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Cholko T, Chang CEA. Modeling Effects of Surface Properties and Probe Density for Nanoscale Biosensor Design: A Case Study of DNA Hybridization near Surfaces. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:1746-1754. [PMID: 33591751 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c09723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical biosensors have extremely robust applications while offering ease of preparation, miniaturization, and tunability. By adjusting the arrangement and properties of immobilized probes on the sensor surface to optimize target-probe association, one can design highly sensitive and efficient sensors. In electrochemical nucleic acid biosensors, a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) is widely used as a tunable surface with inserted DNA or RNA probes to detect target sequences. The effects of inhomogeneous probe distribution across surfaces are difficult to study experimentally due to inadequate resolution. Regions of high probe density may inhibit hybridization with targets, and the magnitude of the effect may vary depending on the hybridization mechanism on a given surface. Another fundamental question concerns diffusion and hybridization of DNA taking place on surfaces and whether it speeds up or hinders molecular recognition. We used all-atom Brownian dynamics simulations to help answer these questions by simulating the hybridization process of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) targets with a ssDNA probe on polar, nonpolar, and anionic SAMs at three different probe surface densities. Moreover, we simulated three tightly packed probe clusters by modeling clusters with different interprobe spacing on two different surfaces. Our results indicate that hybridization efficiency depends strongly on finding a balance that allows attractive forces to steer target DNA toward probes without anchoring it to the surface. Furthermore, we found that the hybridization rate becomes severely hindered when interprobe spacing is less than or equal to the target DNA length, proving the need for a careful design to both enhance target-probe association and avoid steric hindrance. We developed a general kinetic model to predict hybridization times and found that it works accurately for typical probe densities. These findings elucidate basic features of nanoscale biosensors, which can aid in rational design efforts and help explain trends in experimental hybridization rates at different probe densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Cholko
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92507, United States
| | - Chia-En A Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92507, United States
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202
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Liu Y, Yang J, Wang K, Duan F, Lu L. Carrier-Free Immobilization of α-Galactosidase as Nano-Biocatalysts for Synthesizing Prebiotic α-Galacto-Oligosaccharides. Molecules 2021; 26:1248. [PMID: 33669157 PMCID: PMC7956481 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Galacto-oligosaccharides (α-GOSs) have great functions as prebiotics and therapeutics. This work established the method of batch synthesis of α-GOSs by immobilized α-galactosidase for the first time, laying a foundation for industrial applications in the future. The α-galactosidase from Aspergillus niger L63 was immobilized as cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) nano-biocatalyst through enzyme precipitating and cross-linking steps without using carriers. Among the tested agents, the ammonium sulfate showed high precipitation efficacy and induced regular structures of α-galactosidase CLEAs (Aga-CLEAs) that had been analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Through optimization by response surface methodology, the ammonium sulfate-induced Aga-CLEAs achieved a high activity recovery of around 90% at 0.55 U/mL of enzymes and 36.43 mM glutaraldehyde with cross-linking for 1.71 h. Aga-CLEAs showed increased thermal stability and organic solvent tolerance. The storage ability was also improved since it maintained 74.5% activity after storing at 4 °C for three months, significantly higher than that of the free enzyme (21.6%). Moreover, Aga-CLEAs exhibited excellent reusability in the α-GOSs synthesis from galactose, retaining above 66% of enzyme activity after 10 batch reactions, with product yields all above 30%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lili Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China; (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (K.W.); (F.D.)
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203
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Fu X, Xu M, Li T, Li Y, Zhang H, Zhang C. The Improved Expression and Stability of Zearalenone Lactonohydrolase from Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683821010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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204
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Decarpigny C, Bleta R, Ponchel A, Monflier E. Oxidation of 2,5-diformfylfuran to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid catalyzed by Candida antarctica Lipase B immobilized in a cyclodextrin-templated mesoporous silica. The critical role of pore characteristics on the catalytic performance. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 200:111606. [PMID: 33601112 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Porous silica has been extensively used as suitable carrier for the immobilization of various enzymes. Randomly Methylated β-Cyclodextrin (RaMeβCD) has surface active properties and very high solubility in water and could therefore be used as template in the fabrication of silica particles with tunable pore size. EXPERIMENTS Silica particles were prepared by sol-gel process in alkaline medium with and without use of RaMeβCD. Lipase Bfrom Candida antarctica (CALB) was either incorporated within the pores of RaMeβCD-derived support or covalently attached on the surface of CD-free silica particles and its catalytic performance was assayed in the oxidation of 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF) to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). Enzymatic reactors were characterized by N2-adsorption analysis, small angle XRD, TG/DSC experiments, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, HR-TEM and LSCM, while reaction products were determined based on 1H NMR spectroscopy combined with HPLC. FINDINGS Results showed that the use of RaMeβCD as structure directing agent led to mesoporous silica composed of uniform 8 nm-sized particles with 11 nm-sized mesopores compatible with the dimensions of CALB (3.0 nm × 4.0 nm × 5.0 nm). Incorporation of CALB within the pores of RaMeβCD-derived silica caused almost a two-fold increase in specific activity after 7 h at 40 °C when compared to lipase immobilized on the surface of CD-free silica particles (33.2 μmol g-1 min-1vs. 14.4 μmol g-1 min-1). Moreover, the RaMeβCD-derived biocatalyst demonstrated enhanced operational stability during the recycling experiments, retaining more than 90% of its initial activity after five 24 h-reaction cycles. These findings open up new avenues for future research on the use of cyclodextrins in the development of enzyme-based nanoreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Decarpigny
- Univ. Artois, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Lille, UMR 8181-UCCS-Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-62300, Lens, France
| | - Rudina Bleta
- Univ. Artois, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Lille, UMR 8181-UCCS-Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-62300, Lens, France.
| | - Anne Ponchel
- Univ. Artois, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Lille, UMR 8181-UCCS-Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-62300, Lens, France
| | - Eric Monflier
- Univ. Artois, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Lille, UMR 8181-UCCS-Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-62300, Lens, France
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205
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Magnetic Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates of a Transpeptidase-Specialized Variant (N450D) of Bacillus licheniformis γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase: An Efficient and Stable Biocatalyst for l-Theanine Synthesis. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) catalyzes the transfer of glutathione’s γ-glutamyl group and related γ-glutamyl amides to water, amino acids or peptides, and utilizes a conserved Thr residue to process its own polypeptide chain into a large and a small subunit that then assemble to produce a catalytically competent enzyme. In this study, the magnetic cross-linked enzyme aggregates (mCLEAs) of a transpeptidase-specialized variant (N450D) of Bacillus licheniformis GGT were successfully prepared with optimized process parameters viz.1.25:1 (v/v) of isopropanol to N450D (0.3 mg/mL) ratio/0.02:1 (w/w) of enzyme to 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES)-coated magnetic nanoparticle ratio/20 mM of glutaraldehyde. The prepared magnetic nanoparticles and immobilized enzyme (N450D-mCLEAs) were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscope integrated with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FESEM/EDS), and superparamagnetic analysis. As compared with free enzyme, N450D-mCLEAs displayed significantly higher heat resistance at temperatures of 55 and 60 °C, and had a greater stability over a storage period of one month. The immobilized enzyme could also be reused for 10 consecutive biocatalytic cycles with no significant reduction in the percent yield of l-theanine. Conclusively, this immobilization strategy surely provides a meaningful glance of developing N450D-mediated biocatalysis for the production of physiologically important γ-glutamyl compounds.
