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McKimpson WM, Kuo T, Kitamoto T, Higuchi S, Mills JC, Haeusler RA, Accili D. FOXO1 Is Present in Stomach Epithelium and Determines Gastric Cell Distribution. GASTRO HEP ADVANCES 2022; 1:733-745. [PMID: 36117550 PMCID: PMC9481069 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Stomach cells can be converted to insulin-producing cells by Neurog3, MafA, and Pdxl over-expression. Enteroendocrine cells can be similarly made to produce insulin by the deletion of FOXO1. Characteristics and functional properties of FOXO1-expressing stomach cells are not known. METHODS Using mice bearing a FOXO1-GFP knock-in allele and primary cell cultures, we examined the identity of FOXO1-expressing stomach cells and analyzed their features through loss-of-function studies with red-to-green fluorescent reporters. RESULTS FOXO1 localizes to a subset of Neurog3 and parietal cells. FOXO1 deletion ex vivo or in vivo using Neurog3-cre or Atp4b-cre increased numbers of parietal cells, generated insulin- and C-peptide-immunoreactive cells, and raised Neurog3 messenger RNA. Gene expression and ChIP- seq experiments identified the cell cycle regulator cyclin E1 (CCNE1) as a FOXO1 target. CONCLUSION FOXO1 is expressed in a subset of stomach cells. Its ablation increases parietal cells and yields insulin-immunoreactive cells, consistent with a role in lineage determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy M. McKimpson
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Taiyi Kuo
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Takumi Kitamoto
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Sei Higuchi
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Jason C. Mills
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Rebecca A. Haeusler
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Domenico Accili
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
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152
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Hoffmann W. Self-Renewal and Cancers of the Gastric Epithelium: An Update and the Role of the Lectin TFF1 as an Antral Tumor Suppressor. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105377. [PMID: 35628183 PMCID: PMC9141172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2020, gastric cancer was the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths globally. About 90% of gastric cancers are sporadic and the vast majority are correlated with Helicobacter pylori infection; whereas familial clustering is observed in about 10% of cases. Gastric cancer is now considered to be a disease originating from dysregulated self-renewal of the gastric glands in the setting of an inflammatory environment. The human stomach contains two types of gastric units, which show bi-directional self-renewal from a complex variety of stem cells. This review focuses on recent progress concerning the characterization of the different stem cell populations and the mainly mesenchymal signals triggering their stepwise differentiation as well as the genesis of pre-cancerous lesions and carcinogenesis. Furthermore, a model is presented (Lectin-triggered Receptor Blocking Hypothesis) explaining the role of the lectin TFF1 as an antral tumor suppressor possibly regulating Lgr5+ antral stem cells in a paracrine or maybe autocrine fashion, with neighboring antral gland cells having a role as niche cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Hoffmann
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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153
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Ibrahim NA, Elmorshedy KE, Radwan DA, Buabeid MA. The impact of oral ciprofloxacin on the structure and functions of rat gastric mucosa. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:2187-2198. [PMID: 35531231 PMCID: PMC9073028 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciprofloxacin (CPX), is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used to treat a number of gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial infections. Ciprofloxacin can cause severe side effects, ranging from tendon problems, nerve damage, to serious mood or behavior changes. The purpose of this study was to investigate how ciprofloxacin affects gastric cell lines in rats with a distinctive emphasis on physiological, histopathological, and bacteriological changes. Male albino rats (n = 21) were distributed into three groups; control, CPX, and CPX-withdrawal groups. The treated rats were given CPX tablets (12.5 mg/kg) dissolved in carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 0.5% orally once daily via gavage for sixty consecutive days. Control rats received only the vehicle. The withdrawal group was treated for 60 days and the drug was withdrawn for another sixty days. After completion of the experiment, all rats were sacrificed and gastric tissues were treated for light, immunohistochemical, and scanning electron microscopic examination. Image J software was used to measure immune-labeled gastric epithelial cells. Blood samples were also collected for H. Pylori immunoglobulins IgM, IgA, and IgG. Results showed that treated rats acquired significantly strongly positive tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) and significant reduction of serum level of H. pylori IgM, IgA, and IgG in all the study groups. It could be concluded that prolonged oral CPX administration to albino rats changes the gastric mucosal architecture and bacteriology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihal A Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, United Arab Emirates.,Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research (CMBAHSR), Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kadreya E Elmorshedy
- Anatomy Department, Tanta College of Medicine, Egypt.,Almaakal University, Basra, Iraq
| | - Doaa A Radwan
- Anatomy Department, Tanta College of Medicine, Egypt
| | - Manal A Buabeid
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, United Arab Emirates.,Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research (CMBAHSR), Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
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154
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Almasi M, Goodarzi N. Microanalysis of the stomach of southern white-breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor): Histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical, and scanning electron microscopic studies. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:2714-2728. [PMID: 35522535 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to provide more detailed knowledge on the stomach histochemistry and immunohistochemistry in the southern white-breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor). Two animals were used in the present work. Periodic acid Schiff's (PAS) and Alcian blue were used for histochemical purposes. SOX9, gastrin, serotonin, and glucagon markers were traced immunohistochemically. The mucosa was extremely folded in the fundus with numerous opening of glands. The body and pylorus mucosa were almost smooth and equipped with gastric gland openings. A simple columnar epithelium covered the stomach entirely. Cardiac glands region was mucus secreting with both positive and negative reactions to PAS. Fundic mucosa was contained cardiac glands near to the cardia, and toward the body it was divided into the light and dark zones. These zones and body contained proper gastric gland, which constituted of parietal, chief, and mucous neck cells. These glands contained PAS-positive cells on their basal portions. The pyloric glands were mucus secreting but negative for PAS. All gastric glands were Alcian blue-negative, but epithelium showed moderate reaction especially in the pylorus. SOX and gastrin were express highly in the body and fundus. The expression of serotonin and glucagon was rare. Comparatively, some similarities between the stomach of hedgehog and dog can be assumed. The present findings provide additional information concerning the histochemical characteristics and endocrine cells distribution in the stomach of the southern white-breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor). Further detailed studies are required to enhance the current knowledge on histophysiology of the digestive system in this species as a pet and exotic animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Almasi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nader Goodarzi
- Department of Basic Sciences and Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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155
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Xu H, Piao L, Liu X, Jiang SN. Ursolic acid-enriched kudingcha extract enhances the antitumor activity of bacteria-mediated cancer immunotherapy. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:123. [PMID: 35509047 PMCID: PMC9066986 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03612-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacteria-mediated cancer immunotherapy (BCI) robustly stimulates the immune system and represses angiogenesis, but tumor recurrence and metastasis commonly occur after BCI. The natural product Ilex kudingcha C. J Tseng enriched with ursolic acid has anti-cancer activity and could potentially augment the therapeutic effects of BCI. The objective of the present study was to determine potential additive effects of these modalities. METHODS We investigated the anti-cancer activity of KDCE (Kudingcha extract) combined with S.t△ppGpp in the mice colon cancer models. RESULTS In the present study, KDCE combined with S.t△ppGpp BCI improved antitumor therapeutic efficacy compared to S.t△ppGpp or KDCE alone. KDCE did not prolong bacterial tumor-colonizing time, but enhanced the antiangiogenic effect of S.t△ppGpp by downregulatingVEGFR2. We speculated that KDCE-induced VEGFR2 downregulation is associated with FAK/MMP9/STAT3 axis but not AKT or ERK. CONCLUSIONS Ursolic acid-enriched KDCE enhances the antitumor activity of BCI, which could be mediated by VEGFR2 downregulation and subsequent suppression of angiogenesis. Therefore, combination therapy with S.t△ppGpp and KDCE is a potential cancer therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, No. 58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Linghua Piao
- Department of Physiology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiande Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, No. 58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Sheng-Nan Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Central South University, Xiangya School of Medicine, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, No. 43 Renmin Avenue, Haikou, 570208, China.
