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Tripathi G, Tripathi A, Johnson J, Kashyap MK. Role of RNA Splicing in Regulation of Cancer Stem Cell. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 18:3-6. [PMID: 34875992 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x16666211207103628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Greesham Tripathi
- Amity Stem Cell Institute, Amity Medical School, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon (Manesar), Haryana 122413, India
| | - Avantika Tripathi
- Amity Stem Cell Institute, Amity Medical School, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon (Manesar), Haryana 122413, India
| | - Joel Johnson
- Amity Stem Cell Institute, Amity Medical School, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon (Manesar), Haryana 122413, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Kashyap
- Amity Stem Cell Institute, Amity Medical School, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon (Manesar), Haryana 122413, India
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India
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O'Brien BJ, Faraoni EY, Strickland LN, Ma Z, Mota V, Mota S, Chen X, Mills T, Eltzschig HK, DelGiorno KE, Bailey‐Lundberg JM. CD73-generated extracellular adenosine promotes resolution of neutrophil-mediated tissue injury and restrains metaplasia in pancreatitis. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22684. [PMID: 36468677 PMCID: PMC9753971 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201537r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatitis is currently the leading cause of gastrointestinal hospitalizations in the US. This condition occurs in response to abdominal injury, gallstones, chronic alcohol consumption or, less frequently, the cause remains idiopathic. CD73 is a cell surface ecto-5'-nucleotidase that generates extracellular adenosine, which can contribute to resolution of inflammation by binding adenosine receptors on infiltrating immune cells. We hypothesized genetic deletion of CD73 would result in more severe pancreatitis due to decreased generation of extracellular adenosine. CD73 knockout (CD73-/- ) and C57BL/6 (wild type, WT) mice were used to evaluate the progression and response of caerulein-induced acute and chronic pancreatitis. In response to caerulein-mediated chronic or acute pancreatitis, WT mice display resolution of pancreatitis at earlier timepoints than CD73-/- mice. Using immunohistochemistry and analysis of single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data, we determined CD73 localization in chronic pancreatitis is primarily observed in mucin/ductal cell populations and immune cells. In murine pancreata challenged with caerulein to induce acute pancreatitis, we compared CD73-/- to WT mice and observed a significant infiltration of Ly6G+, MPO+, and Granzyme B+ cells in CD73-/- compared to WT pancreata and we quantified a significant increase in acinar-to-ductal metaplasia demonstrating sustained metaplasia and inflammation in CD73-/- mice. Using neutrophil depletion in CD73-/- mice, we show neutrophil depletion significantly reduces metaplasia defined by CK19+ cells per field and significantly reduces acute pancreatitis. These data identify CD73 enhancers as a potential therapeutic strategy for patients with acute and chronic pancreatitis as adenosine generation and activation of adenosine receptors is critical to resolve persistent inflammation in the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baylee J. O'Brien
- Center for Perioperative Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical SchoolThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Erika Y. Faraoni
- Center for Perioperative Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical SchoolThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Lincoln N. Strickland
- Center for Perioperative Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical SchoolThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Zhibo Ma
- Gene Expression LaboratoryThe Salk Institute for Biological SciencesSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Victoria Mota
- Center for Perioperative Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical SchoolThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Samantha Mota
- Center for Perioperative Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical SchoolThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
- The Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Xuebo Chen
- Center for Perioperative Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical SchoolThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Tingting Mills
- Department of Biochemistry, McGovern Medical SchoolThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Holger K. Eltzschig
- Center for Perioperative Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical SchoolThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Kathleen E. DelGiorno
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Jennifer M. Bailey‐Lundberg
- Center for Perioperative Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical SchoolThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
- The Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
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153
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Swetha KL, Maravajjala KS, Li SD, Singh MS, Roy A. Breaking the niche: multidimensional nanotherapeutics for tumor microenvironment modulation. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:105-134. [PMID: 35697894 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01194-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Most of the current antitumor therapeutics were developed targeting the cancer cells only. Unfortunately, in the majority of tumors, this single-dimensional therapy is found to be ineffective. Advanced research has shown that cancer is a multicellular disorder. The tumor microenvironment (TME), which is made by a complex network of the bulk tumor cells and other supporting cells, plays a crucial role in tumor progression. Understanding the importance of the TME in tumor growth, different treatment modalities have been developed targeting these supporting cells. Recent clinical results suggest that simultaneously targeting multiple components of the tumor ecosystem with drug combinations can be highly effective. This type of "multidimensional" therapy has a high potential for cancer treatment. However, tumor-specific delivery of such multi-drug combinations remains a challenge. Nanomedicine could be utilized for the tumor-targeted delivery of such multidimensional therapeutics. In this review, we first give a brief overview of the major components of TME. We then highlight the latest developments in nanoparticle-based combination therapies, where one drug targets cancer cells and other drug targets tumor-supporting components in the TME for a synergistic effect. We include the latest preclinical and clinical studies and discuss innovative nanoparticle-mediated targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Laxmi Swetha
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Vidya Vihar, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Kavya Sree Maravajjala
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Vidya Vihar, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Shyh-Dar Li
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, 2405 Westbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Manu Smriti Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Bennett University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India. .,Center of Excellence for Nanosensors and Nanomedicine, Bennett University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India.
| | - Aniruddha Roy
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Vidya Vihar, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India.
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154
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Wang Z, Dong H, Li W, Han F, Zhao L. PPAR-δ as a prognostic biomarker and its association with immune infiltrates in breast cancer PPAR-δ as a prognostic biomarker and its association with immune infiltrates in breast cancer. J Cancer 2023; 14:1049-1061. [PMID: 37151397 PMCID: PMC10158510 DOI: 10.7150/jca.81430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
While peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPAR-δ) and its associated signaling pathways have been shown to play an important regulatory role in various malignant tumors, in breast cancer, its potential influence on immune infiltration and its ability to serve as a prognostic marker remains unclear. BRCA patient samples with matched paracancerous samples were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). PPAR-δ expression, its potential effect on immune cell infiltration and its association to clinicopathological features were examined. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Single-Sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) were utilized for functional and pathway enrichment and to quantify the extent of immune cell infiltration. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression analysis (nomogram) were performed to assess the association between PPAR- δ and predicted survival. To confirm these findings, an allograft tumor mouse model was generated and treated with a PPAR-δ inhibitor to examine the role of PPAR-δ expression in vivo; while immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to examine PPAR-δ expression in paired BRCA patient samples in vitro. Overall, the findings presented herein suggest that PPAR-δ plays a crucial role in breast cancer progression and prognosis and may serve as a survival predictive biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonghan Wang
- Department of the Oncology, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hao Dong
- Department of the Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Hernia Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Dr Wei Li, Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (E-mail: ); Dr Fujun Han, Department of the Oncology, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (E-mail: ); Dr Lei Zhao, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (E-mail: )
| | - Fujun Han
- Department of the Oncology, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Dr Wei Li, Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (E-mail: ); Dr Fujun Han, Department of the Oncology, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (E-mail: ); Dr Lei Zhao, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (E-mail: )
| | - Lei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Dr Wei Li, Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (E-mail: ); Dr Fujun Han, Department of the Oncology, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (E-mail: ); Dr Lei Zhao, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (E-mail: )
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155
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Leng XF, Wang GF, Yin H, Wei F, Zeng KK, Zhang YQ. Comprehensive Analysis Identifies the PPAR-Targeted Genes Associated with Ovarian Cancer Prognosis and Tumor Microenvironment. PPAR Res 2023; 2023:6637414. [PMID: 37213709 PMCID: PMC10195182 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6637414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is a significant role for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in the development of cancer. Nevertheless, the role of PPARs-related genes in ovarian cancer (OC) remains unclear. Methods The open-accessed data used for analysis were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, which was analyzed using the R software. Results In our study, we comprehensively investigated the PPAR target genes in OC, including their biological role. Meanwhile, a prognosis signature consisting of eight PPAR target genes was established, including apolipoprotein A-V, UDP glucuronosyltransferase 2 family, polypeptide B4, TSC22 domain family, member 1, growth hormone inducible transmembrane protein, renin, dedicator of cytokinesis 4, enoyl CoA hydratase 1, peroxisomal (ECH1), and angiopoietin-like 4, which showed a good prediction efficiency. A nomogram was constructed by combining the clinical feature and risk score. Immune infiltration and biological enrichment analysis were applied to investigate the difference between high- and low-risk patients. Immunotherapy analysis indicated that low-risk patients might respond better to immunotherapy. Drug sensitivity analysis indicated that high-risk patients might respond better to bleomycin, nilotinib, pazopanib, pyrimethamine, and vinorelbine, yet worse to cisplatin and gefitinib. Furthermore, the gene ECH1 was selected for further analysis. Conclusions Our study identified a prognosis signature that could effectively indicates patients survival. Meanwhile, our study can provide the direction for future studies focused on the PPARs in OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Leng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Gao-Fa Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Kang-Kang Zeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yi-Qun Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 251, Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
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156
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Increasing Stress to Induce Apoptosis in Pancreatic Cancer via the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010577. [PMID: 36614019 PMCID: PMC9820188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
High rates of cell proliferation and protein synthesis in pancreatic cancer are among many factors leading to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. To restore cellular homeostasis, the unfolded protein response (UPR) activates as an adaptive mechanism through either the IRE1α, PERK, or ATF6 pathways to reduce the translational load and process unfolded proteins, thus enabling tumor cells to proliferate. Under severe and prolonged ER stress, however, the UPR may promote adaptation, senescence, or apoptosis under these same pathways if homeostasis is not restored. In this review, we present evidence that high levels of ER stress and UPR activation are present in pancreatic cancer. We detail the mechanisms by which compounds activate one or many of the three arms of the UPR and effectuate downstream apoptosis and examine available data on the pre-clinical and clinical-phase ER stress inducers with the potential for anti-tumor efficacy in pancreatic cancer. Finally, we hypothesize a potential new approach to targeting pancreatic cancer by increasing levels of ER stress and UPR activation to incite apoptotic cell death.