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206
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Heble AY, Santelli J, Armstrong AM, Mattrey RF, Lux J. Catalase-Loaded Silica Nanoparticles Formulated via Direct Surface Modification as Potential Oxygen Generators for Hypoxia Relief. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:5945-5954. [PMID: 33497181 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes are biological catalysts that have many potential industrial and biomedical applications. However, the widespread use of enzymes in the industry has been limited by their instability and poor recovery. In biomedical applications, systemic administration of enzymes has faced two main challenges: limited bioactivity mostly due to rapid degradation by proteases and immunogenic activity, since most enzymes are from nonhuman sources. Herein, we propose a robust enzyme-encapsulation strategy to mitigate these limitations. Catalase (CAT) was encapsulated in nanoporous silica nanoparticles (CAT-SiNPs) by first chemically modifying the enzyme surface with a silica precursor, followed by silica growth and finally poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) conjugation. The formulation was carried out in mild aqueous conditions and yielded nanoparticles (NPs) with a mean diameter of 230 ± 10 nm and a concentration of 1.3 ± 0.8 × 1012 NPs/mL. CAT-SiNPs demonstrated high enzyme activity, optimal protection from proteolysis by proteinase K and trypsin, and excellent stability over time. In addition, a new electrochemical assay was developed to measure CAT activity in a rapid, simple, and accurate manner without interference from chromophore usually present in biological samples. Concentrations of 2.5 × 1010 to 80 × 1010 CAT-SiNPs/mL not only proved to be nontoxic in cell cultures using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay but also conferred cell protection when cells were exposed to 1 mM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Finally, the ability of CAT-SiNPs to release oxygen (O2) when exposed to H2O2 was demonstrated in vivo using a rat model. Following the direct injection of CAT-SiNPs in the left kidney, partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) increased by more than 30 mmHg compared to the contralateral control kidney during the systemic infusion of safe levels of H2O2. This pilot study highlights the potential of CAT-SiNPs to generate O2 to relieve hypoxia in tissues and potentially sensitize tumors against radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Y Heble
- Department of Radiology, Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Organic Chemistry Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Julien Santelli
- Department of Radiology, Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Amanda M Armstrong
- Department of Radiology, Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Robert F Mattrey
- Department of Radiology, Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Jacques Lux
- Department of Radiology, Translational Research in Ultrasound Theranostics (TRUST) Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Organic Chemistry Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
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207
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Abstract
Because of environmental concerns, there is a growing interest in new ways to produce green energy. Among the several studied applications, enzymatic biofuel cells can be considered as a promising solution to generate electricity from biological catalytic reactions. Indeed, enzymes show very good results as biocatalysts thanks to their excellent intrinsic properties, such as specificity toward substrate, high catalytic activity with low overvoltage for substrate conversion, mild operating conditions like ambient temperature and near-neutral pH. Furthermore, enzymes present low cost, renewability and biodegradability. The wide range of applications moves from miniaturized portable electronic equipment and sensors to integrated lab-on-chip power supplies, advanced in vivo diagnostic medical devices to wearable devices. Nevertheless, enzymatic biofuel cells show great concerns in terms of long-term stability and high power output nowadays, highlighting that this particular technology is still at early stage of development. The main aim of this review concerns the performance assessment of enzymatic biofuel cells based on flow designs, considered to be of great interest for powering biosensors and wearable devices. Different enzymatic flow cell designs are presented and analyzed highlighting the achieved performances in terms of power output and long-term stability and emphasizing new promising fabrication methods both for electrodes and cells.
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208
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Lee CH, Lee HS, Lee JW, Kim J, Lee JH, Jin ES, Hwang ET. Evaluating enzyme stabilizations in calcium carbonate: Comparing in situ and crosslinking mediated immobilization. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 175:341-350. [PMID: 33556395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme immobilization using inorganic materials has been shown to preserve enzyme activity improving and improve their practical applications in biocatalytic process designs. Proper immobilization methods have been used to obtain high recycling and storage stability. In this study, we compared the activity and stability of in situ or crosslink-immobilized enzymes in a CaCO3 biomineral carrier. More than 30% of the initial enzyme activity was preserved for both the systems after 180 days upon 15 activity measurements at room temperature, confirming the improved stability of these enzyme systems (100 mM phosphate buffer, pH 8.0); however, differences in enzyme loading, activity, and characteristics were observed for each of these methods. Each system exhibited efficacy of 80% and 20%, respectively. Based on the same amount of immobilized enzyme (0.2 mg), the specific activities of hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl butyrate substrate at room temperature of in situ immobilized carboxyl esterase (CE) and crosslinked CE were 11.37 and 7.63 mM min-1 mg-1, respectively (100 mM phosphate buffer, pH 8.0). Moreover, based on the kinetic behavior, in situ immobilized CE exhibited improved catalytic efficiency (Vmax Km-1) of the enzyme, exhibiting 4-fold higher activity and efficiency values than those of the CE immobilized in CaCO3. This is the first study to describe the stabilization of enzymes in CaCO3 and compare the enzyme kinetics and efficiencies between in situ immobilization and crosslinking in CaCO3 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Hee Lee
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Nature Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Center for Convergence Bioceramic Materials, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering & Technology, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Center for Convergence Bioceramic Materials, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering & Technology, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Lee
- Korea Conformity Laboratories, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangyong Kim
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jin Hyung Lee
- Center for Convergence Bioceramic Materials, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering & Technology, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Eon Seon Jin
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Nature Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ee Taek Hwang
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea.
