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Guo Z, Chen R, Zhang F, Ding M, Wang P. Exendin-4 relieves the inhibitory effects of high glucose on the proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 91:9-16. [PMID: 29621668 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the impaired regenerative potential in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are regarded as an attractive source of stem cells for periodontal cytotherapy. Recent studies have shown that Exendin-4 (Ex-4) exerts cell-protective effects and bone remodeling ability on many types of cells. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Ex-4 alleviates the inhibition of high glucose on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. METHODS PDLSCs were incubated in medium supplemented with 5.5 mM d-glucose (NG), 30 mM d-glucose (HG), NG plus Ex-4, and HG plus different concentration (1, 10, 20, 100 nM) of Ex-4 respectively. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay and cell cycle analysis. Osteogenesis was assessed by Alizarin Red S staining and evaluation of the mRNA expression of Runx2, ALP and Osx at day 7, 14 and 21. Intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected using 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2',7'-dichlorodihydro-fluorescein diacetate (CMH2DCF-DA). RESULTS The proliferation ability, mineralized nodules forming capacity and the mRNA expression of Runx2, ALP and Osx of PDLSCs in HG group were decreased, the ROS level was increased compared to NG group. With the treatment of Ex-4, the HG-inhibited proliferation ability and osteogenic differentiation ability of PDLSCs were significantly reversed, the HG-increased ROS level could be down-regulated. Moreover, Ex-4 enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of normal PDLSCs. CONCLUSIONS Ex-4 alleviates the inhibitory effect of HG on the proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of PDLSCs, and has a significant enhance in the osteoblastic differentiation of normal PDLSCs, giving new insights into the possible therapeutic method of diabetic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Guo
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fujun Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ming Ding
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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152
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Safari S, Mahdian A, Motamedian SR. Applications of stem cells in orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics: Current trends and future perspectives. World J Stem Cells 2018; 10:66-77. [PMID: 29988866 PMCID: PMC6033713 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v10.i6.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple overview of daily orthodontic practice involves use of brackets, wires and elastomeric modules. However, investigating the underlying effect of orthodontic forces shows various molecular and cellular changes. Also, orthodontics is in close relation with dentofacial orthopedics which involves bone regeneration. In this review current and future applications of stem cells (SCs) in orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics have been discussed. For craniofacial anomalies, SCs have been applied to regenerate hard tissue (such as treatment of alveolar cleft) and soft tissue (such as treatment of hemifacial macrosomia). Several attempts have been done to reconstruct impaired temporomandibular joint. Also, SCs with or without bone scaffolds and growth factors have been used to regenerate bone following distraction osteogenesis of mandibular bone or maxillary expansion. Current evidence shows that SCs also have potential to be used to regenerate infrabony alveolar defects and move the teeth into regenerated areas. Future application of SCs in orthodontics could involve accelerating tooth movement, regenerating resorbed roots and expanding tooth movement limitations. However, evidence supporting these roles is weak and further studies are required to evaluate the possibility of these ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Safari
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13819, Iran
| | - Arezoo Mahdian
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13819, Iran
| | - Saeed Reza Motamedian
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13819, Iran
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153
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Chopra H, Liao C, Zhang CF, Pow EHN. Lapine periodontal ligament stem cells for musculoskeletal research in preclinical animal trials. J Transl Med 2018; 16:174. [PMID: 29929550 PMCID: PMC6013849 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1551-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) have been shown to be a reliable source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). On the other hand, rabbits have been commonly used in preclinical trials for musculoskeletal research. However, there is a lack of sufficient data on using rabbit periodontal ligament stem cells (rPDLSCs) for regenerative dentistry. This study, for the first time, comprehensively compared rPDLSCs against hPDLSCs in terms of clonogenicity, growth potential, multi-differential capacity and surface antigens. Methods Periodontal ligament (PDL) was obtained from the rabbit and human teeth. rPDL and hPDL cells were isolated from PDL using enzymatic digestion method. After culturing for 2 weeks, the cells were first analyzed microscopically. STRO-1+CD146+ PDLSCs were then sorted from PDL cells by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) followed by examination of CD34, CD45, CD90, vimentin and desmin markers. The cells were also evaluated by immunohistocytochemical and multi-differentiation potential tests. The clonogenicity and growth of PDL cells were analyzed by Independent T test and 2-way repeated measures ANOVA respectively. Results rPDL cells were broader and less elongated as compared to hPDL cells. STRO-1+CD146+ hPDLSCs were isolated from hPDL cells but not from the rPDL cells. Therefore, heterogeneous population of rabbit and human PDL cells were subsequently used for latter comparative studies. FACS analysis and immunohistocytochemistry revealed that rPDL cells were partially positive for STRO-1 as compared to hPDL cells. Furthermore, both rPDL cells and hPDL cells were positive for CD146, CD90, vimentin, and desmin, while negative for CD34 and CD45. No difference in clonogenicity between rPDL and hPDL cells was found (p > 0.05). The proliferative potential of rPDL cells displayed significantly slower growth as compared to hPDL cells (p < 0.05). Osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation potential was comparatively less in rPDL cells than that of hPDL cells, but the neurogenic differential potential was similar. Conclusion Although rPDL cells manifested variable differences in expression of stem cell markers and multi-differential potential as compared to hPDL cells, they demonstrated the attributes of stemness. Further studies are also required to validate if the regenerative potential of rPDL cells is similar to rPDLSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chopra
- Discipline of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - C Liao
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - C F Zhang
- Discipline of Endodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - E H N Pow
- Discipline of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China. .,3/F, The Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong, China.
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154
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Local icariin application enhanced periodontal tissue regeneration and relieved local inflammation in a minipig model of periodontitis. Int J Oral Sci 2018; 10:19. [PMID: 29895944 PMCID: PMC5997630 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-018-0020-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory autoimmune disease. Treatment should alleviate inflammation, regulate the immune reaction and promote periodontal tissue regeneration. Icariin is the main active ingredient of Epimedii Folium, and it is a promising compound for the enhancement of mesenchymal stem cell function, promotion of bone formation, inhibition of bone resorption, alleviation of inflammation and regulation of immunity. The study investigated the effect of icariin on periodontal tissue regeneration in a minipig model of periodontitis. The minipig model of periodontitis was established. Icariin was injected locally. The periodontal clinical assessment index, a computed tomography (CT) scan, histopathology and enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) were used to evaluate the effects of icariin. Quantitative analysis results 12 weeks post-injection demonstrated that probing depth, gingival recession, attachment loss and alveolar bone regeneration values were (3.72 ± 1.18) mm vs. (6.56 ± 1.47) mm, (1.67 ± 0.59) mm vs. (2.38 ± 0.61) mm, (5.56 ± 1.29) mm vs. (8.61 ± 1.72) mm, and (25.65 ± 5.13) mm3 vs. (9.48 ± 1.78) mm3 in the icariin group and 0.9% NaCl group, respectively. The clinical assessment, CT scan, and histopathology results demonstrated significant enhancement of periodontal tissue regeneration in the icariin group compared to the 0.9% NaCl group. The ELISA results suggested that the concentration of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in the icariin group was downregulated compared to the 0.9% NaCl group, which indicates that local injection of icariin relieved local inflammation in a minipig model of periodontitis. Local injection of icariin promoted periodontal tissue regeneration and exerted anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory function. These results support the application of icariin for the clinical treatment of periodontitis. A Chinese herbal supplement could treat an inflammatory autoimmune disease of the tissues surrounding the teeth. Zhipeng Fan and colleagues at Capital Medical University in Beijing, China found reduced inflammation and improved tissue regeneration in induced periodontitis in miniature pigs, three months following local injections with the Chinese herbal extract icariin. Periodontitis is an overactive immune response to bacterial invasion in the gums, leading to the breakdown of supportive tissue and bone, and potential tooth loss. Clinical assessment, CT scans and microscopic examination showed icariin injections promoted gum and bone regeneration, possibly by stimulating local stem cells. It also reduced signs of inflammation, including significantly decreasing the expression of IL-1β, an immune response mediator. Further studies are needed to confirm icariin’s mode of action and optimal dosage for potential clinical use.
