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Blackmore D, Li L, Wang N, Maksymowych W, Yacyshyn E, Siddiqi ZA. Metabolomic profile overlap in prototypical autoimmune humoral disease: a comparison of myasthenia gravis and rheumatoid arthritis. Metabolomics 2020; 16:10. [PMID: 31902059 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1625-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myasthenia gravis (MG) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are examples of antibody-mediated chronic, progressive autoimmune diseases. Phenotypically dissimilar, MG and RA share common immunological features. However, the immunometabolomic features common to humoral autoimmune diseases remain largely unexplored. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to reveal and illustrate the metabolomic profile overlap found between these two diseases and describe the immunometabolomic significance. METHODS Metabolic analyses using acid- and dansyl-labelled was performed on serum from adult patients with seropositive MG (n = 46), RA (n = 23) and healthy controls (n = 49) presenting to the University of Alberta Hospital specialty clinics. Chemical isotope labelling liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (CIL LC-MS) methods were utilized to assess the serum metabolome in patients; 12C/13C-dansyl chloride (DnsCl) was used to label amine/phenol metabolites and 12C/13C-p-dimethylaminophenacyl bromide (DmPA) was used for carboxylic acids. Metabolites matching our criteria for significance were selected if they were present in both groups. Multivariate statistical analysis [including principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA)] and biochemical pathway analysis was then conducted to gain understanding of the principal pathways involved in antibody-mediated pathogenesis. RESULTS We found 20 metabolites dysregulated in both MG and RA when compared to healthy controls. Most prominently, observed changes were related to pathways associated with phenylalanine metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis, and pyruvate metabolism. CONCLUSION From these results it is evident that many metabolites are common to humoral disease and exhibit significant immunometabolomic properties. This observation may lead to an enhanced understanding of the metabolic underpinnings common to antibody-mediated autoimmune disease. Further, contextualizing these findings within a larger clinical and systems biology context could provide new insights into the pathogenesis and management of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick Blackmore
- Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, 7th Floor, Clinical Sciences Building, 11350 - 83 Ave NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Chemistry Centre Room W3-39C, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Chemistry Centre Room W3-39C, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Walter Maksymowych
- 568A Heritage Medical Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Elaine Yacyshyn
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Alberta, 8-130 Clinical Sciences Building, 11350 - 83 Ave NW, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Zaeem A Siddiqi
- Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, 7th Floor, Clinical Sciences Building, 11350 - 83 Ave NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada.
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152
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Ghosh A, Nanda P, Tripathy S, Sinha MK. Glycogen Accumulation in Neutrophil Can Be a Marker of Sepsis. Int J Appl Basic Med Res 2020; 10:22-24. [PMID: 32002381 PMCID: PMC6967349 DOI: 10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_350_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis, a systemic inflammatory reaction to infection, is the leading cause of death in the world. The early detection and identification of pro-inflammatory changes in overall metabolism and functioning can help in the proper intervention and control of the inflammatory state, and it will improve the prognosis. AIM In a resource-limited setting where the biomarkers are not easily accessible, this simple technique is required that can help in the early identification of infection and inflammation. METHODOLOGY The present study was conducted to find the change in glycogen accumulation and morphological changes during inflammation by preparing a peripheral smear and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining. RESULTS This study shows that the neutrophil accumulates glycogen granules throughout the cytoplasm with the presence of vacuoles in the cytoplasm, thus increasing the neutrophil size and chromatin dispersion. CONCLUSION PAS staining can be used as a diagnostic method to detect sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Ghosh
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Pranati Nanda
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Swagata Tripathy
- Department of Anaesthesiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Mithilesh Kumar Sinha
- Department of General Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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153
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Kumar U, Jain A, Guleria A, R VK, Misra DP, Goel R, Danda D, Misra R, Kumar D. Circulatory Glutamine/Glucose ratio for evaluating disease activity in Takayasu arteritis: A NMR based serum metabolomics study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 180:113080. [PMID: 31896520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.113080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative assessment of disease activity is important for effective care of patients with Takayasu arteritis (TA). Activated glutaminolysis and reduced glycolytic flux is the hallmark of active inflammation. Based on this, we hypothesize that the circulatory Glutamine/Glucose ratio (QGR) can serve as an indicant of active inflammation in TA. To probe this hypothesis, the serum samples were collected from 45 active and 53 inactive TA patients fulfilling American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria and assessed for disease activity according to Indian Takayasu Clinical Activity Score (ITAS) using acute phase reactant-erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ITAS-A (ESR)]. The quantitative profiles of circulatory metabolites implicated in glutaminolysis (Glutamine and Glutamate) and those which estimate glycolytic flux (i.e. glucose and lactate) were measured using high field (800 MHz) NMR spectroscopy. The recorded spectra were analyzed using CHENOMX NMR Suite and the estimated concentration profiles were compared and evaluated for their diagnostic potential using Metaboanalyst. Compared to inactive-TA patients, the sera of active-TA patients were characterized by significantly decreased serum levels of glutamine and lactate suggesting that these patients exhibit activated glutaminolysis and reduced glycolytic activity. This is further supported by significantly decreased QGR and lactate to glucose ratio (LGR) levels in active compared to inactive TA patients. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed satisfactory accuracy, sensitivity and specificity for QGR [with area under ROC curve (AUROC) = 0.76 and 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.66-0.84) compared to that for LGR (with AUROC = 0.67 and CI = 0.561-0.77). Therefore, we believe that the circulatory QGR has the potential to serve as surrogate marker for the assessment of disease activity in TA patients. However, the use of this ratio in clinical settings will require future studies on large patient cohorts and procedural optimization as well to improve accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Kumar
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Lucknow-226014, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Zoology, BBAU, Lucknow-226025, India
| | - Avinash Jain
- Department of Clinical Immunology, SGPGIMS, Raibareli Road, Lucknow-226014, India
| | - Anupam Guleria
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Lucknow-226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Durga P Misra
- Department of Clinical Immunology, SGPGIMS, Raibareli Road, Lucknow-226014, India
| | | | | | - Ramnath Misra
- Department of Clinical Immunology, SGPGIMS, Raibareli Road, Lucknow-226014, India.
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Lucknow-226014, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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154
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Ji S, Zhou S, Zhang X, Li C, Chen W, Jiang X. Oxygen-Sensing Probes and Bandage for Optical Detection of Inflammation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:5110-5117. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shilu Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Sensen Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoke Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Weizhi Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Xiqun Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
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Abstract
Background:
Immunomodulation-based therapy has achieved a breakthrough in
the last decade, which stimulates the passion of searching for potential immunomodulatory
substances in recent years.
Objective:
Marine natural products are a unique source of immunomodulatory substances.
This paper summarized the emerging marine natural small-molecules and related synthesized
derivatives with immunomodulatory activities to provide readers an overview of these bioactive
molecules and their potential in immunomodulation therapy.
Conclusion:
An increasing number of immunomodulatory marine small-molecules with diverse
intriguing structure-skeletons were discovered. They may serve as a basis for further
studies of marine natural products for their chemistry, related mechanism of action and structure-
activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Gu
- Syngenta, Jealott’s Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, United Kingdom
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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156
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Liu H, Feye KM, Nguyen YT, Rakhshandeh A, Loving CL, Dekkers JCM, Gabler NK, Tuggle CK. Acute systemic inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide stimulation in pigs divergently selected for residual feed intake. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:728. [PMID: 31610780 PMCID: PMC6792331 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6127-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is unclear whether improving feed efficiency by selection for low residual feed intake (RFI) compromises pigs’ immunocompetence. Here, we aimed at investigating whether pig lines divergently selected for RFI had different inflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure, regarding to clinical presentations and transcriptomic changes in peripheral blood cells. Results LPS injection induced acute systemic inflammation in both the low-RFI and high-RFI line (n = 8 per line). At 4 h post injection (hpi), the low-RFI line had a significantly lower (p = 0.0075) mean rectal temperature compared to the high-RFI line. However, no significant differences in complete blood count or levels of several plasma cytokines were detected between the two lines. Profiling blood transcriptomes at 0, 2, 6, and 24 hpi by RNA-sequencing revealed that LPS induced dramatic transcriptional changes, with 6296 genes differentially expressed at at least one time point post injection relative to baseline in at least one line (n = 4 per line) (|log2(fold change)| ≥ log2(1.2); q < 0.05). Furthermore, applying the same cutoffs, we detected 334 genes differentially expressed between the two lines at at least one time point, including 33 genes differentially expressed between the two lines at baseline. But no significant line-by-time interaction effects were detected. Genes involved in protein translation, defense response, immune response, and signaling were enriched in different co-expression clusters of genes responsive to LPS stimulation. The two lines were largely similar in their peripheral blood transcriptomic responses to LPS stimulation at the pathway level, although the low-RFI line had a slightly lower level of inflammatory response than the high-RFI line from 2 to 6 hpi and a slightly higher level of inflammatory response than the high-RFI line at 24 hpi. Conclusions The pig lines divergently selected for RFI had a largely similar response to LPS stimulation. However, the low-RFI line had a relatively lower-level, but longer-lasting, inflammatory response compared to the high-RFI line. Our results suggest selection for feed efficient pigs does not significantly compromise a pig’s acute systemic inflammatory response to LPS, although slight differences in intensity and duration may occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, 2258 Kildee Hall, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Kristina M Feye
- Interdepartmental Immunobiology, Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, 2258 Kildee Hall, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Yet T Nguyen
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA
| | - Anoosh Rakhshandeh
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Crystal L Loving
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | - Jack C M Dekkers
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, 239 Kildee Hall, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Nicholas K Gabler
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, 239 Kildee Hall, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Christopher K Tuggle
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, 2255 Kildee Hall, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
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157
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Ubanako P, Xelwa N, Ntwasa M. LPS induces inflammatory chemokines via TLR-4 signalling and enhances the Warburg Effect in THP-1 cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222614. [PMID: 31560702 PMCID: PMC6764657 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Warburg Effect has emerged as a potential drug target because, in some cancer cell lines, it is sufficient to subvert it in order to kill cancer cells. It has also been shown that the Warburg Effect occurs in innate immune cells upon infection. Innate immune cells play critical roles in the tumour microenvironment but the Warburg Effect is not fully understood in monocytes. Furthermore, it is important to understand the impact of infections on key players in the tumour microenvironment because inflammatory conditions often precede carcinogenesis and mutated oncogenes induce inflammation. We investigated the metabolic programme in the acute monocytic leukaemia cell line, THP-1 in the presence and absence of lipopolysaccharide, mimicking bacterial infections. We found that stimulation of THP-1 cells by LPS induces a subset of pro-inflammatory chemokines and enhances the Warburg Effect. Surprisingly, perturbation of the Warburg Effect in these cells does not lead to cell death in contrast to what was observed in non-myeloid cancer cell lines in a previous study. These findings indicate that the Warburg Effect and inflammation are activated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide and may have a profound influence on the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philemon Ubanako
