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Vňuková M, Ptáček R, Děchtěrenko F, Raboch J, Anders M, Goetz M. Validity of the Czech Translation of the Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Self-Report Scale (ASRS). Front Psychol 2022; 13:799344. [PMID: 35602673 PMCID: PMC9118989 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.799344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The study aim was to assess the psychometric properties of the ASRS in the Czech Republic. Although this screening tool is now frequently used, its validity has not been assessed among the general Czech population. Methods The ASRS and WURS were administered online to the general Czech population (N = 1,518). We performed confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses. Results For the ASRS, confirmatory factor analysis showed good fit for the screening part (SRMR = 0.03, RMSEA = 0.06, CFI = 0.98). For the symptom list, the fit was good according to the SRMR, acceptable according to the RMSEA, and slightly below acceptable according to the CFI. For the WURS, the results showed SRMR = 0.06, RMSEA = 0.07, and CFI = 0.92. Conclusion The Czech translation of the ASRS is appropriate and has acceptable psychometric properties. However, we strongly recommend only using this tool together with clinical judgment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Vňuková
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Radek Ptáček
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Filip Děchtěrenko
- Department of Mathematics, College of Polytechnics, Jihlava, Czechia
| | - Jiří Raboch
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Anders
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Michal Goetz
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
- Children’s Psychiatric Hospital Opařany, Opařany, Czechia
- Department of Psychiatry, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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Hassall S, Smith DM, Rust S, Wittkowski A. A systematic review and integrative sequential explanatory narrative synthesis: The psychosocial impact of parenting a child with a lysosomal storage disorder. J Inherit Metab Dis 2022; 45:406-416. [PMID: 35124835 PMCID: PMC9305282 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders are rare multiorgan, degenerative conditions requiring invasive treatment. Rare disorders pose unique challenges; therefore, exploring their impact is crucial for understanding family needs. This novel review aimed to understand the psychosocial outcomes for parents of children with lysosomal storage disorders. Five electronic databases were systematically searched. Thirty-eight (23 qualitative, 10 qualitative and 5 mixed methods) studies were included, analysed using a sequential explanatory narrative synthesis and appraised for their methodological quality. Quantitative data revealed the multifaceted impact on parents' psychological and social wellbeing. Qualitative data informed the challenges that these parents faced which were expressed within three main themes: (a) Uncertainty and the unknown, (b) All-encompassing impact and (c) Finding a way forward. The synthesis demonstrated that factors associated with the condition (symptoms, behaviour and severity) had a substantial negative impact on parental outcomes, upheld by concurrent loss (deterioration and poor prognosis) and uncertainty. This substantive integrated review revealed considerable unmet parental psychosocial needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadie Hassall
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUK
| | - Debbie Michelle Smith
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUK
| | - Stewart Rust
- Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Paediatric Psychosocial ServiceManchesterUK
| | - Anja Wittkowski
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUK
- Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUK
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Haring MP, Peeks F, Oosterveer MH, Brouwers MC, Hollak CE, Janssen MC, Langendonk JG, Rennings AJ, Wagenmakers MA, Verkade HJ, Derks TG, de Meijer VE. High childhood serum triglyceride concentrations associate with hepatocellular adenoma development in patients with glycogen storage disease type Ia. JHEP Rep 2022; 4:100512. [PMID: 35811762 PMCID: PMC9263528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2022.100512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSDIa) is an inborn error of carbohydrate metabolism caused by pathogenic variants in the glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1 (G6PC1) gene and is associated with hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) formation. Data on risk factors for HCA occurrence in GSDIa are scarce. We investigated HCA development in relation to sex, G6PC1 genotype, and serum triglyceride concentration (TG). Methods An observational study of patients with genetically confirmed GSDIa ≥12 years was performed. Patients were categorised for sex; presence of 2, 1, or 0 predicted severe G6PC1 variant (PSV); and median TG during childhood (<12 years; stratified for above/below 5.65 mmol/L, i.e. 500 mg/dl). Results Fifty-three patients (23 females) were included, of which 26 patients developed HCA at a median (IQR) age of 21 (17–25) years. At the age of 25 years, 48% of females and 30% of males had developed HCA (log-rank p = 0.045). Two-thirds of patients with GSDIa carried 2 PSVs, 20% carried 1, and 13% carried none. Neither the number of PSVs nor any specific G6PC1 variants were associated with HCA occurrence. Childhood TG was 3.4 (3.0–4.2) mmol/L in males vs. 5.6 (4.0–7.9) mmol/L in females (p = 0.026). Childhood TG >5.65 mmol/L was associated with HCA development at younger age, compared with patients with childhood TG <5.65 mmol/L (18 vs. 33 years; log-rank p = 0.001). Cox regression analysis including TG, sex, and TG–sex interaction correction revealed childhood TG >5.65 mmol/L as an independent risk factor for HCA development (hazard ratio [HR] 6.0; 95% CI 1.2–29.8; p = 0.028). Conclusions In patients with GSDIa, high childhood TG was associated with an increased risk of HCA, and earlier onset of HCA development, independent of sex-associated hypertriglyceridaemia, and G6PC1 genotype. Lay summary Glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSDIa) is a rare, inherited metabolic disease that can be complicated by liver tumours (hepatocellular adenomas), which in turn may cause bleeding or progress to liver cancer. Risk factors associated with hepatocellular adenoma formation in patients with GSDIa are largely unknown. In our study, we found that high serum triglyceride concentrations during childhood, but not specific genetic variants, were associated with increased risk of hepatocellular adenoma diagnosis later in life. Glycogen storage disease Ia (GSDIa) is a metabolic disease caused by mutations in glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1 (G6PC1). Patients with GSDIa often develop hepatocellular adenoma (HCA), with unclear risk factors. Metabolic control in GSDIa is commonly evaluated through serum triglyceride concentration (TG). Patients with GSDIa with high childhood TG had increased risk and earlier onset of HCA. Sex-associated hypertriglyceridaemia and G6PC1 genotype were not associated with HCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn P.D. Haring
- Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Fabian Peeks
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maaike H. Oosterveer
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn C.G.J. Brouwers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Carla E.M. Hollak
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mirian C.H. Janssen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Janneke G. Langendonk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander J.M. Rennings
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Margreet A.E.M. Wagenmakers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henkjan J. Verkade
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Terry G.J. Derks
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent E. de Meijer
- Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author. Address: University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, the Netherlands. Tel.: +31 50 361 2896; fax: +31 50 361 4873.
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Horgan C, Jones SA, Bigger BW, Wynn R. Current and Future Treatment of Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) Type II: Is Brain-Targeted Stem Cell Gene Therapy the Solution for This Devastating Disorder? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4854. [PMID: 35563245 PMCID: PMC9105950 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (Hunter Syndrome) is a rare, x-linked recessive, progressive, multi-system, lysosomal storage disease caused by the deficiency of iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS), which leads to the pathological storage of glycosaminoglycans in nearly all cell types, tissues and organs. The condition is clinically heterogeneous, and most patients present with a progressive, multi-system disease in their early years. This article outlines the pathology of the disorder and current treatment strategies, including a detailed review of haematopoietic stem cell transplant outcomes for MPSII. We then discuss haematopoietic stem cell gene therapy and how this can be employed for treatment of the disorder. We consider how preclinical innovations, including novel brain-targeted techniques, can be incorporated into stem cell gene therapy approaches to mitigate the neuropathological consequences of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Horgan
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Unit, Department of Paediatric Haematology, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK;
| | - Simon A. Jones
- Willink Unit, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK;
| | - Brian W. Bigger
- Stem Cell and Neuropathies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK;
| | - Robert Wynn
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Unit, Department of Paediatric Haematology, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK;
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155
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Asif S, Kim RY, Fatica T, Sim J, Zhao X, Oh Y, Denoncourt A, Cheung A, Downey M, Mulvihill EE, Kim KH. Hmgcs2-mediated ketogenesis modulates high-fat diet-induced hepatosteatosis. Mol Metab 2022; 61:101494. [PMID: 35421611 PMCID: PMC9039870 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aberrant ketogenesis is correlated with the degree of steatosis in NAFLD patients, and an inborn error of ketogenesis (mitochondrial HMG-CoA synthase deficiency) is commonly associated with the development of the fatty liver. Here we aimed to determine the impact of Hmgcs2-mediated ketogenesis and its modulations on the development and treatment of fatty liver disease. METHODS Loss- and gain-of-ketogenic function through in vivo and in vitro models, achieved by Hmgcs2 knockout and overexpression, respectively, were examined to investigate the role of ketogenesis in the hepatic lipid accumulation during neonatal development and the diet-induced NAFLD mouse model. RESULTS Ketogenic function was decreased in NAFLD mice with a reduction in Hmgcs2 expression. Mice lacking Hmgcs2 developed spontaneous fatty liver phenotype during postnatal development, which was rescued by a shift to a low-fat dietary composition via early weaning. Hmgcs2 heterozygous mice, which exhibited reduced ketogenic activity, were more susceptible to diet-induced NAFLD development, whereas HMGCS2 overexpression in NAFLD mice improved hepatosteatosis and glucose homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS Our study adds new knowledge to the field of ketone body metabolism and shows that Hmgcs2-mediated ketogenesis modulates hepatic lipid regulation under a fat-enriched nutritional environment. The regulation of hepatic ketogenesis may be a viable therapeutic strategy in the prevention and treatment of hepatosteatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaza Asif
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Ri Youn Kim
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Thet Fatica
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Jordan Sim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Xiaoling Zhao
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Yena Oh
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Alix Denoncourt
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Angela Cheung
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4E9, Canada
| | - Michael Downey
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Erin E Mulvihill
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Kyoung-Han Kim
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
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156
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Sequiera GL, Srivastava A, Sareen N, Yan W, Alagarsamy KN, Verma E, Aghanoori MR, Aliani M, Kumar A, Fernyhough P, Rockman-Greenberg C, Dhingra S. Development of iPSC-based clinical trial selection platform for patients with ultrarare diseases. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabl4370. [PMID: 35394834 PMCID: PMC8993122 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl4370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A "Leap-of-Faith" approach is used to treat patients with previously unknown ultrarare pathogenic mutations, often based on evidence from patients having dissimilar but more prevalent mutations. This uncertainty reflects the need to develop personalized prescreening platforms for these patients to assess drug efficacy before considering clinical trial enrollment. In this study, we report an 18-year-old patient with ultrarare Leigh-like syndrome. This patient had previously participated in two clinical trials with unfavorable responses. We established an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based platform for this patient, and assessed the efficacy of a panel of drugs. The iPSC platform validated the safety and efficacy of the screened drugs. The efficacy of three of the screened drugs was also investigated in the patient. After 3 years of treatment, the drugs were effective in shifting the metabolic profile of this patient toward healthy control. Therefore, this personalized iPSC-based platform can act as a prescreening tool to help in decision-making with respect to patient's participation in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen Lester Sequiera
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Abhay Srivastava
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Niketa Sareen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Weiang Yan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Keshav Narayan Alagarsamy
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Elika Verma
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Mohamad Reza Aghanoori
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface General Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Michel Aliani
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface General Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Centre for Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Paul Fernyhough
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface General Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Cheryl Rockman-Greenberg
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Sanjiv Dhingra
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Corresponding author.