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156
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Patel B, Gizzi A, Hashemi J, Awakeem Y, Gregersen H, Kassab G. Biomechanical constitutive modeling of the gastrointestinal tissues: a systematic review. MATERIALS & DESIGN 2022; 217:110576. [PMID: 35935127 PMCID: PMC9351365 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2022.110576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a continuous channel through the body that consists of the esophagus, the stomach, the small intestine, the large intestine, and the rectum. Its primary functions are to move the intake of food for digestion before storing and ultimately expulsion of feces. The mechanical behavior of GI tissues thus plays a crucial role for GI function in health and disease. The mechanical properties are characterized by a biomechanical constitutive model, which is a mathematical representation of the relation between load and deformation in a tissue. Hence, validated biomechanical constitutive models are essential to characterize and simulate the mechanical behavior of the GI tract. Here, a systematic review of these constitutive models is provided. This review is limited to studies where a model of the strain energy function is proposed to characterize the stress-strain relation of a GI tissue. Several needs are identified for more advanced modeling including: 1) Microstructural models that provide actual structure-function relations; 2) Validation of coupled electro-mechanical models accounting for active muscle contractions; 3) Human data to develop and validate models. The findings from this review provide guidelines for using existing constitutive models as well as perspective and directions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavesh Patel
- California Medical Innovations Institute, 11107 Roselle St, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Alessio Gizzi
- Department of Engineering, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via A. del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, IT
| | - Javad Hashemi
- California Medical Innovations Institute, 11107 Roselle St, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Yousif Awakeem
- California Medical Innovations Institute, 11107 Roselle St, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Hans Gregersen
- California Medical Innovations Institute, 11107 Roselle St, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Ghassan Kassab
- California Medical Innovations Institute, 11107 Roselle St, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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157
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Cao L, Zhu S, Lu H, Soutto M, Bhat N, Chen Z, Peng D, Lin J, Lu J, Li P, Zheng C, Huang C, El-Rifai W. Helicobacter pylori-induced RASAL2 Through Activation of Nuclear Factor-κB Promotes Gastric Tumorigenesis via β-catenin Signaling Axis. Gastroenterology 2022; 162:1716-1731.e17. [PMID: 35134322 PMCID: PMC9038683 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Helicobacter pylori infection is the predominant risk factor for gastric cancer. RAS protein activator like 2 (RASAL2) is considered a double-edged sword in carcinogenesis. Herein, we investigated the role of RASAL2 in response to H pylori infection and gastric tumorigenesis. METHODS Bioinformatics analyses of local and public databases were applied to analyze RASAL2 expression, signaling pathways, and clinical significance. In vitro cell culture, spheroids, patient-derived organoids, and in vivo mouse models were used. Molecular assays included chromatin immunoprecipitation, co-immunoprecipitation, Western blotting, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and immunocyto/histochemistry. RESULTS H pylori infection induced RASAL2 expression via a nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-dependent mechanism whereby NF-κB was directly bound to the RASAL2 promoter activating its transcription. By gene silencing and ectopic overexpression, we found that RASAL2 upregulated β-catenin transcriptional activity. RASAL2 inhibited protein phosphatase 2A activity through direct binding with subsequent activation of the AKT/β-catenin signaling axis. Functionally, RASAL2 silencing decreased nuclear β-catenin levels and impaired tumor spheroids and organoids formation. Furthermore, the depletion of RASAL2 impaired tumor growth in gastric tumor xenograft mouse models. Clinicopathological analysis indicated that abnormal overexpression of RASAL2 correlated with poor prognosis and chemoresistance in human gastric tumors. CONCLUSIONS These studies uncovered a novel signaling axis of NF-κB/RASAL2/β-catenin, providing a novel link between infection, inflammation and gastric tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Cao
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Shoumin Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Heng Lu
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Mohammed Soutto
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Nadeem Bhat
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Dunfa Peng
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Jianxian Lin
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chaohui Zheng
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Changming Huang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami Healthcare System, Miami, Florida; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
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158
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Crocin Inhibits Angiogenesis and Metastasis in Colon Cancer via TNF-α/NF-kB/VEGF Pathways. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091502. [PMID: 35563808 PMCID: PMC9104358 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis and metastasis play pivotal roles in the progression of cancer. We recently discovered that crocin, a dietary carotenoid derived from the Himalayan crocus, inhibited the growth of colon cancer cells. However, the exact role of crocin on the angiogenesis and metastasis in colorectal cancer remains unclear. In the present study, we demonstrated that crocin significantly reduces the viability of colon cancer cells (HT-29, Caco-2) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), but was not toxic to human colon epithelial (HCEC) cells. Furthermore, pre-treatment of human carcinoma cells (HT-29 and Caco-2) with crocin inhibited cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis in concentration -dependent manner. Further studies demonstrated that crocin inhibited TNF-α, NF-κB and VEGF pathways in colon carcinoma cell angiogenesis and metastasis. Crocin also inhibited cell migration, invasion, and tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in a concentration -dependent manner. We also observed that crocin significantly reduced the secretion of VEGF and TNF-α induced activation of NF-kB by human colon carcinoma cells. In the absence of TNF-α, a concentration-dependent reduction in NF-kB was observed. Many of these observations were confirmed by in vivo angiogenesis models, which showed that crocin significantly reduced the progression of tumour growth. Collectively, these finding suggest that crocin inhibits angiogenesis and colorectal cancer cell metastasis by targeting NF-kB and blocking TNF-α/NF-κB/VEGF pathways.
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159
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Ghannay S, Aouadi K, Kadri A, Snoussi M. GC-MS Profiling, Vibriocidal, Antioxidant, Antibiofilm, and Anti-Quorum Sensing Properties of Carum carvi L. Essential Oil: In Vitro and In Silico Approaches. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1072. [PMID: 35448799 PMCID: PMC9032858 DOI: 10.3390/plants11081072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The main objectives of the present study were to investigate anti-Vibrio spp., antibiofilms, and anti-quorum-sensing (anti-QS) properties of caraway essential oil in relation to their phytochemical composition. The results obtained show the identification of twelve compounds, with carvone (58.2%) and limonene (38.5%) being the main ones. The obtained essential oil (EO) is particularly active against all Vibrio spp. species, with bacteriostatic action against all tested strains (MBC/MIC ratio ≥ 4) and with inhibition zones with high diameters of growth, ranging from 8.66 ± 0.58 mm for V. furnisii ATCC 35016 to 37.33 ± 0.58 mm for V. alginolyticus ATCC 17749. Caraway essential oil (Carvone/limonene chemotype) exhibits antioxidant activities by using four tests (DPPH = 15 ± 0.23 mg/mL; reducing power = 7.8 ± 0.01 mg/mL; β-carotene = 3.9 ± 0.025 mg/mL; chelating power = 6.8 ± 0.05 mg/mL). This oil is particularly able to prevent cell-to-cell communication by inhibiting swarming motility, production of elastase and protease in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, and violacein production in C. violaceum in a concentration-dependent manner. A molecular docking approach shows good interaction of the identified bioactive molecules in caraway EO, with known target enzymes involved in antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-QS activities having high binding energy. Overall, the obtained results highlight the possible use of caraway essential oil against pathogenic Vibrio species and to attenuate the secretion of virulence-related factors controlled by QS systems in Gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, this oil can be used by food industries to prevent biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces by Vibrio strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwar Ghannay
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (S.G.); (K.A.)
| | - Kaïss Aouadi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (S.G.); (K.A.)
- Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of the Environment, Monastir 5019, Tunisia
| | - Adel Kadri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP1171, Sfax 3000, Tunisia;
- Faculty of Science and Arts in Baljurashi, Albaha University, P.O. Box 1988, Albaha 65527, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mejdi Snoussi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Hail University, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Valorization of Bio-Resources (LR11ES41), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue Tahar Haddad, BP74, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
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160
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SLC26A9 deficiency causes gastric intraepithelial neoplasia in mice and aggressive gastric cancer in humans. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 45:381-398. [PMID: 35426084 PMCID: PMC9187568 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00672-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Solute carrier family 26 member (SLC26A9) is a Cl− uniporter with very high expression levels in the gastric mucosa. Here, we describe morphological and molecular alterations in gastric mucosa of slc26a9−/− mice and in selective parietal cell-deleted slc26a9fl/fl/Atp4b-Cre mice and correlate SLC26A9 expression levels with morphological and clinical parameters in a cohort of gastric cancer (GC) patients. Methods The expression patterns of genes related to transport and enzymatic function, proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, barrier integrity, metaplasia and neoplasia development were studied by immunohistochemistry (IHC), quantitative RT-PCR, in situ hybridization and RNA microarray analysis. SLC26A9 expression and cellular/clinical phenotypes were studied in primary human GC tissues and GC cell lines. Results We found that both complete and parietal cell-selective Slc26a9 deletion in mice caused spontaneous development of gastric premalignant and malignant lesions. Dysregulated differentiation of gastric stem cells in an inflammatory environment, activated Wnt signaling, cellular hyperproliferation, apoptosis inhibition and metaplasia were observed. Analysis of human gastric precancerous and cancerous tissues revealed that SLC26A9 expression progressively decreased from atrophic gastritis to GC, and that downregulation of SLC26A9 was correlated with patient survival. Exogenous expression of SLC26A9 in GC cells induced upregulation of the Cl−/HCO3− exchanger AE2, G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and suppressed their proliferation, migration and invasion. Conclusions Our data indicate that SLC26A9 deletion in parietal cells is sufficient to trigger gastric metaplasia and the development of neoplastic lesions. In addition, we found that SLC26A9 expression decreases during human gastric carcinogenesis, and that exogenous SLC26A9 expression in GC cells reduces their malignant behavior. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13402-022-00672-x.