- School of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Ntombikayise Xelwa
- School of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Monde Ntwasa
- Department of Life & Consumer Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
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158
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von Meyenn L, Bertschi NL, Schlapbach C. Targeting T Cell Metabolism in Inflammatory Skin Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2285. [PMID: 31608068 PMCID: PMC6769046 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A properly functioning T cell compartment is crucial to protect the host from infections, tumors, and environmental substances. In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that the processes underlying proper T cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation require well-tuned and dynamic changes in T cell metabolism. Thus, proper metabolic reprogramming in T cells is crucial to ensure proper immunity in the context of infection and anti-tumor immunity. Conversely, aberrant regulation of T cell metabolism can impair T cell function and thereby contribute to T cell-mediated disease. In this review, the relevance of recent insights into T cell metabolism for prototypical T cell-mediated skin diseases will be discussed and their therapeutic potential will be outlined. First, the major modules of T cell metabolism are summarized. Then, the importance of T cell metabolism for T cell-mediated skin diseases such as psoriasis and allergic contact dermatitis is discussed, based on the current state of our understanding thereof. Finally, novel therapeutic opportunities for inflammatory skin disease that might emerge from investigations in T cell metabolism are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christoph Schlapbach
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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159
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Lee G, Hasan M, Kwon OS, Jung BH. Identification of Altered Metabolic Pathways during Disease Progression in EAE Mice via Metabolomics and Lipidomics. Neuroscience 2019; 416:74-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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160
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McGilvray WD, Klein D, Wooten H, Dawson JA, Hewitt D, Rakhshandeh AR, De Lange CFM, Rakhshandeh A. Immune system stimulation induced by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus alters plasma free amino acid flux and dietary nitrogen utilization in starter pigs1. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:2479-2492. [PMID: 31062849 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in plasma free amino acid (AA) flux reflect the modification of AA metabolism in different metabolic states. Infectious diseases repartition AA away from protein retention toward processes involved in immune defense, thus impacting AA utilization in pigs. The current study sought to evaluate the effects of disease induced by a live pathogen on plasma free AA flux and whole-body nitrogen (N) utilization. Twenty gilts (BW 9.4 ± 0.9 kg) were surgically catheterized into the jugular vein, individually housed in metabolism crates, and feed-restricted (550 g/d). Intramuscular inoculation of a live field strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) was used to induce disease. Whole-body N-balance was conducted across 3 d both before PRRSV inoculation (PRRSV-) and also after PRRSV inoculation (PRRSV+). At the end of each N-balance period, a bolus dose of a labeled [U-13C, U-15N]-AA mixture (Ile, Leu, Lys, Met, Phe, Thr, Trp, Val, and Gln) was infused intravenously, followed by serial blood collection for measurement of isotopic enrichment. A double exponential model was fitted with plasma enrichment data for each pig and each AA, and equation parameters were used to estimate plasma free AA flux and pool size. Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of dietary N was determined using the slaughter technique and an indigestible marker. Blood chemistry, hematology, body temperature, and serum viremia indicated that PRRSV induced effective immune response in pigs (P < 0.05). Challenge with PRRSV reduced the AID of N (P < 0.05), but had no effect on apparent total tract digestibility of dietary energy (P = 0.12). Plasma flux (µmol/kg BW/h) for Met and Thr was increased by PRRSV infection (P < 0.05). A strong tendency of increased Val flux was observed in PRRSV+ pigs (P = 0.06). Infection with PRRSV increased the pool size for Lys, Met, Thr, Trp, Leu, Val, and Gln (P < 0.05). Collectively, these results suggest that PRRSV alters the utilization of dietary N and AA flux, as well as pool size, in growing pigs. The increase in Thr and Met flux in PRRSV+ pigs may be associated with enhanced utilization of these AA for the synthesis of immune system metabolites and increased catabolism of these AA. Thus, dietary Met, Thr, and Val requirements may increase in pigs infected with PRRSV, relative to the requirements for other AA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Klein
- The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
| | - Hailey Wooten
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
| | - John A Dawson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
| | - Deltora Hewitt
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
| | | | | | - Anoosh Rakhshandeh
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
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161
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Brazil JC, Quiros M, Nusrat A, Parkos CA. Innate immune cell-epithelial crosstalk during wound repair. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:2983-2993. [PMID: 31329162 PMCID: PMC6668695 DOI: 10.1172/jci124618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin and intestinal epithelial barriers play a pivotal role in protecting underlying tissues from harsh external environments. The protective role of these epithelia is, in part, dependent on a remarkable capacity to restore barrier function and tissue homeostasis after injury. In response to damage, epithelial wounds repair by a series of events that integrate epithelial responses with those of resident and infiltrating immune cells including neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages. Compromise of this complex interplay predisposes to development of chronic nonhealing wounds, contributing to morbidity and mortality of many diseases. Improved understanding of crosstalk between epithelial and immune cells during wound repair is necessary for development of better pro-resolving strategies to treat debilitating complications of disorders ranging from inflammatory bowel disease to diabetes. In this Review we focus on epithelial and innate immune cell interactions that mediate wound healing and restoration of tissue homeostasis in the skin and intestine.
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Choi SH, Kim MY, Yoon YS, Koh DI, Kim MK, Cho SY, Kim KS, Hur MW. Hypoxia-induced RelA/p65 derepresses SLC16A3 (MCT4) by downregulating ZBTB7A. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2019; 1862:771-785. [PMID: 31271899 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Overexpressed Solute Carrier Family 16 Member 3 (SLC16A3, also called MCT4) plays a critical role in hypoxic cancer cell growth and proliferation, by expelling glycolysis-derived lactate across the plasma membrane. However, how SLC16A3 expression is regulated, under hypoxic conditions, is poorly understood. FBI-1, encoded by ZBTB7A, is a proto-oncoprotein. Interestingly, under hypoxic conditions, expression of SLC16A3, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), increased gradually, while FBI-1 expression decreased, suggesting a negative correlation between SLC16A3/HIF-1 and FBI-1 expression. Consequently, we hypothesized that FBI-1 might regulate SLC16A3 and/or HIF-1 expression. Transient transfection and transcription assays of SLC16A3 promoter reporter fusion constructs, oligonucleotide-pulldowns, and ChIP assays, showed that HIF-1α activates SLC16A3 by binding to a hypoxia-response element (HRE), while ectopic FBI-1 potently repressed SLC16A3, by binding to both FBI-1-response elements (FREs) and HREs, during hypoxia. Further evidence for this model was downregulation of ZBTB7A, correlated with SLC16A3 upregulation, in hypoxic colon cancer cells. We also investigated how FBI-1 expression is downregulated during hypoxia. The 5'-upstream regulatory region of ZBTB7A contains two NF-κB-binding sites and two HREs. Interestingly, hypoxia activated NF-κB (RelA/p65) and also increased its nuclear translocation. NF-κB repressed ZBTB7A by binding NF-κB-binding elements, and downregulated the repressor FBI-1, thereby increasing SLC16A3 transcription. While transcriptional repression of SLC16A3 by FBI-1 inhibited lactate efflux, repression of ZBTB7A and activation of lactate efflux by NF-κB, increased colon cancer cell growth and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Hyun Choi
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University School of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, SeoDaeMoon-Ku, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Young Kim
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University School of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, SeoDaeMoon-Ku, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-So Yoon
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University School of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, SeoDaeMoon-Ku, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-In Koh
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University School of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, SeoDaeMoon-Ku, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyeong Kim
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University School of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, SeoDaeMoon-Ku, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Yeon Cho
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University School of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, SeoDaeMoon-Ku, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sup Kim
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University School of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, SeoDaeMoon-Ku, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Wook Hur
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University School of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, SeoDaeMoon-Ku, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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163
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Drouin G, Couture V, Lauzon MA, Balg F, Faucheux N, Grenier G. Muscle injury-induced hypoxia alters the proliferation and differentiation potentials of muscle resident stromal cells. Skelet Muscle 2019; 9:18. [PMID: 31217019 PMCID: PMC6582603 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-019-0202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Trauma-induced heterotopic ossification (HO) is a complication that develops under three conditions: the presence of an osteogenic progenitor cell, an inducing factor, and a permissive environment. We previously showed that a mouse multipotent Sca1+ CD31− Lin− muscle resident stromal cell (mrSC) population is involved in the development of HO in the presence of inducing factors, members of the bone morphogenetic protein family. Interestingly, BMP9 unlike BMP2 causes HO only if the muscle is damaged by injection of cardiotoxin. Because acute trauma often results in blood vessel breakdown, we hypothesized that a hypoxic state in damaged muscles may foster mrSCs activation and proliferation and trigger differentiation toward an osteogenic lineage, thus promoting the development of HO. Methods Three- to - six-month-old male C57Bl/6 mice were used to induce muscle damage by injection of cardiotoxin intramuscularly into the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles. mrSCs were isolated from damaged (hypoxic state) and contralateral healthy muscles and counted, and their osteoblastic differentiation with or without BMP2 and BMP9 was determined by alkaline phosphatase activity measurement. The proliferation and differentiation of mrSCs isolated from healthy muscles was also studied in normoxic incubator and hypoxic conditions. The effect of hypoxia on BMP synthesis and Smad pathway activation was determined by qPCR and/or Western blot analyses. Differences between normally distributed groups were compared using a Student’s paired t test or an unpaired t test. Results The hypoxic state of a severely damaged muscle increased the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mrSCs. mrSCs isolated from damaged muscles also displayed greater sensitivity to osteogenic signals, especially BMP9, than did mrSCs from a healthy muscle. In hypoxic conditions, mrSCs isolated from a control muscle were more proliferative and were more prone to osteogenic differentiation. Interestingly, Smad1/5/8 activation was detected in hypoxic conditions and was still present after 5 days, while Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation could not be detected after 3 h of normoxic incubator condition. BMP9 mRNA transcripts and protein levels were higher in mrSCs cultured in hypoxic conditions. Our results suggest that low-oxygen levels in damaged muscle influence mrSC behavior by facilitating their differentiation into osteoblasts. This effect may be mediated partly through the activation of the Smad pathway and the expression of osteoinductive growth factors such as BMP9 by mrSCs. Conclusion Hypoxia should be considered a key factor in the microenvironment of damaged muscle that triggers HO. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13395-019-0202-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Drouin
- Centre de Recherche du CHUS, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada.,Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, QC, J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Vanessa Couture
- Centre de Recherche du CHUS, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Marc-Antoine Lauzon
- Laboratory of 3D Cell Culture Systems, Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul Universite, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Frédéric Balg
- Centre de Recherche du CHUS, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Nathalie Faucheux
- Centre de Recherche du CHUS, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada. .,Laboratory of Cell-Biomaterial Biohybrid Systems, Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul Universite, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada.