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157
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Bullard LE, Coffman CA, Kay JJM, Holloway JP, Moore RD, Pontifex MB. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-Related Self-Reported Symptoms Are Associated With Elevated Concussion Symptomatology. JOURNAL OF SPORT & EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 44:116-126. [PMID: 35213818 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2021-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present investigation was to provide insight into how postconcussion symptomatology may be altered in individuals exhibiting attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-related behaviors and examine factors that may be responsible for driving such relationships. A total of 99 individuals were assessed during the subacute phase of concussion recovery. Inattentive symptomatology, but not diagnosis of ADHD, was related to greater concussion-symptom severity and overall symptoms endorsed. Cluster and factor analyses highlighted that the relationship between ADHD symptomatology and concussion symptomatology was not a function of overlapping constructs being assessed (i.e., concussion-related symptomatology was not a proxy of ADHD-related symptomatology). These relationships were not mediated by parental observations of impairments in behaviors associated with executive functioning (i.e., executive dysfunction was not driving the greater concussion-related symptomatology associated with ADHD-related symptomatology). These findings highlight the importance of moving beyond categorical frameworks of ADHD to, instead, consider the continuum of underlying behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Bullard
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI,USA
| | - Colt A Coffman
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI,USA
| | - Jacob J M Kay
- Pediatric Concussion Clinic, Prisma Health Children's Hospital-Midlands, Columbia, SC,USA
| | - Jeffrey P Holloway
- Pediatric Concussion Clinic, Prisma Health Children's Hospital-Midlands, Columbia, SC,USA
| | - Robert D Moore
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC,USA
| | - Matthew B Pontifex
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI,USA
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Gramer G, Hoffmann GF. Second-tier strategies in newborn screening - potential and limitations. MED GENET-BERLIN 2022; 34:21-28. [PMID: 38836011 PMCID: PMC11006380 DOI: 10.1515/medgen-2022-2117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Newborn screening (NBS) is a public health measure to identify children with treatable disorders within the first days of life allowing presymptomatic treatment. It is the most successful measure of secondary medical prevention and part of public health programs in many countries worldwide. Application of second-tier strategies in NBS allows for increased specificity and consecutively a higher positive predictive value. Second-tier strategies can include analysis of specific biomarkers for a target disorder or may be based on molecular genetic analyses. Improving the quality of NBS, for example by second-tier strategies, is of utmost importance to maintain the high acceptance of NBS by families - especially as an increasing number of target disorders is being consecutively included into NBS programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendolyn Gramer
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University Children's Hospital, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Georg F Hoffmann
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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159
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USE OF KETOGENIC DIET THERAPY IN EPILEPSY WITH MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION: A SYSTEMATIC AND CRITICAL REVIEW. BIOTECHNOLOGIA ACTA 2022. [DOI: 10.15407/biotech15.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of molecular techniques over time more than %60 of epilepsy has associated with mitochondrial (mt) dysfunction. Ketogenic diet (KD) has been used in the treatment of epilepsy since the 1920s. Aim. To evaluate the evidence behind KD in mt dysfunction in epilepsy. Methods. Databases PubMed, Google Scholar and MEDLINE were searched in an umbrella approach to 12 March 2021 in English. To identify relevant studies specific search strategies were devised for the following topics: (1) mitochondrial dysfunction (2) epilepsy (3) KD treatment. Results. From 1794 papers, 36 articles were included in analysis: 16 (%44.44) preclinical studies, 11 (%30.55) case reports, 9 (%25) clinical studies. In all the preclinic studies, KD regulated the number of mt profiles, transcripts of metabolic enzymes and encoding mt proteins, protected the mice against to seizures and had an anticonvulsant mechanism. Case reports and clinical trials have reported patients with good results in seizure control and mt functions, although not all of them give good results as well as preclinical. Conclusion. Healthcare institutions, researchers, neurologists, health promotion organizations, and dietitians should consider these results to improve KD programs and disease outcomes for mt dysfunction in epilepsy.
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160
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Ahmed S, Akbar F, Ali AJ, Afroze B. Clinical, pathological and molecular spectrum of patients with glycogen storage diseases in Pakistan. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2022; 35:373-385. [PMID: 34989216 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2021-0575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluation of clinical, biochemical and molecular analysis of Pakistani patients with hepatic GSDs. METHODS Medical charts, biochemical, histopathological and molecular results of patients with hepatic GSD were reviewed. RESULTS Out of 55 GSD patients, 41 (74.5%) were males and 14 (25.5%) were females with consanguinity in 50 (91%) patients. The median age of initial symptoms, clinic diagnosis and molecular diagnosis were 450 (IQR: 270-960), 1,095 (IQR: 510-1,825) and 1717 (IQR: 796-3,011) days, respectively. Molecular analysis and enzyme activity was available for 33 (60%) and two patients, respectively. GSD III (n=9) was most prevalent followed by GSD Ib (n=7), GSD IXc (n=6), GSD VI (n=4), GSD Ia (n=3), GSD XI (n=3), GSD IXb (n=2) and GSD IXa (n=1). In patients (n=33) who underwent molecular analysis; 19 different variants in eight genes associated with GSD were identified. We also report five novel variants, two in SLC37A4, one in AGL and two in PYGL contributing to the diagnosis of GSD Ib, GSD III and GSD VI, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Fifty-five patients of GSDs in 26 families from a single care provider indicate a relatively high frequency of GSD in Pakistan, with multiple unrelated families harboring identical disease-causing variants, on molecular analysis, including two known pathogenic variants in SLC37A4 and PHKG2, and a novel variant in AGL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibtain Ahmed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Section of Chemical Pathology, The Aga Khan University (AKU) Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Fizza Akbar
- Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, The Aga Khan University (AKU) Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Amyna Jaffar Ali
- Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, The Aga Khan University (AKU) Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Afroze
- Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, The Aga Khan University (AKU) Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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Yang J, Liu D, Liu Z. Integration of Metabolomics and Proteomics in Exploring the Endothelial Dysfunction Mechanism Induced by Serum Exosomes From Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Nephropathy Patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:830466. [PMID: 35399949 PMCID: PMC8991685 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.830466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of diabetic microvascular diseases has increased significantly worldwide, the most common of which are diabetic nephropathy (DN) and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Microvascular endothelial cells are thought to be major targets of hyperglycemic damage, while the underlying mechanism of diffuse endothelial dysfunction in multiple organs needs to be further investigated. Aim The aim of this study is to explore the endothelial dysfunction mechanisms of serum exosomes (SExos) extracted from DR and DN (DRDN) patients. Methods In this study, human glomerular endothelial cells (HGECs) were used as the cell model. Metabolomics ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and proteomics tandem mass tag (TMT)-based liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) together with bioinformatics, the correlation analysis, and the joint pathway analysis were employed to discover the underlying mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction caused by patient's SExos. Results It can be assumed that serum exosomes extracted by DRDN patients might cause endothelial dysfunction mainly by upregulating alpha subunit of the coagulation factor fibrinogen (FIBA) and downregulating 1-methylhistidine (1-MH). Bioinformatics analysis pointed to an important role in reducing excess cysteine and methionine metabolism. Conclusion FIBA overexpression and 1-MH loss may be linked to the pathogenicity of diabetic endothelial dysfunction in DR/DN, implying that a cohort study is needed to further investigate the role of FIBA and 1-MH in the development of DN and DR, as well as the related pathways between the two proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongwei Liu
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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162
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Minighin EC, de Sousa RCS, Ramos ALCC, Dias LTS, Labanca RA, de Araújo RLB. Evaluation of the Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables by Phenylketonurics in the Metabolic Control of Phenylalanine: An Integrative Review. J Med Food 2022; 25:487-494. [PMID: 35325557 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by variants in the gene that encodes phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH), limiting the metabolism of phenylalanine (Phe). When PAH activity is absent or hindered, Phe is not converted to tyrosine, leading to an accumulation of Phe in the blood, which can cause serious neurological complications. Once PKU is diagnosed, treatment should be started immediately, and the basis for this is dietary restriction of foods with high levels of Phe, associated with the use of protein substitutes and intake of foods with low protein content. This restriction accompanies patients throughout their lives, making their diets unpalatable and monotonous, which represents a major challenge for health professionals and patients, considering that these factors favor food transgression. In this context, the objective of this work was to carry out an integrative review based on evidence regarding the intake of fruits and vegetables, by phenylketonurics, taking into account the greater or lesser tolerance to Phe. Since, some researchers have dedicated themselves to evaluating the biochemical effect of unrestricted consumption of fruits and vegetables at PKU, unifying the information in this regard. It was observed that the intake of vegetable protein by patients with PKU has shown to be promising since the studies indicate that the intake of these proteins does not present adverse effects to the metabolic control of the Phe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Carvalho Minighin
