151
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Stephen AH, Karlin DR, Luppens CL, Adams CA. Self-inflicted penetrating injury: A review. TRAUMA-ENGLAND 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1460408617694404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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152
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Burke TA, Jacobucci R, Ammerman BA, Piccirillo M, McCloskey MS, Heimberg RG, Alloy LB. Identifying the relative importance of non-suicidal self-injury features in classifying suicidal ideation, plans, and behavior using exploratory data mining. Psychiatry Res 2018; 262:175-183. [PMID: 29453036 PMCID: PMC6684203 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with a history of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) are at alarmingly high risk for suicidal ideation (SI), planning (SP), and attempts (SA). Given these findings, research has begun to evaluate the features of this multi-faceted behavior that may be most important to assess when quantifying risk for SI, SP, and SA. However, no studies have examined the wide range of NSSI characteristics simultaneously when determining which NSSI features are most salient to suicide risk. The current study utilized three exploratory data mining techniques (elastic net regression, decision trees, random forests) to address these gaps in the literature. Undergraduates with a history of NSSI (N = 359) were administered measures assessing demographic variables, depression, and 58 NSSI characteristics (e.g., methods, frequency, functions, locations, scarring) as well as current SI, current SP, and SA history. Results suggested that depressive symptoms and the anti-suicide function of NSSI were the most important features for predicting SI and SP. The most important features in predicting SA were the anti-suicide function of NSSI, NSSI-related medical treatment, and NSSI scarring. Overall, results suggest that NSSI functions, scarring, and medical lethality may be more important to assess than commonly regarded NSSI severity indices when ascertaining suicide risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A Burke
- Temple University, Department of Psychology, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Ross Jacobucci
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Psychology, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | | | - Marilyn Piccirillo
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Psychology, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Lauren B Alloy
- Temple University, Department of Psychology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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153
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Horowitz S, Stermac L. The relationship between interpersonal trauma history and the functions of non-suicidal self-injury in young adults: An experience sampling study. J Trauma Dissociation 2018; 19:232-246. [PMID: 28509661 DOI: 10.1080/15299732.2017.1330228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has been reported to serve a range of functions for individuals who engage in it. Despite considerable variation in NSSI functions between individuals, limited attention has been paid to exploring relationships between NSSI functions and other characteristics of self-injuring individuals, such as trauma history. This is despite allusion to trauma history in the suggested etiology of some NSSI functions (e.g., anti-dissociation, self-punishment). The present study used a 21-day online daily diary to explore possible relationships between common NSSI functions and past interpersonal trauma in community young adults (n = 38). The interpersonal boundaries and anti-dissociation functions significantly related to interpersonal trauma severity in multiple regression analyses; the interpersonal boundaries function continued to significantly relate to interpersonal trauma severity when controlling for the number of NSSI functions endorsed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Horowitz
- a Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - Lana Stermac
- a Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
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154
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Watson RJ, Peter T, McKay T, Edkins T, Saewyc E. Evidence of changing patterns in mental health and depressive symptoms for sexual minority adolescents. JOURNAL OF GAY & LESBIAN MENTAL HEALTH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/19359705.2018.1427646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Watson
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tracey Peter
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Timothy McKay
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tamara Edkins
- Faculty of Law, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Saewyc
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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155
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Abstract
Few studies have examined associations between pathological narcissism and self-harm, but those that do indicate that narcissistic vulnerability (not narcissistic grandiosity) relates to self-harm. The current study extends this literature by investigating how facets of pathological narcissism assessed by the Pathological Narcissism Inventory relate to specific nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) behaviors assessed by the Inventory of Statements About Self-Injury using statistical models appropriate for non-normally distributed count data. In a sample of 1,023 undergraduate students, results revealed that facets of both narcissistic vulnerability and narcissistic grandiosity were differentially related to the endorsement and frequency of specific NSSI behaviors and higher-order latent NSSI factors (repetitive and impulsive), even after accounting for levels of borderline pathology. The clinical implications of these results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindes Dawood
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Aaron L Pincus
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
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156
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Scala JW, Levy KN, Johnson BN, Kivity Y, Ellison WD, Pincus AL, Wilson SJ, Newman MG. The Role of Negative Affect and Self-Concept Clarity in Predicting Self-Injurious Urges in Borderline Personality Disorder Using Ecological Momentary Assessment. J Pers Disord 2018; 32:36-57. [PMID: 29388895 DOI: 10.1521/pedi.2018.32.supp.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Deficits in identity as well as negative affect have been shown to predict self-injurious and suicidal behaviors in individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, less is known about the interactive effects of these two predictors. We examined the moderating effect of a particular component of identity, self-concept, on the relationship between negative affect and self-injurious urges utilizing ecological momentary assessments. Outpatients diagnosed with either BPD (n = 36) or any anxiety disorder but no BPD (n = 18) completed surveys throughout the day over a 21-day period. Higher levels of momentary negative affect predicted greater subsequent urges to self-injure, but only when self-concept clarity was low (z = -3.60, p < .01). This effect did not differ between diagnostic groups. The results suggest that self-concept clarity has a protective effect against self-injurious urges in light of high negative affect, and that this effect may be transdiagnostic.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wesley Scala
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Kenneth N Levy
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Benjamin N Johnson
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Yogev Kivity
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Aaron L Pincus
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephen J Wilson
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Michelle G Newman
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
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157
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Childhood maltreatment and non-suicidal self-injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry 2018; 5:51-64. [PMID: 29196062 PMCID: PMC5743605 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(17)30469-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-suicidal self-injury is being increasingly recognised as a prominent public health concern. Identification of early and modifiable risk factors is necessary to advance the screening and intervention efforts, particularly early detection of at-risk individuals. We aimed to examine childhood maltreatment, including its specific subtypes, in relation to non-suicidal self-injury. METHODS We did a comprehensive meta-analysis of childhood maltreatment (overall, sexual abuse, physical abuse and neglect, and emotional abuse and neglect) in association with non-suicidal self-injury. We also provided a qualitative review of mediators and moderators of this association. We identified relevant articles published from inception to Sept 25, 2017, through a systematic search of Embase, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO. We extracted continuous and categorical data and assessed for potential moderators using ten study characteristics. We generated random-effects models for analysis and evaluated for publication bias. FINDINGS We identified 71 publications that met eligibility criteria. Overall childhood maltreatment was associated with non-suicidal self-injury (odds ratio 3·42, 95% CI 2·74-4·26), and effect sizes for maltreatment subtypes ranged from 1·84 (1·45-2·34) for childhood emotional neglect to 3·03 (2·56-3·54) for childhood emotional abuse. Publication bias was not evident, except in the case of childhood emotional neglect. Across multiple maltreatment subtypes, we found stronger associations with non-suicidal self-injury in non-clinical samples. INTERPRETATION With the exception of childhood emotional neglect, childhood maltreatment and its subtypes are associated with non-suicidal self-injury. Screening of childhood maltreatment history in non-suicidal self-injury risk assessments might hold particular value in community settings, and increased attention to childhood emotional abuse is warranted. FUNDING National Institute of Mental Health.
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158
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Ethical practices in community-based research in non-suicidal self-injury: A systematic review. Asian J Psychiatr 2017; 30:127-134. [PMID: 28903081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The growing interest in community-based research on non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) reflects the high prevalence rates found among vulnerable adolescents and young adults. A significant concern in research with vulnerable populations, and on sensitive topics, is the development of an ethical framework that protects the needs and rights of the participants while responding to researchers' goals and limitations and the broader clinical and public health concerns. AIM The aim of the present study was to review the ethical practices followed in community-based research on NSSI. METHOD A systematic review of literature was conducted, based on PRISMA guidelines, on community-based surveys in NSSI, published between 1995 and 2016. A total of 93 studies were included in the review. RESULTS The results examine a range of ethical issues; the procedures for consent and assent for study participation, protection of confidentiality and the limits of confidentiality, assessment of imminent risk of suicide and subsequent processes, and debriefing measures. The interaction between the study characteristics and the reported ethical procedures has been examined, with a focus on participant age, study design (cross-sectional or longitudinal), survey modality (paper-based survey or online survey) and primary variable/s of interest (only NSSI or NSSI and suicidal ideation/behavior) under study. The review describes the typical ethical practices in community-based research on NSSI, identifies the gaps in the existing literature, and has implications for the formulation of best-practice guidelines.