| | - Guillaume Grenier
- Centre de Recherche du CHUS, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada
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McGilvray WD, Johnson B, Wooten H, Rakhshandeh AR, Rakhshandeh A. Immune System Stimulation Reduces the Efficiency of Whole-Body Protein Deposition and Alters Muscle Fiber Characteristics in Growing Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9060323. [PMID: 31174289 PMCID: PMC6617207 DOI: 10.3390/ani9060323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Disease reduces growth and protein retention in pigs. Protein retention is the balance between two energy-consuming processes in the body of pigs: protein synthesis and breakdown. Previous reports on the effects of disease on these components of protein metabolism and their consecutive effects on protein retention are inconsistent. In addition, limited information is available about the effects of disease on the composition of muscle fibers in pigs. Thus, we evaluated these parameters, since they help us to understand protein metabolism during disease in pigs. We used twelve gilts; five were used as a control and seven were made ill. Experimental diets were designed to supply nutrients that closely met the daily requirements of each group. Protein synthesis, protein breakdown, and protein retention were measured over 72 h. Pigs were then euthanized and various muscles were sampled. Our findings suggested that disease not only reduces protein retention by decreasing protein synthesis and protein breakdown, but also by reducing the efficiency of protein deposition. In other words, ill pigs synthesize more protein per unit of protein retention, compared to healthy pigs. In addition, disease reduces muscle mass and changes the composition of the muscle fibers. The latter might negatively affect pork quality. Abstract The effects of immune system stimulation (ISS), induced by repeated injection of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, on the whole-body protein synthesis versus degradation rates, the efficiency of protein deposition (PD), and muscle fiber characteristics in pigs were evaluated. Twelve growing gilts were assigned to two levels of amino acid intake that was predicted based on the potential of each group’s health status for PD and feed intake. Isotope tracer, nitrogen balance, and immunohistochemical staining techniques were used to determine protein turnover, PD, and muscle fiber characteristics, respectively. Protein synthesis, degradation, and PD were lower in immune-challenged pigs than in control pigs (p < 0.05). Strong tendencies for a higher protein synthesis-to-PD ratio (p = 0.055) and a lower protein synthesis-to-degradation ratio (p = 0.065) were observed in immune-challenged pigs. A decrease in muscle cross-sectional area of fibers and a shift from myosin heavy chain (MHC)-II towards MHC-I fibers (p < 0.05) were observed in immune-challenged pigs. These results indicated that ISS reduces PD not only by suppressing the whole-body protein synthesis and degradation rates, but also by decreasing the efficiency of PD in growing pigs. In addition, ISS induces atrophy in skeletal muscles and favors a slow-twitch oxidative fiber type composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney D McGilvray
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| | - Bradley Johnson
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| | - Hailey Wooten
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| | | | - Anoosh Rakhshandeh
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
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165
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Yamamoto A, Hester J, Macklin PS, Kawai K, Uchiyama M, Biggs D, Bishop T, Bull K, Cheng X, Cawthorne E, Coleman ML, Crockford TL, Davies B, Dow LE, Goldin R, Kranc K, Kudo H, Lawson H, McAuliffe J, Milward K, Scudamore CL, Soilleux E, Issa F, Ratcliffe PJ, Pugh CW. Systemic silencing of PHD2 causes reversible immune regulatory dysfunction. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:3640-3656. [PMID: 31162141 PMCID: PMC6715380 DOI: 10.1172/jci124099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological effects of cellular hypoxia are sensed by prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) enzymes which regulate HIFs. Genetic interventions on HIF/PHD pathways reveal multiple phenotypes that extend the known biology of hypoxia. Recent studies unexpectedly implicate HIF in aspects of multiple immune and inflammatory pathways. However such studies are often limited by systemic lethal effects and/or use tissue-specific recombination systems, which are inherently irreversible, un-physiologically restricted and difficult to time. To study these processes better we developed recombinant mice which express tetracycline-regulated shRNAs broadly targeting the main components of the HIF/PHD pathway, permitting timed bi-directional intervention. We have shown that stabilization of HIF levels in adult mice through PHD2 enzyme silencing by RNA interference, or inducible recombination of floxed alleles, results in multi-lineage leukocytosis and features of autoimmunity. This phenotype was rapidly normalized on re-establishment of the hypoxia-sensing machinery when shRNA expression was discontinued. In both situations these effects were mediated principally through the Hif2a isoform. Assessment of cells bearing regulatory T cell markers from these mice revealed defective function and pro-inflammatory effects in vivo. We believe our findings have shown a new role for the PHD2/Hif2a couple in the reversible regulation of T cell and immune activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Yamamoto
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Hester
- Transplantation Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Philip S. Macklin
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kento Kawai
- Transplantation Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Masateru Uchiyama
- Transplantation Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Biggs
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tammie Bishop
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Bull
- Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaotong Cheng
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Cawthorne
- Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mathew L. Coleman
- Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tanya L. Crockford
- Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Davies
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lukas E. Dow
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rob Goldin
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kamil Kranc
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Hiromi Kudo
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Lawson
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - James McAuliffe
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Milward
- Transplantation Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cheryl L. Scudamore
- Veterinary Pathology, MRC Harwell, Mary Lyon Centre, Harwell Campus, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Soilleux
- Department of Pathology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fadi Issa
- Transplantation Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Ratcliffe
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chris W. Pugh
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Profiling of local disease-sparing responses to bovine respiratory syncytial virus in intranasally vaccinated and challenged calves. J Proteomics 2019; 204:103397. [PMID: 31146050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bovine and human respiratory syncytial viruses (BRSV, HRSV) are primary causes of pneumonia in calves and children respectively, with vaccination offering protection via antibody and cellular immune responses. However, with no vaccines currently licensed for human use, evaluation of local responses to BRSV vaccination may provide insights to aid the design of effective safe HRSV vaccines. Calves received intranasal single component BRSV vaccine or "3-Way" vaccine (BRSV, Bovine Herpes Virus-1 (BHV-1), Bovine Parainfluenza Virus Type-3 (BPIV-3)), and were BRSV-challenged 42 days post-vaccination. All vaccinates exhibited reduced pulmonary lesioning with elevated anti-BRSV serum IgG, and higher nasal anti-BRSV IgA in 3-Way vaccinates. Thirty-nine proteins associated with homeostatic and immune processes were altered in vaccinates, with enhanced 3-Way vaccinate group proteins associated with Th1/Th2 balance and immunoglobulin class switching. Proteins altered in the pharyngeal tonsil of animals euthanized early related to anti-inflammatory responses and lymphoid tissue remodeling. These findings indicate that multivalent vaccines distinctly modulate local immune responses, with clear correlation between the pharyngeal tonsil proteome profile and resulting immune protection and disease-sparing. This suggests that the efficacy of low-antigenic subunit vaccine components for problematic pathogens such as HRSV could be enhanced by use in combination with existing safe live vaccines. SIGNIFICANCE: This study demonstrates that vaccine valency can alter post-challenge proteome responses within the pharyngeal tonsil, a sentinel site of primary immune responses, with the magnitude of response dependent on antigen formulation. Observed differential responses can be attributed to antigenic material and viral nucleic acid from multivalent formulations providing additional T-cell epitopes and PAMPS. These findings indicate that incorporation of subunits proteins within multivalent formulations containing live virus has the potential to induce/skew a favorable immune response, utilising the natural adjuvanting effects of safe proven live vaccines.
