151
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Natural killer cell receptors: alterations and therapeutic targeting in malignancies. Immunol Res 2015; 64:25-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-015-8695-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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152
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Siernicka M, Winiarska M, Bajor M, Firczuk M, Muchowicz A, Bobrowicz M, Fauriat C, Golab J, Olive D, Zagozdzon R. Adenanthin, a new inhibitor of thiol-dependent antioxidant enzymes, impairs the effector functions of human natural killer cells. Immunology 2015; 146:173-83. [PMID: 26094816 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are considered critical components of the innate and adaptive immune responses. Deficiencies in NK cell activity are common, such as those that occur in cancer patients, and they can be responsible for dysfunctional immune surveillance. Persistent oxidative stress is intrinsic to many malignant tumours, and numerous studies have focused on the effects of reactive oxygen species on the anti-tumour activity of NK cells. Indeed, investigations in animal models have suggested that one of the most important thiol-dependent antioxidant enzymes, peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1), is essential for NK cell function. In this work, our analysis of the transcriptomic expression pattern of antioxidant enzymes in human NK cells has identified PRDX1 as the most prominently induced transcript out of the 18 transcripts evaluated in activated NK cells. The change in PRDX1 expression was followed by increased expression of two other enzymes from the PRDX-related antioxidant chain: thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase. To study the role of thiol-dependent antioxidants in more detail, we applied a novel compound, adenanthin, to induce an abrupt dysfunction of the PRDX-related antioxidant chain in NK cells. In human primary NK cells, we observed profound alterations in spontaneous and antibody-dependent NK cell cytotoxicity against cancer cells, impaired degranulation, and a decreased expression of activation markers under these conditions. Collectively, our study pinpoints the unique role for the antioxidant activity of the PRDX-related enzymatic chain in human NK cell functions. Further understanding this phenomenon will prospectively lead to fine-tuning of the novel NK-targeted therapeutic approaches to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Siernicka
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Winiarska
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Bajor
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Firczuk
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Angelika Muchowicz
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Bobrowicz
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Cyril Fauriat
- IBiSA Cancer Immunomonitoring Platform, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Inserm, U1068, CRCM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Jakub Golab
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel Olive
- IBiSA Cancer Immunomonitoring Platform, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Inserm, U1068, CRCM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Radoslaw Zagozdzon
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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153
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Battella S, Cox MC, Santoni A, Palmieri G. Natural killer (NK) cells and anti-tumor therapeutic mAb: unexplored interactions. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 99:87-96. [PMID: 26136506 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.5vmr0415-141r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-targeting mAb are widely used in the treatment of a variety of solid and hematopoietic tumors and represent the first immunotherapeutic approach successfully arrived to the clinic. Nevertheless, the role of distinct immune mechanisms in contributing to their therapeutic efficacy is not completely understood and may vary depending on tumor- or antigen/antibody-dependent characteristics. Availability of next-generation, engineered, tumor-targeting mAb, optimized in their capability to recruit selected immune effectors, re-enforces the need for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying anti-tumor mAb functionality. NK cells participate with a major role to innate anti-tumor responses, by exerting cytotoxic activity and producing a vast array of cytokines. As the CD16 (low-affinity FcγRIIIA)-activating receptor is expressed on the majority of NK cells, its effector functions can be ideally recruited against therapeutic mAb-opsonized tumor cells. The exact role of NK cells in determining therapeutic efficacy of tumor-targeting mAb is still unclear and much sought after. This knowledge will be instrumental to design innovative combination schemes with newly validated immunomodulatory agents. We will summarize what is known about the role of NK cells in therapeutic anti-tumor mAb therapy, with particular emphasis on RTX chimeric anti-CD20 mAb, the first one used in clinical practice for treating B cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Battella
- Departments of *Experimental Medicine and Molecular Medicine, Hematology Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Christina Cox
- Departments of *Experimental Medicine and Molecular Medicine, Hematology Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Departments of *Experimental Medicine and Molecular Medicine, Hematology Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Palmieri
- Departments of *Experimental Medicine and Molecular Medicine, Hematology Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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154
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"Adherent" versus Other Isolation Strategies for Expanding Purified, Potent, and Activated Human NK Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:869547. [PMID: 26161419 PMCID: PMC4486741 DOI: 10.1155/2015/869547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells have long been hypothesized to play a central role in the development of new immunotherapies to combat a variety of cancers due to their intrinsic ability to lyse tumor cells. For the past several decades, various isolation and expansion methods have been developed to harness the full antitumor potential of NK cells. These protocols have varied greatly between laboratories and several have been optimized for large-scale clinical use despite associated complexity and high cost. Here, we present a simple method of "adherent" enrichment and expansion of NK cells, developed using both healthy donors' and cancer patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and compare its effectiveness with various published protocols to highlight the pros and cons of their use in adoptive cell therapy. By building upon the concepts and data presented, future research can be adapted to provide simple, cost-effective, reproducible, and translatable procedures for personalized treatment with NK cells.
