151
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Ray S, Murkin AS. New Electrophiles and Strategies for Mechanism-Based and Targeted Covalent Inhibitor Design. Biochemistry 2019; 58:5234-5244. [PMID: 30990686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Covalent inhibitors are experiencing a growing resurgence in drug design and are an increasingly useful tool in molecular biology. The ability to attach inhibitors to their targets by a covalent linkage offers pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic advantages, but this can also be a liability if undesired off-target reactions are not mitigated. The discovery of new electrophilic groups that react selectively with specific amino acid residues is therefore highly desirable in the design of targeted covalent inhibitors (TCIs). Additionally, the ability to control the reactivity through exploitation of the target enzyme's machinery, as in mechanism-based inhibitors (MBIs), greatly benefits from the discovery of new strategies. This Perspective showcases recent advances in electrophile development and their application in TCIs and MBIs, exhibiting high selectivity for their targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Ray
- Department of Chemistry , University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo , New York 14260-3000 , United States
| | - Andrew S Murkin
- Department of Chemistry , University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo , New York 14260-3000 , United States
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152
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Fu Y, Zhang L, Zhang R, Xu S, Wang H, Jin Y, Wu Z. Enterovirus 71 Suppresses miR-17-92 Cluster Through Up-Regulating Methylation of the miRNA Promoter. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:625. [PMID: 30984146 PMCID: PMC6447709 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71), the etiological agent of hand-foot-and-mouth disease, has become an increasing public health challenge worldwide. Accumulating evidence suggests that mammalian microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of non-coding RNAs of 18 to 24 nucleotides (nt) with important regulatory roles in cellular processes, participate in host antiviral defense and studies have suggested roles of miRNAs in EV71 replication and pathogenesis. In the current study, we reported that the expression of hsa-miR-17∼92 cluster was significantly downregulated during EV71 infection. Overexpression of hsa-miR-17∼92 inhibited, while inhibition of endogenous hsa-miR-17∼92 facilitated EV71 replication. We identified two sequences located at nt 3024 to 3038 and nt 2838 to 2862 of the EV71 (strain FY0805) genome as potential targets for hsa-miR-17-5p and miR-19a/b, respectively, which were validated by luciferase reporter assays and Western blot. Meanwhile, we identified DNA methylation as a novel mechanism of hsa-miR-17∼92 regulatory roles. The methylation of the miR-17-92 promoter was significantly increased (50%) upon EV71 infection, which appeared to be caused by the increased expression of DNMT3B but not DNMT1 and DNMT3A. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the members of miR-17-92 cluster were decreased in the sera of EV71 infected patients, suggesting the clinical implication and the potential therapeutic application of miR-17-92.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Fu
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China.,Center for Public Health Research, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shijie Xu
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huanru Wang
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Jin
- Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China.,Center for Public Health Research, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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153
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Abstract
The most common type of head and neck cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), can develop therapeutic resistance that complicates its treatment. The 5-y survival rate for HNSCC remains at ~50%, and improving these outcomes requires a better understanding of the pathogenesis of HNSCC. Studies of HNSCC using in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo approaches provide a novel conceptual framework based on epigenetic mechanisms for developing future clinical applications. Normal oral tissues are influenced by environmental factors that induce pathological changes affecting the network of epigenetic enzymes and signaling pathways to induce HNSCC growth and metastasis. Although various epigenetic regulator families, such as DNA methyltransferases, ten-eleven translocation proteins, histone acetyltransferases, histone deacetylases, BET bromodomain proteins, protein arginine methyltransferases, histone lysine methyltransferases, and histone lysine demethylases, have a role in diverse cancers, specific members have a function in HNSCC. Recently, lysine-specific demethylases have been identified as a potential, attractive, and novel target of HNSCC. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) expression is inappropriately upregulated in HNSCC and an orthotopic HNSCC mouse model. LSD1 can demethylate lysine at specific histone positions to repress gene expression or stimulate transcription, indicating a dual and context-dependent role in transcriptional regulation. Our study showed that LSD1 promotes HNSCC growth and metastasis. Pharmacological attenuation of LSD1 inhibits orthotopic and patient-derived HNSCC xenograft growth-specific target genes and signaling pathways. This review provides recent evidence demonstrating the function of epigenetic regulator enzymes in HNSCC progression, including potential therapeutic applications for such enzymes in combination and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.V. Bais
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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154
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Jang HO, Lee HN, Woo JH, Lee JY, Kim A, Lee JK, Kim DH, Surh YJ, Na HK. 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 up-regulates the expression of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase through DNA methyltransferase 1 inactivation. Free Radic Res 2019; 53:335-347. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1576867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Ok Jang
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ha-Na Lee
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Woo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Health & Wellness, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ja-Young Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Health & Wellness, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Areumnuri Kim
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Kyung Lee
- KIRAMS Radiation Biobank, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Do-Hee Kim
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Na
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Health & Wellness, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Knowledge-Based Services Engineering, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul, South Korea
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155
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Li J, Wang R, Hu X, Gao Y, Wang Z, Li J, Wong J. Activated MEK/ERK Pathway Drives Widespread and Coordinated Overexpression of UHRF1 and DNMT1 in Cancer cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:907. [PMID: 30696879 PMCID: PMC6351616 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37258-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The UHRF1-DNMT1 axis plays a key role in DNA maintenance methylation in mammals. Accumulative studies demonstrate that UHRF1 is broadly overexpressed in cancers, which contributes to cancer cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Interestingly, a proteasome-dependent downregulation of UHRF1 has been observed in pluripotent ground state mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) cultured in the presence of two kinase (MEK1/MEK2 and GSK3β) inhibitors (termed 2i), raising the question whether UHRF1 is similarly regulated in cancer cells. Here we present evidence that while addition of 2i broadly downregulates UHRF1 and DNMT1 in various cancer cells, distinct underlying mechanisms are involved. In contrast to mESCs, 2i-induced downregulation of UHRF1 and DNMT1 in cancer cells cannot be rescued by proteasome inhibitor and occurs primarily at the level of transcription. Furthermore, downregulation of UHRF1 and DNMT1 by 2i is due to inhibition of MEK1/MEK2, but not GSK3β activity. Data mining reveals a marked co-expression of UHRF1 and DNMT1 in normal tissues as well as cancers. We provide evidence that multiple transcription factors including E2F1 and SP1 mediate the transcriptional activation of UHRF1 and DNMT1 by the activated MEK/ERK pathway. Together our study reveals distinct regulation of UHRF1/DNMT1 in mESCs and cancer cells and identifies activated MEK/ERK pathway as a driving force for coordinated and aberrant over-expression of UHRF1 and DNMT1 in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialun Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Fengxian District Central Hospital-ECNU Joint Center of Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ruiping Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Fengxian District Central Hospital-ECNU Joint Center of Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xueli Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Fengxian District Central Hospital-ECNU Joint Center of Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yingying Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Fengxian District Central Hospital-ECNU Joint Center of Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Fengxian District Central Hospital-ECNU Joint Center of Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jiwen Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Fengxian District Central Hospital-ECNU Joint Center of Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Jiemin Wong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Fengxian District Central Hospital-ECNU Joint Center of Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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156
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Honeywell RJ, Sarkisjan D, Kristensen MH, de Klerk DJ, Peters GJ. DNA methyltransferases expression in normal tissues and various human cancer cell lines, xenografts and tumors. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 37:696-708. [PMID: 30663502 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2018.1498516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation plays an important role in carcinogenesis and aberrant methylation patterns have been found in many tumors. Methylation is regulated by DNA methyltransferases (DNMT), catalyzing DNA methylation. Therefore inhibition of DNMT is an interesting target for anticancer treatment. RX-3117 (fluorocyclopentenylcytosine) is a novel demethylating antimetabolite that is currently being studied in clinical trials in metastatic bladder and pancreatic cancers. The active nucleotide of RX-3117 is incorporated into DNA leading to downregulation of DNMT1, the maintenance DNA methylation enzyme. Since DNMT1 is a major target for the activity of RX-3117, DNMT1 may be a potential predictive biomarker. Therefore, DNMT1 protein and mRNA expression was investigated in 19 cancer cell lines, 26 human xenografts (hematological, lung, pancreatic, colon, bladder cancer) and 10 colorectal cancer patients. The DNMT1 mRNA expression showed large variation between cell lines (100-fold) and the 26 xenografts (1100-fold) investigated. The DNMT1 protein was overexpressed in colon tumours from patients compared to non-malignant mucosa from the same patients (P = 0.02). The DNA methylation in these patients was significantly higher in tumour tissues compared to normal mucosa (P = 0.001). DNMT1 expression in normal white blood cells also showed a large variation. In conclusion, the large variation in DNMT1 expression may serve as a potential biomarker for demethylating therapy such as with RX-3117.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Honeywell
- a Department of Medical Oncology , VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Dzjemma Sarkisjan
- a Department of Medical Oncology , VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Michael H Kristensen
- b Department of Clinical Pathology , South Naestved Hospital , Denmark, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel J de Klerk
- a Department of Medical Oncology , VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Godefridus J Peters
- a Department of Medical Oncology , VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