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167
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Bertero T, Perk D, Chan SY. The molecular rationale for therapeutic targeting of glutamine metabolism in pulmonary hypertension. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:511-524. [PMID: 31055988 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1615438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a deadly enigmatic disease with increasing prevalence. Cellular pathologic hallmarks of PH are driven at least partly by metabolic rewiring, but details are just emerging. The discovery that vascular matrix stiffening can mechanically activate the glutaminase (GLS) enzyme and serve as a pathogenic mechanism of PH has advanced our understanding of the complex role of glutamine in PH. It has also offered a novel therapeutic target for development as a next-generation drug for this disease. Area covered: This review discusses the cellular contribution of glutamine metabolism to PH together with the possible therapeutic application of pharmacologic GLS inhibitors in this disease. Expert opinion: Despite advances in our understanding of glutamine metabolism in PH, questions remain unanswered regarding the development of therapies targeting glutamine in PH. The comprehensive mechanisms by which glutamine metabolism rewiring influences pulmonary vascular cell behavior to drive PH are incompletely understood. Because glutamine metabolism exhibits a variety of functions in organ repair and homeostasis, a better understanding of the overall risk-benefit ratio of these strategies with long-term follow-up is needed. This knowledge should pave the way for the design of new strategies to prevent and hopefully even regress PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bertero
- a Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology , Université Côte d'Azur , Valbonne , France
| | - Dror Perk
- b Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine , University of Pittsburgh Medical Center , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | - Stephen Y Chan
- b Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine , University of Pittsburgh Medical Center , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
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168
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Dietrich MA, Nynca J, Ciereszko A. Proteomic and metabolomic insights into the functions of the male reproductive system in fishes. Theriogenology 2019; 132:182-200. [PMID: 31029849 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Proteomics and metabolomics are emerging and powerful tools to unravel the complex molecular mechanisms regulating reproduction in male fish. So far, numerous proteins and metabolites have been identified that provide us with valuable information to conduct a comprehensive analysis on seminal plasma and spermatozoa components and their functions. These analyses have allowed a better understanding of the blood-testis barrier functions, the molecular mechanisms underlying spermatogenesis, spermatozoa maturation, motility signaling, and competition as well as the mechanism of cryodamage to sperm structure and functions. To extend, proteins that undergo posttranslational modification, such as phosphorylation and oxidation in response to spermatozoa motility activation and cryopreservation, respectively, have been identified. Proteomic studies resulted in identification of potential proteins that can be used as biomarkers for sperm quality and freezability to enable the control of artificial reproduction, and to improve methods for long-term preservation (cryopreservation) of sperm. The different proteins expressed in the spermatozoa of neomales and normal males can also provide new insights into development of methods for separating X and Y fish sperm, and changes in the protein profiles in haploid and diploid spermatozoa will provide new perspectives to better understand the mechanism of male polyploidy. Overall, the knowledge gained by proteomic and metabolomic studies is important from basic to applied sciences for the development and/or optimisation of techniques in controlled fish reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola A Dietrich
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Joanna Nynca
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Andrzej Ciereszko
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
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169
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McGilvray WD, Wooten H, Rakhshandeh AR, Petry A, Rakhshandeh A. Immune system stimulation increases dietary threonine requirements for protein deposition in growing pigs. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:735-744. [PMID: 30541080 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported an increase in the utilization of threonine (Thr) during immune system stimulation (ISS). However, increased utilization of an AA during ISS may not reflect an increased dietary requirement, as endogenous sources may supply AA to meet the need for enhanced utilization. The current study evaluated the impact of ISS on components of dietary Thr requirements, i.e., maintenance requirement and the efficiency of Thr utilization. Thirty-nine gilts (initial BW 32 ± 2.1 kg) of commercially relevant genetics were individually housed in metabolism crates and fed one of six experimental diets in which Thr was the first limiting among other AA. Three levels of dietary Thr were tested within each ISS group: 70%, 90%, and 110% of daily Thr requirements, which were estimated based on the potential of each ISS group for protein deposition (PD). Following adaptation to the experimental diets, pigs from each dietary treatment group were injected with either increasing amounts of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (ISS+; 25 and 35 µg/kg BW) or saline (ISS-). Injections were given 48-h apart and whole-body nitrogen balance was measured for 72-h following the first injection. Body temperature (BT) was monitored and blood samples were collected 24 h after initiation of ISS and evaluated for measures of blood chemistry. Blood chemistry and BT results indicated an effective ISS in pigs (P < 0.03). Threonine intake increased PD in a linear fashion in both ISS groups (P < 0.01). The marginal efficiency of standardized ileal digestible (SID) Thr utilization for PD, represented by the slope, was not affected by ISS. However, ISS substantially increased the extrapolated maintenance SID Thr requirements, represented by the intercept at zero PD (ISS- vs. ISS+, -11.2 vs. -56.3 SE 13.2; P < 0.05). Collectively, our results indicated that the physiological changes associated with ISS increased the dietary SID Thr requirements for PD due to an increase in maintenance requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hailey Wooten
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
| | | | - Amy Petry
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
| | - Anoosh Rakhshandeh
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
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170
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Dunislawska A, Slawinska A, Bednarczyk M, Siwek M. Transcriptome modulation by in ovo delivered Lactobacillus synbiotics in a range of chicken tissues. Gene 2019; 698:27-33. [PMID: 30831211 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Synbiotics are the bioactive compounds that synergistically combine effects of prebiotics and probiotics. In poultry, synbiotics can be used to reprogram animal's intestinal microbiota upon perinatal in ovo injection on day 12 of eggs incubation. Optimally composed synbiotic delivered in ovo efficiently stimulates the host's intestinal microflora, which in turn exerts beneficial effects on the host and improves its physiological functions. The aim of the study was to estimate long-term changes in the chicken transcriptome after a single in ovo administration of two different synbiotics. On day 12 of eggs incubation, 5850 eggs of broiler chicken were distributed to experimental groups and injected with synbiotic 1 (S1)- Lactobacillus salivarius with galactooligosaccharides (GOS) or synbiotic 2 (S2)- Lactobacillus plantarum with raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO). On day 21 post-hatching cockerels were sacrificed and immunological (cecal tonsils and spleen), intestinal (jejunum) and metabolic (liver) tissues were collected (n = 5). Isolated RNA served as a template for the whole-transcriptome analysis using GeneChip Chicken Gene 1.1. ST Array Strip (Affymetrix). Data analysis was performed using Affymetrix Expression Console and Transcriptome Analysis Console software, Venn diagrams, DAVID and CateGOrizer. The highest number of Differentially Expressed Genes (DEG) was detected in cecal tonsils (160 DEG) after S1 in ovo injection, and in liver (159 DEG) after S2 injection. The influence of S1 on transcriptome modulation was demonstrated by a strong activation of the genes taking part in the pathways related to metabolism and immune response in cecal tonsils. S2 injection led to modulation of the gene expression associated with metabolic and developmental signaling pathways in the liver. Obtained results let us conclude that synbiotics delivered in ovo have significant impact on chicken transcriptome and their effect depends on the composition of the bioactive compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dunislawska
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, UTP University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - A Slawinska
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, UTP University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - M Bednarczyk
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, UTP University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - M Siwek
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, UTP University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
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Vidal-Lletjós S, Andriamihaja M, Blais A, Grauso M, Lepage P, Davila AM, Viel R, Gaudichon C, Leclerc M, Blachier F, Lan A. Dietary Protein Intake Level Modulates Mucosal Healing and Mucosa-Adherent Microbiota in Mouse Model of Colitis. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030514. [PMID: 30823387 PMCID: PMC6471602 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal healing after an inflammatory flare is associated with lasting clinical remission. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the impact of the amount of dietary protein on epithelial repair after an acute inflammatory episode. C57BL/6 DSS-treated mice received isocaloric diets with different levels of dietary protein: 14% (P14), 30% (P30) and 53% (P53) for 3 (day 10), 6 (day 13) and 21 (day 28) days after the time of colitis maximal intensity. While the P53 diet worsened the DSS- induced inflammation both in intensity and duration, the P30 diet, when compared to the P14 diet, showed a beneficial effect during the epithelial repair process by accelerating inflammation resolution, reducing colonic permeability and increasing epithelial repair together with epithelial hyperproliferation. Dietary protein intake also impacted mucosa-adherent microbiota composition after inflammation since P30 fed mice showed increased colonization of butyrate-producing genera throughout the resolution phase. This study revealed that in our colitis model, the amount of protein in the diet modulated mucosal healing, with beneficial effects of a moderately high-protein diet, while very high-protein diet displayed deleterious effects on this process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anne Blais
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Marta Grauso
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Patricia Lepage
- UMR MICALIS, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Anne-Marie Davila
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Roselyne Viel
- H2P2, Biosit-Biogenouest, Université de Rennes 1, 35005 Rennes, France.
| | - Claire Gaudichon
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Marion Leclerc
- UMR MICALIS, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - François Blachier
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Annaïg Lan
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005 Paris, France.
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Bai YM, Mao J, Li DX, Luo XJ, Chen J, Tay FR, Niu LN. Bimodal antibacterial system based on quaternary ammonium silane-coupled core-shell hollow mesoporous silica. Acta Biomater 2019; 85:229-240. [PMID: 30593887 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hollow mesoporous silica (HMS) have been extensively investigated as a biomaterial for drug delivery. The present study developed quaternary ammonium silane-grafted hollow mesoporous silica (QHMS) to create a metronidazole (MDZ) sustained delivery system, MDZ@QHMS, with bimodal, contact-kill and release-kill capability. The QHMS was assembled through a self-templating method. Metronidazole was incorporated within the QHMS core using solvent evaporation. Antibacterial activities of the MDZ@QHMS were investigated using single-species biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC25922) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (ATCC33277). The MDZ@QHMS maintained a hollow mesoporous structure and demonstrated sustained drug release and bacteridal actvity against the three bacterial strains at a concentration of 100 μg/mL or above. These nanoparticles were not relatively cytotoxic to human gingival fibroblasts when employed below 100 µg/mL. Compared with HMS, the MDZ@QHMS system at the same concentration demonstrated antibiotic-elution and contact-killing bimodal antibacterial activities. The synthesized drug carrier with sustained, bimodal antibacterial function and minimal cytotoxicity possesses potential for localized antibiotic applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The present study develops quaternary ammonium silane-grafted hollow mesoporous silica (QHMS) to create a metronidazole (MDZ) sustained delivery system, MDZ@QHMS, with bimodal, contact-kill and release-kill capability. This system demonstrates sustained drug release and maintained a hollow mesoporous structure. The synthesized drug carrier with sustained, bimodal antibacterial function and excellent biocompatibility possesses potential for localized antibiotic applications.
