151
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Qiang W, Doherty KE, Klees LM, Tobin-Miyaji Y. Time-Dependent Lipid Dynamics, Organization and Peptide-Lipid Interaction in Phospholipid Bilayers with Incorporated β-Amyloid Oligomers. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:8329-8336. [PMID: 32931283 PMCID: PMC7647725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Nonfibrillar β-amyloid (Aβ) oligomers are considered as major neurotoxic species in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease. The presence of Aβ oligomers was shown to cause membrane disruptions in a broad range of model systems. However, the molecular basis of such a disruption process remains unknown. We previously demonstrated that membrane-incorporated 40-residue Aβ (Aβ40) oligomers could form coaggregates with phospholipids. This process occurred more rapidly than the fibrillization of Aβ40 and led to more severe membrane disruption. The present study probes the time-dependent changes in lipid dynamics, bilayer structures, and peptide-lipid interactions along the time course of the oligomer-induced membrane disruption, using solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Our results suggest the presence of certain intermediate states with phospholipid molecules entering the C-terminal hydrogen-bonding networks of the Aβ40 oligomeric cores. This work provides insights on the molecular mechanisms of Aβ40-oligomer-induced membrane disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qiang
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902
| | - Katelynne E. Doherty
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902
| | - Lukas M. Klees
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902
| | - Yuto Tobin-Miyaji
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902
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152
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Madden PW, Klyubin I, Ahearne MJ. Silk fibroin safety in the eye: a review that highlights a concern. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2020; 5:e000510. [PMID: 33024827 PMCID: PMC7513638 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2020-000510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The biomedical use of silk as a suture dates back to antiquity. Fibroin is the structural element that determines the strength of silk and here we consider the safety of fibroin in its role in ophthalmology. The high mechanical strength of silk meant sufficiently thin threads could be made for eye microsurgery, but such usage was all but superseded by synthetic polymer sutures, primarily because silk in its entirety was more inflammatory. Significant immunological response can normally be avoided by careful manufacturing to provide high purity fibroin, and it has been utilised in this form for tissue engineering an array of fibre and film substrata deployed in research with cells of the eye. Films of fibroin can also be made transparent, which is a required property in the visual pathway. Transparent layers of corneal epithelial, stromal and endothelial cells have all been demonstrated with maintenance of phenotype, as have constructs supporting retinal cells. Fibroin has a lack of demonstrable infectious agent transfer, an ability to be sterilised and prepared with minimal contamination, long-term predictable degradation and low direct cytotoxicity. However, there remains a known ability to be involved in amyloid formation and potential amyloidosis which, without further examination, is enough to currently question whether fibroin should be employed in the eye given its innervation into the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Madden
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Igor Klyubin
- Department of Pharmacology Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark J Ahearne
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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153
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Yeung CHC, Lau KWD, Au Yeung SL, Schooling CM. Amyloid, tau and risk of Alzheimer's disease: a Mendelian randomization study. Eur J Epidemiol 2020; 36:81-88. [PMID: 32929646 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-020-00683-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study was carried out to assess the effect of amyloid and tau on Alzheimer's disease using two-sample Mendelian randomization design. Genetic associations with plasma amyloid species (amyloid precursor protein, amyloid-like protein 2, serum amyloid P-component, amyloid beta peptide), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid beta, total tau, and phosphorylated tau181 were extracted from the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) available. Genetic associations with Alzheimer's disease were obtained from a GWAS of proxy-cases based on family history of Alzheimer's disease with 314,278 participants from the UK Biobank and a GWAS with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease from the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project (IGAP) with 21,982 cases and 41,944 controls. Estimates were obtained using inverse variance weighting with sensitivity analyses including MR-Egger, weighted median and MR-PRESSO. Presence of bias due to selective survival and competing risk was also considered. Plasma amyloid species, CSF total tau and phosphorylated tau181 were not associated with Alzheimer's disease. For CSF Aβ42, no association was found using the proxy-cases but an inverse association was found after removing outliers with MR-PRESSO using IGAP. Higher genetically predicted (p < 1 × 10-5) plasma amyloid species, CSF total tau and phosphorylated tau181 (based on sample sizes ~ 3300) were not associated with Alzheimer's disease using family history or clinically diagnosed cases while effects of CSF Aβ42 were inconsistent between the family history and IGAP GWAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Ho Ching Yeung
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 7 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kathleen Wen Din Lau
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 7 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shiu Lun Au Yeung
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 7 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - C Mary Schooling
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 7 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, USA.
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154
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Young JK. Neurogenesis Makes a Crucial Contribution to the Neuropathology of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2020; 4:365-371. [PMID: 33163897 PMCID: PMC7592839 DOI: 10.3233/adr-200218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
One unexplained feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is that the lateral entorhinal cortex undergoes neurodegeneration before other brain areas. However, this brain region does not have elevated levels of amyloid peptides in comparison with undamaged regions. What is the cause of this special vulnerability of the entorhinal cortex? One special feature of the lateral entorhinal cortex is that it projects to newborn neurons that have undergone adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Neurogenesis is abnormal in human AD brains, and modulation of neurogenesis in experimental animals influences the course of AD. This complex process of neurogenesis may expose axon terminals originating from neurons of the entorhinal cortex to a unique combination of molecules that can enhance toxic effects of amyloid. Retrograde degeneration of neurons with axons terminating in the dentate gyrus provides a likely explanation for the spatial patterns of neuronal cell death seen in AD. Specialized astrocytes in the dentate gyrus participate in adult neurogenesis and produce fatty acid binding protein7 (FABP7). These FABP7+ cells undergo an aging-related mitochondrial pathology that likely impairs their functions. This age-related abnormality may contribute to the impairment in neurogenesis seen in aging and Alzheimer’s disease. Also, a compromised function of these astrocytes likely results in local elevations of palmitic acid, iron, copper, and glucose, which all enhance the toxicity of amyloid peptides. Treatments that modulate neurogenesis or diminish the production of these toxic substances may prove more successful than treatments that are solely aimed at reducing the amyloid burden alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K Young
- Professor Emeritus, Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
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155
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d'Errico P, Meyer-Luehmann M. Mechanisms of Pathogenic Tau and Aβ Protein Spreading in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:265. [PMID: 33061903 PMCID: PMC7481386 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is pathologically defined by extracellular accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides generated by the cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP), strings of hyperphosphorylated Tau proteins accumulating inside neurons known as neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and neuronal loss. The association between the two hallmarks and cognitive decline has been known since the beginning of the 20th century when the first description of the disease was carried out by Alois Alzheimer. Today, more than 40 million people worldwide are affected by AD that represents the most common cause of dementia and there is still no effective treatment available to cure the disease. In general, the aggregation of Aβ is considered an essential trigger in AD pathogenesis that gives rise to NFTs, neuronal dysfunction and dementia. During the process leading to AD, tau and Aβ first misfold and form aggregates in one brain region, from where they spread to interconnected areas of the brain thereby inducing its gradual morphological and functional deterioration. In this mini-review article, we present an overview of the current literature on the spreading mechanisms of Aβ and tau pathology in AD since a more profound understanding is necessary to design therapeutic approaches aimed at preventing or halting disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo d'Errico
- Department of Neurology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Meyer-Luehmann
- Department of Neurology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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156
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The search for novel targets in Alzheimer's disease-The 90s redux. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 177:123-135. [PMID: 33453938 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex disease of the brain. Despite over 100 years of basic and clinical research, significantly intensified in the last three decades, the exact cause of this neurodegeneration is still an enigma. Based on neuroanatomical, experimental, and clinical findings, a series of hypotheses on AD pathogenesis have evolved. Among them, the "amyloid cascade hypothesis" has been most prominent. Clinical efforts targeting the biochemistry of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) as causal therapy have all failed so far, which may mean that the pathogenic mechanism of AD is less straightforward than initially thought. While there was good scientific reason to support this hypothesis before, the exclusive concentration on it may have impeded a more objective look and prevented the pursuit of alternative approaches to decipher the cause of AD. Here, a few key hypotheses of AD are summarized, and it is proposed that our view of the cause (or causes) of this detrimental disease be widened. This includes looking back, reactivating, and revisiting findings that were ignored over the last decades. Alternative and amyloid-independent ways to explain AD pathogenesis should receive more attention and are appearing.
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157
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Sim TM, Tarini D, Dheen ST, Bay BH, Srinivasan DK. Nanoparticle-Based Technology Approaches to the Management of Neurological Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6070. [PMID: 32842530 PMCID: PMC7503838 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders are the most devastating and challenging diseases associated with the central nervous system (CNS). The blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintains homeostasis of the brain and contributes towards the maintenance of a very delicate microenvironment, impairing the transport of many therapeutics into the CNS and making the management of common neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) and traumatic brain injury (TBI), exceptionally complicated. Nanoparticle (NP) technology offers a platform for the design of tissue-specific drug carrying systems owing to its versatile and modifiable nature. The prospect of being able to design NPs capable of successfully crossing the BBB, and maintaining a high drug bioavailability in neural parenchyma, has spurred much interest in the field of nanomedicine. NPs, which also come in an array of forms including polymeric NPs, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), quantum dots and liposomes, have the flexibility of being conjugated with various macromolecules, such as surfactants to confer the physical or chemical property desired. These nanodelivery strategies represent potential novel and minimally invasive approaches to the treatment and diagnosis of these neurological disorders. Most of the strategies revolve around the ability of the NPs to cross the BBB via various influx mechanisms, such as adsorptive-mediated transcytosis (AMT) and receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT), targeting specific biomarkers or lesions unique to that pathological condition, thereby ensuring high tissue-specific targeting and minimizing off-target side effects. In this article, insights into common neurological disorders and challenges of delivering CNS drugs due to the presence of BBB is provided, before an in-depth review of nanoparticle-based theranostic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ming Sim
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore;
| | - Dinesh Tarini
- Government Kilpauk Medical College, The Tamilnadu Dr MGR Medical University, Chennai, Tamilnadu 600032, India;
| | - S. Thameem Dheen
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117594, Singapore; (S.T.D.); (B.H.B.)
| | - Boon Huat Bay
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117594, Singapore; (S.T.D.); (B.H.B.)
| | - Dinesh Kumar Srinivasan
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117594, Singapore; (S.T.D.); (B.H.B.)