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159
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McEvoy PM, Hayes S, Hasking PA, Rees CS. Thoughts, images, and appraisals associated with acting and not acting on the urge to self-injure. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2017; 57:163-171. [PMID: 28601695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine the frequency, content, and appraisals of thoughts and images occurring during urges to engage in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). METHOD Undergraduates (N = 154) with a history of NSSI completed an online survey of their thoughts, images, and appraisals when they acted on urges to engage in NSSI as well as when they resisted urges to self-injure. RESULTS Most (>90%) participants reported experiencing both thoughts and images during urges to engage in NSSI. During urges that resulted in self-injury, self-critical and hopeless thoughts were most distressing, and thoughts about relief from emotional distress were most comforting. Images of the anticipated injury were most common. During urges that did not result in self-injury themes of the futility of NSSI, positive self-talk, and the impact on others were most common. Images were most frequently of the negative impact on self and others, and the anticipated injury. Appraisals encouraging NSSI occurred when individuals did and did not act on their urges, but concurrent strong discouraging appraisals appeared to be protective on occasions when urges did not result in self-injury. LIMITATIONS Retrospective self-report was used to assess cognitive content. Generalisability of findings to non-student samples needs to be assessed. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study may inform comprehensive assessment of thoughts and images associated with urges to engage in NSSI. NSSI interventions may need to promote thoughts, imagery and appraisals that discourage NSSI whilst simultaneously modifying cognitions that encourage NSSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M McEvoy
- School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia; Centre for Clinical Interventions, Perth, Australia.
| | - Sarra Hayes
- School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Penelope A Hasking
- School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Clare S Rees
- School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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160
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Cipriano A, Cella S, Cotrufo P. Nonsuicidal Self-injury: A Systematic Review. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1946. [PMID: 29167651 PMCID: PMC5682335 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) refers to the intentional self-inflicted destruction of body tissue without suicidal intention and for purposes not socially sanctioned. Our paper presents an up-to-date overview on nonsuicidal, self-injurious behaviors. Method: In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature search was conducted across two databases, PubMed and PsycARTICLES, regarding the main features of NSSI with a focus on epidemiological and etiologic data, diagnostic criteria, and functions. All English articles, published between 1998 and 2016, were considered, and screened against a priori inclusion/exclusion criteria. The search terms include: self-harm, self-injury, NSSI, epidemiology, comorbidity, gender, functions and DSM. We also examined the references of the retrieved articles. Results: NSSI is most common among adolescents and young adults, and the age of onset is reported to occur between 12 and 14 years. Comorbidity with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and eating disorders is often reported. DSM-5 includes NSSI as a condition requiring further study. This review gives an overview of the prevalence rates (7.5–46.5% adolescents, 38.9% university students, 4–23% adults) and main causes that appear to stem from childhood trauma, comorbidity with many other disorders and several functions of NSSI, and the potential independence of a NSSI disorder. Conclusion: Over the years, interest in NSSI grew to such an extent that an ongoing debate was instigated on whether NSSI should be considered as a diagnosis in its own right and given its own category. This paper provides an up-to-date overview on self-injury, what is known about it and what remains to be done. Clearly, our understanding of the main issues of NSSI has increased in last two decades. However, future researches is needed to examine the developmental trajectories, cultural backgrounds and shed light on the risk factors and functions as well as clarify its role as an independent diagnostic entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarosa Cipriano
- Observatory on Eating Disorders, Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Stefania Cella
- Observatory on Eating Disorders, Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Paolo Cotrufo
- Observatory on Eating Disorders, Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
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161
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Lytle MC, Silenzio VMB, Homan CM, Schneider P, Caine ED. Suicidal and Help-Seeking Behaviors Among Youth in an Online Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and Questioning Social Network. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2017; 65:1916-1933. [PMID: 29020574 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2017.1391552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
LGBTQ youth have a great burden for suicidal ideation/behavior compared to their non-LGBTQ peers. While scholars have explored risk factors for suicidal behaviors, little is known about protective factors among LGBTQ youth, let alone within group differences in terms of help-seeking. Data were collected from 203 TrevorSpace (e.g., a social network for LGBTQ youth) users via online survey to examine suicidal and help-seeking behaviors among LGBTQ individuals. Among participants who reported suicidal ideation/behavior, a large proportion did not seek help (73.1% of gay men, 33.3% of bisexual men, 42.9% of bisexual women, 14.3% of lesbian women, 41.2% of queer individuals) when they considered or attempted suicide. Among those who sought support, reaching out to a friend was most common. However, family support was associated with fewer suicidal behaviors. Our findings underscore the need to examine the effectiveness of specific sources of help and the impact of exposure to social connectedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan C Lytle
- a Department of Psychiatry , University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester , New York , USA
| | - Vincent M B Silenzio
- a Department of Psychiatry , University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester , New York , USA
| | - Christopher M Homan
- a Department of Psychiatry , University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester , New York , USA
- b Department of Computer Science , Rochester Institute of Technology , Rochester , New York , USA
| | | | - Eric D Caine
- a Department of Psychiatry , University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester , New York , USA
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162
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Jithoo V. Contested meanings of mental health and well-being among university students. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0081246317731958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Emerging adults are an important group not only because their opinions and knowledge will determine future attitudes but also because of the emergence of mental health problems during young adulthood. In order to provide relevant support, academics, health care providers as well as policy makers need to be more cognisant of how emerging adults make meaning of their psycho-social developmental context. The objective of the study was to explore how a cohort of 150 university students made meaning of emotional well-being and mental illness, the causes of mental health problems, the negative connotations associated with mental ill health, help-seeking behaviours, and how culture was used as a lens through which mental well-being was understood. The main findings indicate that students struggle to fully understand these concepts mainly because it is shrouded in mystery and complexity and not engaged with freely because of stigma and stereotypical attitudes, and while culture provides a lens to understand the causes and interventions, emerging adults often adopt a level of scepticism and are beginning to vacillate between tradition and modernity. Emerging adults face many barriers to accessing health care services including limited knowledge and stigma related to services, lack of confidentiality, fear of mistreatment, location of facilities, and the high cost of services. Universities and government should actively engage with research evidence to inform policies and programmes to improve the health and well-being of emerging adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinitha Jithoo
- Department of Psychology, School of Human and Community Development, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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163
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Borschmann R, Young JT, Moran P, Spittal MJ, Snow K, Mok K, Kinner SA. Accuracy and predictive value of incarcerated adults' accounts of their self-harm histories: findings froman Australian prospective data linkage study. CMAJ Open 2017; 5:E694-E701. [PMID: 28893844 PMCID: PMC5621944 DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20170058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-harm is prevalent in prison populations and is a well-established risk factor for suicide. Researchers typically rely on self-report to measure self-harm, yet the accuracy and predictive value of self-report in prison populations is unclear. Using a large, representative sample of incarcerated men and women, we aimed to examine the level of agreement between self-reported self-harm history and historical medical records, and investigate the association between self-harm history and medically verified self-harm after release from prison. METHODS During confidential interviews with 1315 adults conducted within 6 weeks of expected release from 1 of 7 prisons in Queensland, Australia, participants were asked about the occurrence of lifetime self-harm. Responses were compared with prison medical records and linked both retrospectively and prospectively with ambulance, emergency department and hospital records to identify instances of medically verified self-harm. Follow-up interviews roughly 1, 3 and 6 months after release covered the same domains assessed in the baseline interview as well as self-reported criminal activity and contact with health care, social and criminal justice services since release. RESULTS Agreement between self-reported and medically verified history of self-harm was poor, with 64 (37.6%) of 170 participants with a history of medically verified self-harm disclosing a history of self-harm at baseline. Participants with a medically verified history of self-harm were more likely than other participants to self-harm during the follow-up period. Compared to the unconfirmed-negative group, the true-positive (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 6.2 [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.3-10.4]), false-negative (adjusted HR 4.0 [95% CI 2.2-6.7]) and unconfirmed-positive (adjusted HR 2.2 [95% CI 1.2-3.9]) groups were at increased risk for self-harm after release from prison. INTERPRETATION Self-reported history of self-harm should not be considered a sensitive indicator of prior self-harm or of future self-harm risk in incarcerated adults. To identify those who should be targeted for preventive strategies, triangulation of data from multiple verifiable sources should be performed whenever possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Borschmann
- Affiliations: Department of Psychiatry (Borschmann), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne;Centre for Adolescent Health (Borschmann, Kinner), Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health (Borschmann, Young, Snow, Kinner), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Health Service and Population Research (Borschmann), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Centre for Health Services Research (Young), School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth; National Drug Research Institute (Young), Curtin University, Perth, Australia; Centre for Academic Mental Health (Moran), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Centre for Mental Health (Spittal), Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne; Centre for International Child Health (Snow), Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne; The Black Dog Institute (Mok), Randwick; Mater Research Institute (Kinner), The University of Queensland, South Brisbane; Griffith Criminology Institute (Kinner), Griffith University, Brisbane; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (Kinner), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement (Kinner), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jesse T Young