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Hsu WH, Shen YC, Shiao YJ, Kuo CH, Lu CK, Lin TY, Ku WC, Lin YL. Combined proteomic and metabolomic analyses of cerebrospinal fluid from mice with ischemic stroke reveals the effects of a Buyang Huanwu decoction in neurodegenerative disease. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209184. [PMID: 30645580 PMCID: PMC6333407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the most common causes of death worldwide and is a major cause of acquired disability in adults. However, there is still a need for an effective drug for its treatment. Buyang Huanwu decoction (BHD), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription, has long been used clinically to aid neurological recovery after stroke. To establish potential clinical indicators of BHD efficacy in stroke treatment and prognosis, we conducted a combined proteomic and metabolomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples in a mouse stroke model. CSF samples were obtained from male mice with acute ischemic stroke induced by middle cerebral ischemic/reperfusion (CI/R) injury, some of which were then treated with BHD. Label-free quantitative proteomics was conducted using nano-LC-MS/MS on an LTQ Orbitrap mass and metabolomic analysis was performed using nanoprobe NMR and UHPLC-QTOF-MS. The results showed that several proteins and metabolites were present at significantly different concentrations in the CSF samples from mice with CI/R alone and those treated with BHD. These belonged to pathways related to energy demand, inflammatory signaling, cytoskeletal regulation, Wnt signaling, and neuroprotection against neurodegenerative diseases. In conclusion, our in silico data suggest that BHD treatment is not only protective but can also ameliorate defects in pathways affected by neurological disorders. These data shed light on the mechanism whereby BHD may be effective in the treatment and prevention of stroke-related neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsiang Hsu
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Chiang Shen
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Young-Ji Shiao
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hua Kuo
- Department of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Kuang Lu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Yuan Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chi Ku
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (YLL); (WCK)
| | - Yun-Lian Lin
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (YLL); (WCK)
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174
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Kappel S, Borgström A, Stokłosa P, Dörr K, Peinelt C. Store-operated calcium entry in disease: Beyond STIM/Orai expression levels. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 94:66-73. [PMID: 30630032 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Precise intracellular calcium signaling is crucial to numerous cellular functions. In non-excitable cells, store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) is a key step in the generation of intracellular calcium signals. Tight regulation of SOCE is important, and dysregulation is involved in several pathophysiological cellular malfunctions. The current underlying SOCE, calcium release-activated calcium current (ICRAC), was first discovered almost three decades ago. Since its discovery, the molecular components of ICRAC, Orai1 and stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), have been extensively investigated. Several regulatory mechanisms and proteins contribute to alterations in SOCE and cellular malfunctions in cancer, immune and neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation, and neuronal disorders. This review summarizes these regulatory mechanisms, including glycosylation, pH sensing, and the regulatory proteins golli, α-SNAP, SARAF, ORMDL3, CRACR2A, and TRPM4 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Kappel
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna Borgström
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Paulina Stokłosa
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Christine Peinelt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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175
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Ostrowski RP, Zhang JH. The insights into molecular pathways of hypoxia-inducible factor in the brain. J Neurosci Res 2018; 98:57-76. [PMID: 30548473 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this present work were to review recent developments on the role of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) in the survival of cells under normoxic versus hypoxic and inflammatory brain conditions. The dual nature of HIF effects appears well established, based on the accumulated evidence of HIF playing both the role of adaptive factor and mediator of cell demise. Cellular HIF responses depend on pathophysiological conditions, developmental phase, comorbidities, and administered medications. In addition, HIF-1α and HIF-2α actions may vary in the same tissues. The multiple roles of HIF in stem cells are emerging. HIF not only regulates expression of target genes and thereby influences resultant protein levels but also contributes to epigenetic changes that may reciprocally provide feedback regulations loops. These HIF-dependent alterations in neurological diseases and its responses to treatments in vivo need to be examined alongside with a functional status of subjects involved in such studies. The knowledge of HIF pathways might be helpful in devising HIF-mimetics and modulating drugs, acting on the molecular level to improve clinical outcomes, as exemplified here by clinical and experimental data of selected brain diseases, occasionally corroborated by the data from disorders of other organs. Because of complex role of HIF in brain injuries, prospective therapeutic interventions need to differentially target HIF responses depending on their roles in the molecular mechanisms of neurologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Ostrowski
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Neuropathology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - John H Zhang
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Physiology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
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176
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Chauhan P, Saha B. Metabolic regulation of infection and inflammation. Cytokine 2018; 112:1-11. [PMID: 30472107 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immunometabolic framework provides a way to understand the immune regulation via cell intrinsic metabolic fluxes and metabolites during infections, tumors, and inflammatory disorders. During these diseases, the immune cells are activated requiring more energy and moderating their metabolic functions. The two categories of metabolic alterations are therefore causally associated with energy derivation and cellular functions. Pathogens, tumors and inflammation target energy metabolism, primarily glucose uptake, glucose catabolism, gluconeogenesis for continuing lipid metabolism through mainstream pathways such as glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, mitochondrial respiration and pentose phosphate pathway. Many biosynthetic pathways such as those of cholesterol, ceramide, sphingolipids, and fatty acids are altered explaining the metabolic interface in molecular pathogenesis in various infectious and non-infectious inflammatory diseases. The emerging immune-metabolic framework also identifies the key regulatory elements such as metabolites, signalling intermediates and transcription factors. These regulatory elements play key roles in deciding the fate of an infection, tumor or autoimmune diseases. The original research articles and the review articles in this Special issue of Cytokine on "Infection, Inflammation and Immunometabolomes" highlight these aspects of metabolic reprogramming and the role of some 'metabolomic regulators' in controlling the outcome of infectious and non-infectious diseases. In this Editorial, we introduce the readers to these articles discussing the elements in immune-metabolic framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Chauhan
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - Bhaskar Saha
- Trident Academy of Creative Technology, Bhubaneswar 750019, India
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177
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Curtis VF, Cartwright IM, Lee JS, Wang RX, Kao DJ, Lanis JM, Burney KM, Welch N, Hall CHT, Goldberg MS, Campbell EL, Colgan SP. Neutrophils as sources of dinucleotide polyphosphates and metabolism by epithelial ENPP1 to influence barrier function via adenosine signaling. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:2687-2699. [PMID: 30188771 PMCID: PMC6249842 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-06-0377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine signaling is established as a protective component in mucosal inflammatory responses. The sources of extracellular adenosine include enzymatic processing from nucleotides, such as ATP and AMP, that can be liberated from a variety of cell types, including infiltrating leukocytes. Here we demonstrate that activated human neutrophils are a source of diadenosine triphosphate (Ap3A), providing an additional source of nucleotides during inflammation. Profiling murine enteroids and intestinal epithelial cell lines revealed that intestinal epithelia prominently express apical and lateral ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1 (ENPP1), a member of the ENPP family of enzymes that metabolize diadenosine phosphates, especially Ap3A. Extensions of these studies demonstrated that intestinal epithelia metabolize Ap3A to ADP and AMP, which are further metabolized to adenosine and made available to activate surface adenosine receptors. Using loss and gain of ENPP1 approaches, we revealed that ENPP1 coordinates epithelial barrier formation and promotes epithelial wound healing responses. These studies demonstrate the cooperative metabolism between Ap3A and ENPP1 function to provide a significant source of adenosine, subserving its role in inflammatory resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie F. Curtis
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Ian M. Cartwright
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - J. Scott Lee
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Ruth X. Wang
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Daniel J. Kao
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Jordi M. Lanis
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Krista M. Burney
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Nichole Welch
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Caroline H. T. Hall
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Matthew S. Goldberg
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Eric L. Campbell
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Sean P. Colgan
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
- Rocky Mountain Veterans Affairs Hospital, Denver, CO 80220
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178
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Pulido-Salgado M, Vidal-Taboada JM, Barriga GGD, Solà C, Saura J. RNA-Seq transcriptomic profiling of primary murine microglia treated with LPS or LPS + IFNγ. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16096. [PMID: 30382133 PMCID: PMC6208373 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34412-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia, the main resident immune cells in the CNS, are thought to participate in the pathogenesis of various neurological disorders. LPS and LPS + IFNγ are stimuli that are widely used to activate microglia. However, the transcriptomic profiles of microglia treated with LPS and LPS + IFNγ have not been properly compared. Here, we treated murine primary microglial cultures with LPS or LPS + IFNγ for 6 hours and then performed RNA-Sequencing. Gene expression patterns induced by the treatments were obtained by WGCNA and 11 different expression profiles were found, showing differential responses to LPS and LPS + IFNγ in many genes. Interestingly, a subset of genes involved in Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s and Huntington’s disease were downregulated by both treatments. By DESeq analysis we found differentially upregulated and downregulated genes that confirmed LPS and LPS + IFNγ as inducers of microglial pro-inflammatory responses, but also highlighted their involvement in specific cell functions. In response to LPS, microglia tended to be more proliferative, pro-inflammatory and phagocytic; whereas LPS + IFNγ inhibited genes were involved in pain, cell division and, unexpectedly, production of some inflammatory mediators. In summary, this study provides a detailed description of the transcriptome of LPS- and LPS + IFNγ treated primary microglial cultures. It may be useful to determine whether these in vitro phenotypes resemble microglia in in vivo pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pulido-Salgado
