2201
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Donaldson K, Poland CA, Schins RPF. Possible genotoxic mechanisms of nanoparticles: Criteria for improved test strategies. Nanotoxicology 2010; 4:414-20. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2010.482751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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2202
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Johnston HJ, Hutchison G, Christensen FM, Peters S, Hankin S, Stone V. A review of the in vivo and in vitro toxicity of silver and gold particulates: particle attributes and biological mechanisms responsible for the observed toxicity. Crit Rev Toxicol 2010; 40:328-46. [PMID: 20128631 DOI: 10.3109/10408440903453074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 546] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This review is concerned with evaluating the toxicity associated with human exposure to silver and gold nanoparticles (NPs), due to the relative abundance of toxicity data available for these particles, when compared to other metal particulates. This has allowed knowledge on the current understanding of the field to be gained, and has demonstrated where gaps in knowledge are. It is anticipated that evaluating the hazards associated with silver and gold particles will ultimately enable risk assessments to be completed, by combining this information with knowledge on the level of human exposure. The quantity of available hazard information for metals is greatest for silver particulates, due to its widespread inclusion within a number of diverse products (including clothes and wound dressings), which primarily arises from its antibacterial behaviour. Gold has been used on numerous occasions to assess the biodistribution and cellular uptake of NPs following exposure. Inflammatory, oxidative, genotoxic, and cytotoxic consequences are associated with silver particulate exposure, and are inherently linked. The primary site of gold and silver particulate accumulation has been consistently demonstrated to be the liver, and it is therefore relevant that a number of in vitro investigations have focused on this potential target organ. However, in general there is a lack of in vivo and in vitro toxicity information that allows correlations between the findings to be made. Instead a focus on the tissue distribution of particles following exposure is evident within the available literature, which can be useful in directing appropriate in vitro experimentation by revealing potential target sites of toxicity. The experimental design has the potential to impact on the toxicological observations, and in particular the use of excessively high particle concentrations has been observed. As witnessed for other particle types, gold and silver particle sizes are influential in dictating the observed toxicity, with smaller particles exhibiting a greater response than their larger counterparts, and this is likely to be driven by differences in particle surface area, when administered at an equal-mass dose. A major obstacle, at present, is deciphering whether the responses related to silver nanoparticulate exposure derive from their small size, or particle dissolution contributes to the observed toxicity. Alternatively, a combination of both may be responsible, as the release of ions would be expected to be greater for smaller particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helinor J Johnston
- Centre for Nano Safety, School of Life Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK.
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2203
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Nallathamby PD, Xu XHN. Study of cytotoxic and therapeutic effects of stable and purified silver nanoparticles on tumor cells. NANOSCALE 2010; 2:942-52. [PMID: 20648292 PMCID: PMC2914687 DOI: 10.1039/c0nr00080a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We have synthesized and purified silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) (11.3+/-2.3 nm) that are stable (non-aggregated) in cell culture medium and inside single living cells. We have developed new imaging methods to characterize sizes and number of single NPs in the medium and in single living cells in real-time and determine their stability (non-aggregation) in the medium and in single living cells at single NP resolution. These new approaches allow us to study toxic and therapeutic effects of single Ag NPs on tumor cells (L929, mouse fibroblast cells) with determined sizes and concentrations (doses) of NPs over time at single NP and single cell resolution. We found that Ag NPs inhibited the growth and division of tumor cells and their nuclei, in a dose and time dependent manner, showing significant inhibitory effects and abnormal cells with giant undivided nuclei or multiple nuclei beyond 12 h incubation. The results show that Ag NPs inhibited the segregation of chromosomes, but not their replication. Intracellular Ag NPs were well distributed in the cell population, and located in the nuclei and cytoplasm with higher numbers in the cytoplasm. This study demonstrates the possibility of using Ag NPs to inhibit the growth and division of tumor cells and using their cytotoxicity for potential therapeutic treatments. This study offers a new method to count the number of single NPs in the medium for characterization of their concentration and stability at single NP resolution over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash D. Nallathamby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529
| | - Xiao-Hong Nancy Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529
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2204
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Li PR, Wei JC, Chiu YF, Su HL, Peng FC, Lin JJ. Evaluation on cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the exfoliated silicate nanoclay. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2010; 2:1608-1613. [PMID: 20568705 DOI: 10.1021/am1001162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The concern about toxicity for nanosilicate platelets (NSP) derived from natural montmorillonite clay is addressed. The NSP nanoclay was isolated from polyamine-salt exfoliation of the layered silicate clay into randomized individual plates, possessing multiple ionic charges on the surface of silicate plates with an average geometric dimension of ca. 80 x 80 x 1 nm(3). The material had been previously shown to be effective for antimicrobial and tendency for adhering onto the biomaterial surface based on the direct observation by using scanning electron microscope. The material safety on genotoxic effect was investigated by using three different test systems: the Comet assay test on Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells in vitro, micronucleus (MN) assay in vivo and the Salmonella gene mutation assay on strain TA98, TA100, TA102, TA1535 and TA1537. The Comet assay showed no DNA damage after 24 h of incubation with NSP of 1000 microg/mL. The MN test indicated no significant micronucleus induction in the CHO cells at the concentrations tested. With all five strains of Salmonella typhimurium, none of mutations was found. Furthermore, cytotoxicity of the same material was assayed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, showing a low cytotoxicity on CHO cells below 1000 microg/mL after 12 h incubation period and a dose-dependent effect after 24 h incubation. For feeding to rats, the acute oral toxicity was shown a low lethal dose (LD(50)) or greater than 5700 mg/kg body weight for both male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Overall, the study has demonstrated the safety of the NSP for potential uses in biomedical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ru Li
