151
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Kim C, Juncker M, Reed R, Haas A, Guidry J, Matunis M, Yang WC, Schwartzenburg J, Desai S. SUMOylation of mitofusins: A potential mechanism for perinuclear mitochondrial congression in cells treated with mitochondrial stressors. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166104. [PMID: 33617988 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Depolarized/damaged mitochondria aggregate at the perinuclear region prior to mitophagy in cells treated with mitochondrial stressors. However, the cellular mechanism(s) by which damaged mitochondria are transported and remain aggregated at the perinuclear region is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that mitofusins (Mfn1/2) are post-translationally modified by SUMO2 (Small Ubiquitin-related Modifier 2) in Human embryonic kidney 293 (Hek293) cells treated with protonophore CCCP and proteasome inhibitor MG132, both known mitochondrial stressors. SUMOylation of Mfn1/2 is not for their proteasomal degradation but facilitate mitochondrial congression at the perinuclear region in CCCP- and MG132-treated cells. Additionally, congressed mitochondria (mito-aggresomes) colocalize with LC3, ubiquitin, and SUMO2 in CCCP-treated cells. Knowing that SUMO functions as a "molecular glue" to facilitate protein-protein interactions, we propose that SUMOylation of Mfn1/2 may congress, glues, and confines damaged mitochondria to the perinuclear region thereby, protectively quarantining them from the heathy mitochondrial network until their removal via mitophagy in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC-School of Medicine, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Meredith Juncker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC-School of Medicine, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Ryan Reed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC-School of Medicine, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Arthur Haas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC-School of Medicine, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Jessie Guidry
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC-School of Medicine, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Michael Matunis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Wei-Chih Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Joshua Schwartzenburg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC-School of Medicine, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Shyamal Desai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC-School of Medicine, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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152
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Mitochondrial hyperfusion: a friend or a foe. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:631-644. [PMID: 32219382 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cellular mitochondrial population undergoes repeated cycles of fission and fusion to maintain its integrity, as well as overall cellular homeostasis. While equilibrium usually exists between the fission-fusion dynamics, their rates are influenced by organellar and cellular metabolic and pathogenic conditions. Under conditions of cellular stress, there is a disruption of this fission and fusion balance and mitochondria undergo either increased fusion, forming a hyperfused meshwork or excessive fission to counteract stress and remove damaged mitochondria via mitophagy. While some previous reports suggest that hyperfusion is initiated to ameliorate cellular stress, recent studies show its negative impact on cellular health in disease conditions. The exact mechanism of mitochondrial hyperfusion and its role in maintaining cellular health and homeostasis, however, remain unclear. In this review, we aim to highlight the different aspects of mitochondrial hyperfusion in either promoting or mitigating stress and also its role in immunity and diseases.
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153
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Misrani A, Tabassum S, Yang L. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:617588. [PMID: 33679375 PMCID: PMC7930231 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.617588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a pivotal role in bioenergetics and respiratory functions, which are essential for the numerous biochemical processes underpinning cell viability. Mitochondrial morphology changes rapidly in response to external insults and changes in metabolic status via fission and fusion processes (so-called mitochondrial dynamics) that maintain mitochondrial quality and homeostasis. Damaged mitochondria are removed by a process known as mitophagy, which involves their degradation by a specific autophagosomal pathway. Over the last few years, remarkable efforts have been made to investigate the impact on the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) of various forms of mitochondrial dysfunction, such as excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial Ca2+ dyshomeostasis, loss of ATP, and defects in mitochondrial dynamics and transport, and mitophagy. Recent research suggests that restoration of mitochondrial function by physical exercise, an antioxidant diet, or therapeutic approaches can delay the onset and slow the progression of AD. In this review, we focus on recent progress that highlights the crucial role of alterations in mitochondrial function and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of AD, emphasizing a framework of existing and potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afzal Misrani
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sidra Tabassum
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
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154
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Shiiba I, Takeda K, Nagashima S, Ito N, Tokuyama T, Yamashita SI, Kanki T, Komatsu T, Urano Y, Fujikawa Y, Inatome R, Yanagi S. MITOL promotes cell survival by degrading Parkin during mitophagy. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e49097. [PMID: 33565245 PMCID: PMC7926225 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201949097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkin promotes cell survival by removing damaged mitochondria via mitophagy. However, although some studies have suggested that Parkin induces cell death, the regulatory mechanism underlying the dual role of Parkin remains unknown. Herein, we report that mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase (MITOL/MARCH5) regulates Parkin‐mediated cell death through the FKBP38‐dependent dynamic translocation from the mitochondria to the ER during mitophagy. Mechanistically, MITOL mediates ubiquitination of Parkin at lysine 220 residue, which promotes its proteasomal degradation, and thereby fine‐tunes mitophagy by controlling the quantity of Parkin. Deletion of MITOL leads to accumulation of the phosphorylated active form of Parkin in the ER, resulting in FKBP38 degradation and enhanced cell death. Thus, we have shown that MITOL blocks Parkin‐induced cell death, at least partially, by protecting FKBP38 from Parkin. Our findings unveil the regulation of the dual function of Parkin and provide a novel perspective on the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isshin Shiiba
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Takeda
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun Nagashima
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Ito
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tokuyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Yamashita
- Department of Cellular Physiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tomotake Kanki
- Department of Cellular Physiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Toru Komatsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Urano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) Investigator, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuuta Fujikawa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoko Inatome
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yanagi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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155
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Relevance of Autophagy and Mitophagy Dynamics and Markers in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020149. [PMID: 33557057 PMCID: PMC7913851 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past few decades, considerable efforts have been made to discover and validate new molecular mechanisms and biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases. Recent discoveries have demonstrated how autophagy and its specialized form mitophagy are extensively associated with the development, maintenance, and progression of several neurodegenerative diseases. These mechanisms play a pivotal role in the homeostasis of neural cells and are responsible for the clearance of intracellular aggregates and misfolded proteins and the turnover of organelles, in particular, mitochondria. In this review, we summarize recent advances describing the importance of autophagy and mitophagy in neurodegenerative diseases, with particular attention given to multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. We also review how elements involved in autophagy and mitophagy may represent potential biomarkers for these common neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we examine the possibility that the modulation of autophagic and mitophagic mechanisms may be an innovative strategy for overcoming neurodegenerative conditions. A deeper knowledge of autophagic and mitophagic mechanisms could facilitate diagnosis and prognostication as well as accelerate the development of therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.
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156
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Huang C, Bian J, Cao Q, Chen XM, Pollock CA. The Mitochondrial Kinase PINK1 in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041525. [PMID: 33546409 PMCID: PMC7913536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are critical organelles that play a key role in cellular metabolism, survival, and homeostasis. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease. The function of mitochondria is critically regulated by several mitochondrial protein kinases, including the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-induced kinase 1 (PINK1). The focus of PINK1 research has been centered on neuronal diseases. Recent studies have revealed a close link between PINK1 and many other diseases including kidney diseases. This review will provide a concise summary of PINK1 and its regulation of mitochondrial function in health and disease. The physiological role of PINK1 in the major cells involved in diabetic kidney disease including proximal tubular cells and podocytes will also be summarized. Collectively, these studies suggested that targeting PINK1 may offer a promising alternative for the treatment of diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Huang
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (C.A.P.); Tel.: +61-2-9926-4784 (C.H.); +61-2-9926-4652 (C.A.P.)
| | | | | | | | - Carol A. Pollock
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (C.A.P.); Tel.: +61-2-9926-4784 (C.H.); +61-2-9926-4652 (C.A.P.)