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209
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Monteiro RR, Virgen-Ortiz JJ, Berenguer-Murcia Á, da Rocha TN, dos Santos JC, Alcántara AR, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Biotechnological relevance of the lipase A from Candida antarctica. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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210
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Chen R, Huang WC, Wang W, Mao X. Characterization of TEMPO-oxidized chitin nanofibers with various oxidation times and its application as an enzyme immobilization support. MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 3:85-93. [PMID: 37073388 PMCID: PMC10064359 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-020-00054-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Chitin nanofibers have recently received increased attention and are considered to be a promising material for a wide range of applications because of their excellent characteristics. In this study, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-oxidized chitin nanofibers (CNFs) with various oxidation times were prepared and characterized. CNFs with different oxidation times were then utilized for enzyme immobilization, using chymotrypsin as a model enzyme. The effects of oxidation time on enzyme immobilization were explored. Results showed characteristics of chitin nanofibers can be controlled by adjusting oxidation time. CNFs treated with TEMPO for 360 min showed the lowest crystallinity (79.13 ± 1.43%), the shortest length (241.70 ± 74.61 nm), the largest width (12.67 ± 3.43 nm), and the highest transmittance (73.01% at 800 nm). The activity of immobilized enzymes and enzyme loading showed good correlation to the carboxylate content of CNFs. The enzyme efficiency based on CNFs and the content of carboxylate groups peaked at the oxidization time of 60 min. When the additional amount of chymotrypsins (CTs) was 500 or 2000 mg/g carrier, the highest loading amount of CTs was 307.17 ± 4.08 or 726.82 ± 12.05 mg/g carrier, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Wen-Can Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200 China
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211
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Xue L, Long J, Lu C, Li X, Xu X, Jin Z. Immobilization of polygalacturonase for the preparation of pectic oligosaccharides from mango peel wastes and assessment of their antibacterial activities. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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212
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Clarification of the pomegranate juice in a bioreactor packed by pectinase enzymes immobilized on the glass bead activated with polyaldehyde polysaccharides. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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213
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Immobilization of Thermostable β-Glucosidase and α-l-Rhamnosidase from Dictyoglomus thermophilum DSM3960 and Their Cooperated Biotransformation of Total Flavonoids Extract from Epimedium into Icaritin. Catal Letters 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-020-03522-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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214
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Zhang S, Bilal M, Zdarta J, Cui J, Kumar A, Franco M, Ferreira LFR, Iqbal HMN. Biopolymers and nanostructured materials to develop pectinases-based immobilized nano-biocatalytic systems for biotechnological applications. Food Res Int 2021; 140:109979. [PMID: 33648214 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pectinases are the emerging enzymes of the biotechnology industry with a 25% share in the worldwide food and beverage enzyme market. These are green and eco-friendly tools of nature and hold a prominent place among the commercially produced enzymes. Pectinases exhibit applications in various industrial bioprocesses, such as clarification of fruit juices and wine, degumming, and retting of plant fibers, extraction of antioxidants and oil, fermentation of tea/coffee, wastewater remediation, modification of pectin-laden agro-industrial waste materials for high-value products biosynthesis, manufacture of cellulose fibres, scouring, bleaching, and size reduction of fabric, cellulosic biomass pretreatment for bioethanol production, etc. Nevertheless, like other enzymes, pectinases also face the challenges of low operational stability, recoverability, and recyclability. To address the above-mentioned problems, enzyme immobilization has become an eminently promising approach to improve their thermal stability and catalytic characteristics. Immobilization facilitates easy recovery and recycling of the biocatalysts multiple times, leading to enhanced performance and commercial feasibility.In this review, we illustrate recent developments on the immobilization of pectinolytic enzymes using polymers and nanostructured materials-based carrier supports to constitute novel biocatalytic systems for industrial exploitability. The first section reviewed the immobilization of pectinases on polymers-based supports (ca-alginate, chitosan, agar-agar, hybrid polymers) as a host matrix to construct robust pectinases-based biocatalytic systems. The second half covers nanostructured supports (nano-silica, magnetic nanostructures, hybrid nanoflowers, dual-responsive polymeric nanocarriers, montmorillonite clay), and cross-linked enzyme aggregates for enzyme immobilization. The biotechnological applications of the resulted immobilized robust pectinases-based biocatalytic systems are also meticulously vetted. Finally, the concluding remarks and future recommendations are also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huai'an 223003, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, China.
| | - Jakub Zdarta
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jiandong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No 29, 13th, Avenue, Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area (TEDA), Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173 234, India
| | - Marcelo Franco
- Department of Exact and Technological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, 45654-370 Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Process Engineering, Tiradentes University, Murilo Dantas Avenue, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490 Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil; Institute of Technology and Research, Murilo Dantas Avenue, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490 Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.
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215
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Ogunbadejo B, Al-Zuhair S. MOFs as Potential Matrices in Cyclodextrin Glycosyltransferase Immobilization. Molecules 2021; 26:680. [PMID: 33525568 PMCID: PMC7869009 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) and their derivatives have attracted significant attention in the pharmaceutical, food, and textile industries, which has led to an increased demand for their production. CD is typically produced by the action of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) on starch. Owing to the relatively high cost of enzymes, the economic feasibility of the entire process strongly depends on the effective retention and recycling of CGTase in the reaction system, while maintaining its stability. CGTase enzymes immobilized on various supports such as porous glass beads or glyoxyl-agarose have been previously used to achieve this objective. Nevertheless, the attachment of biocatalysts on conventional supports is associated with numerous drawbacks, including enzyme leaching prominent in physical adsorption, reduced activity as a result of chemisorption, and increased mass transfer limitations. Recent reports on the successful utilization of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as supports for various enzymes suggest that CGTase could be immobilized for enhanced production of CDs. The three-dimensional microenvironment of MOFs could maintain the stability of CGTase while posing minimal diffusional limitations. Moreover, the presence of different functional groups on the surfaces of MOFs could provide multiple points for attachment of CGTase, thereby reducing enzyme loss through leaching. The present review focuses on the advantages MOFs can offer as support for CGTase immobilization as well as their potential for application in CD production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sulaiman Al-Zuhair
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, UAE;
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216
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Soy S, Prabha R, Kumar Nigam V. Potential of Biocatalysis in Pharmaceuticals. Mol Biotechnol 2021. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.90459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Biocatalysis has been continuously evolving as an essential tool which is playing a significant role in the industrial synthesis of chemicals, active pharmaceuticals, pharmaceutical intermediates, etc. where the high-yielding chemo-, regio-, and enantioselective reactions are needed. Despite its vital importance, industrial biocatalysis is facing certain limitations such as operational stability, economic viability, efficient recovery, and reusability. The limitations mentioned can be overcome by the isolation of specific enzyme producers from extreme environment by protein engineering, bioinformatics, and recombinant DNA technologies. Recently, chemoenzymatic pathway and biological cascade reactions have also been developed and designed to perform the synthesis of pharmaceuticals. In this chapter, we compile the broad applications of biocatalysts in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals.
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217
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Shen J, Qiao J, Qi L. Thermoresponsive Porous Polymer Membrane as a Switchable Enzyme Reactor for d-Amino Acid Oxidase Kinetics Study. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Juan Qiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Li Qi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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218
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Modification of Electrospun Regenerate Cellulose Nanofiber Membrane via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) Approach as Advanced Carrier for Laccase Immobilization. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13020182. [PMID: 33419168 PMCID: PMC7825495 DOI: 10.3390/polym13020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to modify an electrospun regenerated cellulose (RC) nanofiber membrane by surface grafting 2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) as a monomer via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), as well as investigate the effects of ATRP conditions (i.e., initiation and polymerization) on enzyme immobilization. Various characterizations including XPS, FTIR spectra, and SEM images of nanofiber membranes before and after monomer grafting verified that poly (DMAEMA) chains/brushes were successfully grafted onto the RC nanofiber membrane. The effect of different ATRP conditions on laccase immobilization was investigated, and the results indicated that the optimal initiation and monomer grafting times were 1 and 2 h, respectively. The highest immobilization amount was obtained from the RC-Br-1h-poly (DMAEMA)-2h membrane (95.04 ± 4.35 mg), which increased by approximately 3.3 times compared to the initial RC membrane (28.57 ± 3.95 mg). All the results suggested that the optimization of initiation and polymerization conditions is a key factor that affects the enzyme immobilization amount, and the surface modification of the RC membrane by ATRP is a promising approach to develop an advanced enzyme carrier with a high enzyme loading capacity.