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Pampulha Campus, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Roberto César Santos de Sousa
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Pampulha Campus, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Coeli Cruz Ramos
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Pampulha Campus, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lorena Thais Souza Dias
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Pampulha Campus, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renata Adriana Labanca
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Pampulha Campus, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Raquel Linhares Bello de Araújo
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Pampulha Campus, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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163
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Petropoulos IN, Bitirgen G, Ferdousi M, Kalteniece A, Azmi S, D'Onofrio L, Lim SH, Ponirakis G, Khan A, Gad H, Mohammed I, Mohammadi YE, Malik A, Gosal D, Kobylecki C, Silverdale M, Soran H, Alam U, Malik RA. Corneal Confocal Microscopy to Image Small Nerve Fiber Degeneration: Ophthalmology Meets Neurology. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2022; 2:725363. [PMID: 35295436 PMCID: PMC8915697 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2021.725363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain has multiple etiologies, but a major feature is small fiber dysfunction or damage. Corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) is a rapid non-invasive ophthalmic imaging technique that can image small nerve fibers in the cornea and has been utilized to show small nerve fiber loss in patients with diabetic and other neuropathies. CCM has comparable diagnostic utility to intraepidermal nerve fiber density for diabetic neuropathy, fibromyalgia and amyloid neuropathy and predicts the development of diabetic neuropathy. Moreover, in clinical intervention trials of patients with diabetic and sarcoid neuropathy, corneal nerve regeneration occurs early and precedes an improvement in symptoms and neurophysiology. Corneal nerve fiber loss also occurs and is associated with disease progression in multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and dementia. We conclude that corneal confocal microscopy has good diagnostic and prognostic capability and fulfills the FDA criteria as a surrogate end point for clinical trials in peripheral and central neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gulfidan Bitirgen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Maryam Ferdousi
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Cardiovascular Trials Unit, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alise Kalteniece
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Cardiovascular Trials Unit, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Shazli Azmi
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Cardiovascular Trials Unit, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Luca D'Onofrio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Sze Hway Lim
- Department of Neurology, Salford Royal National Health System (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Adnan Khan
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hoda Gad
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ibrahim Mohammed
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Ayesha Malik
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - David Gosal
- Department of Neurology, Salford Royal National Health System (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Kobylecki
- Department of Neurology, Salford Royal National Health System (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Monty Silverdale
- Department of Neurology, Salford Royal National Health System (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Handrean Soran
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Cardiovascular Trials Unit, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Uazman Alam
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Clinical Sciences Centre, Pain Research Institute, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool University Hospital National Health System (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Rayaz A Malik
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Cardiovascular Trials Unit, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
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164
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Optimizing the Phenylalanine Cut-Off Value in a Newborn Screening Program. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13030517. [PMID: 35328070 PMCID: PMC8955183 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenylketonuria (PKU) was the first disorder for which newborn screening (NBS) was introduced in the early 1960s. Slovenia started the NBS program for PKU in 1979, and the fluorimetric method was implemented in 1992, with a phenylalanine (Phe) cut-off set at 120 mol/L. This value has been in use for almost thirty years and has never been revised. We aimed to analyze the DBS samples and review the data from a large nationwide cohort of newborns to optimize the cut-off values for HFA screening to minimize the number of false positives while maintaining the highest level of sensitivity by detecting all those who needed to be treated. In the first prospective part of the study, we analyzed samples of all newborns in Slovenia in 2019 and 2020, and in the second retrospective part, we reviewed data from all known patients with hyperphenylalaninemia (HFA) in Slovenia born from 2000 to 2018. We defined true screening-positive cases as those that required a low-Phe diet. The sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive values of the modeling elevation of the Phe cut-off value from 120 µmol/L to 200 µmol/L were assessed. The number of recalls at the cut-off of 120 µmol/L was 108 out of 37,784 samples at NBS (2019–2020). Six newborns were defined as true positives and 102 samples as false positives. If the cut-off value was adjusted to 160 µmol/L, only 12 samples exceeded it and all six true positive newborns would be detected. Among the 360,000 samples collected at the NBS between 2000 and 2018, 72 HFA patients in need of a low-Phe diet were found. All the diagnosed cases would have been detected if the cut-off was set to 160 µmol/L. We demonstrated in a large group of newborns (400,000 in 20 years) that using the fluorimetric approach, a cut-off value of 160 µmol/L, rather than 120 mol/L, is safe and that there were no missing true positive patients who required treatment. By increasing the cut-off, this method becomes more precise, resulting in a significantly reduced rate of false positives and thus being less burdensome on both families and the healthcare system.
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165
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Control of Cholesterol Metabolism Using a Systems Approach. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11030430. [PMID: 35336806 PMCID: PMC8945167 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Cholesterol is the main sterol in mammals that is essential for healthy cell functionining. It plays a key role in metabolic regulation and signaling, it is a precursor molecule of bile acids, oxysterols, and all steroid hormones. It also contributes to the structural makeup of the membranes. Its homeostasis is tightly controlled since it can harm the body if it is allowed to reach abnormal blood concentrations. One of the diseases associated with elevated cholesterol levels being the major cause of morbidities and mortalities worldwide, is atherosclerosis. In this study, we have developed a model of the cholesterol metabolism taking into account local inflammation and oxidative stress. The aim was to investigate the impact of the interplay of those processes and cholesterol metabolism disturbances on the atherosclerosis development and progression. We have also analyzed the effect of combining different classes of drugs targeting selected components of cholesterol metabolism. Abstract Cholesterol is an essential component of mammalian cells and is involved in many fundamental physiological processes; hence, its homeostasis in the body is tightly controlled, and any disturbance has serious consequences. Disruption of the cellular metabolism of cholesterol, accompanied by inflammation and oxidative stress, promotes the formation of atherosclerotic plaques and, consequently, is one of the leading causes of death in the Western world. Therefore, new drugs to regulate disturbed cholesterol metabolism are used and developed, which help to control cholesterol homeostasis but still do not entirely cure atherosclerosis. In this study, a Petri net-based model of human cholesterol metabolism affected by a local inflammation and oxidative stress, has been created and analyzed. The use of knockout of selected pathways allowed us to observe and study the effect of various combinations of commonly used drugs on atherosclerosis. The analysis results led to the conclusion that combination therapy, targeting multiple pathways, may be a fundamental concept in the development of more effective strategies for the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis.
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166
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Epidemiology of Phenylketonuria Disease in Jordan: Medical and Nutritional Challenges. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9030402. [PMID: 35327772 PMCID: PMC8947754 DOI: 10.3390/children9030402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is the most frequent inborn error in amino acid metabolism caused by a deficiency of the phenylalanine hydroxylase enzyme (PAH). If PKU is left untreated, high concentrations of phenylalanine (Phe) accumulate in the blood, leading to severe brain dysfunction, neurodevelopmental, behavioral and psychological problems. Data concerning the epidemiology of PKU in Jordan are limited. The main objectives of our study were to determine the prevalence of PKU in Jordan, analyze the PKU phenotypes, and identify major challenges in providing dietary management to PKU patients. Methods: Data were collected utilizing the medical records of PKU patients attending the PKU clinic at the Ministry of Health in Amman, Jordan, between 2008 and 2021. Results: The total number of patients diagnosed with PKU was 294. The prevalence of PKU was estimated to be 1/5263. Most patients were Jordanians (90.8%), and 9.2% were non-Jordanians. More than half of the patients (56%) were diagnosed through the national newborn screening (NBS) program. Regarding the phenotypes of PKU, 46.6% had moderate PKU, whereas 42.9% had the classic type of PKU and only 8 (2.7%) had cofactor Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) deficiency (atypical PKU). According to the age of diagnosis, 66% of patients were diagnosed more than 30 days post-birth. Consanguinity was found in 87.4% of patients, and the majority of patients, 218 (74.2%), had first-degree consanguinity. The most common complication was mental retardation (31%). Most patients were committed to dietary management (83%) and developed fewer complications. Conclusion: In our study, we demonstrated the importance of the NBS program in the early identification and diagnosis of new PKU cases which allows the initiation of treatment and dietary management to prevent severe complications of PKU in Jordan.