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161
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Bassong TR, Kenmogne LV, Awounfack CF, Ndinteh DT, Njamen D, Zingue S. Effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa Calyxes Aqueous Extract on Antioxidant Status and Histopathology in Mammary Tumor-Induced in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:9872788. [PMID: 35502172 PMCID: PMC9056213 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9872788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a major threat worldwide. Hibiscus sabdariffa is widely consumed as beverage in sub-Saharan Africa for its anticancer potential. The present study therefore aimed at scientifically verifying its anticancer effect in rats. For this, 48 Wistar rats (∼55 days) were treated either with tamoxifen at 3.3 mg/kg BW (standard) or with a decoction of H. sabdariffa (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg BW) or distilled water (vehicle). Breast cancer was induced by a single dose of 50 mg/kg of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). At the end of the 21 weeks of treatment, the tumor incidence, tumor morphology, histopathology, as well as some biochemical parameters in the tumors were assessed. As a result, 86% of DMBA's rats developed mammary tumors. The H. sabdariffa extract (125 and 250 mg/kg) reduced tumor incidence by 63% and 75%, respectively; inhibited tumor burden by 84.86% and 38.78%, respectively, and decreased tumor volume by more than 72% compared to the DMBA group. It also protected rats against DMBA-induced diffuse breast neoplasia, and the optimal effect was recorded at 125 mg/kg. Furthermore, it significantly increases the SOD activity and decreases the MDA level. In summary, H. sabdariffa has antibreast tumor and antioxidant properties in rats, which could justify its common use to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Renaud Bassong
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Larissa Vanelle Kenmogne
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Charline Florence Awounfack
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Derek Tantoh Ndinteh
- Centre for Natural Product Research, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Dieudonné Njamen
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Stéphane Zingue
- Centre for Natural Product Research, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
- Department of Medical and Biomedical Engineering, Higher Technical Teachers' Training College, University of Ebolowa, P.O. Box 886 Ebolowa, Cameroon
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Yang M, Yang Z, Li Y, Su S, Li Z, Lu D. Mechanism of Traditional Tibetan Medicine Grubthobrildkr Alleviated Gastric Ulcer Induced by Acute Systemic Hypoxia in Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4803956. [PMID: 35425842 PMCID: PMC9005313 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4803956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study was aimed at investigating the potential mechanism of Grubthobrildkr (GTB) on systemic hypoxia-induced gastric ulcers in rats and at detecting the chemical profile of GTB. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into control, hypoxia, hypoxia+omeprazole, and hypoxia+GTBs (0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 g·kg-1·d-1) groups. Systemic hypoxia was created in a hypobaric chamber to simulate 5000 m high altitude by adjusting the inner pressure and oxygen content for 6 days. After that, the ulcer index, pH, and volume of gastric juice were assessed. The levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1), gastrin (GAS), motilin (MTL), phospholipase A2 (PLA2), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were detected by ELISA. The expression level of hydrogen potassium ATPase (H+-K+-ATPase), cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was tested by western blotting. Chemical profile of GTB was revealed by UHPLC-Q-exactive hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS). Results GTB decreased the ulcer index in rats under hypoxia for six days, which was related to increased pH and volume of gastric juice, enhanced MTL and PGE2 levels, and decreased ET-1 and PLA2 levels of gastric mucosa. Furthermore, GTB decreased the level of H+-K+-ATPase and COX-2 while increased COX-1 levels in gastric mucosal tissue. 44 constituents were identified by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS in GTB. Conclusion GTB exerted a gastroprotective effect to alleviate gastric ulceration induced by acute systemic hypoxia in rats. The effect of GTB increasing the volume and pH of gastric juice in rats under acute systemic hypoxia could be regulated by gastrointestinal hormones, including MTL and ET-1. Mechanically, gastrointestinal protection of GTB was based on inhibition of the protons pumping H+-K+-ATPase and regulation of prostaglandin family in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China
| | - Zhanting Yang
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China
| | - Shanshan Su
- Xining Customs District, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research in Qinghai Province, Xining 810003, China
| | - Zhanqiang Li
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China
| | - Dianxiang Lu
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China
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Qiang L, Hu J, Tian M, Li Y, Ren C, Deng Y, Jiang Y. Extracellular vesicles from helicobacter pylori-infected cells and helicobacter pylori outer membrane vesicles in atherosclerosis. Helicobacter 2022; 27:e12877. [PMID: 35099837 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of H. pylori infection has been reported in various extragastric diseases, particularly, the correlation between H. pylori and atherosclerosis (AS) have received lots of attention. Some scholars demonstrated that the presence of H. pylori-specific DNA in the sclerotic plaques of atheromatous patients provides biological evidences, with indicating that H. pylori infection is a potential factor of AS. However, the underlying mechanism of H. pylori or their products cross the epithelial barriers to enter the blood circulation remains unclear. Recent studies have shown that the extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells encapsulated H. pylori virulence factor cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) and existed in the blood samples of patients or mice, which indicating that they can carry CagA into the blood circulation. Based on these findings, some researchers proposed a hypothesis that H. pylori is involved in the pathogenesis of AS via EVs-based mechanisms. In addition, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) serve as transport vehicles to deliver H. pylori virulence factors to epithelial cells. It is necessary to discuss the role of H. pylori OMVs in the development of AS. OBJECTIVES This review will focus on the correlation between H. pylori infection and AS and tried to unveil the possible role of EVs from H. pylori-infected cells and H. pylori OMVs in the pathogenesis of AS, with a view to providing help in refining our knowledge in this aspect. METHODS All of information included in this review was retrieved from published studies on H. pylori infection in AS. RESULTS H. pylori infection may be an atherosclerotic risk factor and drives researchers to reevaluate the role of H. pylori in the pathogenesis of AS. Some findings proposed a new hypothesis that H. pylori may be involved in the pathogenesis of AS through EVs-based mechanisms. Besides EVs from H. pylori-infected cells, whether H. pylori OMVs may play some role in the pathogenesis of AS is still remain unclear. CONCLUSION Existing epidemiological and clinical evidence had shown that there is a possible association between H. pylori and AS. However, except for the larger randomized controlled trials, more basic research about EVs from H. pylori-infected cells and H. pylori OMVs is the need of the hour to unveil the possible role of H. pylori infection in the pathogenesis of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Qiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China-Guang'an Hospital, Sichuan University, Guang'an, China
| | - Jianguo Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingyuan Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Li
- Clinical Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Ren
- Clinical Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Deng
- Clinical Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Clinical Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
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Sato Y, Ban S, Katayama Y, Mitsui T. Unique membranous gastrin receptor expression of parietal cells, and its distribution pattern in the gastric oxyntic mucosa and fundic gland polyps. Hum Pathol 2022; 125:23-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Liabeuf D, Oshima M, Stange DE, Sigal M. Stem Cells, Helicobacter pylori, and Mutational Landscape: Utility of Preclinical Models to Understand Carcinogenesis and to Direct Management of Gastric Cancer. Gastroenterology 2022; 162:1067-1087. [PMID: 34942172 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.12.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Several genetic and environmental factors increase gastric cancer (GC) risk, with Helicobacter pylori being the main environmental agent. GC is thought to emerge through a sequence of morphological changes that have been elucidated on the molecular level. New technologies have shed light onto pathways that are altered in GC, involving mutational and epigenetic changes and altered signaling pathways. Using various new model systems and innovative approaches, the relevance of such alterations for the emergence and progression of GC has been validated. Here, we highlight the key strategies and the resulting achievements. A major step is the characterization of epithelial stem cell behavior in the healthy stomach. These data, obtained through new reporter mouse lines and lineage tracing, enabled insights into the processes that control cellular proliferation, self-renewal, and differentiation of gastric stem cells. It has become evident that these cells and pathways are often deregulated in carcinogenesis. Second, insights into how H pylori colonizes gastric glands, directly interacts with stem cells, and alters cellular and genomic integrity, as well as the characterization of tissue responses to infection, provide a comprehensive picture of how this bacterium contributes to gastric carcinogenesis. Third, the development of stem cell- and tissue-specific reporter mice have driven our understanding of the signals and mutations that promote different types of GC and now also enable the study of more advanced, metastasized stages. Finally, organoids from human tissue have allowed insights into gastric carcinogenesis by validating mutational and signaling alterations in human primary cells and opening a route to predicting responses to personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Liabeuf
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Masanobu Oshima
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Daniel E Stange
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Dresden, Germany, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Sigal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
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A hepatic antimicrobial peptide, hepcidin from Indian major carp, Catla catla: molecular identification and functional characterization. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2022; 20:49. [PMID: 35344090 PMCID: PMC8960508 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-022-00330-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Increase of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic microbes necessitated novel molecules for curing infection. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are the gene-encoded evolutionarily conserved small molecules with therapeutic value. AMPs are considered as an alternative drug for conventional antibiotics. Hepcidin, the cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptide, is an important component in innate immune response. In this study, we identified and characterized hepcidin gene from the fish, Catla catla (Indian major carp) and termed it as Cc-Hep. Results Open reading frame of Cc-Hep consists of 261 base pair that encodes 87 amino acids. Cc-Hep is synthesized as a prepropeptide consisting of 24 amino acid signal peptide, 36 amino acid propeptide, and 26 amino acid mature peptide. Sequence analysis revealed that Cc-Hep shared sequence similarity with hepcidin from Sorsogona tuberculata. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Cc-Hep was grouped with HAMP2 family. Structure analysis of mature Cc-Hep identified two antiparallel beta sheets stabilized by four disulphide bonds and a random coil. The mature peptide region of Cc-Hep has a charge of + 2, isoelectric value 8.23 and molecular weight 2.73 kDa. Conclusion Functional characterization predicted antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer potential of Cc-Hep, which can be explored in aquaculture or human health care.
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167
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Morphogen Signals Shaping the Gastric Glands in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073632. [PMID: 35408991 PMCID: PMC8998987 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult gastric mucosa is characterised by deep invaginations of the epithelium called glands. These tissue architectural elements are maintained with the contribution of morphogen signals. Morphogens are expressed in specific areas of the tissue, and their diffusion generates gradients in the microenvironment. Cells at different positions in the gland sense a specific combination of signals that instruct them to differentiate, proliferate, regenerate, or migrate. Differentiated cells perform specific functions involved in digestion, such as the production of protective mucus and the secretion of digestive enzymes or gastric acid. Biopsies from gastric precancerous conditions usually display tissue aberrations and change the shape of the glands. Alteration of the morphogen signalling microenvironment is likely to underlie those conditions. Furthermore, genes involved in morphogen signalling pathways are found to be frequently mutated in gastric cancer. We summarise the most recent findings regarding alterations of morphogen signalling during gastric carcinogenesis, and we highlight the new stem cell technologies that are improving our understanding of the regulation of human tissue shape.
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168
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Abdel Aziz K, Al-Mugaddam F, Sugathan S, Saseedharan P, Jouini T, Elamin ME, Moselhy H, Aly El-Gabry D, Arnone D, Karam SM. Decreased acylated and total ghrelin levels in bipolar disorder patients recovering from a manic episode. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:209. [PMID: 35313855 PMCID: PMC8935687 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03842-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, only few studies have investigated ghrelin levels in bipolar disorders, and all have exclusively measured acylated ghrelin, with none investigating total ghrelin (acylated and des-acylated). We aimed to investigate peripheral levels of acylated and total ghrelin in subjects experiencing a manic episode of bipolar disorder. METHODS Peripheral levels of acylated and total ghrelin were measured in hospitalised medicated individuals recovering from a manic episode. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were used to measure ghrelin levels in patients and compared with healthy controls. The relationship between ghrelin levels in bipolar disorder, self-reported hunger measures, demographic and clinical parameters was investigated with correlational analyses. RESULTS Twenty-four subjects (15 males, 9 females) recovering from mania and 27 matched healthy controls (13 males, 14 females) were recruited for the study. Mean values of both acylated (187 vs.520 pg/mL) and total ghrelin (396 vs. 648 pg/mL) were significantly reduced in bipolar disorder (p = 0.001). Ghrelin levels correlated positively with markers of illness severity and negatively with prescribed mood stabilizers, second-generation antipsychotics, weight and body mass index. CONCLUSION Peripheral measurements of acylated and total ghrelin were both reduced in bipolar disorder patients compared to healthy controls. Whilst illness severity promotes higher ghrelin levels, pharmacological treatment and weight gain exercise the opposite effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Abdel Aziz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fadwa Al-Mugaddam
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Subi Sugathan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Prashanth Saseedharan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Dept of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Tarek Jouini
- Behavioural Science Institute, Al-Ain Hospital, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Hamdy Moselhy
- American Center for Psychiatry and Neurology (ACPN), Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dina Aly El-Gabry
- Okasha Institute of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Danilo Arnone
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Centre for Affective Disorders, Kings' College London, London, UK.
