151
|
Abhishek R, Thippeswamy S, Manjunath K, Mohana D. Antifungal and antimycotoxigenic potency of Solanum torvum
Swartz. leaf extract: isolation and identification of compound active against mycotoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus
and Fusarium verticillioides. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 119:1624-36. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R.U. Abhishek
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology; Bangalore University; Bengaluru India
| | - S. Thippeswamy
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology; Bangalore University; Bengaluru India
| | - K. Manjunath
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology; Bangalore University; Bengaluru India
| | - D.C. Mohana
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology; Bangalore University; Bengaluru India
| |
Collapse
|
152
|
Duranova H, Kovacova V, Babosova R, Omelka R, Adamkovicova M, Grosskopf B, Capcarova M, Martiniakova M. Sex-related variations in bone microstructure of rabbits intramuscularly exposed to patulin. Acta Vet Scand 2015; 57:50. [PMID: 26337444 PMCID: PMC4559906 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-015-0140-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patulin, a toxic mold metabolite, has been found as natural contaminant of processed fruits, most notably apples, apple juices and other apple-based products. A number of adverse health effects in humans and animals are associated with patulin intoxication. The current study was performed to analyse possible toxic effects of patulin on femoral bone microstructure in adult rabbits in detail. Fourteen clinically healthy four-month-old rabbits of both sexes (6 males and 8 females) were included in the study. Animals from the experimental groups (group E♂, n = 3; group E♀, n = 4) were injected intramuscularly with patulin at dose 10 μg/kg body weight two times a week for 28 days. The dose of patulin was estimated based on the maximum permitted level of patulin for apple products intended for infants and young children. Three males and four females without patulin administration served as controls (groups C♂ and C♀). Cortical bone thickness and qualitative and quantitative histological characteristics of compact bone tissue were investigated. RESULTS Intramuscular applications of patulin significantly increased the thickness of cortical bone in both sexes of rabbits. In patulin-exposed males, an absence of primary vascular longitudinal bone tissue near the endosteal border was observed, which could be associated with intensive bone remodeling. Femoral diaphyses of females displayed a lower number of secondary osteons in the middle part of the substantia compacta, and occurrence of the osteons near the periosteum. This could indicate alterations in bone turnover. Histomorphometrical evaluations showed significantly increased sizes of the primary osteons' vascular canals (P < 0.05) in males exposed to patulin possibly due to mycotoxin-induced increased levels of testosterone. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates significant impact of intramuscular application of patulin on bone microstructure in adult rabbits. Moreover, we have found that the effects of patulin on qualitative and quantitative histological characteristics of compact bone are sex-dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Duranova
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Constantine the Philosopher University, 949 74, Nitra, Slovakia.
| | - Veronika Kovacova
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Constantine the Philosopher University, 949 74, Nitra, Slovakia.
| | - Ramona Babosova
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Constantine the Philosopher University, 949 74, Nitra, Slovakia.
| | - Radoslav Omelka
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Constantine the Philosopher University, 949 74, Nitra, Slovakia.
| | - Maria Adamkovicova
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Constantine the Philosopher University, 949 74, Nitra, Slovakia.
| | - Birgit Grosskopf
- Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Georg-August University, 37 073, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Marcela Capcarova
- Department of Animal Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, 949 76, Nitra, Slovakia.
| | - Monika Martiniakova
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Constantine the Philosopher University, 949 74, Nitra, Slovakia.
| |
Collapse
|
153
|
Zielonka Ł, Waśkiewicz A, Beszterda M, Kostecki M, Dąbrowski M, Obremski K, Goliński P, Gajęcki M. Zearalenone in the Intestinal Tissues of Immature Gilts Exposed per os to Mycotoxins. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:3210-23. [PMID: 26295259 PMCID: PMC4549746 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7083210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone and its metabolites, α-zearalenol and β-zearalenol, demonstrate estradiol-like activity and disrupt physiological functions in animals. This article evaluates the carryover of zearalenone and its selected metabolites from the digesta to intestinal walls (along the entire intestines) in pre-pubertal gilts exposed to low doses of zearalenone over long periods of time. The term “carryover” describes the transfer of mycotoxins from feed to edible tissues, and it was used to assess the risk of mycotoxin exposure for consumers. The experimental gilts with body weight of up to 25 kg were per os administered zearalenone at a daily dose of 40 μg/kg BW (Group E, n = 18) or placebo (Group C, n = 21) over a period of 42 days. In the first weeks of exposure, the highest values of the carryover factor were noted in the duodenum and the jejunum. In animals receiving pure zearalenone, the presence of metabolites was not determined in intestinal tissues. In the last three weeks of the experiment, very high values of the carryover factor were observed in the duodenum and the descending colon. The results of the study indicate that in animals exposed to subclinical doses of zearalenone, the carryover factor could be determined by the distribution and expression of estrogen receptor beta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Zielonka
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn 10-719, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Waśkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, Poznań 60-625, Poland.
| | - Monika Beszterda
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, Poznań 60-625, Poland.
| | - Marian Kostecki
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, Poznań 60-625, Poland.
| | - Michał Dąbrowski
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn 10-719, Poland.
| | - Kazimierz Obremski
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn 10-719, Poland.
| | - Piotr Goliński
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, Poznań 60-625, Poland.