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157
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Characterization of Hyaluronic Acid-Coated PLGA Nanoparticles by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010601. [PMID: 36614044 PMCID: PMC9820697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) coated with hyaluronic acid (HA) seem to be increasingly promising for targeted therapy due to HA chemical versatility, which allows them to bind drugs of different natures, and their affinity with the transmembrane receptor CD-44, overexpressed in tumor cells. However, an essential aspect for clinical use of NPs is formulation stability over time. For these reasons, analytical techniques capable of characterizing their physico-chemical properties are needed. In this work, poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) NPs with an average diameter of 100-150 nm, coated with a few 10 s of nm of HA, were synthesized. For stability characterization, two complementary investigative techniques were used: Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. The first technique provided information on size, polidispersity index, and zeta-potential, and the second provided a deeper insight on the NP surface chemicals, allowing distinguishing of HA-coated NPs from uncoated ones. Furthermore, in order to estimate formulation stability over time, NPs were measured and monitored for two weeks. SERS results showed a progressive decrease in the signal associated with HA, which, however, is not detectable by the DLS measurements.
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158
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Husanie H, Abu-Remaileh M, Maroun K, Abu-Tair L, Safadi H, Atlan K, Golan T, Aqeilan RI. Loss of tumor suppressor WWOX accelerates pancreatic cancer development through promotion of TGFβ/BMP2 signaling. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:1074. [PMID: 36572673 PMCID: PMC9792466 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05519-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal cancers, owing to its late diagnosis and resistance to chemotherapy. The tumor suppressor WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX), one of the most active fragile sites in the human genome (FRA16D), is commonly altered in pancreatic cancer. However, the direct contribution of WWOX loss to pancreatic cancer development and progression remains largely unknown. Here, we report that combined conditional deletion of Wwox and activation of KRasG12D in Ptf1a-CreER-expressing mice results in accelerated formation of precursor lesions and pancreatic carcinoma. At the molecular level, we found that WWOX physically interacts with SMAD3 and BMP2, which are known activators of the TGF-β signaling pathway. In the absence of WWOX, TGFβ/BMPs signaling was enhanced, leading to increased macrophage infiltration and enhanced cancer stemness. Finally, overexpression of WWOX in patient-derived xenografts led to diminished aggressiveness both in vitro and in vivo. Overall, our findings reveal an essential role of WWOX in pancreatic cancer development and progression and underscore its role as a bona fide tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam Husanie
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538The Concern Foundation Laboratories, The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research-IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Muhannad Abu-Remaileh
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538The Concern Foundation Laboratories, The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research-IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Kian Maroun
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538The Concern Foundation Laboratories, The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research-IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lina Abu-Tair
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538The Concern Foundation Laboratories, The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research-IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hazem Safadi
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538The Concern Foundation Laboratories, The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research-IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Karine Atlan
- grid.17788.310000 0001 2221 2926Department of Pathology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Talia Golan
- grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546Oncology Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rami I. Aqeilan
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538The Concern Foundation Laboratories, The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research-IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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159
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Identification of an Immune-Related Gene Signature Associated with Prognosis and Tumor Microenvironment in Esophageal Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7413535. [PMID: 36588538 PMCID: PMC9803573 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7413535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Esophageal cancer (EC) is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system with high mortality and morbidity. Current evidence suggests that immune cells and molecules regulate the initiation and progression of EC. Accordingly, it is necessary to identify immune-related genes (IRGs) affecting the biological behaviors and microenvironmental characteristics of EC. Methods Bioinformatics methods, including differential expression analysis, Cox regression, and immune infiltration prediction, were conducted using R software to analyze the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort was used to validate the prognostic signature. Patients were stratified into high- and low-risk groups for further analyses, including functional enrichment, immune infiltration, checkpoint relevance, clinicopathological characteristics, and therapeutic sensitivity analyses. Results A prognostic signature was established based on 21 IRGs (S100A7, S100A7A, LCN1, CR2, STAT4, GAST, ANGPTL5, TRAV39, F2RL2, PGLYRP3, KLRD1, TRIM36, PDGFA, SLPI, PCSK2, APLN, TICAM1, ITPR3, MAPK9, GATA4, and PLAU). Compared with high-risk patients, better overall survival rates and clinicopathological characteristics were found in low-risk patients. The areas under the curve of the two cohorts were 0.885 and 0.718, respectively. Higher proportions of resting CD4+ memory T lymphocytes, M2 macrophages, and resting dendritic cells and lower proportions of follicular helper T lymphocytes, plasma cells, and neutrophils were found in the high-risk tumors. Moreover, the high-risk group showed higher expression of CD44 and TNFSF4, lower expression of PDCD1 and CD40, and higher TIDE scores, suggesting they may respond poorly to immunotherapy. High-risk patients responded better to chemotherapeutic agents such as docetaxel, doxorubicin, and gemcitabine. Furthermore, IRGs associated with tumor progression, including PDGFA, ITPR3, SLPI, TICAM1, and GATA4, were identified. Conclusion Our immune-related signature yielded reliable value in evaluating the prognosis, microenvironmental characteristics, and therapeutic sensitivity of EC and may help with the precise treatment of this patient population.
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Mauro-Lizcano M, Sotgia F, Lisanti MP. SOX2-high cancer cells exhibit an aggressive phenotype, with increases in stemness, proliferation and invasion, as well as higher metabolic activity and ATP production. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:9877-9889. [PMID: 36566021 PMCID: PMC9831729 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for cancer recurrence, treatment failure and metastatic dissemination. As such, the elimination of CSCs represents one of the most important approaches for the future of cancer treatment. Among other properties, CSCs show the activation of particular cell signalling pathways and the over-expression of certain transcription factors, such as SOX2. Herein, we describe a new model system to isolate stem-like cancer cells, based on the functional transcriptional activity of SOX2. Briefly, we employed a SOX2-enhancer-GFP-reporter system to isolate cancer cells with high SOX2 transcriptional activity by FACS sorting. The over-expression of SOX2 in this sub-population was validated by Western blot analysis and flow cytometry. SOX2-high cancer cells showed CSCs features, such as greater mammosphere forming ability, validating that this sub-population was enriched in CSCs. To further explore the model, we analysed other stemness characteristics in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines, corroborating that SOX2-high cells were more metabolically active, proliferative, migratory, invasive, and drug-resistant. SOX2-high MDA-MB-231 cells also showed a loss of E-cadherin expression, and increased Vimentin expression, consistent with an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Therefore, endogenous SOX2 transcriptional activity and protein levels are mechanistically linked to aggressive phenotypic behaviours and energy production in CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Mauro-Lizcano
- Translational Medicine, School of Science, Engineering and Environment (SEE), University of Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Federica Sotgia
- Translational Medicine, School of Science, Engineering and Environment (SEE), University of Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P. Lisanti
- Translational Medicine, School of Science, Engineering and Environment (SEE), University of Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
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161
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[Advances in the Study of Tissue-resident Memory T Cells in Lung Cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2022; 25:862-869. [PMID: 36617472 PMCID: PMC9845087 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2022.102.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been widely used in the treatment of lung cancer, but the benefit population is limited and there is a lack of effective predictive markers of efficacy. Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) reside in tissues and exert anti-tumor effects by expressing the integrins CD103, CD49a or C-type lectin CD69 and immune checkpoint receptors. TRM expressing programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) is enriched with transcriptional products associated with cytotoxicity and enhances T cell (antigen) receptor (TCR)-mediated cytotoxicity. TRM is a promising biomarker for predicting the efficacy and prognosis of immunotherapy in lung cancer patients. This review will describe the progress of TRM research in lung cancer.
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USPs in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Comprehensive Bioinformatic Analysis of Expression, Prognostic Significance, and Immune Infiltration. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:6109052. [PMID: 36582601 PMCID: PMC9794441 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6109052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), as an intractable malignancy, still causes an extremely high mortality worldwide. The ubiquitin-specific protease (USP) family constitutes the major part of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) which has been reported to be involved in initiation and progression of various malignancies via the function of deubiquitination. However, the biological function and clinical values of USPs in PDAC have not been comprehensively elucidated. In this study, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets, UALCAN database, and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) online tool were used to analyze the expression level and the relationship between USP expression and clinicopathological features in PDAC. Survival module of HPA and Kaplan-Meier plotter (KMP) databases was recruited to explore the prognostic value of USPs. Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) online tool and KMP databases were utilized to elucidate tumor immune infiltration and immune-related survival of USPs. CBioPortal online tool was used to identify the gene mutation level of USPs in PDAC. Both cBioPortal and LinkedOmics were used to confirm the potential biological functions of USPs in PDAC. Our study showed that USP10, USP14, USP18, USP32, USP33, and USP39 (termed as six-USPs) expressions were significantly elevated in tumor tissues. The high expression of the four USPs (USP10, USP14, USP18, and USP39) indicated a poor prognosis. A significant relationship was indicated between the expression of six-USPs and clinicopathological features. Also, the expression of six-USPs was related to promoter methylation level. Moreover, more than 40% genetic alterations and mutations were discovered in six-USPs. Furthermore, the six-USP expression was correlated with immune infiltration and immune-related prognosis. The functional analysis found that the six-USPs were involved in various biological processes and signaling pathways, such as nucleocytoplasmic transport, choline metabolism in cancer, cell cycle, ErbB signaling pathway, RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, TGF-β signaling pathway, and TNF signaling pathway. In conclusion, the results showed that six-USPs are potential prognostic biomarkers and can be recruited as possible therapeutic targets of PDAC.