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157
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Wu H, Zhang W, Wu Z, Liu Y, Shi Y, Gong J, Shen W, Liu C. miR-29c-3p regulates DNMT3B and LATS1 methylation to inhibit tumor progression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:48. [PMID: 30718452 PMCID: PMC6362005 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1281-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that microRNAs and DNA methylation can cause tumor suppressor gene inactivation and promote tumor malignancy. However, the functional mechanisms of miR-29c-3p and DNA methylation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are unclear. Here, we reported that miR-29c-3p expression was significantly downregulated in HCC tissues and cell lines. Low miR-29c-3p expression correlated with tumor size, multiplicity pathologic features, and shorter overall survival. Overexpression of miR-29c-3p significantly inhibited HCC cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, DNA methyltransferases 3B (DNMT3B) was upregulated in HCC tissues, and was negatively correlated with miR-29c-3p expression. Luciferase reporter and western blotting assays revealed that DNMT3B is a target gene directly regulated by miR-29c-3p. Furthermore, miR-29c-3p regulates the methylation of large tumor suppressor gene 1 (LATS1) by DNMT3B, and abnormal methylation of LATS1 inactivates Hippo signaling pathway. We subsequently identified that high DNMT3B expression and low LATS1 expression were frequently identified in HCC tissues and were associated with poor prognosis. In conclusion, our results indicate that miR-29c-3p acts as a tumor suppressor in HCC by targeting DNMT3B and the LATS1-associated Hippo signaling pathway, which might represent a novel potential therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Zhenru Wu
- Laboratory of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth people's Hospital of Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Yujun Shi
- Laboratory of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jianping Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Changan Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
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158
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Nakamura M, Chiba T, Kanayama K, Kanzaki H, Saito T, Kusakabe Y, Kato N. Epigenetic dysregulation in hepatocellular carcinoma: an up-to-date review. Hepatol Res 2019; 49:3-13. [PMID: 30238570 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Due to the advances made in research based on next generation sequencers, it is now possible to detect and analyze epigenetic abnormalities associated with cancer. DNA methylation, various histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNA-associated gene silencing are considered to be transcriptional regulatory mechanisms associated with gene expression changes. The breakdown of this precise regulatory system is involved in the transition to cancer. The important role of epigenetic regulation can be observed from the high rate of genetic mutations and abnormal gene expression leading to a breakdown in epigenetic gene expression regulation seen in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Based on an understanding of epigenomic abnormalities associated with pathological conditions, these findings will lead the way to diagnosis and treatment. In particular, in addition to the fact that there are few choices in terms of extant drug therapies aimed at HCC, there are limits to their antitumor effects. The clinical application of epigenetic therapeutic agents for HCC has only just begun, and future developments are expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Chiba
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kengo Kanayama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kanzaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoko Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuko Kusakabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoya Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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159
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Bouchut A, Rotili D, Pierrot C, Valente S, Lafitte S, Schultz J, Hoglund U, Mazzone R, Lucidi A, Fabrizi G, Pechalrieu D, Arimondo PB, Skinner-Adams TS, Chua MJ, Andrews KT, Mai A, Khalife J. Identification of novel quinazoline derivatives as potent antiplasmodial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 161:277-291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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160
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Chen N, Zhao G, Yan X, Lv Z, Yin H, Zhang S, Song W, Li X, Li L, Du Z, Jia L, Zhou L, Li W, Hoffman AR, Hu JF, Cui J. A novel FLI1 exonic circular RNA promotes metastasis in breast cancer by coordinately regulating TET1 and DNMT1. Genome Biol 2018; 19:218. [PMID: 30537986 PMCID: PMC6290540 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-018-1594-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Friend leukemia virus integration 1 (FLI1), an ETS transcription factor family member, acts as an oncogenic driver in hematological malignancies and promotes tumor growth in solid tumors. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the activation of this proto-oncogene in tumors. Results Immunohistochemical staining showed that FLI1 is aberrantly overexpressed in advanced stage and metastatic breast cancers. Using a CRISPR Cas9-guided immunoprecipitation assay, we identify a circular RNA in the FLI1 promoter chromatin complex, consisting of FLI1 exons 4-2-3, referred to as FECR1.Overexpression of FECR1 enhances invasiveness of MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells. Notably, FECR1 utilizes a positive feedback mechanism to activate FLI1 by inducing DNA hypomethylation in CpG islands of the promoter. FECR1 binds to the FLI1 promoter in cis and recruits TET1, a demethylase that is actively involved in DNA demethylation. FECR1 also binds to and downregulates in trans DNMT1, a methyltransferase that is essential for the maintenance of DNA methylation. Conclusions These data suggest that FECR1 circular RNA acts as an upstream regulator to control breast cancer tumor growth by coordinating the regulation of DNA methylating and demethylating enzymes. Thus, FLI1 drives tumor metastasis not only through the canonical oncoprotein pathway, but also by using epigenetic mechanisms mediated by its exonic circular RNA. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13059-018-1594-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naifei Chen
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 133021, Jilin, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Breast Cancer Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 133021, Jilin, China
| | - Xu Yan
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 133021, Jilin, China
| | - Zheng Lv
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 133021, Jilin, China
| | - Hongmei Yin
- Department of General Internal Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 133021, Jilin, China
| | - Shilin Zhang
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 133021, Jilin, China.,Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Wei Song
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 133021, Jilin, China
| | - Xueli Li
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 133021, Jilin, China.,Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Lingyu Li
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 133021, Jilin, China
| | - Zhonghua Du
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 133021, Jilin, China
| | - Lin Jia
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 133021, Jilin, China.,Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Lei Zhou
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 133021, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Li
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 133021, Jilin, China
| | - Andrew R Hoffman
- Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Ji-Fan Hu
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 133021, Jilin, China. .,Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 133021, Jilin, China.
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161
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Uramova S, Kubatka P, Dankova Z, Kapinova A, Zolakova B, Samec M, Zubor P, Zulli A, Valentova V, Kwon TK, Solar P, Kello M, Kajo K, Busselberg D, Pec M, Danko J. Plant natural modulators in breast cancer prevention: status quo and future perspectives reinforced by predictive, preventive, and personalized medical approach. EPMA J 2018; 9:403-419. [PMID: 30538792 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-018-0154-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to the genetic component in mammary carcinogenesis, epigenetic alterations are particularly important for the development of sporadic breast cancer (BC) comprising over 90% of all BC cases worldwide. Most of the DNA methylation processes are physiological and essential for human cellular and tissue homeostasis, playing an important role in a number of key mechanisms. However, if dysregulated, DNA methylation contributes to pathological processes such as cancer development and progression. A global hypomethylation of oncogenes and hypermethylation of tumor-suppressor genes are characteristic of most cancer types. Moreover, histone chemical modifications and non-coding RNA-associated multi-gene controls are considered as the key epigenetic mechanisms governing the cellular homeostasis and differentiation states. A number of studies demonstrate dietary plant products as actively affecting the development and progression of cancer. "Nutri-epigenetics" focuses on the influence of dietary agents on epigenetic mechanisms. This approach has gained considerable attention; since in contrast to genetic alterations, epigenetic modifications are reversible affect early carcinogenesis. Currently, there is an evident lack of papers dedicated to the phytochemicals/plant extracts as complex epigenetic modulators, specifically in BC. Our paper highlights the role of plant natural compounds in targeting epigenetic alterations associated with BC development, progression, as well as its potential chemoprevention in the context of preventive medicine. Comprehensive measures are stated with a great potential to advance the overall BC management in favor of predictive, preventive, and personalized medical services and can be considered as "proof-of principle" model, for their potential application to other multifactorial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona Uramova
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kubatka
- 2Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia.,3Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Dankova
- 3Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Kapinova
- 3Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Barbora Zolakova
- 3Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Marek Samec
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Zubor
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Anthony Zulli
- 4Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- 6Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Peter Solar
- 7Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martin Kello
- 8Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Karol Kajo
- Department of Pathology, St. Elisabeth Oncology Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dietrich Busselberg
- 10Qatar Foundation, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, Doha Qatar
| | - Martin Pec
- 2Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Jan Danko
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
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162
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Novel protein signatures suggest progression to muscular invasiveness in bladder cancer. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206475. [PMID: 30419021 PMCID: PMC6231613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with bladder cancer need frequent controls over long follow-up time due to high recurrence rate and risk of conversion to muscle invasive cancer with poor prognosis. We identified cancer-related molecular signatures in apparently healthy bladder in patients with subsequent muscular invasiveness during follow-up. Global proteomics of the normal tissue biopsies revealed specific proteome fingerprints in these patients prior to subsequent muscular invasiveness. In these presumed normal samples, we detected modulations of proteins previously associated with different cancer types. This study indicates that analyzing apparently healthy tissue of a cancer-invaded organ may suggest disease progression.