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167
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Li Z, Liu M, Chen C, Pan Y, Cui X, Sun J, Zhao F, Cao Y. Simultaneous determination of serum homocysteine, cysteine and methionine in patients with schizophrenia by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5366. [PMID: 35274340 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a debilitating psychiatric disorder affecting approximately 1% of the population worldwide. Disturbances of the homocysteine metabolism are important factors in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In this research, a novel validated LC-MS/MS quantification procedure was developed to investigate three significant compounds of homocysteine metabolism, homocysteine, cysteine and methionine in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Sample preparation involved a reduction with dithiothreitol followed by protein precipitation, and the chromatographic runtime was 2 min. The LC-MS/MS method was validated according to CLSI C62-A and Chinese Guidance for Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Clinical Application. The performance of the method was excellent with a coefficient of variation for precision in the range 0.5%-6.9%, an accuracy from 90.4% to 101.6%. In addition, the practical applicability of the method was demonstrated by applying it in the routine sample analysis for the schizophrenic patient. Increased homocysteine levels and decreased cysteine levels were observed in the patient with schizophrenia. These results indicate that the activity of transsulfuration pathway may play a key role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguo Li
- The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Mingli Liu
- Dalian Runsheng Kangtai Medical Lab Co. Ltd, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Chunwu Chen
- Shenyang Mental Health Center, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Yongqiang Pan
- Dalian Runsheng Kangtai Medical Lab Co. Ltd, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Xueting Cui
- Dalian Runsheng Kangtai Medical Lab Co. Ltd, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Jian Sun
- Dalian Runsheng Kangtai Medical Lab Co. Ltd, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Furong Zhao
- Dalian Runsheng Kangtai Medical Lab Co. Ltd, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Cao
- Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics. Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China
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168
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Malik RA, Efron N. Corneal Confocal Microscopy and the Nervous System: Introduction to the Special Issue. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11061475. [PMID: 35329801 PMCID: PMC8953792 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rayaz A. Malik
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Research Division, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha 24144, Qatar;
| | - Nathan Efron
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia
- Correspondence:
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169
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Stepien KM, Bentley A, Chen C, Dhemech MW, Gee E, Orton P, Pringle C, Rajan J, Saxena A, Tol G, Gadepalli C. Non-cardiac Manifestations in Adult Patients With Mucopolysaccharidosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:839391. [PMID: 35321113 PMCID: PMC8935042 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.839391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a heterogeneous group of disorders that results in the absence or deficiency of lysosomal enzymes, leading to an inappropriate storage of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in various tissues of the body such as bones, cartilage, heart valves, arteries, upper airways, cornea, teeth, liver and nervous system. Clinical manifestations can become progressively exacerbated with age and affect their quality of life. Developments in advanced supportive treatment options such as enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) may have improved patients' life span. Adult MPS patients require specialist clinical surveillance long-term. In many cases, in addition to the MPS-related health problems, they may develop age-related complications. Considering the complexity of their clinical manifestations and lack of guidelines on the management of adult MPS disorders, multispecialty and multidisciplinary teams' care is essential to diagnose and treat health problems that are likely to be encountered. This review presents non-cardiac clinical manifestations, their pathophysiology, management and long-term outcomes in adult MPS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina M. Stepien
- Adult Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Salford Royal National Health Service Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Bentley
- Northwest Ventilation Unit and Sleep Department, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Intensive Care & Respiratory Medicine, Manchester University National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Cliff Chen
- Clinical Neuropsychology, Salford Royal National Health Service Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - M. Wahab Dhemech
- Northwest Ventilation Unit and Sleep Department, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Gee
- Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Salford Royal National Health Service Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Orton
- Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Salford Royal National Health Service Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Pringle
- Neurosurgery, Salford Royal National Health Service Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Rajan
- Manchester and Salford Pain Centre, Salford Royal National Health Service Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Ankur Saxena
- Neurosurgery, Salford Royal National Health Service Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Govind Tol
- Anaesthetics Department, Salford Royal National Health Service Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Chaitanya Gadepalli
- Ear, Nose and Throat, Salford Royal National Health Service Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom
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170
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Begasse de Dhaem O, Robbins MS. Cognitive Impairment in Primary and Secondary Headache Disorders. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2022; 26:391-404. [PMID: 35239156 PMCID: PMC8891733 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-022-01039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review To critically evaluate the recent literature on cognitive impairment and headache. Recent Findings Neurocognitive symptoms are prevalent, debilitating, and occur often with both primary and secondary headache disorders. Summary This is a “narrative review of the current literature in PubMed on cognitive function and headache.” Migraine is associated with cognitive impairment years before a migraine diagnosis. In young and middle-aged adults, migraine is associated with deficits in attention, executive function, processing speed, and memory. It is unlikely that migraine is associated with dementia. Although methodologically difficult to assess, there does not seem to be an association between tension-type headache and cognitive dysfunction. In early to midlife, cluster headache seems to be associated with executive dysfunction. Several secondary headache syndromes relevant to clinicians managing headache disorders are associated with poorer cognitive performance or distinctive cognitive patterns, including those attributed to chronic cerebral or systemic vascular disorders, trauma, and derangements of intracranial pressure and volume, including frontotemporal brain sagging syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew S Robbins
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
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171
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Ezgu F, Alpsoy E, Bicik Bahcebasi Z, Kasapcopur O, Palamar M, Onay H, Ozdemir BH, Topcuoglu MA, Tufekcioglu O. Expert opinion on the recognition, diagnosis and management of children and adults with Fabry disease: a multidisciplinary Turkey perspective. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:90. [PMID: 35236382 PMCID: PMC8889663 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02215-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This consensus statement by a panel of Fabry experts aimed to identify areas of consensus on conceptual, clinical and therapeutic aspects of Fabry disease (FD) and to provide guidance to healthcare providers on best practice in the management of pediatric and adult patients with FD. This consensus statement indicated the clinical heterogeneity of FD as well as a large number of pathogenic variants in the GLA gene, emphasizing a need for an individualized approach to patient care. The experts reached consensus on the critical role of a high index of suspicion in symptomatic patients and screening of certain at-risk groups to reveal timely and accurate diagnosis of FD along with an increased awareness of the treating physician about the different kinds of pathogenic variants and their clinical implications. The experts emphasized the crucial role of timely recognition of FD with minimal delay from symptom onset to definite diagnosis in better management of FD patients, given the likelihood of changing the disease's natural history, improving the patients' quality of life and the prognosis after enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) administered through a coordinated, multidisciplinary care approach. In this regard, this consensus document is expected to increase awareness among physicians about unique characteristics of FD to assist clinicians in recognizing FD with a well-established clinical suspicion consistent with pathogenic variants and gender-based heterogeneous clinical manifestations of FD and in translating this information into their clinical practice for best practice in the management of patients with FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Ezgu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Metabolism and Division of Pediatric Genetics, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, 06560, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Erkan Alpsoy
- Department of Dermatology, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Zerrin Bicik Bahcebasi
- Clinic of Nephrology, Kartal Dr. Lutfu Kirdar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Kasapcopur
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melis Palamar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Onay
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | | | - Omac Tufekcioglu
- University of Health Sciences Department of Cardiology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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172
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Wan Y, Zong C, Li X, Wang A, Li Y, Yang T, Bao Q, Dubow M, Yang M, Rodrigo LA, Mao C. New Insights for Biosensing: Lessons from Microbial Defense Systems. Chem Rev 2022; 122:8126-8180. [PMID: 35234463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms have gained defense systems during the lengthy process of evolution over millions of years. Such defense systems can protect them from being attacked by invading species (e.g., CRISPR-Cas for establishing adaptive immune systems and nanopore-forming toxins as virulence factors) or enable them to adapt to different conditions (e.g., gas vesicles for achieving buoyancy control). These microorganism defense systems (MDS) have inspired the development of biosensors that have received much attention in a wide range of fields including life science research, food safety, and medical diagnosis. This Review comprehensively analyzes biosensing platforms originating from MDS for sensing and imaging biological analytes. We first describe a basic overview of MDS and MDS-inspired biosensing platforms (e.g., CRISPR-Cas systems, nanopore-forming proteins, and gas vesicles), followed by a critical discussion of their functions and properties. We then discuss several transduction mechanisms (optical, acoustic, magnetic, and electrical) involved in MDS-inspired biosensing. We further detail the applications of the MDS-inspired biosensors to detect a variety of analytes (nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, pathogens, cells, small molecules, and metal ions). In the end, we propose the key challenges and future perspectives in seeking new and improved MDS tools that can potentially lead to breakthrough discoveries in developing a new generation of biosensors with a combination of low cost; high sensitivity, accuracy, and precision; and fast detection. Overall, this Review gives a historical review of MDS, elucidates the principles of emulating MDS to develop biosensors, and analyzes the recent advancements, current challenges, and future trends in this field. It provides a unique critical analysis of emulating MDS to develop robust biosensors and discusses the design of such biosensors using elements found in MDS, showing that emulating MDS is a promising approach to conceptually advancing the design of biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Marine College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Chengli Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Marine College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Xiangpeng Li
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 Fourth Street, Byers Hall 303C, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Aimin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Marine College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Tao Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Qing Bao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Michael Dubow
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), UMR 9198 CNRS, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Campus C.N.R.S, Bâtiment 12, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mingying Yang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Ledesma-Amaro Rodrigo
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Science Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
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173
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Nickel M, Schulz A. Natural History Studies in NCL and Their Expanding Role in Drug Development: Experiences From CLN2 Disease and Relevance for Clinical Trials. Front Neurol 2022; 13:785841. [PMID: 35211079 PMCID: PMC8861081 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.785841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Conducting clinical trials in rare diseases is challenging. In trials that aim to use natural history control cohorts for evaluation of efficacy, lack of data on natural history of disease prolongs development of future therapies significantly. Therefore, collection of valid natural history data in clinical settings is needed to advance drug development. These data need to fulfill requirements on type of collection, quantifiable measures on the course of disease, verification and monitoring as well as compliance to strict data protection and sharing policies. Disease registries can be a source for patient data. Late-infantile CLN2 disease is characterized by rapid psychomotor decline and epilepsy. Natural-history data of 140 genotype-confirmed CLN2 patients from two independent, international cohorts were analyzed in a natural history study. Both datasets included quantitative ratings with disease-specific clinical scores. Among 41 patients for whom longitudinal assessments spanning an extended disease course were available within the DEM-CHILD DB (an international NCL disease patient database, NCT04613089), a rapid loss of motor and language abilities was documented in quantitative detail. Data showed that the course of disease in late-infantile CLN2 disease is highly predictable with regard to the loss of language and motor function and that the results were homogeneous across multiple and international sites. These data were accepted by EMA and FDA as valid natural-history controls for the evaluation of efficacy in experimental therapies for CLN2 disease and led to an expedited approval of intracerebroventricular enzyme replacement therapy with cerliponase alpha in May 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Nickel
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Angela Schulz
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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174
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Silva CAB, Andrade LGMD, Vaisbich MH, Barreto FDC. Brazilian consensus recommendations for the diagnosis, screening, and treatment of individuals with fabry disease: Committee for Rare Diseases - Brazilian Society of Nephrology/2021. J Bras Nefrol 2022; 44:249-267. [PMID: 35212703 PMCID: PMC9269181 DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2021-0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked inherited disorder caused by mutations in the GLA gene encoding enzyme alpha-galactosidase A (α-Gal A). The purpose of this study was to produce a consensus statement to standardize the recommendations concerning kidney involvement in FD and provide advice on the diagnosis, screening, and treatment of adult and pediatric patients. This consensus document was organized from an initiative led by the Committee for Rare Diseases (Comdora) of the Brazilian Society of Nephrology (SBN). The review considered randomized clinical trials, real-world data studies, and the expertise of its authors. The purpose of this consensus statement is to help manage patient and physician expectations concerning the outcomes of treatment. Our recommendations must be interpreted within the context of available evidence. The decisions pertaining to each individual case must be made with the involvement of patients and their families and take into account not only the potential cost of treatment, but also concurrent conditions and personal preferences. The Comdora intends to update these recommendations regularly so as to reflect recent literature evidence, real-world data, and appreciate the professional experience of those involved. This consensus document establishes clear criteria for the diagnosis of FD and for when to start or stop specific therapies or adjuvant measures, to thus advise the medical community and standardize clinical practice.