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219
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Zhu Y, Han J, Wu J, Li Y, Wang L, Mao Y, Wang Y. A two-step method for the synthesis of magnetic immobilized cellulase with outstanding thermal stability and reusability. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj06037b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The cellulase electrostatically adsorbed on the surface of Fe3O4@C magnetic nanoparticles was embedded with silica to form the immobilized cellulase. The stability and reusability were greatly improved, while the synthesis process was simple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang
- China
| | - Juan Han
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang
- China
| | - Jiacong Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang
- China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Jingjiang College
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang
- China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang
- China
| | - Yanli Mao
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology
- Henan University of Urban Construction
- Pingdingshan
- China
| | - Yun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang
- China
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220
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Lipase-Catalyzed Kinetic Resolution of Alcohols as Intermediates for the Synthesis of Heart Rate Reducing Agent Ivabradine. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ivabradine (Corlanor®), is a chiral benzocycloalkane currently employed and commercialized for the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris and for the reduction in sinus tachycardia. The eutomer (S)-ivabradine is usually produced via chiral resolution of intermediates, by employing enantiopure auxiliary molecules or through preparative chiral HPLC separations. Recently, more sustainable biocatalytic approaches have been reported in literature for the preparation of the chiral amine precursor. In this work, we report on a novel biocatalyzed pathway, via a resolution study of a key alcohol intermediate used as a precursor of the chiral amine. After screening several enzymatic reaction conditions, employing different lipases and esterases both for the esterification and hydrolysis reactions, the best result was achieved with Pseudomonas cepacia Lipase and the final product was obtained in up to 96:4 enantiomeric ratio (e.r.) of an ivabradine alcohol precursor. This enantiomer was then efficiently converted into the desired amine in a facile three step synthetic sequence.
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221
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Heckmann CM, Paradisi F. Looking Back: A Short History of the Discovery of Enzymes and How They Became Powerful Chemical Tools. ChemCatChem 2020; 12:6082-6102. [PMID: 33381242 PMCID: PMC7756376 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic approaches to challenges in chemical synthesis are increasingly popular and very attractive to industry given their green nature and high efficiency compared to traditional methods. In this historical review we highlight the developments across several fields that were necessary to create the modern field of biocatalysis, with enzyme engineering and directed evolution at its core. We exemplify the modular, incremental, and highly unpredictable nature of scientific discovery, driven by curiosity, and showcase the resulting examples of cutting-edge enzymatic applications in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Heckmann
- School of Chemistry University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Francesca Paradisi
- School of Chemistry University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
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222
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Verma N, Saini R, Gahlaut A, Hooda V. Stabilization and optimization of purified diamine oxidase by immobilization onto activated PVC membrane. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2020.1833912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Verma
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Rajni Saini
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Anjum Gahlaut
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Vikas Hooda
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
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223
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Jin S, Liu L, Fan M, Jia Y, Zhou P. A Facile Strategy for Immobilizing GOD and HRP onto Pollen Grain and Its Application to Visual Detection of Glucose. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249529. [PMID: 33333754 PMCID: PMC7765182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pollen grain was explored as a new carrier for enzyme immobilization. After being modified with boric acid-functionalized titania, the pollen grain was able to covalently immobilize glycosylated enzymes by boronate affinity interaction under very mild experimental conditions (e.g., pH 7.0, ambient temperature and free of organic solvent). The glucose oxidase and horse radish peroxidase-immobilized pollen grain became a bienzyme system. The pollen grain also worked as an indicator of the cascade reaction by changing its color. A rapid, simple and cost-effective approach for the visual detection of glucose was then developed. When the glucose concentration exceeded 0.5 mM, the color change was observable by the naked eye. The assay of glucose in body fluid samples exhibited its great potential for practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanxia Jin
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China;
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (L.L.); (M.F.); (Y.J.)
| | - Liping Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (L.L.); (M.F.); (Y.J.)
| | - Mengying Fan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (L.L.); (M.F.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yaru Jia
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (L.L.); (M.F.); (Y.J.)
| | - Ping Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (L.L.); (M.F.); (Y.J.)
- Correspondence:
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224
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Study of Prepared α-Chymotrypsin as Enzyme Nanoparticles and of Biocatalytic Membrane Reactor. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10121454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocatalytic kinetic effect of α-chymotrypsin enzyme has been investigated in its free and pretreated forms (it was covered by a very thin, porous polymer layer, called enzyme nanoparticle) as well as its immobilized form into pores of polysulfone/polyamide asymmetric, hydrophilic membrane. Trimethoxysilyl and acrylamide-bisacrylamide polymers have been used for synthesis of enzyme nanoparticles. Applying Michaelis-Menten kinetics, the KM and vmax values of enzyme-polyacrylamide nanoparticles are about the same, as that of free enzyme. On the other hand, enzyme nanoparticles retain their activity 20–80 fold longer time period than that of the free enzyme, but their initial activity values are reduced to 13–55% of those of free enzymes, at 37 °C. Enzyme immobilized into asymmetric porous membrane layer remained active about 2.3-fold longer time period than that of native enzyme (at pH = 7.4 and at 23 °C), while its reaction rate was about 8-fold higher than that of free enzyme, measured in mixed tank reactor. The conversion degree of substrate was gradually decreased in presence of increasing convective flux of the inlet fluid phase. Biocatalytic membrane reactor has transformed 2.5 times more amount of substrate than the same amount of enzyme nanoparticles and 19 times more amount of substrate than free enzyme, measured in mixed tank reactor.
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225
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Courth K, Binsch M, Ali W, Ingenbosch K, Zorn H, Hoffmann-Jacobsen K, Gutmann JS, Opwis K. Immobilization of peroxidase on textile carrier materials and their application in the bleaching of colored whey. J Dairy Sci 2020; 104:1548-1559. [PMID: 33309341 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Textiles represent promising support materials for enzymes. The goal of the present work was to investigate the immobilization of commercial peroxidase on a polyester needle felt and the repeated use in the gentle degradation of norbixin in whey from dairy cheese as a practical application. High enzyme loads were obtained by a 2-step immobilization procedure. First, the number of functional groups on the textile surface was increased by a modification with amino-functional polyvinylamine. Second, the enzyme was immobilized by using 2 types of crosslinking agents. Due to the iron content of peroxidase, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry was used for the quantitative determination of the enzyme load on the textile. The enzyme activity was evaluated using common 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assay for peroxidases. By the variation of enzyme input and crosslinker concentration, a maximal enzyme load of 80 mg/g of textile was achieved, and a maximum specific activity of 57 U/g of textile. For the visualization of the enzyme on the fiber surface, fluorescence microscopy as well as scanning probe microscopy were used. The immobilized peroxidase showed significant activity, even after 50 reuse cycles. In addition, the potential of the new support and enzyme combination in commercial whey bleaching was demonstrated successfully on a 10-L scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Courth
- Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West gGmbH, 47798 Krefeld, Germany
| | - M Binsch
- Justus Liebig University, Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - W Ali
- Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West gGmbH, 47798 Krefeld, Germany; University Duisburg-Essen, Institute of Physical Chemistry and CENIDE (Center for Nanointegration), 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - K Ingenbosch
- Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Krefeld, Germany
| | - H Zorn
- Justus Liebig University, Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - K Hoffmann-Jacobsen
- Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Krefeld, Germany
| | - J S Gutmann
- Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West gGmbH, 47798 Krefeld, Germany; University Duisburg-Essen, Institute of Physical Chemistry and CENIDE (Center for Nanointegration), 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - K Opwis
- Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West gGmbH, 47798 Krefeld, Germany.