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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2205
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Huang X, Zhuang J, Teng X, Li L, Chen D, Yan X, Tang F. The promotion of human malignant melanoma growth by mesoporous silica nanoparticles through decreased reactive oxygen species. Biomaterials 2010; 31:6142-53. [PMID: 20510446 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The concept that mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are regarded as ideal novel drug delivery carriers in tumor therapy has been introduced extensively, but the effects of MSNs on tumor growth have received little attention. Here a model of nude mice xenografted with human malignant melanoma cells (A375) was used to investigate the effect of MSNs on tumor growth. Surprisingly, we found that MSNs have no toxicity to human malignant melanoma but increasing tumor growth in vivo. It was also confirmed that MSNs significantly promoted A375 cell proliferation and accelerated cell cycle progression in vitro. Cellular uptake mechanism showed that MSNs may affect molecular behavior of A375 cells when they entered into cytoplasm. Then, a detailed mechanism indicated that the promotion effect induced by MSNs was due to the decreasing of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells. Further results demonstrated that the upregulation of anti-apoptotic molecules Bcl-2 expression and the inhibition of NF-kappaB activation by MSNs may promote cell proliferation in a redox-sensitive signal pathway. These results show that tumor growth can be regulated by nanocarriers themselves in a ROS-dependent manner and imply that nanocarriers are not necessarily suitable for all kinds of tumor therapy in development drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglu Huang
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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2206
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Braydich-Stolle LK, Lucas B, Schrand A, Murdock RC, Lee T, Schlager JJ, Hussain SM, Hofmann MC. Silver nanoparticles disrupt GDNF/Fyn kinase signaling in spermatogonial stem cells. Toxicol Sci 2010; 116:577-89. [PMID: 20488942 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) are being utilized in an increasing number of fields and are components of antibacterial coatings, antistatic materials, superconductors, and biosensors. A number of reports have now described the toxic effects of silver nanoparticles on somatic cells; however, no study has examined their effects on the germ line at the molecular level. Spermatogenesis is a complex biological process that is particularly sensitive to environmental insults. Many chemicals, including ultrafine particles, have a negative effect on the germ line, either by directly affecting the germ cells or by indirectly acting on the somatic cells of the testis. In the present study, we have assessed the impact of different doses of Ag-NPs, as well as their size and biocompatible coating, on the proliferation of mouse spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), which are at the origin of the germ line in the adult testis. At concentrations >OR= 10 microg/ml, Ag-NPs induced a significant decline in SSCs proliferation, which was also dependent on their size and coating. At the concentration of 10 microg/ml, reactive oxygen species production and/or apoptosis did not seem to play a major role; therefore, we explored other mechanisms to explain the decrease in cell proliferation. Because glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is vital for SSC self-renewal in vitro and in vivo, we evaluated the effects of Ag-NPs on GDNF-mediated signaling in these cells. Although the nanoparticles did not reduce GDNF binding or Ret receptor activity, our data revealed that already at a concentration of 10 microg/ml, silver nanoparticles specifically interact with Fyn kinase downstream of Ret and impair SSC proliferation in vitro. In addition, we demonstrated that the particle coating was degraded upon interaction with the intracellular microenvironment, reducing biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Braydich-Stolle
- Applied Biotechnology Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory/RHPB, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, USA
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2207
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2208
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Sur I, Cam D, Kahraman M, Baysal A, Culha M. Interaction of multi-functional silver nanoparticles with living cells. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 21:175104. [PMID: 20368680 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/17/175104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in household products and in medicine due to their antibacterial and to wound healing properties. In recent years, there is also an effort for their use in biomedical imaging and photothermal therapy. The primary reason behind the effort for their utility in biomedicine and therapy is their unique plasmonic properties and easy surface chemistry for a variety of functionalizations. In this study, AgNPs modified with glucose, lactose, oligonucleotides and combinations of these ligands are investigated for their cytotoxicity and cellular uptake in living non-cancer (L929) and cancer (A549) cells. It is found that the chemical nature of the ligand strongly influences the toxicity and cellular uptake into the model cells. While the lactose-and glucose-modified AgNPs enter the L929 cells at about the same rate, a significant increase in the rate of lactose-modified AgNPs into the A549 cells is observed. The binding of oligonucleotides along with the carbohydrate on the AgNP surfaces influences the differential uptake rate pattern into the cells. The cytotoxicity study with the modified AgNPs reveals that only naked AgNPs influence the viability of the A549 cells. The findings of this study may provide the key to developing effective applications in medicine such as cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilknur Sur