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157
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Choi SH, Agatisa-Boyle C, Gonen A, Kim A, Kim J, Alekseeva E, Tsimikas S, Miller YI. Intracellular AIBP (Apolipoprotein A-I Binding Protein) Regulates Oxidized LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein)-Induced Mitophagy in Macrophages. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:e82-e96. [PMID: 33356389 PMCID: PMC8105271 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Atherosclerotic lesions are often characterized by accumulation of OxLDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein), which is associated with vascular inflammation and lesion vulnerability to rupture. Extracellular AIBP (apolipoprotein A-I binding protein; encoded by APOA1BP gene), when secreted, promotes cholesterol efflux and regulates lipid rafts dynamics, but its role as an intracellular protein in mammalian cells remains unknown. The aim of this work was to determine the function of intracellular AIBP in macrophages exposed to OxLDL and in atherosclerotic lesions. Approach and Results: Using a novel monoclonal antibody against human and mouse AIBP, which are highly homologous, we demonstrated robust AIBP expression in human and mouse atherosclerotic lesions. We observed significantly reduced autophagy in bone marrow-derived macrophages, isolated from Apoa1bp-/- compared with wild-type mice, which were exposed to OxLDL. In atherosclerotic lesions from Apoa1bp-/- mice subjected to Ldlr knockdown and fed a Western diet, autophagy was reduced, whereas apoptosis was increased, when compared with that in wild-type mice. AIBP expression was necessary for efficient control of reactive oxygen species and cell death and for mitochondria quality control in macrophages exposed to OxLDL. Mitochondria-localized AIBP, via its N-terminal domain, associated with E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase PARK2 (Parkin), MFN (mitofusin)1, and MFN2, but not BNIP3 (Bcl2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa-interacting protein-3), and regulated ubiquitination of MFN1 and MFN2, key components of mitophagy. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that intracellular AIBP is a new regulator of autophagy in macrophages. Mitochondria-localized AIBP augments mitophagy and participates in mitochondria quality control, protecting macrophages against cell death in the context of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Ho Choi
- Department of Medicine University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Colin Agatisa-Boyle
- Department of Medicine University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Ayelet Gonen
- Department of Medicine University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Alisa Kim
- Department of Medicine University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Jungsu Kim
- Department of Medicine University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Elena Alekseeva
- Department of Medicine University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Sotirios Tsimikas
- Department of Medicine University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Yury I. Miller
- Department of Medicine University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
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158
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Schiavon CR, Shadel GS, Manor U. Impaired Mitochondrial Mobility in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:624823. [PMID: 33598463 PMCID: PMC7882694 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.624823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a progressive, peripheral neuropathy and the most commonly inherited neurological disorder. Clinical manifestations of CMT mutations are typically limited to peripheral neurons, the longest cells in the body. Currently, mutations in at least 80 different genes are associated with CMT and new mutations are regularly being discovered. A large portion of the proteins mutated in axonal CMT have documented roles in mitochondrial mobility, suggesting that organelle trafficking defects may be a common underlying disease mechanism. This review will focus on the potential role of altered mitochondrial mobility in the pathogenesis of axonal CMT, highlighting the conceptional challenges and potential experimental and therapeutic opportunities presented by this "impaired mobility" model of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara R. Schiavon
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Gerald S. Shadel
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Uri Manor
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States
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159
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Trombetta-Lima M, Sabogal-Guáqueta AM, Dolga AM. Mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases: A focus on iPSC-derived neuronal models. Cell Calcium 2021; 94:102362. [PMID: 33540322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Progressive neuronal loss is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. These pathologies exhibit clear signs of inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, calcium deregulation, and accumulation of aggregated or misfolded proteins. Over the last decades, a tremendous research effort has contributed to define some of the pathological mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative processes in these complex brain neurodegenerative disorders. To better understand molecular mechanisms responsible for neurodegenerative processes and find potential interventions and pharmacological treatments, it is important to have robust in vitro and pre-clinical animal models that can recapitulate both the early biological events undermining the maintenance of the nervous system and early pathological events. In this regard, it would be informative to determine how different inherited pathogenic mutations can compromise mitochondrial function, calcium signaling, and neuronal survival. Since post-mortem analyses cannot provide relevant information about the disease progression, it is crucial to develop model systems that enable the investigation of early molecular changes, which may be relevant as targets for novel therapeutic options. Thus, the use of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represents an exceptional complementary tool for the investigation of degenerative processes. In this review, we will focus on two neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. We will provide examples of iPSC-derived neuronal models and how they have been used to study calcium and mitochondrial alterations during neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Trombetta-Lima
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Angélica María Sabogal-Guáqueta
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Amalia M Dolga
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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160
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Ren K, Feng L, Sun S, Zhuang X. Plant Mitophagy in Comparison to Mammals: What Is Still Missing? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1236. [PMID: 33513816 PMCID: PMC7865480 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial homeostasis refers to the balance of mitochondrial number and quality in a cell. It is maintained by mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial fusion/fission, and the clearance of unwanted/damaged mitochondria. Mitophagy represents a selective form of autophagy by sequestration of the potentially harmful mitochondrial materials into a double-membrane autophagosome, thus preventing the release of death inducers, which can trigger programmed cell death (PCD). Recent advances have also unveiled a close interconnection between mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics, as well as PCD in both mammalian and plant cells. In this review, we will summarize and discuss recent findings on the interplay between mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics, with a focus on the molecular evidence for mitophagy crosstalk with mitochondrial dynamics and PCD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiaohong Zhuang
- Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (K.R.); (L.F.); (S.S.)
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161
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Hoogerheide DP, Rostovtseva TK, Jacobs D, Gurnev PA, Bezrukov SM. Tunable Electromechanical Nanopore Trap Reveals Populations of Peripheral Membrane Protein Binding Conformations. ACS NANO 2021; 15:989-1001. [PMID: 33369404 PMCID: PMC9019845 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that a naturally occurring nanopore, the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) of the mitochondrion, can be used to electromechanically trap and interrogate proteins bound to a lipid surface at the single-molecule level. Electromechanically probing α-synuclein (αSyn), an intrinsically disordered neuronal protein intimately associated with Parkinson's pathology, reveals wide variation in the time required for individual proteins to unbind from the same membrane surface. The observed distributions of unbinding times span up to 3 orders of magnitude and depend strongly on the lipid composition of the membrane; surprisingly, lipid membranes to which αSyn binds weakly are most likely to contain subpopulations in which electromechanically driven unbinding is very slow. We conclude that unbinding of αSyn from the membrane surface depends not only on membrane binding affinity but also on the conformation adopted by an individual αSyn molecule on the membrane surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P. Hoogerheide
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
- Corresponding author:
| | - Tatiana K. Rostovtseva
- Section on Molecular Transport, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Daniel Jacobs
- Section on Molecular Transport, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Philip A. Gurnev
- Section on Molecular Transport, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Sergey M. Bezrukov
- Section on Molecular Transport, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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162
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Kamienieva I, Duszyński J, Szczepanowska J. Multitasking guardian of mitochondrial quality: Parkin function and Parkinson's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2021; 10:5. [PMID: 33468256 PMCID: PMC7816312 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-020-00229-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The familial form of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is linked to mutations in specific genes. The mutations in parkin are one of the most common causes of early-onset PD. Mitochondrial dysfunction is an emerging active player in the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases, because mitochondria are highly dynamic structures integrated with many cellular functions. Herein, we overview and discuss the role of the parkin protein product, Parkin E3 ubiquitin ligase, in the cellular processes related to mitochondrial function, and how parkin mutations can result in pathology in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Kamienieva
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Duszyński
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Szczepanowska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
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163
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Doxaki C, Palikaras K. Neuronal Mitophagy: Friend or Foe? Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:611938. [PMID: 33537304 PMCID: PMC7848077 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.611938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of neuronal homeostasis is a challenging task, due to unique cellular organization and bioenergetic demands of post-mitotic neurons. It is increasingly appreciated that impairment of mitochondrial homeostasis represents an early sign of neuronal dysfunction that is common in both age-related neurodegenerative as well as in neurodevelopmental disorders. Mitochondrial selective autophagy, known as mitophagy, regulates mitochondrial number ensuring cellular adaptation in response to several intracellular and environmental stimuli. Mounting evidence underlines that deregulation of mitophagy levels has an instructive role in the process of neurodegeneration. Although mitophagy induction mediates the elimination of damaged mitochondria and confers neuroprotection, uncontrolled runaway mitophagy could reduce mitochondrial content overstressing the remaining organelles and eventually triggering neuronal cell death. Unveiling the molecular mechanisms of neuronal mitophagy and its intricate role in neuronal survival and cell death, will assist in the development of novel mitophagy modulators to promote cellular and organismal homeostasis in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Konstantinos Palikaras
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Crete, Greece
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164