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163
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Fouad MA, Salem SE, Hussein MM, Zekri ARN, Hafez HF, El Desouky ED, Shouman SA. Impact of Global DNA Methylation in Treatment Outcome of Colorectal Cancer Patients. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1173. [PMID: 30405408 PMCID: PMC6201055 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Global DNA methylation has an impact in cancer pathogenesis and progression. This study aimed at investigating the impact of global DNA methylation in treatment outcome of Colorectal Cancer (CRC). Patients and Methods: Global DNA methylation was measured by LC/MS/MS in peripheral blood leucocytes of 102, 48, and 32 Egyptian CRC patients at baseline and after 3 and 6 months of Fluoropyrimidine (FP) therapy respectively, in addition to 32 normal healthy matched in age and sex. The genetic expressions of DNA methyl transferases (DNMTs) were determined and correlated with patients‘ survival using univariate and multivariate methods of analyses. Results: Egyptian CRC patients had significant global hypomethylation of 5mC level and 5mC % with overexpression of DNMT3A and DNMT3B. Significant higher 5mC levels were shown in patients > 45 years, male gender, T2 tumors, stage II, negative lymph nodes, and absence of metastasis. FP therapy significantly reduced DNA methylation particularly in the subgroups of patients with high DNA methylation level at baseline and good prognostic features. After 3 years of follow up, patients with 5mC % > 8.02% had significant poor overall survival (OS) while, significant better event-free survival (EFS) was found in patients with 5mC level > 0.55. High initial CEA level and presence of metastasis were significantly associated with hazards of disease progression and death. Conclusion: Global DNA methylation has a significant impact on the treatment outcome and survival of Egyptian CRC patients treated with FP- based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam A Fouad
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Salem E Salem
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Hussein
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdel Rahman N Zekri
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Department of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hafez F Hafez
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman D El Desouky
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samia A Shouman
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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164
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Sasaki T, Kudalkar SN, Bertoletti N, Anderson KS. DRONE: Direct Tracking of DNA Cytidine Deamination and Other DNA Modifying Activities. Anal Chem 2018; 90:11735-11740. [PMID: 30256094 PMCID: PMC6410358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes that catalyze DNA modifying activities including cytidine deamination and cytosine methylation play important biological roles and have been implicated pathologically in diseases such as cancer. Here, we report Direct Resolution of ONE dalton difference (DRONE), an ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-based analytical method to track a single dalton change in the cytosine-to-uracil conversion catalyzed by the human apolipoprotein B m-RNA editing catalytic polypeptide-like 3 (APOBEC3) cytidine deaminases, implicated in cancer and antiviral defense. Additionally, we demonstrate broad applicability by tracking other important DNA modifications and assessing epigenetic enzyme inhibition. We have extended our methodology to obtain data on two distinct deamination events in the same oligonucleotide substrate designed from a putative APOBEC substrate, diversifying the utility of the described method. DRONE provides an important foundation for in-depth analysis of DNA-modifying enzymes and versatile detection of novel DNA modifications of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Sasaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, 333 Cedar St. SHM B-350 New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Shalley N. Kudalkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, 333 Cedar St. SHM B-350 New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Nicole Bertoletti
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, 333 Cedar St. SHM B-350 New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Karen S. Anderson
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, 333 Cedar St. SHM B-350 New Haven, CT 06520
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165
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Wang G, Das J, Ahmed S, Nemr CR, Zhang L, Poudineh M, Sargent EH, Kelley SO. Curvature-Mediated Surface Accessibility Enables Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Human Methyltransferase Analysis. ACS Sens 2018; 3:1765-1772. [PMID: 30080023 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of new tools for tracking the activity of human DNA methyltransferases is an important goal given the role of this enzyme as a cancer biomarker and epigenetic modulator. However, analysis of the human DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1) activity is challenging, especially in crude samples, because of the low activity and large size of the enzyme. Here, we report a new approach to Dnmt analysis that combines nanostructured electrodes with a digest-and-amplify strategy that directly monitors Dnmt1 activity with high sensitivity. Nanostructured electrodes are required for the function of the assay to promote the accessibility of the electrode for human Dnmt1. Moreover, DNA-templated deposition of silver nanoparticles (for signal amplification) is combined with DNA Exonuclease I digestion to yield optimal target-to-control signals. We achieve high sensitivity for the detection of human Dnmt1, and particularly Dnmt1 from crude cell lysates. Specifically, the detection limit of our electrochemical assay is 20 pM, which is 2 orders of magnitude lower than previously reported methods. In crude lysates, we detected Dnmt1 from as few as five colorectal cancer cells (HCT116). With biopsy samples, we were able to distinguish colorectal tumor tissue from healthy adjacent tissue using only 10 μg of sample. The strategy enables analysis of an important marker underlying the epigenetic basis of cancerous transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangli Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3M2, Canada
| | - Jagotamoy Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3M2, Canada
| | - Sharif Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3M2, Canada
| | - Carine R. Nemr
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3M2, Canada
| | - Libing Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3M2, Canada
| | - Mahla Poudineh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3M2, Canada
| | - Edward H. Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3M2, Canada
| | - Shana O. Kelley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3M2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3M2, Canada
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166
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USP24 induces IL-6 in tumor-associated microenvironment by stabilizing p300 and β-TrCP and promotes cancer malignancy. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3996. [PMID: 30266897 PMCID: PMC6162259 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06178-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that USP24 is involved in cancer progression. Here, we found that USP24 expression is upregulated in M2 macrophages and lung cancer cells. Conditioned medium from USP24-knockdown M2 macrophages decreases the migratory and chemotactic activity of lung cancer cells and the angiogenic properties of human microvascular endothelial cell 1 (HMEC-1). IL-6 expression is significantly decreased in USP24-knockdown M2 macrophages and lung cancer cells, and IL-6-replenished conditioned medium restores the migratory, chemotactic and angiogenetic properties of the cells. USP24 stabilizes p300 and β-TrCP to increase the levels of histone-3 acetylation and NF-κB, and decreases the levels of DNMT1 and IκB, thereby increasing IL-6 transcription in M2 macrophages and lung cancer cells, results in cancer malignancy finally. IL-6 has previously been a target for cancer drug development. Here, we provide direct evidence to support that USP24 promotes IL-6 expression, which might be beneficial for cancer therapy. USP24 has previously been reported to be involved in cancer progression. Here, the authors demonstrate that USP24 stabilizes p300 and β-TrCP to increase the levels of NF-κB and histone-3 acetylation, and decrease DNMT1 and IκB levels which promotes IL-6 expression in M2 macrophages and lung cancer cells.
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167
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Wang YQ, Lu JL, Liang YR, Li QS. Suppressive Effects of EGCG on Cervical Cancer. Molecules 2018; 23:E2334. [PMID: 30213130 PMCID: PMC6225117 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common gynecological cancer worldwide. Although prophylactic vaccination presents the most effective method for cervical cancer prevention, chemotherapy is still the primary invasive intervention. It is urgent to exploit low-toxic natural anticancer drugs on account of high cytotoxicity and side-effects of conventional agents. As a natural product, (-)-epigallocatechingallate (EGCG) has abilities in anti-proliferation, anti-metastasis and pro-apoptosis of cervical cancer cells. Moreover, EGCG also has pharmaceutical synergistic effects with conventional agents such as cisplatin (CDDP) and bleomycin (BLM). The underlying mechanisms of EGCG suppressive effects on cervical cancer are reviewed in this article. Further research directions and ambiguous results are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Qi Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, # 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jian-Liang Lu
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, # 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yue-Rong Liang
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, # 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Qing-Sheng Li
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, # 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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168
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Khazayel S, Mokarram P, Mohammadi Z, Ramezani F, Dayong Z. Derivative of Stevioside; CPUK02; Restores ESR1 Gene Methylation in MDA-MB 231. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:2117-2123. [PMID: 30139210 PMCID: PMC6171390 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.8.2117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: CPUK02 (15-Oxosteviol benzyl ester) is a new ent-kaurenoid derivative of stevioside and exhibits strong anti-cancer activity. Nowadays, the pattern of epigenetic in cancer has been topic of many studies and DNA methylation targeting represents a relevant strategy for cancer treatment. Since, no study conducted to this mechanism, we attempt to evaluate whether CPUK02 induce its anti-cancer effects via alteration the level of mRNA DNMT3B, DNMT3A expression and ESR1 methylation pattern in breast cancer cells line. Methods: MCF-7 (ER +) and MDA-MB231 (ER-) cell lines were treated for 24, 48 hours with 1 µM CPUK02 and 5-AZA-CdR (DNA methyltransferase inhibitor). Quantitative expression of DNMT3B and DNMT3A genes and ESR1 promoter methylation was assessed by Real-Time PCR and MS-PCR, respectively. Results: CPUK02 restored ESR1 promoter unmethylated allele in MDA-MB 231 cells. Also treatment with CPUK02 decreased the expression of both DNMT3A and DNMT3B genes like 5-AZA. The expression of DNMT genes were diminished by half compared with control cells. Conclusions: These results showed that CPUK02 has an anticancer effect on MDA-MB 231 cells which this effect can be done through several pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Khazayel
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. ,
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169
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Biswas S, Rao CM. Epigenetic tools (The Writers, The Readers and The Erasers) and their implications in cancer therapy. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 837:8-24. [PMID: 30125562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Addition of chemical tags on the DNA and modification of histone proteins impart a distinct feature on chromatin architecture. With the advancement in scientific research, the key players underlying these changes have been identified as epigenetic modifiers of the chromatin. Indeed, the plethora of enzymes catalyzing these modifications, portray the diversity of epigenetic space and the intricacy in regulating gene expression. These epigenetic players are categorized as writers: that introduce various chemical modifications on DNA and histones, readers: the specialized domain containing proteins that identify and interpret those modifications and erasers: the dedicated group of enzymes proficient in removing these chemical tags. Research over the past few decades has established that these epigenetic tools are associated with numerous disease conditions especially cancer. Besides, with the involvement of epigenetics in cancer, these enzymes and protein domains provide new targets for cancer drug development. This is certain from the volume of epigenetic research conducted in universities and R&D sector of pharmaceutical industry. Here we have highlighted the different types of epigenetic enzymes and protein domains with an emphasis on methylation and acetylation. This review also deals with the recent developments in small molecule inhibitors as potential anti-cancer drugs targeting the epigenetic space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhankar Biswas