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
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2209
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Foldbjerg R, Dang DA, Autrup H. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of silver nanoparticles in the human lung cancer cell line, A549. Arch Toxicol 2010; 85:743-50. [PMID: 20428844 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-010-0545-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 492] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 04/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials, especially silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), are used in a rapidly increasing number of commercial products. Accordingly, the hazards associated with human exposure to nanomaterials should be investigated to facilitate the risk assessment process. A potential route of exposure to NPs is through the respiratory system. In the present study, we investigated the effects of well-characterized PVP-coated Ag NPs and silver ions (Ag+) in the human, alveolar cell line, A549. Dose-dependent cellular toxicity caused by Ag NPs and Ag+ was demonstrated by the MTT and annexin V/propidium iodide assays, and evidence of Ag NP uptake could be measured indirectly by atomic absorption spectroscopy and flow cytometry. The cytotoxicity of both silver compounds was greatly decreased by pretreatment with the antioxidant, N-acetyl-cysteine, and a strong correlation between the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial damage (r(s) = -0.8810; p = 0.0039) or early apoptosis (r(s) = 0.8857; p = 0.0188) was observed. DNA damage induced by ROS was detected as an increase in bulky DNA adducts by (32)P postlabeling after Ag NP exposure. The level of bulky DNA adducts was strongly correlated with the cellular ROS levels (r(s) = 0.8810, p = 0.0039) and could be inhibited by antioxidant pretreatment, suggesting Ag NPs as a mediator of ROS-induced genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Foldbjerg
- Nanoparticle Safety Group, Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Institute of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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2210
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Costa CS, Ronconi JVV, Daufenbach JF, Gonçalves CL, Rezin GT, Streck EL, da Silva Paula MM. In vitro effects of silver nanoparticles on the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 342:51-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0467-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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2211
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Oh WK, Kim S, Yoon H, Jang J. Shape-dependent cytotoxicity and proinflammatory response of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanomaterials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2010; 6:872-9. [PMID: 20209653 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200902074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDT) is recognized as one of the most promising conducting polymers for future applications in the fields of electronics, optics, energy storage/conversion, and biomedical science. The toxicity of PEDT could be considered to affect the potential for its widespread application. Herein, the cytotoxicity and proinflammatory response of PEDT nanomaterials of three different shapes toward human lung fibroblast (IMR90) and mouse alveolar macrophage (J774A.1) cells are investigated. The shape-dependent toxicity of the PEDT nanomaterials is evaluated by examining cell morphological change, cytotoxicity, apoptosis/necrosis, oxidative stress, and immune response. The cytotoxicity and apoptosis of the nanomaterials increase with their decreasing aspect ratio in both cell lines. The formation of reactive oxygen species in cells treated with PEDT nanomaterials is dependent on the shape and concentration of the nanomaterial. Proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha from macrophages, are induced by PEDT nanomaterial-treated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Kyu Oh
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanangno, Gwanakgu, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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2212
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Chun JY, Kang HK, Jeong L, Kang YO, Oh JE, Yeo IS, Jung SY, Park WH, Min BM. Epidermal cellular response to poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofibers containing silver nanoparticles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 78:334-42. [PMID: 20399628 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2009] [Revised: 02/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A heat-treated PVA nanofibrous matrix containing silver (Ag) was prepared by electrospinning an aqueous 10 wt% PVA solution and followed by heat treatment at 150 degrees C for 10 min. The average diameter of the as-spun and heat-treated PVA nanofibers was 330 nm. The heat-treated PVA nanofibrous matrix containing Ag was irradiated with UV light to transform the Ag ions in the nanofibrous matrix into Ag nanoparticles. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the Ag ions and/or nanoparticles on normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) and fibroblasts (NHEF) cultures was examined. The PVA nanofibrous matrix containing Ag showed slightly higher level of attachment and spreading in the early stage culture (1 h) than the PVA nanofibers without Ag (control). However, compared with the PVA nanofibers without Ag, the heat-treated and UV-irradiated PVA nanofibers, containing mainly Ag ions and nanoparticles, respectively, showed reduced cell attachment and spreading. This shows that both Ag ions and Ag nanoparticles are cytotoxic to NHEK and NHEF. There was no significant difference in cytotoxicity to NHEK and NHEF between Ag ions and Ag nanoparticles. NHEF appeared to be more sensitive to Ag ions or particles than NHEK. In addition, the residual nitrate ions (NO3(-)) in the PVA nanofibers had an adverse effect on the culture of both cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja Young Chun
- Department of Advance Organic Materials and Textile System Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea
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2213
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Hemmer E, Kohl Y, Colquhoun V, Thielecke H, Soga K, Mathur S. Probing Cytotoxicity of Gadolinium Hydroxide Nanostructures. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:4358-65. [DOI: 10.1021/jp911607h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hemmer