| | - Maciej Gajęcki
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn 10-719, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
154
|
Manyes L, Luciano FB, Mañes J, Meca G. In vitro antifungal activity of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) against Aspergillus parasiticus and Penicillium expansum and evaluation of the AITC estimated daily intake. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 83:293-9. [PMID: 26140951 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are natural compounds derived from cruciferous vegetables produced by enzymatic conversion of metabolites called glucosinolates. They are potentially useful antimicrobial compounds for food applications have been shown to be promising agents against cancer in human cell culture, animal models, and in epidemiological studies. In this study, the antifungal activity of the allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) was evaluated on two mycotoxigenic fungi as Aspergillus parasiticus and Penicillium expnsum, aflatoxins (AFs) and patulin (PAT) producers, employing an assay on solid medium. Also an approximation of the risk evaluation associated to the intake of food treated with the AITC to reduce the risk of fungi spoilage has been evaluated. On solid medium and after 20 days incubation the strain of Penicillium expansum was inhibited with AITC quantities highest than 50 mg, whereas the strain of A. parasiticus was sensible to AITC doses highest than 5 mg. The analysis of the risk assessment associated to the intake of several food classes treated with the bioactive compound AITC to prevent fungi spoilage evidenced that this product can be considered as safe due that the estimated daily intakes (EDIs) are always lower than the AITC Admissible Daily intake (ADI).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Manyes
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - F B Luciano
- School of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, BR 376 Km 14, São José dos Pinhais, PR 83010-500, Brazil
| | - J Mañes
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - G Meca
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
155
|
Gayathri L, Dhivya R, Dhanasekaran D, Periasamy VS, Alshatwi AA, Akbarsha MA. Hepatotoxic effect of ochratoxin A and citrinin, alone and in combination, and protective effect of vitamin E: In vitro study in HepG2 cell. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 83:151-63. [PMID: 26111808 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) and citrinin (CTN) are the most commonly co-occurring mycotoxins in a wide variety of food and feed commodities. The major target organ of these toxins is kidney but liver could also be a target organ. The combined toxicity of these two toxins in kidney cells has been studied but not in liver cell. In this study HepG2 cells were exposed to OTA and CTN, alone and in combination, with a view to compare the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying OTA, CTN and OTA + CTN hepatotoxicity. OTA and CTN alone as well as in combination affected the viability of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. OTA + CTN, at a dose of 20% of IC50 of each, produced effect almost similar to that produced by either of the toxins at its IC50 concentration, indicating that the two toxins in combination act synergistically. The cytotoxicity of OTA + CTN on hepatocytes is mediated by increased level of intracellular ROS followed/accompanied by DNA strand breaks and mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis. Co-treatment of vitamin E (Vit E) with OTA, CTN and OTA + CTN reduced the levels of ROS and the cytotoxicity. But the genotoxic effect of OTA and OTA + CTN was not completely alleviated by Vit E treatment whereas the DNA damage as caused by CTN when treated alone was obviated, indicating that OTA induces DNA damage directly whereas CTN induces ROS-mediated DNA damage and OTA + CTN combination induces DNA damage not exclusively relying on but influenced by ROS generation. Taken together, these findings indicate that OTA and CTN in combination affect hepatocytes at very low concentrations and, thereby, pose a potential threat to public and animal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loganathan Gayathri
- Department of Microbiology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India; Mahatma Gandhi-Doerenkamp Center, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | - Rajakumar Dhivya
- Mahatma Gandhi-Doerenkamp Center, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | | | - Vaiyapuri S Periasamy
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A Alshatwi
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Akbarsha
- Mahatma Gandhi-Doerenkamp Center, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India; Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
156
|
Qin X, Cao M, Lai F, Yang F, Ge W, Zhang X, Cheng S, Sun X, Qin G, Shen W, Li L. Oxidative stress induced by zearalenone in porcine granulosa cells and its rescue by curcumin in vitro. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127551. [PMID: 26030649 PMCID: PMC4452521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS), as a signal of aberrant intracellular mechanisms, plays key roles in maintaining homeostasis for organisms. The occurrence of OS due to the disorder of normal cellular redox balance indicates the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or deficiency of antioxidants. Once the balance is broken down, repression of oxidative stress is one of the most effective ways to alleviate it. Ongoing studies provide remarkable evidence that oxidative stress is involved in reproductive toxicity induced by various stimuli, such as environmental toxicants and food toxicity. Zearalenone (ZEA), as a toxic compound existing in contaminated food products, is found to induce mycotoxicosis that has a significant impact on the reproduction of domestic animals, especially pigs. However, there is no information about how ROS and oxidative stress is involved in the influence of ZEA on porcine granulosa cells, or whether the stress can be rescued by curcumin. In this study, ZEA-induced effect on porcine granulosa cells was investigated at low concentrations (15 μM, 30 μM and 60 μM). In vitro ROS levels, the mRNA level and activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase were obtained. The results showed that in comparison with negative control, ZEA increased oxidative stress with higher ROS levels, reduced the expression and activity of antioxidative enzymes, increased the intensity of fluorogenic probes 2', 7'-Dichlorodihydrofluorescin diacetate and dihydroethidium in flow cytometry assay and fluorescence microscopy. Meanwhile, the activity of glutathione (GSH) did not change obviously following 60 μM ZEA treatment. Furthermore, the underlying protective mechanisms of curcumin on the ZEA-treated porcine granulosa cells were investigated. The data revealed that curcumin pre-treatment significantly suppressed ZEA-induced oxidative stress. Collectively, porcine granulosa cells were sensitive to ZEA, which may induce oxidative stress. The findings from this study clearly demonstrate that curcumin is effective to reduce the dysregulation of cellular redox balance on porcine granulosa cells in vitro and should be further investigated for its protective role against ZEA in animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xunsi Qin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Mingjun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Fangnong Lai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Wei Ge
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xifeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Shunfeng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xiaofeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Guoqing Qin
- EMF Nutrition Ltd, 715 Marion Street, Winnipeg, MB R2J 0K6, Canada
| | - Wei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Lan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
157
|
Zouaoui N, Sbaii N, Bacha H, Abid-Essefi S. Occurrence of patulin in various fruit juice marketed in Tunisia. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
158
|
Bhatnagar-Mathur P, Sunkara S, Bhatnagar-Panwar M, Waliyar F, Sharma KK. Biotechnological advances for combating Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin contamination in crops. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 234:119-132. [PMID: 25804815 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxins are toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic and immunosuppressive byproducts of Aspergillus spp. that contaminate a wide range of crops such as maize, peanut, and cotton. Aflatoxin not only affects crop production but renders the produce unfit for consumption and harmful to human and livestock health, with stringent threshold limits of acceptability. In many crops, breeding for resistance is not a reliable option because of the limited availability of genotypes with durable resistance to Aspergillus. Understanding the fungal/crop/environment interactions involved in aflatoxin contamination is therefore essential in designing measures for its prevention and control. For a sustainable solution to aflatoxin contamination, research must be focused on identifying and improving knowledge of host-plant resistance factors to aflatoxin accumulation. Current advances in genetic transformation, proteomics, RNAi technology, and marker-assisted selection offer great potential in minimizing pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination in cultivated crop species. Moreover, developing effective phenotyping strategies for transgenic as well as precision breeding of resistance genes into commercial varieties is critical. While appropriate storage practices can generally minimize post-harvest aflatoxin contamination in crops, the use of biotechnology to interrupt the probability of pre-harvest infection and contamination has the potential to provide sustainable solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Bhatnagar-Mathur
- Genetic Transformation Laboratory, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502324, Telangana, India.