- Affiliations: Department of Psychiatry (Borschmann), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne;Centre for Adolescent Health (Borschmann, Kinner), Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health (Borschmann, Young, Snow, Kinner), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Health Service and Population Research (Borschmann), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Centre for Health Services Research (Young), School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth; National Drug Research Institute (Young), Curtin University, Perth, Australia; Centre for Academic Mental Health (Moran), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Centre for Mental Health (Spittal), Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne; Centre for International Child Health (Snow), Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne; The Black Dog Institute (Mok), Randwick; Mater Research Institute (Kinner), The University of Queensland, South Brisbane; Griffith Criminology Institute (Kinner), Griffith University, Brisbane; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (Kinner), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement (Kinner), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Moran
- Affiliations: Department of Psychiatry (Borschmann), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne;Centre for Adolescent Health (Borschmann, Kinner), Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health (Borschmann, Young, Snow, Kinner), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Health Service and Population Research (Borschmann), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Centre for Health Services Research (Young), School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth; National Drug Research Institute (Young), Curtin University, Perth, Australia; Centre for Academic Mental Health (Moran), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Centre for Mental Health (Spittal), Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne; Centre for International Child Health (Snow), Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne; The Black Dog Institute (Mok), Randwick; Mater Research Institute (Kinner), The University of Queensland, South Brisbane; Griffith Criminology Institute (Kinner), Griffith University, Brisbane; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (Kinner), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement (Kinner), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew J Spittal
- Affiliations: Department of Psychiatry (Borschmann), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne;Centre for Adolescent Health (Borschmann, Kinner), Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health (Borschmann, Young, Snow, Kinner), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Health Service and Population Research (Borschmann), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Centre for Health Services Research (Young), School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth; National Drug Research Institute (Young), Curtin University, Perth, Australia; Centre for Academic Mental Health (Moran), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Centre for Mental Health (Spittal), Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne; Centre for International Child Health (Snow), Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne; The Black Dog Institute (Mok), Randwick; Mater Research Institute (Kinner), The University of Queensland, South Brisbane; Griffith Criminology Institute (Kinner), Griffith University, Brisbane; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (Kinner), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement (Kinner), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kathryn Snow
- Affiliations: Department of Psychiatry (Borschmann), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne;Centre for Adolescent Health (Borschmann, Kinner), Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health (Borschmann, Young, Snow, Kinner), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Health Service and Population Research (Borschmann), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Centre for Health Services Research (Young), School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth; National Drug Research Institute (Young), Curtin University, Perth, Australia; Centre for Academic Mental Health (Moran), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Centre for Mental Health (Spittal), Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne; Centre for International Child Health (Snow), Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne; The Black Dog Institute (Mok), Randwick; Mater Research Institute (Kinner), The University of Queensland, South Brisbane; Griffith Criminology Institute (Kinner), Griffith University, Brisbane; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (Kinner), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement (Kinner), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katherine Mok
- Affiliations: Department of Psychiatry (Borschmann), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne;Centre for Adolescent Health (Borschmann, Kinner), Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health (Borschmann, Young, Snow, Kinner), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Health Service and Population Research (Borschmann), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Centre for Health Services Research (Young), School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth; National Drug Research Institute (Young), Curtin University, Perth, Australia; Centre for Academic Mental Health (Moran), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Centre for Mental Health (Spittal), Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne; Centre for International Child Health (Snow), Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne; The Black Dog Institute (Mok), Randwick; Mater Research Institute (Kinner), The University of Queensland, South Brisbane; Griffith Criminology Institute (Kinner), Griffith University, Brisbane; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (Kinner), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement (Kinner), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stuart A Kinner
- Affiliations: Department of Psychiatry (Borschmann), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne;Centre for Adolescent Health (Borschmann, Kinner), Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health (Borschmann, Young, Snow, Kinner), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Health Service and Population Research (Borschmann), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Centre for Health Services Research (Young), School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth; National Drug Research Institute (Young), Curtin University, Perth, Australia; Centre for Academic Mental Health (Moran), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Centre for Mental Health (Spittal), Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne; Centre for International Child Health (Snow), Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne; The Black Dog Institute (Mok), Randwick; Mater Research Institute (Kinner), The University of Queensland, South Brisbane; Griffith Criminology Institute (Kinner), Griffith University, Brisbane; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (Kinner), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement (Kinner), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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164
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Miguel EM, Chou T, Golik A, Cornacchio D, Sanchez AL, DeSerisy M, Comer JS. Examining the scope and patterns of deliberate self-injurious cutting content in popular social media. Depress Anxiety 2017; 34:786-793. [PMID: 28661053 DOI: 10.1002/da.22668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social networking services (SNS) have rapidly become a central platform for adolescents' social interactions and media consumption patterns. The present study examined a representative sample of publicly accessible content related to deliberate self-injurious cutting across three SNS platforms: Twitter, Tumblr, and Instagram. METHODS Data collection simulated searches for publicly available deliberate self-injury content on Twitter, Tumblr, and Instagram. Over a six-month period at randomly generated time points, data were obtained by searching "#cutting" on each SNS platform and collecting the first 10 posts generated. Independent evaluators coded posts for presence of the following: (a) graphic content, (b) negative self-evaluations, (c) references to mental health terms, (d) discouragement of deliberate self-injury, and (e) recovery-oriented resources. Differences across platforms were examined. RESULTS Data collection yielded a sample of 1,155 public posts (770 of which were related to mental health). Roughly 60% of sampled posts depicted graphic content, almost half included negative self-evaluations, only 9.5% discouraged self-injury, and <1% included formal recovery resources. Instagram posts displayed the greatest proportion of graphic content and negative self-evaluations, whereas Twitter exhibited the smallest proportion of each. CONCLUSIONS Findings characterize the graphic nature of online SNS deliberate self-injury content and the relative absence of SNS-posted resources for populations seeking out deliberate self-injurious cutting content. Mental health professionals must recognize the rapidly changing landscape of adolescent media consumption, influences, and social interaction as they may pertain to self-harm patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Miguel
- Mental Health Interventions and Technology (MINT) Program, Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Tommy Chou
- Mental Health Interventions and Technology (MINT) Program, Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alejandra Golik
- Mental Health Interventions and Technology (MINT) Program, Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Danielle Cornacchio
- Mental Health Interventions and Technology (MINT) Program, Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Amanda L Sanchez
- Mental Health Interventions and Technology (MINT) Program, Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mariah DeSerisy
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan S Comer
- Mental Health Interventions and Technology (MINT) Program, Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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165
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Liu RT. Characterizing the course of non-suicidal self-injury: A cognitive neuroscience perspective. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 80:159-165. [PMID: 28579492 PMCID: PMC5705419 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has received increasing recognition as a clinically significant phenomenon. Although in most individuals who engage in NSSI, this behavior is short-lived, for a significant proportion of these individuals, NSSI follows a chronic course. There is a need for research advancing our understanding of the mechanisms of risk for NSSI, and how these mechanisms may change over time to account for the persistence of this behavior. In the current paper, a conceptual framework is proposed for characterizing the processes underlying the transition from initial engagement in NSSI to a chronic trajectory of this behavior. In particular, a case is made for conceptualizing NSSI as a habitual behavior as defined within a cognitive neuroscience perspective, with support from the existing theoretical and empirical literature. Finally, potential mechanisms are articulated for the development of chronic NSSI within this conceptual framework and recommendations presented for empirically evaluating this conceptualization of NSSI in future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard T Liu
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Bradley Hospital, 1011 Veterans Memorial Parkway, East Providence, RI, 02915, United States.