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, 278-8510 Chiba, Japan, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Ensheimer Strasse 48, 66386 St. Ingbert, Germany, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, and Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Yvonne Kohl
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, 278-8510 Chiba, Japan, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Ensheimer Strasse 48, 66386 St. Ingbert, Germany, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, and Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Victoria Colquhoun
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, 278-8510 Chiba, Japan, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Ensheimer Strasse 48, 66386 St. Ingbert, Germany, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, and Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hagen Thielecke
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, 278-8510 Chiba, Japan, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Ensheimer Strasse 48, 66386 St. Ingbert, Germany, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, and Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Kohei Soga
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, 278-8510 Chiba, Japan, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Ensheimer Strasse 48, 66386 St. Ingbert, Germany, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, and Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sanjay Mathur
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, 278-8510 Chiba, Japan, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Ensheimer Strasse 48, 66386 St. Ingbert, Germany, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, and Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
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2214
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Chen R, Ratnikova TA, Stone MB, Lin S, Lard M, Huang G, Hudson JS, Ke PC. Differential uptake of carbon nanoparticles by plant and Mammalian cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2010; 6:612-617. [PMID: 20209658 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200901911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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2215
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Asharani PV, Xinyi N, Hande MP, Valiyaveettil S. DNA damage and p53-mediated growth arrest in human cells treated with platinum nanoparticles. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2010; 5:51-64. [PMID: 20025464 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.09.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Platinum-based therapeutic agents are widely used in medicine. Thus, a thorough understanding of their mechanism of action in cells is warranted. This study investigates the uptake and bioactivity (e.g., cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and protein expression) of platinum nanoparticles (Pt-NPs, approximately 5-8 nm in size) in human cells. MATERIALS & METHODS Pt-NPs capped with polyvinyl alcohol were synthesized, characterized and incubated with human cells. Uptake and the biological properties were evaluated through metabolic activity, genome integrity, cell cycle and protein expression. RESULTS Pt-NPs entered the cells through diffusion, and localized inside the cytoplasm. Exposure to the Pt-NP increased DNA damage, accumulation of cells at the S-phase of the cell cycle and apoptosis. A significant number of cells recovered from the stress and formed colonies. Protein-expression levels uncovered upregulation of p53, phosphorylated p53, p21 and downregulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen following Pt-NP treatment. Pro-caspase 3 and poly-ADP ribose polymerase and cyclin B levels were not altered in both the cell types after Pt-NP exposure. CONCLUSION The results suggest p53 activation in Pt-NP-treated cells due to genotoxic stress, with subsequent activation of p21 leading to a proliferating cell nuclear antigen-mediated growth arrest and apoptosis. This study recommends development of Pt-NP-based anticancer agents by appropriate surface modifications to augment its innate anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Asharani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, 3 Science Drive 3, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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2216
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Homan K, Shah J, Gomez S, Gensler H, Karpiouk A, Brannon-Peppas L, Emelianov S. Silver nanosystems for photoacoustic imaging and image-guided therapy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2010; 15:021316. [PMID: 20459238 PMCID: PMC2859084 DOI: 10.1117/1.3365937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2009] [Revised: 01/05/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Due to their optical absorption properties, metallic nanoparticles are excellent photoacoustic imaging contrast agents. A silver nanosystem is presented here as a potential contrast agent for photoacoustic imaging and image-guided therapy. Currently, the nanosystem consists of a porous silver layer deposited on the surface of spherical silica cores ranging in diameter from 180 to 520 nm. The porous nature of the silver layer will allow for release of drugs or other therapeutic agents encapsulated in the core in future applications. In their current PEGylated form, the silver nanosystem is shown to be nontoxic in vitro at concentrations of silver up to 2 mgml. Furthermore, the near-infrared absorbance properties of the nanosystem are demonstrated by measuring strong, concentration-dependent photoacoustic signal from the silver nanosystem embedded in an ex vivo tissue sample. Our study suggests that silver nanosystems can be used as multifunctional agents capable of augmenting image-guided therapy techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Homan
- The University of Texas at Austin, Biomedical Engineering Department, 1 University Station C0800, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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2217