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Zhao H, Lin J, Sieck G, Haddad GG. Neuroprotective Role of Akt in Hypoxia Adaptation in Andeans. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:607711. [PMID: 33519361 PMCID: PMC7843528 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.607711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic mountain sickness (CMS) is a disease that potentially threatens a large segment of high-altitude populations during extended living at altitudes above 2,500 m. Patients with CMS suffer from severe hypoxemia, excessive erythrocytosis and neurologic deficits. The cellular mechanisms underlying CMS neuropathology remain unknown. We previously showed that iPSC-derived CMS neurons have altered mitochondrial dynamics and increased susceptibility to hypoxia-induced cell death. Genome analysis from the same population identified many ER stress-related genes that play an important role in hypoxia adaptation or lack thereof. In the current study, we showed that iPSC-derived CMS neurons have increased expression of ER stress markers Grp78 and XBP1s under normoxia and hyperphosphorylation of PERK under hypoxia, alleviating ER stress does not rescue the hypoxia-induced CMS neuronal cell death. Akt is a cytosolic regulator of ER stress with PERK as a direct target of Akt. CMS neurons exhibited lack of Akt activation and lack of increased Parkin expression as compared to non-CMS neurons under hypoxia. By enhancing Akt activation and Parkin overexpression, hypoxia-induced CMS neuronal cell death was reduced. Taken together, we propose that increased Akt activation protects non-CMS from hypoxia-induced cell death. In contrast, impaired adaptive mechanisms including failure to activate Akt and increase Parkin expression render CMS neurons more susceptible to hypoxia-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics (Respiratory Medicine), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan Lin
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Gary Sieck
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Gabriel G. Haddad
- Department of Pediatrics (Respiratory Medicine), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- The Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, CA, United States
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165
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Anton A, Mazeaud C, Freppel W, Gilbert C, Tremblay N, Sow AA, Roy M, Rodrigue-Gervais IG, Chatel-Chaix L. Valosin-containing protein ATPase activity regulates the morphogenesis of Zika virus replication organelles and virus-induced cell death. Cell Microbiol 2021; 23:e13302. [PMID: 33432690 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
With no available therapies, infections with Zika virus (ZIKV) constitute a major public health concern as they can lead to congenital microcephaly. In order to generate an intracellular environment favourable to viral replication, ZIKV induces endomembrane remodelling and the morphogenesis of replication factories via enigmatic mechanisms. In this study, we identified the AAA+ type ATPase valosin-containing protein (VCP) as a cellular interaction partner of ZIKV non-structural protein 4B (NS4B). Importantly, its pharmacological inhibition as well as the expression of a VCP dominant-negative mutant impaired ZIKV replication. In infected cells, VCP is relocalised to large ultrastructures containing both NS4B and NS3, which are reminiscent of dengue virus convoluted membranes. Moreover, short treatment with the VCP inhibitors NMS-873 or CB-5083 drastically decreased the abundance and size of ZIKV-induced convoluted membranes. Furthermore, NMS-873 treatment inhibited ZIKV-induced mitochondria elongation previously reported to be physically and functionally linked to convoluted membranes in case of the closely related dengue virus. Finally, VCP inhibition resulted in enhanced apoptosis of ZIKV-infected cells strongly suggesting that convoluted membranes limit virus-induced cytopathic effects. Altogether, this study identifies VCP as a host factor required for ZIKV life cycle and more precisely, for the maintenance of viral replication factories. Our data further support a model in which convoluted membranes regulate ZIKV life cycle by impacting on mitochondrial functions and ZIKV-induced death signals in order to create a cytoplasmic environment favourable to viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Anton
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Clément Mazeaud
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Wesley Freppel
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Claudia Gilbert
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Tremblay
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Aïssatou Aïcha Sow
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie Roy
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Ian Gaël Rodrigue-Gervais
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Laurent Chatel-Chaix
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, Québec, Canada.,Center of Excellence in Research on Orphan Diseases-Courtois Foundation (CERMO-FC), Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Réseau Intersectoriel de Recherche en Santé de l'Université du Québec (RISUQ), Québec, Canada
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166
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Inflammation-Induced Protein Unfolding in Airway Smooth Muscle Triggers a Homeostatic Response in Mitochondria. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010363. [PMID: 33396378 PMCID: PMC7795579 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of airway inflammation on airway smooth muscle (ASM) are mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). In this review article, we will provide a unifying hypothesis for a homeostatic response to airway inflammation that mitigates oxidative stress and thereby provides resilience to ASM. Previous studies have shown that acute exposure to TNFα increases ASM force generation in response to muscarinic stimulation (hyper-reactivity) resulting in increased ATP consumption and increased tension cost. To meet this increased energetic demand, mitochondrial O2 consumption and oxidative phosphorylation increases but at the cost of increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (oxidative stress). TNFα-induced oxidative stress results in the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria of ASM. In the ER, TNFα selectively phosphorylates inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha (pIRE1α) triggering downstream splicing of the transcription factor X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1s); thus, activating the pIRE1α/XBP1s ER stress pathway. Protein unfolding in mitochondria also triggers an unfolded protein response (mtUPR). In our conceptual framework, we hypothesize that activation of these pathways is homeostatically directed towards mitochondrial remodeling via an increase in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α) expression, which in turn triggers: (1) mitochondrial fragmentation (increased dynamin-related protein-1 (Drp1) and reduced mitofusin-2 (Mfn2) expression) and mitophagy (activation of the Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin mitophagy pathway) to improve mitochondrial quality; (2) reduced Mfn2 also results in a disruption of mitochondrial tethering to the ER and reduced mitochondrial Ca2+ influx; and (3) mitochondrial biogenesis and increased mitochondrial volume density. The homeostatic remodeling of mitochondria results in more efficient O2 consumption and oxidative phosphorylation and reduced ROS formation by individual mitochondrion, while still meeting the increased ATP demand. Thus, the energetic load of hyper-reactivity is shared across the mitochondrial pool within ASM cells.
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167
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Ali M, Boosi Narayana Rao K, Majumder P, Sarkar R, Mapa K. Alterations in inter-organelle crosstalk and Ca 2+ signaling through mitochondria during proteotoxic stresses. Mitochondrion 2020; 57:37-46. [PMID: 33340711 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biogenesis and function of mitochondria is profoundly dependent on cytosolic translation of mitochondrial pre-proteins and its subsequent translocation and folding inside the organelle. Continuous exposure of non-native precursor proteins, exposure to damaging by-products of oxidative phosphorylation, load of mis-targeted or misfolded proteins from neighbouring compartments and unremitting demand of communication between mitochondrial and nuclear genomes, continuously pose proteotoxic threats to the organelle. Our knowledge of cellular mechanisms to cope up with such impending threat of proteotoxicity to mitochondria, is currently evolving. In recent years, several unique response and survival pathways have been discovered shedding light on cellular strategies to cope with stressed and dysfunctional mitochondria. As mitochondria compulsorily communicate with nucleus, cytosol and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for its own biogenesis and function and in turn maintain critical cellular processes for survival, any impairment in communication by stressed or dysfunctional mitochondria may end up with fatal consequences. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATION In this review, we have discussed about possible sources of mitochondrial proteotoxicity and the recent developments regarding cellular strategies to counter such stress to overcome dysfunctions of the organelle. Mitochondrial communication with neighbouring subcellular compartments like ER and cytosol during proteotoxic stress have been explored. In the context of mitochondrial proteotoxicity, alterations of crucial inter-organelle connections like ER-mitochondria contact sites and its implication on mitochondrial signaling activity like Ca2+ signaling have been dissected. Furthermore, an overview of pathological conditions, mainly neurodegenerative disorders that are known to be associated with mitochondrial proteotoxicity and Ca2+ dysregulation has been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudassar Ali
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Kannan Boosi Narayana Rao
- Proteomics and Structural Biology Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-HRDG, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Priyanka Majumder
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Rajasri Sarkar
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Koyeli Mapa
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-HRDG, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India.
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168
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Sun Y, Ding S. ER-Mitochondria Contacts and Insulin Resistance Modulation through Exercise Intervention. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249587. [PMID: 33339212 PMCID: PMC7765572 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) makes physical contacts with mitochondria at specific sites, and the hubs between the two organelles are called mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs). MAMs are known to play key roles in biological processes, such as intracellular Ca2+ regulation, lipid trafficking, and metabolism, as well as cell death, etc. Studies demonstrated that dysregulation of MAMs significantly contributed to insulin resistance. Alterations of MAMs’ juxtaposition and integrity, impaired expressions of insulin signaling molecules, disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis, and compromised metabolic flexibility are all actively involved in the above processes. In addition, exercise training is considered as an effective stimulus to ameliorate insulin resistance. Although the underlying mechanisms for exercise-induced improvement in insulin resistance are not fully understood, MAMs may be critical for the beneficial effects of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shuzhe Ding
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Correspondence:
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169
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Mitophagy in Parkinson's Disease: From Mechanism to Therapy. Trends Biochem Sci 2020; 46:329-343. [PMID: 33323315 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been associated with neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD) for over 30 years. Despite this, the role of mitochondrial dysfunction as an initiator, propagator, or bystander remains undetermined. The discovery of the role of the PD familial genes PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and parkin (PRKN) in mediating mitochondrial degradation (mitophagy) reaffirmed the importance of this process in PD aetiology. Recently, progress has been made in understanding the upstream and downstream regulators of canonical PINK1/parkin-mediated mitophagy, alongside noncanonical PINK1/parkin mitophagy, in response to mitochondrial damage. Progress has also been made in understanding the role of PD-associated genes, such as SNCA, LRRK2, and CHCHD2, in mitochondrial dysfunction and their overlap with sporadic PD (sPD), opening opportunities for therapeutically targeting mitochondria in PD.