| | - Sherif M Karam
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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169
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Khan A, Khan A, Shal B, Aziz A, Ahmed MN, Khan S. N-(benzylidene)-2-((2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)diazenyl)benzohydrazides (1-2) (NCHDH and NTHDH) attenuate DMBA-induced breast cancer via Nrf2/NF-κB/apoptosis signaling. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2022; 36:879-897. [PMID: 35259284 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of the N-(benzylidene)-2-((2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)diazenyl)benzohydrazides (1-2) (NCHDH and NTHDH) against breast cancer using in vitro and in vivo approaches. The NCHDH and NTHDH significantly inhibited the growth of the MCF-7 cells using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The NCHDH and NTHDH treatment significantly inhibited the tumor size, tumor weight, and tumor volume, while it enhanced the survival and tumor free survival rate following 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast cancer. The NCHDH and NTHDH markedly attenuated the oxidative stress markers and induced the antioxidant level. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed significant reduction in the inflammatory cytokines production compared with the DMBA control. The NCHDH and NTHDH treatment significantly improved the histological features using hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) staining, Masson's trichrome, PAS (periodic acid Schiff), and Toluidine blue staining compared with the DMBA-induced group. The NCHDH and NTHDH treatment improved the hematological and serological parameters following DMBA-induced breast tumor compared with DMBA-induced group. Furthermore, the NCHDH and NTHDH treatment significantly enhanced the antioxidants signaling proteins such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). The NCHDH and NTHDH enhanced the inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB) level, while it attenuated the NF-κB level. Similarly, the NCHDH and NTHDH showed marked increase in the apoptosis proteins such as Caspase-3, Caspase-9, and Bcl-2 Associated X-protein (Bax), while it inhibited the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expression. In conclusion, the NCHDH and NTHDH significantly improved the DMBA-induced breast cancer via attenuating oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashrafullah Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Shal
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Faculty of Health Sciences, IQRA University, Islamabad Campus, (Chak Shahzad), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Aziz
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Muzaffarabad, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Muzaffarabad, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Salman Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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170
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Singh PK, Easwari TS. Emerging Trends and their Impacts on Peptic Ulcer Diseases: Treatments and Techniques. CURRENT DRUG THERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1574885517666220307115813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is prevalent in almost all parts of the world. PUD complications are creating a major source of preventable health care expenses. The major factors responsible for the incidence of PUD and its complication have changed over the past few decades after the identification of non-steroidal inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and Helicobacter pylori bacterial infection along with a marked increase in the use of proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) as drug therapy. The management of PUD has become more complex and challenging due to antimicrobial resistance.
Objective:
The objective of the study was to highlight current therapy and novel techniques used in the treatment of peptic ulcer diseases.
Methods:
An exhaustive literature search has been conducted across PubMed, Google, Scopus and Web of Science as an electronic database to add the crucial information from the relevant literature.
Results:
In the present review, we have discussed PUD and its pathophysiology. The recent trends in PUD and possible treatments with novel techniques have also been discussed. The type and presence of ulcers cannot be predicted accurately based on symptoms. The available treatment approaches for peptic ulcers based on their clinical presentation and etiology are anti-secretary therapy, endoscopy to reveal ulcers followed by drug therapy, and triple therapy for H pylori infection.
Conclusion:
Thus, the popular and effective methods are very beneficial in controlling PUD. The treatment based on diagnosis is the foremost requirement for ameliorating any disorder. In this article, the emerging techniques and development in the treatment and diagnosis of PUD have been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranjal Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, IIMT College of Medical Sciences, IIMT University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - T. S. Easwari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, IIMT College of Medical Sciences, IIMT University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Kang H, Liu Y, Fan T, Ma J, Wu D, Heitz T, Shen WH, Zhu Y. Arabidopsis CHROMATIN REMODELING 19 acts as a transcriptional repressor and contributes to plant pathogen resistance. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:1100-1116. [PMID: 34954802 PMCID: PMC8894922 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chromatin remodelers act in an ATP-dependent manner to modulate chromatin structure and thus genome function. Here, we report that the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) remodeler CHROMATIN REMODELING19 (CHR19) is enriched in gene body regions, and its depletion causes massive changes in nucleosome position and occupancy in the genome. Consistent with these changes, an in vitro assay verified that CHR19 can utilize ATP to slide nucleosomes. A variety of inducible genes, including several important genes in the salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) pathways, were transcriptionally upregulated in the chr19 mutant under normal growth conditions, indicative of a role of CHR19 in transcriptional repression. In addition, the chr19 mutation triggered higher susceptibility to the JA pathway-defended necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea, but did not affect the growth of the SA pathway-defended hemibiotrophic bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Expression of CHR19 was tissue-specific and inhibited specifically by SA treatment. Such inhibition significantly decreased the local chromatin enrichment of CHR19 at the associated SA pathway genes, which resulted in their full activation upon SA treatment. Overall, our findings clarify CHR19 to be a novel regulator acting at the chromatin level to impact the transcription of genes underlying plant resistance to different pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijia Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life
Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for
Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de
Strasbourg, Strasbourg Cedex 67084, France
| | - Yuhao Liu
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer
Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union
Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China; Chinese
Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021,
China
| | - Tianyi Fan
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life
Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for
Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life
Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for
Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life
Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for
Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Thierry Heitz
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de
Strasbourg, Strasbourg Cedex 67084, France
| | - Wen-Hui Shen
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de
Strasbourg, Strasbourg Cedex 67084, France
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life
Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for
Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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Idowu S, Bertrand PP, Walduck AK. Homeostasis and Cancer Initiation: Organoids as Models to Study the Initiation of Gastric Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2790. [PMID: 35269931 PMCID: PMC8911327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer represents a significant disease burden worldwide. The factors that initiate cancer are not well understood. Chronic inflammation such as that triggered by H. pylori infection is the most significant cause of gastric cancer. In recent years, organoid cultures developed from human and animal adult stem cells have facilitated great advances in our understanding of gastric homeostasis. Organoid models are now being exploited to investigate the role of host genetics and bacterial factors on proliferation and DNA damage in gastric stem cells. The impact of a chronic inflammatory state on gastric stem cells and the stroma has been less well addressed. This review discusses what we have learned from the use of organoid models to investigate cancer initiation, and highlights questions on the contribution of the microbiota, chronic inflammatory milieu, and stromal cells that can now be addressed by more complex coculture models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna K. Walduck
- STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (S.I.); (P.P.B.)
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Salvadora persica attenuates DMBA-induced mammary cancer through downregulation oxidative stress, estrogen receptor expression and proliferation and augmenting apoptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 147:112666. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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174
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Churchill MJ, Mitchell PS, Rauch I. Epithelial Pyroptosis in Host Defense. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167278. [PMID: 34627788 PMCID: PMC10010195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a lytic form of cell death that is executed by a family of pore-forming proteins called gasdermins (GSDMs). GSDMs are activated upon proteolysis by host proteases including the proinflammatory caspases downstream of inflammasome activation. In myeloid cells, GSDM pore formation serves two primary functions in host defense: the selective release of processed cytokines to initiate inflammatory responses, and cell death, which eliminates a replicative niche of the pathogen. Barrier epithelia also undergo pyroptosis. However, unique mechanisms are required for the removal of pyroptotic epithelial cells to maintain epithelial barrier integrity. In the following review, we discuss the role of epithelial inflammasomes and pyroptosis in host defense against pathogens. We use the well-established role of inflammasomes in intestinal epithelia to highlight principles of epithelial pyroptosis in host defense of barrier tissues, and discuss how these principles might be shared or distinctive across other epithelial sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline J Churchill
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Isabella Rauch
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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175
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Curcumin Inhibits Papillary Thyroid Cancer Cell Proliferation by Regulating lncRNA LINC00691. Anal Cell Pathol 2022; 2022:5946670. [PMID: 35256924 PMCID: PMC8898135 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5946670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is a type of epithelial-derived differentiated TC that reportedly accounts for a majority of TCs. Curcumin, a polyphenolic compound and a member of the Zingiberaceae (ginger) family derived from turmeric plants, can exhibit anticancer effects. Herein, we aimed to investigate the effect of curcumin on PTC and elucidate underlying mechanisms. Accordingly, PTC B-CPAP cells were treated with curcumin, in combination with/without long noncoding RNA LINC00691 inhibition, to determine the effect of curcumin and its relationship with LINC00691 in PTC cells. We observed that curcumin treatment decreased B-CPAP cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis. Curcumin inhibited LINC00691 expression in B-CPAP cells. Curcumin administration or si-LINC00691 transfection alone promoted ATP levels, inhibited glucose uptake and lactic acid levels, and inhibited lactate dehydrogenase A and hexokinase 2 protein expression in B-CPAP cells, which were further enhanced by combination treatment. Moreover, curcumin administration or si-LINC00691 transfection alone inhibited p-Akt activity, further suppressed by combination treatment. Akt inhibition promoted apoptosis and suppressed the Warburg effect in B-CPAP cells. In conclusion, our findings indicate that curcumin promotes apoptosis and suppresses proliferation and the Warburg effect by inhibiting LINC00691 in B-CPAP cells. The precise molecular mechanism might be mediated through the Akt signaling pathway, providing a theoretical basis for the treatment of PTC with curcumin.