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158
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Kumar A, Bagri K, Nimbhal M, Kumar P. In silico exploration of the fingerprints triggering modulation of glutaminyl cyclase inhibition for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease using SMILES based attributes in Monte Carlo optimization. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:7181-7193. [PMID: 32795153 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1806111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common neurodegenerative disorder and being a social burden Alzheimer's has become an economic liability on developing countries. With limited understanding regarding the cause of disease, it is commonly identified by extracellular deposit of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides as senile plaques. Pyroglutamated Aβ is identified from the brain of AD patients and constituted the majority of total Aβ present. The formation of Pyroglutamated Aβ could be hindered by the use of Glutaminyl cyclase inhibitors and could efficiently improve the symptoms of Alzheimer's. The literature revealed the competence of quantitative structure activity/property relationship studies in drug discovery. The present work explores the efficiency of Monte Carlo based QSAR modelling studies on a dataset of 125 Glutaminyl cyclase inhibitors with pKi taken as the endpoint for QSAR analysis. The dataset is divided into training, subtraining, calibration and validation sets resulting in the generation of five random splits. The validation is performed in accordance with the Organization of Economic Corporation and Development principles. The values of R2, Q2, index of ideality of correlation, concordance correlation coefficient, av. rm2 and delta rm2 of calibration set of the best split are found to be 0.9012, 0.8775, 0.9479, 0.9435, 0.8347 and 0.0847, respectively. The structural features responsible for increasing the inhibitory activity are identified. These structural features are added to a base compound from the dataset to design six novel molecules. These new molecules possess improved inhibitory activity as compare to the base compound. The results are further supported by docking studies.Communicated by Vsevolod Makeev.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Kiran Bagri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Manisha Nimbhal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Parvin Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
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159
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Abstract
Nanoscale optical labeling is an advanced bioimaging tool. It is mostly based on fluorescence (FL) phenomena and enables the visualization of single biocells, bacteria, viruses, and biological tissues, providing monitoring of functional biosystems in vitro and in vivo, and the imaging-guided transportation of drug molecules. There is a variety of FL biolabels such as organic molecular dyes, genetically encoded fluorescent proteins (green fluorescent protein and homologs), semiconductor quantum dots, carbon dots, plasmonic metal gold-based nanostructures and more. In this review, a new generation of FL biolabels based on the recently found biophotonic effects of visible FL are described. This intrinsic FL phenomenon is observed in any peptide/protein materials folded into β-sheet secondary structures, irrespective of their composition, complexity, and origin. The FL effect has been observed both in natural amyloid fibrils, associated with neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and more), and diverse synthetic peptide/protein structures subjected to thermally induced biological refolding helix-like→β-sheet. This approach allowed us to develop a new generation of FL peptide/protein bionanodots radiating multicolor, tunable, visible FL, covering the entire visible spectrum in the range of 400–700 nm. Newly developed biocompatible nanoscale biomarkers are considered as a promising tool for emerging precise biomedicine and advanced medical nanotechnologies (high-resolution bioimaging, light diagnostics, therapy, optogenetics, and health monitoring).
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160
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Hashimoto M, Ho G, Takamatsu Y, Wada R, Sugama S, Takenouchi T, Waragai M, Masliah E. Possible Role of Amyloid Cross-Seeding in Evolvability and Neurodegenerative Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2020; 9:793-802. [PMID: 31524179 PMCID: PMC6839461 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-191675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging-related neurodegenerative disorders are frequently associated with the aggregation of multiple amyloidogenic proteins (APs), although the reason why such detrimental phenomena have emerged in the post-reproductive human brain across evolution is unclear. Speculatively, APs might provide physiological benefits for the human brain during developmental/reproductive stages. Of relevance, it is noteworthy that cross-seeding (CS) of APs has recently been characterized in cellular and animal models of neurodegenerative disease, and that normal physiological CS of multiple APs has also been observed in lower organisms, including yeast and bacteria. In this context, our main objective is to discuss a possible involvement of the CS of APs in promoting evolvability, a hypothetical view regarding the function of APs as an inheritance of acquired characteristics against human brain stressors, which are transgenerationally transmitted to offspring via germ cells. Mechanistically, the protofibrils formed by the CS of multiple APs might confer hormesis more potently than individual APs. By virtue of greater encoded stress information in parental brains being available, the brains of offspring can cope more efficiently with forth-coming stressors. On the other hand, subsequent neurodegeneration caused by APs in parental brain through the antagonistic pleiotropy mechanism in aging, may suggest that synergistically, multiple APs might be more detrimental compared to singular AP in neurodegeneration. Taken together, we suggest that the CS of multiple APs might be involved in both evolvability and neurodegenerative disease in human brain, which may be mechanistically and therapeutically important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hashimoto
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gilbert Ho
- PCND Neuroscience Research Institute, Poway, CA, USA
| | - Yoshiki Takamatsu
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoko Wada
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuei Sugama
- Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takato Takenouchi
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masaaki Waragai
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Division of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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161
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Schwartz M, Peralta Ramos JM, Ben-Yehuda H. A 20-Year Journey from Axonal Injury to Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Prospect of Immunotherapy for Combating Alzheimer's Disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:243-250. [PMID: 31907265 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The understanding of the dialogue between the brain and the immune system has undergone dramatic changes over the last two decades, with immense impact on the perception of neurodegenerative diseases, mental dysfunction, and many other brain pathologic conditions. Accumulated results have suggested that optimal function of the brain is dependent on support from the immune system, provided that this immune response is tightly controlled. Moreover, in contrast to the previous prevailing dogma, it is now widely accepted that circulating immune cells are needed for coping with brain pathologies and that their optimal effect is dependent on their type, location, and activity. In this perspective, we describe our own scientific journey, reviewing the milestones in attaining this understanding of the brain-immune axis integrated with numerous related studies by others. We then explain their significance in demonstrating the possibility of harnessing the immune system in a well-controlled manner for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Schwartz
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142; and .,Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | | | - Hila Ben-Yehuda
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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162
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Paroni G, Bisceglia P, Seripa D. Understanding the Amyloid Hypothesis in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 68:493-510. [PMID: 30883346 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid hypothesis (AH) is still the most accepted model to explain the pathogenesis of inherited Alzheimer's disease (IAD). However, despite the neuropathological overlapping with the non-inherited form (NIAD), AH waver in explaining NIAD. Thus, 30 years after its first statement several questions are still open, mainly regarding the role of amyloid plaques (AP) and apolipoprotein E (APOE). Accordingly, a pathogenetic model including the role of AP and APOE unifying IAD and NIAD pathogenesis is still missing. In the present understanding of the AH, we suggested that amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides production and AP formation is a physiological aging process resulting from a systemic age-related decrease in the efficiency of the proteins catabolism/clearance machinery. In this pathogenetic model Aβ peptides act as neurotoxic molecules, but only above a critical concentration [Aβ]c. A threshold mechanism triggers IAD/NIAD onset only when [Aβ]≥[Aβ]c. In this process, APOE modifies [Aβ]c threshold in an isoform-specific way. Consequently, all factors influencing Aβ anabolism, such as amyloid beta precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 (PSEN1), and presenilin 2 (PSEN2) gene mutations, and/or Aβ catabolism/clearance could contribute to exceed the threshold [Aβ]c, being characteristic of each individual. In this model, AP formation does not depend on [Aβ]c. The present interpretation of the AH, unifying the pathogenetic theories for IAD and NIAD, will explain why AP and APOE4 may be observed in healthy aging and why they are not the cause of AD. It is clear that further studies are needed to confirm our pathogenetic model. Nevertheless, our suggestion may be useful to better understand the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Paroni
- Research Laboratory, Complex Structure of Geriatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Paola Bisceglia
- Research Laboratory, Complex Structure of Geriatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Davide Seripa
- Research Laboratory, Complex Structure of Geriatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
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163
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Hu ZW, Au DF, Cruceta L, Vugmeyster L, Qiang W. N-Terminal Modified Aβ Variants Enable Modulations to the Structures and Cytotoxicity Levels of Wild-Type Aβ Fibrils through Cross-Seeding. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:2058-2065. [PMID: 32603584 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides are considered as triggering factors in sporadic Alzheimer's disease. However, studies to show the influence of pre-existing PTM-Aβ fibrils on wild-type Aβ peptides, which directly mimic the triggering scenarios, are rare. Here we show that three types of pathologically relevant PTM-Aβ variants with modifications in a particular segment (from D7 to V12) of the primary sequence lead to distinct impacts on the fibrillization of wild-type Aβ peptides. In general, the triggering effects are observed through cross-seeding between the PTM-Aβ seeds and wild-type peptides, which consequently induce modulations in the resultant wild-type fibril structures and elevations in the fibrillar cytotoxicity levels. Modifications with a similar chemical nature, such as the S8-phosphorylation and Y10-nitration, both of which introduce additional side-chain negative charges, show comparable structural-modulation and cytotoxicity-elevation effects. The results imply the biological influences of PTM-Aβ variants on the formation of amyloid deposits through cross-seeded fibrillization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wen Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Dan Fai Au
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado at Denver, Denver, Colorado 80204, United States
| | - Letticia Cruceta
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Liliya Vugmeyster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado at Denver, Denver, Colorado 80204, United States
| | - Wei Qiang
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
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164
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Pistollato F, Bernasconi C, McCarthy J, Campia I, Desaintes C, Wittwehr C, Deceuninck P, Whelan M. Alzheimer's Disease, and Breast and Prostate Cancer Research: Translational Failures and the Importance to Monitor Outputs and Impact of Funded Research. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1194. [PMID: 32674379 PMCID: PMC7401638 DOI: 10.3390/ani10071194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia and cancer are becoming increasingly prevalent in Western countries. In the last two decades, research focused on Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cancer, in particular, breast cancer (BC) and prostate cancer (PC), has been substantially funded both in Europe and worldwide. While scientific research outcomes have contributed to increase our understanding of the disease etiopathology, still the prevalence of these chronic degenerative conditions remains very high across the globe. By definition, no model is perfect. In particular, animal models of AD, BC, and PC have been and still are traditionally used in basic/fundamental, translational, and preclinical research to study human disease mechanisms, identify new therapeutic targets, and develop new drugs. However, animals do not adequately model some essential features of human disease; therefore, they are often unable to pave the way to the development of drugs effective in human patients. The rise of new technological tools and models in life science, and the increasing need for multidisciplinary approaches have encouraged many interdisciplinary research initiatives. With considerable funds being invested in biomedical research, it is becoming pivotal to define and apply indicators to monitor the contribution to innovation and impact of funded research. Here, we discuss some of the issues underlying translational failure in AD, BC, and PC research, and describe how indicators could be applied to retrospectively measure outputs and impact of funded biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pistollato
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (C.B.); (I.C.); (C.W.); (P.D.); (M.W.)
| | - Camilla Bernasconi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (C.B.); (I.C.); (C.W.); (P.D.); (M.W.)
| | - Janine McCarthy
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (C.B.); (I.C.); (C.W.); (P.D.); (M.W.)