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170
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Garcia BM, Machado TS, Carvalho KF, Nolasco P, Nociti RP, Del Collado M, Capo Bianco MJD, Grejo MP, Augusto Neto JD, Sugiyama FHC, Tostes K, Pandey AK, Gonçalves LM, Perecin F, Meirelles FV, Ferraz JBS, Vanzela EC, Boschero AC, Guimarães FEG, Abdulkader F, Laurindo FRM, Kowaltowski AJ, Chiaratti MR. Mice born to females with oocyte-specific deletion of mitofusin 2 have increased weight gain and impaired glucose homeostasis. Mol Hum Reprod 2020; 26:938-952. [PMID: 33118034 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaaa071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Offspring born to obese and diabetic mothers are prone to metabolic diseases, a phenotype that has been linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in oocytes. In addition, metabolic diseases impact the architecture and function of mitochondria-ER contact sites (MERCs), changes which associate with mitofusin 2 (MFN2) repression in muscle, liver and hypothalamic neurons. MFN2 is a potent modulator of mitochondrial metabolism and insulin signaling, with a key role in mitochondrial dynamics and tethering with the ER. Here, we investigated whether offspring born to mice with MFN2-deficient oocytes are prone to obesity and diabetes. Deletion of Mfn2 in oocytes resulted in a profound transcriptomic change, with evidence of impaired mitochondrial and ER function. Moreover, offspring born to females with oocyte-specific deletion of Mfn2 presented increased weight gain and glucose intolerance. This abnormal phenotype was linked to decreased insulinemia and defective insulin signaling, but not mitochondrial and ER defects in offspring liver and skeletal muscle. In conclusion, this study suggests a link between disrupted mitochondrial/ER function in oocytes and increased risk of metabolic diseases in the progeny. Future studies should determine whether MERC architecture and function are altered in oocytes from obese females, which might contribute toward transgenerational transmission of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna M Garcia
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Thiago S Machado
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Anatomia dos Animais Domésticos e Silvestres, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Karen F Carvalho
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Nolasco
- Translational Cardiovascular Biology Unit, Instituto do Coração, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-904, Brazil
| | - Ricardo P Nociti
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Maite Del Collado
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Maria J D Capo Bianco
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Mateus P Grejo
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil
| | - José Djaci Augusto Neto
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Fabrícia H C Sugiyama
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Katiane Tostes
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Anand K Pandey
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil.,Departament of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Luciana M Gonçalves
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-865, Brazil
| | - Felipe Perecin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Anatomia dos Animais Domésticos e Silvestres, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil.,Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Flávio V Meirelles
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Anatomia dos Animais Domésticos e Silvestres, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil.,Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - José Bento S Ferraz
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Emerielle C Vanzela
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-865, Brazil
| | - Antônio C Boschero
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-865, Brazil
| | - Francisco E G Guimarães
- Departamento de Física e Ciências dos Materiais, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Fernando Abdulkader
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Francisco R M Laurindo
- Translational Cardiovascular Biology Unit, Instituto do Coração, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-904, Brazil
| | - Alicia J Kowaltowski
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Marcos R Chiaratti
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Anatomia dos Animais Domésticos e Silvestres, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
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171
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Alsayyah C, Ozturk O, Cavellini L, Belgareh-Touzé N, Cohen MM. The regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis by the ubiquitin proteasome system. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148302. [PMID: 32861697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
From mitochondrial quality control pathways to the regulation of specific functions, the Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS) could be compared to a Swiss knife without which mitochondria could not maintain its integrity in the cell. Here, we review the mechanisms that the UPS employs to regulate mitochondrial function and efficiency. For this purpose, we depict how Ubiquitin and the Proteasome participate in diverse quality control pathways that safeguard entry into the mitochondrial compartment. A focus is then achieved on the UPS-mediated control of the yeast mitofusin Fzo1 which provides insights into the complex regulation of this particular protein in mitochondrial fusion. We ultimately dissect the mechanisms by which the UPS controls the degradation of mitochondria by autophagy in both mammalian and yeast systems. This organization should offer a useful overview of this abundant but fascinating literature on the crosstalks between mitochondria and the UPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Alsayyah
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR8226, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Oznur Ozturk
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR8226, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Cavellini
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR8226, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Naïma Belgareh-Touzé
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR8226, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Mickael M Cohen
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR8226, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, F-75005 Paris, France.
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172
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Lin TK, Lin KJ, Lin KL, Liou CW, Chen SD, Chuang YC, Wang PW, Chuang JH, Wang TJ. When Friendship Turns Sour: Effective Communication Between Mitochondria and Intracellular Organelles in Parkinson's Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:607392. [PMID: 33330511 PMCID: PMC7733999 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.607392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease with pathological hallmarks including progressive neuronal loss from the substantia nigra pars compacta and α-synuclein intraneuronal inclusions, known as Lewy bodies. Although the etiology of PD remains elusive, mitochondrial damage has been established to take center stage in the pathogenesis of PD. Mitochondria are critical to cellular energy production, metabolism, homeostasis, and stress responses; the association with PD emphasizes the importance of maintenance of mitochondrial network integrity. To accomplish the pleiotropic functions, mitochondria are dynamic not only within their own network but also in orchestrated coordination with other organelles in the cellular community. Through physical contact sites, signal transduction, and vesicle transport, mitochondria and intracellular organelles achieve the goals of calcium homeostasis, redox homeostasis, protein homeostasis, autophagy, and apoptosis. Herein, we review the finely tuned interactions between mitochondria and surrounding intracellular organelles, with focus on the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, and lysosomes. Participants that may contribute to the pathogenic mechanisms of PD will be highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsu-Kung Lin
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center of Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Jung Lin
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Lieh Lin
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Liou
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center of Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Der Chen
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center of Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chung Chuang
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center of Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Metabolism, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jiin-Haur Chuang
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Jou Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatric, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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173
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Sun C, Wu X, Bai HX, Wang C, Liu Z, Yang C, Lu Y, Jiang P. OPA1 haploinsufficiency due to a novel splicing variant resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction without mitochondrial DNA depletion. Ophthalmic Genet 2020; 42:45-52. [PMID: 33251885 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2020.1849313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: To identify and investigate the effects of a novel splicing variant, c.1444-2A>C of OPA1, on its transcript, translation, and mitochondrial function, which was found in an 8-year-old patient with dominantly inherited optic atrophy (DOA). Materials and Methods: The clinical evaluations were performed at the Eye Center. Lymphoblast cell lines were generated from the patient, mother, and a normal control with the same haplotype of mitochondrial genome. The novel variant was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The splicing alteration of cDNA was checked by both Sanger sequencing and agarose gel. OPA1 expression was carried out by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Transmission electron microscopy was used for mitochondrial morphology. Mitochondrial functions, including the rates of oxygen consumption, ATP generation, ROS product and membrane potential were assayed in lymphoblast cells. Results: The novel OPA1 splicing variant, c.1444-2A>C, led to a deletion of the 15th exon in mRNA transcript. Approximately 50% reduction of mRNA and protein expression was present in mutant cells as compared with controls. No marked depletion of mtDNA nor mitochondrial mass was caused by the splicing variant. However, defects that the impaired capacity of OXPHOS, reduced ATP generation, increased ROS and decreased membrane potential were observed in the mutant cells, which promoted a ubiquitin-binding mitophagy instead of apoptosis. Conclusions: The novel splicing variant, c.1444-2A>C resulted in OPA1 haploinsufficiency effect on its expression and mitochondrial function without mtDNA depletion. Our findings may provide new insights into the understanding of pathophysiology of DOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanbin Sun
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, the Children's Hospitals, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health , Hangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Xia Bai
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenghui Wang
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, the Children's Hospitals, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health , Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital , Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenxi Yang
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, the Children's Hospitals, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health , Hangzhou, China
| | - Yijun Lu
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, the Children's Hospitals, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health , Hangzhou, China
| | - Pingping Jiang
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, the Children's Hospitals, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health , Hangzhou, China
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174
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Roberts RF, Bayne AN, Goiran T, Lévesque D, Boisvert FM, Trempe JF, Fon EA. Proteomic Profiling of Mitochondrial-Derived Vesicles in Brain Reveals Enrichment of Respiratory Complex Sub-assemblies and Small TIM Chaperones. J Proteome Res 2020; 20:506-517. [PMID: 33242952 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The generation of mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs) is implicated in a plethora of vital cell functions, from mitochondrial quality control to peroxisomal biogenesis. The discovery of distinct subtypes of MDVs has revealed the selective inclusion of mitochondrial cargo in response to varying stimuli. However, the true scope and variety of MDVs is currently unclear, and unbiased approaches have yet to be used to understand their biology. Furthermore, as mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in many neurodegenerative diseases, it is essential to understand MDV pathways in the nervous system. To address this, we sought to identify the cargo in brain MDVs. We used an in vitro budding assay and proteomic approach to identify proteins selectively enriched in MDVs. 72 proteins were identified as MDV-enriched, of which 31% were OXPHOS proteins. Interestingly, the OXPHOS proteins localized to specific modules of the respiratory complexes, hinting at the inclusion of sub-assemblies in MDVs. Small TIM chaperones were also highly enriched in MDVs, linking mitochondrial chaperone-mediated protein transport to MDV formation. As the two Parkinson's disease genes PINK1 and Parkin have been previously implicated in MDV biogenesis in response to oxidative stress, we compared the MDV proteomes from the brains of wild-type mice with those of PINK1-/- and Parkin-/- mice. No significant difference was found, suggesting that PINK1- and Parkin-dependent MDVs make up a small proportion of all MDVs in the brain. Our findings demonstrate a previously uncovered landscape of MDV complexity and provide a foundation from which further novel MDV functions can be discovered. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD020197.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind F Roberts
- McGill Parkinson Program, Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Andrew N Bayne
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Thomas Goiran
- McGill Parkinson Program, Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Dominique Lévesque
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, 3201 rue Jean-Mignault, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - François-Michel Boisvert
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, 3201 rue Jean-Mignault, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Jean-François Trempe
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Edward A Fon
- McGill Parkinson Program, Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
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175
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Song Y, Zhou Y, Zhou X. The role of mitophagy in innate immune responses triggered by mitochondrial stress. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:186. [PMID: 33239048 PMCID: PMC7687798 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00659-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are important cellular organelles involved in many different functions, from energy generation and fatty acid oxidation to cell death regulation and immune responses. Accumulating evidence indicates that mitochondrial stress acts as a key trigger of innate immune responses. Critically, the dysfunctional mitochondria can be selectively eliminated by mitophagy. The elimination of dysfunctional mitochondria may function as an effective way employed by mitophagy to keep the immune system in check. In addition, mitophagy can be utilized by pathogens for immune evasion. In this review, we summarize how mitochondrial stress triggers innate immune responses and the roles of mitophagy in innate immunity and in infection, as well as the molecular mechanisms of mitophagy. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinjuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China.,Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiangmei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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176