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - C Mallikarjuna Rao
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
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170
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Nucleosidic DNA demethylating epigenetic drugs – A comprehensive review from discovery to clinic. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 188:45-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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171
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Ma HS, Wang EL, Xu WF, Yamada S, Yoshimoto K, Qian ZR, Shi L, Liu LL, Li XH. Overexpression of DNA (Cytosine-5)-Methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) And DNA (Cytosine-5)-Methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) Is Associated with Aggressive Behavior and Hypermethylation of Tumor Suppressor Genes in Human Pituitary Adenomas. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:4841-4850. [PMID: 30002361 PMCID: PMC6069575 DOI: 10.12659/msm.910608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alteration of DNA methylation of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) is one of the most consistent epigenetic changes in human cancers. DNMTs play several important roles in DNA methylation and development of cancers. Regarding DNMTs protein expressions, little is known about the clinical significance and correlation with promoter methylation status of TSGs in human pituitary adenomas. Material/Methods We analyzed the protein expression of 3 DNMTs using immunohistochemistry and assessed DNA hypermethylation of RASSF1A, CDH13, CDH1, and CDKN2A (p16) in 63 pituitary adenomas. We examined associations between DNMTs expression and clinicopathological features or promoter methylation status of TSGs. Results Overexpression of DNMTs was detected in pituitary adenomas. Frequencies of DNMT1 overexpression were significantly higher in macroadenomas, invasive tumors, and grade III and IV tumors. DNMT3A was frequently detected in invasive tumors and grade IV tumors. In addition, DNMT1 and DNMT3A were frequently detected in high-methylation tumors. Furthermore, in multivariate logistic regression, the significant association between DNMT1 or DNMT3A and high-methylation status persisted after adjusting for clinicopathological features. Conclusions Our findings suggested that tumor overexpression of DNMT1 and DNMT3A is associated with tumor aggressive behavior and high-methylation status in pituitary adenomas. Our data support a possible role of DNMT1 and DNMT3A in TSG promoter methylation leading to pituitary adenoma invasion and suggest that inhibition of DNMTs has the potential to become a new therapeutic approach for invasive pituitary adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Shi Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland).,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Elaine Lu Wang
- Department of Human Pathology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima City, Tokushima, Japan.,Department of Legal Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Wen-Fei Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, Zhejiangb, China (mainland)
| | - Shozo Yamada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Yoshimoto
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima City, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Zhi Rong Qian
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Long Shi
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Li-Li Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Xu-Hui Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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172
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Wei HY, Feng R, Shao H, Feng B, Liu HQ, Men JL, Zou W. Serum glycine dehydrogenase is associated with increased risk of lung cancer and promotes malignant transformation by regulating DNA methyltransferases expression. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:2293-2299. [PMID: 29956770 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of novel risk factors that are critical to the initiation of lung cancer will be key for its prevention. Recently, it has been reported that glycine dehydrogenase (GLDC) can drive the formation of lung cancer initiating cells. However, there have been no perspective studies on the association between circulating GLDC and lung cancer until now. To identify whether serum GLDC is a risk factor for lung cancer, the present study conducted a nested case‑control study within a Chinese cohort. Using ELISAs, serum GLDC was measured in 300 case subjects, who were subsequently diagnosed with lung cancer during follow‑up, and in 600 matched healthy controls. The results revealed that serum GLDC was associated with increased lung cancer risk [odds ratio=1.48; 95% confidence intervals (1.01‑2.04)]. Spearman correlation was employed to analyze the associations between age, body mass index, years of smoking and the serum concentration of GLDC. It was demonstrated that years of smoking was associated with serum GLDC (spearman's correlation, ρ=0.81) in patients with lung cancer. However, the association was attenuated in the serum of matched controls (ρ=0.48). In addition, overexpression of GLDC protein contributed to malignant transformation and inhibited microRNA (miR)‑29 family expression in normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells. Aberrant methylation of tumor suppressive gene (TSG) is an early event in the development of lung cancer, which is controlled by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). The present study demonstrated that GLDC promoted the expression of DNMT proteins; however, the miR‑29 family inhibited their expression in NHBE cells. Thus, it was concluded that elevated serum GLDC may increase lung cancer risk, and that smoking, GLDC, the miR‑29 family and DNMT signaling pathways may serve an important role in early malignant transformation during the development of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Wei
- The Physical and Chemical Laboratory, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Rui Feng
- Radiotherapy Department, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Hua Shao
- The Physical and Chemical Laboratory, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Bin Feng
- The Physical and Chemical Laboratory, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Qiang Liu
- The Physical and Chemical Laboratory, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Long Men
- The Physical and Chemical Laboratory, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zou
- The Physical and Chemical Laboratory, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
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Sanaei M, Kavoosi F, Roustazadeh A, Golestan F. Effect of Genistein in Comparison with Trichostatin A on Reactivation of DNMTs Genes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2018; 6:141-146. [PMID: 29951358 PMCID: PMC6018304 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2018.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: DNA methylation and histone modification are epigenetic modifications essential for normal function of mammalian cells. The processes are mediated by biochemical interactions between DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and histone deacetylases. Promoter hypermethylation and deacetylation of tumor suppressor genes play major roles in cancer induction, through transcriptional silencing of these genes. DNA hypermethylation is carried out by a family of DNMTs including DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b. In hepatocellular carcinoma, a significant positive correlation between over-expression of these genes and cancer induction has been reported. The DNA demethylating agent genistein (GE) has been demonstrated to reduce different cancers. Previously, we reported that GE can induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma PLC/PRF5 and HepG2 cell lines. Besides, histone deacetylase inhibitors, such as trichostatin A (TSA), were successfully used to inhibit cancer cell growth. The present study was designed to assess the effect of GE in comparison with TSA on DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b gene expression, cell growth inhibition and apoptosis induction in the HepG2 cell line. Methods: Cells were seeded and treated with various doses of GE and TSA. The MTT assay, flow cytometry assay, and real-time RT-PCR were used to determine viability, apoptosis, and DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b gene expression respectively. Results: Both agents inhibited cell growth, induced apoptosis and reactivated DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b gene expression. Furthermore, TSA demonstrated a significantly greater apoptotic effect than the other agent, whereas GE improved gene expression more significantly than TSA. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that GE and TSA can significantly inhibit cell growth, induce apoptosis and restore DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b gene reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumeh Sanaei
- Research Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Fars province, Iran
| | - Fraidoon Kavoosi
- Research Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Fars province, Iran
- *Correspondence to: Fraidoon Kavoosi, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Fars province, 74148-46199, Iran. Tel: +98-9173914117, E-mail:
| | - Abazar Roustazadeh
- Research Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Fars province, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Golestan
- Student Research Committee, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Fars province, Iran
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174
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Dual recognition of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 by a plant histone reader SHL. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2425. [PMID: 29930355 PMCID: PMC6013494 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04836-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of a cell to dynamically switch its chromatin between different functional states constitutes a key mechanism regulating gene expression. Histone mark “readers” display distinct binding specificity to different histone modifications and play critical roles in regulating chromatin states. Here, we show a plant-specific histone reader SHORT LIFE (SHL) capable of recognizing both H3K27me3 and H3K4me3 via its bromo-adjacent homology (BAH) and plant homeodomain (PHD) domains, respectively. Detailed biochemical and structural studies suggest a binding mechanism that is mutually exclusive for either H3K4me3 or H3K27me3. Furthermore, we show a genome-wide co-localization of SHL with H3K27me3 and H3K4me3, and that BAH-H3K27me3 and PHD-H3K4me3 interactions are important for SHL-mediated floral repression. Together, our study establishes BAH-PHD cassette as a dual histone methyl-lysine binding module that is distinct from others in recognizing both active and repressive histone marks. Histone mark reader proteins bind to particular histone modifications and regulate chromatin state. Here, Qian et al. show that the SHORT LIFE reader has a unique ability to recognize both activating and repressive histone marks and that these interactions enable SHORT LIFE to repress flowering in plants.
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175
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A novel epigenetic modulating agent sensitizes pancreatic cells to a chemotherapy agent. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199130. [PMID: 29927979 PMCID: PMC6013229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is expected to be the second leading cause of cancer mortality by 2030. PDAC remains resistant to the majority of systemic chemotherapies. In this paper, we explore if epigenetic sensitization can improve chemotherapy response in PDAC. Multiple PDAC cell lines were tested with serial concentrations of the epigenetic modulators 5-azacitidine (Aza) and guadecitabine (SGI-110). Guadecitabine was effective at inhibiting the expression of DNA Methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and in decreasing cell viability at nanomolar concentrations. We also report that guadecitabine has increased efficacy following a delay period or as we reference, a ‘rest period’. Sensitization with guadecitabine improved response to the chemotherapeutic agent–Irinotecan- as measured by decreased cell viability and accompanied by an increase in caspase activity. Additional studies are needed to understand the mechanism of action.
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Wang LJ, Han X, Li CC, Zhang CY. Single-ribonucleotide repair-mediated ligation-dependent cycling signal amplification for sensitive and specific detection of DNA methyltransferase. Chem Sci 2018; 9:6053-6061. [PMID: 30079218 PMCID: PMC6053742 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc02215a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific and sensitive detection of DNA MTase activity can be achieved by a single-ribonucleotide repair-mediated ligation-dependent cycling signal amplification approach.