| | - Sowmini Sunkara
- Genetic Transformation Laboratory, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502324, Telangana, India
| | - Madhurima Bhatnagar-Panwar
- Genetic Transformation Laboratory, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502324, Telangana, India
| | - Farid Waliyar
- Genetic Transformation Laboratory, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502324, Telangana, India
| | - Kiran Kumar Sharma
- Genetic Transformation Laboratory, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502324, Telangana, India
| |
Collapse
|
159
|
Matumba L, Van Poucke C, Njumbe Ediage E, De Saeger S. Keeping mycotoxins away from the food: Does the existence of regulations have any impact in Africa? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 57:1584-1592. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.993021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
160
|
Matumba L, Van Poucke C, Njumbe Ediage E, Jacobs B, De Saeger S. Effectiveness of hand sorting, flotation/washing, dehulling and combinations thereof on the decontamination of mycotoxin-contaminated white maize. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2015; 32:960-9. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1029535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
161
|
Mahunu GK, Zhang H, Yang Q, Li C, Zheng X. Biological Control of Patulin by Antagonistic Yeast: A case study and possible model. Crit Rev Microbiol 2015; 42:643-55. [DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2015.1009823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gustav Komla Mahunu
- Jiangsu University, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hongyin Zhang
- Jiangsu University, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qiya Yang
- Jiangsu University, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chaolan Li
- Jiangsu University, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiangfeng Zheng
- Jiangsu University, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhenjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
162
|
Ko J, Lee C, Choo J. Highly sensitive SERS-based immunoassay of aflatoxin B1 using silica-encapsulated hollow gold nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 285:11-17. [PMID: 25462866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a well-known carcinogenic contaminant in foods. It is classified as an extremely hazardous compound because of its potential toxicity to the human nervous system. AFB1 has also been extensively used as a biochemical marker to evaluate the degree of food spoilage. In this study, a novel surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based immunoassay platform using silica-encapsulated hollow gold nanoparticles (SEHGNs) and magnetic beads was developed for highly sensitive detection of AFB1. SEHGNs were used as highly stable SERS-encoding nano tags, and magnetic beads were used as supporting substrates for the high-density loading of immunocomplexes. Quantitative analysis of AFB1 was performed by monitoring the intensity change of the characteristic peaks of Raman reporter molecules. The limit of detection (LOD) of AFB1, determined by this SERS-based immunoassay, was determined to be 0.1 ng/mL. This method has some advantages over other analytical methods with respect to rapid analysis (less than 30 min), good selectivity, and reproducibility. The proposed method is expected to be a new analytical tool for the trace analysis of various mycotoxins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juhui Ko
- Department of Bionano Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426791, South Korea
| | - Chankil Lee
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 426791, South Korea.
| | - Jaebum Choo
- Department of Bionano Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426791, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
163
|
Pfliegler WP, Pusztahelyi T, Pócsi I. Mycotoxins - prevention and decontamination by yeasts. J Basic Microbiol 2015; 55:805-18. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201400833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Walter P. Pfliegler
- Department of Genetics and Applied Microbiology; Faculty of Science and Technology; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology; Faculty of Science and Technology; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
- Postdoctoral Fellowship Programme of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA); Hungary
| | - Tünde Pusztahelyi
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management; Central Laboratory; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - István Pócsi
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology; Faculty of Science and Technology; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
164
|
Khalili ST, Mohsenifar A, Beyki M, Zhaveh S, Rahmani-Cherati T, Abdollahi A, Bayat M, Tabatabaei M. Encapsulation of Thyme essential oils in chitosan-benzoic acid nanogel with enhanced antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus flavus. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
165
|
Xiong Y, Tu Z, Huang X, Xie B, Xiong Y, Xu Y. Magnetic beads carrying poly(acrylic acid) brushes as “nanobody containers” for immunoaffinity purification of aflatoxin B1 from corn samples. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15843e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic beads with poly(acrylic acid) brushes as “nanobody containers” for aflatoxin B1 immunoaffinity purification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- P. R. China
- Jiangxi-OAI Joint Research Institute
| | - Zhui Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- P. R. China
| | - Bing Xie
- Centre of Analysis and Test
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- P. R. China
| | - Yonghua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- P. R. China
- Jiangxi-OAI Joint Research Institute
| | - Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- P. R. China
- Jiangxi-OAI Joint Research Institute
| |
Collapse
|
166
|
Thippeswamy S, Abhishek RU, Manjunath K, Raveesha KA, Mohana DC. Antifumonisin Efficacy of 2-Hydroxy-4-Methoxybenzaldehyde Isolated fromDecalepis hamiltonii. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2014.960930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
167
|
Ashiq S. Natural Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Food and Feed: Pakistan Perspective. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2014; 14:159-175. [PMID: 33401806 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fungi are commonly present in the environment and can grow under favorable conditions on an extensive variety of substrates. During harvesting, handling, storage, and distribution, agricultural commodities are subjected to infection by toxigenic molds, which may cause spoilage and produce toxic metabolites called mycotoxins. Fungal contamination of various food commodities with consequent exposure of the community to mycotoxins is a hazard that may exist depending on environmental factors, crop health, and soil conditions. Mycotoxins represent serious consequences due to substantial economic loss and risk to health. The environmental conditions of Pakistan with its mostly warm temperature are conducive to growth of toxigenic fungi resulting in mycotoxin production in different food items. Moreover, the poor conditions of storage and deficiency in regulatory measures in food quality control worsen the situation in the country. This review encompasses mycotoxin contamination of food and feed in Pakistan. High concentrations of mycotoxins are found in some commodities that are used on a daily basis in Pakistan, which may be a concern depending on dietary variety and health conditions of individuals in the population. Therefore, the mycotoxin contamination of foodstuff with exceeding levels represents a serious health hazard for the local population. There is a need to conduct more studies to analyze mycotoxin occurrence in all types of food commodities throughout the country. For consumer safety and the country's economy, the regulatory authorities should take into account this issue of contamination, and control strategies should be implemented and the quality control system of food improved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samina Ashiq