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163
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Current Update on Biomarkers for Detection of Cancer: Comprehensive Analysis. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122138. [PMID: 36560548 PMCID: PMC9787556 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Early and effective diagnosis of cancer is decisive for its proper management. In this context biomarker-based cancer diagnosis is budding as one of the promising ways for early detection, disease progression monitoring, and effective cancer therapy. Integration of Biosensing devices with different metallic/nonmetallic nanoparticles offers amplification and multiplexing capabilities for simultaneous detection of cancer biomarkers (CB's). This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the most recent designs and fabrication methodologies designed for developing electrochemical biosensors (EB) for early detection of cancers. The role of biomarkers in cancer therapeutics is also discussed.
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164
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ITGA2 induces STING expression in pancreatic cancer by inducing DNMT1 degradation. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 45:1421-1434. [PMID: 36331797 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00731-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Integrin alpha 2 (ITGA2, also known as CD49b or VLA-2) is the alpha subunit of a transmembrane receptor for collagens and related proteins. Previously, we found that ITGA2 may regulate immune cell infiltration in pancreatic cancer by inducing PD-L1 expression. As yet, however, whether ITGA2 regulates immune cell infiltration in pancreatic cancer by other mechanisms remains unclear. METHODS RNA sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed genes in ITGA2-silenced pancreatic cancer cells. Protein-protein interactions were detected via co-immunoprecipitation. The infiltration level of immune cells was assessed using an immunofluorescence staining assay. RESULTS We found that ITGA2 can activate the cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway and promote STING expression in pancreatic cancer cells. In addition, we found that ITGA2 induces DNMT1 degradation by disrupting the interaction between DNMT1 and Kindlin2 in pancreatic cancer cells. As a DNA methyltransferase, we found that DNMT1 overexpression induced by ITGA2 silencing significantly up-regulated the methylation level of the STING gene promoter. Finally, ITGA2 silencing combined with DNMT1 inhibitor treatment induced immune cell infiltration in pancreatic cancer. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that ITGA2 induces STING expression by interacting with DNMT1 and inducing the degradation of DNMT1. ITGA2 silencing combined with DNMT1 inhibitor treatment may be a novel therapeutic strategy for pancreatic cancer.
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165
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Ervin EH, French R, Chang CH, Pauklin S. Inside the stemness engine: Mechanistic links between deregulated transcription factors and stemness in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 87:48-83. [PMID: 36347438 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cell identity is largely determined by its transcriptional profile. In tumour, deregulation of transcription factor expression and/or activity enables cancer cell to acquire a stem-like state characterised by capacity to self-renew, differentiate and form tumours in vivo. These stem-like cancer cells are highly metastatic and therapy resistant, thus warranting a more complete understanding of the molecular mechanisms downstream of the transcription factors that mediate the establishment of stemness state. Here, we review recent research findings that provide a mechanistic link between the commonly deregulated transcription factors and stemness in cancer. In particular, we describe the role of master transcription factors (SOX, OCT4, NANOG, KLF, BRACHYURY, SALL, HOX, FOX and RUNX), signalling-regulated transcription factors (SMAD, β-catenin, YAP, TAZ, AP-1, NOTCH, STAT, GLI, ETS and NF-κB) and unclassified transcription factors (c-MYC, HIF, EMT transcription factors and P53) across diverse tumour types, thereby yielding a comprehensive overview identifying shared downstream targets, highlighting unique mechanisms and discussing complexities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egle-Helene Ervin
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Old Road, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LD, United Kingdom.
| | - Rhiannon French
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Old Road, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LD, United Kingdom.
| | - Chao-Hui Chang
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Old Road, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LD, United Kingdom.
| | - Siim Pauklin
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Old Road, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LD, United Kingdom.
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166
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Liu Y, He W, Guo Y, Qu S, Yao F, Liu J, Chai J, Yang Y, Xu T, Liu Y, Yang D, Jia Q, Li M. CSNK1D is associated with stemness and invasiveness in glioblastoma. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 240:154187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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167
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Engineered nanoparticles as emerging gene/drug delivery systems targeting the nuclear factor-κB protein and related signaling pathways in cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113932. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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168
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Park S, Mossmann D, Chen Q, Wang X, Dazert E, Colombi M, Schmidt A, Ryback B, Ng CKY, Terracciano LM, Heim MH, Hall MN. Transcription factors TEAD2 and E2A globally repress acetyl-CoA synthesis to promote tumorigenesis. Mol Cell 2022; 82:4246-4261.e11. [PMID: 36400009 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) plays an important role in metabolism, gene expression, signaling, and other cellular processes via transfer of its acetyl group to proteins and metabolites. However, the synthesis and usage of acetyl-CoA in disease states such as cancer are poorly characterized. Here, we investigated global acetyl-CoA synthesis and protein acetylation in a mouse model and patient samples of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Unexpectedly, we found that acetyl-CoA levels are decreased in HCC due to transcriptional downregulation of all six acetyl-CoA biosynthesis pathways. This led to hypo-acetylation specifically of non-histone proteins, including many enzymes in metabolic pathways. Importantly, repression of acetyl-CoA synthesis promoted oncogenic dedifferentiation and proliferation. Mechanistically, acetyl-CoA synthesis was repressed by the transcription factors TEAD2 and E2A, previously unknown to control acetyl-CoA synthesis. Knockdown of TEAD2 and E2A restored acetyl-CoA levels and inhibited tumor growth. Our findings causally link transcriptional reprogramming of acetyl-CoA metabolism, dedifferentiation, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Park
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Mossmann
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clarunis, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xueya Wang
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clarunis, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eva Dazert
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marco Colombi
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Brendan Ryback
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte K Y Ng
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Markus H Heim
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clarunis, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael N Hall
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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169
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Shi J, Guo C, Li Y, Ma J. The long noncoding RNA TINCR promotes self-renewal of human liver cancer stem cells through autophagy activation. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:961. [PMID: 36385098 PMCID: PMC9668904 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05424-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an extraordinarily heterogeneous tumor, which holds high recurrence and metastasis rates. Liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) have been considered to be important influencing factors of these pathological properties, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood in HCC. Considerable evidences have shown that autophagy has an important role in cancer stemness. However, it is still unknown whether a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) TINCR is involved in autophagy and self-renewal maintenance of HCC. In this study, TINCR was found to be highly expressed in HCC tissues and LCSCs. In vitro and in vivo assays for the first time showed that TINCR was required for LCSC self-renewal and tumorigenesis. Moreover, gene ontology analysis revealed the involvement of autophagy in the maintenance of TINCR-regulated stemness. Mechanically, TINCR was associated with polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1 (PTBP1) protein, which further promoted the transcription activity of autophagy related gene ATG5. In conclusion, we demonstrated that TINCR regulated LCSC self-renewal by autophagy activation through PTBP1/ATG5 regulatory pathway, offering a potential new target for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shi
- grid.459333.bAffiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001 Qinghai Province China ,grid.452252.60000 0004 8342 692XAffiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272029 Shandong China
| | - Cao Guo
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Institute of Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan China
| | - Yang Li
- grid.452252.60000 0004 8342 692XAffiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272029 Shandong China
| | - Junli Ma
- grid.452252.60000 0004 8342 692XAffiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272029 Shandong China
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170
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Molecular Biomarkers of Malignant Transformation in Head and Neck Dysplasia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225581. [PMID: 36428690 PMCID: PMC9688631 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and its treatments are associated with substantial morbidity, often resulting in cosmetic deformity and loss of physiologic functions including speech and swallowing. Despite advancements in treatment, 5-year survival rates for mucosal malignancies remain below 70%. Effective prevention of HNSCC demands an understanding of the molecular pathways of carcinogenesis. Specifically, defining features of pre-cancerous dysplastic lesions that indicate a better or worse prognosis is necessary to help identify patients who are likely to develop a carcinoma and allow a more aggressive approach to management. There remains a need for identification of biomarkers that can provide both early prognostic and predictive value in clinical decision-making by serving as both therapeutic targets as well as predictors of therapy response. Here, we comprehensively review the most frequently altered molecular biomarkers of malignant transformation in head and neck dysplasia. These markers are involved in a wide range of cellular processes in head and neck carcinogenesis, including extracellular matrix degradation, cell motility and invasion, cell-cell adhesion, solute transport, immortalization, metabolism, the cell cycle and apoptosis, transcription, and cell signaling.