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176
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Abdalla A, Murali C, Amin A. Safranal Inhibits Angiogenesis via Targeting HIF-1α/VEGF Machinery: In Vitro and Ex Vivo Insights. Front Oncol 2022; 11:789172. [PMID: 35211395 PMCID: PMC8862147 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.789172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nature has a nearly infinite inventory of unexplored phytochemicals and biomolecules that have the potential to treat a variety of diseases. Safranal exhibits anti-cancer property and the present study explores its antiangiogenic property. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks as the sixth deadliest among all cancer types. Targeting the non-tumor vasculature supporting system is very promising as it has less plasticity, unlike malignant cells that are often associated with issues like drug resistance, poor prognosis, and relapse. In this study, we successfully inhibited the proliferation of primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) with an IC50 of 300μM and blocked VEGF secretion in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, safranal inhibited VEGF-induced angiogenesis in vitro and ex vivo via scratch wound assay, tube formation assay, transmembrane assay, and aortic ring assay. In addition, safranal downregulated the in vitro expression of HIF-1α, VEGF, VEGFR2, p-AKT, p-ERK1/2, MMP9, p-FAK, and p-STAT3. The present study is the first to reveal the antiangiogenic potential of safranal and propose its possible underlying mechanism in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abdalla
- Weinberg Institute for Cognitive Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Chandraprabha Murali
- Biology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amr Amin
- Biology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.,The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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177
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Gupta S, Mukhopadhyay S, Mitra A. Therapeutic potential of GHSR-1A antagonism in alcohol dependence, a review. Life Sci 2022; 291:120316. [PMID: 35016882 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1A (GHSR-1A) is a functional receptor of orexigenic peptide ghrelin and is highly expressed in mesolimbic dopaminergic systems that regulate incentive value of artificial reward in substance abuse. Interestingly, GHSR-1A has also shown ligand-independent constitutive activity. Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is one of the growing concerns worldwide as it involves complex neuro-psycho-endocrinological interactions. Positive correlation of acylated ghrelin and alcohol-induced human brain response in the right and left ventral striatum are evident. In the last decade, the beneficial effects of ghrelin receptor (GHSR-1A) antagonism to suppress artificial reward circuitries and induce self-control for alcohol consumption have drawn significant attention from researchers. In this updated review, we summarize the available recent preclinical, clinical, and experimental data to discuss functional, molecular actions of central ghrelin-GHSR-1A signaling in different craving levels for alcohol as well as to promote "GHSR-1A antagonism" as one of the potential therapies in early abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyasi Gupta
- Department of Zoology, Triveni Devi Bhalotia College, Raniganj, Paschim Bardhaman 713 347, West Bengal, India
| | - Sanchari Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Hombegowda Nagar, Bengaluru 560029, India
| | - Arkadeep Mitra
- Department of Zoology, City College, 102/1, Raja Rammohan Sarani, Kolkata 700 009, West Bengal, India.
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178
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Yang H, Yang WJ, Hu B. Gastric epithelial histology and precancerous conditions. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:396-412. [PMID: 35317321 PMCID: PMC8919001 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i2.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common histological type of gastric cancer (GC) is gastric adenocarcinoma arising from the gastric epithelium. Less common variants include mesenchymal, lymphoproliferative and neuroendocrine neoplasms. The Lauren scheme classifies GC into intestinal type, diffuse type and mixed type. The WHO classification includes papillary, tubular, mucinous, poorly cohesive and mixed GC. Chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) and intestinal metaplasia are recommended as common precancerous conditions. No definite precancerous condition of diffuse/poorly/undifferentiated type is recommended. Chronic superficial inflammation and hyperplasia of foveolar cells may be the focus. Presently, the management of early GC and precancerous conditions mainly relies on endoscopy including diagnosis, treatment and surveillance. Management of precancerous conditions promotes the early detection and treatment of early GC, and even prevent the occurrence of GC. In the review, precancerous conditions including CAG, metaplasia, foveolar hyperplasia and gastric hyperplastic polyps derived from the gastric epithelium have been concluded, based on the overview of gastric epithelial histological organization and its renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wen-Juan Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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179
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Chen X, Chen W, Ci W, Zheng Y, Han X, Huang J, Zhu J. Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bacillus subtilis on Mucosal Immunity and Intestinal Barrier Are Associated with Its Modulation of Gut Metabolites and Microbiota in Late-Phase Laying Hens. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2022:10.1007/s12602-022-09923-7. [PMID: 35138584 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09923-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bacillus subtilis on the intestinal immune response, intestinal barrier function, cecal microbiota profile, and metabolite profile in late-phase laying hens. Hens were divided into three groups and fed with the basal diet (NC group), basal diet supplementation with 250 mg/kg B. subtilis and L. acidophilus mixture powder (LD group), and basal diet supplementation with 500 mg/kg B. subtilis and L. acidophilus mixture powder (HD group), respectively. The results indicated that the dietary supplementation with L. acidophilus and B. subtilis increased the integrity of the intestinal barrier as evidenced by the significant increase in the number of ileal goblet cells and improve the expression of occludin, claudin-1, and ZO-1 genes in the HD group. Moreover, the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ were significantly decreased in the LD and HD groups. The levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) increased in the LD and HD group, and the levels of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) increased with the HD treatment. Furthermore, 16 s rRNA sequencing revealed L. acidophilus in combination with B. subtilis increased the diversity of gut microbiota. The metabolomic analysis revealed beneficial changes in the amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism (decrease in LysoPC and LysoPE levels). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with L. acidophilus and B. subtilis could improve intestinal barrier function and maintain immune homeostasis. These beneficial effects may be associated with the modulation of the intestinal microbiome and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Centre for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Weiwen Chen
- Centre for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Wenjia Ci
- Centre for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Yingying Zheng
- Centre for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Xinyan Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jianping Huang
- Food Processing Technology Laboratory, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Jianjin Zhu
- Centre for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
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180
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Sáenz JB, Vargas N, Cho CJ, Mills JC. Regulation of the double-stranded RNA response through ADAR1 licenses metaplastic reprogramming in gastric epithelium. JCI Insight 2022; 7:153511. [PMID: 35132959 PMCID: PMC8855806 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells recognize both foreign and host-derived double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) via a signaling pathway that is usually studied in the context of viral infection. It has become increasingly clear that the sensing and handling of endogenous dsRNA is also critical for cellular differentiation and development. The adenosine RNA deaminase, ADAR1, has been implicated as a central regulator of the dsRNA response, but how regulation of the dsRNA response might mediate cell fate during injury and whether such signaling is cell intrinsic remain unclear. Here, we show that the ADAR1-mediated response to dsRNA was dramatically induced in 2 distinct injury models of gastric metaplasia. Mouse organoid and in vivo genetic models showed that ADAR1 coordinated a cell-intrinsic, epithelium-autonomous, and interferon signaling–independent dsRNA response. In addition, dsRNA accumulated within a differentiated epithelial population (chief cells) in mouse and human stomachs as these cells reprogrammed to a proliferative, reparative (metaplastic) state. Finally, chief cells required ADAR1 to reenter the cell cycle during metaplasia. Thus, cell-intrinsic ADAR1 signaling is critical for the induction of metaplasia. Because metaplasia increases cancer risk, these findings support roles for ADAR1 and the response to dsRNA in oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- José B Sáenz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nancy Vargas
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Charles J Cho
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine
| | - Jason C Mills
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine.,Department of Pathology and Immunology; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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181
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Profiling of the Bacterial Microbiota along the Murine Alimentary Tract. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031783. [PMID: 35163705 PMCID: PMC8836272 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, the spatial distribution of the bacterial flora along the murine alimentary tract was evaluated using high throughput sequencing in wild-type and Tff3-deficient (Tff3KO) animals. Loss of Tff3 was linked to increased dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. This systematic study shows the results of 13 different regions from the esophagus to the rectum. The number of bacterial species (richness) increased from the esophagus to the rectum, from 50 to 200, respectively. Additionally, the bacterial community structure changed continuously; the highest changes were between the upper/middle and lower gastrointestinal compartments when comparing adjacent regions. Lactobacillus was the major colonizer in the upper/middle gastrointestinal tract, especially in the esophagus and stomach. From the caecum, a drastic diminution of Lactobacillus occurred, while members of Lachnospiraceae significantly increased. A significant change occurred in the bacterial community between the ascending and the transverse colon with Bacteroidetes being the major colonizers with relative constant abundance until the rectum. Interestingly, wild-type and Tff3KO animals did not show significant differences in their bacterial communities, suggesting that Tff3 is not involved in alterations of intraluminal or adhesive microbiota but is obviously important for mucosal protection, e.g., of the sensitive stem cells in the colonic crypts probably by a mucus plume.
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182
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Kim KA, Jung JH, Choi YS, Kim ST. Wogonin inhibits tight junction disruption via suppression of inflammatory response and phosphorylation of AKT/NF-κB and ERK1/2 in rhinovirus-infected human nasal epithelial cells. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:357-368. [PMID: 35107605 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01542-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The maintenance of tight junction integrity contributes significantly to epithelial barrier function. If barrier function is destroyed, cell permeability increases and the movement of pathogens is promoted, further increasing the susceptibility to secondary infection. Here, we examined the protective effects of wogonin on rhinovirus (RV)-induced tight junction disruption. Additionally, we examined the signaling molecules responsible for anti-inflammatory activities in human nasal epithelial (HNE) cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Primary HNE cells grown at an air-liquid interface and RPMI 2650 cells were infected apically with RV. Incubation with RV resulted in disruption of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, E-cadherin, claudin-1, and occludin) in the HNE cells. Cell viability of wogonin-treated HNE cells was measured using the MTT assay. Pretreatment with wogonin decreased RV-induced disruption of tight junctions in HNE cells. Furthermore, wogonin significantly decreased RV-induced phosphorylation of Akt/NF-κB and ERK1/2. Additionally, RV-induced generation of reactive oxygen species and RV-induced up-regulation of the production of inflammatory cytokines IL-8 and IL-6 were diminished by wogonin in HNE cells. CONCLUSION Wogonin inhibits HRV-induced tight junction disruption via the suppression of inflammatory responses and phosphorylation of Akt/NF-κB and ERK1/2 in HNE cells. These finds will facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong Ah Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, 21 Namdong-daero 774beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon, 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Jung
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, 21 Namdong-daero 774beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon, 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Sook Choi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, 21 Namdong-daero 774beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon, 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Tae Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, 21 Namdong-daero 774beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon, 21565, Republic of Korea.