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine (PCRM), Washington, DC 20016, USA;
| | - Ivana Campia
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (C.B.); (I.C.); (C.W.); (P.D.); (M.W.)
| | - Christian Desaintes
- European Commission, Directorate General for Research and Innovation (RTD), 1000 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Clemens Wittwehr
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (C.B.); (I.C.); (C.W.); (P.D.); (M.W.)
| | - Pierre Deceuninck
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (C.B.); (I.C.); (C.W.); (P.D.); (M.W.)
| | - Maurice Whelan
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (C.B.); (I.C.); (C.W.); (P.D.); (M.W.)
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165
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Barker RM, Holly JMP, Biernacka KM, Allen-Birt SJ, Perks CM. Mini Review: Opposing Pathologies in Cancer and Alzheimer's Disease: Does the PI3K/Akt Pathway Provide Clues? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:403. [PMID: 32655497 PMCID: PMC7324530 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This minireview is a brief overview examining the roles of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and the PI3K/Akt pathway in two apparently unconnected diseases: Alzheimer's dementia and cancer. For both, increased age is a major risk factor, and, in accord with the global rise in average life expectancy, their prevalence is also increasing. Cancer, however, involves excessive cell proliferation and metastasis, whereas Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves cell death and tissue destruction. The apparent "inverse" nature of these disease states is examined here, but also some important commonalities in terms of the PI3K/Akt pathway, glucose utilization and cell deregulation/death. The focus here is on four key molecules associated with this pathway; notably, the insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), cellular tumor antigen p53 (p53), peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (PIN1) and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1), all previously identified as potential therapeutic targets for both diseases. The insulin-resistant state, commonly reported in AD brain, results in neuronal glucose deprivation, due to a dampening down of the PI3K/Akt pathway, including overactivity of the mammalian target of rapamycin 1 (mTORC1) complex, hyperphosphorylation of p53 and neuronal death. This contrasts with cancer, where there is overstimulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway and the suppression of mTORC1 and p53, enabling abundant energy and unrestrained cell proliferation. Although these disease states appear to be diametrically opposed, the same key molecules are controlling pathology and, with differential targeting of therapeutics, may yet provide a beneficial outcome for both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M. Barker
- IGFs & Metabolic Endocrinology Group, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, Southmead Hospital, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jeff M. P. Holly
- IGFs & Metabolic Endocrinology Group, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, Southmead Hospital, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kalina M. Biernacka
- IGFs & Metabolic Endocrinology Group, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, Southmead Hospital, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Shelley J. Allen-Birt
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, Southmead Hospital, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Claire M. Perks
- IGFs & Metabolic Endocrinology Group, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, Southmead Hospital, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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166
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Chen WN, Yeong KY. Scopolamine, a Toxin-Induced Experimental Model, Used for Research in Alzheimer’s Disease. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 19:85-93. [DOI: 10.2174/1871527319666200214104331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Scopolamine as a drug is often used to treat motion sickness. Derivatives of scopolamine
have also found applications as antispasmodic drugs among others. In neuroscience-related research, it
is often used to induce cognitive disorders in experimental models as it readily permeates the bloodbrain
barrier. In the context of Alzheimer’s disease, its effects include causing cholinergic dysfunction
and increasing amyloid-β deposition, both of which are hallmarks of the disease. Hence, the application
of scopolamine in Alzheimer’s disease research is proven pivotal but seldom discussed. In this review,
the relationship between scopolamine and Alzheimer’s disease will be delineated through an
overall effect of scopolamine administration and its specific mechanisms of action, discussing mainly
its influences on cholinergic function and amyloid cascade. The validity of scopolamine as a model of
cognitive impairment or neurotoxin model will also be discussed in terms of advantages and limitations
with future insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Win Ning Chen
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Keng Yoon Yeong
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
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167
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Schmidtke D, Zimmermann E, Trouche SG, Fontès P, Verdier JM, Mestre-Francés N. Linking cognition to age and amyloid-β burden in the brain of a nonhuman primate (Microcebus murinus). Neurobiol Aging 2020; 94:207-216. [PMID: 32650184 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus) is a valuable model in research on age-related proteopathies. This nonhuman primate, comparable to humans, naturally develops tau and amyloid-β proteopathies during aging. Whether these are linked to cognitive alterations is unknown. Here, standardized cognitive testing in pairwise discrimination and reversal learning in a sample of 37 aged (>5 years) subjects was combined with tau and amyloid-β histochemistry in individuals that died naturally. Correlation analyses in successfully tested subjects (n = 22) revealed a significant relation between object discrimination learning and age, strongly influenced by outliers, suggesting pathological cases. Where neuroimmunohistochemistry was possible, as subjects deceased, the naturally developed cortical amyloid-β burden was significantly linked to pretraining success (intraneuronal accumulations) and discrimination learning (extracellular deposits), showing that cognitive (pairwise discrimination) performance in old age predicts the natural accumulation of amyloid-β at death. This is the first description of a direct relation between the cortical amyloid-β burden and cognition in a nonhuman primate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schmidtke
- Institute of Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Elke Zimmermann
- Institute of Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stéphanie G Trouche
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, U1198, PSL University, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascaline Fontès
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, U1198, PSL University, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Michel Verdier
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, U1198, PSL University, Montpellier, France
| | - Nadine Mestre-Francés
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, U1198, PSL University, Montpellier, France
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168
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Rabanel JM, Delbreil P, Banquy X, Brambilla D, Ramassamy C. Periphery-confined particulate systems for the management of neurodegenerative diseases and toxicity: Avoiding the blood-brain-barrier challenge. J Control Release 2020; 322:286-299. [PMID: 32243978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier prevents passage of large and hydrophilic molecules, undermining efforts to deliver most active molecules, proteins and other macromolecules. To date, nanoparticle-assisted delivery has been extensively studied to overcome this challenge but with limited success. On the other hand, for certain brain therapeutic applications, periphery-confined particles could be of immediate therapeutic usefulness. The modulation of CNS dysfunctions from the peripheral compartment is a promising approach, as it does not involve invasive interventions. From recent studies, three main roles could be identified for periphery-confined particles: brain tissue detoxification via the "sink-effect"; a "circulating drug-reservoir" effect to improve drug delivery to brain tissues, and finally, brain vascular endothelium targeting to diagnose or heal vascular-related dysfunctions. These applications are much easier to implement as they do not involve complex therapeutic and targeting strategies and do not require crossing biological barriers. Micro/nano-devices required for such applications will likely be simpler to synthesize and will involve fewer complex materials. Moreover, peripheral particles are expected to be less prone to neurotoxicity and issues related to their diffusion in confined space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Rabanel
- INRS, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Philippe Delbreil
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, CP. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Xavier Banquy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, CP. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Davide Brambilla
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, CP. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Charles Ramassamy
- INRS, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
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169
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Majdi A, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Rahigh Aghsan S, Farajdokht F, Vatandoust SM, Namvaran A, Mahmoudi J. Amyloid-β, tau, and the cholinergic system in Alzheimer's disease: seeking direction in a tangle of clues. Rev Neurosci 2020; 31:391-413. [PMID: 32017704 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2019-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The link between histopathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), i.e. amyloid plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles, and AD-associated cognitive impairment, has long been established. However, the introduction of interactions between amyloid-beta (Aβ) as well as hyperphosphorylated tau, and the cholinergic system to the territory of descriptive neuropathology has drastically changed this field by adding the theory of synaptic neurotransmission to the toxic pas de deux in AD. Accumulating data show that a multitarget approach involving all amyloid, tau, and cholinergic hypotheses could better explain the evolution of events happening in AD. Various species of both Aβ and tau could be traced in cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain system early in the course of the disease. These molecules induce degeneration in the neurons of this system. Reciprocally, aberrant cholinergic system modulation promotes changes in amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism and tau phosphorylation, resulting in neurotoxicity, neuroinflammation, and neuronal death. Altogether, these changes may better correlate with the clinical findings and cognitive impairment detected in AD patients. Failure of several of Aβ- and tau-related therapies further highlights the need for special attention to molecules that target all of these mentioned pathologic changes. Another noteworthy fact here is that none of the popular hypotheses of AD such as amyloidopathy or tauopathy seem to be responsible for the changes observed in AD alone. Thus, the main culprit should be sought higher in the stream somewhere in APP metabolism or Wnt signaling in the cholinergic system of the basal forebrain. Future studies should target these pathological events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Majdi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51368, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51368, Iran
| | - Sepideh Rahigh Aghsan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51368, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Farajdokht
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51368, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehdi Vatandoust
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51368, Iran
| | - Ali Namvaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51368, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51368, Iran
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170
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Liu Q, Zhu L, Liu X, Zheng J, Liu Y, Ruan X, Cao S, Cai H, Li Z, Xue Y. TRA2A-induced upregulation of LINC00662 regulates blood-brain barrier permeability by affecting ELK4 mRNA stability in Alzheimer's microenvironment. RNA Biol 2020; 17:1293-1308. [PMID: 32372707 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1756055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a pivotal role in the maintenance and regulation of the neural microenvironment. The BBB breakdown is a pathological change in early Alzheimer's disease (AD). RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the regulation of BBB permeability. Our study demonstrates the role of TRA2A/LINC00662/ELK4 axis in regulating BBB permeability in AD microenvironment. In Aβ1-42-incubated microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) of the BBB model in vitro, TRA2A and LINC00662 were enriched. TRA2A increased the stability of LINC00662 by binding with it. The knockdown of either TRA2A or LINC00662 decreased BBB permeability due to increased expression of tight junction-related proteins. ELK4 was less expressed in the BBB model in AD microenvironment in vitro. LINC00662 mediated the degradation of ELK4 mRNA by SMD pathway. Downregulation of ELK4 increased BBB permeability by increasing the tight junction-related protein expression.TRA2A/LINC00662/ELK4 axis plays a crucial role in the regulation of BBB permeability in AD microenvironment, which may provide a novel target for the therapy of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianshuo Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobai Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease , Shenyang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease , Shenyang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease , Shenyang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelei Ruan
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Cao
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease , Shenyang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease , Shenyang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixue Xue
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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171
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Feng L, Wang H, Xue X. Recent Progress of Nanomedicine in the Treatment of Central Nervous System Diseases. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leyan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of Pharmacy, Nankai University Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road Tianjin 300353 P. R. China
| | - Heping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of Pharmacy, Nankai University Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road Tianjin 300353 P. R. China
| | - Xue Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of Pharmacy, Nankai University Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road Tianjin 300353 P. R. China
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172
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Dabur M, Loureiro JA, Pereira MC. Fluorinated Molecules and Nanotechnology: Future 'Avengers' against the Alzheimer's Disease? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082989. [PMID: 32340267 PMCID: PMC7216102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a serious health concern, affecting millions of people globally, which leads to cognitive impairment, dementia, and inevitable death. There is still no medically accepted treatment for AD. Developing therapeutic treatments for AD is an overwhelming challenge in the medicinal field, as the exact mechanics underlying its devastating symptoms is still not completely understood. Rather than the unknown mechanism of the disease, one of the limiting factors in developing new drugs for AD is the blood–brain barrier (BBB). A combination of nanotechnology with fluorinated molecules is proposed as a promising therapeutic treatment to meet the desired pharmacokinetic/physiochemical properties for crossing the BBB passage. This paper reviews the research conducted on fluorine-containing compounds and fluorinated nanoparticles (NPs) that have been designed and tested for the inhibition of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide aggregation. Additionally, this study summarizes fluorinated molecules and NPs as promising agents and further future work is encouraged to be effective for the treatment of AD.