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171
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Xiao M, Zhang X, Zhang D, Deng S, Zheng A, Du F, Shen J, Yue L, Yi T, Xiao Z, Zhao Y. Complex interaction and heterogeneity among cancer stem cells in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma revealed by single-cell sequencing. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1050951. [PMID: 36451812 PMCID: PMC9701714 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1050951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been characterized to be responsible for multidrug resistance, metastasis, recurrence, and immunosuppressive in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, the diversity of CSCs remains to be investigated. In this study, we aimed to determine the heterogeneity of CSCs and its effect on the formation of tumor microenvironment (TME). METHODS We depicted the landscape of HNSCC transcriptome profile by single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis of 20 HNSCC tissues from public databases, to reveal the Cell components, trajectory changes, signaling network, malignancy status and functional enrichment of CSCs within tumors. RESULTS Immune checkpoint molecules CD276, LILRB2, CD47 were significantly upregulated in CSCs, enabling host antitumor response to be weakened or damaged. Notably, naive CSCs were divided to 2 different types of cells with different functions, exhibiting functional diversity. In addition, CSCs underwent self-renewal and tumor metastasis activity through WNT and ncWNT signaling. Among them, Regulon regulators (IRF1_394g, IRF7_160g, NFKB1_12g, NFKB2_33g and STAT1_356g) were activated in subgroups 2 and 3, suggesting their pivotal roles in the inflammatory response process in tumors. Among all CSCs, naive CSCs appear to be the most malignant resulting in a worse prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals the major signal transduction and biological function of CSCs during HNSCC progression, highlighting the heterogeneity of CSCs and their underlying mechanisms in the formation of an immunosuppressive TME. Therefore, our study about heterogeneity of CSCs in HNSCC can bring new insights for the treatment of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mintao Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Duoli Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuai Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Anfu Zheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Yue
- School of Nursing, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Tao Yi
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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172
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Chen W, Wang R, Zhao Y, Li Y, Wang X, Peng W, Bai S, Zheng M, Liu M, Cheng B. CD44v6+ Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Maintain Stemness Properties through Met/cJun/Nanog Signaling. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:5853707. [PMID: 36387747 PMCID: PMC9663228 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5853707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are characterized by their self-renewal and differentiation abilities. CD44v6 is a novel CSC marker that can activate various signaling pathways. Here, we hypothesized that the HGF/Met signaling pathway promotes stemness properties in CD44v6+ hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells via overexpression of the transcription factor, cJun, thus representing a valuable target for HCC therapy. Magnetic activated cell sorting was used to separate the CD44v6+ from CD44v6- cells, and Met levels were regulated using lentiviral particles and the selective Met inhibitor, PHA665752. An orthotopic liver xenograft tumor model was used to assess the self-renewal ability of CD44v6+ cells in immunodeficient NOD/SCID mice. Luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were also conducted using cJun-overexpressing 293 T cells to identify the exact binding site of cJun in the Nanog promoter. Our data demonstrate that CD44v6 is an ideal surface marker of liver CSCs. CD44v6+ HCC cells express higher levels of Met and possess self-renewal and tumor growth abilities. Xenograft liver tumors were smaller in nude mice injected with shMet HCC cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of liver tissue specimens revealed that high Met levels in HCC cells were associated with poor patient prognosis. Further, a cJun binding site was identified 1700 bp upstream of the Nanog transcription start site and mutation of the cJun binding site reduced Nanog expression. In conclusion, the HGF/Met signaling pathway is important for maintenance of stemness in CD44v6+ HCC cells by enhancing expression of cJun, which binds 1700 bp upstream of the Nanog transcription start site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China 430030
| | - Ronghua Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China 430030
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213
| | - Yuchong Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China 430030
| | - Yawen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China 430030
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China 563003
| | - Xiju Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China 430030
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyi Street No. 28, Guiyang, Guizhou, China 550000
| | - Wang Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China 430030
| | - Shuya Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China 430030
| | - Mengli Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China 430030
| | - Man Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China 430030
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taikang Tongji Wuhan Hospital, Wuhan, China 430050
| | - Bin Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China 430030
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173
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Yang F, Wei P, Yang M, Chen W, Zhao B, Li W, Wang J, Qiu L, Chen J. Redox-sensitive hyaluronic acid-ferrocene micelles delivering doxorubicin for enhanced tumor treatment by synergistic chemo/chemodynamic therepay. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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174
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Jang G, Oh J, Jun E, Lee J, Kwon JY, Kim J, Lee SH, Kim SC, Cho SY, Lee C. Direct cell-to-cell transfer in stressed tumor microenvironment aggravates tumorigenic or metastatic potential in pancreatic cancer. NPJ Genom Med 2022; 7:63. [PMID: 36302783 PMCID: PMC9613679 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-022-00333-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer exhibits a characteristic tumor microenvironment (TME) due to enhanced fibrosis and hypoxia and is particularly resistant to conventional chemotherapy. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying TME-associated treatment resistance in pancreatic cancer are not fully understood. Here, we developed an in vitro TME mimic system comprising pancreatic cancer cells, fibroblasts and immune cells, and a stress condition, including hypoxia and gemcitabine. Cells with high viability under stress showed evidence of increased direct cell-to-cell transfer of biomolecules. The resulting derivative cells (CD44high/SLC16A1high) were similar to cancer stem cell-like-cells (CSCs) with enhanced anchorage-independent growth or invasiveness and acquired metabolic reprogramming. Furthermore, CD24 was a determinant for transition between the tumorsphere formation or invasive properties. Pancreatic cancer patients with CD44low/SLC16A1low expression exhibited better prognoses compared to other groups. Our results suggest that crosstalk via direct cell-to-cell transfer of cellular components foster chemotherapy-induced tumor evolution and that targeting of CD44 and MCT1(encoded by SLC16A1) may be useful strategy to prevent recurrence of gemcitabine-exposed pancreatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giyong Jang
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.,Ewha-JAX Cancer Immunotherapy Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.,Medical Research Center, Genomic Medicine Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeik Oh
- Department of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsung Jun
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.,Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.,Ewha-JAX Cancer Immunotherapy Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.,Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Young Kwon
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.,Ewha-JAX Cancer Immunotherapy Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.,The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | - Jaesang Kim
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.,Ewha-JAX Cancer Immunotherapy Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.,Ewha-JAX Cancer Immunotherapy Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bio-Information Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Cheol Kim
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.,Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Yup Cho
- Medical Research Center, Genomic Medicine Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Charles Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea. .,Ewha-JAX Cancer Immunotherapy Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea. .,The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA.
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175
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Losurdo P, de Manzini N, Palmisano S, Grassi M, Parisi S, Rizzolio F, Tierno D, Biasin A, Grassi C, Truong NH, Grassi G. Potential Application of Small Interfering RNA in Gastro-Intestinal Tumors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1295. [PMID: 36297407 PMCID: PMC9612316 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the progress made in the diagnoses and therapy of gastrointestinal cancers, these diseases are still plagued by a high mortality. Thus, novel therapeutic approaches are urgently required. In this regard, small interfering RNA (siRNA), double-stranded RNA molecules able to specifically target the mRNA of pathological genes, have the potential to be of therapeutic value. To be effective in the human body, siRNAs need to be protected against degradation. Additionally, they need to target the tumor, leaving the normal tissue untouched in an effort to preserve organ function. To accomplish these tasks, siRNAs have been formulated with smart delivery systems such has polymers and lipids. While siRNA protection is not particularly difficult to achieve, their targeting of tumor cells remains problematic. Here, after introducing the general features of gastrointestinal cancers, we describe siRNA characteristics together with representative delivery systems developed for gastrointestinal cancers. Afterward, we present a selection of research papers employing siRNAs against upper- and lower- gastrointestinal cancers. For the liver, we also consider papers using siRNAs to combat liver cirrhosis, a relevant risk factor for liver cancer development. Finally, we present a brief description of clinical trials employing siRNAs for gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Losurdo
- Surgical Clinic Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicolò de Manzini
- Surgical Clinic Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvia Palmisano
- Surgical Clinic Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Mario Grassi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, Trieste University, Via Valerio 6, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Salvatore Parisi
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Pordenone, 33081 Aviano, Italy
- Doctoral School in Molecular Biomedicine, University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Pordenone, 33081 Aviano, Italy
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, 30123 Venezia, Italy
| | - Domenico Tierno
- Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alice Biasin
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, Trieste University, Via Valerio 6, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Chiara Grassi
- Degree Course in Medicine, University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - Nhung Hai Truong
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, VNUHCM—University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, VNUHCM—University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Gabriele Grassi
- Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
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176
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Basak D, Gregori L, Johora F, Deb S. Preclinical and Clinical Research Models of Prostate Cancer: A Brief Overview. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12101607. [PMID: 36295041 PMCID: PMC9605520 DOI: 10.3390/life12101607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The incidence and mortality from prostate cancer (PCa) are on the rise which poses a major public health concern worldwide. In this narrative review, we have summarized the characteristics of major in vitro and in vivo PCa models including their utility in developing treatment strategies. Androgens, particularly, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) activate the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway that facilitates the development and progression of castration resistant PCa. Several enzymes namely, CYP17A1, HSD17B, and SRD5A are essential to furnishing DHT from dehydroepiandrosterone in the classical pathway while DHT is formed from androstanediol in the backdoor pathway. The advancement in delineating the molecular heterogeneity of PCa has been possible through the development of several in vitro and in vivo research models. Generally, tissue culture models are advantageous to understand PCa biology and investigate the efficacy and toxicity of novel agents; nevertheless, animal models are indispensable to studying the PCa etiology and treatment since they can simulate the tumor microenvironment that plays a central role in initiation and progression of the disease. Moreover, the availability of several genetically engineered mouse models has made it possible to study the metastasis process. However, the conventional models are not devoid of limitations. For example, the lack of heterogeneity in tissue culture models and the variation of metastatic characteristics in xenograft models are obviously challenging. Additionally, due to the racial and ethnic disparities in PCa pathophysiology, a new model that can represent PCa encompassing different ethnicities is urgently needed. New models should continue to evolve to address the genetic and molecular complexities as well as to further elucidate the finer details of the steroidogenic pathway associated with PCa.