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226
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Wang H, Hou W, Liu Y, Liu L, Zhao H. Janus Surface Micelles on Silica Particles: Synthesis and Application in Enzyme Immobilization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000589. [PMID: 33270313 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In these years, synthesis and applications of Janus structures have aroused great interest for large-scale applications in chemistry and materials science. Up to now, Janus particles with different morphologies and different functionalities have been synthesized in solutions, but the synthesis of Janus particles on solid surfaces has not been touched. In this research, Janus surface micelles (JSMs) are fabricated on the surfaces of silica particles by polymerization induced surface self-assembly (PISSA) approach, and the JSMs are used for enzyme immobilization. Usually, enzyme immobilization should be able to optimize the performance of the immobilized enzymes, and an ideal immobilization system must offer protection to the immobilized enzyme with retained bioactivity. Herein, it is demonstrated that JSMs on silica particles can be used as an ideal platform for the immobilization of enzymes. To prepare JSMs, poly(2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate) macro chain transfer agent (PDMAEMA-CTA) brushes on silica particles and poly(di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) macro CTA (PDEGMA-CTA) are employed in reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer dispersion polymerization of styrene. After polymerization, JSMs with polystyrene cores and PDMAEMA/PDEGMA patches on the surfaces are prepared on silica particles. After quaternization reaction, the quaternized PDMAEMA patches are used for the immobilization of enzymes. Experimental results turn out that enhanced bioactivities of the immobilized enzymes are achieved and the enzyme molecules are well protected by surface Janus structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Wangmeng Hou
- Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yingze Liu
- Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Li Liu
- Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hanying Zhao
- Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300071, China
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227
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Developing an interesting electrochemical biosensing system from an enzyme inhibition study: Binding, inhibition and determination of catalase by ascorbate. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2020.100383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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228
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Electrochemically synthesized superhydrophilic 3D tree-like Ag microstructure for ultrasensitive detection of omethoate. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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229
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Make proper surfaces for immobilization of enzymes: Immobilization of lipase and α-amylase on modified Na-sepiolite. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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230
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Purification and identification of novel alkaline pectinase PNs31 from Bacillus subtilis CBS31 and its immobilization for bioindustrial applications. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-020-0648-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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231
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Ashkan Z, Hemmati R, Homaei A, Dinari A, Jamlidoost M, Tashakor A. Immobilization of enzymes on nanoinorganic support materials: An update. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 168:708-721. [PMID: 33232698 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite the widespread use in various industries, enzyme's instability and non-reusability limit their applications which can be overcome by immobilization. The nature of the enzyme's support material and method of immobilization affect activity, stability, and kinetics properties of enzymes. Here, we report a comparative study of the effects of inorganic support materials on immobilized enzymes. Accordingly, immobilization of enzymes on nanoinorganic support materials significantly improved thermal and pH stability. Furthermore, immobilizations of enzymes on the materials mainly increased Km values while decreased the Vmax values of enzymes. Immobilized enzymes on nanoinorganic support materials showed the increase in ΔG value, and decrease in both ΔH and ΔS values. In contrast to weak physical adsorption immobilization, covalently-bound and multipoint-attached immobilized enzymes do not release from the support surface to contaminate the product and thus the cost is decreased while the product quality is increased. Nevertheless, nanomaterials can enter the environment and increase health and environmental risks and should be used cautiously. Altogether, it can be predicated that hybrid support materials, directed immobilization methods, site-directed mutagenesis, recombinant fusion protein technology, green nanomaterials and trailor-made supports will be used increasingly to produce more efficient immobilized industrial enzymes in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ashkan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Sharekord, Iran
| | - Roohullah Hemmati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Sharekord, Iran; Biotechnology Research Institute, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Homaei
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ali Dinari
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran
| | - Marzieh Jamlidoost
- Department of Virology, Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Amin Tashakor
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland; School of Pharmacy and Bimolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
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232
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Miguel S, Legrand G, Duriot L, Delporte M, Menin B, Michel C, Olry A, Chataigné G, Salwinski A, Bygdell J, Vercaigne D, Wingsle G, Hilbert JL, Bourgaud F, Hehn A, Gagneul D. A GDSL lipase-like from Ipomoea batatas catalyzes efficient production of 3,5-diCQA when expressed in Pichia pastoris. Commun Biol 2020; 3:673. [PMID: 33188250 PMCID: PMC7666189 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01387-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,5-DiCQA) has attracted the interest of many researchers for more than 30 years. Recently, enzymes belonging to the BAHD acyltransferase family were shown to mediate its synthesis, albeit with notably low efficiency. In this study, a new enzyme belonging to the GDSL lipase-like family was identified and proven to be able to transform chlorogenic acid (5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 5-CQA, CGA) in 3,5-DiCQA with a conversion rate of more than 60%. The enzyme has been produced in different expression systems but has only been shown to be active when transiently synthesized in Nicotiana benthamiana or stably expressed in Pichia pastoris. The synthesis of the molecule could be performed in vitro but also by a bioconversion approach beginning from pure 5-CQA or from green coffee bean extract, thereby paving the road for producing it on an industrial scale. Miguel et al. identify a new enzyme belonging to the GDSL lipase-like family that is involved in the final stage of transformation of 5-CQA into 3,5-diCQA. This enzyme is able to realize an efficient transformation by over 60%, making the transformation process a valuable technological tool that can be easily transferred on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sissi Miguel
- Plant Advanced Technologies, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Guillaume Legrand
- UMR Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro N° 1158, Univ. Lille, INRAE, Univ. Liège, UPJV, ISA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ICV - Institut Charles Viollette, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Léonor Duriot
- Plant Advanced Technologies, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Marianne Delporte
- UMR Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro N° 1158, Univ. Lille, INRAE, Univ. Liège, UPJV, ISA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ICV - Institut Charles Viollette, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Barbara Menin
- Université de Lorraine-INRAE, LAE, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Cindy Michel
- Plant Advanced Technologies, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | | | - Gabrielle Chataigné
- UMR Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro N° 1158, Univ. Lille, INRAE, Univ. Liège, UPJV, ISA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ICV - Institut Charles Viollette, 59000, Lille, France
| | | | - Joakim Bygdell
- Chemistry Department, Umeå University, 90183, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Dominique Vercaigne
- UMR Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro N° 1158, Univ. Lille, INRAE, Univ. Liège, UPJV, ISA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ICV - Institut Charles Viollette, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Gunnar Wingsle
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jean Louis Hilbert
- UMR Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro N° 1158, Univ. Lille, INRAE, Univ. Liège, UPJV, ISA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ICV - Institut Charles Viollette, 59000, Lille, France
| | | | - Alain Hehn
- Université de Lorraine-INRAE, LAE, 54000, Nancy, France.
| | - David Gagneul
- UMR Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro N° 1158, Univ. Lille, INRAE, Univ. Liège, UPJV, ISA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ICV - Institut Charles Viollette, 59000, Lille, France.