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173
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Hook V, Yoon M, Mosier C, Ito G, Podvin S, Head BP, Rissman R, O'Donoghue AJ, Hook G. Cathepsin B in neurodegeneration of Alzheimer's disease, traumatic brain injury, and related brain disorders. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1868:140428. [PMID: 32305689 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Investigations of Alzheimer's disease (AD), traumatic brain injury (TBI), and related brain disorders have provided extensive evidence for involvement of cathepsin B, a lysosomal cysteine protease, in mediating the behavioral deficits and neuropathology of these neurodegenerative diseases. This review integrates findings of cathepsin B regulation in clinical biomarker studies, animal model genetic and inhibitor evaluations, structural studies, and lysosomal cell biological mechanisms in AD, TBI, and related brain disorders. The results together indicate the role of cathepsin B in the behavioral deficits and neuropathology of these disorders. Lysosomal leakage occurs in AD and TBI, and related neurodegeneration, which leads to the hypothesis that cathepsin B is redistributed from the lysosome to the cytosol where it initiates cell death and inflammation processes associated with neurodegeneration. These results together implicate cathepsin B as a major contributor to these neuropathological changes and behavioral deficits. These findings support the investigation of cathepsin B as a potential drug target for therapeutic discovery and treatment of AD, TBI, and TBI-related brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Hook
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America; Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America.
| | - Michael Yoon
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Charles Mosier
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Gen Ito
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Sonia Podvin
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Brian P Head
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, United States of America; Department of Anesthesia, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Robert Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America; VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Anthony J O'Donoghue
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Gregory Hook
- American Life Sciences Pharmaceuticals, Inc., La Jolla, CA, United States of America
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174
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Abstract
Despite recent rapid advances in medical knowledge that have improved survival, conventional medical science's understanding of human health and disease relies heavily on people of European descent living in contemporary urban industrialized environments. Given that modern conditions in high-income countries differ widely in terms of lifestyle and exposures compared to those experienced by billions of people and all our ancestors over several hundred thousand years, this narrow approach to the human body and health is very limiting. We argue that preventing and treating chronic diseases of aging and other mismatch diseases will require both expanding study design to sample diverse populations and contexts, and fully incorporating evolutionary perspectives. In this paper, we first assess the extent of biased representation of industrialized populations in high profile, international biomedical journals, then compare patterns of morbidity and health across world regions. We also compare demographic rates and the force of selection between subsistence and industrialized populations to reflect on the changes in how selection operates on fertility and survivorship across the lifespan. We argue that, contrary to simplistic misguided solutions like the PaleoDiet, the hypothesis of evolutionary mismatch needs critical consideration of population history, evolutionary biology and evolved reaction norms to prevent and treat diseases. We highlight the critical value of broader sampling by considering the effects of three key exposures that have radically changed over the past century in many parts of the world-pathogen burden, reproductive effort and physical activity-on autoimmune, cardiometabolic and other mismatch diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA
| | - Daniel E Lieberman
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
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175
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Parets S, Irigoyen Á, Ordinas M, Cabot J, Miralles M, Arbona L, Péter M, Balogh G, Fernández-García P, Busquets X, Lladó V, Escribá PV, Torres M. 2-Hydroxy-Docosahexaenoic Acid Is Converted Into Heneicosapentaenoic Acid via α-Oxidation: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:164. [PMID: 32292781 PMCID: PMC7122748 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with as yet no efficient therapies, the pathophysiology of which is still largely unclear. Many drugs and therapies have been designed and developed in the past decade to stop or slow down this neurodegenerative process, although none has successfully terminated a phase-III clinical trial in humans. Most therapies have been inspired by the amyloid cascade hypothesis, which has more recently come under question due to the almost complete failure of clinical trials of anti-amyloid/tau therapies to date. To shift the perspective for the design of new AD therapies, membrane lipid therapy has been tested, which assumes that brain lipid alterations lie upstream in the pathophysiology of AD. A hydroxylated derivative of docosahexaenoic acid was used, 2-hydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA-H), which has been tested in a number of animal models and has shown efficacy against hallmarks of AD pathology. Here, for the first time, DHA-H is shown to undergo α-oxidation to generate the heneicosapentaenoic acid (HPA, C21:5, n-3) metabolite, an odd-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid that accumulates in cell cultures, mouse blood plasma and brain tissue upon DHA-H treatment, reaching higher concentrations than those of DHA-H itself. Interestingly, DHA-H does not share metabolic routes with its natural analog DHA (C22:6, n-3) but rather, DHA-H and DHA accumulate distinctly, both having different effects on cell fatty acid composition. This is partly explained because DHA-H α-hydroxyl group provokes steric hindrance on fatty acid carbon 1, which in turn leads to diminished incorporation into cell lipids and accumulation as free fatty acid in cell membranes. Finally, DHA-H administration to mice elevated the brain HPA levels, which was directly and positively correlated with cognitive spatial scores in AD mice, apparently in the absence of DHA-H and without any significant change in brain DHA levels. Thus, the evidence presented in this work suggest that the metabolic conversion of DHA-H into HPA could represent a key event in the therapeutic effects of DHA-H against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastià Parets
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Department of Neurosciences and Neurology, Laminar Pharmaceuticals SL, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ángel Irigoyen
- Instrumental Techniques Laboratory, DDUNAV-Drug Development Unit-University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Margarita Ordinas
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Joan Cabot
- Department of Neurosciences and Neurology, Laminar Pharmaceuticals SL, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Marc Miralles
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Department of Neurosciences and Neurology, Laminar Pharmaceuticals SL, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Laura Arbona
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Mária Péter
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Balogh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Paula Fernández-García
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Department of Neurosciences and Neurology, Laminar Pharmaceuticals SL, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Xavier Busquets
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Victoria Lladó
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Department of Neurosciences and Neurology, Laminar Pharmaceuticals SL, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Pablo V Escribá
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Department of Neurosciences and Neurology, Laminar Pharmaceuticals SL, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Manuel Torres
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Department of Neurosciences and Neurology, Laminar Pharmaceuticals SL, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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176
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Leira Y, Carballo Á, Orlandi M, Aldrey JM, Pías‐Peleteiro JM, Moreno F, Vázquez‐Vázquez L, Campos F, D’Aiuto F, Castillo J, Sobrino T, Blanco J. Periodontitis and systemic markers of neurodegeneration: A case–control study. J Clin Periodontol 2020; 47:561-571. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yago Leira
- Periodontology Unit UCL Eastman Dental Institute and NIHR UCLH Biomedical Research Centre University College London London UK
- Periodontology Unit Faculty of Medicine and Odontology University of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Medical‐Surgical Dentistry (OMEQUI) Research Group Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS) Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Álvaro Carballo
- Periodontology Unit Faculty of Medicine and Odontology University of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Marco Orlandi
- Periodontology Unit UCL Eastman Dental Institute and NIHR UCLH Biomedical Research Centre University College London London UK
| | - José Manuel Aldrey
- Dementia Unit Department of Neurology Clinical University Hospital Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS) Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Pías‐Peleteiro
- Dementia Unit Department of Neurology Clinical University Hospital Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS) Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Federico Moreno
- Periodontology Unit UCL Eastman Dental Institute and NIHR UCLH Biomedical Research Centre University College London London UK
| | - Laura Vázquez‐Vázquez
- Dementia Unit Department of Neurology Clinical University Hospital Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS) Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Francisco Campos
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS) Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Francesco D’Aiuto
- Periodontology Unit UCL Eastman Dental Institute and NIHR UCLH Biomedical Research Centre University College London London UK
| | - José Castillo
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS) Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Tomás Sobrino
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS) Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Juan Blanco
- Periodontology Unit Faculty of Medicine and Odontology University of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Medical‐Surgical Dentistry (OMEQUI) Research Group Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS) Santiago de Compostela Spain
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177
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Sims R, Hill M, Williams J. The multiplex model of the genetics of Alzheimer's disease. Nat Neurosci 2020; 23:311-322. [PMID: 32112059 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-0599-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Genes play a strong role in Alzheimer's disease (AD), with late-onset AD showing heritability of 58-79% and early-onset AD showing over 90%. Genetic association provides a robust platform to build our understanding of the etiology of this complex disease. Over 50 loci are now implicated for AD, suggesting that AD is a disease of multiple components, as supported by pathway analyses (immunity, endocytosis, cholesterol transport, ubiquitination, amyloid-β and tau processing). Over 50% of late-onset AD heritability has been captured, allowing researchers to calculate the accumulation of AD genetic risk through polygenic risk scores. A polygenic risk score predicts disease with up to 90% accuracy and is an exciting tool in our research armory that could allow selection of those with high polygenic risk scores for clinical trials and precision medicine. It could also allow cellular modelling of the combined risk. Here we propose the multiplex model as a new perspective from which to understand AD. The multiplex model reflects the combination of some, or all, of these model components (genetic and environmental), in a tissue-specific manner, to trigger or sustain a disease cascade, which ultimately results in the cell and synaptic loss observed in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Sims