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155
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Peters C, Brown S. Antibody-drug conjugates as novel anti-cancer chemotherapeutics. Biosci Rep 2015; 35:e00225. [PMID: 26182432 PMCID: PMC4613712 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20150089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past couple of decades, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have revolutionized the field of cancer chemotherapy. Unlike conventional treatments that damage healthy tissues upon dose escalation, ADCs utilize monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to specifically bind tumour-associated target antigens and deliver a highly potent cytotoxic agent. The synergistic combination of mAbs conjugated to small-molecule chemotherapeutics, via a stable linker, has given rise to an extremely efficacious class of anti-cancer drugs with an already large and rapidly growing clinical pipeline. The primary objective of this paper is to review current knowledge and latest developments in the field of ADCs. Upon intravenous administration, ADCs bind to their target antigens and are internalized through receptor-mediated endocytosis. This facilitates the subsequent release of the cytotoxin, which eventually leads to apoptotic cell death of the cancer cell. The three components of ADCs (mAb, linker and cytotoxin) affect the efficacy and toxicity of the conjugate. Optimizing each one, while enhancing the functionality of the ADC as a whole, has been one of the major considerations of ADC design and development. In addition to these, the choice of clinically relevant targets and the position and number of linkages have also been the key determinants of ADC efficacy. The only marketed ADCs, brentuximab vedotin and trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1), have demonstrated their use against both haematological and solid malignancies respectively. The success of future ADCs relies on improving target selection, increasing cytotoxin potency, developing innovative linkers and overcoming drug resistance. As more research is conducted to tackle these issues, ADCs are likely to become part of the future of targeted cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Peters
- School of Life Sciences, Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Stuart Brown
- School of Life Sciences, Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.
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156
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Kellner C, Günther A, Humpe A, Repp R, Klausz K, Derer S, Valerius T, Ritgen M, Brüggemann M, van de Winkel JG, Parren PW, Kneba M, Gramatzki M, Peipp M. Enhancing natural killer cell-mediated lysis of lymphoma cells by combining therapeutic antibodies with CD20-specific immunoligands engaging NKG2D or NKp30. Oncoimmunology 2015; 5:e1058459. [PMID: 26942070 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1058459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) mediated through the IgG Fc receptor FcγRIIIa represents a major effector function of many therapeutic antibodies. In an attempt to further enhance natural killer (NK) cell-mediated ADCC, we combined therapeutic antibodies against CD20 and CD38 with recombinant immunoligands against the stimulatory NK cell receptors NKG2D or NKp30. These immunoligands, respectively designated as ULBP2:7D8 and B7-H6:7D8, contained the CD20 scFv 7D8 as a targeting moiety and a cognate ligand for either NKG2D or NKp30 (i.e. ULBP2 and B7-H6, respectively). Both the immunoligands synergistically augmented ADCC in combination with the CD20 antibody rituximab and the CD38 antibody daratumumab. Combinations with ULBP2:7D8 resulted in higher cytotoxicity compared to combinations with B7-H6:7D8, suggesting that coligation of FcγRIIIa with NKG2D triggered NK cells more efficiently than with NKp30. Addition of B7-H6:7D8 to ULBP2:7D8 and rituximab in a triple combination did not further increase the extent of tumor cell lysis. Importantly, immunoligand-mediated enhancement of ADCC was also observed for tumor cells and autologous NK cells from patients with hematologic malignancies, in which, again, ULBP2:7D8 was particularly active. In summary, co-targeting of NKG2D was more effective in promoting rituximab or daratumumab-mediated ADCC by NK cells than co-ligation of NKp30. The observed increase in the ADCC activity of these therapeutic antibodies suggests promise for a 'dual-dual-targeting' approach in which tumor cell surface antigens are targeted in concert with two distinct activating NK cell receptors (i.e. FcγRIIIa and NKG2D or B7-H6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kellner
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, 2nd Department of Medicine; Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel; Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Günther
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, 2nd Department of Medicine; Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel; Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Humpe
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, 2nd Department of Medicine; Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel; Kiel, Germany
| | - Roland Repp
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, 2nd Department of Medicine; Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel; Kiel, Germany
| | - Katja Klausz
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, 2nd Department of Medicine; Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel; Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefanie Derer
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, 2nd Department of Medicine; Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel; Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Valerius
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, 2nd Department of Medicine; Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel; Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Ritgen
- 2nd Department of Medicine; Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel ; Kiel, Germany
| | - Monika Brüggemann
- 2nd Department of Medicine; Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel ; Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan Gj van de Winkel
- Genmab; Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Immunology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Whi Parren
- Genmab; Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research; Institute of Molecular Medicine; University of Southern Denmark; Odense, Denmark; Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Kneba
- 2nd Department of Medicine; Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel ; Kiel, Germany
| | - Martin Gramatzki
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, 2nd Department of Medicine; Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel; Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Peipp