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155
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Angelopoulos I, Brizuela C, Khoury M. Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cells Outperform Haploidentical Dental Pulp-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Proliferation Rate, Migration Ability, and Angiogenic Potential. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:967-978. [PMID: 29770705 PMCID: PMC6050910 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718759649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
High donor variation makes comparison studies between different dental sources dubious. Dental tissues offer a rare opportunity for comparing the biological characteristics of haploidentical mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from the same donor. The objective was to identify the optimal dental source of MSCs through a biological and functional comparison of haploidentical MSCs from gingival (GMSCs) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) focusing mainly on their angiogenic potential. The comparison study included (1) surface markers expression, (2) mesodermal differentiation capacity (chondrogenic, adipogenic, and osteogenic), (3) proliferation, (4) migration potential, (5) ability to form colony units, and (6) angiogenic potential in vitro and in vivo. Comparative analysis showed no difference in the immunophenotypic profile nor for the trilineage differentiation potential. Proliferation of GMSCs was higher than DPSCs at day 6 (2.6-fold higher, P < 0.05). GMSCs showed superior migratory capacity compared to DPSCs at 4, 8, and 12 h (2.1-, 1.5-, and 1.2-fold higher, respectively, P < 0.05). Furthermore, GMSCs formed a higher number of colony units for both cell concentrations (1.7- and 1.4-fold higher for 150 and 250 starting cells, respectively, P < 0.05). GMSCs showed an improved angiogenic capacity compared to DPSCs (total tube lengths 1.17-fold higher and 1.5-fold total loops, P < 0.05). This was correlated with an enhanced release of vascular growth factor under hypoxic conditions. Finally, in the plug transplantation assay evaluating the angiogenesis in vivo, the DPSC and GMSC hemoglobin content was 3.9- and 4-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the control (Matrigel alone). GMSCs were superior to their haploidentical DPSCs in proliferation, migration, and angiogenic potentials. This study positions GMSCs in the forefront of dental cell sources for applications in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Angelopoulos
- 1 Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,2 Consorcio Regenero, Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Brizuela
- 3 Centro de Investigación en Biología y Regeneración Oral (CIBRO), Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Chile
| | - Maroun Khoury
- 1 Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,2 Consorcio Regenero, Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile.,4 Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile
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156
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Li G, Han N, Yang H, Wang L, Lin X, Diao S, Du J, Dong R, Wang S, Fan Z. Homeobox C10 inhibits the osteogenic differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells. Connect Tissue Res 2018; 59:201-211. [PMID: 28605223 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2017.1341496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a reliable cell source for tissue regeneration. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the directed differentiation of MSCs remain unclear which impedes potential clinical applications. Recent studies have discovered that Homeobox (HOX) genes are involved in the differentiation regulation of MSCs and bone formation. In this study, we investigate the HOXC10 function in the osteogenic differentiation potential of MSCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were used in this study. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assays, ALP staining, Alizarin red staining, quantitative calcium analysis, osteogenesis-associated gene expression, and in vivo transplantation experiments were used to study osteogenic differentiation potential. RESULTS Our results showed that overexpression of HOXC10 in SCAPs inhibited ALP activity and mineralization in vitro and decreased the mRNA expression of collagen alpha-1 (I) chain, bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin, and a key transcription factor, runt-related transcription factor 2, in SCAPs. Depletion of HOXC10 promoted osteogenic differentiation in SCAPs in vitro. In addition, in vivo transplantation experiments in nude mice confirmed that SCAPs osteogenesis was triggered when HOXC10 was downregulated. Furthermore, depletion of HOXC10 also enhanced osteogenic differentiation in ADSCs. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results indicated that HOXC10 decreased the MSC osteogenic differentiation potential. Thus, inhibition of HOXC10 in MSCs might have the potential to improve tissue regeneration and provide insight into the mechanism underlying the directed differentiation of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Li
- a Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction , Capital Medical University School of Stomatology , Beijing , China.,b Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction , Capital Medical University School of Stomatology , Beijing , China
| | - Nannan Han
- a Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction , Capital Medical University School of Stomatology , Beijing , China.,c Department of Periodontology , Capital Medical University School of Stomatology , Beijing , China
| | - Haoqing Yang
- a Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction , Capital Medical University School of Stomatology , Beijing , China
| | - Liping Wang
- a Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction , Capital Medical University School of Stomatology , Beijing , China
| | - Xiao Lin
- a Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction , Capital Medical University School of Stomatology , Beijing , China.,d Department of Implant Dentistry , Capital Medical University School of Stomatology , Beijing , China
| | - Shu Diao
- a Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction , Capital Medical University School of Stomatology , Beijing , China.,e Department of Pediatric Dentistry , Capital Medical University School of Stomatology , Beijing , China
| | - Juan Du
- a Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction , Capital Medical University School of Stomatology , Beijing , China
| | - Rui Dong
- a Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction , Capital Medical University School of Stomatology , Beijing , China
| | - Songlin Wang
- b Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction , Capital Medical University School of Stomatology , Beijing , China.,f Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Zhipeng Fan
- a Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction , Capital Medical University School of Stomatology , Beijing , China
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157
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Villegas-Mercado CE, Agredano-Moreno LT, Bermúdez M, Segura-Valdez ML, Arzate H, Del Toro-Rangel EF, Jiménez-García LF. Cementum protein 1 transfection does not lead to ultrastructural changes in nucleolar organization of human gingival fibroblasts. J Periodontal Res 2018; 53:636-642. [PMID: 29704248 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Transfection of cementum protein 1 (CEMP1) into human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) notably increases cell metabolism and results in overexpression of molecules related to biomineralization at transcriptional and protein levels. Therefore, HGF-CEMP1 cells are considered as putative cementoblasts. This represents a significant advance in periodontal research because cementum neoformation is a key event in periodontal regeneration. In addition, it is well known that important changes in cell metabolism and protein expression are related to nucleolar structure and the function of this organelle, which is implicated in ribosome biogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of transfecting CEMP1 gene in human HGF on the ultrastructure of the nucleolus. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cells were processed using the conventional technique for transmission electron microscopy, fixed with glutaraldehyde, postfixed with osmium tetraoxide, and embedded in epoxy resin. Semi-thin sections were stained with Toluidine blue and observed by light microscopy. Thin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. For ribonucleoprotein detection, the staining method based on the regressive effect of EDTA was used. In addition, the osmium ammine technique was used for specific staining of DNA. RESULTS The results obtained in this study suggest that transfection of CEMP1 into HGFs does not produce changes in the general nucleolar ultrastructure because the different components of the organelle are present as fibrillary centers, and dense fibrillar and granular components compared with the control. CONCLUSION The transfection of CEMP1 into HGFs allows these cells to perform cementoblast-like functions without alteration of the ultrastructure of the nucleolus, evaluated by the presence of the different compartments of this organelle involved in ribosomal biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Villegas-Mercado
- Faculty of Sciences, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, National Autonomous University of México (UNAM), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.,Faculty of Sciences, Department of Cell Biology, Cell Nano-Biology Laboratory, National Autonomous University of México (UNAM), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - L T Agredano-Moreno
- Faculty of Sciences, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, National Autonomous University of México (UNAM), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.,Faculty of Sciences, Department of Cell Biology, Cell Nano-Biology Laboratory, National Autonomous University of México (UNAM), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - M Bermúdez
- School of Higher Education of Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of México (UNAM), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - M L Segura-Valdez
- Faculty of Sciences, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, National Autonomous University of México (UNAM), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.,Faculty of Sciences, Department of Cell Biology, Cell Nano-Biology Laboratory, National Autonomous University of México (UNAM), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - H Arzate
- Faculty of Dentistry, Periodontal Biology Laboratory, DEPeI, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - E F Del Toro-Rangel
- Faculty of Sciences, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, National Autonomous University of México (UNAM), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.,Faculty of Sciences, Department of Cell Biology, Cell Nano-Biology Laboratory, National Autonomous University of México (UNAM), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - L F Jiménez-García
- Faculty of Sciences, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, National Autonomous University of México (UNAM), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.,Faculty of Sciences, Department of Cell Biology, Cell Nano-Biology Laboratory, National Autonomous University of México (UNAM), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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158
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Liu L, Liu K, Yan Y, Chu Z, Tang Y, Tang C. Two Transcripts of FBXO5 Promote Migration and Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Mesenchymal Stem Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7849294. [PMID: 29850565 PMCID: PMC5933072 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7849294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Enhanced migration and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are beneficial for MSC-mediated periodontal tissue regeneration, a promising method for periodontitis treatment. FBXO5, a member of the F-box protein family, is involved in the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Here, we investigated the effect of FBXO5 on human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS hPDLSCs were isolated from periodontal ligament tissue. Lentivirus FBXO5 shRNA was used to silence FBXO5 expression. Two transcripts of FBXO5 were overexpressed and transduced into hPDLSCs via retroviral infection. Migration and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs were evaluated using the scratch migration assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, ALP staining, alizarin red staining, western blotting, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The expression of FBXO5 was upregulated after osteogenic induction in hPDLSCs. FBXO5 knockdown attenuated migration, inhibited ALP activity and mineralization, and decreased RUNX2, OSX, and OCN expression, while the overexpression of two transcript isoforms significantly accelerated migration, enhanced ALP activity and mineralization, and increased RUNX2, OSX, and OCN expression in hPDLSCs. CONCLUSIONS Both isoforms of FBXO5 promoted the migration and osteogenic differentiation potential of hPDLSCs, which identified a potential target for improving periodontal tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanzhe Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Chu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunbo Tang
- Department of Dental Implantology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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159
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Lee SJ, Yi T, Ahn SH, Lim DK, Kim SN, Lee HJ, Cho YK, Lim JY, Sung JH, Yun JH, Lim J, Song SU, Kwon SW. Comparative study on metabolite level in tissue-specific human mesenchymal stem cells by an ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1024:112-122. [PMID: 29776537 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising therapeutic option for cell-based therapy due to their immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. They can be isolated from various adult tissues, including bone marrow, fat, dental tissue, and glandular tissue. Although they share common characteristics, little is known about the biological differences between MSC populations derived from different tissues. In this study, we used MS to compare the endogenous metabolite level in the human MSCs originating from the bone marrow, adipose tissue, periodontal ligaments, and salivary glands. Using an optimized metabolomics technique, we verified that human MSCs exhibit differences in the endogenous metabolite level depending on their source material, while the multivariate analysis showed that 5 lysophosphatidylcholines and 3 lysophosphatidylethanolamines can serve as markers for the discrimination between MSC sources and may be related to differences in their differentiation capacity. These results may significantly contribute to further mechanistic studies on the MSCs and provide novel insights into the properties and optimal usage of MSCs from different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul Ji Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Soo Hyun Ahn
- Department of Mathematics, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Dong Kyu Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Si-Na Kim
- SCM Lifescience Co. Ltd., Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Joo Lee
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Sciences, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | | | - Jae-Yol Lim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hyuk Sung
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Yun
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Johan Lim
- Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun U Song
- SCM Lifescience Co. Ltd., Incheon, South Korea; Department of Integrated Biomedical Sciences, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Sung Won Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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160
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Gaubys A, Papeckys V, Pranskunas M. Use of Autologous Stem Cells for the Regeneration of Periodontal Defects in Animal Studies: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Oral Maxillofac Res 2018; 9:e3. [PMID: 30116515 PMCID: PMC6090251 DOI: 10.5037/jomr.2018.9203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To overview preclinical animal trials and quantify the effect size that stem cell therapy has on the regeneration of periodontal tissue complex. MATERIAL AND METHODS A systematic MEDLINE (PubMed) online library search was conducted for preclinical animal studies in vivo , using autologous periodontal ligament, dental pulp, cementum, alveolar periosteal, gingival margin or adipose stem cell types for periodontal tissue complex regeneration purposes. Studies had to be published between 2007.09.01 and 2017.09.01 in the English language. RESULTS Online library search yielded 2099 results. After the title, abstract and full-text screening ten studies fit inclusion criteria and were pooled into meta-analysis. Overall the stem cell regenerative therapy had a statistically significant positive influence on the periodontal tissue regeneration when compared to the control groups. The biggest influence was made to the regeneration of cementum (standardised mean difference [SMD] 2.25 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.31 to 3.2]) while the smallest influence was made to the alveolar bone (SMD 1.47 [95% CI = 0.7 to 2.25]) the effect size for periodontal ligament regeneration was (SMD 1.8 [95% CI = 1 to 2.59]). Subgroup analysis showed statistically significant (P < 0.05) differences between different cell types in the alveolar bone and cementum regeneration groups and in alveolar bone group in relation to scaffold materials. CONCLUSIONS Stem cell therapy has a positive impact on periodontal tissue complex regeneration. Such therapy has the biggest influence on cementum regeneration meanwhile alveolar bone regeneration is influenced by the least amount. However more and less diverse preclinical studies are needed to have a greater statistical power in future meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Algimantas Gaubys
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, KaunasLithuania.