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166
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Ong SH, Tan ACY, Liang WZ. Functions of nonsuicidal self-injury in Singapore adolescents: Implications for intervention. Asian J Psychiatr 2017; 28:47-50. [PMID: 28784396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The functions of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and DSM-IV-TR diagnoses were examined in a sample of thirty ethnic adolescents followed up in a local child and adolescent psychiatric clinic in Singapore. The most commonly endorsed function of NSSI on the Functional Assessment of Self-Mutilation scale was Automatic Negative Reinforcement (A-NR) and the least being Social Negative Reinforcement (S-NR). Participants were more likely to be diagnosed as having Major Depression Disorder. Depressed adolescents did not differ from non-depressed counterparts in their endorsement of social reinforcement functions. The results suggest that specific psychosocial interventions may help address both automatic and social functions of NSSI in Singapore adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Say How Ong
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, (S) 539747, Singapore; Department of Psychological Medicine, KK Women's & Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, (S) 229899, Singapore.
| | | | - Wilfred Zhijian Liang
- Early Psychosis Intervention Program, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, (S) 539747, Singapore
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167
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Peterson CM, Matthews A, Copps-Smith E, Conard LA. Suicidality, Self-Harm, and Body Dissatisfaction in Transgender Adolescents and Emerging Adults with Gender Dysphoria. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2017; 47:475-482. [PMID: 27539381 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Prevalence of suicide attempts, self-injurious behaviors, and associated psychosocial factors were examined in a clinical sample of transgender (TG) adolescents and emerging adults (n = 96). Twenty-seven (30.3%) TG youth reported a history of at least one suicide attempt and 40 (41.8%) reported a history of self-injurious behaviors. There was a higher frequency of suicide attempts in TG youth with a desire for weight change, and more female-to-male youth reported a history of suicide attempts and self-harm behaviors than male-to-female youth. Findings indicate that this population is at a high risk for psychiatric comorbidities and life-threatening behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Peterson
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Abigail Matthews
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Lee Ann Conard
- Division of Adolescent and Transition Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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168
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Gholamzadeh S, Zahmatkeshan M, Zarenezhad M, Ghaffari E, Hoseni S. The pattern of self-harm in Fars Province in South Iran: A population-based study. J Forensic Leg Med 2017; 51:34-38. [PMID: 28738212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Non-suicidal self-harm includes cutting, scratching, burning and minor overdosing. There have been few studies that have examined the rate and pattern of self-harm among different individuals of the society. We performed a population-based study to determine different aspects of non-suicidal self-harm in cases referred to legal medicine organization of Fars Province and south Iran. In a population-based longitudinal survey, we applied data from cases referred to legal medicine organization of Fars province. The survey included questions about the history, method, frequency, age of onset and help-seeking for non-suicidal self-harm. The data about non-suicidal self-harm were collected since 2007 to 2011 and analyzed using students' T-test for continuous data and χ2 for binary or categorical data using SPSS ver. 21.0. Totally 2166 individuals were diagnosed who had ever harmed themselves. Self-injuries such as cutting, scratching and self-hitting were the most common forms of non-suicidal self-harm (83.2%). The mean age of onset was 25.7 ± 2.6 years. Self-injury was more frequent in males and individuals with lower education levels mostly unemployed. The most frequent injury site was posterior side of the body for example shoulders (157; 9.8%) and the most type of the injury was bruise in 398(55.26%) cases. Hard objects (1197; 55.26%) were the most used devices for self-injury followed by cutting and sharp devices. Among those who reported non-suicidal self-harm, 56% had sought help while self-injury. We found a high prevalence of non-suicidal self-harm in different individuals of the society in Fars province since 2007 to 2011. Many mental-health symptoms as well as legal and financial gains should be evaluated for any association with this behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Gholamzadeh
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mozhghan Zahmatkeshan
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zarenezhad
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Elaheh Ghaffari
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, International Branch, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sanaz Hoseni
- Azad University of Medical Sciences, Kazeroon Branch, Kazeroon, Iran
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169
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Emery AA, Heath NL, Mills DJ. The Role of Basic Need Satisfaction in the Onset, Maintenance, and Cessation of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury: An Application of Self-Determination Theory. Arch Suicide Res 2017; 21:413-424. [PMID: 27439328 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2016.1211043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study applied self-determination theory to examine the onset, maintenance, and cessation of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents. Specifically, the study examined the relationship between the basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness, and NSSI status. Participants were classified into the NSSI Maintain (n = 30), NSSI Start (n = 44), NSSI Stop (n = 21), or Control (n = 98) groups based on NSSI status over 2 time points within a 12-month period. Repeated measures multiple analysis of variance was employed. Satisfaction of the need for competence decreased over time in all adolescents. Adolescents who maintained NSSI behavior reported significantly lower levels of need satisfaction compared to adolescents reporting no history of NSSI engagement, and adolescents who began NSSI over the course of the study reported significantly lower levels of need satisfaction compared to those reporting no history of NSSI engagement. The findings suggest that need satisfaction varies as a function of NSSI status.
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170
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Baiden P, Stewart SL, Fallon B. The role of adverse childhood experiences as determinants of non-suicidal self-injury among children and adolescents referred to community and inpatient mental health settings. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2017; 69:163-176. [PMID: 28477476 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to examine the prevalence of, and determine the effect of adverse childhood experiences on non-suicidal self-injury among children and adolescents referred to community and inpatient mental health settings. Data for this study were obtained from the interRAI Child and Youth Mental Health dataset. A total of 2038 children and adolescents aged 8-18 years (M=12.49; SD=2.88, 61.1% males) were analyzed. Binary logistic regression was fitted to identify predictors of non-suicidal self-injury as a function of adverse childhood experiences, depression, and social support while simultaneously controlling for age, gender, type of patient, legal guardianship, marital status of parents/caregivers, history of foster family placement, and mental health diagnoses. Of the 2038 children and adolescents examined, 592 (29%) of this clinical sample engaged in non-suicidal self-injury. In the multivariate logistic regression model, children and adolescents who were physically abused had 49% higher odds of engaging in non-suicidal self-injury and children and adolescents who were sexually abused had 60% higher odds of engaging in non-suicidal self-injury, when compared to their non-abused counterparts. Other predictors of non-suicidal self-injury include: older age, female gender, inpatient status, depression, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, disruptive behavior disorder, and mood disorders. Children and adolescents who had some form of social support had a 26% decrease in the odds of engaging in non-suicidal self-injury. Assessment procedures for indicators of mental health, particularly among children and adolescents with a history of adverse childhood experiences, should also take into account non-suicidal self-injury. In addition to bolstering social support networks, addressing depression and related emotion regulation skills in childhood may help prevent future non-suicidal self-injury behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Baiden
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON M5S 1V4, Canada.
| | - Shannon L Stewart
- Faculty of Education, Western University, 1137 Western Road, London, ON N6G 1G7, Canada
| | - Barbara Fallon
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON M5S 1V4, Canada
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171
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Davis LT, Weiss NH, Tull MT, Gratz KL. The relation of protective factors to deliberate self-harm among African-American adults: moderating roles of gender and sexual orientation identity. J Ment Health 2017. [PMID: 28644703 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2017.1340610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined correlates of deliberate self-harm (DSH) among African-Americans. Moreover, most research on the correlates of DSH in general has focused on risk factors rather than protective factors. AIMS This study examined differences in perceived social support, religiosity (both spirituality and church attendance) and overall life satisfaction between African-Americans with and without a history of DSH, as well as the moderating roles of gender and sexual orientation in these relations. METHOD Participants were 244 African-American university students who completed questionnaires. RESULTS Participants with (vs. without) DSH reported significantly lower levels of social support. Additionally, rates of DSH were significantly higher among participants who attended church irregularly versus regularly or rarely/never. However, the association between DSH and church attendance was significant only for women (vs. men) and LGBQ (vs. heterosexual) women. Further, gender moderated the relation between DSH and social support from both significant others and friends, with self-harming women (but not men) reporting less support than their non-DSH counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Findings add to the literature on DSH among African-Americans, highlighting both social support and church attendance (depending on regularity) as potential protective factors within this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey T Davis
- a Central Alabama Veterans Health Care System , Tuskegee , AL , USA
| | - Nicole H Weiss
- b Department of Psychiatry , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA , and
| | - Matthew T Tull
- c Department of Psychology , University of Toledo , Toledo , OH , USA
| | - Kim L Gratz
- c Department of Psychology , University of Toledo , Toledo , OH , USA
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172
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Methods and Functions of non-Suicidal Self-Injury among Adolescents Seeking Emergency Psychiatric Services. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-017-9609-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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173
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Benjet C, González-Herrera I, Castro-Silva E, Méndez E, Borges G, Casanova L, Medina-Mora ME. Non-suicidal self-injury in Mexican young adults: Prevalence, associations with suicidal behavior and psychiatric disorders, and DSM-5 proposed diagnostic criteria. J Affect Disord 2017; 215:1-8. [PMID: 28288307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) may lead to scarring, infection, accidental death and psychological distress. Little is known about NSSI in the general population of young adults in developing countries like Mexico. The current study examined the prevalence of any NSSI and each type of NSSI, the prevalence of meeting DSM-5 proposed criteria, and finally the association of NSSI with socio-demographic variables, suicidal behavior and psychiatric disorders. METHODS This study was conducted in a community sample of 1071 young adults between 19 and 26 years of age residents of Mexico City. RESULTS The lifetime prevalence of NSSI was 18.56% with females having 87% greater odds. The 12-month prevalence was 3.19%. Only 0.22% of the total sample and 6.96% of those that self-injured in the past 12 months met full criteria proposed by DSM-5, in part due to the lack of reported impairment; 39.99% of those that self-injured reported impairment. Suicidal behavior commonly co-occurred with NSSI. All lifetime anxiety, mood, disruptive behavior and substance use disorders were associated with greater risk for lifetime NSSI whereas only 12-month depression and substance use disorder was associated with greater risk of 12-month NSSI. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional nature of the study precludes conclusions of causality and directionality and the study excluded institutionalized and homeless young adults. CONCLUSIONS NSSI is a concerning problem in young adults from Mexico City due to the important associations with all types of psychiatric disorders and suicidal behavior. Because many who self-injure do not perceive impairment, they are unlikely to seek treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Benjet
- National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | | | | | - Enrique Méndez
- National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guilherme Borges
- National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leticia Casanova
- National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente, Mexico City, Mexico
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174
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Whitlock J, Lloyd-Richardson E, Fisseha F, Bates T. Parental Secondary Stress: The Often Hidden Consequences of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Youth. J Clin Psychol 2017; 74:178-196. [PMID: 28493555 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to deepen understanding of the effects on parents of having a self-injuring child by (a) analyzing differences in dimensions of caregiver strain between caregivers of youth with nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI+) and parents of youth with no known mental health history (MH-); (b) identifying factors that contribute to caregiver strain; and (c) examining parent outcome expectancies. METHOD Participants were 196 NSSI+ parents and 57 MH- parents. Quantitative measures of psychosocial variables, parent mental health and support variables, and child self-injury characteristics were assessed in relation to caregiver strain, and NSSI+ parental expectancies were assessed via mixed methods. RESULTS Parents with a NSSI+ youth were more likely to exhibit all forms of objective and subjective strain than parents of youth with no mental health challenges. Despite this, many parents expressed beliefs that their child would experience personal growth as a result of their NSSI experience. CONCLUSION Findings reveal the important role of mindful parenting practices and informal social support.