- Ashiq is from Centre of Biotechnology & Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
168
|
Determination of mycotoxins in feedstuffs and ruminant׳s milk using an easy and simple LC–MS/MS multiresidue method. Talanta 2014; 130:8-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
169
|
Van de Perre E, Jacxsens L, Lachat C, El Tahan F, De Meulenaer B. Impact of maximum levels in European legislation on exposure of mycotoxins in dried products: case of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A in nuts and dried fruits. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 75:112-7. [PMID: 25445763 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study the impact of setting European criteria on exposure to aflatoxin B1 via nuts and figs and ochratoxin A via dried fruits is evaluated for the Belgian population, as an example of the European population. Two different scenarios were evaluated. In scenario 1 all collected literature data are considered, assuming that there is no border control nor legal limits in Europe. In the second scenario, contamination levels above the maximum limits are excluded. The results from scenario 1 demonstrated that if no regulation is in place, AFB1 and OTA concentrations reported in the analysed food can have potential health risk to the population. The estimated exposure of OTA for scenario 2 is below the TDI of 5 ng/kg BW⋅day, indicating that OTA concentrations accepted by EU legislation pose a low risk to the Belgian population. For AFB1, the MOE values of scenario 2 are above 10,000 and can be considered to be of low health concern, based on BDML10 for humans, except for figs (MOE = 5782). This means that for all matrices, with exception of figs, the maximum values of AFB1 in the European legislation are sufficient to be of a low health concern for consumers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Van de Perre
- NutriFOODchem unit, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality (partner in Food2Know), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Jacxsens
- NutriFOODchem unit, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality (partner in Food2Know), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Carl Lachat
- NutriFOODchem unit, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality (partner in Food2Know), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Fouad El Tahan
- Royal International Inspection Laboratories (RIIL), Sokhna Port- Suez, Egypt
| | - Bruno De Meulenaer
- NutriFOODchem unit, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality (partner in Food2Know), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
170
|
Dembitsky VM. Naturally occurring bioactive Cyclobutane-containing (CBC) alkaloids in fungi, fungal endophytes, and plants. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:1559-1581. [PMID: 25442265 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This article focuses on the occurrence and biological activities of cyclobutane-containing (CBC) alkaloids obtained from fungi, fungal endophytes, and plants. Naturally occurring CBC alkaloids are of particular interest because many of these compounds display important biological activities and possess antitumour, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antifungal, and immunosuppressive properties. Therefore, these compounds are of great interest in the fields of medicine, pharmacology, medicinal chemistry, and the pharmaceutical industry. Fermentation and production of CBC alkaloids by fungi and/or fungal endophytes is also discussed. This review presents the structures and describes the activities of 98 CBC alkaloids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valery M Dembitsky
- Institute of Drug Discovery, Har-Hotsvim, P.O. Box 45289, Jerusalem 91451, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
171
|
Mupunga I, Lebelo SL, Mngqawa P, Rheeder JP, Katerere DR. Natural occurrence of aflatoxins in peanuts and peanut butter from Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. J Food Prot 2014; 77:1814-8. [PMID: 25285504 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi that may contaminate food and pose a health risk, especially in developing countries, where there is a lack of food security and quality is subsumed by food insufficiency. Aflatoxins are the most toxic known mycotoxins and are a significant risk factor for liver and kidney cancer, teratogenicity, undernutrition, and micronutrient malabsorption in both humans and animals. The main aim of the study was to determine the extent of fungal and aflatoxin contamination in peanuts and peanut butter being sold in both the formal and informal markets in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. Eighteen peanut samples and 11 peanut butter samples were purchased from retail shops and the informal market. Fungal contamination was determined using standard mycology culture methods, while aflatoxin contamination was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection. Four of the six peanut samples tested for fungal contamination were infected with Aspergillus flavus/parasiticus, ranging from 3 to 20% of the kernels examined, while 27% (3 of 11) of the peanut butter samples were infected with A. flavus/parasiticus. Ninety-one percent (10 of 11) of the peanut butter samples were contaminated with aflatoxins (mean, 75.66 ng/g, and range, 6.1 to 247 ng/g), and aflatoxin B1 was the most prevalent (mean, 51.0 ng/g, and range, 3.7 to 191 ng/g). Three of the 18 peanut samples were contaminated with aflatoxins (range, 6.6 to 622 ng/g). The commercial peanut butter samples had very high aflatoxin levels, and manufacturers should be sensitized to the detrimental effects of aflatoxins and measures to reduce contamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Mupunga
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida 1710, South Africa; Diagnofirm Medical Laboratories, Private Bag 283, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - S L Lebelo
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida 1710, South Africa
| | - P Mngqawa
- PROMEC Unit, Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - J P Rheeder
- PROMEC Unit, Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - D R Katerere
- PROMEC Unit, Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
172
|