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose M Vidal-Taboada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Peripheral Nervous System, Neuroscience Dept, VHIR- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gerardo Garcia-Diaz Barriga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Histology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Solà
- Department of Cerebral Ischemia and Neurodegeneration, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, CSIC, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Saura
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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179
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Wang X, Ludwig EA, Passarell J, Bello A, Roy A, Hruska MW. Population Pharmacokinetics and Exposure - Safety Analyses of Nivolumab in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma. J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 59:364-373. [DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Amit Roy
- Bristol-Myers Squibb; Princeton NJ USA
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180
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Murgia A, Hinz C, Liggi S, Denes J, Hall Z, West J, Santoru ML, Piras C, Manis C, Usai P, Atzori L, Griffin JL, Caboni P. Italian cohort of patients affected by inflammatory bowel disease is characterised by variation in glycerophospholipid, free fatty acids and amino acid levels. Metabolomics 2018; 14:140. [PMID: 30830399 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1439-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of pathologies characterised by chronic inflammation of the intestine and an unclear aetiology. Its main manifestations are Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Currently, biopsies are the most used diagnostic tests for these diseases and metabolomics could represent a less invasive approach to identify biomarkers of disease presence and progression. OBJECTIVES The lipid and the polar metabolite profile of plasma samples of patients affected by inflammatory bowel disease have been compared with healthy individuals with the aim to find their metabolomic differences. Also, a selected sub-set of samples was analysed following solid phase extraction to further characterise differences between pathological samples. METHODS A total of 200 plasma samples were analysed using drift tube ion mobility coupled with time of flight mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography for the lipid metabolite profile analysis, while liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry was used for the polar metabolite profile analysis. RESULTS Variations in the lipid profile between inflammatory bowel disease and healthy individuals were highlighted. Phosphatidylcholines, lyso-phosphatidylcholines and fatty acids were significantly changed among pathological samples suggesting changes in phospholipase A2 and arachidonic acid metabolic pathways. Variations in the levels of cholesteryl esters and glycerophospholipids were also found. Furthermore, a decrease in amino acids levels suggests mucosal damage in inflammatory bowel disease. CONCLUSIONS Given good statistical results and predictive power of the model produced in our study, metabolomics can be considered as a valid tool to investigate inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Murgia
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christine Hinz
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sonia Liggi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jùlìa Denes
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zoe Hall
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James West
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Cristina Piras
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cristina Manis
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paolo Usai
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luigi Atzori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Julian L Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pierluigi Caboni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
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181
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Gerner RR, Klepsch V, Macheiner S, Arnhard K, Adolph TE, Grander C, Wieser V, Pfister A, Moser P, Hermann-Kleiter N, Baier G, Oberacher H, Tilg H, Moschen AR. NAD metabolism fuels human and mouse intestinal inflammation. Gut 2018; 67:1813-1823. [PMID: 28877980 PMCID: PMC6145287 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT, also referred to as pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor or visfatin) is critically required for the maintenance of cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) supply catalysing the rate-limiting step of the NAD salvage pathway. NAMPT is strongly upregulated in inflammation including IBD and counteracts an increased cellular NAD turnover mediated by NAD-depleting enzymes. These constitute an important mechanistic link between inflammatory, metabolic and transcriptional pathways and NAD metabolism. DESIGN We investigated the impact of NAMPT inhibition by the small-molecule inhibitor FK866 in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) model of colitis and the azoxymethane/DSS model of colitis-associated cancer. The impact of NAD depletion on differentiation of mouse and human primary monocytes/macrophages was studied in vitro. Finally, we tested the efficacy of FK866 compared with dexamethasone and infliximab in lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMNC) isolated from patients with IBD. RESULTS FK866 ameliorated DSS-induced colitis and suppressed inflammation-associated tumorigenesis in mice. FK866 potently inhibited NAMPT activity as demonstrated by reduced mucosal NAD, resulting in reduced abundances and activities of NAD-dependent enzymes including PARP1, Sirt6 and CD38, reduced nuclear factor kappa B activation, and decreased cellular infiltration by inflammatory monocytes, macrophages and activated T cells. Remarkably, FK866 effectively supressed cytokine release from LPMNCs of patients with IBD. As FK866 was also effective in Rag1-⁄- mice, we mechanistically linked FK866 treatment with altered monocyte/macrophage biology and skewed macrophage polarisation by reducing CD86, CD38, MHC-II and interleukin (IL)-6 and promoting CD206, Egr2 and IL-10. CONCLUSION Our data emphasise the importance of NAD immunometabolism for mucosal immunity and highlight FK866-mediated NAMPT blockade as a promising therapeutic approach in acute intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana R Gerner
- Division of Internal Medicine I, Department of Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mucosal Immunology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Victoria Klepsch
- Division of Translational Cell Genetics, Department for Pharmacology and Genetics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sophie Macheiner
- Division of Internal Medicine I, Department of Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mucosal Immunology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kathrin Arnhard
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Core Facility Metabolomics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Timon E Adolph
- Division of Internal Medicine I, Department of Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Grander
- Division of Internal Medicine I, Department of Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Verena Wieser
- Division of Internal Medicine I, Department of Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexandra Pfister
- Division of Internal Medicine I, Department of Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mucosal Immunology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Patrizia Moser
- Department of Pathology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Natascha Hermann-Kleiter
- Division of Translational Cell Genetics, Department for Pharmacology and Genetics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Herbert Oberacher
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Core Facility Metabolomics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Division of Internal Medicine I, Department of Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexander R Moschen
- Division of Internal Medicine I, Department of Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mucosal Immunology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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182
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Veldhoen M, Blankenhaus B, Konjar Š, Ferreira C. Metabolic wiring of murine T cell and intraepithelial lymphocyte maintenance and activation. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:1430-1440. [PMID: 30043974 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive immunity critically depends on cell migration combined with clonal selection and rapid expansion of rare lymphocytes recognising their cognate antigen in secondary lymphoid organs. It has since become apparent that large populations of T cells are maintained in tissues, which do not migrate throughout the body and do not require clonal expansion. Murine intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs), located in the skin and small intestines, are maintained in a state of semi-activation, in marked contrast to the quiescent condition naive and memory lymphocytes are kept in. The poised activation state of IELs, their location in the top layers of barrier organs and close bidirectional interactions with epithelial cells suggests IELs are part of a sophisticated strategy of immune-surveillance and compartmentalisation of immune responses. Recent murine studies have reemphasised the influence of metabolism in T-cell activation and differentiation, with different metabolic make up of naive, effector and memory T cells. Here we highlight and discuss some of the current insights on immunometabolism of IELs, with emphasis on novel data contrasting how IELs may be maintained in a semi-activated state and may become fully functional compared with conventional T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Veldhoen
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Birte Blankenhaus
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Špela Konjar
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina Ferreira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, Lisbon, Portugal
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Associations of Blood Analysis with Feed Efficiency and Developmental Stage in Grass-Fed Beef Heifers. Animals (Basel) 2018; 8:ani8080133. [PMID: 30072590 PMCID: PMC6116025 DOI: 10.3390/ani8080133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Individual cattle of identical developmental stage vary in their efficiency of feed utilization to achieve a similar productive performance in terms of growth rate and body composition upon accounting for breed, age and gestation stage. Technical issues to measure individual feed intake on the farm limits the identification of feed-efficient cattle. This creates a demand for indirect approaches to infer feed efficiency, such as blood parameters. Our study revealed differences in blood parameters when comparing grass-fed heifers classified as either efficient or inefficient. These differences were also influenced by the developmental stage of the heifers; some blood analytes had distinct relevance to infer about feed efficiency when comparing younger non-pregnant heifers with older and pregnant heifers. In general, improved feed efficiency seems to relate to a lower oxygen carrying capacity. We also provide evidence of associations between indicators of the immune system, blood enzymes and ions and feed efficiency. Additionally, blood analysis presented metabolic differences between non-pregnant heifers with older and pregnant heifers. Blood analysis as a practical measure for feed efficiency has relevance in the nutritional management and genetic improvement of beef cattle, which will contribute to the broad sustainability of beef farming. Abstract Proxies for feed efficiency, such as blood-based indicators, applicable across heifers varying in genetic makeup and developmental state are needed. Assessments of blood analytes and performance were made in heifer calves and pregnant heifers. Residual feed intake, a measure of feed efficiency, was used to categorize each population of heifers as either efficient or inefficient. Efficient heifer calves had lower mean cell hemoglobin, greater lymphocyte count, and fewer segmented neutrophils at the end of the test compared to inefficient calves. Efficient pregnant heifers had greater counts of lymphocytes with fewer segmented neutrophils at the end than inefficient pregnant heifers. Efficient heifer calves exhibited higher specific immunoglobulin M than inefficient calves. Throughout the test, efficient heifer calves had elevated potassium and phosphorus, and reduced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) compared to inefficient heifers. Efficient pregnant heifers showed greater ALP, non-esterified fatty acids and creatinine, but lower cholesterol and globulin than inefficient pregnant heifers. Levels of red and white blood cells, creatine kinase, cholesterol, glucose, potassium and phosphorus were higher in heifer calves compared with pregnant heifers. There is potential for blood analytes as proxies for feed efficiency; however, it is necessary to consider the inherent associations with feed efficiency and heifers’ developmental stage.