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175
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Peh CX, Shahwan S, Fauziana R, Mahesh MV, Sambasivam R, Zhang Y, Ong SH, Chong SA, Subramaniam M. Emotion dysregulation as a mechanism linking child maltreatment exposure and self-harm behaviors in adolescents. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2017; 67:383-390. [PMID: 28371647 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Although child maltreatment exposure is a recognized risk factor for self-harm, mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. Self-harm may function as a compensatory strategy to regulate distressing emotions. This cross-sectional study examines if emotion dysregulation mediates between the severity of maltreatment exposure and self-harm, adjusting for demographic variables and depressive symptoms. Participants were 108 adolescent patients recruited from a psychiatric hospital in Singapore (mean age 17.0 years, SD=1.65; 59.3% female). Study measures included the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF), Functional Assessment of Self-Mutilation (FASM), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8). Path analysis was conducted to examine the direct and indirect effects of maltreatment exposure on self-harm via emotion dysregulation, controlling for demographic variables and depressive symptoms. Indirect effects were tested using bootstrapped confidence intervals (CI). Results showed that self-harm was highly prevalent in our sample (75.9%). Emotion dysregulation and depressive symptoms were found to be associated with higher self-harm frequency. In addition, results from path analysis showed that the association between the severity of maltreatment exposure and self-harm frequency was significantly mediated by emotion dysregulation B=0.07, p<0.05, 95% CI [0.02, 0.16]. Thus, emotion dysregulation may be a proximal mechanism linking maltreatment exposure and adolescent self-harm. Notably, self-harm may represent maladaptive attempts to manage emotion dysregulation that may have resulted from maltreatment. Findings from the study have implications for the prevention and treatment of self-harm in maltreated youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu Peh
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore.
| | | | | | | | | | - YunJue Zhang
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | - Say How Ong
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore; Department of Psychological Medicine, KK Women's & Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Siow Ann Chong
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
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176
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Garcia AF, Acosta M, Pirani S, Edwards D, Osman A. Factor structure, factorial invariance, and validity of the Multidimensional Shame-Related Response Inventory-21 (MSRI-21). J Couns Psychol 2017; 64:233-246. [PMID: 28182490 PMCID: PMC5459485 DOI: 10.1037/cou0000192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We describe 2 studies designed to evaluate scores on the Multidimensional Shame-related Response Inventory-21 (MSRI-21), a recently developed instrument that measures affective and behavioral responses to shame. The inventory assesses shame-related responses in 3 categories: negative self-evaluation, fear of social consequences, and maladaptive behavior tendency. For Study 1, (N = 743) undergraduates completed the MSRI-21. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the validity of the MSRI-21 3-factor structure. Latent variable modeling of coefficient-α provided strong evidence for the internal consistency of scores on each scale. In Study 2, (N = 540) undergraduates completed the instrument along with 5 concurrent measures chosen for clinical significance. Achievement of factorial invariance supported the use of MSRI-21 scale scores to make valid mean comparisons across gender. In addition, MSRI-21 scale scores were associated as expected with scores on measures of self-harm, suicide, and other risk factors. Taken together, results of 2 studies support the internal consistency reliability, factorial validity, factorial invariance, and convergent validity of scores on the MSRI-21. Further work is needed to assess the temporal stability of the MSRI-21 scale scores, invariance across clinical status and other groupings, item-level measurement properties, and viability in highly symptomatic samples. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio F Garcia
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at San Antonio
| | - Melina Acosta
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at San Antonio
| | - Saifa Pirani
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at San Antonio
| | - Daniel Edwards
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at San Antonio
| | - Augustine Osman
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at San Antonio
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177
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Abstract
Abstract. Background: Alcohol use and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) appear to share a conceptual overlap in functions (e.g., tension reduction). Alcohol use has been identified as a risk factor for NSSI, and higher rates of alcohol use have been documented among those with NSSI history. Aims: This study examined whether NSSI-related alcohol expectancies affect relations between NSSI and alcohol use. Method: Participants were 367 college students (73% female) asked to complete an online survey about their drinking behavior and lifetime NSSI. Results: NSSI and alcohol use were highly prevalent in this sample: 56% endorsed lifetime NSSI and 74% endorsed current alcohol use. Of note, 43% (n = 147) endorsed both behaviors. Positive NSSI-related alcohol expectancies showed a significant association with lifetime NSSI. In addition, positive NSSI-related alcohol expectancies were associated with more frequent drinking behavior for individuals with a history of NSSI, particularly those who had engaged in two or more methods of lifetime NSSI. Conclusion: Alcohol use and NSSI represent high-risk behaviors commonly employed to regulate unwanted affective states. Interventions targeting substance use and/or NSSI may consider assessing positive NSSI and substance use expectancies, as the presence of these beliefs suggests a higher risk profile.