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, 2nd Department of Medicine; Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel; Kiel, Germany
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157
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DiLillo DJ, Ravetch JV. Differential Fc-Receptor Engagement Drives an Anti-tumor Vaccinal Effect. Cell 2015; 161:1035-1045. [PMID: 25976835 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Passively administered anti-tumor monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) rapidly kill tumor targets via FcγR-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), a short-term process. However, anti-tumor mAb treatment can also induce a vaccinal effect, in which mAb-mediated tumor death induces a long-term anti-tumor cellular immune response. To determine how such responses are generated, we utilized a murine model of an anti-tumor vaccinal effect against a model neoantigen. We demonstrate that FcγR expression by CD11c(+) antigen-presenting cells is required to generate anti-tumor T cell responses upon ADCC-mediated tumor clearance. Using FcγR-humanized mice, we demonstrate that anti-tumor human (h)IgG1 must engage hFcγRIIIA on macrophages to mediate ADCC, but also engage hFcγRIIA, the sole hFcγR expressed by human dendritic cells (DCs), to generate a potent vaccinal effect. Thus, while next-generation anti-tumor antibodies with enhanced binding to only hFcγRIIIA are now in clinical use, ideal anti-tumor antibodies must be optimized for both cytotoxic effects as well as hFcγRIIA engagement on DCs to stimulate long-term anti-tumor cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J DiLillo
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jeffrey V Ravetch
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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158
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Rochette L, Guenancia C, Gudjoncik A, Hachet O, Zeller M, Cottin Y, Vergely C. Anthracyclines/trastuzumab: new aspects of cardiotoxicity and molecular mechanisms. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 36:326-48. [PMID: 25895646 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer drugs continue to cause significant reductions in left ventricular ejection fraction resulting in congestive heart failure. The best-known cardiotoxic agents are anthracyclines (ANTHs) such as doxorubicin (DOX). For several decades cardiotoxicity was almost exclusively associated with ANTHs, for which cumulative dose-related cardiac damage was the use-limiting step. Human epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor 2 (HER2; ErbB2) has been identified as an important target for breast cancer. Trastuzumab (TRZ), a humanized anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody, is currently recommended as first-line treatment for patients with metastatic HER2(+) tumors. The use of TRZ may be limited by the development of drug intolerance, such as cardiac dysfunction. Cardiotoxicity has been attributed to free-iron-based, radical-induced oxidative stress. Many approaches have been promoted to minimize these serious side effects, but they are still clinically problematic. A new approach to personalized medicine for cancer that involves molecular screening for clinically relevant genomic alterations and genotype-targeted treatments is emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Rochette
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-métaboliques (LPPCM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche 866, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie - Université de Bourgogne, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21033 Dijon, France.
| | - Charles Guenancia
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-métaboliques (LPPCM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche 866, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie - Université de Bourgogne, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21033 Dijon, France; Service de Cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bocage, Dijon, France
| | - Aurélie Gudjoncik
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-métaboliques (LPPCM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche 866, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie - Université de Bourgogne, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21033 Dijon, France; Service de Cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bocage, Dijon, France
| | - Olivier Hachet
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-métaboliques (LPPCM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche 866, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie - Université de Bourgogne, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21033 Dijon, France; Service de Cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bocage, Dijon, France
| | - Marianne Zeller
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-métaboliques (LPPCM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche 866, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie - Université de Bourgogne, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21033 Dijon, France
| | - Yves Cottin
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-métaboliques (LPPCM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche 866, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie - Université de Bourgogne, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21033 Dijon, France; Service de Cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bocage, Dijon, France
| | - Catherine Vergely
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-métaboliques (LPPCM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche 866, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie - Université de Bourgogne, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21033 Dijon, France
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159
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Ahmed M, Pan DW, Davis ME. Lack of in vivo antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity with antibody containing gold nanoparticles. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:812-6. [PMID: 25879583 PMCID: PMC4445771 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
(ADCC) is a cytolytic
mechanism that can elicit in vivo antitumor effects and can play a
significant role in the efficacy of antibody treatments for cancer.
Here, we prepared cetuximab, panitumumab, and rituximab containing
gold nanoparticles and investigated their ability to produce an ADCC
effect in vivo. Cetuximab treatment of EGFR-expressing H1975 tumor
xenografts showed significant tumor regression due to the ADCC activity
of the antibody in vivo, while the control antibody, panitumumab,
did not. However, all three antibody containing nanoparticles are
not able to suppress tumor growth in the same in vivo mouse model.