| | - Valdas Papeckys
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, KaunasLithuania.
| | - Mindaugas Pranskunas
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, KaunasLithuania.
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161
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Hernández-Monjaraz B, Santiago-Osorio E, Monroy-García A, Ledesma-Martínez E, Mendoza-Núñez VM. Mesenchymal Stem Cells of Dental Origin for Inducing Tissue Regeneration in Periodontitis: A Mini-Review. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E944. [PMID: 29565801 PMCID: PMC5979585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19040944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic disease that begins with a period of inflammation of the supporting tissues of the teeth table and then progresses, destroying the tissues until loss of the teeth occurs. The restoration of the damaged dental support apparatus is an extremely complex process due to the regeneration of the cementum, the periodontal ligament, and the alveolar bone. Conventional treatment relies on synthetic materials that fill defects and replace lost dental tissue, but these approaches are not substitutes for a real regeneration of tissue. To address this, there are several approaches to tissue engineering for regenerative dentistry, among them, the use of stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can be obtained from various sources of adult tissues, such as bone marrow, adipose tissue, skin, and tissues of the orofacial area. MSC of dental origin, such as those found in the bone marrow, have immunosuppressive and immunotolerant properties, multipotency, high proliferation rates, and the capacity for tissue repair. However, they are poorly used as sources of tissue for therapeutic purposes. Their accessibility makes them an attractive source of mesenchymal stem cells, so this review describes the field of dental stem cell research and proposes a potential mechanism involved in periodontal tissue regeneration induced by dental MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Hernández-Monjaraz
- Research Unit on Gerontology, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 09230 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Edelmiro Santiago-Osorio
- Haematopoiesis and Leukaemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 09230 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Alberto Monroy-García
- Immunology and Cancer Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center, IMSS, 09230 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Edgar Ledesma-Martínez
- Haematopoiesis and Leukaemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 09230 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Víctor Manuel Mendoza-Núñez
- Research Unit on Gerontology, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 09230 Mexico City, Mexico.
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162
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Kou X, Xu X, Chen C, Sanmillan ML, Cai T, Zhou Y, Giraudo C, Le A, Shi S. The Fas/Fap-1/Cav-1 complex regulates IL-1RA secretion in mesenchymal stem cells to accelerate wound healing. Sci Transl Med 2018; 10:eaai8524. [PMID: 29540618 PMCID: PMC6310133 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aai8524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are capable of secreting exosomes, extracellular vesicles, and cytokines to regulate cell and tissue homeostasis. However, it is unknown whether MSCs use a specific exocytotic fusion mechanism to secrete exosomes and cytokines. We show that Fas binds with Fas-associated phosphatase-1 (Fap-1) and caveolin-1 (Cav-1) to activate a common soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) attachment protein receptor (SNARE)-mediated membrane fusion mechanism to release small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) in MSCs. Moreover, we reveal that MSCs produce and secrete interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) associated with sEVs to maintain rapid wound healing in the gingiva via the Fas/Fap-1/Cav-1 cascade. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) serves as an activator to up-regulate Fas and Fap-1 expression via the nuclear factor κB pathway to promote IL-1RA release. This study identifies a previously unknown Fas/Fap-1/Cav-1 axis that regulates SNARE-mediated sEV and IL-1RA secretion in stem cells, which contributes to accelerated wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxing Kou
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, #22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xingtian Xu
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Chider Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Maria Laura Sanmillan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tao Cai
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20982, USA
| | - Yanheng Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, #22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Claudio Giraudo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anh Le
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Songtao Shi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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163
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Wu Y, Xia H, Zhang B, Zhao Y, Wang Y. Assessment of polyglycolic acid scaffolds for periodontal ligament regeneration. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2018.1437358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wu
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering, Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Haibin Xia
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering, Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Bi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering, Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering, Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yining Wang
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering, Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
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164
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Shuai Y, Ma Y, Guo T, Zhang L, Yang R, Qi M, Liu W, Jin Y. Dental Stem Cells and Tooth Regeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1107:41-52. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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165
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Hamano S, Tomokiyo A, Hasegawa D, Yoshida S, Sugii H, Mitarai H, Fujino S, Wada N, Maeda H. Extracellular Matrix from Periodontal Ligament Cells Could Induce the Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell-Like Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 27:100-111. [PMID: 29160151 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The periodontal ligament (PDL) plays an important role in anchoring teeth in the bone socket. Damage to the PDL, such as after severe inflammation, can be treated with a therapeutic strategy that uses stem cells derived from PDL tissue (PDLSCs), a strategy that has received intense scrutiny over the past decade. However, there is an insufficient number of PDLSCs within the PDL for treating such damage. Therefore, we sought to induce the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells into PDLSCs as an initial step toward PDL therapy. To this end, we first induced iPS cells into neural crest (NC)-like cells. We then captured the p75 neurotrophic receptor-positive cells (iPS-NC cells) and cultured them on an extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by human PDL cells (iPS-NC-PDL cells). These iPS-NC-PDL cells showed reduced expression of embryonic stem cell and NC cell markers as compared with iPS and iPS-NC cells, and enrichment of mesenchymal stem cell markers. The cells also had a higher proliferative capacity, multipotency, and elevated expression of PDL-related markers than iPS-NC cells cultured on fibronectin and laminin (iPS-NC-FL cells) or ECM produced by human skin fibroblast cells (iPS-NC-SF cells). Overall, we present a culture method to produce high number of PDLSC-like cells from iPS cells as a first step toward a strategy for PDL regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Hamano
- 1 Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University , Fukuoka, Japan .,2 OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University , Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tomokiyo
- 3 Department of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital , Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daigaku Hasegawa
- 3 Department of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital , Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Yoshida
- 3 Department of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital , Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideki Sugii
- 3 Department of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital , Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiromi Mitarai
- 3 Department of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital , Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shoko Fujino
- 1 Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University , Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naohisa Wada
- 4 Division of General Dentistry, Kyushu University Hospital , Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Maeda
- 1 Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University , Fukuoka, Japan .,3 Department of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital , Fukuoka, Japan
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166
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Zhang J, Ma S, Liu Z, Geng H, Lu X, Zhang X, Li H, Gao C, Zhang X, Gao P. Guided bone regeneration with asymmetric collagen-chitosan membranes containing aspirin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:8855-8866. [PMID: 29276386 PMCID: PMC5733920 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s148179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Membranes allowing the sustained release of drugs that can achieve cell adhesion are very promising for guided bone regeneration. Previous studies have suggested that aspirin has the potential to promote bone regeneration. The purpose of this study was to prepare a local drug delivery system with aspirin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (ACS) contained in an asymmetric collagen-chitosan membrane (CCM). Methods In this study, the ACS were fabricated using different concentrations of aspirin (5 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg, and 75 mg). The drug release behavior of ACS was studied. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to examine the micromorphology of ACS and aspirin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles contained in chitosan-collagen membranes (ACS-CCM). In vitro bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were cultured and critical-sized cranial defects on Sprague-Dawley rats were made to evaluate the effect of the ACS-CCM on bone regeneration. Results Drug release behavior results of ACS showed that the nanoparticles fabricated in this study could successfully sustain the release of the drug. TEM showed the morphology of the nanoparticles. SEM images indicated that the asymmetric membrane comprised a loose collagen layer and a dense chitosan layer. In vitro studies showed that ACS-CCM could promote the proliferation of BMSCs, and that the degree of differentiated BMSCs seeded on CCMs containing 50 mg of ACS was higher than that of other membranes. Micro-computed tomography showed that 50 mg of ACS-CCM resulted in enhanced bone regeneration compared with the control group. Conclusion This study shows that the ACS-CCM would allow the sustained release of aspirin and have further osteogenic potential. This membrane is a promising therapeutic approach to guiding bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Zhang
- School of Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin
| | - Shiqing Ma
- School of Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin
| | - Zihao Liu
- School of Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin
| | - Hongjuan Geng
- School of Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin
| | - Xin Lu
- School of Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin
| | - Xi Zhang
- School of Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin
| | - Hongjie Li
- School of Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin
| | - Chenyuan Gao
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin
| | - Ping Gao
- School of Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin
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167