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184
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Stubelius A, Sheng W, Lee S, Olejniczak J, Guma M, Almutairi A. Disease-Triggered Drug Release Effectively Prevents Acute Inflammatory Flare-Ups, Achieving Reduced Dosing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1800703. [PMID: 30009516 PMCID: PMC6165597 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201800703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
For conditions with inflammatory flare-ups, fast drug-release from a depot is crucial to reduce cell infiltration and prevent long-term tissue destruction. While this concept has been explored for chronic diseases, preventing acute inflammatory flares has not been explored. To address this issue, a preventative inflammation-sensitive system is developed and applied to acute gout, a condition where millions of inflammatory cells are recruited rapidly, causing excruciating and debilitating pain. Rapid drug release is first demonstrated from a pH-responsive acetalated dextran particle loaded with dexamethasone (AcDex-DXM), reducing proinflammatory cytokines in vitro as efficiently as free drug. Then, using the air pouch model of gout, mice are pretreated 24 h before inducing inflammation. AcDex-DXM reduces overall cell infiltration with decreased neutrophils, increases monocytes, and diminishes cytokines and chemokines. In a more extended prophylaxis model, murine joints are pretreated eight days before initiating inflammation. After quantifying cell infiltration, only AcDex-DXM reduces the overall joint inflammation, where neither free drug nor a conventional drug-depot achieves adequate anti-inflammatory effects. Here, the superior efficacy of disease-triggered drug-delivery to prevent acute inflammation is demonstrated over free drug and slow-release depots. This approach and results promise exciting treatment opportunities for multiple inflammatory conditions suffering from acute flares.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Stubelius
- Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Departments of NanoEngineering and Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Wangzhong Sheng
- Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Departments of NanoEngineering and Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Sangeun Lee
- Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Departments of NanoEngineering and Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jason Olejniczak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Monica Guma
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Adah Almutairi
- Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Departments of NanoEngineering and Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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185
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Abstract
Recent technological advances have provided deeper insights into the role of small molecules in biological processes. Metabolic profiling has thus entered the arena of -omics studies and rapidly proven its value both as stand-alone and as complement to other more advanced approaches, notably transcriptomics. Here we describe the potential of metabolic profiling for vaccinology embedded in the context of infection and immunity. This discussion is preceded by a description of the relevant technical and analytical tools for biological interpretation of metabolic data. Although not as widely applied as other -omics technologies, we believe that metabolic profiling can make important contributions to the better understanding of mechanisms underlying vaccine-induced responses and their effects on the prevention of infection or disease.
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186
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Perspectives on the physiological roles of microRNAs in immune-metabolism: Where are we now? Cancer Lett 2018; 426:1-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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187
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Intravital imaging by simultaneous label-free autofluorescence-multiharmonic microscopy. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2125. [PMID: 29844371 PMCID: PMC5974075 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04470-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravital microscopy (IVM) emerged and matured as a powerful tool for elucidating pathways in biological processes. Although label-free multiphoton IVM is attractive for its non-perturbative nature, its wide application has been hindered, mostly due to the limited contrast of each imaging modality and the challenge to integrate them. Here we introduce simultaneous label-free autofluorescence-multiharmonic (SLAM) microscopy, a single-excitation source nonlinear imaging platform that uses a custom-designed excitation window at 1110 nm and shaped ultrafast pulses at 10 MHz to enable fast (2-orders-of-magnitude improvement), simultaneous, and efficient acquisition of autofluorescence (FAD and NADH) and second/third harmonic generation from a wide array of cellular and extracellular components (e.g., tumor cells, immune cells, vesicles, and vessels) in living tissue using only 14 mW for extended time-lapse investigations. Our work demonstrates the versatility and efficiency of SLAM microscopy for tracking cellular events in vivo, and is a major enabling advance in label-free IVM. Label-free and real-time visualization of the tumor microenvironment is attractive but challenging. Here the authors present an approach for simultaneous autofluorescence functional imaging and second/third harmonic generation imaging of structural features, using a single excitation source.
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188
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Unger K, Mehta KY, Kaur P, Wang Y, Menon SS, Jain SK, Moonjelly RA, Suman S, Datta K, Singh R, Fogel P, Cheema AK. Metabolomics based predictive classifier for early detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:23078-23090. [PMID: 29796173 PMCID: PMC5955422 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of robust classification algorithms for the identification of high risk individuals with resectable disease is critical to improving early detection strategies and ultimately increasing survival rates in PC. We leveraged high quality biospecimens with extensive clinical annotations from patients that received treatment at the Medstar-Georgetown University hospital. We used a high resolution mass spectrometry based global tissue profiling approach in conjunction with multivariate analysis for developing a classification algorithm that would predict early stage PC with high accuracy. The candidate biomarkers were annotated using tandem mass spectrometry. We delineated a six metabolite panel that could discriminate early stage PDAC from benign pancreatic disease with >95% accuracy of classification (Specificity = 0.85, Sensitivity = 0.9). Subsequently, we used multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry for evaluation of this panel in plasma samples obtained from the same patients. The pattern of expression of these metabolites in plasma was found to be discordant as compared to that in tissue. Taken together, our results show the value of using a metabolomics approach for developing highly predictive panels for classification of early stage PDAC. Future investigations will likely lead to the development of validated biomarker panels with potential for clinical translation in conjunction with CA-19-9 and/or other biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Unger
- MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Khyati Y Mehta
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Prabhjit Kaur
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Yiwen Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Biomathematics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Smrithi S Menon
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Shreyans K Jain
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Rose A Moonjelly
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Shubhankar Suman
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Kamal Datta
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Rajbir Singh
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Paul Fogel
- Unité MéDIAN, UMR CNRS 6237 MEDYC, Université de Reims, Reims, France
| | - Amrita K Cheema
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America.,Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
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189
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Lacourt TE, Vichaya EG, Chiu GS, Dantzer R, Heijnen CJ. The High Costs of Low-Grade Inflammation: Persistent Fatigue as a Consequence of Reduced Cellular-Energy Availability and Non-adaptive Energy Expenditure. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:78. [PMID: 29755330 PMCID: PMC5932180 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic or persistent fatigue is a common, debilitating symptom of several diseases. Persistent fatigue has been associated with low-grade inflammation in several models of fatigue, including cancer-related fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome. However, it is unclear how low-grade inflammation leads to the experience of fatigue. We here propose a model of an imbalance in energy availability and energy expenditure as a consequence of low-grade inflammation. In this narrative review, we discuss how chronic low-grade inflammation can lead to reduced cellular-energy availability. Low-grade inflammation induces a metabolic switch from energy-efficient oxidative phosphorylation to fast-acting, but less efficient, aerobic glycolytic energy production; increases reactive oxygen species; and reduces insulin sensitivity. These effects result in reduced glucose availability and, thereby, reduced cellular energy. In addition, emerging evidence suggests that chronic low-grade inflammation is associated with increased willingness to exert effort under specific circumstances. Circadian-rhythm changes and sleep disturbances might mediate the effects of inflammation on cellular-energy availability and non-adaptive energy expenditure. In the second part of the review, we present evidence for these metabolic pathways in models of persistent fatigue, focusing on chronic fatigue syndrome and cancer-related fatigue. Most evidence for reduced cellular-energy availability in relation to fatigue comes from studies on chronic fatigue syndrome. While the mechanistic evidence from the cancer-related fatigue literature is still limited, the sparse results point to reduced cellular-energy availability as well. There is also mounting evidence that behavioral-energy expenditure exceeds the reduced cellular-energy availability in patients with persistent fatigue. This suggests that an inability to adjust energy expenditure to available resources might be one mechanism underlying persistent fatigue.
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190
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Juszczak GR, Stankiewicz AM. Glucocorticoids, genes and brain function. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 82:136-168. [PMID: 29180230 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The identification of key genes in transcriptomic data constitutes a huge challenge. Our review of microarray reports revealed 88 genes whose transcription is consistently regulated by glucocorticoids (GCs), such as cortisol, corticosterone and dexamethasone, in the brain. Replicable transcriptomic data were combined with biochemical and physiological data to create an integrated view of the effects induced by GCs. The most frequently reported genes were Errfi1 and Ddit4. Their up-regulation was associated with the altered transcription of genes regulating growth factor and mTORC1 signaling (Gab1, Tsc22d3, Dusp1, Ndrg2, Ppp5c and Sesn1) and progression of the cell cycle (Ccnd1, Cdkn1a and Cables1). The GC-induced reprogramming of cell function involves changes in the mRNA level of genes responsible for the regulation of transcription (Klf9, Bcl6, Klf15, Tle3, Cxxc5, Litaf, Tle4, Jun, Sox4, Sox2, Sox9, Irf1, Sall2, Nfkbia and Id1) and the selective degradation of mRNA (Tob2). Other genes are involved in the regulation of metabolism (Gpd1, Aldoc and Pdk4), actin cytoskeleton (Myh2, Nedd9, Mical2, Rhou, Arl4d, Osbpl3, Arhgef3, Sdc4, Rdx, Wipf3, Chst1 and Hepacam), autophagy (Eva1a and Plekhf1), vesicular transport (Rhob, Ehd3, Vps37b and Scamp2), gap junctions (Gjb6), immune response (Tiparp, Mertk, Lyve1 and Il6r), signaling mediated by thyroid hormones (Thra and Sult1a1), calcium (Calm2), adrenaline/noradrenaline (Adcy9 and Adra1d), neuropeptide Y (Npy1r) and histamine (Hdc). GCs also affected genes involved in the synthesis of polyamines (Azin1) and taurine (Cdo1). The actions of GCs are restrained by feedback mechanisms depending on the transcription of Sgk1, Fkbp5 and Nr3c1. A side effect induced by GCs is increased production of reactive oxygen species. Available data show that the brain's response to GCs is part of an emergency mode characterized by inactivation of non-core activities, restrained inflammation, restriction of investments (growth), improved efficiency of energy production and the removal of unnecessary or malfunctioning cellular components to conserve energy and maintain nutrient supply during the stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz R Juszczak
- Department of Animal Behavior, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Jastrzebiec, ul. Postepu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland.