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233
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Nagy F, Gyujto I, Tasnádi G, Barna B, Balogh-Weiser D, Faber K, Poppe L, Hall M. Design and application of a bi-functional redox biocatalyst through covalent co-immobilization of ene-reductase and glucose dehydrogenase. J Biotechnol 2020; 323:246-253. [PMID: 32891641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
An immobilized bi-functional redox biocatalyst was designed for the asymmetric reduction of alkenes by nicotinamide-dependent ene-reductases. The biocatalyst, which consists of co-immobilized ene-reductase and glucose dehydrogenase, was implemented in biotransformations in the presence of glucose as source of reducing equivalents and catalytic amounts of the cofactor. Enzyme co-immobilization employing glutaraldehyde activated Relizyme HA403/M as support material was performed directly from the crude cell-free extract obtained after protein overexpression in E. coli and cell lysis, avoiding enzyme purification steps. The resulting optimum catalyst showed excellent level of activity and stereoselectivity in asymmetric reduction reactions using either OYE3 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae or NCR from Zymomonas mobilis in the presence of organic cosolvents in up to 20 vol%. The bi-functional redox biocatalyst, which demonstrated remarkable reusability over several cycles, was applied in preparative-scale synthesis at 50 mM substrate concentration and provided access to three industrially relevant chiral compounds in high enantiopurity (ee up to 97 %) and in up to 42 % isolated yield. The present method highlights the potential of (co-)immobilization of ene-reductases, notorious for their poor scalability, and complements the few existing methods available for increasing productivity in asymmetric bioreduction reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flóra Nagy
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Imre Gyujto
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Tasnádi
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Austria; Department of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Bence Barna
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Diána Balogh-Weiser
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kurt Faber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - László Poppe
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111 Budapest, Hungary; Biocatalysis and Biotransformation Research Center, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Babes-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, Arany János str. 11, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Mélanie Hall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria; Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Austria.
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234
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AZHAR I, LIU X, HE HY, QU QS, YANG L. A Syringe-Filter-based Portable Microreactor for Size-selective Proteolysis of Low Molecular-weight Proteins. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(20)60061-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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235
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Zhang Y, Ren W, Zhao Q, Lv K, Sun Y, Gao X, Wang F, Liu J. One-pot three-step enzymatic ROP in situ to form polycaprolactone from cyclohexanone: Optimizing and kinetic modeling. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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236
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Buaki-Sogó M, García-Carmona L, Gil-Agustí M, Zubizarreta L, García-Pellicer M, Quijano-López A. Enzymatic Glucose-Based Bio-batteries: Bioenergy to Fuel Next-Generation Devices. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2020; 378:49. [PMID: 33125588 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-020-00312-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This article consists of a review of the main concepts and paradigms established in the field of biological fuel cells or biofuel cells. The aim is to provide an overview of the current panorama, basic concepts, and methodologies used in the field of enzymatic biofuel cells, as well as the applications of these bio-systems in flexible electronics and implantable or portable devices. Finally, the challenges needing to be addressed in the development of biofuel cells capable of supplying power to small size devices with applications in areas related to health and well-being or next-generation portable devices are analyzed. The aim of this study is to contribute to biofuel cell technology development; this is a multidisciplinary topic about which review articles related to different scientific areas, from Materials Science to technology applications, can be found. With this article, the authors intend to reach a wide readership in order to spread biofuel cell technology for different scientific profiles and boost new contributions and developments to overcome future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Buaki-Sogó
- Instituto Tecnológico de la Energía (ITE), Avenida Juan de la Cierva, 24, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Laura García-Carmona
- Instituto Tecnológico de la Energía (ITE), Avenida Juan de la Cierva, 24, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mayte Gil-Agustí
- Instituto Tecnológico de la Energía (ITE), Avenida Juan de la Cierva, 24, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Leire Zubizarreta
- Instituto Tecnológico de la Energía (ITE), Avenida Juan de la Cierva, 24, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta García-Pellicer
- Instituto Tecnológico de la Energía (ITE), Avenida Juan de la Cierva, 24, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alfredo Quijano-López
- ITE Universitat Politécnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n edificio 6C, 46022, Valencia, Spain
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237
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Lin J, Zhong C, Lu Q, Lin Z. Room‐Temperature Synthesis of Trypsin‐Inorganic Hybrid Nanocomposites for Fast and Efficient Protein Digestion. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lin
- Department of Cardiology Fujian Provincial Governmental Hospital Fuzhou 350003 China
| | - Chao Zhong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fujian 350116 China
| | - Qiaomei Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fujian 350116 China
| | - Zian Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fujian 350116 China
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238
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Lopreside A, Calabretta MM, Montali L, Zangheri M, Guardigli M, Mirasoli M, Michelini E. Bioluminescence goes portable: recent advances in whole-cell and cell-free bioluminescence biosensors. LUMINESCENCE 2020; 36:278-293. [PMID: 32945075 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent advancements in synthetic biology, organic chemistry, and computational models have allowed the application of bioluminescence in several fields, ranging from well established methods for detecting microbial contamination to in vivo imaging to track cancer and stem cells, from cell-based assays to optogenetics. Moreover, thanks to recent technological progress in miniaturized and sensitive light detectors, such as photodiodes and imaging sensors, it is possible to implement laboratory-based assays, such as cell-based and enzymatic assays, into portable analytical devices for point-of-care and on-site applications. This review highlights some recent advances in the development of whole-cell and cell-free bioluminescence biosensors with a glance on current challenges and different strategies that have been used to turn bioassays into biosensors with the required analytical performance. Critical issues and unsolved technical problems are also highlighted, to give the reader a taste of this fascinating and challenging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Lopreside
- Department of Chemistry 'Giacomo Ciamician', University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Laura Montali
- Department of Chemistry 'Giacomo Ciamician', University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Zangheri
- Department of Chemistry 'Giacomo Ciamician', University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Guardigli
- Department of Chemistry 'Giacomo Ciamician', University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Centre for Renewable Sources, Environment, Sea and Energy (CIRI FRAME), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Sant'Alberto 163, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Mara Mirasoli
- Department of Chemistry 'Giacomo Ciamician', University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Centre for Renewable Sources, Environment, Sea and Energy (CIRI FRAME), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Sant'Alberto 163, Ravenna, Italy.,INBB, Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Via Medaglie d'Oro, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Michelini
- Department of Chemistry 'Giacomo Ciamician', University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Centre for Renewable Sources, Environment, Sea and Energy (CIRI FRAME), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Sant'Alberto 163, Ravenna, Italy.,Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 41/E 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
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239
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Chen Y, Jiménez-Ángeles F, Qiao B, Krzyaniak MD, Sha F, Kato S, Gong X, Buru CT, Chen Z, Zhang X, Gianneschi NC, Wasielewski MR, Olvera de la Cruz M, Farha OK. Insights into the Enhanced Catalytic Activity of Cytochrome c When Encapsulated in a Metal–Organic Framework. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:18576-18582. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Felipe Jiménez-Ángeles
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Baofu Qiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Matthew D. Krzyaniak