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177
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Lavorgna TR, Hussein M, Issa PP, Toraih E, Kandil E. Ultraviolet Light Exposure Decreases Thyroid Cancer Risk: A National Perspective. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102452. [PMID: 36289713 PMCID: PMC9598664 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) light has been reported to have both pro-oncogenic and anti-oncogenic effects. Since patient pigmentation can influence the role of UV light exposure, we thought to investigate the recent trends in thyroid cancer incidence and survival with an emphasis on patient race and UV exposure. Patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were identified. A total of 284,178 patients were enrolled. Data were stratified according to population sex, race, and state. UV exposure data in Watt-Hours Per Square Meter for the state were obtained from the National Cancer Institute Cancer Atlas. Thyroid cancer incidence rate varied by race, ranging from 14.9 cases per 100,000 in Asian or Pacific Islanders and 14.7 per 100,000 in Caucasians, to 8.7 per 100,000 in African American and 8.0 per 100,000 in Native Americans. UV exposure was negatively correlated with thyroid cancer incidence when analyzed across all populations (r = −0.299, p = 0.035). UV exposure was most steeply negatively correlated with thyroid cancer rates in Black populations (r = −0.56, p < 0.001). Despite this, Black men had the worst 5-year survival rate when compared to other ethnic populations. Overall, UV exposure does not increase the risk of thyroid cancer and may serve as a protective factor in the development of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Hussein
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Peter P. Issa
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Eman Toraih
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Genetics Unit, Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-504-988-2301; Fax: +1-504-988-4762
| | - Emad Kandil
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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178
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Wang J, Yang B, Lv C, Chen T, Sun L, Sun L, Hao J, Ding F, Wang T, Jiang J, Qin Y. Amino porphyrin-peptide assemblies induce ribosome damage and cancer stem cell inhibition for an enhanced photodynamic therapy. Biomaterials 2022; 289:121812. [PMID: 36152516 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the subpopulation of tumor cells with the properties of tumorigenesis, multilineage differentiation potential and self-renewal, which is the driving force of tumor recurrence and metastasis. However, targeting CSCs is still the main challenge in cancer therapy due to their rapid growth and fast mutation rate. Herein, we developed a simple strategy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) targeting CSCs, dependent on much more abundant ribosomes in CSCs. The interactions between positively charged nanoparticles with negatively charged nucleic acids architectures in cancer cells could lead ribosomes targeting as well as CSCs targeting. The co-assembly of simple amino porphyrin (m-TAPP) with short peptide (Fmoc-L3-OMe) formed nanoparticles (NPs) with good biocompatibility and photoactivity, became positively charged due to low pH value of tumour microenvironment, and efficiently accessed cancer cell ribosome, approached cancer cell nuclei, therefore enriched in the fast-amplifying CSCs. The inhibitive effect on CSCs by m-TAPP assemblies was verified by the significant reduction of CSCs markers CD44, CD133 and ribosome amount in cancer cells and tissues. Upon light irradiation, the NPs induced ROS generation to provoke destructive cancer cell ribosome damage and subsequent apoptosis to prevent tumor growth markedly. Based on the assemblies of small organic molecules, our study not only achieves ribosome degradation induced cancer cells apoptosis, but also indicates new possibility of performing CSCs targeting PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Baochan Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chaofan Lv
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Tiancheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lixin Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Junfeng Hao
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Fang Ding
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Jianzhuang Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yan Qin
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
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179
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DiNatale A, Castelli MS, Nash B, Meucci O, Fatatis A. Regulation of Tumor and Metastasis Initiation by Chemokine Receptors. J Cancer 2022; 13:3160-3176. [PMID: 36118530 PMCID: PMC9475358 DOI: 10.7150/jca.72331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-initiating cells (TICs) are a rare sub-population of cells within the bulk of a tumor that are major contributors to tumor initiation, metastasis, and chemoresistance. TICs have a stem-cell-like phenotype that is dictated by the expression of master regulator transcription factors, including OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2. These transcription factors are expressed via activation of multiple signaling pathways that drive cancer initiation and progression. Importantly, these same signaling pathways can be activated by select chemokine receptors. Chemokine receptors are increasingly being revealed as major drivers of the TIC phenotype, as their signaling can lead to activation of stemness-controlling transcription factors. Additionally, the cell surface expression of chemokine receptors provides a unique therapeutic target to disrupt signaling pathways that control the expression of master regulator transcription factors and the TIC phenotype. This review summarizes the master regulator transcription factors known to dictate the TIC phenotype, along with the complex signaling pathways that can mediate their expression and the chemokine receptors that are most upstream of this phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony DiNatale
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.,Present Address: Janssen Oncology, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Maria Sofia Castelli
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.,Present address: Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bradley Nash
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Olimpia Meucci
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.,Program in Immune Cell Regulation & Targeting, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Alessandro Fatatis
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.,Program in Translational and Cellular Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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180
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Grandi F, Miot HA, Rocha RM, Gomes CMS, Queiroz‐Hazarbassanov N, Montoya‐Florez LM, Cogliati B, Rocha NS. Immunophenotypic and molecular profile of cancer stem‐cell markers in ex vivo canine transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT). Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:2297-2306. [DOI: 10.1002/vms3.828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Grandi
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP Botucatu São Paulo Brazil
| | - Hélio Amante Miot
- Department of Dermatology and Radiotherapy Botucatu Medical School Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP Botucatu São Paulo Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Bruno Cogliati
- Department of Pathology School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science University of Sao Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Noeme Sousa Rocha
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP Botucatu São Paulo Brazil
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181
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Composition, Biogenesis, and Role of Exosomes in Tumor Development. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:8392509. [PMID: 36117723 PMCID: PMC9481374 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8392509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of exosomes and their mechanism of action at the tumor site have received increasing attention. These microvesicles are produced by a wide range of cells including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and immune cells. In particular, tumor cells release remarkable amounts of exosomes which spread to distant organs through the blood and enhance the possibility of tumor metastasis. In spite of results on tumor promoting properties, there are reports demonstrating the tumor inhibiting effects of exosomes depending on the type of the tumor and cell source. This review aims to have a comprehensive appraisal on the biogenesis, composition, and isolation of exosomes and then highlights the current knowledge of their role in cancer progression or inhibition by special focusing on MSC's exosomes (MSC-EXOs).
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182
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Huang J, Li Y, Zheng M, He H, Xu D, Tian D. RNF126 contributes to stem cell-like properties and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma through ubiquitination and degradation of LKB1. Hum Cell 2022; 35:1869-1884. [PMID: 36068398 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00782-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the malignant tumors with the worst prognosis, and tumor recurrence and metastasis are the main factors leading to poor prognosis of HCC patients. Accumulating studies show that RNF126, ring finger protein 126, is involved in the pathological process of many tumors. However, the biological function and exact molecular mechanism of RNF126 in HCC remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of RNF126 in the pathogenesis of HCC. By analyzing database and verifying with our clinical specimens, it was found that RNF126 was highly expressed in HCC tissues, which is associated with shorter overall survival and higher recurrence rate. Overexpressed RNF126 can significantly promote the proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis of HCC cells, whereas knockdown RNF126 can reverse this effect. Mechanically, RNF126 down-regulates liver kinase B1 (LKB1) expression by ubiquitination of LKB1 to weaken its stability, thereby significantly promoting stem-cell-like activity, migration, and angiogenesis of HCC. Notably, consistent with in vitro results, RNF126 was stably transformed in Hep3B and subcutaneously injected into nude mice. In established mouse xenograft models, tumor growth can be effectively inhibited and the occurrence of lung metastasis is reduced. In HCC, RNF126 may down-regulate LKB1 through ubiquitination, thus becoming a powerful prognostic biomarker and a recognized tumor suppressor. Therefore, our study may provide a promising new therapeutic strategy for targeting RNF126 for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 374 Dianmian Avenue, Kunming, 650102, Yunnan, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 374 Dianmian Avenue, Kunming, 650102, Yunnan, China
| | - Mengyao Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 374 Dianmian Avenue, Kunming, 650102, Yunnan, China
| | - Haiyu He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 374 Dianmian Avenue, Kunming, 650102, Yunnan, China
| | - Dingwei Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 374 Dianmian Avenue, Kunming, 650102, Yunnan, China
| | - Daguang Tian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 374 Dianmian Avenue, Kunming, 650102, Yunnan, China
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183
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Chen W, Wang H, Lu Y, Huang Y, Xuan Y, Li X, Guo T, Wang C, Lai D, Wu S, Zhao W, Mai H, Li H, Wang B, Ma X, Zhang X. GTSE1 promotes tumor growth and metastasis by attenuating of KLF4 expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Transl Med 2022; 102:1011-1022. [PMID: 36775416 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-022-00797-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors and is characterized by a poor prognosis. Although G2- and S -phase expressed-1 (GTSE1) is known to be involved in the progression and metastasis of various cancers, its significance and mechanism in ccRCC remain unknown. In the present study, we found that GTSE1 was overexpressed in ccRCC tissues, especially in metastatic samples. Moreover, high GTSE1 expression was positively correlated with higher pT stage, tumor size, clinical stage, and WHO/ISUP grade and worse prognosis. And GTSE1 expression served as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS). In addition, GTSE1 knockdown inhibited ccRCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and enhanced cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. GTSE1 was crucial for epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in ccRCC. Mechanistically, GTSE1 depletion could upregulate the expression of Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), which acts as a tumor suppressor in ccRCC. Downregulation of KLF4 effectively rescued the inhibitory effect induced by GTSE1 knockdown and reversed the EMT process. Overall, our results revealed that GTSE1 served as an oncogene regulating EMT through KLF4 in ccRCC, and that GTSE1 could also serve as a novel prognostic biomarker and may represent a promising therapeutic target for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Chen
- Department of Urology, the Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Hanfeng Wang
- Department of Urology, the Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yongliang Lu
- Department of Urology, the Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Urology, the Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yundong Xuan
- Department of Urology, the Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xiubin Li
- Department of Urology, the Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of Paediatrics, the Seventh Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Chenfeng Wang
- Department of Urology, the Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Dong Lai
- Department of Urology, the Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Shengpan Wu
- Department of Urology, the Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Wenlei Zhao
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Haixing Mai
- Department of Urology, the Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Hongzhao Li
- Department of Urology, the Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Baojun Wang
- Department of Urology, the Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Urology, the Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Urology, the Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
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184
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Aberrant transcription factors in the cancers of the pancreas. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:28-45. [PMID: 36058426 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are essential for proper activation of gene set during the process of organogenesis, differentiation, lineage specificity. Reactivation or dysregulation of TFs regulatory networks could lead to deformation of organs, diseases including various malignancies. Currently, understanding the mechanism of oncogenesis became necessity for the development of targeted therapeutic strategy for different cancer types. It is evident that many TFs go awry in cancers of the pancreas such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs). These mutated or dysregulated TFs abnormally controls various signaling pathways in PDAC and PanNENs including RTK, PI3K-PTEN-AKT-mTOR, JNK, TGF-β/SMAD, WNT/β-catenin, SHH, NOTCH and VEGF which in turn regulate different hallmarks of cancer. Aberrant regulation of such pathways have been linked to the initiation, progression, metastasis, and resistance in pancreatic cancer. As of today, a number of TFs has been identified as crucial regulators of pancreatic cancer and a handful of them shown to have potential as therapeutic targets in pre-clinical and clinical settings. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge on the role and therapeutic usefulness of TFs in PDAC and PanNENs.