The antibody containing nanoparticles localized in the tumors and
did not suppress the immune function of the animals, so the lack of
tumor growth suppression of the cetuximab containing nanoparticle
suggests that immobilizing antibodies onto a nanoparticle significantly
decreases the ability of the antibody to promote an ADCC response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marya Ahmed
- Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Dorothy W Pan
- Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Mark E Davis
- Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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160
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Toubert A, Einsele H. From immunomonitoring to immune intervention. Front Immunol 2015; 5:669. [PMID: 25610438 PMCID: PMC4285170 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Toubert
- Immunology-Histocompatibility, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et d'Histocompatibilité, Laboratoire Jean Dausset, INSERM, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Diderot , Paris , France
| | - Hermann Einsele
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany
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161
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Cox MC, Battella S, La Scaleia R, Pelliccia S, Di Napoli A, Porzia A, Cecere F, Alma E, Zingoni A, Mainiero F, Ruco L, Monarca B, Santoni A, Palmieri G. Tumor-associated and immunochemotherapy-dependent long-term alterations of the peripheral blood NK cell compartment in DLBCL patients. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e990773. [PMID: 25949906 PMCID: PMC4404844 DOI: 10.4161/2162402x.2014.990773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells are a key component of tumor immunosurveillance and thus play an important role in rituximab-dependent killing of lymphoma cells via an antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) mechanism. We evaluated the phenotypic and functional assets of peripheral blood NK cell subsets in 32 newly-diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients and in 27 healthy controls. We further monitored long-term modifications of patient NK cells for up to 12 months after rituximab-based immunochemotherapy. At diagnosis, patients showed a higher percentage of CD56dim and CD16+ NK cells, and a higher frequency of GrzB+ cells in CD56dim, CD56bright, and CD16+ NK cell subsets than healthy controls. Conversely, DLBCL NK cell killing and interferon γ (IFNγ) production capability were comparable to those derived from healthy subjects. Notably, NK cells from refractory/relapsed patients exhibited a lower "natural" cytotoxicity. A marked and prolonged therapy-induced reduction of both "natural" and CD16-dependent NK cytotoxic activities was accompanied by the down-modulation of CD16 and NKG2D activating receptors, particularly in the CD56dim subset. However, reduced NK cell killing was not associated with defective lytic granule content or IFNγ production capability. This study firstly describes tumor-associated and therapy-induced alterations of the systemic NK cell compartment in DLBCL patients. As these alterations may negatively impact rituximab-based therapy efficacy, our work may provide useful information for improving immunochemotherapeutic strategies.
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Key Words
- ADCC
- ADCC, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity; CNS, central nervous system; DLBCL, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; FcγRIIIA/CD16, type III low-affinity Fcγ receptor; GrzB, Granzyme B; IFNγ, interferon γ; NK, natural killer cells; PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell; PMLBCL, primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma; R-CHOP, rituximab with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone.
- CD16
- DLBCL
- NK cells
- NKG2D
- R-CHOP immunochemotherapy
- rituximab
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Affiliation(s)
- M Christina Cox
- Hematology Unit; Sant'Andrea Hospital; Sapienza University ; Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Battella
- Department of Experimental Medicine; Sapienza University ; Rome, Italy
| | | | - Sabrina Pelliccia
- Hematology Unit; Sant'Andrea Hospital; Sapienza University ; Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Di Napoli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine; Sapienza University ; Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Cecere
- Department of Molecular Medicine; Sapienza University ; Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Alma
- Hematology Unit; Sant'Andrea Hospital; Sapienza University ; Rome, Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Mainiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine; Sapienza University ; Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Ruco
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine; Sapienza University ; Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Monarca
- Hematology Unit; Sant'Andrea Hospital; Sapienza University ; Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine; Sapienza University ; Rome, Italy ; Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti; Sapienza University ; Rome, Italy
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162
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Seidel UJE, Vogt F, Grosse-Hovest L, Jung G, Handgretinger R, Lang P. γδ T Cell-Mediated Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity with CD19 Antibodies Assessed by an Impedance-Based Label-Free Real-Time Cytotoxicity Assay. Front Immunol 2014; 5:618. [PMID: 25520723 PMCID: PMC4251440 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells are not MHC restricted, elicit cytotoxicity against various malignancies, are present in early post-transplant phases in novel stem cell transplantation strategies and have been shown to mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). These features make γδ T cells promising effector cells for antibody-based immunotherapy in pediatric patients with B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). To evaluate combination of human γδ T cells with CD19 antibodies for immunotherapy of B-lineage ALL, γδ T cells were expanded after a GMP-compliant protocol and ADCC of both primary and expanded γδ T cells with an Fc-optimized CD19 antibody (4G7SDIE) and a bi-specific antibody with the specificities CD19 and CD16 (N19-C16) was evaluated in CD107a-degranulation assays and intracellular cytokine staining. CD107a, TNFα, and IFNγ expression of primary γδ T cells were significantly increased and correlated with CD16-expression of γδ T cells. γδ T cells highly expressed CD107a after expansion and no further increased expression by 4G7SDIE and N19-C16 was measured. Cytotoxicity of purified expanded γδ T cells targeting CD19-expressing cells was assessed in both europium-TDA release and in an impedance-based label-free method (using the xCELLigence system) measuring γδ T cell lysis in real-time. Albeit in the 2 h end-point europium-TDA release assay no increased lysis was observed, in real-time xCELLigence assays both significant antibody-independent cytotoxicity and ADCC of γδ T cells were observed. The xCELLigence system outperformed the end-point europium-TDA release assay in sensitivity and allows drawing of conclusions to lysis kinetics of γδ T cells over prolonged periods of time periods. Combination of CD19 antibodies with primary as well as expanded γδ T cells exhibits a promising approach, which may enhance clinical outcome of patients with pediatric B-lineage ALL and requires clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Jördis Eva Seidel
- Department of General Paediatrics, Oncology/Haematology, University Children's Hospital Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Fabian Vogt
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany ; Partner Site Tübingen, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Ludger Grosse-Hovest