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Matthew Hill
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Julie Williams
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
- UK Dementia Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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178
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Cao K, Dong YT, Xiang J, Xu Y, Li Y, Song H, Yu WF, Qi XL, Guan ZZ. The neuroprotective effects of SIRT1 in mice carrying the APP/PS1 double-transgenic mutation and in SH-SY5Y cells over-expressing human APP670/671 may involve elevated levels of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:1792-1807. [PMID: 32003755 PMCID: PMC7053601 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to determine whether the neuroprotective effect of SIRT1 in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), due to inhibition of aggregation of the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ), involves activation of α7 nAChR. In present study, four-month-old APP/PS1 mice were administered resveratrol (RSV) or suramin once daily for two months, following which their spatial learning and memory were assessed using the Morris water maze test. Deposits of Aβ in vivo were detected by near-infrared imaging (NIRI) and confocal laser scanning. SH-SY5Y/APPswe cells were treated with RSV, suramin, U0126 or methyllycaconitine (MLA). Levels of proteins and mRNA were determined by Western blotting and qRT-PCR, respectively. The results show that activation of SIRT1 improved their spatial learning and memory and reduced the production and aggregation of Aβ in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex; whereas inhibition of SIRT1 had the opposite effects. In addition, activation of SIRT1 increased the levels of both α7 nAChR and αAPP in the brains these animals. Finally, activation of SIRT1 elevated the levels of pERK1/2, while inhibition of ERK1/2 counteracted the increase in α7 nAChR caused by RSV. These findings indicate that neuroprotection by SIRT1 may involve increasing levels of α7 nAChR through activation of the MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Cao
- Department of Pathology at Guizhou Medical University and Pathology Department in Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P. R. of China
| | - Yang-Ting Dong
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of the Ministry of Education of P. R. China (Guizhou Medical University), Guiyang, Guizhou, P. R. of China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guiyang, Guizhou, P. R. of China
| | - Jie Xiang
- Department of Pathology at Guizhou Medical University and Pathology Department in Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P. R. of China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Pathology at Guizhou Medical University and Pathology Department in Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P. R. of China.,Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of the Ministry of Education of P. R. China (Guizhou Medical University), Guiyang, Guizhou, P. R. of China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guiyang, Guizhou, P. R. of China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of the Ministry of Education of P. R. China (Guizhou Medical University), Guiyang, Guizhou, P. R. of China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guiyang, Guizhou, P. R. of China
| | - Hui Song
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of the Ministry of Education of P. R. China (Guizhou Medical University), Guiyang, Guizhou, P. R. of China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guiyang, Guizhou, P. R. of China
| | - Wen-Feng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of the Ministry of Education of P. R. China (Guizhou Medical University), Guiyang, Guizhou, P. R. of China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guiyang, Guizhou, P. R. of China
| | - Xiao-Lan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of the Ministry of Education of P. R. China (Guizhou Medical University), Guiyang, Guizhou, P. R. of China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guiyang, Guizhou, P. R. of China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Guan
- Department of Pathology at Guizhou Medical University and Pathology Department in Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P. R. of China.,Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of the Ministry of Education of P. R. China (Guizhou Medical University), Guiyang, Guizhou, P. R. of China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guiyang, Guizhou, P. R. of China
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179
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Targeting Aggrephagy for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020311. [PMID: 32012902 PMCID: PMC7072705 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in older individuals with specific neuropsychiatric symptoms. It is a proteinopathy, pathologically characterized by the presence of misfolded protein (Aβ and Tau) aggregates in the brain, causing progressive dementia. Increasing studies have provided evidence that the defect in protein-degrading systems, especially the autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP), plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. Recent studies have demonstrated that AD-associated protein aggregates can be selectively recognized by some receptors and then be degraded by ALP, a process termed aggrephagy. In this study, we reviewed the role of aggrephagy in AD development and discussed the strategy of promoting aggrephagy using small molecules for the treatment of AD.
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180
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Uddin MS, Kabir MT, Tewari D, Mathew B, Aleya L. Emerging signal regulating potential of small molecule biflavonoids to combat neuropathological insults of Alzheimer's disease. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 700:134836. [PMID: 31704512 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, chronic and severe neurodegenerative disorder linked with cognitive and memory impairment that eventually lead to death. There are several processes which can cause AD, including mitochondrial dysfunction-mediated oxidative stress (OS), intracellular buildup of hyper-phosphorylated tau as neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and excessive buildup of extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques, and/or genetic as well as the environmental factors. Existing treatments can only provide symptomatic relief via providing temporary palliative therapy which can weaken the rate of AD-associated cognitive decline. Plants are the fundamental building blocks for the environment and produce various secondary metabolites. Biflavonoids are one among such secondary metabolite that possesses the potential to mediate noticeable change in the aggregation of tau, Aβ and also efficiently can decrease the toxic effects of Aβ oligomers in comparison with the monoflavonoid moieties. Nevertheless, the molecular processes remain to be exposed, flavonoids are found to cause a change in the Aβ and tau aggregation pathway to generate non-toxic aggregates. In this review, we discuss the neuroprotective action of small molecule biflavonoid to reduce the neurodegenerative events of AD. Furthermore, this appraisal advances our knowledge to develop potential new targets for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | | | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ahalia School of Pharmacy, Palakkad, India
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France.
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181
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Golriz Khatami S, Robinson C, Birkenbihl C, Domingo-Fernández D, Hoyt CT, Hofmann-Apitius M. Challenges of Integrative Disease Modeling in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 6:158. [PMID: 31993440 PMCID: PMC6971060 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia-related diseases like Alzheimer's Disease (AD) have a tremendous social and economic cost. A deeper understanding of its underlying pathophysiologies may provide an opportunity for earlier detection and therapeutic intervention. Previous approaches for characterizing AD were targeted at single aspects of the disease. Yet, due to the complex nature of AD, the success of these approaches was limited. However, in recent years, advancements in integrative disease modeling, built on a wide range of AD biomarkers, have taken a global view on the disease, facilitating more comprehensive analysis and interpretation. Integrative AD models can be sorted in two primary types, namely hypothetical models and data-driven models. The latter group split into two subgroups: (i) Models that use traditional statistical methods such as linear models, (ii) Models that take advantage of more advanced artificial intelligence approaches such as machine learning. While many integrative AD models have been published over the last decade, their impact on clinical practice is limited. There exist major challenges in the course of integrative AD modeling, namely data missingness and censoring, imprecise human-involved priori knowledge, model reproducibility, dataset interoperability, dataset integration, and model interpretability. In this review, we highlight recent advancements and future possibilities of integrative modeling in the field of AD research, showcase and discuss the limitations and challenges involved, and finally, propose avenues to address several of these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepehr Golriz Khatami
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing, Sankt Augustin, Germany
- Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christine Robinson
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing, Sankt Augustin, Germany
- Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Colin Birkenbihl
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing, Sankt Augustin, Germany
- Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel Domingo-Fernández
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing, Sankt Augustin, Germany
- Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Charles Tapley Hoyt
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing, Sankt Augustin, Germany
- Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Hofmann-Apitius
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing, Sankt Augustin, Germany
- Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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182
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Accorroni A, Rutigliano G, Sabatini M, Frascarelli S, Borsò M, Novelli E, Bandini L, Ghelardoni S, Saba A, Zucchi R, Origlia N. Exogenous 3-Iodothyronamine Rescues the Entorhinal Cortex from β-Amyloid Toxicity. Thyroid 2020; 30:147-160. [PMID: 31709926 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2019.0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: A novel form of thyroid hormone (TH) signaling is represented by 3-iodothyronamine (T1AM), an endogenous TH derivative that interacts with specific molecular targets, including trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1), and induces pro-learning and anti-amnestic effects in mice. Dysregulation of TH signaling has long been hypothesized to play a role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present investigation, we explored the neuroprotective role of T1AM in beta amyloid (Aβ)-induced synaptic and behavioral impairment, focusing on the entorhinal cortex (EC), an area that is affected early by AD pathology. Methods: Field potentials were evoked in EC layer II, and long-term potentiation (LTP) was elicited by high frequency stimulation (HFS). T1AM (5 μM) and/or Aβ(1-42) (200 nM), were administered for 10 minutes, starting 5 minutes before HFS. Selective TAAR1 agonist RO5166017 (250 nM) and TAAR1 antagonist EPPTB (5 nM) were also used. The electrophysiological experiments were repeated in EC-slices taken from a mouse model of AD (mutant human amyloid precursor protein [mhAPP], J20 line). We also assessed the in vivo effects of T1AM on EC-dependent associative memory deficits, which were detected in mhAPP mice by behavioral evaluations based on the novel-object recognition paradigm. TAAR1 expression was determined by Western blot, whereas T1AM and its metabolite 3-iodothyroacetic acid (TA1) were assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Results: We demonstrate the presence of endogenous T1AM and TAAR1 in the EC of wild-type and mhAPP mice. Exposure to Aβ(1-42) inhibited LTP, and T1AM perfusion (at a concentration of 5 μM, leading to an actual concentration in the perfusion buffer ranging from 44 to 298 nM) restored it, whereas equimolar amounts of 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) and TA1 were ineffective. The response to T1AM was abolished by the TAAR1 antagonist EPPTB, whereas it was mimicked by the TAAR1 agonist RO5166017. In the EC of APPJ20 mice, LTP could not be elicited, but it was rescued by T1AM. The intra-cerebro-ventricular administration of T1AM (0.89 μg/kg) also restored recognition memory that was impaired in mhAPP mice. Conclusions: Our results suggest that T1AM and TAAR1 are part of an endogenous system that can be modulated to prevent synaptic and behavioral deficits associated with Aβ-related toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Accorroni