DNA methylation is a predominant epigenetic modification that plays crucial roles in various cellular processes. DNA methyltransferase (MTase) is responsible for DNA methylation, and its dysregulation may induce aberrant methylation patterns that are closely related to cancers. Conventional methods for DNA MTase assay are usually cumbersome and laborious with poor sensitivity. Alternatively, some signal amplification strategies are employed to improve the sensitivity, but they suffer from poor specificity and consequently limited sensitivity due to the nonspecific amplification. Herein, we develop for the first time a new fluorescence method to specifically and sensitively detect DNA MTase activity on the basis of single-ribonucleotide repair-mediated ligation-dependent cycling signal amplification. In the presence of DNA MTase, the hairpin substrate is methylated and cleaved by endonuclease Dpn I, releasing a 24-nt cleavage product. The 24-nt cleavage product may function as a primer and adjacently hybridize with the ligation probes (LP1 and LP2) to form the template (LP1–LP2) for strand displacement amplification (SDA), initiating the single-ribonucleotide repair-mediated cyclic ligation-dependent SDA to produce a large number of reporter probes. The reporter probe can subsequently hybridize with the signal probe that is modified with FAM and BHQ1 to form a stable double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) duplex with a ribonucleotide mismatch. Ribonuclease HII (RNase HII) can excise the single ribonucleotide, resulting in the cyclic cleavage of signal probes and the generation of an enhanced fluorescence signal. Taking advantage of the high specificity of RNase HII-catalyzed single-ribonucleotide excision and the high amplification efficiency of cyclic ligation-dependent SDA, this assay exhibits the highest sensitivity reported so far with a detection limit of 4.8 × 10–6 U mL–1 and a large dynamic range of 5 orders of magnitude. Moreover, this method can be used for the discrimination of Dam MTase from other DNA MTases, the accurate quantification of Dam MTase activity in E. coli cells, and the screening of Dam MTase inhibitors, providing a new paradigm for biomedical research and clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Wang
- College of Chemistry , Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong , Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes , Ministry of Education , Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 531 86186033
| | - Xiao Han
- College of Chemistry , Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong , Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes , Ministry of Education , Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 531 86186033
| | - Chen-Chen Li
- College of Chemistry , Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong , Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes , Ministry of Education , Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 531 86186033
| | - Chun-Yang Zhang
- College of Chemistry , Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong , Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes , Ministry of Education , Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 531 86186033
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177
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Syn G, Blackwell JM, Jamieson SE, Francis RW. An in silico pipeline to filter the Toxoplasma gondii proteome for proteins that could traffic to the host cell nucleus and influence host cell epigenetic regulation. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2018; 113:e170471. [PMID: 29846382 PMCID: PMC5963570 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760170471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii uses epigenetic mechanisms to regulate both endogenous and host cell gene expression. To identify genes with putative epigenetic functions, we developed an in silico pipeline to interrogate the T. gondii proteome of 8313 proteins. Step 1 employs PredictNLS and NucPred to identify genes predicted to target eukaryotic nuclei. Step 2 uses GOLink to identify proteins of epigenetic function based on Gene Ontology terms. This resulted in 611 putative nuclear localised proteins with predicted epigenetic functions. Step 3 filtered for secretory proteins using SignalP, SecretomeP, and experimental data. This identified 57 of the 611 putative epigenetic proteins as likely to be secreted. The pipeline is freely available online, uses open access tools and software with user-friendly Perl scripts to automate and manage the results, and is readily adaptable to undertake any such in silico search for genes contributing to particular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Syn
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jenefer M Blackwell
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sarra E Jamieson
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Richard W Francis
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
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178
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Pan XY, Yang Y, Meng HW, Li HD, Chen X, Huang HM, Bu FT, Yu HX, Wang Q, Huang C, Meng XM, Li J. DNA Methylation of PTGIS Enhances Hepatic Stellate Cells Activation and Liver Fibrogenesis. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:553. [PMID: 29892223 PMCID: PMC5985735 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is a central event in the progression of liver fibrosis. Multiple studies proved that DNA methylation might accelerate HSCs activation. However, the specific pathogenesis of liver fibrosis remains not fully addressed. Our laboratory performed Genome methylation screening to find out the methylated gene in mice with liver fibrosis. The pilot experiments showed that the promoter of prostacyclin synthase (PTGIS) gene was hypermethylated in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis mouse model. Moreover, the down-regulated PTGIS expression can be restored by DNMTs-RNAi and 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine (5-azadC), an inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase (DNMTs). Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) showed that the methylation status of PTGIS in HSC-T6 cells cultures with TGF-β1 (10 ng/mL) was elevated compared with control group. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay indicated that PTGIS methylation was mainly induced by DNMT1 and DNMT3b. We further investigated the function of PTGIS in liver fibrosis by Recombinant Hepatic-adeno-associated virus (rAAV8)-PTGIS overexpression. The data indicated that overexpression of PTGIS in mouse liver accompanied by elevated apoptosis-related proteins expression in primary HSCs. Conversely, PTGIS silencing mediated by RNAi enhanced the expression of α-SMA and COL1a1 in vitro. Those results illustrated that adding PTGIS expression inhibits the activation of HSCs and alleviates liver fibrosis. Therefore, our study unveils the role of PTGIS in HSCs activation, which may provide a possible explanation for CCl4-mediated liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yin Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hong-Wu Meng
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hai-di Li
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xin Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hui-Min Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fang-Tian Bu
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hai-Xia Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Meng
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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179
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Iżykowska K, Przybylski GK, Gand C, Braun FC, Grabarczyk P, Kuss AW, Olek-Hrab K, Bastidas Torres AN, Vermeer MH, Zoutman WH, Tensen CP, Schmidt CA. Genetic rearrangements result in altered gene expression and novel fusion transcripts in Sézary syndrome. Oncotarget 2018; 8:39627-39639. [PMID: 28489605 PMCID: PMC5503638 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sézary syndrome (SS) is an aggressive, leukemic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma variant. Molecular pathogenesis of SS is still unclear despite many studies on genetic alterations, gene expression and epigenetic regulations. Through whole genome and transcriptome next generation sequencing nine Sézary syndrome patients were analyzed in terms of copy number variations and rearrangements affecting gene expression. Recurrent copy number variations were detected within 8q (MYC, TOX), 17p (TP53, NCOR1), 10q (PTEN, FAS), 2p (DNMT3A), 11q (USP28), 9p (CAAP1), but no recurrent rearrangements were identified. However, expression of five genes involved in rearrangements (TMEM244, EHD1, MTMR2, RNF123 and TOX) was altered in all patients. Fifteen rearrangements detected in Sézary syndrome patients and SeAx resulted in an expression of new fusion transcripts, nine of them were in frame (EHD1-CAPN12, TMEM66-BAIAP2, MBD4-PTPRC, PTPRC-CPN2, MYB-MBNL1, TFG-GPR128, MAP4K3-FIGLA, DCP1A-CCL27, MBNL1-KIAA2018) and five resulted in ectopic expression of fragments of genes not expressed in normal T-cells (BAIAP2, CPN2, GPR128, CAPN12, FIGLA). Our results not only underscored the genomic complexity of the Sézary cancer cell genome but also showed an unpreceded large variety of novel gene rearrangements resulting in fusions transcripts and ectopically expressed genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claudia Gand
- Clinic for Internal Medicine C, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Floriane C Braun
- Clinic for Internal Medicine C, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Piotr Grabarczyk
- Clinic for Internal Medicine C, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andreas W Kuss
- Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Karolina Olek-Hrab
- Department of Dermatology, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Maarten H Vermeer
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Willem H Zoutman
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis P Tensen
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christian A Schmidt
- Clinic for Internal Medicine C, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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180
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Misawa K, Imai A, Mochizuki D, Mima M, Endo S, Misawa Y, Kanazawa T, Mineta H. Association of TET3 epigenetic inactivation with head and neck cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:24480-24493. [PMID: 29849955 PMCID: PMC5966249 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to clarify the epigenetic regulation of ten eleven translocation protein (TET) family genes, which can provide insights into the mechanisms of tumorigenesis and the risk of disease recurrence in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We generated methylation profiles of TET1, TET2 and TET3 genes in tumor samples obtained from 233 patients with HNSCC; these included 57 hypopharynx, 44 larynx, 69 oral cavity, and 63 oropharynx tumor samples. The mRNA expression and promoter DNA methylation of TET family genes were examined via quantitative RT-PCR and methylation-specific PCR, respectively. Promoter methylation was compared with various clinical characteristics and the TET methylation index (TE-MI). The TE-MI, representing the number of methylation events in TET family genes, was positively correlated with alcohol consumption (P = 0.004), high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) status (P = 0.004) and disease recurrence (P = 0.002). The simultaneous methylation analysis of TET family genes was correlated with reduced disease-free survival in unfavorable event groups (log-rank test, P = 0.026). In the multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis, TET3 methylation in T1 and T2 tumor stages, oropharyngeal cancer, and oral cancer patients exhibited high association with poor survival (hazard ratio: 2.64, P = 0.014; 3.55, P = 0.048; 2.63, P = 0.028, respectively). A joint analysis of the tumor suppressor gene methylation index showed a significant trend toward a higher TE-MI. The methylation status of TET3 was independently associated with aggressive tumor behavior and a global effect on DNA methylation status in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Misawa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Imai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Daiki Mochizuki
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masato Mima
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shiori Endo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Misawa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takeharu Kanazawa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mineta
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
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181
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Abdulkhaleq LA, Assi MA, Abdullah R, Zamri-Saad M, Taufiq-Yap YH, Hezmee MNM. The crucial roles of inflammatory mediators in inflammation: A review. Vet World 2018; 11:627-635. [PMID: 29915501 PMCID: PMC5993766 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.627-635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory response is a crucial aspect of the tissues' responses to deleterious inflammogens. This complex response involves leukocytes cells such as macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes, also known as inflammatory cells. In response to the inflammatory process, these cells release specialized substances which include vasoactive amines and peptides, eicosanoids, proinflammatory cytokines, and acute-phase proteins, which mediate the inflammatory process by preventing further tissue damage and ultimately resulting in healing and restoration of tissue function. This review discusses the role of the inflammatory cells as well as their by-products in the mediation of inflammatory process. A brief insight into the role of natural anti-inflammatory agents is also discussed. The significance of this study is to explore further and understand the potential mechanism of inflammatory processes to take full advantage of vast and advanced anti-inflammatory therapies. This review aimed to reemphasize the importance on the knowledge of inflammatory processes with the addition of newest and current issues pertaining to this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. A. Abdulkhaleq