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185
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Nguyen A, Kim AH, Kang MK, Park NH, Kim RH, Kim Y, Shin KH. Chronic Alcohol Exposure Promotes Cancer Stemness and Glycolysis in Oral/Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines by Activating NFAT Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179779. [PMID: 36077186 PMCID: PMC9456298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is associated with an increased risk of several cancers, including oral/oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Alcohol also enhances the progression and aggressiveness of existing cancers; however, its underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Especially, the local carcinogenic effects of alcohol on OSCC in closest contact with ingestion of alcohol are poorly understood. We demonstrated that chronic ethanol exposure to OSCC increased cancer stem cell (CSC) populations and their stemness features, including self-renewal capacity, expression of stem cell markers, ALDH activity, and migration ability. The ethanol exposure also led to a significant increase in aerobic glycolysis. Moreover, increased aerobic glycolytic activity was required to support the stemness phenotype of ethanol-exposed OSCC, suggesting a molecular coupling between cancer stemness and metabolic reprogramming. We further demonstrated that chronic ethanol exposure activated NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) signaling in OSCC. Functional studies revealed that pharmacological and genetic inhibition of NFAT suppressed CSC phenotype and aerobic glycolysis in ethanol-exposed OSCC. Collectively, chronic ethanol exposure promotes cancer stemness and aerobic glycolysis via activation of NFAT signaling. Our study provides a novel insight into the roles of cancer stemness and metabolic reprogramming in the molecular mechanism of alcohol-mediated carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Nguyen
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Anna H. Kim
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mo K. Kang
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - No-Hee Park
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Reuben H. Kim
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yong Kim
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Cancer Epigenetics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA Broad Stem Cell Research Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.K.); (K.-H.S.)
| | - Ki-Hyuk Shin
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.K.); (K.-H.S.)
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186
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Hu JL, Yierfulati G, Wang LL, Yang BY, Lv QY, Chen XJ. Identification of potential models for predicting progestin insensitivity in patients with endometrial atypical hyperplasia and endometrioid endometrial cancer based on ATAC-Seq and RNA-Seq integrated analysis. Front Genet 2022; 13:952083. [PMID: 36092919 PMCID: PMC9459090 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.952083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to establish predictive models based on the molecular profiles of endometrial lesions, which might help identify progestin-insensitive endometrial atypical hyperplasia (EAH) or endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC) patients before progestin-based fertility-preserving treatment initiation. Methods: Endometrial lesions from progestin-sensitive (PS, n = 7) and progestin-insensitive (PIS, n = 7) patients were prospectively collected before progestin treatment and then analyzed by ATAC-Seq and RNA-Seq. Potential chromatin accessibility and expression profiles were compared between the PS and PIS groups. Candidate genes were identified by bioinformatics analyses and literature review. Then expanded samples (n = 35) were used for validating bioinformatics data and conducting model establishment. Results: ATAC-Seq and RNA-Seq data were separately analyzed and then integrated for the subsequent research. A total of 230 overlapping differentially expressed genes were acquired from ATAC-Seq and RNA-Seq integrated analysis. Further, based on GO analysis, REACTOME pathways, transcription factor prediction, motif enrichment, Cytoscape analysis and literature review, 25 candidate genes potentially associated with progestin insensitivity were identified. Finally, expanded samples were used for data verification, and based on these data, three predictive models comprising 9 genes (FOXO1, IRS2, PDGFC, DIO2, SOX9, BCL11A, APOE, FYN, and KLF4) were established with an overall predictive accuracy above 90%. Conclusion: This study provided potential predictive models that might help identify progestin-insensitive EAH and EEC patients before fertility-preserving treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Li Hu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Gulinazi Yierfulati
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu-Lu Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing-Yi Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiao-Ying Lv
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Qiao-Ying Lv, ; Xiao-Jun Chen,
| | - Xiao-Jun Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Qiao-Ying Lv, ; Xiao-Jun Chen,
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187
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Haldavnekar R, Venkatakrishnan K, Tan B. Cancer Stem Cell Derived Extracellular Vesicles with Self-Functionalized 3D Nanosensor for Real-Time Cancer Diagnosis: Eliminating the Roadblocks in Liquid Biopsy. ACS NANO 2022; 16:12226-12243. [PMID: 35968931 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy for determining the presence of cancer and the underlying tissue of origin is crucial to overcome the limitations of existing tissue biopsy and imaging-based techniques by capturing critical information from the dynamic tumor heterogeneity. A newly emerging liquid biopsy with extracellular vesicles (EVs) is gaining momentum, but its clinical relevance is in question due to the biological and technical challenges posed by existing technologies. The biological barriers of existing technologies include the inability to generate fundamental details of molecular structure, chemical composition as well as functional variations in EVs by gathering simultaneous information on multiple intra-EV molecules, unavailability of holistic qualitative analysis, in addition to the inability to identify tissue of origin. Technological barriers include reliance on EV isolation with a few labeled biomarkers, resulting in the inability to generate comprehensive information on the disease. A more favorable approach would be to generate holistic information on the disease without the use of labels. Such a marker-free diagnosis is impossible with the existing liquid biopsy due to the unavailability clinically validated cancer stem cells (CSC)-specific markers and dependence of existing technologies on EV isolation, undermining the clinical relevance of EV-based liquid biopsy. Here, CSC EVs were employed as an independent liquid biopsy modality. We hypothesize that tracking the signals of CSCs in peripheral blood with CSC EVs will provide a reliable solution for accurate cancer diagnosis, as CSC are the originators of tumor contributing to tumor heterogeneity. We report nanoengineered 3D sensors of extremely small nano-scaled probes self-functionalized for SERS, enabling integrative molecular and functional profiling of otherwise undetectable CSC EVs. A substantially enhanced SERS and ultralow limit of detection (10 EVs per 10 μL) were achieved. This was attributed to the efficient probe-EV interaction due to the 3D networks of nanoprobes, ensuring simultaneous detection of multiple EV signals. We experimentally demonstrate the crucial role of CSC EVs in cancer diagnosis. We then completed a pilot validation of this modality for cancer detection as well as for identification of the tissue of origin. An artificial neural network distinguished cancer from noncancer with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity for three hard to detect cancers (breast, lung, and colorectal cancer). Binary classification to distinguish one tissue of origin against all other achieved 100% accuracy, while simultaneous identification of all three tissues of origin with multiclass classification achieved up to 79% accuracy. This noninvasive tool may complement existing cancer diagnostics, treatment monitoring as well as longitudinal disease monitoring by validation with a large cohort of clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupa Haldavnekar
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (I BEST), Partnership between Ryerson University and St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
- Ultrashort Laser Nanomanufacturing Research Facility, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
- Nanocharacterization Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
- Nano-Bio Interface Facility, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Krishnan Venkatakrishnan
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
- Ultrashort Laser Nanomanufacturing Research Facility, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
- Nanocharacterization Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
- Nano-Bio Interface Facility, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Bo Tan
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
- Nanocharacterization Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
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Reddy I, Yadav Y, Dey CS. Cellular and Molecular Regulation of Exercise—A Neuronal Perspective. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022; 43:1551-1571. [PMID: 35986789 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01272-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of exercise on the proper functioning of the body have been firmly established. Multi-systemic metabolic regulation of exercise is the consequence of multitudinous changes that occur at the cellular level. The exercise responsome comprises all molecular entities including exerkines, miRNA species, growth factors, signaling proteins that are elevated and activated by physical exercise. Exerkines are secretory molecules released by organs such as skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, liver, and gut as a function of acute/chronic exercise. Exerkines such as FNDC5/irisin, Cathepsin B, Adiponectin, and IL-6 circulate through the bloodstream, cross the blood-brain barrier, and modulate the expression of important signaling molecules such as AMPK, SIRT1, PGC1α, BDNF, IGF-1, and VEGF which further contribute to improved energy metabolism, glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and overall well-being of the body and brain. These molecules are also responsible for neuroprotective adaptations that exercise confers on the brain and potentially ameliorate neurodegeneration. This review aims to detail important cellular and molecular species that directly or indirectly mediate exercise-induced benefits in the body, with an emphasis on the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishitha Reddy
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Yamini Yadav
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Chinmoy Sankar Dey
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India.