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
- Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Fanrui Sha
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Satoshi Kato
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Xinyi Gong
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN), Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Cassandra T. Buru
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Zhijie Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Nathan C. Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN), Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
- Simpson Querrey Institute and Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN), Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
- Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Monica Olvera de la Cruz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Omar K. Farha
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN), Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
- Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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240
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Gennari A, Führ AJ, Volpato G, Volken de Souza CF. Magnetic cellulose: Versatile support for enzyme immobilization - A review. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 246:116646. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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241
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Norris JL, Patel T, Dasari AK, Cope TA, Lim KH, Hughes RM. Covalent and non-covalent strategies for the immobilization of Tobacco Etch Virus protease (TEVp) on superparamagnetic nanoparticles. J Biotechnol 2020; 322:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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242
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Immobilization of Purified Pectin Lyase from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus onto Magnetic Carboxymethyl Cellulose Nanoparticles and Its Usability in Food Industry. J CHEM-NY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/4791408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An important component of the pectinase enzyme complex is pectin lyase (polymethylgalacturonate lyase; EC 4.2.2.10). In this study, extracellular pectin lyase enzyme was produced from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus bacteria. Pectin lyase was then purified using three-phase precipitation (TPP) technique with 25.5% yield. The pectin lyase was immobilized covalently via the L-glutaraldehyde spacer to the carboxymethyl cellulose. The immobilized pectin lyase was magnetized using Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Purified pectin lyase was connected to magnetized support material after 90 min at the rate of 80%. The most appropriate immobilization conditions were determined as pH 8 and 30°C. By characterizing the free and immobilized enzyme, KM, Vmax, and optimum pH and optimum temperature values were determined. It was optimum pH 8 and temperature 50°C for both free and immobilized pectin lyase. The structural characterization of the immobilized pectin lyase modified with Fe3O4 nanoparticles was carried out by SEM, FT-IR, and XRD chromatographic analyses. At the end of the study, free and immobilized enzymes were used for purification of some fruit juices and results were compared.
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243
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Ghobashy MM, El‐Damhougy BK, El‐Wahab HA, Madani M, Amin MA, Naser AEM, Abdelhai F, Nady N, Meganid AS, Alkhursani SA, Alshangiti DM. Controlling radiation degradation of a
CMC
solution to optimize the swelling of acrylic acid hydrogel as water and fertilizer carriers. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mohamady Ghobashy
- Radiation Research of Polymer Chemistry Department National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority Cairo Egypt
| | | | | | - Mohamed Madani
- College of Science and Humanities ‐ Jubail Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Jubail Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Amin
- Department of Botany and Microbiology Faculty of Science, Al‐Azhar University Cairo Egypt
| | | | - Farag Abdelhai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Al‐Azhar University Cairo Egypt
| | - Norhan Nady
- City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA‐city) Alexandria Egypt
| | - Abeer S. Meganid
- College of Science and Humanities ‐ Jubail Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Jubail Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikha A. Alkhursani
- College of Science and Humanities ‐ Jubail Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Jubail Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalal M. Alshangiti
- College of Science and Humanities ‐ Jubail Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Jubail Saudi Arabia
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244
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Rapson TD, Gregg CM, Allen RS, Ju H, Doherty CM, Mulet X, Giddey S, Wood CC. Insights into Nitrogenase Bioelectrocatalysis for Green Ammonia Production. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:4856-4865. [PMID: 32696610 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in using ammonia as a liquid carrier of hydrogen for energy applications. Currently, ammonia is produced industrially by the Haber-Bosch process, which requires high temperature and high pressure. In contrast, bacteria have naturally evolved an enzyme known as nitrogenase, that is capable of producing ammonia and hydrogen at ambient temperature and pressure. Therefore, nitrogenases are attractive as a potentially more efficient means to produce ammonia via harnessing the unique properties of this enzyme. In recent years, exciting progress has been made in bioelectrocatalysis using nitrogenases to produce ammonia. Here, the prospects for developing biological ammonia production are outlined, key advances in bioelectrocatalysis by nitrogenases are highlighted, and possible solutions to the obstacles faced in realising this goal are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor D Rapson
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Black Mountain, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | | | - Robert S Allen
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Black Mountain, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - HyungKuk Ju
- CSIRO Energy, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, 3169, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cara M Doherty
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, 3169, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xavier Mulet
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, 3169, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarbjit Giddey
- CSIRO Energy, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, 3169, Victoria, Australia
| | - Craig C Wood
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Black Mountain, ACT, 2601, Australia
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245
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Ur Rehman H, Nawaz MA, Pervez S, Jamal M, Attaullah M, Aman A, Ul Qader SA. Encapsulation of pectinase within polyacrylamide gel: characterization of its catalytic properties for continuous industrial uses. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04578. [PMID: 32885065 PMCID: PMC7453123 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pectinase as a biocatalyst play a significant role in food and textile industries. In this study, the pectinase was immobilized by encapsulation within polyacrylamide gel to enhance its catalytic properties and ensure the reusability for continuous industrial processes. 9.5% acrylamide and 0.5% N, N′- methylenebisacrylamide concentration gave high percentage of pectinase immobilization yield within gel. The catalytic properties of immobilized pectinase was determined with comparison of soluble pectinase. The immobilization of pectinase within polyacrylamide gel didn't effect catalytic properties of pectinase and both the free and immobilized pectinase showed maximum pectinolytic activity at 45 °C and pH 10. The Michaelis-Menten kinetic behavior of pectinase was slightly changed after immobilization and immobilized pectinase showed somewhat higher Km and lower Vmax value as compared to soluble pectinase. Polyacrylamide gel encapsulation enhanced the thermal stability of pectinase and encapsulated pectinase showed higher thermal stability against various temperature ranging from ranging from 30 °C to 50 °C as compared free pectinase. Furthermore, the surface topography of polyacrylamide gel was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and it was observed that the surface topography of polyacrylamide gel was changed after encapsulation. The encapsulation of pectinase within polyacrylamide gel enhanced the possibility of reutilization of pectinase in various industries and pectinase retained more than 50% of its initial activity even after seven batch of reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneef Ur Rehman
- Department of Natural and Basic Science, University of Turbat, Kech, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Nawaz
- Department of Biotechnology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir (Upper), Kyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Pervez
- Department of Biochemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhsin Jamal
- Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Attaullah
- Department of Zoology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, KhyberPakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Afsheen Aman
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE) University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shah Ali Ul Qader
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
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246