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175
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The Mitochondrial Genome in Aging and Disease and the Future of Mitochondrial Therapeutics. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020490. [PMID: 35203698 PMCID: PMC8962324 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are intracellular organelles that utilize nutrients to generate energy in the form of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in humans is a 16,569 base pair double-stranded circular DNA that encodes for 13 vital proteins of the electron transport chain. Our understanding of the mitochondrial genome’s transcription, translation, and maintenance is still emerging, and human pathologies caused by mtDNA dysfunction are widely observed. Additionally, a correlation between declining mitochondrial DNA quality and copy number with organelle dysfunction in aging is well-documented in the literature. Despite tremendous advancements in nuclear gene-editing technologies and their value in translational avenues, our ability to edit mitochondrial DNA is still limited. In this review, we discuss the current therapeutic landscape in addressing the various pathologies that result from mtDNA mutations. We further evaluate existing gene therapy efforts, particularly allotopic expression and its potential to become an indispensable tool for restoring mitochondrial health in disease and aging.
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176
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In Vivo Metabolic Responses to Different Formulations of Amino Acid Mixtures for the Treatment of Phenylketonuria (PKU). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042227. [PMID: 35216344 PMCID: PMC8877664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism where the mainstay of treatment is a Phe restricted diet consisting of a combination of limited amounts of natural protein with supplementation of Phe-free or low-Phe protein substitutes and special low protein foods. Suboptimal outcomes may be related to the different absorption kinetics of free AAs, which have lower biological efficacy than natural proteins. Physiomimic TechnologyTM is a technology engineered to prolong AA (AA-PT) release allowing physiological absorption and masking the odor and taste of free AAs. The aim of these studies was to assess the impact of AA-PT formulation on selected functional and metabolic parameters both in acute and long-term experimental studies. Adult rats in fasting conditions were randomized in different groups and treated by oral gavage. Acute AA-PT administration resulted in significantly lower BUN at 90 min versus baseline. Both BUN and glycemia were modulated in the same direction as intact casein protein. Long-term treatment with AA-PT significantly reduces the protein expression of the muscle degradation marker Bnip3L (−46%) while significantly increasing the proliferation of market myostatin (+58%). Animals dosed for 15 days with AA-PT had significantly stronger grip strength (+30%) versus baseline. In conclusion, the results suggest that the AA-PT formulation may have beneficial effects on both AA oxidation and catabolism with a direct impact on muscle as well as on other metabolic pathways.
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177
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Glycomacropeptide in PKU-Does It Live Up to Its Potential? Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040807. [PMID: 35215457 PMCID: PMC8875363 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of casein glycomacropeptide (CGMP) as a protein substitute in phenylketonuria (PKU) has grown in popularity. CGMP is derived from κ casein and is a sialic-rich glycophosphopeptide, formed by the action of chymosin during the production of cheese. It comprises 20–25% of total protein in whey products and has key biomodulatory properties. In PKU, the amino acid sequence of CGMP has been adapted by adding the amino acids histidine, leucine, methionine, tyrosine and tryptophan naturally low in CGMP. The use of CGMP compared to mono amino acids (L-AAs) as a protein substitute in the treatment of PKU promises several potential clinical benefits, although any advantage is supported only by evidence from non-PKU conditions or PKU animal models. This review examines if there is sufficient evidence to support the bioactive properties of CGMP leading to physiological benefits when compared to L-AAs in PKU, with a focus on blood phenylalanine control and stability, body composition, growth, bone density, breath odour and palatability.
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178
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Wang W, Yang A, Zhang H, Li Y, Yang J, Zhao W, Wang Z, Lou H, Wang W, Liang T, Zhang L, Su X, Wang C, Wang J, Song J, Li L, Lv W, Zhao C, Hao M. Associations of RBC and Serum Folate Concentrations with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia and High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Genotypes in Female Chinese Adults. J Nutr 2022; 152:466-474. [PMID: 35051275 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although folate status is associated with cervical carcinogenesis, it is not clear whether folate deficiency is associated with risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) progression and infection with high-risk human-papillomavirus (hrHPV). OBJECTIVES To evaluate the associations of RBC and serum folate concentrations with prevalence of CIN grades and hrHPV infection, their interactions with prevalence of CIN grades, and RBC folate with the risk of CIN1 progressing to CIN2. METHODS Using data from the Shanxi CIN cohort of 2304 female Chinese adults, we used logistic-regression model to estimate ORs and prevalence ratios (PRs) of RBC and serum folate concentrations with prevalence of CIN grades and hrHPV infection. Categoric and spline analyses were used to evaluate the dose-response relations. We estimated the association of RBC folate with risk of CIN1 progressing to CIN2 in the nested case-control cohort. RESULTS An inverse association was observed between increased RBC folate concentration and the odds of all CIN grades [quartile 1 (Q1) compared with Q4: OR: 2.28; 95% CI: 1.77, 2.93; Ptrend < 0.001]. Significant interaction of RBC folate and hrHPV infection was observed for prevalence of CIN2 or above (Pinteraction < 0.01). No associations were found between RBC and serum folate with PRs of hrHPV in each CIN grade. Over a median follow-up of 21.0 mo, RBC folate was associated with increased risk of CIN1 progressing to CIN2 (Q1 compared with Q4: OR: 3.86; 95% CI: 1.01, 14.76). CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that RBC folate concentration is associated with prevalence of CIN grades and CIN1 progression in female Chinese adults. Maintenance of normal folate status is important for reducing the risk of CIN and its progression in women with or without hrHPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Aimin Yang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huina Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yuanxing Li
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Weihong Zhao
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhilian Wang
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Haixia Lou
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Wenhao Wang
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Tingting Liang
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Su
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jintao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jinghui Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Weiguo Lv
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chengquan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Min Hao
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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179
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Rosser BA, Chan C, Hoschtitzky A. Surgical Management of Valvular Heart Disease in Mucopolysaccharidoses: A Review of Literature. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020375. [PMID: 35203584 PMCID: PMC8962304 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidoses are extremely rare diseases that are frequently presenting with structural heart problems of the aortic and mitral valve in combination with myocardial dysfunction. In a substantial proportion, this leads to heart failure and is a leading cause of death in these patients. As this glycosaminoglycan degradation defect is associated with other conditions strongly influencing the perioperative risk and choice of surgical technique, multidisciplinary planning is crucial to improve short- and long-term outcomes. The extensive variance in clinical presentation between different impaired enzymes, and further within subgroups, calls for personalised treatment plans. Enzyme replacement therapies and bone marrow transplantation carry great potential as they may significantly abrogate the progress of the disease and as such reduce the clinical burden and improve life expectancy. Nevertheless, structural heart interventions may be required. We reviewed the existing literature of the less than 50 published cases regarding surgical management, technique, and choice of prostheses. Although improvement in therapy has shown promising results in protecting valvar tissue when initiated in infancy, concerns regarding stability of this effect and durability of biological prostheses remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A. Rosser
- Department of Congenital Heart Surgery, Royal Brompton Hospital, London SW3 6NP, UK; (C.C.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Calvin Chan
- Department of Congenital Heart Surgery, Royal Brompton Hospital, London SW3 6NP, UK; (C.C.); (A.H.)
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, St. Mary’s Hospital, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - Andreas Hoschtitzky
- Department of Congenital Heart Surgery, Royal Brompton Hospital, London SW3 6NP, UK; (C.C.); (A.H.)
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180
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Lysosphingolipid urine screening test using mass spectrometry for the early detection of lysosomal storage disorders. Bioanalysis 2022; 14:289-306. [PMID: 35118880 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2021-0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sphingolipidoses are caused by a defective sphingolipid catabolism, leading to an accumulation of several glycolipid species in tissues and resulting in neurotoxicity and severe systemic manifestations. Methods & results: Urine samples from controls and patients were purified by solid-phase extraction prior to the analysis by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) combined with MS/MS. A UPLC-MS/MS method for the analysis of 21 urinary creatinine-normalized biomarkers for eight diseases was developed and validated. Conclusion: Considering the growing demand to identify patients with different sphingolipidoses early and reliably, this methodology will be applied for high-risk screening to target efficiently patients with various sphingolipidoses.