Hua H, Xing F, Selvaraj JN, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Zhou L, Liu X, Liu Y. Inhibitory effect of essential oils on Aspergillus ochraceus growth and ochratoxin A production. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108285. [PMID: 25255251 PMCID: PMC4178002 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin which is a common contaminant in grains during storage. Aspergillus ochraceus is the most common producer of OTA. Essential oils play a crucial role as a biocontrol in the reduction of fungal contamination. Essential oils namely natural cinnamaldehyde, cinnamon oil, synthetic cinnamaldehyde, Litsea citrate oil, citral, eugenol, peppermint, eucalyptus, anise and camphor oils, were tested for their efficacy against A. ochraceus growth and OTA production by fumigation and contact assays. Natural cinnamaldehyde proved to be the most effective against A. ochraceus when compared to other oils. Complete fungal growth inhibition was obtained at 150-250 µL/L with fumigation and 250-500 µL/L with contact assays for cinnamon oil, natural and synthetic cinnamaldehyde, L. citrate oil and citral. Essential oils had an impact on the ergosterol biosynthesis and OTA production. Complete inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis was observed at ≥ 100 µg/mL of natural cinnamaldehyde and at 200 µg/mL of citral, but total inhibition was not observed at 200 µg/mL of eugenol. But, citral and eugenol could inhibit the OTA production at ≥ 75 µg/mL and ≥ 150 µg/mL respectively, while natural cinnamaldehyde couldn't fully inhibit OTA production at ≤ 200 µg/mL. The inhibition of OTA by natural cinnamaldehyde is mainly due to the reduction in fungal biomass. However, citral and eugenol could significant inhibit the OTA biosynthetic pathway. Also, we observed that cinnamaldehyde was converted to cinnamic alcohol by A. ochraceus, suggesting that the antimicrobial activity of cinnamaldehyde was mainly attributed to its carbonyl aldehyde group. The study concludes that natural cinnamaldehyde, citral and eugenol could be potential biocontrol agents against OTA contamination in storage grains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Hua
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fuguo Xing
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jonathan Nimal Selvaraj
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yueju Zhao
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
173
|
Eugenia de la Torre-Hernández M, Sánchez-Rangel D, Galeana-Sánchez E, Plasencia-de la Parra J. Fumonisinas –Síntesis y función en la interacción Fusarium verticillioides-maíz. TIP REVISTA ESPECIALIZADA EN CIENCIAS QUÍMICO-BIOLÓGICAS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1405-888x(14)70321-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
|
174
|
Petruzzi L, Sinigaglia M, Corbo MR, Campaniello D, Speranza B, Bevilacqua A. Decontamination of ochratoxin A by yeasts: possible approaches and factors leading to toxin removal in wine. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:6555-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5814-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
175
|
Brera C, Pannunzi E, Guarino C, Debegnach F, Gregori E, De Santis B. OCHRATOXIN A DETERMINATION IN CURED HAM BY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY FLUORESCENCE DETECTION AND ULTRA PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY: A COMPARATIVE STUDY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2013.825859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Brera
- a GMO and Mycotoxins Unit, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety , Italian National Institute of Health (ISS) , Rome , Italy
| | - Elena Pannunzi
- a GMO and Mycotoxins Unit, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety , Italian National Institute of Health (ISS) , Rome , Italy
| | - Chiara Guarino
- b Department of Biology , Tor Vergata University , Rome , Italy
| | - Francesca Debegnach
- a GMO and Mycotoxins Unit, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety , Italian National Institute of Health (ISS) , Rome , Italy
| | - Emanuela Gregori
- a GMO and Mycotoxins Unit, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety , Italian National Institute of Health (ISS) , Rome , Italy
| | - Barbara De Santis
- a GMO and Mycotoxins Unit, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety , Italian National Institute of Health (ISS) , Rome , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
176
|
Jia Z, Liu M, Qu Z, Zhang Y, Yin S, Shan A. Toxic effects of zearalenone on oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, biochemical and pathological changes induced by this toxin in the kidney of pregnant rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 37:580-591. [PMID: 24562056 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Revised: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to determine the toxic effects of zearalenone (ZEN) on oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, biochemical and pathological changes in the kidney of pregnant rats, and to explore the possible mechanism in ZEN induced kidney damage. The rats were fed a normal diet treated with 0.3, 48.5, 97.6 or 146 mg/kg ZEN in feed on gestation days (GDs) 0 through 7, and then all the rats were fed with a normal diet on GDs 8 through 20. The results showed that ZEN induced kidney dysfunction, oxidative damage, pathological changes and increased mRNA and protein expression of TLR4 and inflammatory cytokines in kidney in dose-dependent manner. The results indicated that ZEN caused kidney damage of pregnant rats and TLR4-mediated inflammatory reactions signal pathway was one of the mechanisms of ZEN mediated toxicity in kidney.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Jia
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Min Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Zhe Qu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Shutong Yin
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Anshan Shan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
177
|
Kosawang C, Karlsson M, Jensen DF, Dilokpimol A, Collinge DB. Transcriptomic profiling to identify genes involved in Fusarium mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone tolerance in the mycoparasitic fungus Clonostachys rosea. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:55. [PMID: 24450745 PMCID: PMC3902428 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clonostachys rosea strain IK726 is a mycoparasitic fungus capable of controlling mycotoxin-producing Fusarium species, including F. graminearum and F. culmorum, known to produce Zearalenone (ZEA) and Deoxynivalenol (DON). DON is a type B trichothecene known to interfere with protein synthesis in eukaryotes. ZEA is a estrogenic-mimicing mycotoxin that exhibits antifungal growth. C. rosea produces the enzyme zearalenone hydrolase (ZHD101), which degrades ZEA. However, the molecular basis of resistance to DON in C. rosea is not understood. We have exploited a genome-wide transcriptomic approach to identify genes induced by DON and ZEA in order to investigate the molecular basis of mycotoxin resistance C. rosea. RESULTS We generated DON- and ZEA-induced cDNA libraries based on suppression subtractive hybridization. A total of 443 and 446 sequenced clones (corresponding to 58 and 65 genes) from the DON- and ZEA-induced library, respectively, were analysed. DON-induced transcripts represented genes encoding metabolic enzymes such as cytochrome P450, cytochrome c oxidase and stress response proteins. In contrast, transcripts encoding the ZEA-detoxifying enzyme ZHD101 and those encoding a number of ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporter transcripts were highly frequent in the ZEA-induced library. Subsequent bioinformatics analysis predicted that all transcripts with similarity to ABC transporters could be ascribed to only 2 ABC transporters genes, and phylogenetic analysis of the predicted ABC transporters suggested that they belong to group G (pleiotropic drug transporters) of the fungal ABC transporter gene family. This is the first report suggesting involvement of ABC transporters in ZEA tolerance. Expression patterns of a selected set of DON- and ZEA-induced genes were validated by the use of quantitative RT-PCR after exposure to the toxins. The qRT-PCR results obtained confirm the expression patterns suggested from the EST redundancy data. CONCLUSION The present study identifies a number of transcripts encoding proteins that are potentially involved in conferring resistance to DON and ZEA in the mycoparasitic fungus C. rosea. Whilst metabolic readjustment is potentially the key to withstanding DON, the fungus produces ZHD101 to detoxify ZEA and ABC transporters to transport ZEA or its degradation products out from the fungal cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chatchai Kosawang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