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany ; SYNIMMUNE GmbH , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Gundram Jung
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany ; Partner Site Tübingen, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Rupert Handgretinger
- Department of General Paediatrics, Oncology/Haematology, University Children's Hospital Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany ; Partner Site Tübingen, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Peter Lang
- Department of General Paediatrics, Oncology/Haematology, University Children's Hospital Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany ; Partner Site Tübingen, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Tübingen , Germany
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163
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Koro C, Bielecka E, Dahl-Knudsen A, Enghild JJ, Scavenius C, Brun JG, Binder V, Hellvard A, Bergum B, Jonsson R, Potempa J, Blom AM, Mydel P. Carbamylation of immunoglobulin abrogates activation of the classical complement pathway. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:3403-12. [PMID: 25130613 PMCID: PMC4232992 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications of proteins significantly affect their structure and function. The carbamylation of positively charged lysine residues to form neutral homoitrulline occurs primarily under inflammatory conditions through myeloperoxidase-dependent cyanate (CNO-) formation. We analyzed the pattern of human IgG1 carbamylation under inflammatory conditions and the effects that this modification has on the ability of antibodies to trigger complement activation via the classical pathway. We found that the lysine residues of IgG1 are rapidly modified after brief exposure to CNO- . Interestingly, modifications were not random, but instead limited to only few lysines within the hinge area and the N-terminal fragment of the CH2 domain. A complement activation assay combined with mass spectrometry analysis revealed a highly significant inverse correlation between carbamylation of several key lysine residues within the hinge region and N-terminus of the CH2 domain and the proper binding of C1q to human IgG1 followed by subsequent complement activation. This severely hindered complement-dependent cytotoxicity of therapeutic IgG1 . The reaction can apparently occur in vivo, as we found carbamylated antibodies in synovial fluid from rheumatoid arthritis patients. Taken together, our data suggest that carbamylation has a profound impact on the complement-activating ability of IgG1 and reveals a pivotal role for previously uncharacterized lysine residues in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalin Koro
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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164
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Jegaskanda S, Reading PC, Kent SJ. Influenza-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity: toward a universal influenza vaccine. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:469-75. [PMID: 24994909 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for universal influenza vaccines that can control emerging pandemic influenza virus threats without the need to generate new vaccines for each strain. Neutralizing Abs to the influenza virus hemagglutinin glycoprotein are effective at controlling influenza infection but generally target highly variable regions. Abs that can mediate other functions, such as killing influenza-infected cells and activating innate immune responses (termed "Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity [ADCC]-mediating Abs"), may assist in protective immunity to influenza. ADCC-mediating Abs can target more conserved regions of influenza virus proteins and recognize a broader array of influenza strains. We review recent research on influenza-specific ADCC Abs and their potential role in improved influenza-vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinthujan Jegaskanda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; and
| | - Patrick C Reading
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; and World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, North Melbourne, Victoria 3051, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; and
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165
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Raab S, Steinbacher J, Schmiedel BJ, Kousis PC, Steinle A, Jung G, Grosse-Hovest L, Salih HR. Fc-Optimized NKG2D–Fc Constructs Induce NK Cell Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity against Breast Cancer Cells Independently of HER2/neu Expression Status. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:4261-72. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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166
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Chiba S, Ikushima H, Ueki H, Yanai H, Kimura Y, Hangai S, Nishio J, Negishi H, Tamura T, Saijo S, Iwakura Y, Taniguchi T. Recognition of tumor cells by Dectin-1 orchestrates innate immune cells for anti-tumor responses. eLife 2014; 3:e04177. [PMID: 25149452 PMCID: PMC4161974 DOI: 10.7554/elife.04177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The eradication of tumor cells requires communication to and signaling by cells of the immune system. Natural killer (NK) cells are essential tumor-killing effector cells of the innate immune system; however, little is known about whether or how other immune cells recognize tumor cells to assist NK cells. Here, we show that the innate immune receptor Dectin-1 expressed on dendritic cells and macrophages is critical to NK-mediated killing of tumor cells that express N-glycan structures at high levels. Receptor recognition of these tumor cells causes the activation of the IRF5 transcription factor and downstream gene induction for the full-blown tumoricidal activity of NK cells. Consistent with this, we show exacerbated in vivo tumor growth in mice genetically deficient in either Dectin-1 or IRF5. The critical contribution of Dectin-1 in the recognition of and signaling by tumor cells may offer new insight into the anti-tumor immune system with therapeutic implications. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.04177.001 When cells in the body grow and divide uncontrollably, cancerous tumors can form. An individual's likelihood of recovering from cancer is highly variable and often depends on the type of cancer and the extent of the disease at the start of treatment. Researchers are therefore interested in discovering how the body responds against cancerous cells. The first line of defense against infection and disease is the body's innate immune system, which includes a suite of immune cells known as white blood cells. These cells patrol the body's organs and tissues in an effort to immediately respond to pathogens and damaged, stressed or otherwise abnormal host cells. Among white blood cells, natural killer cells are involved in identifying and destroying tumor cells. However, it was unclear whether or how other immune cells might help natural killer cells to destroy tumors. In addition, although immune cells detect pathogens and injured cells by producing proteins called pattern recognition receptors, it was unknown whether these receptors also detect tumor cells. Here, Chiba et al. reveal that two other types of immune cell—dendritic cells and macrophages—play essential roles in helping natural killer cells to prevent tumors from growing in mice. The dendritic cells and macrophages produce a pattern recognition receptor called Dectin-1 that recognizes a molecule found on the surface of some—but not all—types of tumor cell. In doing so, Dectin-1 activates a critical signaling pathway and directs the activity of the natural killer cells so that they can effectively kill tumor cells. Chiba et al. found that these tumors grew faster in mice that lack the Dectin-1 protein. The findings of Chiba et al. may also help to explain the effectiveness of certain antibodies—proteins that recognize and neutralize foreign objects such as bacteria and viruses—in cancer therapy. In addition, the Dectin-1 pathway presents a new avenue of research that may offer new cancer treatments. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.04177.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Chiba