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Bus C, Zizmare L, Feldkaemper M, Geisler S, Zarani M, Schaedler A, Klose F, Admard J, Mageean CJ, Arena G, Fallier-Becker P, Ugun-Klusek A, Maruszczak KK, Kapolou K, Schmid B, Rapaport D, Ueffing M, Casadei N, Krüger R, Gasser T, Vogt Weisenhorn DM, Kahle PJ, Trautwein C, Gloeckner CJ, Fitzgerald JC. Human Dopaminergic Neurons Lacking PINK1 Exhibit Disrupted Dopamine Metabolism Related to Vitamin B6 Co-Factors. iScience 2020; 23:101797. [PMID: 33299968 PMCID: PMC7702004 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PINK1 loss-of-function mutations cause early onset Parkinson disease. PINK1-Parkin mediated mitophagy has been well studied, but the relevance of the endogenous process in the brain is debated. Here, the absence of PINK1 in human dopaminergic neurons inhibits ionophore-induced mitophagy and reduces mitochondrial membrane potential. Compensatory, mitochondrial renewal maintains mitochondrial morphology and protects the respiratory chain. This is paralleled by metabolic changes, including inhibition of the TCA cycle enzyme mAconitase, accumulation of NAD+, and metabolite depletion. Loss of PINK1 disrupts dopamine metabolism by critically affecting its synthesis and uptake. The mechanism involves steering of key amino acids toward energy production rather than neurotransmitter metabolism and involves cofactors related to the vitamin B6 salvage pathway identified using unbiased multi-omics approaches. We propose that reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential that cannot be controlled by PINK1 signaling initiates metabolic compensation that has neurometabolic consequences relevant to Parkinson disease. PINK1 KO hDANs do not undergo ionophore-induced mitophagy yet CI remains active PINK1 KO impacts the TCA cycle via mAconitase leading to depletion of key amino acids PINK1 KO silences PNPO, which provides essential biological co-factors Dopamine pools and neurotransmitter uptake are reduced by PINK1 loss of function
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Bus
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Centre of Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Otfried Müller Strasse 27, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,DZNE - German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Laimdota Zizmare
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marita Feldkaemper
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sven Geisler
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Centre of Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Otfried Müller Strasse 27, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maria Zarani
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Centre of Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Otfried Müller Strasse 27, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anna Schaedler
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Centre of Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Otfried Müller Strasse 27, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Klose
- Core Facility for Medical Bioanalytics, University of Tübingen, Center for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jakob Admard
- NGS Competence Center Tübingen, Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Craig J Mageean
- DZNE - German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany.,Core Facility for Medical Bioanalytics, University of Tübingen, Center for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Arena
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Petra Fallier-Becker
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Aslihan Ugun-Klusek
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Klaudia K Maruszczak
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Konstantina Kapolou
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Centre of Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Otfried Müller Strasse 27, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Schmid
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Centre of Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Otfried Müller Strasse 27, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Doron Rapaport
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marius Ueffing
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Core Facility for Medical Bioanalytics, University of Tübingen, Center for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Casadei
- NGS Competence Center Tübingen, Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rejko Krüger
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg.,Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Thomas Gasser
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Centre of Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Otfried Müller Strasse 27, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,DZNE - German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniela M Vogt Weisenhorn
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Philipp J Kahle
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Centre of Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Otfried Müller Strasse 27, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,DZNE - German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Trautwein
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian J Gloeckner
- DZNE - German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany.,Core Facility for Medical Bioanalytics, University of Tübingen, Center for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia C Fitzgerald
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Centre of Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Otfried Müller Strasse 27, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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177
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Yang S, Zhou R, Zhang C, He S, Su Z. Mitochondria-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Membranes in the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:571554. [PMID: 33195204 PMCID: PMC7606698 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.571554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria are essential intracellular organelles that actively communicate via temporally and spatially formed contacts called mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs). These mitochondria-ER contacts are not only necessary for the physiological function of the organelles and their coordination with each other, but they also control the intracellular lipid exchange, calcium signaling, cell survival, and homeostasis in cellular metabolism. Growing evidence strongly supports the role of the mitochondria-ER connection in the insulin resistance of peripheral tissues, pancreatic β cell dysfunction, and the consequent development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this review, we summarize current advances in the understanding of the mitochondria-ER connection and specifically focus on addressing a new perspective of the alterations in mitochondria-ER communication in insulin signaling and β cell maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruixue Zhou
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Caixia Zhang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyuan He
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiguang Su
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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178
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Wanderoy S, Hees JT, Klesse R, Edlich F, Harbauer AB. Kill one or kill the many: interplay between mitophagy and apoptosis. Biol Chem 2020; 402:73-88. [PMID: 33544491 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are key players of cellular metabolism, Ca2+ homeostasis, and apoptosis. The functionality of mitochondria is tightly regulated, and dysfunctional mitochondria are removed via mitophagy, a specialized form of autophagy that is compromised in hereditary forms of Parkinson's disease. Through mitophagy, cells are able to cope with mitochondrial stress until the damage becomes too great, which leads to the activation of pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family proteins located on the outer mitochondrial membrane. Active pro-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins facilitate the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS) into the cytosol, committing the cell to apoptosis by activating a cascade of cysteinyl-aspartate specific proteases (caspases). We are only beginning to understand how the choice between mitophagy and the activation of caspases is determined on the mitochondrial surface. Intriguingly in neurons, caspase activation also plays a non-apoptotic role in synaptic plasticity. Here we review the current knowledge on the interplay between mitophagy and caspase activation with a special focus on the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Wanderoy
- Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152Martinsried, Germany
| | - J Tabitha Hees
- Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ramona Klesse
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Freiburg, D-79104Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, D-79104Freiburg, Germany
| | - Frank Edlich
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Freiburg, D-79104Freiburg, Germany
| | - Angelika B Harbauer
- Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152Martinsried, Germany.,Technical University of Munich, Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany
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179
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Joaquim M, Escobar-Henriques M. Role of Mitofusins and Mitophagy in Life or Death Decisions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:572182. [PMID: 33072754 PMCID: PMC7539839 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.572182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria entail an incredible dynamism in their morphology, impacting death signaling and selective elimination of the damaged organelles. In turn, by recycling the superfluous or malfunctioning mitochondria, mostly prevalent during aging, mitophagy contributes to maintain a healthy mitochondrial network. Mitofusins locate at the outer mitochondrial membrane and control the plastic behavior of mitochondria, by mediating fusion events. Besides deciding on mitochondrial interconnectivity, mitofusin 2 regulates physical contacts between mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum, but also serves as a decisive docking platform for mitophagy and apoptosis effectors. Thus, mitofusins integrate multiple bidirectional inputs from and into mitochondria and ensure proper energetic and metabolic cellular performance. Here, we review the role of mitofusins and mitophagy at the cross-road between life and apoptotic death decisions. Furthermore, we highlight the impact of this interplay on disease, focusing on how mitofusin 2 and mitophagy affect non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Joaquim
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mafalda Escobar-Henriques
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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180
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Escobar-Henriques M, Anton V. Mitochondrial Surveillance by Cdc48/p97: MAD vs. Membrane Fusion. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6841. [PMID: 32961852 PMCID: PMC7555132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cdc48/p97 is a ring-shaped, ATP-driven hexameric motor, essential for cellular viability. It specifically unfolds and extracts ubiquitylated proteins from membranes or protein complexes, mostly targeting them for proteolytic degradation by the proteasome. Cdc48/p97 is involved in a multitude of cellular processes, reaching from cell cycle regulation to signal transduction, also participating in growth or death decisions. The role of Cdc48/p97 in endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), where it extracts proteins targeted for degradation from the ER membrane, has been extensively described. Here, we present the roles of Cdc48/p97 in mitochondrial regulation. We discuss mitochondrial quality control surveillance by Cdc48/p97 in mitochondrial-associated degradation (MAD), highlighting the potential pathologic significance thereof. Furthermore, we present the current knowledge of how Cdc48/p97 regulates mitofusin activity in outer membrane fusion and how this may impact on neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Escobar-Henriques
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
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181
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Grossmann D, Berenguer-Escuder C, Chemla A, Arena G, Krüger R. The Emerging Role of RHOT1/Miro1 in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2020; 11:587. [PMID: 33041957 PMCID: PMC7523470 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The expected increase in prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) as the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder over the next years underscores the need for a better understanding of the underlying molecular pathogenesis. Here, first insights provided by genetics over the last two decades, such as dysfunction of molecular and organellar quality control, are described. The mechanisms involved relate to impaired intracellular calcium homeostasis and mitochondrial dynamics, which are tightly linked to the cross talk between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. A number of proteins related to monogenic forms of PD have been mapped to these pathways, i.e., PINK1, Parkin, LRRK2, and α-synuclein. Recently, Miro1 was identified as an important player, as several studies linked Miro1 to mitochondrial quality control by PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy and mitochondrial transport. Moreover, Miro1 is an important regulator of mitochondria-ER contact sites (MERCs), where it acts as a sensor for cytosolic calcium levels. The involvement of Miro1 in the pathogenesis of PD was recently confirmed by genetic evidence based on the first PD patients with heterozygous mutations in RHOT1/Miro1. Patient-based cellular models from RHOT1/Miro1 mutation carriers showed impaired calcium homeostasis, structural alterations of MERCs, and increased mitochondrial clearance. To account for the emerging role of Miro1, we present a comprehensive overview focusing on the role of this protein in PD-related neurodegeneration and highlighting new developments in our understanding of Miro1, which provide new avenues for neuroprotective therapies for PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajana Grossmann
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg.,Section for Translational Neurodegeneration "Albrecht Kossel", Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Clara Berenguer-Escuder
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Axel Chemla
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Giuseppe Arena
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Rejko Krüger
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg.,Parkinson Research Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), Luxembourg, Luxembourg.,Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
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182
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Nutrition, Bioenergetics, and Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092785. [PMID: 32933003 PMCID: PMC7551996 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the global nutrition report shows that whilst part of the world’s population starves, the other part suffers from obesity and associated complications. A balanced diet counterparts these extreme conditions with the proper proportion, composition, quantity, and presence of macronutrients, micronutrients, and bioactive compounds. However, little is known on the way these components exert any influence on our health. These nutrients aiming to feed our bodies, our tissues, and our cells, first need to reach mitochondria, where they are decomposed into CO2 and H2O to obtain energy. Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell and mainly responsible for nutrients metabolism, but they are also the main source of oxidative stress and cell death by apoptosis. Unappropriated nutrients may support mitochondrial to become the Trojan horse in the cell. This review aims to provide an approach to the role that some nutrients exert on mitochondria as a major contributor to high prevalent Western conditions including metabolic syndrome (MetS), a constellation of pathologic conditions which promotes type II diabetes and cardiovascular risk. Clinical and experimental data extracted from in vitro animal and cell models further demonstrated in patients, support the idea that a balanced diet, in a healthy lifestyle context, promotes proper bioenergetic and mitochondrial function, becoming the best medicine to prevent the onset and progression of MetS. Any advance in the prevention and management of these prevalent complications help to face these challenging global health problems, by ameliorating the quality of life of patients and reducing the associated sociosanitary burden.