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189
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Przybycień P, Gąsior-Perczak D, Placha W. Cannabinoids and PPAR Ligands: The Future in Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Women with Obesity and Reduced Fertility. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162569. [PMID: 36010645 PMCID: PMC9406585 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids (CBs) are used to treat chronic pain, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and multiple sclerosis spasticity. Recently, the medicinal use of CBs has attracted increasing interest as a new therapeutic in many diseases. Data indicate a correlation between CBs and PPARs via diverse mechanisms. Both the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) may play a significant role in PCOS and PCOS related disorders, especially in disturbances of glucose-lipid metabolism as well as in obesity and fertility. Taking into consideration the ubiquity of PCOS in the human population, it seems indispensable to search for new potential therapeutic targets for this condition. The aim of this review is to examine the relationship between metabolic disturbances and obesity in PCOS pathology. We discuss current and future therapeutic interventions for PCOS and related disorders, with emphasis on the metabolic pathways related to PCOS pathophysiology. The link between the ECS and PPARs is a promising new target for PCOS, and we examine this relationship in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Przybycień
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Krakow, Poland
- Endocrinology Clinic, Holycross Cancer Centre, 25-734 Kielce, Poland
| | - Danuta Gąsior-Perczak
- Endocrinology Clinic, Holycross Cancer Centre, 25-734 Kielce, Poland
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-317 Kielce, Poland
| | - Wojciech Placha
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-422-74-00
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190
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Pan YJ, Liu BW, Pei DS. The Role of Alternative Splicing in Cancer: Regulatory Mechanism, Therapeutic Strategy, and Bioinformatics Application. DNA Cell Biol 2022; 41:790-809. [PMID: 35947859 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2022.0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
[Formula: see text] Alternative splicing (AS) can generate distinct transcripts and subsequent isoforms that play differential functions from the same pre-mRNA. Recently, increasing numbers of studies have emerged, unmasking the association between AS and cancer. In this review, we arranged AS events that are closely related to cancer progression and presented promising treatments based on AS for cancer therapy. Obtaining proliferative capacity, acquiring invasive properties, gaining angiogenic features, shifting metabolic ability, and getting immune escape inclination are all splicing events involved in biological processes. Spliceosome-targeted and antisense oligonucleotide technologies are two novel strategies that are hopeful in tumor therapy. In addition, bioinformatics applications based on AS were summarized for better prediction and elucidation of regulatory routines mingled in. Together, we aimed to provide a better understanding of complicated AS events associated with cancer biology and reveal AS a promising target of cancer treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Jie Pan
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Bo-Wen Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Pei
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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191
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Huang W, Wen F, Gu P, Liu J, Xia Y, Li Y, Zhou J, Song S, Ruan S, Gu S, Chen X, Shu P. The inhibitory effect and mechanism of Yi-qi-hua-yu-jie-du decoction on the drug resistance of gastric cancer stem cells based on ABC transporters. Chin Med 2022; 17:93. [PMID: 35941687 PMCID: PMC9361523 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00647-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The drug resistance of tumor stem cells is an obstacle in gastric cancer (GC) treatment and the high expression of ABC transporters is a classic reason for drug resistance. This study aimed to construct a reliable GC drug-resistant stem cell model and explore the inhibitory effect and mechanism of Yi-qi-hua-yu-jie-du medicated serum (YQHY) on the drug resistance of GC stem cells based on ABC transporters. Methods The tumor stemness biomarker CD44 was primary identification from WGCNA. The magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) method was used to separate CD44( +)BGC823/5-Fu (BGC823/5–Fu-CSCs) cells and the stemness characteristics were verified from multiple dimensions. Then, the drug resistance index and expression of ABC transporter genes MDR1 and MRP1 were detected in CD44(−)/CD44(+) cells. The inhibition and apoptosis rates of the cells administrated with YQHY or/and 5-Fu were calculated to confirm that YQHY can suppress the drug resistance of BGC823/5-Fu-CSCs. Afterwards, the effects of YQHY on the expression of MDR1 and MRP1 and the activation of the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway were observed. Finally, under the administration of IGF-1 (the activator of PI3K/Akt pathway) and Nrf2 siRNA, the mechanism of YQHY on reversing the drug resistance of BGC823/5–Fu-CSCs through inhibiting the expression of MDR1 and MRP1 via PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 was verified. Results CD44 was a reliable GC stemness biomarker and can be applied to construct the drug-resistant GC stem cell model CD44(+)BGC823/5-Fu. The growth rate, cell proliferation index, soft agar colony formation, expression of stemness specific genes and tumorigenesis ability of CD44(+)BGC823/5-Fu cells were significantly higher than those of CD44(−)BGC823/5-Fu cells. BGC823/5–Fu-CSCs exhibited strong drug resistance to 5-Fu and high expression of ABC transporter genes MDR1 and MRP1 compared to CD44(-) cells. YQHY increased the inhibition and apoptosis rates to efficiently inhibit the drug resistance of BGC823/5–Fu-CSCs. Meanwhile, it suppressed the expression of MDR1 and MRP1 and restrained the activation of PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Finally, it was found that IGF-1 partially restored the activation of PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway, alleviated the inhibition of MDR1 and MRP1, blocked the proliferation-inhibitory and apoptosis-promotion effects. YQHY and si-Nrf2 synergistically suppressed the MDR1/MRP1 expression and the drug resistance of BGC823/5–Fu-CSCs. Conclusions CD44 was a reliable GC stemness biomarker, and the high expression of ABC transporter genes MDR1 and MRP1 was an important feature of drug-resistant stem cells. YQHY inhibited the MDR1 and MRP1 expression via PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway, thus reversing the drug resistance of BGC823/5–Fu-CSCs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13020-022-00647-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Huang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China.,First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Wen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China.,First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Peixing Gu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China.,First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiatong Liu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China.,First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Xia
- Department of Respiratory, Wujin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China.,First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiayu Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China.,First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyuan Song
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China.,First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuai Ruan
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China.,First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Suping Gu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China.,First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxue Chen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China.,First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Shu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China. .,First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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192
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Cancer Stem Cell Markers in Rhabdomyosarcoma in Children. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12081895. [PMID: 36010245 PMCID: PMC9406733 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12081895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The aim of the present study was to assess the cancer stem cell (CSC) markers CD24, CD44, CD133, and ALDH1A1 in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) in children and to define their prognostic role in this group of patients. (2) Methods: The study material was archival tissue specimens collected from 49 patients under 18 years of age and who had been diagnosed with RMS. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to evaluate the expression of the selected CSC markers in the tumor tissue. Expression was evaluated using a semiquantitative IRS scale based on the one developed by Remmele and Stenger and was correlated with the clinical and pathomorphological parameters of prognostic importance in RMS. (3) Results: Expression of the selected CSC markers CD24, CD44, CD133, and ALDH1A1 was demonstrated in 83.7%, 55.1%, 81.6%, and 100% of the RMS patients, respectively. The expression of all of the assessed CSC markers was statistically significantly higher in the study group versus the control group. No significant correlation was found between the expression of the selected CSC markers and clinical and pathological prognostic factors that were analyzed. The expression of the CSC markers did not have a significant influence on RMS survival rates. (4) Conclusions: The results of the conducted study confirm the expression of selected CSC markers in rhabdomyosarcoma tissue in children. The study did not support the prognostic relevance of the expression of any of the assessed CSC markers. However, further studies are needed to fully understand the relevance of the selected CSC markers in RMS carcinogenesis.
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193
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Ivanova EL, Costa B, Eisemann T, Lohr S, Boskovic P, Eichwald V, Meckler J, Jugold M, Orian-Rousseau V, Peterziel H, Angel P. CD44 expressed by myeloid cells promotes glioma invasion. Front Oncol 2022; 12:969787. [PMID: 35992852 PMCID: PMC9386454 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.969787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most common and malignant brain tumors in adulthood with a median survival of only 15 months. This poor prognosis is related to GBM’s ability to extensively infiltrate the surrounding brain parenchyma resulting in diffuse spread of neoplastic cells in the brain, responsible for high rate of recurrence. CD44 (Cluster of Differentiation 44) is a transmembrane protein, overexpressed in multiple cancer types, including gliomas, and implicated in cell motility, proliferation and angiogenesis. Multiple studies have investigated the role of CD44 in GBM cells and have highlighted a link between tumor malignancy and CD44 expression. However up to date, little is known of the role of CD44 on cells from the tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we have investigated a potential role of CD44 in the TME in regards to GBM invasiveness. Using an ex-vivo organotypic brain slice invasion assay, we show that absence of CD44 from the TME impairs the ability of glioma cells to invade the surrounding brain parenchyma. By deleting CD44 in the astrocytic, endothelial and myeloid compartments, we show that it is specifically CD44 expression in myeloid cells that is responsible for the observed phenotype. Combining in vivo studies in cell-specific knock-out mice and in vitro analyses on primary microglia we demonstrate that myeloid CD44 is implicated in Toll Like Receptor 2 signaling and is a major regulator of Matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina L. Ivanova
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ/ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Costa
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ/ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tanja Eisemann
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ/ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Lohr
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ/ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pavle Boskovic
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ/ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Viktoria Eichwald
- Core Facility Small Animal Imaging Center, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Meckler
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ/ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manfred Jugold
- Core Facility Small Animal Imaging Center, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Veronique Orian-Rousseau
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems – Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Heike Peterziel
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ/ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Angel
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ/ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Peter Angel,
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Mori C, Lee JY, Tokumoto M, Satoh M. Cadmium Toxicity Is Regulated by Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor δ in Human Proximal Tubular Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158652. [PMID: 35955783 PMCID: PMC9369238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal that is widely present in the environment. Renal proximal tubule disorder is the main symptom of Cd chronic poisoning. Our previous study demonstrated that Cd inhibits the total activities of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) transcription factors in human and rat proximal tubular cells. In this study, we investigated the involvement of PPAR in Cd renal toxicity using the HK-2 human proximal tubular cell line. Among PPAR isoform genes, only PPARD knockdown significantly showed resistance to Cd toxicity in HK-2 cells. The transcriptional activity of PPARδ was decreased not only by PPARD knockdown but also by Cd treatment. DNA microarray analysis showed that PPARD knockdown changed the expression of apoptosis-related genes in HK-2 cells. PPARD knockdown decreased apoptosis signals and caspase-3 activity induced by Cd treatment. PPARD knockdown did not affect the intracellular Cd level after Cd treatment. These results suggest that PPARδ plays a critical role in the modification of susceptibility to Cd renal toxicity and that the apoptosis pathway may be involved in PPARδ-related Cd toxicity.