| | - Adrian M Stankiewicz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Jastrzebiec, ul. Postepu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
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191
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Kim JH, Frantz AM, Sarver AL, Gorden Klukas BH, Lewellen M, O’Brien TD, Dickerson EB, Modiano JF. Modulation of fatty acid metabolism and immune suppression are features of in vitro tumour sphere formation in ontogenetically distinct dog cancers. Vet Comp Oncol 2018; 16:E176-E184. [PMID: 29152836 PMCID: PMC5821546 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Non-adherent, 3-dimensional sphere formation is used as an in vitro surrogate to evaluate cellular potential for tumour initiation and self-renewal. To determine if a shared molecular program underlies the capacity for sphere formation by cells originating from diverse tumour types, we characterized molecular and functional properties of 10 independent cell lines derived from 3 ontogenetically distinct dog cancers: hemangiosarcoma, osteosarcoma and glial brain tumours. Genome-wide gene expression profiling identified tumour-of-origin-dependent patterns of adjustment to sphere formation in a uniform culture condition. However, expression of the stem/progenitor markers CD34 and CD117, resistance to cytotoxic drugs and dye efflux (side population assays) showed no association with these gene expression profiles. Instead, primary sphere-forming capacity was inversely correlated with the ability to reform secondary spheres, regardless of tumour ontogeny. Primary sphere formation seemed to be proportional to the number of pre-existing cells with sphere-forming capacity in the cell lines. Cell lines where secondary sphere formation was more proficient than primary sphere formation showed enrichment of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis and immunosuppressive cytokines. In contrast, cell lines where secondary sphere formation was approximately equivalent to or less proficient than primary sphere formation showed upregulation of CD40 and enrichment of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation. Our data suggest that in vitro sphere formation is associated with upregulation of gene clusters involved in metabolic and immunosuppressive functions, which might be necessary for self-renewal and for tumour initiation and/or tumour propagation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hyuk Kim
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Aric M. Frantz
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Aaron L. Sarver
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Brandi H. Gorden Klukas
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mitzi Lewellen
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Timothy D. O’Brien
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Erin B. Dickerson
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jaime F. Modiano
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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192
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Lee KA, Cho KC, Kim B, Jang IH, Nam K, Kwon YE, Kim M, Hyeon DY, Hwang D, Seol JH, Lee WJ. Inflammation-Modulated Metabolic Reprogramming Is Required for DUOX-Dependent Gut Immunity in Drosophila. Cell Host Microbe 2018; 23:338-352.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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193
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Halbgebauer R, Schmidt CQ, Karsten CM, Ignatius A, Huber-Lang M. Janus face of complement-driven neutrophil activation during sepsis. Semin Immunol 2018; 37:12-20. [PMID: 29454576 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
During local and systemic inflammation, the complement system and neutrophil granulocytes are activated not only by pathogens, but also by released endogenous danger signals. It is recognized increasingly that complement-mediated neutrophil activation plays an ambivalent role in sepsis pathophysiology. According to the current definition, the onset of organ dysfunction is a hallmark of sepsis. The preceding organ damage can be caused by excessive complement activation and neutrophil actions against the host, resulting in bystander injury of healthy tissue. However, in contrast, persistent and overwhelming inflammation also leads to a reduction in neutrophil responsiveness as well as complement components and thus may render patients at enhanced risk of spreading infection. This review provides an overview on the molecular and cellular processes that link complement with the two-faced functional alterations of neutrophils in sepsis. Finally, we describe novel tools to modulate this interplay beneficially in order to improve outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Halbgebauer
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, Ulm University Hospital, Helmholtzstr. 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - C Q Schmidt
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Helmholtzstr. 20, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - C M Karsten
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Luebeck, Germany.
| | - A Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 14, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - M Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, Ulm University Hospital, Helmholtzstr. 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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194
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Franchina DG, Grusdat M, Brenner D. B-Cell Metabolic Remodeling and Cancer. Trends Cancer 2018; 4:138-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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195
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Linehan MM, Dickey TH, Molinari ES, Fitzgerald ME, Potapova O, Iwasaki A, Pyle AM. A minimal RNA ligand for potent RIG-I activation in living mice. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:e1701854. [PMID: 29492454 PMCID: PMC5821489 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1701854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We have developed highly potent synthetic activators of the vertebrate immune system that specifically target the RIG-I receptor. When introduced into mice, a family of short, triphosphorylated stem-loop RNAs (SLRs) induces a potent interferon response and the activation of specific genes essential for antiviral defense. Using RNA sequencing, we provide the first in vivo genome-wide view of the expression networks that are initiated upon RIG-I activation. We observe that SLRs specifically induce type I interferons, subsets of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), and cellular remodeling factors. By contrast, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)], which binds and activates multiple RNA sensors, induces type III interferons and several unique ISGs. The short length (10 to 14 base pairs) and robust function of SLRs in mice demonstrate that RIG-I forms active signaling complexes without oligomerizing on RNA. These findings demonstrate that SLRs are potent therapeutic and investigative tools for targeted modulation of the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thayne H. Dickey
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Emanuela S. Molinari
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Megan E. Fitzgerald
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Olga Potapova
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Anna M. Pyle
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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196
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Tsai KD, Lee WX, Chen W, Chen BY, Chen KL, Hsiao TC, Wang SH, Lee YJ, Liang SY, Shieh JC, Lin TH. Upregulation of PRMT6 by LPS suppresses Klotho expression through interaction with NF-κB in glomerular mesangial cells. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:3404-3416. [PMID: 29131380 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) released from gram-negative bacteria stimulates immune responses in infected cells. Epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation and protein methylation modulate LPS-induced innate immune gene expressions. Expression of the Klotho protein decreased with LPS treatment in rats. In a cellular model, information regarding the effect of LPS on Klotho expression was meager. In the present study, we demonstrated that LPS triggered global DNA and protein methylation in glomerular mesangial MES-13 cells. LPS upregulated protein expressions of enzymes central to cellular methylation reactions, especially protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) in MES-13 cells. Expression of the Klotho protein was diminished by LPS and was restored by 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-2'-dc), AMI-1, and ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC), but not adenosine aldehyde (AdOx). NF-κB was identified as a substrate for arginine methylation and interacted with PRMT6 in MES-13 cells. Inhibition of PRMT activity by AMI-1 blocked LPS-induced NF-κB nuclear translocation in MES-13 cells. Our data indicate that NF-κB negatively regulated Klotho expression with an interaction with PRMT6, which was upregulated by LPS in MES-13 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuen-Daw Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Beigang Township, Yunlin County, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Minhsiung Township, Chiayi County, Taiwan, Republic of China.,School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Xi Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medical Science and Technology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Bo-Yu Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medical Science and Technology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kuan-Lin Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medical Science and Technology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tzu-Chia Hsiao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medical Science and Technology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Sue-Hong Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medical Science and Technology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ju Lee
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shan-Yuan Liang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medical Science and Technology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jia-Ching Shieh
- School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medical Science and Technology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ting-Hui Lin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medical Science and Technology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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197
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Dumitru C, Kabat AM, Maloy KJ. Metabolic Adaptations of CD4 + T Cells in Inflammatory Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:540. [PMID: 29599783 PMCID: PMC5862799 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A controlled and self-limiting inflammatory reaction generally results in removal of the injurious agent and repair of the damaged tissue. However, in chronic inflammation, immune responses become dysregulated and prolonged, leading to tissue destruction. The role of metabolic reprogramming in orchestrating appropriate immune responses has gained increasing attention in recent years. Proliferation and differentiation of the T cell subsets that are needed to address homeostatic imbalance is accompanied by a series of metabolic adaptations, as T cells traveling from nutrient-rich secondary lymphoid tissues to sites of inflammation experience a dramatic shift in microenvironment conditions. How T cells integrate information about the local environment, such as nutrient availability or oxygen levels, and transfer these signals to functional pathways remains to be fully understood. In this review, we discuss how distinct subsets of CD4+ T cells metabolically adapt to the conditions of inflammation and whether these insights may pave the way to new treatments for human inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Dumitru
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Agnieszka M. Kabat
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Kevin J. Maloy
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Kevin J. Maloy,
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198
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Li W, Sivakumar R, Titov AA, Choi SC, Morel L. Metabolic Factors that Contribute to Lupus Pathogenesis. Crit Rev Immunol 2017; 36:75-98. [PMID: 27480903 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2016017164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease in which organ damage is mediated by pathogenic autoantibodies directed against nucleic acids and protein complexes. Studies in SLE patients and in mouse models of lupus have implicated virtually every cell type in the immune system in the induction or amplification of the autoimmune response as well as the promotion of an inflammatory environment that aggravates tissue injury. Here, we review the contribution of CD4+ T cells, B cells, and myeloid cells to lupus pathogenesis and then discuss alterations in the metabolism of these cells that may contribute to disease, given the recent advances in the field of immunometabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Ramya Sivakumar
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Anton A Titov
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Seung-Chul Choi
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Laurence Morel
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
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199
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Tilkemeier PL, Bourque J, Doukky R, Sanghani R, Weinberg RL. ASNC imaging guidelines for nuclear cardiology procedures : Standardized reporting of nuclear cardiology procedures. J Nucl Cardiol 2017; 24:2064-2128. [PMID: 28916938 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-017-1057-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jamieson Bourque
- Division of Cardiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Rami Doukky
- Division of Cardiology, Cook County Health and Hospitals System, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rupa Sanghani
- Division of Cardiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Richard L Weinberg
- Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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200
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Metallothioneins: Emerging Modulators in Immunity and Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102197. [PMID: 29065550 PMCID: PMC5666878 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are a family of metal-binding proteins virtually expressed in all organisms including prokaryotes, lower eukaryotes, invertebrates and mammals. These proteins regulate homeostasis of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu), mitigate heavy metal poisoning, and alleviate superoxide stress. In recent years, MTs have emerged as an important, yet largely underappreciated, component of the immune system. Innate and adaptive immune cells regulate MTs in response to stress stimuli, cytokine signals and microbial challenge. Modulation of MTs in these cells in turn regulates metal ion release, transport and distribution, cellular redox status, enzyme function and cell signaling. While it is well established that the host strictly regulates availability of metal ions during microbial pathogenesis, we are only recently beginning to unravel the interplay between metal-regulatory pathways and immunological defenses. In this perspective, investigation of mechanisms that leverage the potential of MTs to orchestrate inflammatory responses and antimicrobial defenses has gained momentum. The purpose of this review, therefore, is to illumine the role of MTs in immune regulation. We discuss the mechanisms of MT induction and signaling in immune cells and explore the therapeutic potential of the MT-Zn axis in bolstering immune defenses against pathogens.
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