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ikushima
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ueki
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yanai
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kimura
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Hangai
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Nishio
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Negishi
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Tamura
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shinobu Saijo
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Tadatsugu Taniguchi
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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167
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Steinbacher J, Baltz-Ghahremanpour K, Schmiedel BJ, Steinle A, Jung G, Kübler A, André MC, Grosse-Hovest L, Salih HR. An Fc-optimized NKG2D-immunoglobulin G fusion protein for induction of natural killer cell reactivity against leukemia. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:1073-84. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Steinbacher
- Department of Hematology and Oncology; Eberhard Karls University; Tuebingen Germany
| | | | | | - Alexander Steinle
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University; Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Gundram Jung
- Department of Immunology; Eberhard Karls University; Tuebingen Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Ayline Kübler
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology; University Children's Hospital, Eberhard Karls University; Tuebingen Germany
| | - Maya Caroline André
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology; University Children's Hospital, Eberhard Karls University; Tuebingen Germany
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care; University Children's Hospital; Basel Switzerland
| | | | - Helmut Rainer Salih
- Department of Hematology and Oncology; Eberhard Karls University; Tuebingen Germany
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK); Heidelberg Germany
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168
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Chamorro S, Vela M, Franco-Villanueva A, Carramolino L, Gutiérrez J, Gómez L, Lozano M, Salvador B, García-Gallo M, Martínez-A C, Kremer L. Antitumor effects of a monoclonal antibody to human CCR9 in leukemia cell xenografts. MAbs 2014; 6:1000-12. [PMID: 24870448 PMCID: PMC4171004 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.29063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor expression of certain chemokine receptors is associated with resistance to apoptosis, migration, invasiveness and metastasis. Because CCR9 chemokine receptor expression is very restricted in healthy tissue, whereas it is present in tumors of distinct origins including leukemias, melanomas, prostate and ovary carcinomas, it can be considered a suitable candidate for target-directed therapy. Here, we report the generation and characterization of 91R, a mouse anti-human CCR9 IgG2b monoclonal antibody that recognizes an epitope within the CCR9 N-terminal domain. This antibody inhibits the growth of subcutaneous xenografts from human acute T lymphoblastic leukemia MOLT-4 cells in immunodeficient Rag2−/− mice. Tumor size in 91R-treated mice was reduced by 85% compared with isotype-matched antibody-treated controls. Tumor reduction in 91R-treated mice was concomitant with an increase in the apoptotic cell fraction and tumor necrotic areas, as well as a decrease in the fraction of proliferating cells and in tumor vascularization. In the presence of complement or murine natural killer cells, 91R promoted in vitro lysis of MOLT-4 leukemia cells, indicating that this antibody might eliminate tumor cells via complement- and cell-dependent cytotoxicity. The results show the potential of the 91R monoclonal antibody as a therapeutic agent for treatment of CCR9-expressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Chamorro
- Department of Immunology and Oncology; Centro Nacional de Biotecnología; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB/CSIC); Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Vela
- Department of Immunology and Oncology; Centro Nacional de Biotecnología; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB/CSIC); Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Franco-Villanueva
- Department of Immunology and Oncology; Centro Nacional de Biotecnología; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB/CSIC); Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Carramolino
- Department of Immunology and Oncology; Centro Nacional de Biotecnología; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB/CSIC); Madrid, Spain; Current Affiliation: Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares; Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CNIC/ISCIII); Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Gutiérrez
- Department of Immunology and Oncology; Centro Nacional de Biotecnología; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB/CSIC); Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucio Gómez
- Department of Immunology and Oncology; Centro Nacional de Biotecnología; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB/CSIC); Madrid, Spain; Protein Tools Unit; Centro Nacional de Biotecnología; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB/CSIC); Madrid, Spain
| | - María Lozano
- Department of Immunology and Oncology; Centro Nacional de Biotecnología; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB/CSIC); Madrid, Spain; Protein Tools Unit; Centro Nacional de Biotecnología; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB/CSIC); Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Salvador
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics; Centro Nacional de Biotecnología; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB/CSIC); Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica García-Gallo
- Protein Tools Unit; Centro Nacional de Biotecnología; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB/CSIC); Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Martínez-A
- Department of Immunology and Oncology; Centro Nacional de Biotecnología; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB/CSIC); Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonor Kremer
- Department of Immunology and Oncology; Centro Nacional de Biotecnología; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB/CSIC); Madrid, Spain; Protein Tools Unit; Centro Nacional de Biotecnología; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB/CSIC); Madrid, Spain
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169
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Abstract
Cells can innately recognize generic products of viruses, bacteria, fungi, or injured tissue by engagement of pattern recognition receptors. Innate immune cells rapidly respond to this engagement to control commensals, thwart pathogens, and/or prompt repair. Insufficient or excessive activation of the innate immune response results in disease. This review focuses on pattern recognition receptors and cells of the innate immune system that are important for intestinal function. Our improving knowledge pertaining to this important aspect of our immune response is opening potential important new therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of disease.