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Hossu M, Ma L, Chen W. Nonlinear enhancement of spontaneous biophoton emission of sweet potato by silver nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2010; 99:44-8. [PMID: 20207158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Revised: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Ultraweak biophoton emission of cutting-injured sweet potato is enhanced by the incubation with Ag nanoparticles in a nonlinear way. The late peak of the emission after the cutting injury is amplified as much as 15 times, while only little amplification was identified for the emission measured immediately after the cutting. The effect requires the presence of nutritive media to support the active metabolic processes and is also affected by the timing of the addition of the Ag nanoparticles. Proposed mechanisms of reactive oxygen species generation and energy resonance transfer are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Hossu
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St. Arlington, TX 76019, USA
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2218
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Signaling gene cascade in silver nanoparticle induced apoptosis. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 77:240-5. [PMID: 20197232 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2009] [Revised: 01/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscale materials are presently gaining much importance for biological applications especially in the field of medicine. The large numbers of nanomaterial based products that are currently being developed - with projected applications in medicine - have inspired a growing interest in exploring their impact on cellular gene expression. The present study examines the effects of silver nanoparticles (NPs) on genes expression in an endeavor to assess the fundamental mechanisms that contribute to silver NP induced programmed cell death. Here, we have used RT-PCR to study the gene expression, flow cytometry analyses to probe the extent of apoptosis (FACS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to follow the cell membrane topology change induced by Ag NPs. The gene expression study revealed that Ag NP induced p53-mediated apoptotic pathway through which most of the chemotherapeutic drugs trigger apoptosis (programmed cell death). The results also suggest that Ag NPs could be attributed as therapeutic agent for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.
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2219
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Controlling of silver nanoparticles structure by hydrogel networks. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 342:73-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2009] [Revised: 10/04/2009] [Accepted: 10/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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2220
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Ho CM, Yau SKW, Lok CN, So MH, Che CM. Oxidative Dissolution of Silver Nanoparticles by Biologically Relevant Oxidants: A Kinetic and Mechanistic Study. Chem Asian J 2010; 5:285-93. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.200900387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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2221
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Lu W, Senapati D, Wang S, Tovmachenko O, Singh AK, Yu H, Ray PC. Effect of Surface Coating on the Toxicity of Silver Nanomaterials on Human Skin Keratinocytes. Chem Phys Lett 2010; 487. [PMID: 24187379 DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
As nanotechnology field continues to develop, assessing nanoparticle toxicity is very important for advancing nanoparticles for daily life application. In this Letter, we report the effect of surface coating on cyto, geno and photo-toxicity of silver nanomaterials of different shapes on human skin HaCaT keratinocytes. We found that the citrate coated colloidal silver nanoparticles at 100 µg/mL level are not geno-, cyto- and phtotoxic. On the other hand, citrate coated powder form of the silver nanoparticles are toxic. We have demonstrated that coating of the silver nanoparticles with a biodegradable polymer prevents the toxicity of the powder. Toxicity mechanism has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
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2222
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Deng F, Olesen P, Foldbjerg R, Dang DA, Guo X, Autrup H. Silver nanoparticles up-regulate Connexin43 expression and increase gap junctional intercellular communication in human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549. Nanotoxicology 2010; 4:186-95. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390903576451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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2223
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Niskanen J, Shan J, Tenhu H, Jiang H, Kauppinen E, Barranco V, Picó F, Yliniemi K, Kontturi K. Synthesis of copolymer-stabilized silver nanoparticles for coating materials. Colloid Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-009-2178-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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2224
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Singh S, D’Britto V, Prabhune AA, Ramana CV, Dhawan A, Prasad BLV. Cytotoxic and genotoxic assessment of glycolipid-reduced and -capped gold and silver nanoparticles. NEW J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b9nj00277d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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2225
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Silver nanoparticles induce cytotoxicity by a Trojan-horse type mechanism. Toxicol In Vitro 2009; 24:872-8. [PMID: 19969064 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 482] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2009] [Revised: 11/14/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely applied in many household products and medical uses. However, studies on the effects of AgNPs on human health and environmental implications are in the beginning stage. Furthermore, most data on the toxicity of AgNPs have been generated using nanoparticles modified with detergents to prevent agglomeration, which may alter their toxicities. In this study, we studied toxicity using AgNPs prepared by dispersing them in fetal bovine serum (FBS), biocompatible materials. AgNPs (average size; 68.9 nm, concentrations; 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 ppm, exposure time; 24, 48, 72, and 96h) showed cytotoxicity to cultured RAW264.7 cells by increasing sub G1 fraction, which indicates cellular apoptosis. AgNPs decreased intracellular glutathione level, increased NO secretion, increased TNF-alpha in protein and gene levels, and increased gene expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-3, MMP-11, and MMP-19). When cells were treated with AgNPs, they were observed in the cytosol of the activated cells, but were not observed in the dead cells. It seemed that AgNPs were ionized in the cells to cause cytotoxicity by a Trojan-horse type mechanism suggested by previously reported studies.