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Gu X, Li M, Jin Y, Liu D, Wei F. Identification and integrated analysis of differentially expressed lncRNAs and circRNAs reveal the potential ceRNA networks during PDLSC osteogenic differentiation. BMC Genet 2017; 18:100. [PMID: 29197342 PMCID: PMC5712120 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-017-0569-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Researchers have been exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying the control of periodontal ligament stem cell (PDLSC) osteogenic differentiation. Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) were shown to function as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) to regulate the effect of microRNAs (miRNAs) on their target genes during cell differentiation. However, comprehensive identification and integrated analysis of lncRNAs and circRNAs acting as ceRNAs during PDLSC osteogenic differentiation have not been performed. Results PDLSCs were derived from healthy human periodontal ligament and cultured separately with osteogenic induction and normal media for 7 days. Cultured PDLSCs were positive for STRO-1 and CD146 and negative for CD31 and CD45. Osteo-induced PDLSCs showed increased ALP (alkaline phosphatase) activity and up-regulated expression levels of the osteogenesis-related markers ALP, Runt-related transcription factor 2 and osteocalcin. Then, a total of 960 lncRNAs and 1456 circRNAs were found to be differentially expressed by RNA sequencing. The expression profiles of eight lncRNAs and eight circRNAs were measured with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and were shown to agree with the RNA-seq results. Furthermore, the potential functions of lncRNAs and circRNAs as ceRNAs were predicted based on miRanda and were investigated using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis. In total, 147 lncRNAs and 1382 circRNAs were predicted to combine with 148 common miRNAs and compete for miRNA binding sites with 744 messenger RNAs. These mRNAs were predicted to significantly participate in osteoblast differentiation, the MAPK pathway, the Wnt pathway and the signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells. Among them, lncRNAs coded as TCONS_00212979 and TCONS_00212984, as well as circRNA BANP and circRNA ITCH, might interact with miRNA34a and miRNA146a to regulate PDLSC osteogenic differentiation via the MAPK pathway. Conclusions This study comprehensively identified lncRNAs/circRNAs and first integrated their potential ceRNA function during PDLSC osteogenic differentiation. These findings suggest that specific lncRNAs and circRNAs might function as ceRNAs to promote PDLSC osteogenic differentiation and periodontal regeneration. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12863-017-0569-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuge Gu
- Department of Orthodontics, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road No. 44-1, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengying Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road No. 44-1, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Jin
- Department of Orthodontics, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road No. 44-1, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongxu Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road No. 44-1, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China. .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fulan Wei
- Department of Orthodontics, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road No. 44-1, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China. .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
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168
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Fawzy El-Sayed KM, Dörfer CE. Animal Models for Periodontal Tissue Engineering: A Knowledge-Generating Process. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2017; 23:900-925. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karim M. Fawzy El-Sayed
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christof E. Dörfer
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
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169
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Sachdeva S, Cobourne MT. Dental mesenchymal stem cell research—How much will it translate to clinical orthodontics? Semin Orthod 2017. [DOI: 10.1053/j.sodo.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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170
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MicroRNA-21 regulates Osteogenic Differentiation of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells by targeting Smad5. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16608. [PMID: 29192241 PMCID: PMC5709498 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16720-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from dental and craniofacial tissues that exhibit high potential for differentiation into osteoblasts. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been established to play important roles in MSC osteogenesis. In the current study, we report that miR-21 was down-regulated in osteogenically differentiated PDLSCs. Overexpression of miR-21 significantly inhibited osteogenesis of hPDLSC, whereas its inhibition demonstrated the opposite effects. Furthermore, SMAD family member 5 (Smad5) was predicted to be a downstream target of miR-21 and was shown to undergo up-regulation in PDLSCs induced toward osteogenesis. Moreover, Smad5 and Runx2, which are the critical transcription factors in osteogenic differentiation, were predicted to be targets of miR-21. Suppression of miR-21 expression increased the level of Smad5 in vitro and during in vivo transplantation experiments. Furthermore, suppression of Smad5 inhibited osteogenic differentiation and decreased the protein level of Runx2. Taken together, these results suggested that miR-21 be mechanistically implicated in the regulation of osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs by targeting Smad5.
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171
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Donos N, Park JC, Vajgel A, de Carvalho Farias B, Dereka X. Description of the periodontal pocket in preclinical models: limitations and considerations. Periodontol 2000 2017; 76:16-34. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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172
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Morsczeck C, Reichert TE. Dental stem cells in tooth regeneration and repair in the future. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2017; 18:187-196. [PMID: 29110535 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2018.1402004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human dental stem cells can be obtained from postnatal teeth, extracted wisdom teeth or exfoliated deciduous teeth. Due to their differentiation potential, these mesenchymal stem cells are promising for tooth repair. Therefore, the development of dental tissue regeneration represents a suitable but challenging, target for dental stem cell therapies. Areas covered: Expert opinion: AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors provide an overview of human dental stem cells and their properties for regeneration medicine. Numerous preclinical studies have shown that dental stem cells improve bone augmentation and healing of periodontal diseases. Clinical trials are ongoing to validate the clinical feasibility of these approaches. Dental stem cells are also important for basic research. EXPERT OPINION Dental stem cells offer numerous advantages for tooth repair and regeneration. Data obtained from different studies are encouraging. In the next few years, investigations on dental stem cells in basic research, pre-clinical research and clinical studies will pave the way to optimizing patient-tailored treatments for repair and regeneration of dental tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Morsczeck
- a Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery , Hospital of the University of Regensburg , Regensburg , Germany
| | - Torsten E Reichert
- a Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery , Hospital of the University of Regensburg , Regensburg , Germany
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173
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Kong F, Shi X, Xiao F, Yang Y, Zhang X, Wang LS, Wu CT, Wang H. Transplantation of Hepatocyte Growth Factor-Modified Dental Pulp Stem Cells Prevents Bone Loss in the Early Phase of Ovariectomy-Induced Osteoporosis. Hum Gene Ther 2017; 29:271-282. [PMID: 28950723 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2017.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigations based on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for osteoporosis have attracted attention recently. MSCs can be derived from various tissues, such as bone marrow, adipose, umbilical cord, placenta, and dental pulp. Among these, dental pulp-derived MSCs (DPSCs) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-modified DPSCs (DPSCs-HGF) highly express osteogenic-related genes and have stronger osteogenic differentiation capacities. DPSCs have more benefits in treating osteoporosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the roles of HGF gene-modified DPSCs in bone regeneration using a mouse model of ovariectomy (OVX)-induced bone loss. The HGF and luciferase genes were transferred into human DPSCs using recombinant adenovirus. These transduced cells were assayed for distribution or bone regeneration assay by transplantation into an OVX-induced osteoporosis model. By using bioluminogenic imaging, it was determined that some DPSCs could survive for >1 month in vivo. The DPSCs were mainly distributed to the lung in the early stage and to the liver in the late stage of OVX osteoporosis after administration, but they were scarcely distributed to the bone. The homing efficiency of DPSCs is higher when administrated in the early stage of a mouse OVX model. Micro-computed tomography indicated that DPSCs-Null or DPSCs-HGF transplantation significantly reduces OVX-induced bone loss in the trabecular bone of the distal femur metaphysis, and DPSCs-HGF show a stronger capacity to reduce bone loss. The data suggest that systemic infusion of DPSCs-HGF is a potential therapeutic approach for OVX-induced bone loss, which might be mediated by paracrine mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanxuan Kong
- 1 Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing, PR China .,2 Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology , Beijing, PR China
| | - Xuefeng Shi
- 1 Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing, PR China .,3 Department of Respiration, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital , Xining, PR China
| | - Fengjun Xiao
- 1 Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing, PR China .,2 Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology , Beijing, PR China
| | - Yuefeng Yang
- 1 Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing, PR China .,2 Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology , Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- 1 Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing, PR China .,2 Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology , Beijing, PR China
| | - Li-Sheng Wang
- 1 Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing, PR China .,2 Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology , Beijing, PR China
| | - Chu-Tse Wu
- 1 Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing, PR China .,2 Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology , Beijing, PR China
| | - Hua Wang
- 1 Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing, PR China .,2 Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology , Beijing, PR China
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174