178
|
Magoha H, Kimanya M, De Meulenaer B, Roberfroid D, Lachat C, Kolsteren P. Association between aflatoxin M1 exposure through breast milk and growth impairment in infants from Northern Tanzania. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2014. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2014.1705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Infants breastfeeding from mothers consuming aflatoxin contaminated foods may be exposed to aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), a metabolite of aflatoxin B1. This study estimated the association between AFM1 exposure levels and growth indicators, for infants under six months of age in the Rombo district in Northern Tanzania. A total of 143 infants and their mothers were involved. Breast-milk samples, infants' anthropometric data and 24 h dietary recall for mothers were taken at the 1st, 3rd and 5th months of children age. AFM1 contaminations in the samples were determined using HPLC. Aflatoxin M1 exposure by an infant was estimated by multiplying contamination in the breast milk consumed by him/her with the breast milk intake recorded by the United States Environmental Protection Agency for infants of his/her age divided by the infant's body weight. All the breast-milk samples were contaminated by AFM1 at levels ranging from 0.01 to 0.55 ng/ml. Above 90% of samples exceeded the EU limit of 0.025 ng/ml for infants' foods while over 76% exceeded the EU limit of 0.05 ng/ml for dairy milk and milk products. Only 1% of the samples exceeded the limit of 0.5 ng/ml set for dairy milk in the United States and several countries in Asia. AFM1 Exposures ranged from 1.13-66.79 ng/kg body weight per day. A small but significant (P<0.05) inverse association was observed between AFM1 exposure levels and weight for age Z-score or height for age Z-score. Appropriate strategies should be applied to minimise aflatoxin B1 exposure in lactating mothers in order to protect infants from AFM1 exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H. Magoha
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Research group Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition - nutriFOODchem, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Home economics and Human nutrition, Open University of Tanzania (OUT), P.O. Box 23409, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - M. Kimanya
- Nelson Mandela African Institute of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - B. De Meulenaer
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Research group Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition - nutriFOODchem, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - D. Roberfroid
- Department of Public Health, Nutrition and Child Health Unit, Prince Leopold Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - C. Lachat
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Research group Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition - nutriFOODchem, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Public Health, Nutrition and Child Health Unit, Prince Leopold Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - P. Kolsteren
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Research group Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition - nutriFOODchem, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Public Health, Nutrition and Child Health Unit, Prince Leopold Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
179
|
Hu W, Li X, He G, Zhang Z, Zheng X, Li P, Li CM. Sensitive competitive immunoassay of multiple mycotoxins with non-fouling antigen microarray. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 50:338-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
180
|
Li X, Li P, Zhang Q, Li R, Zhang W, Zhang Z, Ding X, Tang X. Multi-component immunochromatographic assay for simultaneous detection of aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A and zearalenone in agro-food. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 49:426-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
181
|
Nazari F, Sulyok M, Yazdanpanah H, Kobarfard F, Krska R. A survey of mycotoxins in domestic rice in Iran by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Toxicol Mech Methods 2013; 24:37-41. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2013.844752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
182
|
Cristina Sass D, Vincenzi Jager A, Gustavo Tonin F, Naira Zambelli Ramalho L, Silva Ramalho F, Gomes Constantino M, Augusto Fernandes Oliveira C. Methods for chemical preparation of aflatoxin B1adducts, AFB1-N7-guanine and AFB1-lysine. TOXIN REV 2013. [DOI: 10.3109/15569543.2013.852110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
183
|
Torlak E, Akan İ. Aflatoxin contamination in tahini. QUALITY ASSURANCE AND SAFETY OF CROPS & FOODS 2013. [DOI: 10.3920/qas2012.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Torlak
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42050 Karatay, Konya, Turkey
| | - İ.M. Akan
- General Directorate of Food and Control, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, 06520 Lodumlu, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
184
|
Nielsen MT, Klejnstrup ML, Rohlfs M, Anyaogu DC, Nielsen JB, Gotfredsen CH, Andersen MR, Hansen BG, Mortensen UH, Larsen TO. Aspergillus nidulans synthesize insect juvenile hormones upon expression of a heterologous regulatory protein and in response to grazing by Drosophila melanogaster larvae. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73369. [PMID: 23991191 PMCID: PMC3753258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary metabolites are known to serve a wide range of specialized functions including communication, developmental control and defense. Genome sequencing of several fungal model species revealed that the majority of predicted secondary metabolite related genes are silent in laboratory strains, indicating that fungal secondary metabolites remain an underexplored resource of bioactive molecules. In this study, we combine heterologous expression of regulatory proteins in Aspergillus nidulans with systematic variation of growth conditions and observe induced synthesis of insect juvenile hormone-III and methyl farnesoate. Both compounds are sesquiterpenes belonging to the juvenile hormone class. Juvenile hormones regulate developmental and metabolic processes in insects and crustaceans, but have not previously been reported as fungal metabolites. We found that feeding by Drosophila melanogaster larvae induced synthesis of juvenile hormone in A. nidulans indicating a possible role of juvenile hormone biosynthesis in affecting fungal-insect antagonisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marko Rohlfs
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Bjarne Gram Hansen
- Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Uffe Hasbro Mortensen
- Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
- * E-mail: (UHM); (TOL)
| | - Thomas Ostenfeld Larsen
- Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
- * E-mail: (UHM); (TOL)
| |
Collapse
|
185
|