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181
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Poswar FDO, Santos HS, Santos ABS, Berger SV, de Souza CFM, Giugliani R, Baldo G. Progression of Cardiovascular Manifestations in Adults and Children With Mucopolysaccharidoses With and Without Enzyme Replacement Therapy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:801147. [PMID: 35097020 PMCID: PMC8790121 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.801147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular involvement is among the main features of MPS disorders and it is also a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The range of manifestations includes cardiac valve disease, conduction abnormalities, left ventricular hypertrophy, and coronary artery disease. Here, we assessed the cardiovascular manifestations in a cohort of children and adults with MPS I, II, IV, and VI, as well as the impact of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) on those manifestations. Methods: We performed a chart review of 53 children and 23 adults with different types of MPS that had performed echocardiograms from January 2000 until October 2018. Standardized Z scores were obtained for heart chamber sizes according to the body surface area. When available, echocardiographic measurements that were performed before ERT and at least 18 months after that date were used for the assessment of pre- and post-treatment parameters. Results: Left side valvular disease was a frequent finding, with mitral and aortic thickening being reported in most patients in all four MPS types. Left atrium dilatation was present in 26% of the patients; 25% had increased relative wall thickness; 28% had pulmonary hypertension. The cardiovascular involvement was, in general, more prevalent and more severe in adults than in children, including conduction disorders (40 vs. 16%), mitral stenosis (26 vs. 6%), aortic stenosis (13 vs. 4%), and systolic dysfunction (observed in only one adult patient). ERT promoted a significant reduction of the left ventricular hypertrophy parameters, but failed to improve valve abnormalities, pulmonary hypertension, and left atrial dilatation. Conclusions: Adult patients with MPS may develop severe cardiovascular involvement, not commonly observed in children, and clinicians should be aware of the need for careful monitoring and timely management of those potentially life-threatening complications. Our results also confirm the impact of long-term ERT on left ventricular hypertrophy and its limitations in reversing other prevalent cardiovascular manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano de Oliveira Poswar
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Hallana Souza Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Angela Barreto Santiago Santos
- Cardiology Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Medical School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Roberto Giugliani
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Baldo
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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182
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Measuring Burden of Illness in Phenylketonuria (PKU): Development of the PKU Symptom Severity and Impacts Scale as a Robust Patient-Reported Outcome. Adv Ther 2022; 39:971-991. [PMID: 34921666 PMCID: PMC8684342 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-021-01986-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a rare, metabolic genetic disorder that can cause various neuropsychological symptoms that often affect patients’ health-related quality of life, even for patients with good metabolic control. To date, no patient-reported outcomes (PRO) instrument combines the measurement of neuropsychological and dietary concepts to capture the broad impact of PKU on quality of life. This article presents the development of the PKU Symptom Severity and Impacts Scale (PKU-SSIS), a PRO instrument that is designed to evaluate neuropsychological symptoms and impacts in early-treated patients with PKU. Methods A draft instrument was developed based on a targeted literature review, PKU expert physician interviews, and an advisory board consisting of patients with PKU. Qualitative interviews combining concept elicitation/cognitive interviews were conducted with patients with classic PKU aged at least 15 years old. A separate sample of 20 patients with PKU completed the draft PKU-SSIS in a paper survey format, to enable preliminary assessment of any floor and ceiling effects. Results Patient interviews elicited four key symptom themes: neurocognitive function, emotional and behavioral, physical functioning, and physical health. Four impact themes were also identified: social function, physical health, emotions, and level of independence. No floor or ceiling effects were identified. Conclusion The final instrument included 22 items, covering three symptom domains (1. emotional, mood, and psychological; 2. (neuro)cognitive, executive, and intellectual function; and 3. physical health), and four impact domains (1. social relations, 2. level of independence, 3. general well-being, and 4. self-care). The PKU-SSIS will help to address an important gap in the evaluation of existing and future treatments for PKU.
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183
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Differential effects of mTOR inhibition and dietary ketosis in a mouse model of subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 163:105594. [PMID: 34933094 PMCID: PMC8770160 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic mitochondrial diseases are the most frequent cause of inherited metabolic disorders and one of the most prevalent causes of heritable neurological disease. Leigh syndrome is the most common clinical presentation of pediatric mitochondrial disease, typically appearing in the first few years of life, and involving severe multisystem pathologies. Clinical care for Leigh syndrome patients is difficult, complicated by the wide range of symptoms including characteristic progressive CNS lesion, metabolic sequelae, and epileptic seizures, which can be intractable to standard management. While no proven therapies yet exist for the underlying mitochondrial disease, a ketogenic diet has led to some reports of success in managing mitochondrial epilepsies, with ketosis reducing seizure risk and severity. The impact of ketosis on other aspects of disease progression in Leigh syndrome has not been studied, however, and a rigorous study of the impact of ketosis on seizures in mitochondrial disease is lacking. Conversely, preclinical efforts have identified the intracellular nutrient signaling regulator mTOR as a promising therapeutic target, with data suggesting the benefits are mediated by metabolic changes. mTOR inhibition alleviates epilepsies arising from defects in TSC, an mTOR regulator, but the therapeutic potential of mTOR inhibition in seizures related to primary mitochondrial dysfunction is unknown. Given that ketogenic diet is used clinically in the setting of mitochondrial disease, and mTOR inhibition is in clinical trials for intractable pediatric epilepsies of diverse causal origins, a direct experimental assessment of their effects is imperative. Here, we define the impact of dietary ketosis on survival and CNS disease in the Ndufs4(KO) mouse model of Leigh syndrome and the therapeutic potential of both dietary ketosis and mTOR inhibition on seizures in this model. These data provide timely insight into two important clinical interventions.
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184
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Pérez-Cruz E, González-Rivera C, Valencia-Olvera LDCG. Immunonutrition for the acute treatment of MELAS syndrome. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2022; 69:144-148. [PMID: 35256057 DOI: 10.1016/j.endien.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
MELAS syndrome (Mitochondrial Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis and Stroke-like episodes) is one of the most frequent mitochondrial pathologies. Its diagnosis is based on the classic triad of symptoms its acronym stands for and the presence of ragged red fibres. There is currently no curative therapy for MELAS, and treatment focuses on managing complications that affect specific organs and functions. However, some immunonutrients can be used as a therapeutic alternative in patients with MELAS. We present a scientific literature review accompanied by the clinical case of a patient with dementia and seizures admitted to the intensive care unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Pérez-Cruz
- Metabolic Unit and Nutritional Support, Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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185
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Entchev E, Antonelli S, Mauro V, Cimbolini N, Jantzen I, Roussey A, Germain JM, Zhang H, Luccarrini JM, Lacombe O, Young SP, Feraille L, Tallandier M. MPS VI associated ocular phenotypes in an MPS VI murine model and the therapeutic effects of odiparcil treatment. Mol Genet Metab 2022; 135:143-153. [PMID: 34417096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Maroteaux - Lamy syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis type VI, MPS VI) is a lysosomal storage disease resulting from insufficient enzymatic activity for degradation of the specific glycosaminoglycans (GAG) chondroitin sulphate (CS) and dermatan sulphate (DS). Among the most pronounced MPS VI clinical manifestations caused by cellular accumulation of excess CS and DS are eye disorders, in particular those that affect the cornea. Ocular manifestations are not treated by the current standard of care, enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), leaving patients with a significant unmet need. Using in vitro and in vivo models, we previously demonstrated the potential of the β-D-xyloside, odiparcil, as an oral GAG clearance therapy for MPS VI. Here, we characterized the eye phenotypes in MPS VI arylsulfatase B deficient mice (Arsb-) and studied the effects of odiparcil treatment in early and established disease models. Severe levels of opacification and GAG accumulation were detected in the eyes of MPS VI Arsb- mice. Histological examination of MPS VI Arsb- eyes showed an aggregate of corneal phenotypes, including reduction in the corneal epithelium thickness and number of epithelial cell layers, and morphological malformations in the stroma. In addition, colloidal iron staining showed specifically GAG accumulation in the cornea. Orally administered odiparcil markedly reduced GAG accumulation in the eyes of MPS VI Arsb- mice in both disease models and restored the corneal morphology (epithelial layers and stromal structure). In the early disease model of MPS VI, odiparcil partially reduced corneal opacity area, but did not affect opacity area in the established model. Analysis of GAG types accumulating in the MPS VI Arsb- eyes demonstrated major contribution of DS and CS, with some increase in heparan sulphate (HS) as well and all were reduced with odiparcil treatment. Taken together, we further reveal the potential of odiparcil to be an effective therapy for eye phenotypes associated with MPS VI disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sophie Antonelli
- Iris Pharma, Les Nertiéres, Allée Hector Pintus, La Gaude 06610, France
| | - Virginie Mauro
- Iris Pharma, Les Nertiéres, Allée Hector Pintus, La Gaude 06610, France
| | - Nicolas Cimbolini
- Iris Pharma, Les Nertiéres, Allée Hector Pintus, La Gaude 06610, France
| | | | | | | | - Haoyue Zhang
- Duke University Health System Biochemical Genetics Lab, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Sarah P Young
- Duke University Health System Biochemical Genetics Lab, Durham, NC, USA; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Laurence Feraille
- Iris Pharma, Les Nertiéres, Allée Hector Pintus, La Gaude 06610, France
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186
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Jankovic M, Petrovic B, Novakovic I, Brankovic S, Radosavljevic N, Nikolic D. The Genetic Basis of Strokes in Pediatric Populations and Insight into New Therapeutic Options. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031601. [PMID: 35163523 PMCID: PMC8835808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Strokes within pediatric populations are considered to be the 10th leading cause of death in the United States of America, with over half of such events occurring in children younger than one year of life. The multifactorial etiopathology that has an influence on stroke development and occurrence signify the importance of the timely recognition of both modifiable and non-modifiable factors for adequate diagnostic and treatment approaches. The early recognition of a stroke and stroke risk in children has the potential to advance the application of neuroprotective, thrombolytic, and antithrombotic interventions and rehabilitation strategies to the earliest possible timepoints after the onset of a stroke, improving the outcomes and quality of life for affected children and their families. The recent development of molecular genetic methods has greatly facilitated the analysis and diagnosis of single-gene disorders. In this review, the most significant single gene disorders associated with pediatric stroke are presented, along with specific therapeutic options whenever they exist. Besides monogenic disorders that may present with stroke as a first symptom, genetic polymorphisms may contribute to the risk of pediatric and perinatal stroke. The most frequently studied genetic risk factors are several common polymorphisms in genes associated with thrombophilia; these genes code for proteins that are part of the coagulation cascade, fibrolysis, homocystein metabolism, lipid metabolism, or platelets. Single polymorphism frequencies may not be sufficient to completely explain the stroke causality and an analysis of several genotype combinations is a more promising approach. The recent steps forward in our understanding of the disorders underlying strokes has given us a next generation of therapeutics and therapeutic targets by which to improve stroke survival, protect or rebuild neuronal connections in the brain, and enhance neural function. Advances in DNA sequencing and the development of new tools to correct human gene mutations have brought genetic analysis and gene therapy into the focus of investigations for new therapeutic options for stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Jankovic
- Neurology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Bojana Petrovic
- Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Ivana Novakovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Slavko Brankovic
- Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Priština in Kosovska Mitrovica, 38220 Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia;
| | - Natasa Radosavljevic
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, Taif 26521, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Dejan Nikolic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, University Children’s Hospital, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence:
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187
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Andrade I, Ribeiro R, Carneiro ZA, Giugliani R, Pereira C, Cozma C, Grinberg D, Vilageliu L, Lourenco CM. Fifteen years of enzyme replacement therapy for mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome): a case report. J Med Case Rep 2022; 16:46. [PMID: 35078524 PMCID: PMC8787900 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-021-03240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mucopolysaccharidosis VI, or Maroteaux–Lamy disease, is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by deficiency of the enzyme arylsulfatase B in the lysosomal catabolism of glycosaminoglycans. Due to reduced (or even null) enzyme activity, glycosaminoglycans (mainly dermatan sulfate) accumulates, leading to a multisystemic disease. Mucopolysaccharidosis VI induces reduced growth, coarse face, audiovisual deficits, osteoarticular deformities, and cardiorespiratory issues, hampering the quality of life of the patient. Enzyme replacement therapy with galsulfase (Naglazyme, BioMarin Pharmaceuticals Inc., USA) is the specific treatment for this condition. Although studies have shown that enzyme replacement therapy slows the progression of the disease, the effects of long-term enzyme replacement therapy remain poorly understood. Case presentation A 29-year-old, Caucasian, male patient diagnosed with mucopolysaccharidosis VI was treated with enzyme replacement therapy for over 15 years. Enzyme replacement therapy was initiated when patient was 13 years old. The patient evolved multiplex dysostosis, carpal tunnel syndrome, thickened mitral valve, and hearing and visual loss.