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178
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The Social Situation of Sickness: an Evolutionary Perspective on Therapeutic Encounters. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40806-017-0086-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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179
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Gromatsky MA, Waszczuk MA, Perlman G, Salis KL, Klein DN, Kotov R. The role of parental psychopathology and personality in adolescent non-suicidal self-injury. J Psychiatr Res 2017; 85:15-23. [PMID: 27814456 PMCID: PMC5191934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), a significant risk factor for suicidal behavior, is strongly associated with adolescent psychopathology and personality traits, particularly those characterized by poor self-regulation. Some parental psychopathology and personality traits have also been identified as risk factors for adolescent NSSI, but specific parental characteristics and mechanisms involved in this association have not been systematically examined. The current study comprehensively investigated the contribution of parental psychopathology and personality to adolescent NSSI using data from the baseline wave of the Adolescent Development of Emotion and Personality Traits (ADEPT) study of 550 adolescent girls (mean age = 14.39 years, SD = 0.63) and their biological parents. We first investigated whether parental lifetime psychiatric diagnoses, and personality and clinical (rumination, self-criticism, emotional reliance) traits were associated with adolescent NSSI. We also tested whether adolescent history of psychiatric illness, personality, and clinical traits mediated the associations between parental characteristics and adolescent NSSI. Parental substance use disorder, adult-ADHD symptoms, self-criticism, and lower agreeableness and conscientiousness were associated with offspring's NSSI. These associations were mediated through adolescent characteristics. In contrast, parental mood and anxiety disorders and neuroticism were unrelated to adolescent NSSI. The results suggest that parental traits and disorders characterized by self-regulatory difficulties and lack of support constitute risk factors for self-injury in adolescent girls, acting via adolescent traits. This demonstrates that parental influences play a significant role in the etiology of adolescent NSSI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika A Waszczuk
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Greg Perlman
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Katie Lee Salis
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Daniel N. Klein
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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180
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Stanford S, Jones MP, Loxton DJ. Understanding women who self-harm: Predictors and long-term outcomes in a longitudinal community sample. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2017; 51:151-160. [PMID: 26921278 DOI: 10.1177/0004867416633298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is growing awareness of the range of psychosocial, lifestyle, and sociodemographic factors related to self-harm, however this research is often limited by using cross-sectional or convenience samples. And while we generally assume that young adults who self-harm experience poorer long-term outcomes, longitudinal research is needed. This paper builds on prior research using a large, representative, longitudinal sample. METHODS 5765 Australian women completed 5 surveys (age 18-23 to 31-36). Six-month self-harm was measured by self-report. We had two aims: firstly to predict future self-harm, separately for women with and without prior self-harm. Secondly, to identify outcomes 3 and 6 years following self-harm. RESULTS Six-month self-harm prevalence was 2.5%. Predictors among women without recent self-harm included depression, dieting behaviours, number of male sexual partners, and abuse. Among women with recent or current self-harm, predictors were number of dieting behaviours, tiredness of life, and stress. Women who self-harmed reported poorer outcomes, namely greater difficulties in relationships at 3- and 6-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Longitudinal risk factors for self-harm differed depending on prior self-harm status, and included depression, dieting behaviours, tiredness of life and stress. These factors may serve as warning signs for new or continued self-harm. This study offers new insight into long-term outcomes up to six years after self-harm, particularly with relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Stanford
- 1 Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael P Jones
- 1 Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Deborah J Loxton
- 2 Faculty of Health and Medicine (Public Health), University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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181
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Buser TJ, Buser JK, Rutt CC. Predictors of Unintentionally Severe Harm During Nonsuicidal Self-Injury. JOURNAL OF COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jcad.12113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor J. Buser
- Department of Graduate Education, Leadership, and Counseling; Rider University
| | - Juleen K. Buser
- Department of Graduate Education, Leadership, and Counseling; Rider University
| | - Corrine C. Rutt
- Department of Graduate Education, Leadership, and Counseling; Rider University
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182
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Sher L, Fisher AM, Kelliher CH, Penner JD, Goodman M, Koenigsberg HW, New AS, Siever LJ, Hazlett EA. Clinical features and psychiatric comorbidities of borderline personality disorder patients with versus without a history of suicide attempt. Psychiatry Res 2016; 246:261-266. [PMID: 27728869 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) are at high risk for suicidal behavior. However, many BPD patients do not engage in suicidal behavior. In this study, we compared clinical features of BPD patients with or without a history of suicide attempts and healthy volunteers. Compared with healthy volunteers, both BPD groups had higher Affective Lability Scale (ALS), ALS - Depression-Anxiety Subscale, Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS), and Lifetime History of Aggression (LHA) scores and were more likely to have a history of temper tantrums. BPD suicide attempters had higher ALS, ALS - Depression-Anxiety Subscale and LHA scores and were more likely to have a history of non-suicidal self-injury or temper tantrums compared to BPD non-attempters. Also, BPD suicide attempters were more likely to have a history of comorbid major depressive disorder and less likely to have comorbid narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) in comparison to BPD non-attempters. About 50% of study participants in each BPD group had a history of comorbid substance use disorder (SUD). Our study indicates that BPD patients with a history of suicide attempt are more aggressive, affectively dysregulated and less narcissistic than BPD suicide non-attempters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Sher
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; Inpatient and Outpatient Psychiatry, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States.
| | - Amanda M Fisher
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Caitlin H Kelliher
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Justin D Penner
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; Inpatient and Outpatient Psychiatry, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC; VISN 2 South), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Marianne Goodman
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; Inpatient and Outpatient Psychiatry, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC; VISN 2 South), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Harold W Koenigsberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; Inpatient and Outpatient Psychiatry, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Antonia S New
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Larry J Siever
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; Inpatient and Outpatient Psychiatry, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC; VISN 2 South), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Erin A Hazlett
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC; VISN 2 South), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
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183
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Cross-sectional and temporal association between non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal ideation in young adults: The explanatory roles of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness. Psychiatry Res 2016; 246:573-580. [PMID: 27835855 PMCID: PMC5161648 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a strong predictor of suicidal ideation and attempts. Consistent with the interpersonal theory of suicide, preliminary evidence suggests that NSSI is associated with higher levels of perceived burdensomeness (PB) and thwarted belongingness (TB). However, no study to date has examined the cross-sectional and prospective relationships between NSSI, TB, PB, and suicidal ideation (SI). To fill this gap, this study examined the mediating role of TB and PB in the relationship between NSSI and SI at baseline and follow-up. Young adults (N=49) with and without histories of NSSI completed self-report measures of TB, PB, and SI at three time points over two months. NSSI history was associated with higher levels of PB, TB, and SI at all time points. TB and PB significantly accounted for the relationship between NSSI history and SI at baseline. However, the relationship between NSSI history and SI at follow-up was mediated by PB, not TB. Findings provide evidence for the roles of TB and PB in the relationship between NSSI and SI, and partial support for the interpersonal theory of suicide. Future research and clinical implications are discussed.
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184
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Zaki LF, Gross M, Pachankis JE. Help-seeking for nonsuicidal self-injury in sexual minority adolescent and young adult females. JOURNAL OF GAY & LESBIAN MENTAL HEALTH 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/19359705.2016.1273156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Landon F. Zaki
- Licensed Psychologist, Private Practice, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Madeline Gross
- Licensed Psychologist, New York City Police Department, New York, New York, USA
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185
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Meza JI, Owens EB, Hinshaw SP. Response Inhibition, Peer Preference and Victimization, and Self-Harm: Longitudinal Associations in Young Adult Women with and without ADHD. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 44:323-34. [PMID: 25985979 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-015-0036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Self-harm (suicidal ideation and attempts; non-suicidal self-injuries behavior) peaks in adolescence and early-adulthood, with rates higher for women than men. Young women with childhood psychiatric diagnoses appear to be at particular risk, yet more remains to be learned about the key predictors or mediators of self-harm outcomes. Our aims were to examine, with respect to self-harm-related outcomes in early adulthood, the predictive validity of childhood response inhibition, a cardinal trait of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as well as the potential mediating effects of social preference and peer victimization, ascertained in early adolescence. Participants were an ethnically and socioeconomically diverse sample of 228 girls with and without ADHD, an enriched sample for deficits in response inhibition. Childhood response inhibition (RI) predicted young-adult suicide ideation (SI), suicide attempts (SA), and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), over and above full-scale IQ, mother's education, household income, and age. Importantly, teacher-rated social preference in adolescence was a partial mediator of the RI-SI/SA linkages; self-reported peer victimization in adolescence emerged as a significant partial mediator of the RI-NSSI linkage. We discuss implications for conceptual models of self-harm and for needed clinical services designed to detect and reduce self-harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn I Meza
- University of California, 2205 Tolman Hall, Berkley, CA, 94720-1650, USA.
| | - Elizabeth B Owens
- University of California, 2205 Tolman Hall, Berkley, CA, 94720-1650, USA
| | - Stephen P Hinshaw
- University of California, 2205 Tolman Hall, Berkley, CA, 94720-1650, USA
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186
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Ammerman BA, Brown S. The Mediating Role of Self-Criticism in the Relationship between Parental Expressed Emotion and NSSI. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 37:325-333. [PMID: 29651223 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-016-9516-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is found at high rates among adolescents and young adults and is associated with many negative consequences, warranting additional research. Two factors that may contribute to NSSI during this time period are one's levels of self-criticism and perceptions of their parental relationships; however, these relationships have received limited attention. The purpose of this current study was to address this gap in the literature. Adolescents and young adults (n=294) completed measures of perceived parental expressed emotion, self-criticism, and NSSI. Participants with a history of NSSI reported perceiving their parents as providing less emotional support, inducing more irritation, being more intrusive, and expressing more criticism compared to those without a history of NSSI. These individuals also endorsed greater self-criticism. Further, self-criticism mediated the relationship between perceived parental expressed emotion and NSSI occurrence, such that those with higher reported self-criticism and greater perceived parental expressed emotion were more likely to engage in NSSI.