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183
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Goldenring JR, Mills JC. Cellular Plasticity, Reprogramming, and Regeneration: Metaplasia in the Stomach and Beyond. Gastroenterology 2022; 162:415-430. [PMID: 34728185 PMCID: PMC8792220 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The mucosa of the body of the stomach (ie, the gastric corpus) uses 2 overlapping, depth-dependent mechanisms to respond to injury. Superficial injury heals via surface cells with histopathologic changes like foveolar hyperplasia. Deeper, usually chronic, injury/inflammation, most frequently induced by the carcinogenic bacteria Helicobacter pylori, elicits glandular histopathologic alterations, initially manifesting as pyloric (also known as pseudopyloric) metaplasia. In this pyloric metaplasia, corpus glands become antrum (pylorus)-like with loss of acid-secreting parietal cells (atrophic gastritis), expansion of foveolar cells, and reprogramming of digestive enzyme-secreting chief cells into deep antral gland-like mucous cells. After acute parietal cell loss, chief cells can reprogram through an orderly stepwise progression (paligenosis) initiated by interleukin-13-secreting innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). First, massive lysosomal activation helps mitigate reactive oxygen species and remove damaged organelles. Second, mucus and wound-healing proteins (eg, TFF2) and other transcriptional alterations are induced, at which point the reprogrammed chief cells are recognized as mucus-secreting spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia cells. In chronic severe injury, glands with pyloric metaplasia can harbor both actively proliferating spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia cells and eventually intestine-like cells. Gastric glands with such lineage confusion (mixed incomplete intestinal metaplasia and proliferative spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia) may be at particular risk for progression to dysplasia and cancer. A pyloric-like pattern of metaplasia after injury also occurs in other gastrointestinal organs including esophagus, pancreas, and intestines, and the paligenosis program itself seems broadly conserved across tissues and species. Here we discuss aspects of metaplasia in stomach, incorporating data derived from animal models and work on human cells and tissues in correlation with diagnostic and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Goldenring
- Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | - Jason C Mills
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
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184
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Mansourzadeh S, Esmaeili F, Shabani L, Gharibi S. Trans-differentiation of mouse mesenchymal stem cells into pancreatic β-like cells by a traditional anti-diabetic medicinal herb Medicago sativa L. J Tradit Complement Med 2022; 12:466-476. [PMID: 36081823 PMCID: PMC9446024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Medicago sativa L. is a medicinal herb first cultivated in ancient Iran. Traditionally, it has been utilized for the treatment of several disorders. The plant has been in the human diet for at least 1500 years. Although the hypoglycaemic and anti-diabetic effects of the plant have been approved in traditional medicine, further investigations are needed to support the rational use of M. sativa by humans. This project aimed to evaluate the trans-differentiation potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to pancreatic β-like cells (insulin-producing cells; IPCs) under the influence of M. sativa extract. Experimental procedure Bone marrow MSCs isolated, characterized, and then treated by flower or leaf extract of M. sativa. Beta-cell characteristics of the differentiated cells were evaluated by several techniques, including specific staining, QPCR, immunofluorescence, and ELISA. Results The results showed that the differentiated cells were able to express some specific pancreatic genes (PDX-1, insulin1, and insulin2) and proteins (insulin receptor beta, insulin, proinsulin, and C peptide). Furthermore, ELISA analysis indicated the ability of these cells in the production and secretion of insulin, after exposure to glucose. Conclusion Overall, both the flower and leaf extract of M. sativa had the potential of differentiation induction of MSCs into IPCs with the characteristics of pancreatic β–like cells. Therefore, M. sativa, as an herbal drug, may be beneficial for the treatment of diseases including diabetes.
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185
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Douchi D, Yamamura A, Matsuo J, Lee JW, Nuttonmanit N, Melissa Lim YH, Suda K, Shimura M, Chen S, Pang S, Kohu K, Kaneko M, Kiyonari H, Kaneda A, Yoshida H, Taniuchi I, Osato M, Yang H, Unno M, Bok-Yan So J, Yeoh KG, Huey Chuang LS, Bae SC, Ito Y. A Point Mutation R122C in RUNX3 Promotes the Expansion of Isthmus Stem Cells and Inhibits Their Differentiation in the Stomach. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 13:1317-1345. [PMID: 35074568 PMCID: PMC8933847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS RUNX transcription factors play pivotal roles in embryonic development and neoplasia. We previously identified the single missense mutation R122C in RUNX3 from human gastric cancer. However, how RUNX3R122C mutation disrupts stem cell homeostasis and promotes gastric carcinogenesis remained unclear. METHODS To understand the oncogenic nature of this mutation in vivo, we generated the RUNX3R122C knock-in mice. Stomach tissues were harvested, followed by histologic and immunofluorescence staining, organoid culture, flow cytometry to isolate gastric corpus isthmus and nonisthmus epithelial cells, and RNA extraction for transcriptomic analysis. RESULTS The corpus tissue of RUNX3R122C/R122C homozygous mice showed a precancerous phenotype such as spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia. We observed mucous neck cell hyperplasia; massive reduction of pit, parietal, and chief cell populations; as well as a dramatic increase in the number of rapidly proliferating isthmus stem/progenitor cells in the corpus of RUNX3R122C/R122C mice. Transcriptomic analyses of the isolated epithelial cells showed that the cell-cycle-related MYC target gene signature was enriched in the corpus epithelial cells of RUNX3R122C/R122C mice compared with the wild-type corpus. Mechanistically, RUNX3R122C mutant protein disrupted the regulation of the restriction point where cells decide to enter either a proliferative or quiescent state, thereby driving stem cell expansion and limiting the ability of cells to terminally differentiate. CONCLUSIONS RUNX3R122C missense mutation is associated with the continuous cycling of isthmus stem/progenitor cells, maturation arrest, and development of a precancerous state. This work highlights the importance of RUNX3 in the prevention of metaplasia and gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Douchi
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yamamura
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Junichi Matsuo
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jung-Won Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Institute for Tumor Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Napat Nuttonmanit
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Hui Melissa Lim
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kazuto Suda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pediatric General and Urogenital Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Shimura
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sabirah Chen
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - ShuChin Pang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kazuyoshi Kohu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mari Kaneko
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kaneda
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yoshida
- YCI Laboratory for Immunological Transcriptomics, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ichiro Taniuchi
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Motomi Osato
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Henry Yang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jimmy Bok-Yan So
- Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Khay Guan Yeoh
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Suk-Chul Bae
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Institute for Tumor Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Yoshiaki Ito
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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186
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Abstract
Magnetic cell separation has become a key methodology for the isolation of target cell populations from biological suspensions, covering a wide spectrum of applications from diagnosis and therapy in biomedicine to environmental applications or fundamental research in biology. There now exists a great variety of commercially available separation instruments and reagents, which has permitted rapid dissemination of the technology. However, there is still an increasing demand for new tools and protocols which provide improved selectivity, yield and sensitivity of the separation process while reducing cost and providing a faster response. This review aims to introduce basic principles of magnetic cell separation for the neophyte, while giving an overview of recent research in the field, from the development of new cell labeling strategies to the design of integrated microfluidic cell sorters and of point-of-care platforms combining cell selection, capture, and downstream detection. Finally, we focus on clinical, industrial and environmental applications where magnetic cell separation strategies are amongst the most promising techniques to address the challenges of isolating rare cells.
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187
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Zan X, Chen Z, Guo Q, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Ji R, Zheng Y, Zhang J, Wu Z, Li M, Wang X, Ye Y, Li X, An F, Xu C, Lu L, Fan P, Zhang J, Guan Q, Li Q, Liu M, Ren Q, Hu X, Lu H, Wang Y, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Gou X, Shu X, Wang J, Hu Z, Liu R, Yuan H, Liu J, Qiao L, Zhou Y. The Association of Trefoil Factors with Gastric Cancer and Premalignant Lesions: A Cross-sectional Population-based Cohort Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022; 31:625-632. [PMID: 35027436 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-0760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A lack of research on the association of trefoil factors (TFFs) with gastric cancer (GC) and premalignant lesions (PMLs) in the general populations is an important obstacle to the application of TFFs for GC screening. We aimed to analyze the association of TFFs with GC and PMLs in a general population. METHODS We evaluated 3,986 adults residing in Wuwei, China. We collected baseline characteristics and GC risk factors, including TFFs, endoscopic diagnosis, and pathological information. Three logistic regression models were generated to analyze the association between TFFs and GC, as well as PMLs. Adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated to determine the strength of association. RESULTS Compared with pepsinogen (PG) and anti-Helicobacter pylori immunoglobulin G antibody (Hp-IgG), TFFs had significant association with GC and PMLs after adjusting for biomarkers and risk factors (P < 0.05). The ORs [95% CI] for TFF1 (1.67 [1.27-2.20]), TFF2 (2.66 [2.01-3.51]), and TFF3 (1.32 [1.00-1.74]) were larger than the ORs for PGI (0.79 [0.61-1.03]), PGI/II (1.00 [0.76-1.31]) and Hp-IgG (0.99 [0.73-1.35]) in the GC group. In intestinal metaplasia (IM) group, not only the TFF3 serum level was the highest, but also the OR (1.92 [1.64-2.25]) was the highest. CONCLUSIONS Trefoil factor were associated with risk of GC and PMLs. IMPACT Serum TFFs can improve the screening of high-risk populations for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Zan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | - Zhaofeng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | - Qinghong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | - Zhiyi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gansu Wuwei Tumor Hospital
| | - Rui Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | - Ya Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | | | | | - Min Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital
| | - Yuwei Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | - Quanlin Guan
- First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University
| | - Qiang Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | - Qian Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | - Xiaobin Hu
- Lanzhou University School of Public Health
| | - Hong Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | - Yuling Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | - Hongling Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | - Xi Gou
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | - Xiaochuang Shu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | - Zenan Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | - Hao Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Liang Qiao
- Storr Liver Centre, the Westmead Institute for Medical Research, the University of Sydney at the Westmead
| | - Yongning Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University
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188
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Xu J, Shen J, Yuan R, Jia B, Zhang Y, Wang S, Zhang Y, Liu M, Wang T. Mitochondrial Targeting Therapeutics: Promising Role of Natural Products in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:796207. [PMID: 35002729 PMCID: PMC8733608 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.796207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become one of the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide, and its prevalence is still growing rapidly. However, the efficient therapies for this liver disease are still limited. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been proven to be closely associated with NAFLD. The mitochondrial injury caused reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and oxidative stress can aggravate the hepatic lipid accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis. which contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of NAFLD. Therefore, pharmacological therapies that target mitochondria could be a promising way for the NAFLD intervention. Recently, natural products targeting mitochondria have been extensively studied and have shown promising pharmacological activity. In this review, the recent research progress on therapeutic effects of natural-product-derived compounds that target mitochondria and combat NAFLD was summarized, aiming to provide new potential therapeutic lead compounds and reference for the innovative drug development and clinical treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiayan Shen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruolan Yuan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Bona Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Sijian Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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189
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Zhou X, Guo Y, Yang K, Liu P, Wang J. The signaling pathways of traditional Chinese medicine in promoting diabetic wound healing. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114662. [PMID: 34555452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The diabetic wound is one of the common chronic complications of diabetes, which seriously affects patients' quality of life and even causes disability and death. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a unique and precious resource in China, which has a good curative effect and safety. At present, it has been found that Chinese herbal compounds and effective active ingredients can effectively promote diabetic wound healing, and its mechanism needs to be further studied. Signaling pathways are involved in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetic wounds, which is one of the main targets for the pathologic mechanism of diabetic wounds and the pharmacological research of therapeutic drugs. AIM OF THE REVIEW This study has been carried out to reveal the classical signaling pathways and potential targets by the action of TCM on diabetic wound healing and provides evidence for its clinical efficacy. MATERIALS AND METHODS "diabetic wound", "diabetic foot ulcer", "traditional Chinese medicine", "natural plant" and "medicinal plant", were selected as the main keywords, and various online search engines, such as PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI and other publication resources, were used for searching literature. RESULTS The results showed that TCM could regulate the signaling pathways to promote diabetic wound healing, such as Wnt, Nrf2/ARE, MAPK, PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, Notch, TGF-β/Smad, HIF-1α/VEGF, which maintaining inflammatory interaction balance, inhibiting oxidative stress and regulating abnormal glucose metabolism. CONCLUSION The effect of TCM on diabetic wound healing was reflected in multiple levels and multiple pathways. It is envisaged to carry out further research from precision-targeted therapy, provide ideas for screening the core target of TCM in treating diabetic wounds and create modern innovative drugs based on this target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture Moxibustion, No.88 Changling Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300193, China; Graduate School of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Yanling Guo
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture Moxibustion, No.88 Changling Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300193, China; Graduate School of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Kun Yang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture Moxibustion, No.88 Changling Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300193, China; Graduate School of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Peng Liu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture Moxibustion, No.88 Changling Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300193, China; Graduate School of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture Moxibustion, No.88 Changling Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300193, China.