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183
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Spermidine inhibits neurodegeneration and delays aging via the PINK1-PDR1-dependent mitophagy pathway in C. elegans. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:16852-16866. [PMID: 32902411 PMCID: PMC7521492 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Aging is the primary driver of various diseases, including common neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Currently there is no cure for AD and PD, and the development of novel drug candidates is demanding. Spermidine is a small anti-aging molecule with elimination of damaged mitochondria via the process of mitophagy identified as a molecular mechanism of action. Here, we show that spermidine inhibits memory loss in AD worms and improves behavioral performance, e.g., locomotor capacity, in a PD worm model, both via the PINK1-PDR1-dependent mitophagy pathway. Additionally, spermidine delays accelerated aging and improves healthspan in the DNA repair-deficient premature aging Werner syndrome (WS) worm model. While possible intertwined interactions between mitophagy/autophagy induction and DNA repair by spermidine are to be determined, our data support further translation of spermidine as a possible therapeutic intervention for such diseases.
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184
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Yamano K, Kikuchi R, Kojima W, Hayashida R, Koyano F, Kawawaki J, Shoda T, Demizu Y, Naito M, Tanaka K, Matsuda N. Critical role of mitochondrial ubiquitination and the OPTN-ATG9A axis in mitophagy. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:e201912144. [PMID: 32556086 PMCID: PMC7480101 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201912144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Damaged mitochondria are selectively eliminated in a process called mitophagy. Parkin and PINK1, proteins mutated in Parkinson's disease, amplify ubiquitin signals on damaged mitochondria with the subsequent activation of autophagic machinery. Autophagy adaptors are thought to link ubiquitinated mitochondria and autophagy through ATG8 protein binding. Here, we establish methods for inducing mitophagy by mitochondria-targeted ubiquitin chains and chemical-induced mitochondrial ubiquitination. Using these tools, we reveal that the ubiquitin signal is sufficient for mitophagy and that PINK1 and Parkin are unnecessary for autophagy activation per se. Furthermore, using phase-separated fluorescent foci, we show that the critical autophagy adaptor OPTN forms a complex with ATG9A vesicles. Disruption of OPTN-ATG9A interactions does not induce mitophagy. Therefore, in addition to binding ATG8 proteins, the critical autophagy adaptors also bind the autophagy core units that contribute to the formation of multivalent interactions in the de novo synthesis of autophagosomal membranes near ubiquitinated mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Yamano
- Ubiquitin Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reika Kikuchi
- Ubiquitin Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Waka Kojima
- Ubiquitin Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Hayashida
- Ubiquitin Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumika Koyano
- Ubiquitin Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Kawawaki
- Ubiquitin Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuji Shoda
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yosuke Demizu
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mikihiko Naito
- Division of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Matsuda
- Ubiquitin Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
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185
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Gao P, Yang W, Sun L. Mitochondria-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Membranes (MAMs) and Their Prospective Roles in Kidney Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3120539. [PMID: 32952849 PMCID: PMC7487091 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3120539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes (MAMs) serve as essential hubs for interorganelle communication in eukaryotic cells and play multifunctional roles in various biological pathways. A defect in ER-mitochondria signaling or MAMs dysfunction has pleiotropic effects on a variety of intracellular events, which results in disturbances of the mitochondrial quality control system, Ca2+ dyshomeostasis, apoptosis, ER stress, and inflammasome activation, which all contribute to the onset and progression of kidney disease. Here, we review the structure and molecular compositions of MAMs as well as the experimental methods used to study these interorganellar contact sites. We will specifically summarize the downstream signaling pathways regulated by MAMs, mainly focusing on mitochondrial quality control, oxidative stress, ER-mitochondria Ca2+ crosstalk, apoptosis, inflammasome activation, and ER stress. Finally, we will discuss how alterations in MAMs integrity contribute to the pathogenesis of kidney disease and offer directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease & Blood Purification, in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Wenxia Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease & Blood Purification, in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease & Blood Purification, in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
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186
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Bu L, Wang H, Hou P, Guo S, He M, Xiao J, Li P, Zhong Y, Jia P, Cao Y, Liang G, Yang C, Chen L, Guo D, Li CM. The Ubiquitin E3 Ligase Parkin Inhibits Innate Antiviral Immunity Through K48-Linked Polyubiquitination of RIG-I and MDA5. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1926. [PMID: 32983119 PMCID: PMC7492610 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is the first-line defense against antiviral or antimicrobial infection. RIG-I and MDA5, which mediate the recognition of pathogen-derived nucleic acids, are essential for production of type I interferons (IFN). Here, we identified mitochondrion depolarization inducer carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) inhibited the response and antiviral activity of type I IFN during viral infection. Furthermore, we found that the PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Parkin mediated mitophagy, thus negatively regulating the activation of RIG-I and MDA5. Parkin directly interacted with and catalyzed the K48-linked polyubiquitination and subsequent degradation of RIG-I and MDA5. Thus, we demonstrate that Parkin limits RLR-triggered innate immunity activation, suggesting Parkin as a potential therapeutic target for the control of viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Bu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, the Infection and Immunity Center (TIIC), School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Panpan Hou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, the Infection and Immunity Center (TIIC), School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuting Guo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Miao He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, the Infection and Immunity Center (TIIC), School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingshu Xiao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, the Infection and Immunity Center (TIIC), School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, the Infection and Immunity Center (TIIC), School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongheng Zhong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, the Infection and Immunity Center (TIIC), School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Penghui Jia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, the Infection and Immunity Center (TIIC), School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanyuan Cao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guanzhan Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, the Infection and Immunity Center (TIIC), School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chenwei Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, the Infection and Immunity Center (TIIC), School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lang Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Deyin Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, the Infection and Immunity Center (TIIC), School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chun-Mei Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, the Infection and Immunity Center (TIIC), School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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187
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Ajoolabady A, Aslkhodapasandhokmabad H, Aghanejad A, Zhang Y, Ren J. Mitophagy Receptors and Mediators: Therapeutic Targets in the Management of Cardiovascular Ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 62:101129. [PMID: 32711157 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitophagy serves as a cardinal regulator in the maintenance of mitochondrial integrity, function, and cardiovascular homeostasis, through the fine control and governance of cellular metabolism, ATP production, redox balance, and mitochondrial quality and quantity control. As a unique form of selective autophagy, mitophagy specifically recognizes and engulfs long-lived or damaged (depolarized) mitochondria through formation of the double-membraned intracellular organelles - mitophagosomes, ultimately resulting in lysosomal degradation. Levels of mitophagy are reported to be altered in pathological settings including cardiovascular diseases and biological ageing although the precise nature of mitophagy change in ageing and ageing-associated cardiovascular deterioration remains poorly defined. Ample clinical and experimental evidence has depicted a convincing tie between cardiovascular ageing and altered mitophagy. In particular, ageing perturbs multiple enigmatic various signal machineries governing mitophagy, mitochondrial quality, and mitochondrial function, contributing to ageing-elicited anomalies in the cardiovascular system. This review will update novel regulatory mechanisms of mitophagy especially in the perspective of advanced ageing, and discuss how mitophagy dysregulation may be linked to cardiovascular abnormalities in ageing. We hope to pave the way for development of new therapeutic strategies against the growing health and socieconomical issue of cardiovascular ageing through targeting mitophagy.