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2226
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Bhabra G, Sood A, Fisher B, Cartwright L, Saunders M, Evans WH, Surprenant A, Lopez-Castejon G, Mann S, Davis SA, Hails LA, Ingham E, Verkade P, Lane J, Heesom K, Newson R, Case CP. Nanoparticles can cause DNA damage across a cellular barrier. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 4:876-883. [PMID: 19893513 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2009.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2009] [Accepted: 09/21/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of nanoparticles in medicine has raised concerns over their ability to gain access to privileged sites in the body. Here, we show that cobalt-chromium nanoparticles (29.5 +/- 6.3 nm in diameter) can damage human fibroblast cells across an intact cellular barrier without having to cross the barrier. The damage is mediated by a novel mechanism involving transmission of purine nucleotides (such as ATP) and intercellular signalling within the barrier through connexin gap junctions or hemichannels and pannexin channels. The outcome, which includes DNA damage without significant cell death, is different from that observed in cells subjected to direct exposure to nanoparticles. Our results suggest the importance of indirect effects when evaluating the safety of nanoparticles. The potential damage to tissues located behind cellular barriers needs to be considered when using nanoparticles for targeting diseased states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gevdeep Bhabra
- Bristol Implant Research Centre, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
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2227
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Vaijayanthimala V, Tzeng YK, Chang HC, Li CL. The biocompatibility of fluorescent nanodiamonds and their mechanism of cellular uptake. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 20:425103. [PMID: 19779240 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/42/425103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The labeling of cells with fluorescent nanoparticles is promising for various biomedical applications. The objective of this study is to evaluate the biocompatibility and the mechanism of the cellular uptake of fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) in cancer cells (HeLa) and pre-adipocytes (3T3-L1). With flow cytometry and the use of a battery of metabolic and cytoskeletal inhibitors, we found that the mechanism of the FND uptake in both cells is by energy-dependent clathrin-mediated endocytosis. In addition, the surface charge of FND influences its cellular uptake, as the uptake of poly-L-lysine-coated FNDs is better than that of oxidative-acid-purified FNDs at the same concentration in regular medium with or without serum. We also confirm that the proliferative potential of FND-treated and untreated cells does not exhibit any significant differences when measured at bulk cultures, and more stringently at clonal cell density. Further biocompatibility studies indicate that the in vitro differentiation of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes and 489-2 osteoprogenitors is not affected by the FND treatment. Our results show that FNDs are biocompatible and ideal candidates for potential applications in human stem cell research.
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2228
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2229
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Antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles against Candida spp. Biomaterials 2009; 30:6333-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 670] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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2230
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Wang H, Yang R, Yang L, Tan W. Nucleic acid conjugated nanomaterials for enhanced molecular recognition. ACS NANO 2009; 3:2451-60. [PMID: 19658387 PMCID: PMC2765789 DOI: 10.1021/nn9006303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acids, whether designed or selected in vitro, play important roles in biosensing, medical diagnostics, and therapy. Specifically, the conjugation of functional nucleic acid based probe molecules and nanomaterials has resulted in an unprecedented improvement in the field of molecular recognition. With their unique physical and chemical properties, nanomaterials facilitate the sensing process and amplify the signal of recognition events. Thus, the coupling of nucleic acids with various nanomaterials opens up a promising future for molecular recognition. The literature offers a broad spectrum of recent advances in biosensing by employing different nanoplatforms with designed nucleic acids, especially gold nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, silica nanoparticles, and quantum dots. The advantages of these novel combinations are discussed from the perspective of molecular recognition in chemistry, biology, and medicine, along with the problems confronting future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Biomedical Engineering Center, State Key Lab of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ronghua Yang
- Biomedical Engineering Center, State Key Lab of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Corresponding authors: (352) 846-2410 (W.T.); +86-731-8821720 (R. H.)
| | - Liu Yang
- Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Shands Cancer Center and UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611-7200, USA
| | - Weihong Tan
- Biomedical Engineering Center, State Key Lab of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Shands Cancer Center and UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611-7200, USA
- Corresponding authors: (352) 846-2410 (W.T.); +86-731-8821720 (R. H.)