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Wang T, Kang W, Du L, Ge S. Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 facilitates the proliferation, migration and pluripotency of human periodontal ligament stem cells. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:3100-3112. [PMID: 28661039 PMCID: PMC5661246 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The selective in vitro expansion and differentiation of multipotent stem cells are critical steps in cell-based regenerative therapies, while technical challenges have limited cell yield and thus affected the success of these potential treatments. The Rho GTPases and downstream Rho kinases are central regulators of cytoskeletal dynamics during cell cycle and determine the balance between stem cells self-renewal, lineage commitment and apoptosis. Trans-4-[(1R)-aminoethyl]-N-(4-pyridinyl)cylohexanecarboxamidedihydrochloride (Y-27632), Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, involves various cellular functions that include actin cytoskeleton organization, cell adhesion, cell motility and anti-apoptosis. Here, human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) were isolated by limiting dilution method. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK8), 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) labelling assay, cell apoptosis assay, cell migration assay, wound-healing assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, Alizarin Red S staining, Oil Red O staining, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to determine the effects of Y-27632 on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, stemness, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. Afterwards, Western blot analysis was performed to elucidate the mechanism of cell proliferation. The results indicated that Y-27632 significantly promoted cell proliferation, chemotaxis, wound healing, fat droplets formation and pluripotency, while inhibited ALP activity and mineral deposition. Furthermore, Y-27632 induced PDLSCs proliferation through extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signalling cascade. Therefore, control of Rho-kinase activity may enhance the efficiency of stem cell-based treatments for periodontal diseases and the strategy may have the potential to promote periodontal tissue regeneration by facilitating the chemotaxis of PDLSCs to the injured site, and then enhancing the proliferation of these cells and maintaining their pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue RegenerationSchool of StomatologyShandong UniversityJinanChina
- Department of PeriodontologySchool of StomatologyShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Wenyan Kang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue RegenerationSchool of StomatologyShandong UniversityJinanChina
- Department of PeriodontologySchool of StomatologyShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Lingqian Du
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue RegenerationSchool of StomatologyShandong UniversityJinanChina
- Department of StomatologyThe Second Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Shaohua Ge
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue RegenerationSchool of StomatologyShandong UniversityJinanChina
- Department of PeriodontologySchool of StomatologyShandong UniversityJinanChina
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175
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Sui BD, Hu CH, Liu AQ, Zheng CX, Xuan K, Jin Y. Stem cell-based bone regeneration in diseased microenvironments: Challenges and solutions. Biomaterials 2017; 196:18-30. [PMID: 29122279 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Restoration of extensive bone loss and defects remain as an unfulfilled challenge in modern medicine. Given the critical contributions to bone homeostasis and diseases, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown great promise to jumpstart and facilitate bone healing, with immense regenerative potential in both pharmacology-based endogenous MSC rescue/mobilization in skeletal diseases and emerging application of MSC transplantation in bone tissue engineering and cytotherapy. However, efficacy of MSC-based bone regeneration was not always achieved; particularly, fulfillment of MSC-mediated bone healing in diseased microenvironments of host comorbidities remains as a major challenge. Indeed, impacts of diseased microenvironments on MSC function rely not only on the dynamic regulation of resident MSCs by surrounding niche to convoy pathological signals of bone, but also on the profound interplay between transplanted MSCs and recipient components that mediates and modulates therapeutic effects on skeletal conditions. Accordingly, novel solutions have recently been developed, including improving resistance of MSCs to diseased microenvironments, recreating beneficial microenvironments to guarantee MSC-based regeneration, and usage of subcellular vesicles of MSCs in cell-free therapies. In this review, we summarize state-of-the-art knowledge regarding applications and challenges of MSC-mediated bone healing, further offering principles and effective strategies to optimize MSC-based bone regeneration in aging and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Dong Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Cheng-Hu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - An-Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Chen-Xi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Kun Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
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176
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Han N, Zhang F, Li G, Zhang X, Lin X, Yang H, Wang L, Cao Y, Du J, Fan Z. Local application of IGFBP5 protein enhanced periodontal tissue regeneration via increasing the migration, cell proliferation and osteo/dentinogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in an inflammatory niche. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:210. [PMID: 28962660 PMCID: PMC5622495 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0663-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontitis is a widespread infectious disease ultimately resulting in tooth loss. The number of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in patients with periodontitis is decreased, and MSC functions are impaired. Rescuing the impaired function of MSCs in periodontitis is the key for treatment, especially in a manner independent of exogenous MSCs. Our previous study found that overexpressed insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) could promote exogenous MSC-mediated periodontal tissue regeneration. Here, we investigate the role of IGFBP5 protein in MSCs and periodontal tissue regeneration independent of exogenous MSCs in an inflammatory niche. Methods TNFα was used to mimic the inflammatory niche. Lentiviral IGFBP5 shRNA was used to silence IGFBP5 and recombinant human IGFBP5 protein (rhIGFBP5) was used to stimulate the periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs). The effects of IGFBP5 on PDLSCs were evaluated using the scratch-simulated wound migration, Transwell chemotaxis, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, Alizarin red staining, Cell Counting Kit-8, Western blot, Real-time PCR, Co-IP and ChIP assays. The swine model of periodontitis was used to investigate the functions of IGFBP5 for periodontal regeneration and its anti-inflammation effect. Results We discovered that 0.5 ng/ml rhIGFBP5 protein enhanced the migration, chemotaxis, osteo/dentinogenic differentiation and cell proliferation of MSCs under the inflammatory condition. Moreover, 0.5 ng/ml rhIGFBP5 application could rescue the impaired functions of IGFBP5-silenced-MSCs in the inflammatory niche. Furthermore, local injection of rhIGFBP5 could promote periodontal tissue regeneration and relieve the local inflammation in a minipig model of periodontitis. Mechanistically, we found that BCOR negatively regulated the expression of IGFBP5 in MSCs. BCOR formed a protein complex with histone demethylase KDM6B and raised histone K27 methylation in the IGFBP5 promoter. Conclusions This study revealed that rhIGFBP5 could activate the functions of MSCs in an inflammatory niche, provided insight into the mechanism underlying the activated capacities of MSCs, and identified IGFBP5 as a potential cytokine for improving tissue regeneration and periodontitis treatment independent of exogenous MSCs and its potential application in dental clinic. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0663-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Han
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China.,Department of Periodontology, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Fengqiu Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Guoqing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China.,Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China.,Department of Periodontology, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China.,Department of Implant Dentistry, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Haoqing Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China.,Department of Endodontics, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyang Cao
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Juan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China.,Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhipeng Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China.
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177
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Shang F, Liu S, Ming L, Tian R, Jin F, Ding Y, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Deng Z, Jin Y. Human Umbilical Cord MSCs as New Cell Sources for Promoting Periodontal Regeneration in Inflammatory Periodontal Defect. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:4370-4382. [PMID: 29158833 PMCID: PMC5695137 DOI: 10.7150/thno.19888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) transplantation represents a promising approach for periodontal regeneration; however, the cell source is limited due to the invasive procedure required for cell isolation. As human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) can be harvested inexpensively and inexhaustibly, here we evaluated the regenerative potentials of hUCMSCs as compared with hPDLSCs to determine whether hUCMSCs could be used as new cell sources for periodontal regeneration. Methods The characteristics of hUCMSCs, including multi-differentiation ability and anti-inflammatory capability, were determined by comparison with hPDLSCs. We constructed cell aggregates (CA) using hUCMSCs and hPDLSCs respectively. Then hPDLSCs-CA and hUCMSCs-CA were combined with β-tricalcium phosphate bioceramic (β-TCP) respectively and their regenerative potentials were determined in a rat inflammatory periodontal defect model. Results hPDLSCs showed higher osteogenic differentiation potentials than hUCMSCs. Meanwhile, hUCMSCs showed higher extracellular matrix secretion and anti-inflammatory abilities than hPDLSCs. Similar to hPDLSCs, hUCMSCs were able to contribute to regeneration of both soft and hard periodontal tissues under inflammatory periodontitis condition. There were more newly formed bone and periodontal ligaments in hPDLSCs and hUCMSCs groups than in non-cell treated group. Moreover, no significant differences of regenerative promoting effects between hPDLSCs and hUCMSCs were found. Conclusion: hUCMSCs generated similar promoting effects on periodontal regeneration compared with hPDLSCs, and can be used as new cell sources for periodontal regeneration.
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178
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Bone regeneration in minipigs by intrafibrillarly-mineralized collagen loaded with autologous periodontal ligament stem cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10519. [PMID: 28874877 PMCID: PMC5585269 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11155-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomimetic intrafibrillarly-mineralized collagen (IMC) is a promising scaffold for bone regeneration because of its structural and functional similarity to natural bone. The objective of this study was to evaluate the bone regeneration potential of IMC loaded with autologous periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) in large bone defects in minipigs. A macroporous IMC with a bone-like subfibrillar nanostructure was fabricated using a biomimetic bottom-up approach. Non-healing full thickness defects were established on the cranial bone in minipigs, and IMC and hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds seeded with autologous PDLSCs were implanted into these defects. Computed tomographic imaging, histology staining, and atomic force microscopy were applied to evaluate to the quantity, micro/nano structures, and mechanical performance of the neo-bone after 12 weeks of implantation. Compared with HA, IMC showed superior regeneration properties characterized by the profuse deposition of new bony structures with a normal architecture and vascularization. Immunohistochemistry showed that the runt-related transcription factor 2 and transcription factor Osterix were highly expressed in the neo-bone formed by IMC. Furthermore, the nanostructure and nanomechanics of the neo-bone formed by IMC were similar to that of natural bone. This study provides strong evidence for the future clinical applications of the IMC-based bone grafts.