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187
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Kiekens G, Claes L, Demyttenaere K, Auerbach RP, Green JG, Kessler RC, Mortier P, Nock MK, Bruffaerts R. Lifetime and 12-Month Nonsuicidal Self-Injury and Academic Performance in College Freshmen. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2016; 46:563-576. [PMID: 26954061 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We examined whether nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is associated with academic performance in college freshmen, using census-based web surveys (N = 7,527; response = 65.4%). NSSI was assessed with items from the Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview and subsequently linked with the administratively recorded academic year percentage (AYP). Freshmen with lifetime and 12-month NSSI showed a reduction in AYP of 3.4% and 5.9%, respectively. The college environment was found to moderate the effect of 12-month NSSI, with more strongly reduced AYPs in departments with higher-than-average mean departmental AYPs. The findings suggest that overall stress and test anxiety are underlying processes between NSSI membership and academic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Kiekens
- Research Group Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Laurence Claes
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Demyttenaere
- Research Group Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Randy P Auerbach
- Harvard Medical School, Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | | | - Ronald C Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Philippe Mortier
- Research Group Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthew K Nock
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ronny Bruffaerts
- Research Group Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
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188
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Reuter TR, Sharp C, Kalpakci AH, Choi HJ, Temple JR. Sexual Orientation and Borderline Personality Disorder Features in a Community Sample of Adolescents. J Pers Disord 2016; 30:694-707. [PMID: 26583589 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2015_29_224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Empirical literature demonstrates that sexual minorities are at an increased risk of developing psychopathology, including borderline personality disorder (BPD). The specific link between sexual orientation and BPD has received significantly less attention in youth, and it remains unclear what drives this relation. Given that there are higher rates of psychopathology in both sexual minorities and individuals with BPD, the present study aimed to determine if sexual orientation uniquely contributes to borderline personality pathology, controlling for other psychopathology. An ethnically diverse sample of 835 adolescents completed self-report measures of borderline features, depression, anxiety, and sexual orientation. Sexual minorities scored higher on borderline features compared to heterosexual adolescents. When controlling for depression and anxiety, sexual orientation remained significantly associated with borderline features. The relation between sexual orientation and BPD cannot fully be explained by other psychopathology. Future research is necessary to understand potential mechanisms underlying this relation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hye J Choi
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Jeff R Temple
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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189
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Wu D, Rockett IRH, Yang T, Feng X, Jiang S, Yu L. Deliberate self-harm among Chinese medical students: A population-based study. J Affect Disord 2016; 202:137-44. [PMID: 27262635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phenomenon of deliberate self-harm (DSH) among college students has received increased attention in recent decades. Adopting a psychosocial perspective, this study aims to describe self-reported DSH among Chinese medical college students, assess respective associations between uncertainty stress and social capital with DSH, and explore the mechanism linking these three phenomena. METHODS A cross-sectional survey employing multi-stage, sampling was conducted. 4446 undergraduate students were recruited from 22 participating Chinese medical universities. Perceived stress from uncertainty and social capital were assessed among the students. The Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression models assessed correlates of DSH. Relationship among social capital, uncertainty stress, and DSH were examined by means of Structural Equation Modeling. RESULTS The prevalence of DSH in the past 12 months among Chinese students was 9.6%. The most common types of physical DSH reported were scratching, cutting, and pinching. Age (χ(2)=26.63, p<0.01), gender (χ(2)=30.24, p<0.01), major field (χ(2)=28.13, p<0.01), and annual household income (χ(2)=11.10, p<0.05) were statistically associated with DSH. Uncertainty stress is a unique correlate of DSH, and shows a stronger association than do three certainty stressors. Social capital is also a strong correlate of DSH, especially cognitive social capital. Moreover, social capital may be indirectly associated with DSH through impacting uncertainty stress. LIMITATIONS This study was a cross-sectional and thus could not evaluate causal relationships. CONCLUSION We recommend that a DSH intervention study should target uncertainty stress management and social capital accumulation. This study provides scientific evidence and theoretical foundation for future DSH interventions, with a view to enhancing the mental health of medical college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Management, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Ian R H Rockett
- Injury Control Research Center and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health,West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Tingzhong Yang
- Department of Social Medicine/Center for Tobacco Control Research, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Xueying Feng
- Department of Social Medicine/Center for Tobacco Control Research, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Shuhan Jiang
- Department of Social Medicine/Center for Tobacco Control Research, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Lingwei Yu
- Department of Social Medicine/Center for Tobacco Control Research, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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190
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Burke TA, Ammerman BA, Hamilton JL, Alloy LB. Impact of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Scale: Initial Psychometric Validation. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2016; 41:130-142. [PMID: 28824214 DOI: 10.1007/s10608-016-9806-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined the psychometric properties of the Impact of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Scale (INS), a scale developed to assess the social, behavioral, and emotional consequences of engaging in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). University students (N=128) who endorsed a history of NSSI were administered the INS, as well as measures of hypothesized convergent and divergent validity. Results suggested that the INS is best conceptualized as a one-factor scale, and internal consistency analyses indicated excellent reliability. The INS was significantly correlated with well-known measures of NSSI severity (i.e., NSSI frequency, NSSI recency), and measures of suicide attempt history and emotional reactivity. Logistic regression analyses indicated that the INS contributed unique variance to the prediction of physical disfigurement (i.e., NSSI scarring) and clinically significant social anxiety, even after taking into account NSSI frequency. Furthermore, the INS demonstrated divergent validity. Implications for research on NSSI disorder and clinical practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A Burke
- Psychology Department, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Lauren B Alloy
- Psychology Department, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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191
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Xin X, Wang Y, Fang J, Ming Q, Yao S. Prevalence and Correlates of Direct Self-Injurious Behavior among Chinese Adolescents: Findings from a Multicenter and Multistage Survey. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 45:815-826. [DOI: 10.1007/s10802-016-0201-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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192
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Cwik JC, Teismann T. Misclassification of Self-Directed Violence. Clin Psychol Psychother 2016; 24:677-686. [PMID: 27481725 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inconsistent nomenclature and classification of suicidal behaviour have plagued the field of suicidology for a long time. Recently, the United States Centers for Disease Control (CDC) advocated for the usage of a specific classification system. Aim of the current study was to determine the extent of misdiagnosed acts of self-directed violence-controlling for the level of expertise in psychology/psychotherapy. Additionally, the effect of gender and diagnosis on misclassifications was assessed. METHOD A total of 426 participants (laypersons, psychology students, psychotherapists-in-training, licensed psychotherapists) were presented with an array of case vignettes describing different acts of self-directed violence (e.g., non-suicidal self-directed violence, suicide attempt, suicide ideation) and were asked to make a classification. Gender and given diagnosis were varied systematically in two vignettes. RESULTS Overall 51.6% of the cases were misclassified (according to the Self-Directed Violence Classification System). The level of expertise was almost unrelated to classification correctness. Yet, psychotherapists were more confident about their judgments. Female gender of the character described in the vignette and an ascribed diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder were associated with higher misclassification rates. LIMITATIONS The validity of case vignettes is discussible. CONCLUSIONS The results highlight the importance of more methodological and diagnostic training of psychologists regarding suicidal issues. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. KEY PRACTITIONER MESSAGE Misclassification of non-suicidal and suicidal events is common. Expertise is only weakly associated with classification correctness. Misclassification of suicide attempts occurs more often in women. Misclassification of suicide attempts occurs more often in Borderline Personality Disorder. The use of standardized diagnostic tools in relation to self-directed violence is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tobias Teismann
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
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193
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Functions of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI): Cross-sectional associations with NSSI duration and longitudinal changes over time and following treatment. Psychiatry Res 2016; 241:83-90. [PMID: 27156029 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.04.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we sought to clarify if and how the functions of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) relate to duration of NSSI or change over time. To accomplish this aim, we analyzed data obtained from routine clinical evaluations completed within a specialized acute-care treatment program for NSSI. Specifically, we examined how functions of NSSI vary between patients by duration of NSSI, how functions changed within patients over time, and how changes in NSSI functions related to treatment outcomes. Neither internal nor social functions were associated with NSSI duration between patients after controlling for relevant covariates. For patients completing two admissions assessments, internal and social functions decreased similarly over time, although the decrease in internal functions was no longer significant after controlling for decreases in NSSI urges. For patients who completed admissions and discharge assessments, internal and social functions decreased over the course of treatment, with larger decreases in internal functions. Decreases in both types of functions related to improved treatment outcomes. In conclusion, our results suggest that NSSI functions are generally stable across time, although decreases in NSSI functions may relate to clinical improvement.