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188
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Siddu A, David LS, Lauinger N, Chen X, Saint-Pierre M, Alpaugh M, Durcan T, Cicchetti F. Beneficial effects of cysteamine in Thy1-α-Syn mice and induced pluripotent stem cells with a SNCA gene triplication. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 145:105042. [PMID: 32798729 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of publications have reported that cysteamine has significant therapeutic effects on several aspects of Parkinson's disease (PD)-related pathology but none of these studies have evaluated its impact on pathological forms of α-Synuclein (α-Syn), one of the main hallmarks of PD. We therefore tested the efficacy of cysteamine on the Thy1-α-Syn mouse model which over-expresses full-length human wild-type α-Syn. Two-month (early stage disease) and 6-month old (late stage disease) mice and littermate controls were treated daily with cysteamine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) to assess the protective and restorative properties of this compound. After 6 weeks of treatment, animals were tested using a battery of motor tests. Cysteamine-treated transgenic mice displayed significant improvements in motor performance as compared to saline-treated transgenic littermates. Post-mortem readouts revealed a reduction in fibrillation, phosphorylation and total levels of overexpresed human α-Syn. To determine if such outcomes extended to human cells, the benefits of cysteamine were additionally tested using 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) treated neurons differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from a PD patient harbouring a triplication of the SNCA gene. SNCA neurons treated with cysteamine exhibited significantly more intact/healthy neurites than cells treated with 6-OHDA alone. Additionally, SNCA neurons treated with cysteamine in the absence of 6-OHDA showed a trend towards lower total α-Syn levels. Overall, our in vivo and in vitro findings suggest that cysteamine can act as a disease-modifying molecule by enhancing -the survival of dopaminergic neurons and reducing pathological forms of α-Syn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Siddu
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, 1050, avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Linda Suzanne David
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, 1050, avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Nadine Lauinger
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Xiuqing Chen
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Martine Saint-Pierre
- Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, 1050, avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Melanie Alpaugh
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, 1050, avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Thomas Durcan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Francesca Cicchetti
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, 1050, avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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189
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Liao Y, Dong Y, Cheng J. The Molecular Determinants of Mitochondrial Membrane Contact With ER, Lysosomes and Peroxisomes in Neuronal Physiology and Pathology. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:194. [PMID: 32848610 PMCID: PMC7427582 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane tethering is an important communication method for membrane-packaged organelles. Mitochondria are organelles with a bilayer membrane, and the membrane contact between mitochondria and other organelles is indispensable for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Increased levels of molecular determinants that mediate the membrane contact between mitochondria and other organelles, and their functions, have been revealed in recent years. In this review article, we aim to summarize the findings on the tethering between mitochondria and other organelles in physiological or pathological conditions, and discuss their roles in cellular homeostasis, neural activity, and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajin Liao
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life & Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Dong
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinbo Cheng
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life & Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
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190
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Zuo Z, Jing K, Wu H, Wang S, Ye L, Li Z, Yang C, Pan Q, Liu WJ, Liu HF. Mechanisms and Functions of Mitophagy and Potential Roles in Renal Disease. Front Physiol 2020; 11:935. [PMID: 32903665 PMCID: PMC7438724 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process to selectively remove damaged or unnecessary mitochondria via the autophagic machinery. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the molecular mechanisms of mitophagy and how mitophagy contributes to cellular homeostasis in physiological and pathological contexts. We also briefly review and discuss the crosstalk between mitophagy and renal disease, highlighting its modulation as a potentially effective therapeutic strategy to treat kidney diseases such as acute kidney injury (AKI), diabetic kidney disease (DKD), and lupus nephritis (LN).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenying Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Kaipeng Jing
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hongluan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shujun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lin Ye
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhihang Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qingjun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wei Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine, Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hua-Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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191
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Chakraborty J, Caicci F, Roy M, Ziviani E. Investigating mitochondrial autophagy by routine transmission electron microscopy: Seeing is believing? Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105097. [PMID: 32739423 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial autophagy is affected in many diseases. In the past few years, the multiple-steps process of selective degradation of mitochondria has been dissected in details by combining outcomes from different approaches. Perhaps one of the most rigorous methods to clearly visualise mitochondria undergoing autophagic engulfment and degradation, is transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In this opinion paper, we want to give a brief summary of the mitophagic process, and by which means mitophagy can be addressed, including TEM analysis. We will report examples of autophagy and mitophagy-related TEM images, and discuss how to decipher the different steps of the mitophagic process by routine TEM. In our opinion, this technique can be used as a powerful confirmatory approach for mitochondrial autophagy and can provide details of the organelle fate throughout the course of mitophagy with no substantial sample manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Chakraborty
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology-TRUE Campus, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Moumita Roy
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology-TRUE Campus, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, India
| | - Elena Ziviani
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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192
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Tiwari S, Singh S. Reciprocal Upshot of Nitric Oxide, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, and Ubiquitin Proteasome System in Parkinson's Disease Pathology. Neuroscientist 2020; 27:340-354. [PMID: 32713286 DOI: 10.1177/1073858420942211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) pathology involves degeneration of nigrostriatal pathway, postulating symptoms associated with age, environment, and genetic anomalies, including nonlinear disease progression. Hallmark characteristics of PD include dopaminergic neuronal degeneration and death, which may also be exhibited by other neurological diseases, making the diagnosis of the disease intricate at early stage. Such obscure diagnosis of the disease, limited symptomatic improvements with available therapeutics, and their inability to modify the disease status instigate us to appraise the past research and formulate the colligating comprehensive insights. This review is accentuating on the role of nitric oxide, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and their association with the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) during PD pathology involving focus on ubiquitin ligases due to their regulatory functions. Meticulous understanding of these major disease-related pathological events and their functional alliance may render novel dimensions for better understanding of disease etiology, related mechanisms, as well as direction toward witnessing of new therapeutic targets for the management of Parkinson's patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhangini Tiwari
- Department of Neurosciences and Ageing Biology and Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sarika Singh
- Department of Neurosciences and Ageing Biology and Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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193
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Magalhães Rebelo AP, Dal Bello F, Knedlik T, Kaar N, Volpin F, Shin SH, Giacomello M. Chemical Modulation of Mitochondria-Endoplasmic Reticulum Contact Sites. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071637. [PMID: 32646031 PMCID: PMC7408517 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Contact sites between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are points in which the two organelles are in close proximity. Due to their structural and functional complexity, their exploitation as pharmacological targets has never been considered so far. Notwithstanding, the number of compounds described to target proteins residing at these interfaces either directly or indirectly is rising. Here we provide original insight into mitochondria–ER contact sites (MERCs), with a comprehensive overview of the current MERCs pharmacology. Importantly, we discuss the considerable potential of MERCs to become a druggable target for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Magalhães Rebelo
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy; (A.P.M.R.); (F.D.B.); (T.K.); (N.K.); (F.V.); (S.H.S.)
| | - Federica Dal Bello
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy; (A.P.M.R.); (F.D.B.); (T.K.); (N.K.); (F.V.); (S.H.S.)
| | - Tomas Knedlik
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy; (A.P.M.R.); (F.D.B.); (T.K.); (N.K.); (F.V.); (S.H.S.)
| | - Natasha Kaar
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy; (A.P.M.R.); (F.D.B.); (T.K.); (N.K.); (F.V.); (S.H.S.)
| | - Fabio Volpin
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy; (A.P.M.R.); (F.D.B.); (T.K.); (N.K.); (F.V.); (S.H.S.)
| | - Sang Hun Shin
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy; (A.P.M.R.); (F.D.B.); (T.K.); (N.K.); (F.V.); (S.H.S.)