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179
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Abstract
Mammalian teeth harbour mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which contribute to tooth growth and repair. These dental MSCs possess many in vitro features of bone marrow-derived MSCs, including clonogenicity, expression of certain markers, and following stimulation, differentiation into cells that have the characteristics of osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes. Teeth and their support tissues provide not only an easily accessible source of MSCs but also a tractable model system to study their function and properties in vivo In addition, the accessibility of teeth together with their clinical relevance provides a valuable opportunity to test stem cell-based treatments for dental disorders. This Review outlines some recent discoveries in dental MSC function and behaviour and discusses how these and other advances are paving the way for the development of new biologically based dental therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Sharpe
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
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180
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Zufía J, Abella F, Trebol I, Gómez-Meda R. Autotransplantation of Mandibular Third Molar with Buccal Cortical Plate to Replace Vertically Fractured Mandibular Second Molar: A Novel Technique. J Endod 2017; 43:1574-1578. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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181
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IGFBP2 enhances adipogenic differentiation potentials of mesenchymal stem cells from Wharton's jelly of the umbilical cord via JNK and Akt signaling pathways. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184182. [PMID: 28859160 PMCID: PMC5578624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated tissue engineering represents a promising strategy to address adipose tissue defects. MSCs derived from Wharton’s jelly of the umbilical cord (WJCMSCs) may serve as an ideal source for adipose tissue engineering due to their abundance, safety profile, and accessibility. How to activate the directed differentiation potentials of WJCMSCs is the core point for their clinical applications. A thorough investigation of mechanisms involved in WJCMSC adipogenic differentiation is necessary to support their application in adipose tissue engineering and address shortcomings. Previous study showed, compared with periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), WJCMSCs had a weakened adipogenic differentiation potentials and lower expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2). IGFBP2 may be involved in the adipogenesis of MSCs. Generally, IGFBP2 is involved in regulating biological activity of insulin-like growth factors, however, its functions in human MSCs are unclear. Here, we found IGFBP2 expression was upregulated upon adipogenic induction, and that IGFBP2 enhanced adipogenic differentiation of WJCMSCs and BMSCs. Moreover, IGFBP2 increased phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK) and p-Akt, and activated JNK or Akt signaling significantly promoted adipogenic differentiation of MSCs. Furthermore, inhibitor-mediated blockage of either JNK or Akt signaling dramatically reduced IGFBP2-mediated adipogenic differentiation. And the JNK inhibitor, SP600125 markedly blocked IGFBP2-mediated Akt activation. Moreover, IGFBP2 was negatively regulated by BCOR, which inhibited adipogenic differentiation of WJCMSCs. Overall, our results reveal a new function of IGFBP2, providing a novel insight into the mechanism of adipogenic differentiation and identifying a potential target mediator for improving adipose tissue engineering based on WJCMSCs.
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182
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Shakoori P, Zhang Q, Le AD. Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Oral and Craniofacial Regeneration. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2017; 29:19-25. [PMID: 27890225 DOI: 10.1016/j.coms.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine has been rapidly expanded through multidisciplinary integration of research and clinical practice in response to unmet clinical needs for reconstruction of dental, oral, and craniofacial structures. The significance of the various types of stem cells, specifically mesenchymal stem cells derived from the orofacial tissues, ranging from dental pulp stem cells to periodontal ligament stem cells to mucosa/gingiva has been thoroughly investigated and their applications in tissue regeneration are outlined in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasha Shakoori
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6030, USA
| | - Quanzhou Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6030, USA
| | - Anh D Le
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6030, USA.
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183
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Abstract
Currently regeneration of tooth and periodontal damage still remains great challenge. Stem cell-based tissue engineering raised novel therapeutic strategies for tooth and periodontal repair. Stem cells for tooth and periodontal regeneration include dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), stem cells from the dental apical papilla (SCAPs), and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs), dental epithelial stem cells (DESCs), bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs), adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). To date, substantial advances have been made in stem cell-based tooth and periodontal regeneration, including dentin-pulp, whole tooth, bioroot and periodontal regeneration. Translational investigations have been performed such as dental stem cell banking and clinical trials. In this review, we present strategies for stem cell-based tissue engineering for tooth and periodontal repair, and the translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hu
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Y Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - S Wang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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184
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Arpornmaeklong P, Sutthitrairong C, Jantaramanant P, Pripatnanont P. Allogenic human serum, a clinical grade serum supplement for promoting human periodontal ligament stem cell expansion. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:142-152. [PMID: 27957806 DOI: 10.1002/term.2379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Exposing human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) to animal proteins during cell expansion would compromise quality and safety of the hPDLSCs for clinical applications. The current study aimed to evaluate the replacement of animal-based serum by human serum for the expansion of hPDLSCs. hPDLSCs were cultured in culture media supplemented with four types of serums: Group A: fetal bovine serum (FBS); Group B: allogeneic human male AB serum (HS); Group C: in-house autologous (Auto-HS); and Group D: in-house allogeneic human serums (Allo-HS). Exhibitions of mesenchymal stem cell characteristics of hPDLSCs were examined. Then, growth and osteogenic (OS) differentiation potential of hPDLSCs in FBS and HS at passages 5 and 15 were compared to investigate the effects of serum supplements on growth and expansion stability of the expanded hPDLSCs. After that, growth and OS differentiation of hPDLSCs in Auto- and Allo-HS were investigated. Flow cytometrical analyses, functional differentiations, cell growth kinetic, cytogenetic analysis, alkaline phosphatase and calcium content assays, and oil red O and von Kossa staining were performed. Results showed that at passage 5, HS promoted growth and OS differentiation of hPDLSCs and extensive cell expansion, decreased growth and differentiation potential of the expanded hPDLSCs, particularly in HS. Growth and OS differentiation of hPDLSCs in Auto-HS and Allo-HS were not different. In summary, allogeneic human serum could be a replacement to FBS for hPDLSC expansion. In vitro cell expansion of hPDLSCs should be minimal to ensure optimal cell quality. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premjit Arpornmaeklong
- Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand.,CranioMaxillofacial Hard Tissue Engineering Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Chotika Sutthitrairong
- CranioMaxillofacial Hard Tissue Engineering Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Piyathida Jantaramanant
- CranioMaxillofacial Hard Tissue Engineering Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Prisana Pripatnanont
- CranioMaxillofacial Hard Tissue Engineering Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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185
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Wang C, Gu W, Sun B, Zhang Y, Ji Y, Xu X, Wen Y. CTHRC1 promotes osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells by regulating TAZ. J Mol Histol 2017. [PMID: 28647773 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-017-9729-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1) is associated with bone metabolism. Alveolar bone has an ability to rapidly remodel itself to adapt its biomechanical environment and function. However, whether CTHRC1 is expressed in alveolar bone tissue and the role of CTHRC1 in alveolar bone remodeling remain unclear. We used orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) rat model to study the effects of CHTRC1 in alveolar bone remodeling in vivo. We found that CTHRC1 was expressed in normal physiological condition of osteocytes, bone matrix, and periodontal ligament cells in rat. During the OTM, the expression of CTHRC1, Runx2 and TAZ were increased. We further studied the effects of CTHRC1 on osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells in vitro. CTHRC1 can positively regulate the expression of TAZ and osteogenic differentiation markers like Col1, ALP, Runx2 and OCN. Overexpression of CHTRC1 increased osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs, which could be abolished by TAZ siRNA. Our results suggest that CTHRC1 plays an important role in alveolar bone remodeling and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengze Wang
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, No. 44-1, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiting Gu
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Baiyu Sun
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, No. 44-1, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunpeng Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, No. 44-1, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawen Ji
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, No. 44-1, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Xu
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, No. 44-1, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China. .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong Wen
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, No. 44-1, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China. .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
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186
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Zheng Y, Li X, Huang Y, Jia L, Li W. The Circular RNA Landscape of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells During Osteogenesis. J Periodontol 2017; 88:906-914. [PMID: 28598284 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2017.170078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aims to investigate the distinct expression pattern of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) during osteogenesis. METHODS PDLSCs were isolated and cultured in osteogenic medium. Total RNA was extracted from cells at day 0 (D0), day 3 (D3), day 7 (D7), and day 14 (D14) and submitted to RNA-sequencing to detect expression profiles of circRNAs, messenger RNAs (mRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs). Real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to validate expression of circRNAs and miRNAs. Differential expression analysis and gene ontology analysis were performed. A circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was constructed to reveal the potential regulatory role of circRNAs. RESULTS A total of 12,693 circRNA transcripts were detected, and circRNAs displayed stage-specific expression. Expression of four well-known circRNAs was validated by qRT-PCR. In total, 118 circRNAs were differentially expressed at D3, 128 circRNAs were differentially expressed at D7, and 139 circRNAs were differentially expressed at D14 compared with D0. Host genes of differentially expressed circRNAs were enriched in cytoplasmic or membrane-bound vesicles and extracellular matrix, indicating their potential roles in modulating biogenesis of extracellular vesicles. Moreover, mRNAs that were potentially regulated by circRNAs were enriched in bone-formation-associated processes, including extracellular matrix organization, cell differentiation, and bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Expression profiles of circRNAs were significantly altered during osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs, providing a clue for future studies on the role of circRNAs in osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobei Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiping Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingfei Jia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology.,Department of Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology
| | - Weiran Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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187
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Čebatariūnienė A, Jarmalavičiūtė A, Tunaitis V, Pūrienė A, Venalis A, Pivoriūnas A. Microcarrier culture enhances osteogenic potential of human periodontal ligament stromal cells. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2017; 45:845-854. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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188
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BALCI YUCE H. Periodontoloji Alaninda Hayvan Çalışmaları: Deneysel Periodontal ve Periimplant Hastalığın İndüksiyonu. CUMHURIYET DENTAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.7126/cumudj.307312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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189
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Practical methods for handling human periodontal ligament stem cells in serum-free and serum-containing culture conditions under hypoxia: implications for regenerative medicine. Hum Cell 2017; 30:169-180. [PMID: 28168362 PMCID: PMC5486878 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-017-0161-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies depend on the reliable expansion of patient-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro. The supplementation of cell culture media with serum is associated with several risks; accordingly, serum-free media are commercially available for cell culture. Furthermore, hypoxia is known to accelerate the expansion of MSCs. The present study aimed to characterize the properties of periodontal ligament-derived MSCs (PDLSCs) cultivated in serum-free and serum-containing media, under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. Cell growth, gene and protein expression, cytodifferentiation potential, genomic stability, cytotoxic response, and in vivo hard tissue generation of PDLSCs were examined. Our findings indicated that cultivation in serum-free medium does not affect the MSC phenotype or chromosomal stability of PDLSCs. PDLSCs expanded in serum-free medium exhibited more active growth than in fetal bovine serum-containing medium. We found that hypoxia does not alter the cell growth of PDLSCs under serum-free conditions, but inhibits their osteogenic and adipogenic cytodifferentiation while enabling maintenance of their multidifferentiation potential regardless of the presence of serum. PDLSCs expanded in serum-free medium were found to retain common MSC characteristics, including the capacity for hard tissue formation in vivo. However, PDLSCs cultured in serum-free culture conditions were more susceptible to damage following exposure to extrinsic cytotoxic stimuli than those cultured in medium supplemented with serum, suggesting that serum-free culture conditions do not exert protective effects against cytotoxicity on PDLSC cultures. The present work provides a comparative evaluation of cell culture in serum-free and serum-containing media, under hypoxic and normoxic conditions, for applications in regenerative medicine.