- Department of Pathology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - M. A. Assi
- Department of Community Health, College of Health and Medical Techniques, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Iraq
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Rasedee Abdullah
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - M. Zamri-Saad
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Y. H. Taufiq-Yap
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sains, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - M. N. M. Hezmee
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
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182
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Wang B, Du R, Xiao X, Deng ZL, Jian D, Xie HF, Li J. Microrna-217 modulates human skin fibroblast senescence by directly targeting DNA methyltransferase 1. Oncotarget 2018; 8:33475-33486. [PMID: 28380423 PMCID: PMC5464883 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) is a major epigenetic regulator associated with many biological processes. However, the roles and mechanisms of DNMT1 in skin aging are incompletely understood. Here we explored the role of DNMT1 in human skin fibroblasts senescence and its related regulatory mechanisms. DNMT1 expression decreased in passage-aged fibroblasts and DNMT1 silencing in young fibroblasts induced the senescence phenotype. MiR-217 is predicted to target DNMT1 mRNA and miR-217 expression increased in passage-aged fibroblasts. MiR-217 directly targeted the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of DNMT1 in HEK 293T cells and inhibited DNMT1 expression in fibroblasts. MiR-217 overexpression induced a senescence phenotype in young fibroblasts, and miR-217 downregulation in old HSFs partially reversed the senescence phenotype. However, these effects could be significantly rescued by regulating DNMT1 expression in fibroblasts. After regulating miR-217 levels, we analyzed changes in the promoter methylation levels of 24 senescent-associated genes, finding that 6 genes were significantly altered, and verified p16 and phosphorylated retinoblastoma (pRb) protein levels. Finally, an inverse correlation between DNMT1 and miR-217 expression was observed in skin tissues and different-aged fibroblasts. Together, these findings revealed that miR-217 promotes fibroblasts senescence by suppressing DNMT1-mediated methylation of p16 and pRb by targeting the DNMT1 3′-UTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rui Du
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi-Li Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Jian
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong-Fu Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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183
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Almeida LO, Neto MPC, Sousa LO, Tannous MA, Curti C, Leopoldino AM. SET oncoprotein accumulation regulates transcription through DNA demethylation and histone hypoacetylation. Oncotarget 2018; 8:26802-26818. [PMID: 28460463 PMCID: PMC5432298 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are essential in the control of normal cellular processes and cancer development. DNA methylation and histone acetylation are major epigenetic modifications involved in gene transcription and abnormal events driving the oncogenic process. SET protein accumulates in many cancer types, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); SET is a member of the INHAT complex that inhibits gene transcription associating with histones and preventing their acetylation. We explored how SET protein accumulation impacts on the regulation of gene expression, focusing on DNA methylation and histone acetylation. DNA methylation profile of 24 tumour suppressors evidenced that SET accumulation decreased DNA methylation in association with loss of 5-methylcytidine, formation of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and increased TET1 levels, indicating an active DNA demethylation mechanism. However, the expression of some suppressor genes was lowered in cells with high SET levels, suggesting that loss of methylation is not the main mechanism modulating gene expression. SET accumulation also downregulated the expression of 32 genes of a panel of 84 transcription factors, and SET directly interacted with chromatin at the promoter of the downregulated genes, decreasing histone acetylation. Gene expression analysis after cell treatment with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-AZA) and Trichostatin A (TSA) revealed that histone acetylation reversed transcription repression promoted by SET. These results suggest a new function for SET in the regulation of chromatin dynamics. In addition, TSA diminished both SET protein levels and SET capability to bind to gene promoter, suggesting that administration of epigenetic modifier agents could be efficient to reverse SET phenotype in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana O Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marinaldo P C Neto
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas O Sousa
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maryna A Tannous
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Curti
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Andreia M Leopoldino
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,CEPID-FAPESP, Center for Cell Based Therapy, Hemotherapy Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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184
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Beyond Brooding on Oncometabolic Havoc in IDH-Mutant Gliomas and AML: Current and Future Therapeutic Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10020049. [PMID: 29439493 PMCID: PMC5836081 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10020049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenases 1 and 2 (IDH1,2), the key Krebs cycle enzymes that generate NADPH reducing equivalents, undergo heterozygous mutations in >70% of low- to mid-grade gliomas and ~20% of acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs) and gain an unusual new activity of reducing the α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) to D-2 hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG) in a NADPH-consuming reaction. The oncometabolite D-2HG, which accumulates >35 mM, is widely accepted to drive a progressive oncogenesis besides exacerbating the already increased oxidative stress in these cancers. More importantly, D-2HG competes with α-KG and inhibits a large number of α-KG-dependent dioxygenases such as TET (Ten-eleven translocation), JmjC domain-containing KDMs (histone lysine demethylases), and the ALKBH DNA repair proteins that ultimately lead to hypermethylation of the CpG islands in the genome. The resulting CpG Island Methylator Phenotype (CIMP) accounts for major gene expression changes including the silencing of the MGMT (O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase) repair protein in gliomas. Glioma patients with IDH1 mutations also show better therapeutic responses and longer survival, the reasons for which are yet unclear. There has been a great surge in drug discovery for curtailing the mutant IDH activities, and arresting tumor proliferation; however, given the unique and chronic metabolic effects of D-2HG, the promise of these compounds for glioma treatment is uncertain. This comprehensive review discusses the biology, current drug design and opportunities for improved therapies through exploitable synthetic lethality pathways, and an intriguing oncometabolite-inspired strategy for primary glioblastoma.
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185
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Chen HL, Li ZM, Liu JF, Han B, Wu ZX, Mao YQ, Sun KY, Wang LS. Polymorphism of the DNA methyltransferase 1 gene is associated with the susceptibility to essential hypertension in male. Clin Exp Hypertens 2018; 40:695-701. [PMID: 29400588 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2018.1425420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Essential hypertension is a leading global public health issue, billions of people suffered from it every year. Recently, multiple evidence suggests that DNA methylation play an important role in regulating blood pressure. Here, we tested the risk for essential hypertension conferred by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1). Three loci (rs2228611, rs2228612, and rs16999593) were selected to be analyzed in 3410 cases and 1307 normal controls in southern Chinese aged 60 or above. No significant association with essential hypertension was observed for rs2228612 and rs16999593. A higher risk of essential hypertension was found in the minor A allele of rs2228611 in the codominant and recessive model (P < 0.05). After stratified by sex, this association was found in male but not female. Furthermore, this difference was abolished after BMI adjustment in the whole population and reduced in male. In addition, the mutation rate of rs2228611 was higher in the obesity group compared with the normal weight group of male. Intriguingly, rs2228611 was also a risk factor of essential hypertension in normal weight male. These findings indicated that rs2228611 might contribute to male hypertension via BMI-dependent mechanisms in obesity male and BMI-independent mechanisms in normal weight male.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ling Chen
- a Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R.China
| | - Zhan-Ming Li
- a Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R.China
| | - Jin-Feng Liu
- a Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R.China
| | - Bing Han
- a Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R.China
| | - Zhao-Xia Wu
- a Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R.China
| | - Yu-Qin Mao
- a Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R.China
| | - Ke-Yu Sun
- b Emergency Department, Minhang Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R. China
| | - Li-Shun Wang
- a Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R.China
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186
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Wang LH, Huang J, Wu CR, Huang LY, Cui J, Xing ZZ, Zhao CY. Downregulation of miR‑29b targets DNMT3b to suppress cellular apoptosis and enhance proliferation in pancreatic cancer. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:2113-2120. [PMID: 29207141 PMCID: PMC5783451 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the most aggressive types of tumor, pancreatic cancer is a principal cause of tumor‑associated mortality. Negative associations between microRNA‑29 (miR‑29) and DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) 3a and 3b have been demonstrated to be associated with the carcinogenesis of a number of types of cancer; however, this has not been completely elucidated in pancreatic cancer. In the present study, pancreatic cancer tissues (n=15) and corresponding paracancerous tissues (n=15) were obtained and the results of reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated decreased expression of miR‑29b and enhanced mRNA expression of DNMT3b in pancreatic cancer tissues, compared with the corresponding paracancerous tissues. Increased protein expression of DNMT3b was demonstrated by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. In addition, the negative association between miR‑29b and DNMT3b was noted in pancreatic cancer tissues, and luciferase reporter assays confirmed that miR‑29b was able to directly target DNMT3b in vitro. Notably, miR‑29b overexpression was able to decrease cell viability and to promote the apoptosis by targeting DNMT3b, and the knockdown of DNMT3b exhibited consistent results in vitro and in vivo. The results of the present study suggested that miR‑29b, as a tumor suppressor, may be a novel target for the development of treatments for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Ju Huang
- Department of Queen Mary University, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330038, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Rong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Liu-Ye Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Zhi Xing
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Yu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
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187
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Banco MT, Mishra V, Greeley SC, Ronning DR. Direct Detection of Products from S-Adenosylmethionine-Dependent Enzymes Using a Competitive Fluorescence Polarization Assay. Anal Chem 2018; 90:1740-1747. [PMID: 29275620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