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Gou Z, Ma NL, Zhang W, Lei Z, Su Y, Sun C, Wang G, Chen H, Zhang S, Chen G, Sun Y. Innovative hydrolysis of corn stover biowaste by modified magnetite laccase immobilized nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 188:109829. [PMID: 32798948 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Intensive studies have been performed on the improvement of bioethanol production by transformation of lignocellulose biomass. In this study, the digestibility of corn stover was dramatically improved by using laccase immobilized on Cu2+ modified recyclable magnetite nanoparticles, Fe3O4-NH2. After digestion, the laccase was efficiently separated from slurry. The degradation rate of lignin reached 40.76%, and the subsequent cellulose conversion rate 38.37% for 72 h at 35 °C with cellulase at 50 U g-1 of corn stover. Compared to those of free and inactivated mode, the immobilized laccase pre-treatment increased subsequent cellulose conversion rates by 23.98% and 23.34%, respectively. Moreover, the reusability of immobilized laccase activity remained 50% after 6 cycles. The storage and thermal stability of the fixed laccase enhanced by 70% and 24.1% compared to those of free laccase at 65 °C, pH 4.5, respectively. At pH 10.5, it exhibited 16.3% more activities than its free mode at 35 °C. Our study provides a new avenue for improving the production of bioethanol with immobilized laccase for delignification using corn stover as the starting material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zechang Gou
- Key Laboratory of Straw Biology and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, JiLin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130000, JiLin, China; Innovation Platform of Straw Comprehensive Utilization Technology in Jilin Province, Changchun, 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Nyuk Ling Ma
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, University Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, China
| | - Wenqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Straw Biology and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, JiLin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130000, JiLin, China; Innovation Platform of Straw Comprehensive Utilization Technology in Jilin Province, Changchun, 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Zhipeng Lei
- Key Laboratory of Straw Biology and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, JiLin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130000, JiLin, China; Innovation Platform of Straw Comprehensive Utilization Technology in Jilin Province, Changchun, 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Yingjie Su
- Key Laboratory of Straw Biology and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, JiLin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130000, JiLin, China; Innovation Platform of Straw Comprehensive Utilization Technology in Jilin Province, Changchun, 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Chunyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Straw Biology and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, JiLin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130000, JiLin, China; Innovation Platform of Straw Comprehensive Utilization Technology in Jilin Province, Changchun, 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Straw Biology and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, JiLin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130000, JiLin, China; Innovation Platform of Straw Comprehensive Utilization Technology in Jilin Province, Changchun, 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Straw Biology and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, JiLin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130000, JiLin, China; Innovation Platform of Straw Comprehensive Utilization Technology in Jilin Province, Changchun, 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Sitong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Straw Biology and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, JiLin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130000, JiLin, China; Innovation Platform of Straw Comprehensive Utilization Technology in Jilin Province, Changchun, 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Straw Biology and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, JiLin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130000, JiLin, China; Innovation Platform of Straw Comprehensive Utilization Technology in Jilin Province, Changchun, 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Straw Biology and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, JiLin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130000, JiLin, China; Innovation Platform of Straw Comprehensive Utilization Technology in Jilin Province, Changchun, 130000, Jilin, China.
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247
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Abdelhamid MA, Meligy AM, Yeo KB, Lee CS, Pack SP. Silaffin-3-derived pentalysine cluster as a new fusion tag for one-step immobilization and purification of recombinant Bacillus subtilis catalase on bare silica particles. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 159:1103-1112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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248
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Vaz RP, Vici AC, Teixeira de Moraes Polizeli MDL, Magalhães PO, Filho EXF. Immobilization studies of a pectinase produced by Aspergillus terreus. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 68:197-208. [PMID: 32770865 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus terreus can produce different holocellulose-degrading enzymes when grown in sugarcane bagasse, with predominant pectinase activity. Thus, pectinase was selected for purification and immobilization studies. Ion exchange and molecular exclusion chromatography studies were performed, after which it was possible to semipurify the enzyme with a yield of 80%. The crude extract pectinase (PECEB) and the partially purified enzyme (PEC2) were immobilized on monoamino-N-aminoethyl (MANAE)-agarose with pectinase activity yields of 66% and 98%, respectively. After immobilization in MANAE-agarose, the pectinase showed higher activity at acidic pH (pH 4.0) when compared to the nonimmobilized enzyme. It was also found that after the immobilization process, there was a threefold improvement in the enzyme's thermostability. Also, it was possible to reuse the immobilized enzyme for up to five cycles of hydrolysis with effective production of reducing sugars (0.196 mg/g of substrate). The industrial application test revealed a significant decrease in the viscosity of guava juice when the immobilized enzyme was used. PECEB, immobilized on MANAE-agarose, was the enzyme sample that generated the highest pulp viscosity reduction (approximately 47%). Although additional studies are needed for practical industrial application, the results obtained herein reveal the potential of application of immobilized pectinase in the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raissa Pieroni Vaz
- Laboratory of Enzymology, Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Vici
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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249
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Applications of Bacillus subtilis Spores in Biotechnology and Advanced Materials. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.01096-20. [PMID: 32631858 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01096-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterium Bacillus subtilis has long been an important subject for basic studies. However, this organism has also had industrial applications due to its easy genetic manipulation, favorable culturing characteristics for large-scale fermentation, superior capacity for protein secretion, and generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status. In addition, as the metabolically dormant form of B. subtilis, its spores have attracted great interest due to their extreme resistance to many environmental stresses, which makes spores a novel platform for a variety of applications. In this review, we summarize both conventional and emerging applications of B. subtilis spores, with a focus on how their unique characteristics have led to innovative applications in many areas of technology, including generation of stable and recyclable enzymes, synthetic biology, drug delivery, and material sciences. Ultimately, this review hopes to inspire the scientific community to leverage interdisciplinary approaches using spores to address global concerns about food shortages, environmental protection, and health care.
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Wang Y, Zhang N, Tan D, Qi Z, Wu C. Facile Synthesis of Enzyme-Embedded Metal-Organic Frameworks for Size-Selective Biocatalysis in Organic Solvent. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:714. [PMID: 32733866 PMCID: PMC7358279 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In situ immobilization of enzyme into metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is performed through a one-step and facile method. Candida antarctica lipase B (CalB) is directly embedded in zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF)-8 by simply mixing an aqueous solution of 2-methylimidazole and zinc nitrate hexahydrate [Zn(NO3)2⋅6H2O] containing CalB at room temperature. Due to the intrinsic micropores of ZIF-8, the obtained CalB@ZIF composite is successfully applied in size-selective transesterification reaction in organic solvent. CalB@ZIF not only shows much higher catalytic activity but also exhibits higher thermal stability than free CalB. Besides, the robust ZIF-8 shell also offers the hybrid composites excellent reusability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangxin Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.,Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ningning Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Deming Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Zhenhui Qi
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Changzhu Wu
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Danish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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