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190
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Regmi S, Cao J, Pathak S, Gupta B, Kumar Poudel B, Tung PT, Yook S, Park JB, Yong CS, Kim JO, Yoo JW, Jeong JH. A three-dimensional assemblage of gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells and NO-releasing microspheres for improved differentiation. Int J Pharm 2017; 520:163-172. [PMID: 28185957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy is an attractive approach to bone tissue regeneration. Nitric oxide (NO) has been reported to facilitate osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. To enhance osteogenic differentiation of gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs), we designed a method for in situ delivery of exogenous NO to these cells. A NO donor, polyethylenimine/NONOate, was incorporated into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres to deliver NO to the cells for an extended period of time under in vitro culture conditions. A hybrid aggregate of GMSCs and NO-releasing microspheres was prepared by the hanging drop technique. Confocal microscopy revealed homogeneous arrangement of the stem cells and microspheres in heterospheroids. Western blot analysis and live-dead imaging showed no significant change in cell viability. Importantly, the in situ delivery of NO within the heterospheroids enhanced osteogenic differentiation indicated by a 1.2-fold increase in alkaline phosphatase activity and an approximately 10% increase in alizarin red staining. In addition, a low dose of NO promoted proliferation of the GMSCs in this 3D system. Thus, delivery of the NO-releasing microsphers to induce differentiation of stem cells within this three dimensional system may be one of possible strategies to direct differentiation of a stem cell-based therapeutic agent toward a specific lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobha Regmi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiafu Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Shiva Pathak
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Biki Gupta
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Bijay Kumar Poudel
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Pham Thanh Tung
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Simmyung Yook
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Beom Park
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Soon Yong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Oh Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Wook Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jee-Heon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
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191
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Liu F, Wen F, He D, Liu D, Yang R, Wang X, Yan Y, Liu Y, Kou X, Zhou Y. Force-Induced H 2S by PDLSCs Modifies Osteoclastic Activity during Tooth Movement. J Dent Res 2017; 96:694-702. [PMID: 28165889 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517690388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gasotransmitter, has been recently linked to mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) function and bone homeostasis. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are the main MSCs in PDL, which respond to mechanical force to induce physiological activities during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). However, it is unknown whether mechanical force might induce endogenous H2S production by PDLSCs to regulate alveolar bone homeostasis. Here, we used a mouse OTM model to demonstrate that orthodontic force-induced endogenous H2S production in PDL tissue was associated with macrophage accumulation and osteoclastic activity in alveolar bone. Then, we showed that mechanical force application induced cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) expression and endogenous H2S production by PDLSCs. Moreover, blocking endogenous H2S or systemically increasing H2S levels could decrease or enhance force-induced osteoclastic activities to control tooth movement. We further revealed how force-induced H2S production by PDLSCs contributed to the secretion of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand/osteoprotegerin (RANKL/OPG) system by PDLSCs. The secretion and expression of these factors controlled macrophage migration and osteoclast differentiation. This study demonstrated that PDLSCs produced H2S to respond to and transduce force signals. Force-induced gasotransmitter H2S production in PDLSCs therefore regulated osteoclastic activities in alveolar bone and controlled the OTM process through the MCP-1 secretion and RANKL/OPG system.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Liu
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China.,2 Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - F Wen
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - D He
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China.,2 Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - D Liu
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China.,2 Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - R Yang
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China.,2 Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - X Wang
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China.,2 Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Y Yan
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China.,2 Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Y Liu
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China.,2 Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - X Kou
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China.,2 Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Y Zhou
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China.,2 Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
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192
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Wei Y, Ye Q, Tang Z, Tian G, Zhu Q, Gao H, Wang D, Cao Z. Calcitonin induces collagen synthesis and osteoblastic differentiation in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 74:114-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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193
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Lloyd B, Tee BC, Headley C, Emam H, Mallery S, Sun Z. Similarities and differences between porcine mandibular and limb bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 77:1-11. [PMID: 28135571 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research has shown promise of using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) for craniofacial bone regeneration; yet little is known about the differences of BMSCs from limb and craniofacial bones. This study compared pig mandibular and tibia BMSCs for their in vitro proliferation, osteogenic differentiation properties and gene expression. DESIGN Bone marrow was aspirated from the tibia and mandible of 3-4 month-old pigs (n=4), followed by BMSC isolation, culture-expansion and characterization by flow cytometry. Proliferation rates were assessed using population doubling times. Osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase activity. Affymetrix porcine microarray was used to compare gene expressions of tibial and mandibular BMSCs, followed by real-time RT-PCR evaluation of certain genes. RESULTS Our results showed that BMSCs from both locations expressed MSC markers but not hematopoietic markers. The proliferation and osteogenic differentiation potential of mandibular BMSCs were significantly stronger than those of tibial BMSCs. Microarray analysis identified 404 highly abundant genes, out of which 334 genes were matched between the two locations and annotated into the same functional groups including osteogenesis and angiogenesis, while 70 genes were mismatched and annotated into different functional groups. In addition, 48 genes were differentially expressed by at least 1.5-fold difference between the two locations, including higher expression of cranial neural crest-related gene BMP-4 in mandibular BMSCs, which was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these data indicate that despite strong similarities in gene expression between mandibular and tibial BMSCs, mandibular BMSCs express some genes differently than tibial BMSCs and have a phenotypic profile that may make them advantageous for craniofacial bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Lloyd
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Boon Ching Tee
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Colwyn Headley
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hany Emam
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Susan Mallery
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Radiology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zongyang Sun
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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194
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Kantarci A, Hasturk H, Van Dyke TE. Animal models for periodontal regeneration and peri-implant responses. Periodontol 2000 2017; 68:66-82. [PMID: 25867980 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Translation of experimental data to the clinical setting requires the safety and efficacy of such data to be confirmed in animal systems before application in humans. In dental research, the animal species used is dependent largely on the research question or on the disease model. Periodontal disease and, by analogy, peri-implant disease, are complex infections that result in a tissue-degrading inflammatory response. It is impossible to explore the complex pathogenesis of periodontitis or peri-implantitis using only reductionist in-vitro methods. Both the disease process and healing of the periodontal and peri-implant tissues can be studied in animals. Regeneration (after periodontal surgery), in response to various biologic materials with potential for tissue engineering, is a continuous process involving various types of tissue, including epithelia, connective tissues and alveolar bone. The same principles apply to peri-implant healing. Given the complexity of the biology, animal models are necessary and serve as the standard for successful translation of regenerative materials and dental implants to the clinical setting. Smaller species of animal are more convenient for disease-associated research, whereas larger animals are more appropriate for studies that target tissue healing as the anatomy of larger animals more closely resembles human dento-alveolar architecture. This review focuses on the animal models available for the study of regeneration in periodontal research and implantology; the advantages and disadvantages of each animal model; the interpretation of data acquired; and future perspectives of animal research, with a discussion of possible nonanimal alternatives. Power calculations in such studies are crucial in order to use a sample size that is large enough to generate statistically useful data, whilst, at the same time, small enough to prevent the unnecessary use of animals.