Piqué E, Vargas-Murga L, Gómez-Catalán J, Lapuente JD, Llobet JM. Occurrence of patulin in organic and conventional apple-based food marketed in Catalonia and exposure assessment. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 60:199-204. [PMID: 23900007 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the last years, consumption of organic foods has become increasingly popular. Nevertheless, safety of organic foods is still unclear, and needs to be thoroughly evaluated. Patulin is a mycotoxin mainly present in rotten apples and apple-based products. The aim of this study is to analyse the content of patulin in apple juices and purees derived from organic and conventional production systems, in order to assess the risk to consumers, particularly in children. A total of 93 apple-based products marketed in Catalonia were analysed, 49 of which were derived from conventional and 44 from organic farming. The results showed higher incidence of positive samples and higher concentration of patulin in organic apple purees when comparing with conventional ones. In the case of juices, significant differences were found between conventional and organic samples, but applying a multivariate analysis the type of agriculture did not seem to have a relevant contribution to patulin occurrence, being cloudiness the main factor involved. The estimated daily intake of patulin for infants and young children (0-3 years old), children (4-18 years old) and adults (19-66 years old), were below the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) of 0.4 μg/kg bw in all scenarios considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ester Piqué
- GRET-CERETOX and Toxicology Unit, Public Health Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA·UB), Food and Nutrition Torribera Campus, Avda. Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
186
|
Abstract
Foodborne infections with Campylobacter, E. coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, Shigella, Toxoplasma gondii, and other pathogens can result in long-term sequelae to numerous organ systems. These include irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, reactive arthritis, hemolytic uremic syndrome, chronic kidney disease, Guillain-Barré Syndrome, neurological disorders from acquired and congenital listeriosis and toxoplasmosis, and cognitive and developmental deficits due to diarrheal malnutrition or severe acute illness. A full understanding of the long-term sequelae of foodborne infection is important both for individual patient management by clinicians, as well as to inform food safety and public health decision making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Batz
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, PO Box 100009, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
187
|
Beltrán E, Ibáñez M, Sancho JV, Hernández F. Determination of patulin in apple and derived products by UHPLC-MS/MS. Study of matrix effects with atmospheric pressure ionisation sources. Food Chem 2013; 142:400-7. [PMID: 24001858 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sensitive and reliable analytical methodology has been developed for the measurement of patulin in regulated foodstuffs by using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) with triple quadrupole analyser. Solid samples were extracted with ethyl acetate, while liquid samples were directly injected into the chromatographic system after dilution and filtration without any clean-up step. Chromatographic separation was achieved in less than 4min. Electrospray (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation (APCI) sources were evaluated, in order to assess matrix effects. The use of ESI source caused strong signal suppression in samples; however, matrix effect was negligible using APCI, allowing quantification with calibration standards prepared in solvent. The method was validated in four different apple matrices (juice, fruit, puree and compote) at two concentrations at the low μgkg(-1) level. Average recoveries (n=5) ranged from 71% to 108%, with RSDs lower than 14%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Beltrán
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, E-12071 Castellón, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
188
|
Effects of Heracleum persicum ethyl acetate extract on the growth, hyphal ultrastructure and aflatoxin biosynthesis in Aspergillus parasiticus. Mycotoxin Res 2013; 29:261-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12550-013-0171-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
189
|
Bartok T, Tolgyesi L, Szecsi A, Mesterhazy A, Bartok M, Gyimes E, Veha A. Detection of Previously Unknown Fumonisin P Analogue Mycotoxins in a Fusarium verticillioides Culture by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Time-of-Flight and Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry. J Chromatogr Sci 2013; 52:508-13. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmt071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
190
|
Pohanka M. Spectrophotomeric Assay of Aflatoxin B1 Using Acetylcholinesterase Immobilized on Standard Microplates. ANAL LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2012.757703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
191
|
Ehrlich KC, Mack BM, Wei Q, Li P, Roze LV, Dazzo F, Cary JW, Bhatnagar D, Linz JE. Association with AflR in endosomes reveals new functions for AflJ in aflatoxin biosynthesis. Toxins (Basel) 2013; 4:1582-1600. [PMID: 23342682 PMCID: PMC3528264 DOI: 10.3390/toxins4121582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins are the most potent naturally occurring carcinogens of fungal origin. Biosynthesis of aflatoxin involves the coordinated expression of more than 25 genes. The function of one gene in the aflatoxin gene cluster, aflJ, is not entirely understood but, because previous studies demonstrated a physical interaction between the Zn2Cys6 transcription factor AflR and AflJ, AflJ was proposed to act as a transcriptional co-activator. Image analysis revealed that, in the absence of aflJ in A. parasiticus, endosomes cluster within cells and near septa. AflJ fused to yellow fluorescent protein complemented the mutation in A. parasiticus ΔaflJ and localized mainly in endosomes. We found that AflJ co-localizes with AflR both in endosomes and in nuclei. Chromatin immunoprecipitation did not detect AflJ binding at known AflR DNA recognition sites suggesting that AflJ either does not bind to these sites or binds to them transiently. Based on these data, we hypothesize that AflJ assists in AflR transport to or from the nucleus, thus controlling the availability of AflR for transcriptional activation of aflatoxin biosynthesis cluster genes. AflJ may also assist in directing endosomes to the cytoplasmic membrane for aflatoxin export.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth C. Ehrlich
- Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service/United States Department of Agriculture, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA; E-Mails: (B.M.M.); (Q.W.); (P.L.); (J.W.C.); (D.B.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-11-504-286-4369; Fax: +1-11-504-286-4419
| | - Brian M. Mack
- Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service/United States Department of Agriculture, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA; E-Mails: (B.M.M.); (Q.W.); (P.L.); (J.W.C.); (D.B.)
| | - Qijian Wei
- Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service/United States Department of Agriculture, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA; E-Mails: (B.M.M.); (Q.W.); (P.L.); (J.W.C.); (D.B.)
| | - Ping Li
- Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service/United States Department of Agriculture, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA; E-Mails: (B.M.M.); (Q.W.); (P.L.); (J.W.C.); (D.B.)
| | - Ludmila V. Roze
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 488244, USA; E-Mails: (L.V.R.); (J.E.L.)
| | - Frank Dazzo
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 488244, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Jeffrey W. Cary
- Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service/United States Department of Agriculture, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA; E-Mails: (B.M.M.); (Q.W.); (P.L.); (J.W.C.); (D.B.)
| | - Deepak Bhatnagar
- Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service/United States Department of Agriculture, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA; E-Mails: (B.M.M.); (Q.W.); (P.L.); (J.W.C.); (D.B.)