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2231
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Asharani PV, Hande MP, Valiyaveettil S. Anti-proliferative activity of silver nanoparticles. BMC Cell Biol 2009; 10:65. [PMID: 19761582 PMCID: PMC2759918 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-10-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Accepted: 09/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanoparticles possess exceptional physical and chemical properties which led to rapid commercialisation. Silver nanoparticles (Ag-np) are among the most commercialized nanoparticles due to their antimicrobial potential. Ag-np based cosmetics, therapeutic agents and household products are in wide use, which raised a public concern regarding their safety associated with human and environmental use. No safety regulations are in practice for the use of these nanomaterials. The interactions of nanomaterials with cells, uptake mechanisms, distribution, excretion, toxicological endpoints and mechanism of action remain unanswered. RESULTS Normal human lung fibroblasts (IMR-90) and human glioblastoma cells (U251) were exposed to different doses of Ag-nps in vitro. Uptake of Ag-nps occurred mainly through endocytosis (clathrin mediated process and macropinocytosis), accompanied by a time dependent increase in exocytosis rate. The electron micrographs revealed a uniform intracellular distribution of Ag-np both in cytoplasm and nucleus. Ag-np treated cells exhibited chromosome instability and mitotic arrest in human cells. There was efficient recovery from arrest in normal human fibroblasts whereas the cancer cells ceased to proliferate. Toxicity of Ag-np is mediated through intracellular calcium (Ca2+) transients along with significant alterations in cell morphology and spreading and surface ruffling. Down regulation of major actin binding protein, filamin was observed after Ag-np exposure. Ag-np induced stress resulted in the up regulation of metallothionein and heme oxygenase -1 genes. CONCLUSION Here, we demonstrate that uptake of Ag-np occurs mainly through clathrin mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis. Our results suggest that cancer cells are susceptible to damage with lack of recovery from Ag-np-induced stress. Ag-np is found to be acting through intracellular calcium transients and chromosomal aberrations, either directly or through activation of catabolic enzymes. The signalling cascades are believed to play key roles in cytoskeleton deformations and ultimately to inhibit cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Asharani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, 3 Science Drive 3, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore
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2232
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Ispas C, Andreescu D, Patel A, Goia DV, Andreescu S, Wallace KN. Toxicity and developmental defects of different sizes and shape nickel nanoparticles in zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:6349-56. [PMID: 19746736 PMCID: PMC2744893 DOI: 10.1021/es9010543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Metallic nanoparticles such as nickel are used in catalytic sensing, and electronic applications, but health and environmental affects have not been fully investigated. While some metal nanoparticles result in toxicity, it is also important to determine whether nanoparticles of the same metal but of different size and shape changes toxicity. Three different size nickel nanoparticle (Ni NPs) of 30, 60, and 100 nm and larger particle clusters of aggregated 60 nm entities with a dendritic structure were synthesized and exposed to zebrafish embryos assessing mortality and developmental defects. Ni NPs exposure was compared to soluble nickel salts. All three 30, 60, and 100 nm Ni NPs are equal to or less toxic than soluble nickel while dendritic clusters were more toxic. With each Ni NP exposure, thinning of the intestinal epithelium first occurs around the LD10 continuing into the LD50. LD50 exposure also results in skeletal muscle fiber separation. Exposure to soluble nickel does not cause intestinal defects while skeletal muscle separation occurs at concentrations well over LD50. These results suggest that configuration of nanoparticles may affect toxicity more than size and defects from Ni NPs exposure occur by different biological mechanisms than soluble nickel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ispas
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
- Center for Advanced Materials Processing (CAMP), Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
| | - Daniel Andreescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
- Center for Advanced Materials Processing (CAMP), Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
| | - Avni Patel
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
| | - Dan V. Goia
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
- Center for Advanced Materials Processing (CAMP), Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
| | - Silvana Andreescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
- Center for Advanced Materials Processing (CAMP), Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
- Corresponding authors: ,
| | - Kenneth N. Wallace
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
- Corresponding authors: ,
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2233
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Meng H, Xia T, George S, Nel AE. A predictive toxicological paradigm for the safety assessment of nanomaterials. ACS NANO 2009; 3:1620-7. [PMID: 21452863 DOI: 10.1021/nn9005973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The rate of expansion of nanomaterials calls for the consideration of appropriate toxicological paradigms in the safety assessment of nanomaterials. We advocate a predictive toxicological paradigm for the assessment of nanomaterial hazards. The predictive toxicological approach is defined as establishing and using mechanisms and pathways of injury at a cellular and molecular level to prioritize screening for adverse biological effects and health outcomes in vivo. Specifically as it relates to nanomaterials, a predictive approach has to consider the physicochemical properties of the material that leads to molecular or cellular injury and also has to be valid in terms of disease pathogenesis in whole organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Meng
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
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2234
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Yang Q, Liang J, Han H. Probing the Interaction of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles with Bovine Serum Albumin by Spectroscopic Techniques. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:10454-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp904004w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Yang