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170
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De Re V, Caggiari L, De Zorzi M, Talamini R, Racanelli V, Andrea MD, Buonadonna A, Zagonel V, Cecchin E, Innocenti F, Toffoli G. Genetic diversity of the KIR/HLA system and outcome of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with chemotherapy. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84940. [PMID: 24497922 PMCID: PMC3908861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore genes of the killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) and of the HLA ligand and their relationship with the outcome of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients treated with first-line 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI). METHODS A total of 224 mCRC patients were screened for KIR/HLA typing. The determination of the KIR/HLA combinations was based upon the gene content and variants. Genetic associations with complete response (CR), time to progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated by calculating odds and hazard ratios. Multivariate modeling with prognostic covariates was also performed. RESULTS For CR, the presence of KIR2DL5A, 2DS5, 2DS1, 3DS1, and KIR3DS1/HLA-Bw4-I80 was associated with increased CR rates, with median ORs ranging from 2.1 to 4.3, while the absence of KIR2DS4 and 3DL1 was associated with increased CR rates (OR 3.1). After univariate analysis, patients that underwent resective surgery of tumor, absence of KIR2DS5, and presence of KIR3DL1/HLA-Bw4-I80 showed a significant better OS (HR 1.5 to 2.8). Multivariate analysis identified as parameters independently related to OS the type of treatment (surgery; HR 2.0) and KIR3DL1/HLA-Bw4-I80 genotype (HR for T-I80 2.7 and for no functional KIR/HLA interaction 1.8). For TTP, no association with KIR/HLA genes was observed. CONCLUSION This study, for the first time, evidences that the genotyping for KIR-HLA pairs are found predictive markers associated with complete response and improves overall survival prediction of FOLFIRI treatment response in metastatic colorectal cancer. These results suggest a role of the KIR/HLA system in patient outcome, and guide new research on the immunogenetics of mCRC through mechanistic studies and clinical validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valli De Re
- Translational Research, CRO National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Laura Caggiari
- Translational Research, CRO National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Mariangela De Zorzi
- Translational Research, CRO National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Renato Talamini
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, CRO National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Vito Racanelli
- Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Mario D’ Andrea
- Medical Oncology Unit, San Filippo Neri Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Buonadonna
- Medical Oncology, CRO National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | | | - Erika Cecchin
- Translational Research, CRO National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Federico Innocenti
- University of North Carolina, Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Translational Research, CRO National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
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171
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Kmiecik J, Zimmer J, Chekenya M. Natural killer cells in intracranial neoplasms: presence and therapeutic efficacy against brain tumours. J Neurooncol 2014; 116:1-9. [PMID: 24085644 PMCID: PMC3889498 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-013-1265-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that play an important role in anti-tumour immunity. Their potential against brain cancer has been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo, both as a direct anti-tumour agent and in experimental therapies stimulating endogenous NK cell cytotoxicity. However, the clinical translation of these promising results requires detailed knowledge about the immune status of brain tumour patients, with focus on the NK cell population. In this report, we provide an overview of the studies investigating NK cell infiltration into the tumour, emphasizing the need of revision of the methodologies and further research in this field. We also discuss the potential of using autologous or allogeneic NK cells as effector cells in cellular therapy against brain cancer and developing immunotherapies stimulating endogenous NK cell-mediated anti-tumour response, such as blocking inhibitory killer immunoglobulin-like receptors. Combination of NK cell adoptive transfer with targeted therapies, such as anti-EGFR therapeutic antibody (CetuximAb) could also be a potent strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Kmiecik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Jacques Zimmer
- Laboratoire d’Immunogénétique-Allergologie, CRP-Santé, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Martha Chekenya
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
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172
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Koido S, Ohkusa T, Homma S, Namiki Y, Takakura K, Saito K, Ito Z, Kobayashi H, Kajihara M, Uchiyama K, Arihiro S, Arakawa H, Okamoto M, Gong J, Tajiri H. Immunotherapy for colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:8531-8542. [PMID: 24379570 PMCID: PMC3870498 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i46.8531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is on the rise, and the prognosis for patients with recurrent or metastatic disease is extremely poor. Although chemotherapy and radiation therapy can improve survival rates, it is imperative to integrate alternative strategies such as immunotherapy to improve outcomes for patients with advanced CRC. In this review, we will discuss the effect of immunotherapy for inducing cytotoxic T lymphocytes and the major immunotherapeutic approaches for CRC that are currently in clinical trials, including peptide vaccines, dendritic cell-based cancer vaccines, whole tumor cell vaccines, viral vector-based cancer vaccines, adoptive cell transfer therapy, antibody-based cancer immunotherapy, and cytokine therapy. The possibility of combination therapies will also be discussed along with the challenges presented by tumor escape mechanisms.