- Scuola Superiore di Studi Universitari e di Perfezionamento Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Neuroscience of the Italian National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Grazia Rutigliano
- Scuola Superiore di Studi Universitari e di Perfezionamento Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Marco Borsò
- Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Novelli
- Institute of Neuroscience of the Italian National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Nicola Origlia
- Institute of Neuroscience of the Italian National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
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183
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Xiao L, Liao F, Ide R, Horie T, Fan Y, Saiki C, Miwa N. Enzyme-digested Colla Corii Asini (E'jiao) prevents hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death and accelerates amyloid beta clearance in neuronal-like PC12 cells. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:2270-2272. [PMID: 32594048 PMCID: PMC7749479 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.285000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
As an aging-associated degenerative disease, Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by the deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ), oxidative stress, inflammation, dysfunction and loss of cholinergic neurons. Colla Corii Asini (CCA) is a traditional Chinese medicine which has been used for feebleness-related diseases and anti-aging. CCA might delay aging-induced degenerative changes in neurons. In the present study, we evaluated antioxidant activity, cytoprotective effects, and Aβ removability of enzyme-digested Colla Corii Asini (CCAD). Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) activity assay showed that, as compared to gelatins from the skin of porcine, bovine and cold water fish, CCA exhibited the highest ORAC activity. The ORAC activity of CCA and CCAD was increased gradually by the length of time in storage. Ultrastructure analysis by scanning electron microscopy showed that among CCA manufactured in 2008, 2013, 2017 and gelatin from cold water fish skin, CCA manufactured in 2008 presented the smoothest surface structure. We further tested the protective effects of CCAD (manufactured in 2008) and enzyme-digested gelatin from cold water fish skin (FGD) on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cell death in nerve growth factor-differentiated neuronal-like PC12 cells. Presto blue assay showed that both FGD and CCAD at 0.5 mg/mL increased cell viability in H2O2-treated neuronal-like PC12 cells. The protection of CCAD was significantly superior to that of FGD. Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) assay showed that both FGD and CCAD inhibited AchE activity in nerve growth factor-differentiated neuronal-like PC12 cells to 89.1% and 74.5% of that in non-treated cells, respectively. The data suggest that CCAD might be able to increase the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Although CCAD inhibited AchE activity in neuronal-like PC12 cells, CCAD prevented H2O2-induced abnormal deterioration of AchE. ELISA and neprilysin activity assay results indicated that CCAD reduced amyloid beta accumulation and increased neprilysin activity in Aβ1–42-treated neuronal-like PC12 cells, suggesting that CCAD can enhance Aβ clearance. Our results suggest that CCA might be useful for preventing and treating Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, The Nippon Dental University, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Feng Liao
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co. Ltd., Liaocheng, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ryoji Ide
- Department of Physiology, The Nippon Dental University, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Horie
- Research Center, The Nippon Dental University, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumei Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co. Ltd., Liaocheng, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chikako Saiki
- Department of Physiology, The Nippon Dental University, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Miwa
- Department of Life Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
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184
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Wang C, Holtzman DM. Bidirectional relationship between sleep and Alzheimer's disease: role of amyloid, tau, and other factors. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:104-120. [PMID: 31408876 PMCID: PMC6879647 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0478-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
As we age, we experience changes in our nighttime sleep and daytime wakefulness. Individuals afflicted with Alzheimer's disease (AD) can develop sleep problems even before memory and other cognitive deficits are reported. As the disease progresses and cognitive changes ensue, sleep disturbances become even more debilitating. Thus, it is imperative to gain a better understanding of the relationship between sleep and AD pathogenesis. We postulate a bidirectional relationship between sleep and the neuropathological hallmarks of AD; in particular, the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau. Our research group has shown that extracellular levels of both Aβ and tau fluctuate during the normal sleep-wake cycle. Disturbed sleep and increased wakefulness acutely lead to increased Aβ production and decreased Aβ clearance, whereas Aβ aggregation and deposition is enhanced by chronic increased wakefulness in animal models. Once Aβ accumulates, there is evidence in both mice and humans that this results in disturbed sleep. New findings from our group reveal that acute sleep deprivation increases levels of tau in mouse brain interstitial fluid (ISF) and human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and chronic sleep deprivation accelerates the spread of tau protein aggregates in neural networks. Finally, recent evidence also suggests that accumulation of tau aggregates in the brain correlates with decreased nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep slow wave activity. In this review, we first provide a brief overview of the AD and sleep literature and then highlight recent advances in the understanding of the relationship between sleep and AD pathogenesis. Importantly, the effects of the bidirectional relationship between the sleep-wake cycle and tau have not been previously discussed in other reviews on this topic. Lastly, we provide possible directions for future studies on the role of sleep in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanung Wang
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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185
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Akimoto H, Negishi A, Oshima S, Wakiyama H, Okita M, Horii N, Inoue N, Ohshima S, Kobayashi D. Antidiabetic Drugs for the Risk of Alzheimer Disease in Patients With Type 2 DM Using FAERS. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2020; 35:1533317519899546. [PMID: 32162525 PMCID: PMC11005324 DOI: 10.1177/1533317519899546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) may develop after the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the risk of AD may depend on the antidiabetic drug administered. We compared the risk of AD among 66 085 patients (≥ 65 years) with T2DM (1250 having concomitant AD) who had been administered antidiabetic drug monotherapy for T2DM who had voluntarily reported themselves in the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System. The risk of AD from the use of different antidiabetic drug monotherapies compared to that of metformin monotherapy was assessed by logistic regression. Rosiglitazone (adjusted reporting odds ratio [aROR] = 0.11; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.07-0.17; P < .001), exenatide (aROR = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.11-0.37; P < .001), liraglutide (aROR = 0.36; 95% CI: 0.19-0.62; P < .001), dulaglutide (aROR = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.17-0.77; P = .014), and sitagliptin (aROR = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.60-0.93; P = .011) were found to have a significantly lower associated risk of AD than that of metformin. Therefore, the administration of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and rosiglitazone may reduce the risk of AD in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Akimoto
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Analytical Pharmaceutics and Informatics, Josai University, Sakado, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akio Negishi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Analytical Pharmaceutics and Informatics, Josai University, Sakado, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shinji Oshima
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Analytical Pharmaceutics and Informatics, Josai University, Sakado, Saitama, Japan
| | - Haruna Wakiyama
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Analytical Pharmaceutics and Informatics, Josai University, Sakado, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Norimitsu Horii
- Josai University Pharmacy, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacy Management, Josai University, Sakado, Saitama, Japan
| | - Naoko Inoue
- Josai University Pharmacy, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacy Management, Josai University, Sakado, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shigeru Ohshima
- Josai University Pharmacy, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacy Management, Josai University, Sakado, Saitama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Analytical Pharmaceutics and Informatics, Josai University, Sakado, Saitama, Japan
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186
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Modulation of neuroinflammation by cysteinyl leukotriene 1 and 2 receptors: implications for cerebral ischemia and neurodegenerative diseases. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 87:1-10. [PMID: 31986345 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a complex biological process and has been known to play an important role in age-related cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, such as cerebral ischemia, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) are potent inflammatory lipid mediators that exhibit actions mainly through activating type 1 and type 2 CysLT receptors (CysLT1 and CysLT2). Accumulating evidence shows that CysLT1 and CysLT2 are activated at different stages of pathological process in various cell types in the brain such as vascular endothelial cells, astrocytes, microglia, and neurons in response to insults. However, the precise roles and mechanisms of CysLT1 and CysLT2 in regulating the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease are not fully understood. In this article, we focus on current advances that link activation of CysLT1 and CysLT2 to the pathological process during brain ischemia and neurodegeneration and discuss mechanisms by which CysLT1 and CysLT2 mediate inflammatory process and brain injury. Multitarget anti-inflammatory potentials of CysLT1 and CysLT2 antagonism for neuroinflammation and brain injury will also be reviewed.