| | - Marta Giacomello
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy; (A.P.M.R.); (F.D.B.); (T.K.); (N.K.); (F.V.); (S.H.S.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-827-6300
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194
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Ordureau A, Paulo JA, Zhang J, An H, Swatek KN, Cannon JR, Wan Q, Komander D, Harper JW. Global Landscape and Dynamics of Parkin and USP30-Dependent Ubiquitylomes in iNeurons during Mitophagic Signaling. Mol Cell 2020; 77:1124-1142.e10. [PMID: 32142685 PMCID: PMC7098486 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin ligase Parkin, protein kinase PINK1, USP30 deubiquitylase, and p97 segregase function together to regulate turnover of damaged mitochondria via mitophagy, but our mechanistic understanding in neurons is limited. Here, we combine induced neurons (iNeurons) derived from embryonic stem cells with quantitative proteomics to reveal the dynamics and specificity of Parkin-dependent ubiquitylation under endogenous expression conditions. Targets showing elevated ubiquitylation in USP30−/− iNeurons are concentrated in components of the mitochondrial translocon, and the ubiquitylation kinetics of the vast majority of Parkin targets are unaffected, correlating with a modest kinetic acceleration in accumulation of pS65-Ub and mitophagic flux upon mitochondrial depolarization without USP30. Basally, ubiquitylated translocon import substrates accumulate, suggesting a quality control function for USP30. p97 was dispensable for Parkin ligase activity in iNeurons. This work provides an unprecedented quantitative landscape of the Parkin-modified ubiquitylome in iNeurons and reveals the underlying specificity of central regulatory elements in the pathway. Global phospho and ubiquitylome analysis of PINK1-Parkin pathway in iNeurons Dynamics and specificity of Parkin-mediated ubiquitylation revealed in iNeurons p97-mediated MFN turnover not required for Parkin substrate “gating” in iNeurons USP30 acts primarily on translocon and supports import quality control in iNeurons
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Affiliation(s)
- Alban Ordureau
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jiuchun Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Heeseon An
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kirby N Swatek
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany; Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Joe R Cannon
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qiaoqiao Wan
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David Komander
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK; Ubiquitin Signalling Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - J Wade Harper
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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195
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Parkin, an E3 Ubiquitin Ligase, Plays an Essential Role in Mitochondrial Quality Control in Parkinson's Disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 41:1395-1411. [PMID: 32623547 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00914-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), as one of the complex neurodegenerative disorders, affects millions of aged people. Although the precise pathogenesis remains mostly unknown, a significant number of studies have demonstrated that mitochondrial dysfunction acts as a major role in the pathogeny of PD. Both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA mutations can damage mitochondrial integrity. Especially, mutations in several genes that PD-linked have a closed association with mitochondrial dysfunction (e.g., Parkin, PINK1, DJ-1, alpha-synuclein, and LRRK2). Parkin, whose mutation causes autosomal-recessive juvenile parkinsonism, plays an essential role in mitochondrial quality control of mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics, and mitophagy. Therefore, we summarized the advanced studies of Parkin's role in mitochondrial quality control and hoped it could be studied further as a therapeutic target for PD.
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196
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Rao G, Murphy B, Dey A, Dhar Dwivedi SK, Zhang Y, Roy RV, Chakraborty P, Bhattacharya R, Mukherjee P. Cystathionine beta synthase regulates mitochondrial dynamics and function in endothelial cells. FASEB J 2020; 34:9372-9392. [PMID: 32463541 PMCID: PMC7675787 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000173r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the human cystathionine beta synthase (CBS) gene are known to cause endothelial dysfunction responsible for cardiovascular and neurovascular diseases. CBS is the predominant hydrogen sulfide (H2 S)-producing enzyme in endothelial cells (ECs). Recently, H2 S was shown to attenuate ROS and improve mitochondrial function. Mitochondria are metabolic organelles that actively transform their ultrastructure to mediate their function. Therefore, we questioned whether perturbation of CBS/H2 S activity could drive mitochondrial dysfunction via mitochondrial dynamics in ECs. Here we demonstrate that silencing CBS induces mitochondria fragmentation, attenuates efficient oxidative phosphorylation, and decreases EC function. Mechanistically, CBS silencing significantly elevates ROS production, thereby leading to reduced mitofusin 2 (MFN2) expression, decouple endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contacts, increased mitochondria fission, enhanced receptor-mediated mitophagy, and increased EC death. These defects were significantly rescued by the treatment of H2 S donors. Taken together our data highlights a novel signaling axis that mechanistically links CBS with mitochondrial function and ER-mitochondrial tethering and could be considered as a new therapeutic approach for the intervention of EC dysfunction-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Rao
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Brennah Murphy
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Anindya Dey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | - Yushan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Ram Vinod Roy
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Prabir Chakraborty
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Priyabrata Mukherjee
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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197
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Abstract
Discovery of Park2 is our finding of a family of young onset parkinsonism, in which this family was thought to be associated with a polymorphism of the manganese superoxide gene. The gene locus of the manganese superoxide dismutase has been known. We were able to pick up a gene for this family and related families in the close approximate position at the long arm of chromosome 6. The gene for this disease has a ubiquitin-like motif in the N-terminus and two RING finger structures. It was shown that this gene had a ubiquitin-protein ligase activity. But it is not elucidated the substrate of this enzyme. Meanwhile, it has become clear that PINK1 and Parkin work together to remove the mitochondria of the lowered membrane potential in the autophagosomes (mitophagy). Now that the molecular mechanisms of mitophagy is under investigation. In addition, many hot topics are going on such as Lewy body in Park2, single heterozygotes, rare clinical manifestations, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikuni Mizuno
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Japan; Department of Neurology, Tokyo Clinic Japan.
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198
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Quiles JM, Gustafsson ÅB. Mitochondrial Quality Control and Cellular Proteostasis: Two Sides of the Same Coin. Front Physiol 2020; 11:515. [PMID: 32528313 PMCID: PMC7263099 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of cardiac pathophysiology. Defects in mitochondrial performance disrupt contractile function, overwhelm myocytes with reactive oxygen species (ROS), and transform these cellular powerhouses into pro-death organelles. Thus, quality control (QC) pathways aimed at identifying and removing damaged mitochondrial proteins, components, or entire mitochondria are crucial processes in post-mitotic cells such as cardiac myocytes. Almost all of the mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nuclear genome and the trafficking of these nuclear-encoded proteins necessitates significant cross-talk with the cytosolic protein QC machinery to ensure that only functional proteins are delivered to the mitochondria. Within the organelle, mitochondria contain their own protein QC system consisting of chaperones and proteases. This system represents another level of QC to promote mitochondrial protein folding and prevent aggregation. If this system is overwhelmed, a conserved transcriptional response known as the mitochondrial unfolded protein response is activated to increase the expression of proteins involved in restoring mitochondrial proteostasis. If the mitochondrion is beyond repair, the entire organelle must be removed before it becomes cytotoxic and causes cellular damage. Recent evidence has also uncovered mitochondria as participants in cytosolic protein QC where misfolded cytosolic proteins can be imported and degraded inside mitochondria. However, this process also places increased pressure on mitochondrial QC pathways to ensure that the imported proteins do not cause mitochondrial dysfunction. This review is focused on discussing the pathways involved in regulating mitochondrial QC and their relationship to cellular proteostasis and mitochondrial health in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Quiles
- Department of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Åsa B Gustafsson
- Department of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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199
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Mitophagy in Parkinson's disease: From pathogenesis to treatment target. Neurochem Int 2020; 138:104756. [PMID: 32428526 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Healthy mitochondria play an essential role in energy metabolism, but dysfunctional mitochondria can cause perturbations in cellular processes which can ultimately lead to cell death. The process which selectively removes and degrades dysfunctional mitochondria, mitophagy, protects against the accumulation of abnormal mitochondria and hence has a protective role in maintaining cell health. Increasing numbers of studies have linked defective mitophagy to a range of diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Whilst current treatment strategies in PD can improve the classical motor symptoms of the disease, they are also associated with often severe side-effects, and generally do not tackle the underlying progressive neurodegeneration seen in the disease. The identification of novel treatment targets, such as mitophagy, are therefore of increasing interest in PD research. This review will begin by outlining the process of mitophagy, before examining evidence implicating mitophagy in both monogenic and sporadic forms of PD, drawing links between mitophagy and wider pathological processes such as protein accumulation and neuroinflammation. Finally, this review will examine the diverse strategies employed to promote mitophagy so far, discuss considerations arising from these studies, and present a framework for eventual assessment of mitophagy-promoting compounds and their viability as a treatment strategy for PD patients.
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200
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Wang L, Lu G, Shen HM. The Long and the Short of PTEN in the Regulation of Mitophagy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:299. [PMID: 32478067 PMCID: PMC7237741 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy is a key mitochondrial quality control mechanism for effective and selective elimination of damaged mitochondria through the autophagy-lysosome machinery. Defective mitophagy is associated with pathogenesis of important human diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, heart failure, innate immunity, and cancer. In the past two decades, the mechanistic studies of mitophagy have made many breakthroughs with the discoveries of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-induced kinase protein 1 (PINK1)-parkin-mediated ubiquitin (Ub)-driven pathway and BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting proteins 3 (BNIP3)/NIX or FUN14 domain containing 1 (FUNDC1) mitochondrial receptor-mediated pathways. Recently, several isoforms of dual phosphatase PTEN, such as PTEN-long (PTEN-L), have been identified, and some of them are implicated in the mitophagy process via their protein phosphatase activity. In this review, we aim to discuss the regulatory roles of PTEN isoforms in mitophagy. These discoveries may provide new opportunities for development of novel therapeutic strategies for mitophagy-related diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders via targeting PTEN isoforms and mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Wang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guang Lu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Han-Ming Shen
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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