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173
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Gilabert-Oriol R, Thakur M, von Mallinckrodt B, Hug T, Wiesner B, Eichhorst J, Melzig MF, Fuchs H, Weng A. Modified Trastuzumab and Cetuximab Mediate Efficient Toxin Delivery While Retaining Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity in Target Cells. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:4347-57. [DOI: 10.1021/mp400444q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Gilabert-Oriol
- Institut
für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm
30, D-12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mayank Thakur
- Institut
für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm
30, D-12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Benedicta von Mallinckrodt
- Institut
für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm
30, D-12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Hug
- Institut
für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm
30, D-12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkhard Wiesner
- Leibnizinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jenny Eichhorst
- Leibnizinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias F. Melzig
- Institut
für Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße
2+4, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik Fuchs
- Institut
für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm
30, D-12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Weng
- Institut
für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm
30, D-12200 Berlin, Germany
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174
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Leclerc D, Rivest M, Babin C, López-Macias C, Savard P. A novel M2e based flu vaccine formulation for dogs. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77084. [PMID: 24098576 PMCID: PMC3788766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The USA 2004 influenza virus outbreak H3N8 in dogs heralded the emergence of a new disease in this species. A new inactivated H3N8 vaccine was developed to control the spread of the disease but, as in humans and swine, it is anticipated that the virus will mutate shift and drift in the dog population. Therefore, there is a need for a vaccine that can trigger a broad protection to prevent the spread of the virus and the emergence of new strains. Methodology and Principal Findings The universal M2e peptide is identical in almost all the H3N8 influenza strains sequenced to date and known to infect dogs. This epitope is therefore a good choice for development of a vaccine to provide broad protection. Malva mosaic virus (MaMV) nanoparticles were chosen as a vaccine platform to improve the stability of the M2e peptide and increase its immunogenicity in animals. The addition of an adjuvant (OmpC) purified from Salmonella typhi membrane in the vaccine formulation increased the immune response directed to the M2e peptide significantly and enlarged the protection to include the heterosubtypic strain of influenza in a mouse model. An optimal vaccine formulation was also shown to be immunogenic in dogs. Conclusions and Significance The MaMV vaccine platform triggered an improved immune response directed towards the universal M2e peptide. The adjuvant OmpC increased the immune response to the M2e peptide and protection to a heterosubtypic influenza strain that harbors a different M2e peptide in a mouse model. Antibodies generated by the vaccine formulation showed cross-reactivity with M2e peptides derived from influenza strains H9N2, H5N1 and H1N1. The vaccine formulation shows a potential for commercialization of a new M2e based vaccine in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Leclerc
- Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology (Infectious Disease Research Centre), Laval University, Quebec City, P. Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Marie Rivest
- Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology (Infectious Disease Research Centre), Laval University, Quebec City, P. Quebec, Canada
| | - Cindy Babin
- Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology (Infectious Disease Research Centre), Laval University, Quebec City, P. Quebec, Canada
| | - Constantino López-Macias
- Medical Research Unit on Immunochemistry, Specialties Hospital, National Medical Centre “Siglo XXI”, Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pierre Savard
- Neurosciences, Laval University, Quebec City, P. Quebec, Canada
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Natural killer cell biology: an update and future directions. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 132:536-544. [PMID: 23906377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells constitute a minor subset of normal lymphocytes that initiate innate immune responses toward tumor and virus-infected cells. They can mediate spontaneous cytotoxicity toward these abnormal cells and rapidly secrete numerous cytokines and chemokines to promote subsequent adaptive immune responses. Significant progress has been made in the past 2 decades to improve our understanding of NK cell biology. Here we review recent discoveries, including a better comprehension of the "education" of NK cells to achieve functional competence during their maturation and the discovery of "memory" responses by NK cells, suggesting that they might also contribute to adaptive immunity. The improved understanding of NK cell biology has forged greater awareness that these cells play integral early roles in immune responses. In addition, several promising clinical therapies have been used to exploit NK cell functions in treating patients with cancer. As our molecular understanding improves, these and future immunotherapies should continue to provide promising strategies to exploit the unique functions of NK cells to treat cancer, infections, and other pathologic conditions.
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