Conclusions Although enzyme replacement therapy did not prevent the main signs of mucopolysaccharidosis VI, it slowed their progression. Additionally, enzyme replacement therapy was associated with a longer survival compared with the untreated affected sibling. Taken together, the results indicate that enzyme replacement therapy positively modified the course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora Andrade
- Faculdade de Medicina, Centro Universitário Estácio de Ribeirão Preto, Rua Abrahão Issa Halach, 980, Ribeirânia, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14096-160, Brazil
| | - River Ribeiro
- Faculdade de Medicina, Centro Universitário Estácio de Ribeirão Preto, Rua Abrahão Issa Halach, 980, Ribeirânia, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14096-160, Brazil
| | - Zumira A Carneiro
- Faculdade de Medicina, Centro Universitário Estácio de Ribeirão Preto, Rua Abrahão Issa Halach, 980, Ribeirânia, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14096-160, Brazil
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- Serviço de Genética Médica e Grupo de Pesquisa DR BRASIL, Hospital das Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Daniel Grinberg
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, IRSJD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluïsa Vilageliu
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, IRSJD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Charles M Lourenco
- Faculdade de Medicina, Centro Universitário Estácio de Ribeirão Preto, Rua Abrahão Issa Halach, 980, Ribeirânia, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14096-160, Brazil.
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188
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Cazanave Mora JM, Del Valle García R, Pérez López L, Bequer Ariza DC, Zulueta Rodríguez O, Melchor Rodríguez A, Hernández Pérez L, López Cisneros R, Arteaga Yera AL, Silva Cabrera E, Fernández Yero JL. Measurement of total and free prostate specific antigen (PSA) in human serum samples using an ultra-microanalytical system. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 208:114470. [PMID: 34798395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a serine protease used for the screening of prostate cancer. The total portion of PSA (tPSA) can be found in its free form (fPSA), or bound to other proteins forming a stable complex. A heterogeneous sandwich-type UltraMicro Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (UMELISA) has been developed for the measurement of tPSA and fPSA in human serum samples. Strips coated with a high affinity monoclonal antibody (MAb) directed against PSA are used as solid phase, to ensure the specificity of the assay. Biotinylated MAbs specific for tPSA and fPSA ensured sensitivity, given the high affinity binding to streptavidin. The assay was completed in 1.5 h, with a measuring range 0.019-20 µg/L (tPSA), and 0.009-20 µg/L (fPSA). The intra- and inter-assay CV were lower than 9%. Recovery percentages were 96-105%. High correlations were found between the values of the UMELISA PSA standards and the International Reference Standards 96/670 (R2 = 0.9996) and 96/688 (R2 = 0.9989). The assay did not recognize any of the interfering molecules tested. Regression analysis of serum samples showed a good correlation with Roche Elecsys total PSA (n = 631, R2 = 0.986, ρc = 0.992), BioMérieux VIDAS TPSA (n = 631, R2 = 0.989, ρc = 0.993) and Roche Elecsys free PSA (n = 164, R2 = 0.973, ρc = 0.979), all with a relative difference below 15%, and a p < 0.001. A retrospective study of the use of UMELISA PSA in Cuba was carried out. The analytical performance characteristics of UMELISA PSA support its use for the quantification of tPSA and fPSA in human serum samples in a single kit, making it an affordable diagnostic assay available to Cuban Public Health System and developing countries. Between the years 2014-2020, more than 3 million Cuban patients have benefited from the test for free.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dunia C Bequer Ariza
- Prenatal Screening and Tumor Markers Laboratory, Immunoassay Center, Havana, Cuba.
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189
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Mortensen A, Raebel EM, Wiseman S. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on access to the cerliponase alfa managed access agreement in England for CLN2 treatment. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:19. [PMID: 35045884 PMCID: PMC8767529 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-02147-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerliponase alfa, an enzyme replacement therapy for neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 2 (CLN2), is currently available in England through a managed access agreement (MAA). It is administered every 2 weeks via an intracerebroventricular device. Here we report qualitative research with families of children with CLN2 disease and healthcare professionals (HCPs) who run the MAA, to understand how access to cerliponase alfa via the MAA at Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH) in London, and the overall management of CLN2 disease, was affected during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS Telephone interviews were conducted with nine families, representing 11 children with CLN2 disease, and two HCPs in November and December 2020. RESULTS Children had received cerliponase alfa treatment for a mean (SD) of 23.1 ± 24.7 months (7.1 ± 4.6 months in the MAA). Families travelled 7-398 km for treatment (mean 210 ± 111 km). Treatment with cerliponase alfa was designated "essential" by GOSH and continued as normal during the pandemic but with extra safety precautions, and no children missed any treatments. Families were highly motivated to continue treatment, despite considerable anxiety about the risk of coronavirus infection from travelling and staying overnight but were reassured by communications from GOSH and the safety precautions put in place. Support therapy services were widely compromised, causing families concern about deterioration in their children's condition. Families were confused about COVID-19 testing and shielding, and were unclear whether children with CLN2 disease were vulnerable to COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS Looking forward, advice for children with CLN2 disease should be specific and tailored, taking into account the family unit. Support therapies should be considered essential alongside cerliponase alfa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Mortensen
- Batten Disease Family Association, Hamilton House, Mabledon Place, London, WC1H9BB, UK.