| | - John E. Linz
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 488244, USA; E-Mails: (L.V.R.); (J.E.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
192
|
Zhang Z, Lin M, Zhang S, Vardhanabhuti B. Detection of aflatoxin M1 in milk by dynamic light scattering coupled with superparamagnetic beads and gold nanoprobes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:4520-4525. [PMID: 23638879 DOI: 10.1021/jf400043z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a rapid and sensitive method for detection of aflatoxin M1 (AFM) by dynamic light scattering (DLS) coupled with superparamagnetic beads and gold nanoprobes. The nanoprobes were synthesized by the conjugate of AFM and bovine serum albumin (AFM-BSA), BSA, and gold nanoparticles. Magnetic beads-based immunosorbent assay (MBISA) was used to measure the concentration of AFM by direct competition between AFM and nanoprobes. DLS was used to determine the concentration of unattached nanoprobes that was positively proportional to the concentration of AFM in the sample. TEM images prove that the as-prepared nanoprobes were able to attach on the magnetic beads through the antibody-antigen reaction. Compared to conventional ELISA, MBISA could effectively reduce the incubation time to 15 min in buffer solution and completely eliminate the color development step, thus simplifying the analysis of AFM. A linear relationship was observed between the inhibition values and the concentrations of AFM in both buffer solution (0-1000 ng·L(-1)) and spiked milk samples (0-400 ng·L(-1)). The limit of detection was found to be 37.7 ng·L(-1) for AFM in buffer solution and 27.5 ng·L(-1) in milk samples. These results demonstrate that DLS coupled with magnetic beads and gold nanoprobes is a rapid and effective method to detect AFM. This method could also be easily extended to rapid detection of other mycotoxins and biological species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zhang
- Food Science Program, Division of Food Systems & Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211-5160, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
193
|
De Boevre M, Jacxsens L, Lachat C, Eeckhout M, Di Mavungu JD, Audenaert K, Maene P, Haesaert G, Kolsteren P, De Meulenaer B, De Saeger S. Human exposure to mycotoxins and their masked forms through cereal-based foods in Belgium. Toxicol Lett 2013; 218:281-92. [PMID: 23454655 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a quantitative dietary exposure assessment of mycotoxins and their masked forms was conducted on a national representative sample of the Belgian population using the contamination data of cereal-based foods. Cereal-based food products (n=174) were analysed for the occurrence of deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, zearalenone, α-zearalenol, β-zearalenol, T-2-toxin, HT-2-toxin, and their respective masked forms, including, deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, zearalenone-4-glucoside, α-zearalenol-4-glucoside, β-zearalenol-4-glucoside and zearalenone-4-sulfate. Fibre-enriched bread, bran-enriched bread, breakfast cereals, popcorn and oatmeal were collected in Belgian supermarkets according to a structured sampling plan and analysed during the period from April 2010 to October 2011. The habitual intake of these food groups was estimated from a national representative food intake survey. According to a probabilistic exposure analysis, the mean (and P95) mycotoxin intake for the sum of the deoxynivalenol-equivalents, zearalenone-equivalents, and the sum of HT-2-and T-2-toxin for all cereal-based foods was 0.1162 (0.4047, P95), 0.0447 (0.1568, P95) and 0.0258 (0.0924, P95) μg kg(-1)body weight day(-1), respectively. These values were below the tolerable daily intake (TDI) levels for deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and the sum of T-2 and HT-2 toxin (1.0, 0.25 and 0.1 μg kg(-1)body weight day(-1), respectively). The absolute level exceeding the TDI for all cereal-based foods was calculated, and recorded 0.85%, 2.75% and 4.11% of the Belgian population, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marthe De Boevre
- Department of Bioanalysis, Laboratory of Food Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
194
|
Human skin penetration of selected model mycotoxins. Toxicology 2012; 301:21-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
195
|
Serrano A, Font G, Ruiz M, Ferrer E. Co-occurrence and risk assessment of mycotoxins in food and diet from Mediterranean area. Food Chem 2012; 135:423-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
196
|
Plastina P, Fazio A, Attya M, Sindona G, Gabriele B. Synthesis of analogues of ochratoxin A. Nat Prod Res 2012; 26:1799-805. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2011.613385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
197
|
Hatab S, Yue T, Mohamad O. Removal of patulin from apple juice using inactivated lactic acid bacteria. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 112:892-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05279.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
198
|
Maragos CM. Zearalenone occurrence in surface waters in central Illinois, USA. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE 2012; 5:55-64. [DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2012.659764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
199
|
Application of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the determination of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 in cereal products. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:7648-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
200
|
Tayel AA, Salem MF, El-Tras WF, Brimer L. Exploration of Islamic medicine plant extracts as powerful antifungals for the prevention of mycotoxigenic Aspergilli growth in organic silage. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2011; 91:2160-2165. [PMID: 21547917 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 02/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feed contamination with mycotoxins is a major risk factor for animals and humans as several toxins can exist as residues in meat and milk products, giving rise to carry-over to consumers via ingestion of foods of animal origin. The starting point for prevention, in this chain, is to eliminate the growth of mycotoxigenic fungi in the animal forage. Ten plant extracts, recommended in Islamic medicine, were evaluated as antifungal agents against mycotoxigenic Aspergilli, i.e. Aspergillus flavus and A. ochraceus, growth in organic maize silage. RESULTS Most extracts had remarkable antifungal activities using both qualitative and quantitative evaluation methods. Cress (Lepidium sativum) seed extract was proven to be the most powerful among the plants examined. Blending of the most effective extracts (garden cress seed, pomegranate peel and olive leaf extracts), individually at their minimal fungicidal concentrations, with maize silage resulted in the reduction of inoculated A. flavus colony counts by 99.9, 99.6 and 98.7%, respectively, whereas silage blending with the combined extracts completely prohibited fungal growth for up to 30 days of incubation under aerobic conditions. CONCLUSION Besides the health promoting effects, silage blending with the bioactive plant extracts examined could lead to the required protection from pathogenic and mycotoxigenic fungi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Tayel
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, Minoufiya University, El-Sadat City, 79/32897, Egypt.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|