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190
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Generation of Human Stomach Cancer iPSC-Derived Organoids Induced by Helicobacter pylori Infection and Their Application to Gastric Cancer Research. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020184. [PMID: 35053302 PMCID: PMC8773924 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is considerable cellular diversity in the human stomach, which has helped to clarify cell plasticity in normal development and tumorigenesis. Thus, the stomach is an interesting model for understanding cellular plasticity and for developing prospective anticancer therapeutic agents. However, many questions remain regarding the development of cancers in vivo and in vitro in two- or three-dimensional (2D/3D) cultures, as well as the role of Helicobacter pylori (H. p.) infection. Here, we focus on the characteristics of cancer stem cells and their derived 3D organoids in culture, including the formation of stem cell niches. We define the conditions required for such organoid culture in vitro and examine the ability of such models for testing the use of anticancer agents. We also summarize the signaling cascades and the specific markers of stomach-cancer-derived organoids induced by H. p. infection, and their stem cell niches.
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191
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TANG Z, WANG Y, HUANG Y. Astragalus polysaccharide inhibits apoptosis and inflammation to alleviate chronic atrophic gastritis through NF-κB signaling pathway in rats. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.121921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi WANG
- Xiaochang County Maternal and Child Health Hospital, China
| | - Yan HUANG
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, China
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192
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Tufvesson-Alm M, Shevchouk OT, Jerlhag E. Insight into the role of the gut-brain axis in alcohol-related responses: Emphasis on GLP-1, amylin, and ghrelin. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1092828. [PMID: 36699502 PMCID: PMC9868418 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1092828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) contributes substantially to global morbidity and mortality. Given the heterogenicity of this brain disease, available pharmacological treatments only display efficacy in sub-set of individuals. The need for additional treatment options is thus substantial and is the goal of preclinical studies unraveling neurobiological mechanisms underlying AUD. Although these neurobiological processes are complex and numerous, one system gaining recent attention is the gut-brain axis. Peptides of the gut-brain axis include anorexigenic peptide like glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and amylin as well as the orexigenic peptide ghrelin. In animal models, agonists of the GLP-1 or amylin receptor and ghrelin receptor (GHSR) antagonists reduce alcohol drinking, relapse drinking, and alcohol-seeking. Moreover, these three gut-brain peptides modulate alcohol-related responses (behavioral and neurochemical) in rodents, suggesting that the alcohol reduction may involve a suppression of alcohol's rewarding properties. Brain areas participating in the ability of these gut-brain peptides to reduce alcohol-mediated behaviors/neurochemistry involve those important for reward. Human studies support these preclinical studies as polymorphisms of the genes encoding for GLP-1 receptor or the ghrelin pathway are associated with AUD. Moreover, a GLP-1 receptor agonist decreases alcohol drinking in overweight patients with AUD and an inverse GHSR agonist reduces alcohol craving. Although preclinical and clinical studies reveal an interaction between the gut-brain axis and AUD, additional studies should explore this in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Tufvesson-Alm
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Olesya T Shevchouk
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Jerlhag
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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193
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Doornebal EJ, Harris N, Riva A, Jagatia R, Pizanias M, Prachalias A, Menon K, Preziosi M, Zamalloa A, Miquel R, Zen Y, Orford MR, Eaton S, Heaton N, Ramage J, Palma E, Srirajaskanthan R, Chokshi S. Human Immunocompetent Model of Neuroendocrine Liver Metastases Recapitulates Patient-Specific Tumour Microenvironment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:909180. [PMID: 35909511 PMCID: PMC9326114 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.909180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine liver metastases (LM-NEN) develop in a considerable proportion of patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. There is a paucity of experimental models that accurately recapitulate this complex metastatic human liver microenvironment precluding scientific and clinical advancements. Here, we describe the development of a novel personalised immunocompetent precision cut tumour slice (PCTS) model for LM-NEN using resected human liver tissue. The histological assessment throughout the culture demonstrated that slices maintain viability for at least 7 days and retain the cellular heterogeneity of the original tumour. Essential clinical features, such as patient-specific histoarchitecture, tumour grade, neuroendocrine differentiation and metabolic capacity, are preserved in the slices. The PCTS also replicate the tumor-specific immunological profile as shown by the innate and adaptive immunity markers analysis. Furthermore, the study of soluble immune checkpoint receptors in the culture supernatants proves that these immunomodulators are actively produced by LM-NEN and suggests that this process is epithelium-dependent. This model can be employed to investigate these pathways and provides a powerful platform for mechanistic, immunological and pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewald Jan Doornebal
- Foundation for Liver Research, The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, London, United Kingdom
- King’s College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Harris
- Foundation for Liver Research, The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, London, United Kingdom
- King’s College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Riva
- Foundation for Liver Research, The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, London, United Kingdom
- King’s College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ravi Jagatia
- Foundation for Liver Research, The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, London, United Kingdom
- King’s College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michail Pizanias
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Prachalias
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Krishna Menon
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa Preziosi
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ane Zamalloa
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rosa Miquel
- Liver Histopathology Laboratory, Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yoh Zen
- Liver Histopathology Laboratory, Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Robert Orford
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Eaton
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Heaton
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Ramage
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, ENETS Centre of Excellence, King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Palma
- Foundation for Liver Research, The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, London, United Kingdom
- King’s College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Shilpa Chokshi, ; Elena Palma,
| | - Rajaventhan Srirajaskanthan
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, ENETS Centre of Excellence, King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shilpa Chokshi
- Foundation for Liver Research, The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, London, United Kingdom
- King’s College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Shilpa Chokshi, ; Elena Palma,
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194
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Singh RP, Shadan A, Ma Y. Biotechnological Applications of Probiotics: A Multifarious Weapon to Disease and Metabolic Abnormality. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2022; 14:1184-1210. [PMID: 36121610 PMCID: PMC9483357 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09992-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of live microorganisms "Probiotics" for health benefits and well-being is increasing worldwide. Their use as a therapeutic approach to confer health benefits has fascinated humans for centuries; however, its conceptuality gradually evolved with methodological advancement, thereby improving our understanding of probiotics-host interaction. However, the emerging concern regarding safety aspects of live microbial is enhancing the interest in non-viable or microbial cell extracts, as they could reduce the risks of microbial translocation and infection. Due to technical limitations in the production and formulation of traditionally used probiotics, the scientific community has been focusing on discovering new microbes to be used as probiotics. In many scientific studies, probiotics have been shown as potential tools to treat metabolic disorders such as obesity, type-2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, digestive disorders (e.g., acute and antibiotic-associated diarrhea), and allergic disorders (e.g., eczema) in infants. However, the mechanistic insight of strain-specific probiotic action is still unknown. In the present review, we analyzed the scientific state-of-the-art regarding the mechanisms of probiotic action, its physiological and immuno-modulation on the host, and new direction regarding the development of next-generation probiotics. We discuss the use of recently discovered genetic tools and their applications for engineering the probiotic bacteria for various applications including food, biomedical applications, and other health benefits. Finally, the review addresses the future development of biological techniques in combination with clinical and preclinical studies to explain the molecular mechanism of action, and discover an ideal multifunctional probiotic bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajnish Prakash Singh
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand India
| | - Afreen Shadan
- Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee University, Ranchi, Jharkhand India
| | - Ying Ma
- College of Resource and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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195
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A review of protein adsorption and bioactivity characteristics of poly ε-caprolactone scaffolds in regenerative medicine. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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196
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Deschaine SL, Farokhnia M, Gregory-Flores A, Zallar LJ, You ZB, Sun H, Harvey DM, Marchette RCN, Tunstall BJ, Mani BK, Moose JE, Lee MR, Gardner E, Akhlaghi F, Roberto M, Hougland JL, Zigman JM, Koob GF, Vendruscolo LF, Leggio L. A closer look at alcohol-induced changes in the ghrelin system: novel insights from preclinical and clinical data. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13033. [PMID: 33908131 PMCID: PMC8548413 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ghrelin is a gastric-derived peptide hormone with demonstrated impact on alcohol intake and craving, but the reverse side of this bidirectional link, that is, the effects of alcohol on the ghrelin system, remains to be fully established. To further characterize this relationship, we examined (1) ghrelin levels via secondary analysis of human laboratory alcohol administration experiments with heavy-drinking participants; (2) expression of ghrelin, ghrelin receptor, and ghrelin-O-acyltransferase (GOAT) genes (GHRL, GHSR, and MBOAT4, respectively) in post-mortem brain tissue from individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) versus controls; (3) ghrelin levels in Ghsr knockout and wild-type rats following intraperitoneal (i.p.) alcohol administration; (4) effect of alcohol on ghrelin secretion from gastric mucosa cells ex vivo and GOAT enzymatic activity in vitro; and (5) ghrelin levels in rats following i.p. alcohol administration versus a calorically equivalent non-alcoholic sucrose solution. Acyl- and total-ghrelin levels decreased following acute alcohol administration in humans, but AUD was not associated with changes in central expression of ghrelin system genes in post-mortem tissue. In rats, alcohol decreased acyl-ghrelin, but not des-acyl-ghrelin, in both Ghsr knockout and wild-type rats. No dose-dependent effects of alcohol were observed on acyl-ghrelin secretion from gastric mucosa cells or on GOAT acylation activity. Lastly, alcohol and sucrose produced distinct effects on ghrelin in rats despite equivalent caloric value. Our findings suggest that alcohol acutely decreases peripheral ghrelin concentrations in vivo, but not in proportion to alcohol's caloric value or through direct interaction with ghrelin-secreting gastric mucosal cells, the ghrelin receptor, or the GOAT enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L. Deschaine