- College of Science, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Biology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangong Liang
- College of Science, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Biology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Heyou Han
- College of Science, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Biology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People’s Republic of China
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2235
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Eby DM, Schaeublin NM, Farrington KE, Hussain SM, Johnson GR. Lysozyme catalyzes the formation of antimicrobial silver nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2009; 3:984-94. [PMID: 19344124 DOI: 10.1021/nn900079e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Hen egg white lysozyme acted as the sole reducing agent and catalyzed the formation of silver nanoparticles in the presence of light. Stable silver colloids formed after mixing lysozyme and silver acetate in methanol and the resulting nanoparticles were concentrated and transferred to aqueous solution without any significant changes in physical properties. Activity and antimicrobial assays demonstrated lysozyme-silver nanoparticles retained the hydrolase function of the enzyme and were effective in inhibiting growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus anthracis, and Candida albicans. Remarkably, lysozyme-silver nanoparticles demonstrated a strong antimicrobial effect against silver-resistant Proteus mirabilis strains and a recombinant E. coli strain containing the multiple antibiotic- and silver-resistant plasmid, pMG101. Results of toxicological studies using human epidermal keratinocytes revealed that lysozyme-silver nanoparticles are nontoxic at concentrations sufficient to inhibit microbial growth. Overall, the ability of lysozyme to assemble silver nanoparticles in a one-step reaction offers a simple and environmentally friendly approach to form stable colloids of nontoxic silver nanoparticles that combine the antimicrobial properties of lysozyme and silver. The results expand the functionality of nanomaterials for biological systems and represent a novel antimicrobial composite for potential aseptics and therapeutic use in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Matthew Eby
- Universal Technology Corporation, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, 139 Barnes Drive, Suite 2, Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida 32403, USA.
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2236
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Mahmoudi M, Simchi A, Milani AS, Stroeve P. Cell toxicity of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 336:510-8. [PMID: 19476952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2009] [Revised: 04/04/2009] [Accepted: 04/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The performance of nanoparticles for biomedical applications is often assessed by their narrow size distribution, suitable magnetic saturation and low toxicity effects. In this work, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with different size, shape and saturation magnetization levels were synthesized via a co-precipitation technique using ferrous salts with a Fe(3+)/Fe(2+) mole ratio equal to 2. A parametric study is conducted, based on a uniform design-of-experiments methodology and a critical polymer/iron mass ratio (r-ratio) for obtaining SPION with narrow size distribution, suitable magnetic saturation, and optimum biocompatibility is identified. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has been used as the nanoparticle coating material, owing to its low toxicity. A 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay is used to investigate the cell biocompatibility/toxicity effects of the samples. From the MTT assay results, it is observed that the biocompatibility of the nanoparticles, based on cell viabilities, can be enhanced by increasing the r-ratio, regardless of the stirring rate. This effect is mainly due to the growth of the particle hydrodynamic size, causing lower cell toxicity effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mahmoudi
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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2237
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Pan M, Li M, You C, Zhao F, Guo M, Xu H, Li L, Wang L, Dou J. [Relaxing of unity and membership democracy in the Danish Nursing Council]. J Cell Physiol 1980; 235:1405-1416. [PMID: 31347176 PMCID: PMC6899543 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer patients with high expression of aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) cell population have higher tolerability to chemotherapy since the cells posses a characteristic of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) that are resistant to conventional chemotherapy. In this study, we found that the ALDH‐positive cells were higher in CD44+CD24− and CD44+CD24−ESA+BCSCs than that in both BT549 and MDA‐MB‐231 cell lines but microRNA‐7 (miR‐7) level was lower in CD44+CD24− and CD44+CD24−ESA+BCSCs than that in MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Moreover, miR‐7 overexpression in MDA‐MB‐231 cells decreased ALDH1A3 activity by miR‐7 directly binding to the 3′‐untranslated region of ALDH1A3; while the ALDH1A3 expression was downregulated in MDA‐MB‐231 cells, the expressions of CD44 and Epithelium Specific Antigen (ESA) were reduced along with decreasing the BCSC subpopulation. Significantly, enforced expression of miR‐7 in CD44+CD24−ESA+BCSC markedly inhibited the BCSC‐driven xenograft growth in mice by decreasing an expression of ALDH1A3. Collectively, the findings demonstrate the miR‐7 inhibits breast cancer growth via suppressing ALDH1A3 activity concomitant with decreasing BCSC subpopulation. This approach may be considered for an investigation on clinical treatment of breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Pan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Judicial Identification, Jiangsu Province HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Chengzhong You
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Fengshu Zhao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Mei Guo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Zhongda Hospital, School of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Luoyang Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jun Dou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
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