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195
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Zhang W, Huang X. Stem cell membrane-camouflaged targeted delivery system in tumor. Mater Today Bio 2022; 16:100377. [PMID: 35967738 PMCID: PMC9364095 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Sihombing UHM, Andrijono, Purwoto G, Gandamihardja S, Harahap AR, Rustamadji P, Kekalih A, Widyawati R, Fuady DR. Expression of CD44+/CD24-, RAD6 and DDB2 on chemotherapy response in ovarian Cancer: A prospective flow cytometry study. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2022; 42:101005. [PMID: 35707599 PMCID: PMC9189034 DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2022.101005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dear editor of Gynecologic Oncology Reports, these are the research highlights: CD44+/CD24- overexpression in blood circulation is associated with ovarian cancer chemoresistance. RAD6 overexpression in blood circulation is associated with ovarian cancer chemoresistance. CD44+/CD24- expression in blood circulation is a good predictor of ovarian cancer chemoresistance.
Backgrounds Ovarian cancer is the 8th deadliest common cancer in women around the world. Almost all ovarian cancer patients would experience chemoresistance, recurrence, and poor prognosis after cytoreductive surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy. Chemoresistant cancer cells have characteristic expressions of cancer stem cell proteins (CSCs) CD44+/CD24-, RAD6 and DDB2. The increased expression of CD44+/CD24-, RAD6, and decreased DDB2 are believed to be associated with chemoresistance, recurrence, and poor prognosis of the disease. Thus, this study’s objective is to analyze the correlation between the expression of CD44+/CD24-, RAD6 and DDB2 with ovarian cancer chemoresistance. Materials and methods This study was conducted with a prospective cohort of 64 patients who is divided into two groups (32 patients in each group) at the Obstetrics-gynecology and pathology department of Cipto Mangunkusumo, Tarakan, Dharmais, and Fatmawati Hospital. All suspected ovarian cancer patients underwent cytoreductive debulking and histopathological examination. Chemotherapy was given for six series followed by six months of observation. After the observation, we determined the therapy’s response with the RECIST Criteria (Response Criteria in Solid Tumors) and then classified the results into chemoresistant or chemosensitive groups. Flow cytometry blood tests were then performed to examine the expression of CD44+/CD24-, RAD6 and DDB2. Results There was a significant relationship between increased levels of CD44+/CD24-, and RAD6 (p < 0.05) levels with the chemoresistance of ovarian cancer. The logistic regression test showed that the CD44+/CD24– was better marker. Conclusions These results indicate that CD44+/CD24 and RAD6 expressions are significantly associated with ovarian cancer chemoresistance, and CD44+/CD24- is the better marker to predict ovarian cancer chemoresistance.
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CD109 Is a Critical Determinant of EGFR Expression and Signaling, and Tumorigenicity in Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153672. [PMID: 35954339 PMCID: PMC9367592 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. CD109 is overexpressed in many cancers including SCC. Although a pro-tumorigenic role for CD109 has been shown in non-SCC cancers, and in one type of SCC, the mechanisms and signaling pathways reported are discrepant. (2) Methods: The CD109-EGFR interaction and CD109-mediated regulation of EGFR expression, signaling, and stemness were studied using microarray, immunoblot, immunoprecipitation, qPCR, immunofluorescence, and/or spheroid formation assays. The role of CD109 in tumor progression and metastasis was studied using xenograft tumor growth and metastatic models. (3) Results: We establish the in vivo tumorigenicity of CD109 in vulvar SCC cells and demonstrate that CD109 is an essential regulator of EGFR expression at the mRNA and protein levels and of EGFR/AKT signaling in vulvar and hypopharyngeal SCC cells. Furthermore, we show that the mechanism involves EGFR-CD109 heteromerization and colocalization, leading to the stabilization of EGFR levels. Additionally, we demonstrate that the maintenance of epithelial morphology and in vitro tumorigenicity of SCC cells require CD109 localization to the cell surface. (4) Conclusions: Our study identifies an essential role for CD109 in vulvar SCC progression. We demonstrate that CD109 regulates SCC cellular stemness and epithelial morphology via a cell-surface CD109-EGFR interaction, stabilization of EGFR levels and EGFR/AKT signaling.
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Leitão C, Pereira SO, Marques C, Cennamo N, Zeni L, Shaimerdenova M, Ayupova T, Tosi D. Cost-Effective Fiber Optic Solutions for Biosensing. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:575. [PMID: 36004971 PMCID: PMC9405647 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In the last years, optical fiber sensors have proven to be a reliable and versatile biosensing tool. Optical fiber biosensors (OFBs) are analytical devices that use optical fibers as transducers, with the advantages of being easily coated and biofunctionalized, allowing the monitorization of all functionalization and detection in real-time, as well as being small in size and geometrically flexible, thus allowing device miniaturization and portability for point-of-care (POC) testing. Knowing the potential of such biosensing tools, this paper reviews the reported OFBs which are, at the moment, the most cost-effective. Different fiber configurations are highlighted, namely, end-face reflected, unclad, D- and U-shaped, tips, ball resonators, tapered, light-diffusing, and specialty fibers. Packaging techniques to enhance OFBs' application in the medical field, namely for implementing in subcutaneous, percutaneous, and endoscopic operations as well as in wearable structures, are presented and discussed. Interrogation approaches of OFBs using smartphones' hardware are a great way to obtain cost-effective sensing approaches. In this review paper, different architectures of such interrogation methods and their respective applications are presented. Finally, the application of OFBs in monitoring three crucial fields of human life and wellbeing are reported: detection of cancer biomarkers, detection of cardiovascular biomarkers, and environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Leitão
- i3N, Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.O.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Sónia O. Pereira
- i3N, Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.O.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Carlos Marques
- i3N, Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.O.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Nunzio Cennamo
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy; (N.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Luigi Zeni
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy; (N.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Madina Shaimerdenova
- School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (M.S.); (T.A.)
| | - Takhmina Ayupova
- School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (M.S.); (T.A.)
| | - Daniele Tosi
- School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (M.S.); (T.A.)
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioinstruments, National Laboratory Astana, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
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199
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Kwizera EA, Ou W, Lee S, Stewart S, Shamul JG, Xu J, Tait N, Tkaczuk KHR, He X. Greatly Enhanced CTC Culture Enabled by Capturing CTC Heterogeneity Using a PEGylated PDMS-Titanium-Gold Electromicrofluidic Device with Glutathione-Controlled Gentle Cell Release. ACS NANO 2022; 16:11374-11391. [PMID: 35797466 PMCID: PMC9649890 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The circulating tumor cells (CTCs, the root cause of cancer metastasis and poor cancer prognosis) are very difficult to culture for scale-up in vitro, which has hampered their use in cancer research/prognosis and patient-specific therapeutic development. Herein, we report a robust electromicrofluidic chip for not only efficient capture of heterogeneous (EpCAM+ and CD44+) CTCs with high purity but also glutathione-controlled gentle release of the CTCs with high efficiency and viability. This is enabled by coating the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface in the device with a 10 nm gold layer through a 4 nm titanium coupling layer, for convenient PEGylation and linkage of capture antibodies via the thiol-gold chemistry. Surprisingly, the percentage of EpCAM+ mammary CTCs can be as low as ∼35% (∼70% on average), showing that the commonly used approach of capturing CTCs with EpCAM alone may miss many EpCAM- CTCs. Furthermore, the CD44+ CTCs can be cultured to form 3D spheroids efficiently for scale-up. In contrast, the CTCs captured with EpCAM alone are poor in proliferation in vitro, consistent with the literature. By capture of the CTC heterogeneity, the percentage of stage IV patients whose CTCs can be successfully cultured/scaled up is improved from 12.5% to 68.8%. These findings demonstrate that the common practice of CTC capture with EpCAM alone misses the CTC heterogeneity including the critical CD44+ CTCs. This study may be valuable to the procurement and scale-up of heterogeneous CTCs, to facilitate the understanding of cancer metastasis and the development of cancer metastasis-targeted personalized cancer therapies conveniently via the minimally invasive liquid/blood biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyahb A Kwizera
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Wenquan Ou
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Sojeong Lee
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Samantha Stewart
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - James G Shamul
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Jiangsheng Xu
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Nancy Tait
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Katherine H R Tkaczuk
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Xiaoming He
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
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Liao C, Wang Q, An J, Chen J, Li X, Long Q, Xiao L, Guan X, Liu J. CD44 Glycosylation as a Therapeutic Target in Oncology. Front Oncol 2022; 12:883831. [PMID: 35936713 PMCID: PMC9351704 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.883831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of non-kinase transmembrane glycoprotein CD44 with ligands including hyaluronic acid (HA) is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. Changes in CD44 glycosylation can regulate its binding to HA, Siglec-15, fibronectin, TM4SF5, PRG4, FGF2, collagen and podoplanin and activate or inhibit c-Src/STAT3/Twist1/Bmi1, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, ERK/NF-κB/NANOG and other signaling pathways, thereby having a profound impact on the tumor microenvironment and tumor cell fate. However, the glycosylation of CD44 is complex and largely unknown, and the current understanding of how CD44 glycosylation affects tumors is limited. These issues must be addressed before targeted CD44 glycosylation can be applied to treat human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Liao
- Department of Orthodontics II, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Oral Disease Research Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Oral Disease Research Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Microbial Resources and Drug Development Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, Life Sciences Institute, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jiaxing An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiaolan Li
- Oral Disease Research Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Microbial Resources and Drug Development Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, Life Sciences Institute, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qian Long
- Department of Orthodontics II, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Oral Disease Research Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Linlin Xiao
- Department of Orthodontics II, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Oral Disease Research Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: Linlin Xiao, ; Xiaoyan Guan, ; Jianguo Liu,
| | - Xiaoyan Guan
- Department of Orthodontics II, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Oral Disease Research Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: Linlin Xiao, ; Xiaoyan Guan, ; Jianguo Liu,
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Department of Orthodontics II, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Oral Disease Research Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: Linlin Xiao, ; Xiaoyan Guan, ; Jianguo Liu,
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