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National, Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mehdi Farokhnia
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National, Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Center on Compulsive Behaviors, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA,Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Adriana Gregory-Flores
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National, Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lia J. Zallar
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National, Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhi-Bing You
- Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hui Sun
- Clinical Core Laboratory, Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Deon M. Harvey
- Office of the Scientific Director, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Renata C. N. Marchette
- Center on Compulsive Behaviors, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA,Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Brendan J. Tunstall
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bharath K. Mani
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jacob E. Moose
- Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA,Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Mary R. Lee
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National, Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eliot Gardner
- Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Fatemeh Akhlaghi
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Marisa Roberto
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - James L. Hougland
- Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA,Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA,BioInspired Syracuse, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Zigman
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA,Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - George F. Koob
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Leandro F. Vendruscolo
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lorenzo Leggio
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National, Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Center on Compulsive Behaviors, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA,Medication Development Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA,Division of Addiction Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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197
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Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need for a model of diffuse-type gastric cancer that captures the features of the disease, facilitates the study of its mechanisms, and aids the development of potential therapies. One such model may be Cdh1 and Trp53 double conditional knockout (DCKO) mice, which have histopathological features similar to those of human diffuse-type gastric cancer. However, a genomic profile of this mouse model has yet to be completed. METHODS Whole-genome sequences of tumors from eight DCKO mice were analyzed and their molecular features were compared with those of human gastric adenocarcinoma. RESULTS DCKO mice gastric cancers harbored single nucleotide variations and indel patterns comparable to those of human genomically stable gastric cancers, whereas their copy number variation fraction and ploidy were more similar to human chromosomal instability gastric cancers (perhaps due to Trp53 knockout). Copy number variations dominated changes in cancer-related genes in DCKO mice, with typical high-level amplifications observed for oncogenic drivers, e.g., Myc, Ccnd1, and Cdks, as well as gastrointestinal transcription factors, e.g., Gata4, Foxa1, and Sox9. Interestingly, frequent alterations in gastrointestinal transcription factors in DCKO mice indicated their potential role in tumorigenesis. Furthermore, mouse gastric cancer had a reproducible but smaller number of mutational signatures than human gastric cancer, including the potentially acid-related signature 17, indicating shared tumorigenic etiologies in humans and mice. CONCLUSIONS Cdh1/Trp53 DCKO mice have similar genomic features to those found in human gastric cancer; hence, this is a suitable model for further studies of diffuse-type gastric cancer mechanisms and therapies.
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198
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Masule MV, Rathod S, Agrawal Y, Patil CR, Nakhate KT, Ojha S, Goyal SN, Mahajan UB. Ghrelin mediated regulation of neurosynaptic transmitters in depressive disorders. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2022; 3:100113. [PMID: 35782191 PMCID: PMC9240712 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2022.100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin is a peptide released by the endocrine cells of the stomach and the neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. It modulates both peripheral and central functions. Although ghrelin has emerged as a potent stimulator of growth hormone release and as an orexigenic neuropeptide, the wealth of literature suggests its involvement in the pathophysiology of affective disorders including depression. Ghrelin exhibits a dual role through the advancement and reduction of depressive behavior with nervousness in the experimental animals. It modulates depression-related signals by forming neuronal networks with various neuropeptides and classical neurotransmitter systems. The present review emphasizes the integration and signaling of ghrelin with other neuromodulatory systems concerning depressive disorders. The role of ghrelin in the regulation of neurosynaptic transmission and depressive illnesses implies that the ghrelin system modulation can yield promising antidepressive therapies. Ghrelin is the orexigenic type of neuropeptide. It binds with the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR). GHSR is ubiquitously present in the various brain regions. Ghrelin is involved in the regulation of depression-related behavior. The review focuses on the neurotransmission and signaling of ghrelin in neuropsychiatric and depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milind V. Masule
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, 425405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sumit Rathod
- Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule, 424001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Yogeeta Agrawal
- Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule, 424001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Chandragouda R. Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, 425405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kartik T. Nakhate
- Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule, 424001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sameer N. Goyal
- Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule, 424001, Maharashtra, India
- Corresponding author.
| | - Umesh B. Mahajan
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, 425405, Maharashtra, India
- Corresponding author.
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199
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Cho CJ, Park D, Mills JC. ELAPOR1 is a secretory granule maturation-promoting factor that is lost during paligenosis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 322:G49-G65. [PMID: 34816763 PMCID: PMC8698547 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00246.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A single transcription factor, MIST1 (BHLHA15), maximizes secretory function in diverse secretory cells (like pancreatic acinar cells) by transcriptionally upregulating genes that elaborate secretory architecture. Here, we show that the scantly studied MIST1 target, ELAPOR1 (endosome/lysosome-associated apoptosis and autophagy regulator 1), is an evolutionarily conserved, novel mannose-6-phosphate receptor (M6PR) domain-containing protein. ELAPOR1 expression was specific to zymogenic cells (ZCs, the MIST1-expressing population in the stomach). ELAPOR1 expression was lost as tissue injury caused ZCs to undergo paligenosis (i.e., to become metaplastic and reenter the cell cycle). In cultured cells, ELAPOR1 trafficked with cis-Golgi resident proteins and with the trans-Golgi and late endosome protein: cation-independent M6PR. Secretory vesicle trafficking was disrupted by expression of ELAPOR1 truncation mutants. Mass spectrometric analysis of co-immunoprecipitated proteins showed ELAPOR1 and CI-M6PR shared many binding partners. However, CI-M6PR and ELAPOR1 must function differently, as CI-M6PR co-immunoprecipitated more lysosomal proteins and was not decreased during paligenosis in vivo. We generated Elapor1-/- mice to determine ELAPOR1 function in vivo. Consistent with in vitro findings, secretory granule maturation was defective in Elapor1-/- ZCs. Our results identify a role for ELAPOR1 in secretory granule maturation and help clarify how a single transcription factor maintains mature exocrine cell architecture in homeostasis and helps dismantle it during paligenosis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, we find the MIST1 (BHLHA15) transcriptional target ELAPOR1 is an evolutionarily conserved, trans-Golgi/late endosome M6PR domain-containing protein that is specific to gastric zymogenic cells and required for normal secretory granule maturation in human cell lines and in mouse stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J. Cho
- 1Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Dongkook Park
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jason C. Mills
- 1Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas,3Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas,4Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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200
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Shevchouk OT, Tufvesson-Alm M, Jerlhag E. An Overview of Appetite-Regulatory Peptides in Addiction Processes; From Bench to Bed Side. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:774050. [PMID: 34955726 PMCID: PMC8695496 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.774050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a substantial need for new pharmacological treatments of addiction, and appetite-regulatory peptides are implied as possible candidates. Appetite regulation is complex and involves anorexigenic hormones such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and amylin, and orexigenic peptides like ghrelin and all are well-known for their effects on feeding behaviors. This overview will summarize more recent physiological aspects of these peptides, demonstrating that they modulate various aspects of addiction processes. Findings from preclinical, genetic, and experimental clinical studies exploring the association between appetite-regulatory peptides and the acute or chronic effects of addictive drugs will be introduced. Short or long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonists independently attenuate the acute rewarding properties of addictive drugs or reduce the chronic aspects of drugs. Genetic variation of the GLP-1 system is associated with alcohol use disorder. Also, the amylin pathway modulates the acute and chronic behavioral responses to addictive drugs. Ghrelin has been shown to activate reward-related behaviors. Moreover, ghrelin enhances, whereas pharmacological or genetic suppression of the ghrelin receptor attenuates the responses to various addictive drugs. Genetic studies and experimental clinical studies further support the associations between ghrelin and addiction processes. Further studies should explore the mechanisms modulating the ability of appetite-regulatory peptides to reduce addiction, and the effects of combination therapies or different diets on substance use are warranted. In summary, these studies provide evidence that appetite-regulatory peptides modulate reward and addiction processes, and deserve to be investigated as potential treatment target for addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesya T Shevchouk
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maximilian Tufvesson-Alm
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Jerlhag
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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