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194
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Ozsoy S, Kara K, Teke HY, Turker T, Congologlu MA, Sezigen S, Renklidag T, Karapirli M, Javan GT. Relationship Between Self-Injurious Behaviors and Levels of Aggression in Children and Adolescents Who Were Subject to Medicolegal Examination. J Forensic Sci 2016; 61:382-387. [PMID: 27404611 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aggression, which is defined as a behavior causing harm or pain, is a behavioral pattern typically expected in children and adolescents who are involved in criminal activities. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between aggression and self-injurious behavior (SIB) in children and adolescents. The study was performed in 295 cases which were sent for medicolegal examination. The mean age of the subjects was 14.27 ± 1.05 years (age range 10-18 years). The aggression levels of the subjects were determined using the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ), which is an updated form of the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory. The mean total AQ score of the subjects with and without SIB was 78.04 ± 21.0 and 62.75 ± 18.05, respectively (p < 0.01). There were significant statistical differences between the two groups with respect to their subscale scores (p < 0.01). It was concluded that the levels of aggression increased in children and adolescents who were involved in criminal activities when the SIBs increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sait Ozsoy
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Gulhane Military Medical Academy Medical School, Ankara, 06018, Turkey
| | - Koray Kara
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Gulhane Military Medical Academy Medical School, Ankara, 06018, Turkey
| | - Hacer Y Teke
- Forensic Science Department, Ministry of Justice, Ankara, 06300, Turkey
| | - Turker Turker
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Gulhane Military Medical Academy Medical School, Ankara, 06018, Turkey
| | - Mehmet A Congologlu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Gulhane Military Medical Academy Medical School, Ankara, 06018, Turkey
| | - Sermet Sezigen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Gulhane Military Medical Academy Medical School, Ankara, 06018, Turkey
| | - Tulay Renklidag
- Forensic Science Department, Ministry of Justice, Ankara, 06300, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Karapirli
- Forensic Science Department, Ministry of Justice, Ankara, 06300, Turkey
| | - Gulnaz T Javan
- Department of Physical Sciences, Forensic Science Program, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, 36104
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195
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Karrouri R. [Self-injury in hospitalized patients: Concerning 19 cases]. Encephale 2016; 43:212-216. [PMID: 27349582 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Self-mutilating behaviour is expanding, especially among adolescents and patients with a psychiatric disorder. CLINICAL MATERIAL We have tried to describe the self-mutilating behaviour in Moroccan inpatients of the psychiatric department of Mohammed V Military Hospital of Rabat, through a prospective and descriptive longitudinal study over a period of four months, based on a questionnaire prepared according to the literature data to allow discussing its results. RESULTS The rate of participation was 90.4%, or 19 patients. All patients were male. The age of onset of self-injury was between 14 and 62 years with an average of 26.3 years. Only two patients had an age of onset in adolescence, before age 20, the majority (57.8%) in a young adult age. Eight patients (42.1%) report having experienced physical abuse while only four patients were sexually abused, especially by relatives. The number of episodes varied from one episode in twelve cases (63.15%), to seven cases (37%) with repetitive self-mutilation. The most common type of self-injury was cuts (16 cases), twelve patients inflicted burns, and two patients inflicted fist blows. The forearm was the most common location. All patients were unable to resist the pressing need to self-harm after various reasons, often in a relational or professional frustration state. The use of concomitant substances to self-mutilation was reported in nine episodes, alcohol in seven episodes (24.1%) and cannabis in three episodes (10.3%). Only five patients reported receiving medical care for physical consequences of self-harm. Only two patients underwent a psychiatric care following their self-mutilation and admitted to our service. Personality disorders was the psychiatric disorder most diagnosed in our sample, followed by mood disorders. Borderline personality disorder was the pathological personality disorder most commonly diagnosed in our study with nearly two thirds of cases, followed by antisocial personality. DISCUSSION The size of our population and the prevalence of self-harm are comparable to most studies on self-mutilation in clinical populations. The low prevalence of patients beginning this behaviour early was low in our population, explained by the pre-commitment visits, which limit their integration into the military body. The role of physical and sexual abuse in childhood in the development of self-harm behaviour in adolescence is still a subject of discussion, but shame and fear of the breakdown of the family union have significantly limited the mention of such a history by our patients. The use of self-harm to relieve an intolerable anger thus the absence of suicidal intent, confirms the difference between self-harm and suicide. The intolerant nature of the military environment to self-behaviour limits its repetition and allows their early management. The high frequency of personality disorders in our sample is consistent with studies indicating high levels in patients who self-harm, including borderline personality, and supports that the DSM-IV considers self-harm to be a diagnostic criterion of this personality disorder. CONCLUSION Self-injury is a common pathological behaviour and serious in its relational impact. Our present data collected mainly similarities with that of the literature. For cultural reasons, the self-mutilation in our sample is more linked to an impulse control problem than to childhood abuse. So the establishment of a system of care adapted to preserve the privacy of patients, understanding of self-harm, informing the general public and the early treatment of victims of abusive families seems essential to reduce expansion of this behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Karrouri
- Hôpital militaire Moulay Ismail, BP 16185, 50070 Meknès-kortoba, Meknès, Maroc.
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196
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Karakasi MV, Nastoulis E, Kapetanakis S, Vasilikos E, Kyropoulos G, Pavlidis P. Hesitation Wounds and Sharp Force Injuries in Forensic Pathology and Psychiatry: Multidisciplinary Review of the Literature and Study of Two Cases. J Forensic Sci 2016; 61:1515-1523. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Valeria Karakasi
- Adult Psychiatry, Psychiatric Department; G. Papanikolaou General Hospital of Thessaloniki; GR 57010 Exohi Asvestoxori Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Evangelos Nastoulis
- Laboratory of Forensic Sciences; School of Medicine; Democritus University of Thrace; GR 68100 Alexandroupolis Greece
| | - Stylianos Kapetanakis
- Department of Anatomy; School of Medicine; Democritus University of Thrace; GR 68100 Alexandroupolis Greece
| | - Epameinondas Vasilikos
- Adult Psychiatry, Psychiatric Department; G. Papanikolaou General Hospital of Thessaloniki; GR 57010 Exohi Asvestoxori Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Grigorios Kyropoulos
- Adult Psychiatry, Psychiatric Department; G. Papanikolaou General Hospital of Thessaloniki; GR 57010 Exohi Asvestoxori Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Pavlos Pavlidis
- Laboratory of Forensic Sciences; School of Medicine; Democritus University of Thrace; GR 68100 Alexandroupolis Greece
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Filip-Crawford G, Neuberg SL. Homosexuality and Pro-Gay Ideology as Pathogens? Implications of a Disease-Spread Lay Model for Understanding Anti-Gay Behaviors. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2016; 20:332-364. [DOI: 10.1177/1088868315601613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Negative behaviors targeting gay men and lesbians range from violent physical assault to casting a vote against gay marriage, with very different implications for those targeted. Existing accounts of such actions, however, are unable to differentially predict specific anti-gay behaviors, leaving a large theoretical hole in the literature and hindering the design of effective interventions. We propose (a) that many sexually prejudiced laypersons conceptualize homosexuality and pro-gay ideology as “contaminants” analogous to infectious pathogens and (b) that anti-gay behaviors can thus be viewed as strategic attempts to prevent, contain, treat, or eradicate the “pathogens” of homosexuality and pro-gay ideology. By considering analogues to disease-spread processes (e.g., susceptibility of specific subpopulations, inoculation procedures, prevalence in the local environment, interconnections among community members), we derive novel predictions regarding the incidence and nature of anti-gay behaviors and provide leverage for creating more tailored interventions to reduce such discrimination.
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198
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Jackman K, Honig J, Bockting W. Nonsuicidal self-injury among lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender populations: an integrative review. J Clin Nurs 2016; 25:3438-3453. [DOI: 10.1111/jocn.13236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Jackman
- Columbia University School of Nursing; New York NY USA
| | - Judy Honig
- Columbia University School of Nursing; New York NY USA
- Columbia University Medical Center; New York NY USA
- Academic Affairs; Columbia University School of Nursing; New York NY USA
| | - Walter Bockting
- Division of Gender, Sexuality, & Health, New York State Psychiatric Institute / Columbia Psychiatry and the Columbia University School of Nursing; New York NY USA
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Polanco A. A Tinbergian review of self-injurious behaviors in laboratory rhesus macaques. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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200
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Nonsuicidal self-injury and suicide attempts among ED patients older than 50 years: comparison of risk factors and ED visit outcomes. Am J Emerg Med 2016; 34:1016-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2016.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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