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195
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Gauthier P, Yu Z, Tran QT, Bhatti FUR, Zhu X, Huang GTJ. Cementogenic genes in human periodontal ligament stem cells are downregulated in response to osteogenic stimulation while upregulated by vitamin C treatment. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 368:79-92. [PMID: 27757536 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2513-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Regeneration of periodontal tissues, particularly cementum, is key to regaining periodontal attachment and health. Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) have been shown to be a good cell source to regenerate periodontal tissues. However, their subpopulations and the differentiation induction in relation to cementogenic lineages is unclear. Thus, we aim to examine the expression of cementum-associated genes in PDLSC subpopulations and determine the effect of broadly used osteogenic stimulus or vitamin C (VC) on the expression of cementogenic and osteogenic genes in PDLSCs. Our real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis showed that cementogenic marker cementum attachment protein (CAP) expressed only slightly higher in STRO-1+/CD146+, STRO-1-/CD146+ and STRO-1-/CD146- subpopulations than in the original cell pool, while cementum protein 1 (CEMP1) expression in these subpopulations was not different from the original pool. Notably, under the stimulation with osteogenic differentiation medium, CAP and CEMP1 were downregulated while osteogenic markers bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteocalcin (OCN) were upregulated. Both CAP and CEMP1 were upregulated by VC treatment. Transplantation of VC-treated PDLSCs into immunocompromised mice resulted in forming significantly more ectopic cementum- and bone-like mineral tissues in vivo. Immunohistochemical analysis of the ectopic growth showed that CAP and CEMP1 were mainly expressed in the mineral tissue and in some cells of the fibrous tissues. We conclude that osteogenic stimulation is not inductive but appears to be inhibitory of cementogenic pathways, whereas VC induces cementogenic lineage commitment by PDLSCs and may be a useful stimulus for cementogenesis in periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Gauthier
- Department of Endodontics, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.,Faculté de médecine dentaire, Département d'endodontie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Zongdong Yu
- Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Quynh T Tran
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Fazal-Ur-Rehman Bhatti
- Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Xiaofei Zhu
- Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.,VIP Dental Service and Geriatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - George T-J Huang
- Department of Endodontics, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA. .,Faculté de médecine dentaire, Département d'endodontie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada. .,Lab, Cancer Research Building, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 19 S. Manassas St. Lab Rm 225, Office 222, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
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196
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Li Y, Zhao S, Nan X, Wei H, Shi J, Li A, Gou J. Repair of human periodontal bone defects by autologous grafting stem cells derived from inflammatory dental pulp tissues. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:141. [PMID: 27655627 PMCID: PMC5032237 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0404-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, stem cells derived from inflammatory dental pulp tissues (DPSCs-IPs) have demonstrated regenerative potential, but the real effect remains to be examined. This pilot study attempted to isolate DPSCs-IPs from two patients and to evaluate the feasibility and the effect of reconstructing periodontal intrabone defects in each patient. METHODS DPSCs-IPs were harvested from two patients with periodontal intrabone defects with their approval. After discussing the biological characteristics of DPSCs-IPs in each patient, DPSCs-IPs were loaded onto the scaffold material β-tricalcium phosphate and engrafted into the periodontal defect area in the root furcation. After 1, 3, and 9 months, the outcome was evaluated by clinical assessment and radiological study. Furthermore, new samples were collected and the biological characteristics of DPSCs-IPs were further studied compared with normal dental pulp stem cells. The primary cell culture success rate, cell viability, cell cycle analysis, and proliferation index were used to describe the growth state of DPSCs-IPs. In-vitro differentiation ability detection was used to further discuss the stem cell characteristics of DPSCs-IPs. RESULTS As expected, DPSCs-IPs were able to engraft and had an effect of regeneration of new bones to repair periodontal defects 9 months after surgical reconstruction. Although the success rate of primary cell culture and growth status was slightly inhibited, DPSCs-IPs expressed comparable levels of stem cell markers as well as retaining their multidifferentiation ability. CONCLUSIONS We developed a standard procedure that is potentially safe and technological for clinical periodontal treatment using human autologous DPSCs-IPs. TRIAL REGISTRATION According to the editorial policies, the present study is a purely observational study, so trial registration is not required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi Wu Road No. 98, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Shanmei Zhao
- Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi Wu Road No. 98, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Xi Nan
- Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi Wu Road No. 98, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianfeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ang Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. .,Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi Wu Road No. 98, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China.
| | - Jianzhong Gou
- Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi Wu Road No. 98, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
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197
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Hu J, Cao Y, Xie Y, Wang H, Fan Z, Wang J, Zhang C, Wang J, Wu CT, Wang S. Periodontal regeneration in swine after cell injection and cell sheet transplantation of human dental pulp stem cells following good manufacturing practice. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:130. [PMID: 27613503 PMCID: PMC5017121 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0362-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontitis, one of the most prevalent infectious diseases in humans, results in the destruction of tooth-supporting tissues. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effect of cell injection and cell sheet transplantation on periodontal regeneration in a swine model. Methods In the present study, human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) were transplanted into a swine model for periodontal regeneration. Twelve miniature pigs were used to generate periodontitis with bone defects of 5 mm in width, 7 mm in length, and 3 mm in depth. hDPSCs were obtained for bone regeneration using cell injection or cell sheet transplantation. After 12 weeks, clinical, radiological, and histological assessments of regenerated periodontal tissues were performed to compare periodontal regeneration treated with xenogeneic cell injection and cell sheet implantation. Results Our study showed that translating hDPSCs into this large animal model could significantly improve periodontal bone regeneration and soft tissue healing. After 12 weeks, both the hDPSC sheet treatment and hDPSC injection significantly improved periodontal tissue healing clinically in comparison with the control group. The volume of regenerative bone in the hDPSC sheet group (52.7 ± 4.1 mm3) was significantly larger than in the hDPSC injection group (32.4 ± 5.1 mm3) (P < 0.05). The percentage of bone in the periodontium in the hDPSC injection group was 12.8 ± 4.4 %, while it was 17.4 ± 5.3 % in the hDPSC sheet group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Both hDPSC injection and cell sheet transplantation significantly regenerated periodontal bone in swine. The hDPSC sheet had more bone regeneration capacity compared with hDPSC injection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-016-0362-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchao Hu
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy & Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tian Tan Xi Li No. 4, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy & Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tian Tan Xi Li No. 4, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yilin Xie
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy & Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tian Tan Xi Li No. 4, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Fan
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy & Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tian Tan Xi Li No. 4, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Beijing SH Bio-tech Corporation, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy & Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tian Tan Xi Li No. 4, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Chu-Tse Wu
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.
| | - Songlin Wang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy & Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tian Tan Xi Li No. 4, Beijing, 100050, China. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100069, China.
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198
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Chen Z, Liu HL. Restoration of miR-1305 relieves the inhibitory effect of nicotine on periodontal ligament-derived stem cell proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation. J Oral Pathol Med 2016; 46:313-320. [PMID: 27604968 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotine hinders the regenerative potentials of human periodontal ligament-derived stem cells (PDLSCs) and delays the healing process of periodontal diseases, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. miR-1305 upregulation and its potential target RUNX2 downregulation exist in the PDLSCs exposed to nicotine. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether nicotine inhibits PDLSC proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation by increasing miR-1305 level and decreasing RUNX2 level. METHODS Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot assays were performed to detect the expression levels of miR-1305 and RUNX2 in the PDLSCs exposed to nicotine, respectively. PDLSCs with miR-1305 overexpression, low expression, or RUNX2 overexpression were constructed by lipofectin transfection. MTT, migration, and Western blot assays were applied to assess the effect of miR-1305 on PDLSC proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation, respectively. Target prediction and luciferase reporter assays were performed to investigate the targets of miR-1305. RESULTS Nicotine promoted miR-1305 expression and inhibited RUNX2 expression in PDLSCs. Cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation detection showed that nicotine suppressed proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs, and restoration of miR-1305 relieved the inhibitory effect of nicotine on PDLSCs. Moreover, we identified and validated that RUNX2 was a direct target of miR-1305, and upregulation of RUNX2 had similar effects with the downregulation of miR-1305 on relieving the inhibitory effect of nicotine on PDLSCs. CONCLUSION Nicotine suppresses proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs, and restoration of miR-1305 relieves the inhibitory effect of nicotine on PDLSCs depending on its target RUNX2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui-Li Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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199
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Kadkhoda Z, Rafiei SC, Azizi B, Khoshzaban A. Assessment of Surface Markers Derived from Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells: An In Vitro Study. JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY (TEHRAN, IRAN) 2016; 13:325-332. [PMID: 28127326 PMCID: PMC5250630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Periodontal tissue regeneration for treatment of periodontal disease has not yet been mastered in tissue engineering. Stem cells, scaffold, and growth factors are the three main basic components of tissue engineering. Periodontal ligament (PDL) contains stem cells; however, the number, potency and features of these cells have not yet been understood. This study aimed to isolate and characterize the properties of PDL stem cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental study, samples were isolated from the PDL of extracted teeth of five patients and then stained immunohistochemically for detection of cell surface markers. Cells were then examined by immuno-flow cytometry for mesenchymal markers as well as for osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. RESULTS The isolated cell population had fibroblast-like morphology and flow cytometry revealed that the mesenchymal surface markers were (means): CD90 (84.55), CD31 (39.97), CD166 (33.77), CD105 (31.19), CD45 (32/44), CD44 (462.11), CD34 (227.33), CD38 (86.94), CD13 (34.52) and CD73 (50.39). The PDL stem cells also differentiated into osteoblasts and adipocytes in osteogenic and adipogenic media, respectively. CONCLUSIONS PDL stem cells expressed mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) markers and differentiated into osteoblasts and adipocytes in osteogenic and adipogenic media, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Kadkhoda
- Associate Professor, Department of Peridontology, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Chokami Rafiei
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Corresponding author: S. Chokami Rafiei, Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Bahare Azizi
- Associated Professor, Department of Peridontology, Dental Faculty, Sanandaj University of Medical Sciences, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Ahad Khoshzaban
- PhD Student, Dental Biomaterial Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Innate Immune Response of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Fibroblasts and Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Periodontopathogens. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:8905365. [PMID: 27642305 PMCID: PMC5014959 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8905365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis involves complex interplay of bacteria and host immune response resulting in destruction of supporting tissues of the tooth. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a role in recognizing microbial pathogens and eliciting an innate immune response. Recently, the potential application of multipotent stem cells and pluripotent stem cells including human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in periodontal regenerative therapy has been proposed. However, little is known about the impact of periodontopathogens on hESC-derived progenies. This study investigates the effects of heat-killed periodontopathogens, namely, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, on TLR and cytokine expression profile of hESC-derived progenies, namely, fibroblasts (hESC-Fib) and mesenchymal stem cells (hESC-MSCs). Additionally, the serotype-dependent effect of A. actinomycetemcomitans on hESC-derived progenies was explored. Both hESC-Fib and hESC-MSCs constitutively expressed TLR-2 and TLR-4. hESC-Fib upon exposure to periodontopathogens displayed upregulation of TLRs and release of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8). In contrast, hESC-MSCs were largely nonresponsive to bacterial challenge, especially in terms of cytokine production. Further, exposure of hESC-Fib to A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype c was associated with higher IL-8 production than serotype b. In contrast, the hESC-MSCs displayed no serotype-dependent response. Differential response of the two hESC progenies implies a phenotype-dependent response to periodontopathogens and supports the concept of immunomodulatory properties of MSCs.
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