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187
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Weigand AJ, Bangen KJ, Thomas KR, Delano-Wood L, Gilbert PE, Brickman AM, Bondi MW. Is tau in the absence of amyloid on the Alzheimer's continuum?: A study of discordant PET positivity. Brain Commun 2019; 2:fcz046. [PMID: 32051933 PMCID: PMC7001143 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcz046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyloid cascade model of Alzheimer’s disease posits the primacy of amyloid beta deposition preceding tau-mediated neurofibrillary tangle formation. The amyloid-tau-neurodegeneration biomarker-only diagnostic framework similarly requires the presence of amyloid beta for a diagnosis on the Alzheimer’s continuum. However, medial temporal lobe tau pathology in the absence of amyloid beta is frequently observed at autopsy in cognitively normal individuals, a phenomenon that may reflect a consequence of aging and has been labelled ‘primary age-related tauopathy’. Alternatively, others argue that this tauopathy reflects an early stage of the developmental continuum leading to Alzheimer’s disease. We used positron emission tomography imaging to investigate amyloid beta and tau positivity and associations with cognition to better inform the conceptualization of biomarker changes in Alzheimer’s pathogenesis. Five hundred twenty-three individuals from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative who had undergone flortaucipir positron emission tomography imaging were selected to derive positron emission tomography positivity thresholds using conditional inference decision tree regression. A subsample of 301 individuals without dementia (i.e. those with normal cognition or mild cognitive impairment) had also undergone florbetapir positron emission tomography imaging within 12 months and were categorized into one of the four groups based on cortical amyloid and Braak stage I/II tau positivity: A−/T−, A+/T−, A−/T+, or A+/T+. Tau positivity in the absence of amyloid beta positivity (i.e. A−/T+) comprised the largest group, representing 45% of the sample. In contrast, only 6% of the sample was identified as A+/T−, and the remainder of the sample fell into A−/T− (22%) or A+/T+ (27%) categories. A−/T− and A+/T− groups had the best cognitive performances across memory, language and executive function; the A−/T+ group showed small-to-moderate relative decreases in cognition; and the A+/T+ group had the worst cognitive performances. Furthermore, there were negative associations between Braak stage I/II tau values and all cognitive domains only in the A−/T+ and A+/T+ groups, with strongest associations for the A+/T+ group. Among our sample of older adults across the Alzheimer’s pathological spectrum, 7-fold fewer individuals have positron emission tomography evidence of amyloid beta pathology in the absence of tau pathology than the converse, challenging prevailing models of amyloid beta’s primacy in Alzheimer’s pathogenesis. Given that cognitive performance in the A−/T+ group was poorer than in individuals without either pathology, our results suggest that medial temporal lobe tau without cortical amyloid beta may reflect an early stage on the Alzheimer’s pathological continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J Weigand
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Katherine J Bangen
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Kelsey R Thomas
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Lisa Delano-Wood
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Paul E Gilbert
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Adam M Brickman
- Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Mark W Bondi
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
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188
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Sorond FA, Whitehead S, Arai K, Arnold D, Carmichael ST, De Carli C, Duering M, Fornage M, Flores-Obando RE, Graff-Radford J, Hamel E, Hess DC, Ihara M, Jensen MK, Markus HS, Montagne A, Rosenberg G, Shih AY, Smith EE, Thiel A, Tse KH, Wilcock D, Barone F. Proceedings from the Albert Charitable Trust Inaugural Workshop on white matter and cognition in aging. GeroScience 2019; 42:81-96. [PMID: 31811528 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00141-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This third in a series of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) workshops, supported by "The Leo and Anne Albert Charitable Trust," was held from February 8 to 12 at the Omni Resort in Carlsbad, CA. This workshop followed the information gathered from the earlier two workshops suggesting that we focus more specifically on brain white matter in age-related cognitive impairment. The Scientific Program Committee (Frank Barone, Shawn Whitehead, Eric Smith, and Rod Corriveau) assembled translational, clinical, and basic scientists with unique expertise in acute and chronic white matter injury at the intersection of cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative etiologies. As in previous Albert Trust workshops, invited participants addressed key topics related to mechanisms of white matter injury, biomarkers of white matter injury, and interventions to prevent white matter injury and age-related cognitive decline. This report provides a synopsis of the presentations and discussions by the participants, including the existing knowledge gaps and the delineation of the next steps towards advancing our understanding of white matter injury and age-related cognitive decline. Workshop discussions and consensus resulted in action by The Albert Trust to (1) increase support from biannual to annual "White Matter and Cognition" workshops; (2) provide funding for two collaborative, novel research grants annually submitted by meeting participants; and (3) coordinate the formation of the "Albert Research Institute for White Matter and Cognition." This institute will fill a gap in white matter science, providing white matter and cognition communications, including annual updates from workshops and the literature and interconnecting with other Albert Trust scientific endeavors in cognition and dementia, and providing support for newly established collaborations between seasoned investigators and to the development of talented young investigators in the VCI-dementia (VCID) and white matter cognition arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh A Sorond
- Department of Neurology, Division Stroke and Neurocritical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N. Michigan Ave, suite 1150, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Shawn Whitehead
- Department of Neurology, Division Stroke and Neurocritical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N. Michigan Ave, suite 1150, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Ken Arai
- Department of Neurology, Division Stroke and Neurocritical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N. Michigan Ave, suite 1150, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Douglas Arnold
- Department of Neurology, Division Stroke and Neurocritical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N. Michigan Ave, suite 1150, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - S Thomas Carmichael
- Department of Neurology, Division Stroke and Neurocritical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N. Michigan Ave, suite 1150, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Charles De Carli
- Department of Neurology, Division Stroke and Neurocritical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N. Michigan Ave, suite 1150, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Marco Duering
- Department of Neurology, Division Stroke and Neurocritical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N. Michigan Ave, suite 1150, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Department of Neurology, Division Stroke and Neurocritical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N. Michigan Ave, suite 1150, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Rafael E Flores-Obando
- Department of Neurology, Division Stroke and Neurocritical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N. Michigan Ave, suite 1150, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jonathan Graff-Radford
- Department of Neurology, Division Stroke and Neurocritical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N. Michigan Ave, suite 1150, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Edith Hamel
- Department of Neurology, Division Stroke and Neurocritical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N. Michigan Ave, suite 1150, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - David C Hess
- Department of Neurology, Division Stroke and Neurocritical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N. Michigan Ave, suite 1150, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Massafumi Ihara
- Department of Neurology, Division Stroke and Neurocritical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N. Michigan Ave, suite 1150, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Majken K Jensen
- Department of Neurology, Division Stroke and Neurocritical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N. Michigan Ave, suite 1150, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Hugh S Markus
- Department of Neurology, Division Stroke and Neurocritical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N. Michigan Ave, suite 1150, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Axel Montagne
- Department of Neurology, Division Stroke and Neurocritical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N. Michigan Ave, suite 1150, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Gary Rosenberg
- Department of Neurology, Division Stroke and Neurocritical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N. Michigan Ave, suite 1150, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Andy Y Shih
- Department of Neurology, Division Stroke and Neurocritical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N. Michigan Ave, suite 1150, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Eric E Smith
- Department of Neurology, Division Stroke and Neurocritical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N. Michigan Ave, suite 1150, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Alex Thiel
- Department of Neurology, Division Stroke and Neurocritical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N. Michigan Ave, suite 1150, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Kai Hei Tse
- Department of Neurology, Division Stroke and Neurocritical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N. Michigan Ave, suite 1150, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Donna Wilcock
- Department of Neurology, Division Stroke and Neurocritical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N. Michigan Ave, suite 1150, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Frank Barone
- Department of Neurology, Division Stroke and Neurocritical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N. Michigan Ave, suite 1150, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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189
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Wood T, Nance E. Disease-directed engineering for physiology-driven treatment interventions in neurological disorders. APL Bioeng 2019; 3:040901. [PMID: 31673672 PMCID: PMC6811362 DOI: 10.1063/1.5117299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disease is killing us. While there have long been attempts to develop therapies for both acute and chronic neurological diseases, no current treatments are curative. Additionally, therapeutic development for neurological disease takes 15 years and often costs several billion dollars. More than 96% of these therapies will fail in late stage clinical trials. Engineering novel treatment interventions for neurological disease can improve outcomes and quality of life for millions; however, therapeutics should be designed with the underlying physiology and pathology in mind. In this perspective, we aim to unpack the importance of, and need to understand, the physiology of neurological disease. We first dive into the normal physiological considerations that should guide experimental design, and then assess the pathophysiological factors of acute and chronic neurological disease that should direct treatment design. We provide an analysis of a nanobased therapeutic intervention that proved successful in translation due to incorporation of physiology at all stages of the research process. We also provide an opinion on the importance of keeping a high-level view to designing and administering treatment interventions. Finally, we close with an implementation strategy for applying a disease-directed engineering approach. Our assessment encourages embracing the complexity of neurological disease, as well as increasing efforts to provide system-level thinking in our development of therapeutics for neurological disease.
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190
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Bajda M, Łażewska D, Godyń J, Zaręba P, Kuder K, Hagenow S, Łątka K, Stawarska E, Stark H, Kieć-Kononowicz K, Malawska B. Search for new multi-target compounds against Alzheimer's disease among histamine H 3 receptor ligands. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 185:111785. [PMID: 31669851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Multi-target-directed ligands seem to be an interesting approach to the treatment of complex disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. The aim of the present study was to find novel multifunctional compounds in a non-imidazole histamine H3 receptor ligand library. Docking-based virtual screening was applied for selection of twenty-six hits which were subsequently evaluated in Ellman's assay for the inhibitory potency toward acetyl- (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). The virtual screening with high success ratio enabled to choose multi-target-directed ligands. Based on docking results, all selected ligands were able to bind both catalytic and peripheral sites of AChE and BuChE. The most promising derivatives combined the flavone moiety via a six carbon atom linker with a heterocyclic moiety, such as azepane, piperidine or 3-methylpiperidine. They showed the highest inhibitory activities toward cholinesterases as well as well-balanced potencies against H3R and both enzymes. Two derivatives were chosen - 5 (IC50 = 0.46 μM (AChE); 0.44 μM (BuChE); Ki = 159.8 nM (H3R)) and 17 (IC50 = 0.50 μM (AChE); 0.76 μM (BuChE); Ki = 228.2 nM (H3R)), and their inhibition mechanism was evaluated in kinetic studies. Both compounds displayed non-competitive mode of AChE and BuChE inhibition. Compounds 5 and 17 might serve as good lead structures for further optimization and development of novel multi-target anti-Alzheimer's agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Bajda
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Dorota Łażewska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Justyna Godyń
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Paula Zaręba
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamil Kuder
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Stefanie Hagenow
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, Duesseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Kamil Łątka
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewelina Stawarska
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Holger Stark
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, Duesseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Malawska
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
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191
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Chew G, Petretto E. Transcriptional Networks of Microglia in Alzheimer's Disease and Insights into Pathogenesis. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E798. [PMID: 31614849 PMCID: PMC6826883 DOI: 10.3390/genes10100798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia, the main immune cells of the central nervous system, are increasingly implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Manifold transcriptomic studies in the brain have not only highlighted microglia's role in AD pathogenesis, but also mapped crucial pathological processes and identified new therapeutic targets. An important component of many of these transcriptomic studies is the investigation of gene expression networks in AD brain, which has provided important new insights into how coordinated gene regulatory programs in microglia (and other cell types) underlie AD pathogenesis. Given the rapid technological advancements in transcriptional profiling, spanning from microarrays to single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), tools used for mapping gene expression networks have evolved to keep pace with the unique features of each transcriptomic platform. In this article, we review the trajectory of transcriptomic network analyses in AD from brain to microglia, highlighting the corresponding methodological developments. Lastly, we discuss examples of how transcriptional network analysis provides new insights into AD mechanisms and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Chew
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, 69857 Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Enrico Petretto
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, 69857 Singapore, Singapore.