S-Adenosylmethionine (AdoMet)-dependent methyltransferases (MTases) are an essential superfamily of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of a methyl group to several biomolecules. Alterations in the methylation of cellular components crucially impact vital biological processes, making MTases attractive drug targets for treating infectious diseases and diseases caused by overactive human-encoded MTases. Several methods have been developed for monitoring the activity of MTases, but most MTase assays have inherent limitations or are not amenable for high-throughput screening. We describe a universal, competitive fluorescence polarization (FP) assay that directly measures the production of S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) from MTases. Our developed assay monitors the generation of AdoHcy by displacing a fluorescently labeled AdoHcy molecule complexed to a catalytically inert 5'-methylthioadenosine nucleosidase (MTAN-D198N) variant performed in a mix-and-read format. Producing the fluorescently labeled molecule involves a one-pot synthesis by combining AdoHcy with an amine-reactive rhodamine derivative, which possesses a Kd value of 11.3 ± 0.7 nM to MTAN-D198N. The developed competitive FP assay expresses a limit of detection for AdoHcy of 6 nM and exhibits a 34-fold preference to AdoHcy in comparison to AdoMet. We demonstrate the utility of the developed assay by performing a pilot screen with the NIH Clinical Collection as well as determining the kinetic parameters of l-histidine methylation for EgtD from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Additionally, the developed assay is applicable to other AdoMet-dependent and ATP-dependent enzymes by detecting various adenosine-containing molecules including 5'-methylthioadenosine, AMP, and ADP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Banco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Vidhi Mishra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Samantha C Greeley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Donald R Ronning
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
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188
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Yuan Z, Sánchez Claros C, Suzuki M, Maggi EC, Kaner JD, Kinstlinger N, Gorecka J, Quinn TJ, Geha R, Corn A, Pastoriza J, Jing Q, Adem A, Wu H, Alemu G, Du YC, Zheng D, Greally JM, Libutti SK. Loss of MEN1 activates DNMT1 implicating DNA hypermethylation as a driver of MEN1 tumorigenesis. Oncotarget 2017; 7:12633-50. [PMID: 26871472 PMCID: PMC4914310 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome results from mutations in the MEN1 gene and causes tumor formation via largely unknown mechanisms. Using a novel genome-wide methylation analysis, we studied tissues from MEN1-parathyroid tumors, Men1 knockout (KO) mice, and Men1 null mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cell lines. We demonstrated that inactivation of menin (the protein product of MEN1) increases activity of DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) by activating retinoblastoma-binding protein 5 (Rbbp5). The increased activity of DNMT1 mediates global DNA hypermethylation, which results in aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway through inactivation of Sox regulatory genes. Our study provides important insights into the role of menin in DNA methylation and its impact on the pathogenesis of MEN1 tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Yuan
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | | | - Masako Suzuki
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Elaine C Maggi
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Justin D Kaner
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Noah Kinstlinger
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Jolanta Gorecka
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Thomas J Quinn
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Rula Geha
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Amanda Corn
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Jessica Pastoriza
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Qiang Jing
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Asha Adem
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Girum Alemu
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Yi-Chieh Du
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.,Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - John M Greally
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.,Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Steven K Libutti
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.,Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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189
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Song MA, Brasky TM, Weng DY, McElroy JP, Marian C, Higgins MJ, Ambrosone C, Spear SL, Llanos AA, Kallakury BVS, Freudenheim JL, Shields PG. Landscape of genome-wide age-related DNA methylation in breast tissue. Oncotarget 2017; 8:114648-114662. [PMID: 29383109 PMCID: PMC5777721 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite known age-related DNA methylation (aDNAm) changes in breast tumors, little is known about aDNAm in normal breast tissues. Breast tissues from a cross-sectional study of 121 cancer-free women, were assayed for genome-wide DNA methylation. mRNA expression was assayed by microarray technology. Analysis of covariance was used to identify aDNAm’s. Altered methylation was correlated with expression of the corresponding gene and with DNA methyltransferase protein DNMT3A, assayed by immunohistochemistry. Publically-available TCGA-BRCA data were used for replication. 1,214 aDNAm’s were identified; 97% with increased methylation, and all on autosomes. Sites with increased methylation were predominantly in CpG lslands and non-enhancers. aDNAm’s with decreased methylation were generally located in intergenic regions, non-CpG Islands, and enhancers. Of the aDNAm’s identified, 650 are known to be involved in cancer, including ESR1 and beta-estradiol responsive genes. Expression of DNMT3A was positively associated with age. Two aDNAm’s showed borderline significant associations with DNMT3A expression; KRR1 (OR 6.57, 95% CI: 2.51–17.23) and DHRS12 (OR 6.08, 95% CI: 2.33–15.86). A subset of aDNAm’s co-localized within vulnerable regions for somatic mutations in cancers including breast cancer. Expression of C19orf48 was inversely and significantly correlated with its methylation level. In the TCGA dataset, 84% and 64% of the previously identified aDNAm’s were correlated with age in both normal-adjacent and tumor breast tissues, with differential associations by histological subtype. Given the similarity of findings in the breast tissues of healthy women and breast tumors, aDNAm’s may be one pathway for increased breast cancer risk with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ae Song
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University and James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Theodore M Brasky
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University and James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Daniel Y Weng
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University and James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Joseph P McElroy
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University and James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,Center for Biostatistics and Department of Bioinformatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Catalin Marian
- Biochemistry and Pharmacology Department, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Michael J Higgins
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Christine Ambrosone
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Scott L Spear
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Adana A Llanos
- Department of Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health and Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | - Jo L Freudenheim
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Peter G Shields
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University and James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
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190
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Boehm D, Ott M. Host Methyltransferases and Demethylases: Potential New Epigenetic Targets for HIV Cure Strategies and Beyond. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2017; 33:S8-S22. [PMID: 29140109 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2017.0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A successful HIV cure strategy may require reversing HIV latency to purge hidden viral reservoirs or enhancing HIV latency to permanently silence HIV transcription. Epigenetic modifying agents show promise as antilatency therapeutics in vitro and ex vivo, but also affect other steps in the viral life cycle. In this review, we summarize what we know about cellular DNA and protein methyltransferases (PMTs) as well as demethylases involved in HIV infection. We describe the biology and function of DNA methyltransferases, and their controversial role in HIV infection. We further explain the biology of PMTs and their effects on lysine and arginine methylation of histone and nonhistone proteins. We end with a focus on protein demethylases, their unique modes of action and their emerging influence on HIV infection. An outlook on the use of methylation-modifying agents in investigational HIV cure strategies is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Boehm
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Melanie Ott
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
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191
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Fernandes GFS, Silva GDB, Pavan AR, Chiba DE, Chin CM, Dos Santos JL. Epigenetic Regulatory Mechanisms Induced by Resveratrol. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9111201. [PMID: 29104258 PMCID: PMC5707673 DOI: 10.3390/nu9111201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (RVT) is one of the main natural compounds studied worldwide due to its potential therapeutic use in the treatment of many diseases, including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorders. Nevertheless, the mechanism of action of RVT in all of these conditions is not completely understood, as it can modify not only biochemical pathways but also epigenetic mechanisms. In this paper, we analyze the biological activities exhibited by RVT with a focus on the epigenetic mechanisms, especially those related to DNA methyltransferase (DNMT), histone deacetylase (HDAC) and lysine-specific demethylase-1 (LSD1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Felipe Santos Fernandes
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800903 Araraquara, Brazil.
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800060 Araraquara, Brazil.
| | | | - Aline Renata Pavan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800903 Araraquara, Brazil.
| | - Diego Eidy Chiba
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800903 Araraquara, Brazil.
| | - Chung Man Chin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800903 Araraquara, Brazil.
| | - Jean Leandro Dos Santos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800903 Araraquara, Brazil.
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192
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Loo SK, Ch'ng ES, Lawrie CH, Muruzabal MA, Gaafar A, Pomposo MP, Husin A, Md Salleh MS, Banham AH, Pedersen LM, Møller MB, Green TM, Wong KK. DNMT1 is predictive of survival and associated with Ki-67 expression in R-CHOP-treated diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Pathology 2017; 49:731-739. [PMID: 29074044 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
DNMT1 is a target of approved anti-cancer drugs including decitabine. However, the prognostic value of DNMT1 protein expression in R-CHOP-treated diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) remains unexplored. Here we showed that DNMT1 was expressed in the majority of DLBCL cases (n = 209/230, 90.9%) with higher expression in germinal centre B-cell-like (GCB)-DLBCL subtype. Low and negative DNMT1 expression (20% cut-off, n = 33/230, 14.3%) was predictive of worse overall survival (OS; p < 0.001) and progression-free survival (PFS; p < 0.001). Nonetheless, of the 209 DNMT1 positive patients, 33% and 42% did not achieve 5-year OS and PFS, respectively, indicating that DNMT1 positive patients showed considerably heterogeneous outcomes. Moreover, DNMT1 was frequently expressed in mitotic cells and significantly correlated with Ki-67 or BCL6 expression (r = 0.60 or 0.44, respectively; p < 0.001). We demonstrate that DNMT1 is predictive of DLBCL patients' survival, and suggest that DNMT1 could be a DLBCL therapeutic target due to its significant association with Ki-67.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suet Kee Loo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ewe Seng Ch'ng
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Charles H Lawrie
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; Oncology Department, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Ayman Gaafar
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo, Spain
| | | | - Azlan Husin
- Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Md Salzihan Md Salleh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Alison H Banham
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lars M Pedersen
- Department of Haematology, Herlev University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael B Møller
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tina M Green
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kah Keng Wong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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193
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Targeting the cancer epigenome: synergistic therapy with bromodomain inhibitors. Drug Discov Today 2017; 23:76-89. [PMID: 28943305 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic and genomic alterations regulate the transcriptional landscape of cells during cancer onset and progression. Recent clinical studies targeting the epigenetic 'readers' (bromodomains) for cancer therapy have established the effectiveness of bromodomain (BRD) and extraterminal (BET) inhibitors in treating several types of cancer. In this review, we discuss key mechanisms of BET inhibition and synergistic combinations of BET inhibitors with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), histone methyltransferase inhibitors (HMTi), DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTi), kinase, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and proteosome inhibitors, and immunomodulatory drugs for cancer therapy. We also highlight the potential of such combinations to overcome drug resistance, and the evolving approaches to developing novel BET inhibitors.