| | - Eva M Raebel
- Rare Disease Research Partners, MPS House, Amersham, HP7 9LP, UK
| | - Samantha Wiseman
- Rare Disease Research Partners, MPS House, Amersham, HP7 9LP, UK
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190
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Importance of homocysteine determination in differential diagnosis of rare causes of macrocytic anaemia. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-01000-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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191
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Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I), a lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficiency of α-L-iduronidase, leads to storage of the glycosaminoglycans, dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate. Available therapies include enzyme replacement and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In the last two decades, newborn screening (NBS) has focused on early identification of the disorder, allowing early intervention and avoiding irreversible manifestations. Techniques developed and optimized for MPS I NBS include tandem mass-spectrometry, digital microfluidics, and glycosaminoglycan quantification. Several pilot studies have been conducted and screening programs have been implemented worldwide. NBS for MPS I has been established in Taiwan, the United States, Brazil, Mexico, and several European countries. All these programs measure α-L-iduronidase enzyme activity in dried blood spots, although there are differences in the analytical strategies employed. Screening algorithms based on published studies are discussed. However, some limitations remain: one is the high rate of false-positive results due to frequent pseudodeficiency alleles, which has been partially solved using post-analytical tools and second-tier tests; another involves the management of infants with late-onset forms or variants of uncertain significance. Nonetheless, the risk-benefit ratio is favorable. Furthermore, long-term follow-up of patients detected by neonatal screening will improve our knowledge of the natural history of the disease and inform better management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto B Burlina
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Services, University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Vincenza Gragnaniello
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Services, University Hospital, Padua, Italy
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192
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Vera LNP, Schuh RS, Fachel FNS, Poletto E, Piovesan E, Kubaski F, Couto E, Brum B, Rodrigues G, Souza H, Giugliani R, Matte U, Baldo G, Teixeira HF. Brain and visceral gene editing of mucopolysaccharidosis I mice by nasal delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 system. J Gene Med 2022; 24:e3410. [PMID: 35032067 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is an inherited disease caused by deficiency of the enzyme alpha-L-iduronidase (IDUA). MPS I affects several tissues, including the brain, leading to cognitive impairment in the severe form of the disease. Currently available treatments do not reach the brain. Therefore, in this study, we performed nasal administration (NA) of liposomal complexes carrying two plasmids encoding for the CRISPR/Cas9 system and for the IDUA gene targeting the ROSA26 locus, aiming at brain delivery in MPS I mice. METHODS Liposomes were prepared by microfluidization and the plasmids were complexed to the formulations by adsorption. Physicochemical characterization of the formulations and complexes, in vitro permeation, and mucoadhesion in porcine nasal mucosa (PNM) were assessed. We performed NA repeatedly for 30 days in young MPS I mice, which were euthanized at 6 months of age after performing behavioral tasks, and biochemical and molecular aspects were evaluated. RESULTS Monodisperse mucoadhesive complexes around 110nm, which are able to efficiently permeate the PNM. In animals the treatment led to a modest increase in IDUA activity in the lung, heart and brain areas, with reduction of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) levels in serum, urine, tissues and brain cortex. Furthermore, treated mice showed improvement in behavioral tests, suggesting prevention of the cognitive damage. CONCLUSION Non-viral gene editing performed through nasal route represents a potential therapeutic alternative for the somatic and neurologic symptoms of MPS I and possibly to other neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Natalia Pimentel Vera
- Centro de Terapia Gênica do Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Departamento de Genética, Campus do Vale, Av., Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Roselena Silvestri Schuh
- Centro de Terapia Gênica do Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Faculdade de Farmácia, Av., Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Flavia Nathielly Silveira Fachel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Faculdade de Farmácia, Av., Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Edina Poletto
- Centro de Terapia Gênica do Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Departamento de Genética, Campus do Vale, Av., Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Piovesan
- Centro de Terapia Gênica do Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Faculdade de Farmácia, Av., Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Francyne Kubaski
- Serviço de Genética Medica, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Couto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Faculdade de Farmácia, Av., Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna Brum
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Faculdade de Farmácia, Av., Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Graziella Rodrigues
- Centro de Terapia Gênica do Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Departamento de Genética, Campus do Vale, Av., Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Hallana Souza
- Centro de Terapia Gênica do Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Departamento de Genética, Campus do Vale, Av., Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- Centro de Terapia Gênica do Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Departamento de Genética, Campus do Vale, Av., Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Serviço de Genética Medica, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ursula Matte
- Centro de Terapia Gênica do Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Departamento de Genética, Campus do Vale, Av., Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Baldo
- Centro de Terapia Gênica do Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Departamento de Genética, Campus do Vale, Av., Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisiologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Helder F Teixeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Faculdade de Farmácia, Av., Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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193
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Mroczek M, Maniscalco I, Sendel M, Baron R, Seifritz E, Nowak A. Neuropsychiatric Symptoms and Their Association With Sex, Age, and Enzyme Replacement Therapy in Fabry Disease: A Systematic Review. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:829128. [PMID: 35370863 PMCID: PMC8967288 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.829128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients suffering from Fabry disease (FD) have an increased risk of developing neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), mostly impairment in cognitive performance and depression. Single cases of psychosis have been reported, however, their association with FD can be coincidental. Furthermore, deficits in social functioning and adaptation as well as specific coping styles in FD patients were observed. Recent studies focused on a longitudinal course of the disease and identified risk factors associated with specific NPS. Since 2001, enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) has been available and in preliminary studies seems to improve cognitive impairment and adaptive skills. In this systematic review, we analyze the available literature on the NPS in FD and investigate if there are any differences in their distribution between males and females, children/adolescents and adults, and individuals treated with ERT and untreated. We discuss the role of the psychological, environmental, and molecular alterations and their correlation to psychiatric manifestations in FD. Finally, we would like to increase awareness of the spectrum of NPS in FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Mroczek
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ignazio Maniscalco
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital of University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manon Sendel
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neurological Pain Research and Therapy, University Clinic Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ralf Baron
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neurological Pain Research and Therapy, University Clinic Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Erich Seifritz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital of University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Albina Nowak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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194
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Chow-Wing-Bom HT, Callaghan MF, Wang J, Wei S, Dick F, Yu-Wai-Man P, Dekker TM. Neuroimaging in Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy: State-of-the-art and future prospects. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 36:103240. [PMID: 36510411 PMCID: PMC9668671 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) is an inherited mitochondrial retinal disease that causes the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and leads to drastic loss of visual function. In the last decades, there has been a growing interest in using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to better understand mechanisms of LHON beyond the retina. This is partially due to the emergence of gene-therapies for retinal diseases, and the accompanying expanded need for reliably quantifying and monitoring visual processing and treatment efficiency in patient populations. This paper aims to draw a current picture of key findings in this field so far, the challenges of using neuroimaging methods in patients with LHON, and important open questions that MRI can help address about LHON disease mechanisms and prognoses, including how downstream visual brain regions are affected by the disease and treatment and why, and how scope for neural plasticity in these pathways may limit or facilitate recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo T Chow-Wing-Bom
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom; Birkbeck/UCL Centre for NeuroImaging, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Martina F Callaghan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Junqing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, The Chinese People's Liberation Army Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Shihui Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, The Chinese People's Liberation Army Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Frederic Dick
- Birkbeck/UCL Centre for NeuroImaging, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, United Kingdom; Department of Experimental Psychology, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Yu-Wai-Man
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom; John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridge Eye Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tessa M Dekker
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom; Birkbeck/UCL Centre for NeuroImaging, London, United Kingdom; Department of Experimental Psychology, UCL, London, United Kingdom
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Giugliani R, Marques S, Andrade LGMD, Pessoa A, Vaisbich MH, Blum A, Tenório F, Rosa Neto NS. Clinical and diagnostic aspects of Fabry disease management: a narrative review with a particular focus on Brazilian experts’ perspectives. JOURNAL OF INBORN ERRORS OF METABOLISM AND SCREENING 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/2326-4594-jiems-2021-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Giugliani
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - André Pessoa
- Hospital Infantil Albert Sabin, Brazil; Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Brazil
| | - Maria H. Vaisbich
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), Brazil
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196
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Goldobin V, Klocheva E, Afanasyeva M, Tertyshnaya N. Clinical case of MELAS syndrom. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2022; 122:152-158. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2022122061152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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197
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Evangelisti S, Gramegna LL, La Morgia C, Di Vito L, Maresca A, Talozzi L, Bianchini C, Mitolo M, Manners DN, Caporali L, Valentino ML, Liguori R, Carelli V, Lodi R, Testa C, Tonon C. Molecular biomarkers correlate with brain grey and white matter changes in patients with mitochondrial m.3243A > G mutation. Mol Genet Metab 2022; 135:72-81. [PMID: 34916127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2021.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) m.3243A > G mutation in the MT-TL1 gene results in a multi-systemic disease, that is commonly associated with neurodegenerative changes in the brain. METHODS Seventeen patients harboring the m3243A > G mutation were enrolled (age 43.1 ± 11.4 years, 10 M/7F). A panel of plasma biomarkers including lactate acid, alanine, L-arginine, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21), growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) and circulating cell free -mtDNA (ccf-mtDNA), as well as blood, urine and muscle mtDNA heteroplasmy were evaluated. Patients also underwent a brain standardized MR protocol that included volumetric T1-weighted images and diffusion-weighted MRI. Twenty sex- and age-matched healthy controls were included. Voxel-wise analysis was performed on T1-weighted and diffusion imaging, respectively with VBM (voxel-based morphometry) and TBSS (Tract-based Spatial Statistics). Ventricular lactate was also evaluated by 1H-MR spectroscopy. RESULTS A widespread cortical gray matter (GM) loss was observed, more severe (p < 0.001) in the bilateral calcarine, insular, frontal and parietal cortex, along with infratentorial cerebellar cortex. High urine mtDNA mutation load, high levels of plasma lactate and alanine, low levels of plasma arginine, high levels of serum FGF-21 and ventricular lactate accumulation significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with the reduced brain GM density. Widespread microstructural alterations were highlighted in the white matter, significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with plasma alanine and arginine levels, with mtDNA mutation load in urine, with high level of serum GDF-15 and with high content of plasma ccf-mtDNA. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the synergy of two pathogenic mechanisms, mtDNA-related mitochondrial respiratory deficiency and defective nitric oxide metabolism, contributes to the brain neurodegeneration in m.3243A > G patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Evangelisti
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Ludovica Gramegna
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Functional and Molecular Neuroimaging Unit, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara La Morgia
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lidia Di Vito
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Maresca
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lia Talozzi
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Bianchini
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Micaela Mitolo
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Functional and Molecular Neuroimaging Unit, Bologna, Italy
| | - David Neil Manners
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Leonardo Caporali
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Lucia Valentino
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rocco Liguori
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valerio Carelli
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Raffaele Lodi
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Functional and Molecular Neuroimaging Unit, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Testa
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Functional and Molecular Neuroimaging Unit, Bologna, Italy; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Caterina Tonon
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Functional and Molecular Neuroimaging Unit, Bologna, Italy.
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Clinical Implication of Genetic Testing in Dilated Cardiomyopathy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE 2022; 4:1-11. [PMID: 36262197 PMCID: PMC9383343 DOI: 10.36628/ijhf.2021.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the important causes of heart failure (HF). With the rapidly evolving technologies for gene analysis and tremendous advances in knowledge of HF genetics, the importance of genetic testing in DCM is currently highlighted. Several genetic variants causing DCM have been identified and this information is used for diagnosis, risk stratification and family screening of DCM patients. However, there are still several challenges in applying genetic testing to real clinical practice. In this review, we will summarize recent understandings in DCM genetics and provide an evidence-based practical guide to the use of genetic testing for DCM patients.
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OUP accepted manuscript. Nutr Rev 2022; 80:2100-2112. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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200
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Veraldi N, Dentand Quadri I, de Agostini A. Characterization of a spontaneous cell line from primary mouse fibroblasts as a model to study Sanfilippo syndrome. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 142:106119. [PMID: 34823007 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.106119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate a new approach to Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA (MPS-IIIA), work was initiated on primary fibroblasts from a well-known mouse model in which sulfamidase deficiency correlates with the accumulation of heparan sulfate - the hallmark of this disease. Once the culture of fibroblasts was established, we observed continuous proliferation with a rapid growth rate, loss of contact inhibition and late passage stability, corresponding to a spontaneously immortalized cell line. The presence of the single point D31N mutation was verified and both rapid and abundant intracellular accumulation of low molecular weight HS was observed, confirming both genotype and phenotype. This cell line is a potential in vitro model system for future studies of MPS-IIIA prior to employing animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Veraldi
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Dentand Quadri
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ariane de Agostini
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
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