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192
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Emerging Approaches to Investigate the Influence of Transition Metals in the Proteinopathies. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101231. [PMID: 31658742 PMCID: PMC6829613 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition metals have essential roles in brain structure and function, and are associated with pathological processes in neurodegenerative disorders classed as proteinopathies. Synchrotron X-ray techniques, coupled with ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry, have been applied to study iron and copper interactions with amyloid β (1–42) or α-synuclein. Ex vivo tissue and in vitro systems were investigated, showing the capability to identify metal oxidation states, probe local chemical environments, and localize metal-peptide binding sites. Synchrotron experiments showed that the chemical reduction of ferric (Fe3+) iron and cupric (Cu2+) copper can occur in vitro after incubating each metal in the presence of Aβ for one week, and to a lesser extent for ferric iron incubated with α-syn. Nanoscale chemical speciation mapping of Aβ-Fe complexes revealed a spatial heterogeneity in chemical reduction of iron within individual aggregates. Mass spectrometry allowed the determination of the highest-affinity binding region in all four metal-biomolecule complexes. Iron and copper were coordinated by the same N-terminal region of Aβ, likely through histidine residues. Fe3+ bound to a C-terminal region of α-syn, rich in aspartic and glutamic acid residues, and Cu2+ to the N-terminal region of α-syn. Elucidating the biochemistry of these metal-biomolecule complexes and identifying drivers of chemical reduction processes for which there is evidence ex-vivo, are critical to the advanced understanding of disease aetiology.
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193
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Late-onset unexplained epilepsy: What are we missing? Epilepsy Behav 2019; 99:106478. [PMID: 31481308 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
With the aging of the US population, the incidence of epilepsy will increase, with 25 to 50% of new cases with no identifiable etiology diagnosed as late-onset unexplained epilepsy (LOUE). In the current targeted review, we discuss the possible role of cerebral small vessel ischemic disease, accumulation of amyloidβ and hyperphosphorylated tau, and sleep apnea as potential pathophysiologic mechanisms explaining LOUE. We highlight the impact of these processes on cognition and avenues for diagnosis and treatment.
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194
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Sang Z, Wang K, Zhang P, Shi J, Liu W, Tan Z. Design, synthesis, in-silico and biological evaluation of novel chalcone derivatives as multi-function agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 180:238-252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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195
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Abstract
Small vessel disease (SVD) refers to conditions where damage to arterioles and capillaries is predominant, leading to reduced, or interrupted perfusion of the affected organ. Data suggest that when this condition is evident in any organ, it is already systemic in its occurrence and consequences. SVD affects primarily organs that receive significant portions of cardiac output such as the brain, the kidney, and the retina. Thus, SVD is a major etiologic cause in debilitating conditions such as renal failure, blindness, lacunar infarcts, and dementia. The factors that lead to this devastating condition include all the known vascular risk factors when they are not strictly controlled, but lifestyles that include sedentary existence, obesity, and poor sleep patterns are also recognized drivers of SVD. In addition, depression is now recognized as a vascular risk factor. Inflammation is a mediator of SVD, but it is not known which factor(s) predominate in its etiology. This article emphasizes the need for more investigations to define this link further and suggests clinical and societal responses that might reduce the major impacts of this condition on populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine M Hakim
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Division of Neurology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Uddin MS, Kabir MT. Emerging Signal Regulating Potential of Genistein Against Alzheimer's Disease: A Promising Molecule of Interest. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:197. [PMID: 31620438 PMCID: PMC6763641 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive, irreversible brain disorder characterized by pathological aggregation of the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) and tau protein; both of these are toxic to neurons. Currently, natural products are regarded as an alternative approach to discover novel multipotent drugs against AD. Dietary soy isoflavone genistein is one of the examples of such agents that occurs naturally and is known to exert a number of beneficial health effects. It has been observed that genistein has the capacity to improve the impairments triggered by Aβ and also it possesses the antioxidant potential to scavenge the AD-mediated generation of free radicals. Furthermore, genistein can interact directly with the targeted signaling proteins and also can stabilize their activity to combat AD. In order to advance the development of AD treatment, a better comprehension of the direct interactions of target proteins and genistein might prove beneficial. Therefore, this article focuses on the therapeutic effects and molecular targets of genistein, which has been found to target directly the Aβ and tau to control the intracellular signaling pathways responsible for neurons death in the AD brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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197
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Shi L, Westwood S, Baird AL, Winchester L, Dobricic V, Kilpert F, Hong S, Franke A, Hye A, Ashton NJ, Morgan AR, Bos I, Vos SJB, Buckley NJ, Kate MT, Scheltens P, Vandenberghe R, Gabel S, Meersmans K, Engelborghs S, De Roeck EE, Sleegers K, Frisoni GB, Blin O, Richardson JC, Bordet R, Molinuevo JL, Rami L, Wallin A, Kettunen P, Tsolaki M, Verhey F, Lleó A, Alcolea D, Popp J, Peyratout G, Martinez-Lage P, Tainta M, Johannsen P, Teunissen CE, Freund-Levi Y, Frölich L, Legido-Quigley C, Barkhof F, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Baker S, Morgan BP, Streffer J, Visser PJ, Bertram L, Lovestone S, Nevado-Holgado AJ. Discovery and validation of plasma proteomic biomarkers relating to brain amyloid burden by SOMAscan assay. Alzheimers Dement 2019; 15:1478-1488. [PMID: 31495601 PMCID: PMC6880298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.06.4951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Plasma proteins have been widely studied as candidate biomarkers to predict brain amyloid deposition to increase recruitment efficiency in secondary prevention clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease. Most such biomarker studies are targeted to specific proteins or are biased toward high abundant proteins. Methods 4001 plasma proteins were measured in two groups of participants (discovery group = 516, replication group = 365) selected from the European Medical Information Framework for Alzheimer's disease Multimodal Biomarker Discovery study, all of whom had measures of amyloid. Results A panel of proteins (n = 44), along with age and apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4, predicted brain amyloid deposition with good performance in both the discovery group (area under the curve = 0.78) and the replication group (area under the curve = 0.68). Furthermore, a causal relationship between amyloid and tau was confirmed by Mendelian randomization. Discussion The results suggest that high-dimensional plasma protein testing could be a useful and reproducible approach for measuring brain amyloid deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Sarah Westwood
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alison L Baird
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Valerija Dobricic
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics and Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Fabian Kilpert
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics and Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Shengjun Hong
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics and Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Abdul Hye
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular & Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | - Angharad R Morgan
- Dementia Research Institute Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Isabelle Bos
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Stephanie J B Vos
- Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Noel J Buckley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mara Ten Kate
- Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Silvy Gabel
- University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karen Meersmans
- University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium; Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology, VUB University Hospital Brussels (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ellen E De Roeck
- Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium; Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Olivier Blin
- AIX Marseille University, INS, Ap-hm, Marseille, France
| | | | - Régis Bordet
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - José L Molinuevo
- Alzheimer's disease & other cognitive disorders unit, Hopsital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Beta Brain Research Center, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorena Rami
- Barcelona Beta Brain Research Center, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anders Wallin
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Petronella Kettunen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- 1st Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Makedonia, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Frans Verhey
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Alcolea
- Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julius Popp
- University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Peter Johannsen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Freund-Levi
- Department of Neurobiology, Caring Sciences and Society (NVS), Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry in Region Örebro County and School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Lutz Frölich
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Cristina Legido-Quigley
- Kings College London, London, UK; The Systems Medicine Group, Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherland; UCL Institutes of Neurology and Healthcare Engineering, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - B Paul Morgan
- Dementia Research Institute Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Johannes Streffer
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Janssen R&D, LLC, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Bertram
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics and Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Simon Lovestone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Janssen-Cilag UK, formerly Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Sang Z, Wang K, Shi J, Liu W, Tan Z. Design, synthesis, in-silico and biological evaluation of novel chalcone-O-carbamate derivatives as multifunctional agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 178:726-739. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Multifunctional indanone–chalcone hybrid compounds with anti-β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation, monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibition and neuroprotective properties against Alzheimer’s disease. Med Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-019-02423-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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200
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Smith ES, Porterfield JE, Kannan RM. Leveraging the interplay of nanotechnology and neuroscience: Designing new avenues for treating central nervous system disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 148:181-203. [PMID: 30844410 PMCID: PMC7043366 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has the potential to open many novel diagnostic and treatment avenues for disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). In this review, we discuss recent developments in the applications of nanotechnology in CNS therapies, diagnosis and biology. Novel approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of neuroinflammation, brain dysfunction, psychiatric conditions, brain cancer, and nerve injury provide insights into the potential of nanomedicine. We also highlight nanotechnology-enabled neuroscience techniques such as electrophysiology and intracellular sampling to improve our understanding of the brain and its components. With nanotechnology integrally involved in the advancement of basic neuroscience and the development of novel treatments, combined diagnostic and therapeutic applications have begun to emerge. Nanotheranostics for the brain, able to achieve single-cell resolution, will hasten the rate in which we can diagnose, monitor, and treat diseases. Taken together, the recent advances highlighted in this review demonstrate the prospect for significant improvements to clinical diagnosis and treatment of a vast array of neurological diseases. However, it is apparent that a strong dialogue between the nanoscience and neuroscience communities will be critical for the development of successful nanotherapeutics that move to the clinic, benefit patients, and address unmet needs in CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Smith
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Joshua E Porterfield
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Rangaramanujam M Kannan
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Inc., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins University for Cerebral Palsy Research Excellence, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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