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194
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Hassanzadeh M, Kasymov R, Mahernia S, Adib M, Emperle M, Dukatz M, Bashtrykov P, Jeltsch A, Amanlou M. Discovery of Novel and Selective DNA Methyltransferase 1 Inhibitors by Pharmacophore and Docking-Based Virtual Screening. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Hassanzadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design and Development Research Center; Faculty of Pharmacy; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; 16 Azar Ave. Tehran Iran
| | - Rustem Kasymov
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry; University Stuttgart; Allmandring 31 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Shabnam Mahernia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design and Development Research Center; Faculty of Pharmacy; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; 16 Azar Ave. Tehran Iran
| | - Mehdi Adib
- School of Chemistry; College of Science; University of Tehran; Tehran Iran
| | - Max Emperle
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry; University Stuttgart; Allmandring 31 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Michael Dukatz
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry; University Stuttgart; Allmandring 31 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Pavel Bashtrykov
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry; University Stuttgart; Allmandring 31 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Albert Jeltsch
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry; University Stuttgart; Allmandring 31 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Massoud Amanlou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design and Development Research Center; Faculty of Pharmacy; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; 16 Azar Ave. Tehran Iran
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195
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Nowacka-Zawisza M, Wiśnik E. DNA methylation and histone modifications as epigenetic regulation in prostate cancer (Review). Oncol Rep 2017; 38:2587-2596. [PMID: 29048620 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in men in Poland after lung cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality after lung and colon cancer. The etiology of most cases of prostate cancer are not fully known, and therefore it is essential to search for the molecular basis of prostate cancer and markers for the early diagnosis of this type of cancer. Epigenetics deals with changes in gene expression that are not determined by changes in the DNA sequence. Epigenetic changes refer to changes in the structure of DNA, which are the result of DNA modification after replication and/or post-translational modification of proteins associated with DNA. In contrast to mutations, epigenetic changes are reversible and occur very rapidly. The major epigenetic mechanisms include DNA methylation, modification of histone proteins, chemical modification and chromatin remodeling changes in gene expression caused by microRNAs (miRNAs). Epigenetic changes play an important role in malignant transformation and can be specific to types of cancers including prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nowacka-Zawisza
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Wiśnik
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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196
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Seki Y, Suzuki M, Guo X, Glenn AS, Vuguin PM, Fiallo A, Du Q, Ko YA, Yu Y, Susztak K, Zheng D, Greally JM, Katz EB, Charron MJ. In Utero Exposure to a High-Fat Diet Programs Hepatic Hypermethylation and Gene Dysregulation and Development of Metabolic Syndrome in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2017; 158:2860-2872. [PMID: 28911167 PMCID: PMC5659663 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to a high-fat (HF) diet in utero is associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome later in life. However, the molecular basis of this enhanced susceptibility for metabolic disease is poorly understood. Gene expression microarray and genome-wide DNA methylation analyses of mouse liver revealed that exposure to a maternal HF milieu activated genes of immune response, inflammation, and hepatic dysfunction. DNA methylation analysis revealed 3360 differentially methylated loci, most of which (76%) were hypermethylated and distributed preferentially to hotspots on chromosomes 4 [atherosclerosis susceptibility quantitative trait loci (QTLs) 1] and 18 (insulin-dependent susceptibility QTLs 21). Interestingly, we found six differentially methylated genes within these hotspot QTLs associated with metabolic disease that maintain altered gene expression into adulthood (Arhgef19, Epha2, Zbtb17/Miz-1, Camta1 downregulated; and Ccdc11 and Txnl4a upregulated). Most of the hypermethylated genes in these hotspots are associated with cardiovascular system development and function. There were 140 differentially methylated genes that showed a 1.5-fold increase or decrease in messenger RNA levels. Many of these genes play a role in cell signaling pathways associated with metabolic disease. Of these, metalloproteinase 9, whose dysregulation plays a key role in diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease, was upregulated 1.75-fold and hypermethylated in the gene body. In summary, exposure to a maternal HF diet causes DNA hypermethylation, which is associated with long-term gene expression changes in the liver of exposed offspring, potentially contributing to programmed development of metabolic disease later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Seki
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Masako Suzuki
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Xingyi Guo
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Alan Scott Glenn
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Patricia M. Vuguin
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Ariana Fiallo
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Quan Du
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Yi-An Ko
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Yiting Yu
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - John M. Greally
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Ellen B. Katz
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Maureen J. Charron
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women’s Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
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197
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Xavier NM, Gonçalves-Pereira R, Jorda R, Řezníčková E, Kryštof V, Oliveira MC. Synthesis and antiproliferative evaluation of novel azido nucleosides and their phosphoramidate derivatives. PURE APPL CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2016-1218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:New xylofuranosyl and glucopyranosyl nucleoside phosphoramidates were synthesized as potential mimetics of nucleoside 5′-monophosphates. Their access involved N-glycosylation of uracil and 2-acetamido-6-chloropurine with 5′/6′-azido-1,2-di-O-acetyl glycosyl donors and subsequent Staudinger-phosphite reaction of the resulting azido nucleosides. The coupling of the purine derivative with the pyranosyl donor furnished N9- and N7-linked nucleosides in 1:1 ratio, whereas with the furanosyl donor, the N9-nucleoside was the major regioisomer formed. When using uracil, only 5′/6′-azido N1-linked nucleosides were obtained. The purine 5′/6′-azido nucleosides were converted into corresponding phosphoramidates in good yields. The antiproliferative effects of the nucleoside phosphoramidates and those of the azido counterparts on cancer cells were evaluated. While the nucleoside phosphoramidates did not show significant activities, the purine 5′/6′-azido nucleosides displayed potent effects against K562, MCF-7 and BT474 cell lines. The 5′-azidofuranosyl N9 and N7-linked purine nucleosides exhibited highest activity towards the chronic myeloid leukemia cell line (K562) with GI50 values of 13.6 and 9.7 μM, respectively. Among pyranosyl nucleosides, the N7-linked nucleoside was the most active compound with efficacy towards all cell lines assayed and a highest effect on K562 cells (GI50=6.8 μM). Cell cycle analysis of K562 and MCF-7 cells showed that the most active compounds cause G2/M arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno M. Xavier
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, 2/5º Piso, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rita Gonçalves-Pereira
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, 2/5º Piso, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Radek Jorda
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Řezníčková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Kryštof
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M. Conceição Oliveira
- Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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198
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Thakur S, Brenner C. KRAS-driven miR-29b expression is required for tumor suppressor gene silencing. Oncotarget 2017; 8:74755-74766. [PMID: 29088821 PMCID: PMC5650376 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
KRAS activation drives DNA methylation and silencing of specific tumor suppressor genes (TSGs). We previously showed that the ERK pathway induces transcriptional repression of TET1, which results in conversion of TSG promoters from a hydroxymethylated, active state to a hypermethylated and silenced state. Here we identified miR-29b as a KRAS-induced molecule that represses TET1 expression. In KRAS-transformed cells, ectopic miR-29b inhibition restores expression of TET1, thereby reactivating TSGs by reducing methylation and restoring hydroxymethylation. Mining gene expression data of lung cancer cell lines identified additional TSGs suppressed by KRAS signaling whose expression was restored by inhibition of miR-29b and re-expression of TET1. Because KRAS changes TSG promoters from hydroxymethylated to hypermethylated with miR-29b-dependent silencing of TET1, we demonstrate a model in which DNMT1 is present on target promoters prior to KRAS transformation. In addition, we propose miR-29b as a potential circulating biomarker and target for rational treatment of specific malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Thakur
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Charles Brenner
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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199
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Sun J, Tian X, Zhang J, Huang Y, Lin X, Chen L, Zhang S. Regulation of human glioma cell apoptosis and invasion by miR-152-3p through targeting DNMT1 and regulating NF2 : MiR-152-3p regulate glioma cell apoptosis and invasion. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:100. [PMID: 28764788 PMCID: PMC5539621 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0567-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background MiRNAs are involved in aberrant DNA methylation through regulation of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) in the pathogenesis and progression of glioblastomas (GBM). MiR-152-3p was down-expressed in human malignancies, and served as a tumor suppressor. Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) was significantly decreased in GBM tissues with a high level of methylation. However, the link between miR-152-3p, DNMT1 and methylation of NF2 in GBM is not clearly established. This study was conducted to detect the mechanism between miR-152-3p, DNMT1 and NF2 in GBM. Methods The levels of DNMT1 and NF2 expression were studied by qRT-PCR, Western blot, immunofluorescence, and immumohistochemical staining. Methylation in the promoter region of NF2 was detected by methylation-specific PCR and bisulfate genomic sequencing PCR. Cell proliferation was examined by Cell-Counting Kit-8 and 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine assay, and cell invasion was evaluated by transwell assay. Flow cytomery and Hoechst staining were used to analyze cell apoptosis. A dual luciferase system was used to confirm the relationship between miR-152-3p and DNMT1. Results Methylation of NF2 and DNMT1 was markedly increased, and miR-152-3p was downregulated in GBM tissues and glioma cells. Both knockdown of DNMT1 and overexpression miR-152-3p showed that demethylation activated the expression of NF2. Furthermore, miR-152-3p directly targeted DNMT1. Both miR-152-3p overexpression and DNMT1 knockdown significantly induced cell apoptosis and inhibited invasive activity. This was also observed after NF2 overexpression. Conclusions These results indicated that miR-152-3p can inhibit glioma cell proliferation and invasion activities by decreasing DNMT1. The restoration of miR-152-3p may have therapeutic application in the treatment of GBM. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-017-0567-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital Southern Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361004, China
| | - Xinhua Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361004, China
| | - Junqing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361004, China
| | - Yanlin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361004, China
| | - Xiaoning Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361004, China
| | - Luyue Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361004, China
| | - Shizhong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital Southern Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China.
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200
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HMGA2, a driver of inflammation, is associated with hypermethylation in acute liver injury. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 328:34-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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