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Wang P, Li H, Barde S, Zhang MD, Sun J, Wang T, Zhang P, Luo H, Wang Y, Yang Y, Wang C, Svenningsson P, Theodorsson E, Hökfelt TGM, Xu ZQD. Depression-like behavior in rat: Involvement of galanin receptor subtype 1 in the ventral periaqueductal gray. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E4726-35. [PMID: 27457954 PMCID: PMC4987783 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1609198113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuropeptide galanin coexists in rat brain with serotonin in the dorsal raphe nucleus and with noradrenaline in the locus coeruleus (LC), and it has been suggested to be involved in depression. We studied rats exposed to chronic mild stress (CMS), a rodent model of depression. As expected, these rats showed several endophenotypes relevant to depression-like behavior compared with controls. All these endophenotypes were normalized after administration of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. The transcripts for galanin and two of its receptors, galanin receptor 1 (GALR1) and GALR2, were analyzed with quantitative real-time PCR using laser capture microdissection in the following brain regions: the hippocampal formation, LC, and ventral periaqueductal gray (vPAG). Only Galr1 mRNA levels were significantly increased, and only in the latter region. After knocking down Galr1 in the vPAG with an siRNA technique, all parameters of the depressive behavioral phenotype were similar to controls. Thus, the depression-like behavior in rats exposed to CMS is likely related to an elevated expression of Galr1 in the vPAG, suggesting that a GALR1 antagonist could have antidepressant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Laboratory of Brain Disorders (Ministry of Science and Technology), Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Laboratory of Brain Disorders (Ministry of Science and Technology), Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Swapnali Barde
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ming-Dong Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Laboratory of Brain Disorders (Ministry of Science and Technology), Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Laboratory of Brain Disorders (Ministry of Science and Technology), Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Laboratory of Brain Disorders (Ministry of Science and Technology), Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hanjiang Luo
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Laboratory of Brain Disorders (Ministry of Science and Technology), Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Yutao Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Laboratory of Brain Disorders (Ministry of Science and Technology), Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Chuanyue Wang
- Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elvar Theodorsson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linkoping University, SE-58183 Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Tomas G M Hökfelt
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Zhi-Qing David Xu
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Laboratory of Brain Disorders (Ministry of Science and Technology), Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China;
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202
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Lin LY, Zhang J, Dai XM, Xiao NA, Wu XL, Wei Z, Fang WT, Zhu YG, Chen XC. Early-life stress leads to impaired spatial learning and memory in middle-aged ApoE4-TR mice. Mol Neurodegener 2016; 11:51. [PMID: 27406263 PMCID: PMC4941053 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-016-0107-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is a major lipid carrier that supports lipid transport and injury repair in the brain. The APOE ε4 allele is associated with depression, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia; however, the precise molecular mechanism through which ApoE4 influences the risk of disease development remains unknown. To address this gap in knowledge, we investigated the potential effects of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) on ApoE3 and ApoE4 target replacement (ApoE3-TR and ApoE4-TR) mice. Results All ApoE-TR mice exposed to CUMS at 3 months old recovered from a depression-like state by the age of 12 months. Of note, ApoE4-TR mice, unlike age-matched ApoE3-TR mice, displayed impaired spatial cognitive abilities, loss of GABAergic neurons, decreased expression of Reelin, PSD95, SYN and Fyn, and reduced phosphorylation of NMDAR2B and CREB. Conclusion These results suggest that early-life stress may mediate cognitive impairment in middle-age ApoE4-TR mice through sustained reduction of GABAergic neurons and Reelin expression, which might further diminish the activation of the Fyn/NMDAR2B signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Yan Lin
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Xiao-Man Dai
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Nai-An Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Xi-Lin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Zhen Wei
- Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Wen-Ting Fang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Yuan-Gui Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Chen
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China. .,Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China. .,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, People's Republic of China.
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203
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Olexová L, Štefánik P, Kršková L. Increased anxiety-like behaviour and altered GABAergic system in the amygdala and cerebellum of VPA rats - An animal model of autism. Neurosci Lett 2016; 629:9-14. [PMID: 27353514 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety is one of the associated symptoms of autism spectrum disorder. According to the literature, increases in anxiety are accompanied by GABAergic system deregulation. The aim of our study, performed using an animal model of autism in the form of rats prenatally treated with valproic acid (VPA rats), was to investigate changes in anxiety-like behaviour and the gene expression of molecules that control levels of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain. Anxiety-like behaviours were investigated using zone preferences in the open field test. The levels of the 65 and 67kDa enzymes of l-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) mRNAs and type 1 GABA transporter (GAT1) were evaluated in the amygdala, as well as GABA producing enzymes in the cortex layer of the cerebellum. Our research showed that adult VPA rats spent less time in the inner zone of the testing chamber and more time in the outer zone of the testing chamber in the open field test. We also found that adult VPA rats had increased expression of GAT1 in the amygdala, as well as decreased levels of GAD65 and GAD67 mRNA in the cerebellum compared to control animals. These findings support the existence of a relationship between increased anxiety-like behaviour and changes in the regulation of the GABAergic system in VPA rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Olexová
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Peter Štefánik
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Kršková
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
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204
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Quantitative Analysis of Psychiatric Disorders in Intractable Peripheral Vertiginous Patients. Otol Neurotol 2016; 37:539-44. [DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000001002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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205
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Schür RR, Draisma LWR, Wijnen JP, Boks MP, Koevoets MGJC, Joëls M, Klomp DW, Kahn RS, Vinkers CH. Brain GABA levels across psychiatric disorders: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of (1) H-MRS studies. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 37:3337-52. [PMID: 27145016 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system is involved in the etiology of most psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). It is therefore not surprising that proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1) H-MRS) is increasingly used to investigate in vivo brain GABA levels. However, integration of the evidence for altered in vivo GABA levels across psychiatric disorders is lacking. We therefore systematically searched the clinical (1) H-MRS literature and performed a meta-analysis. A total of 40 studies (N = 1,591) in seven different psychiatric disorders were included in the meta-analysis: MDD (N = 437), schizophrenia (N = 517), ASD (N = 150), bipolar disorder (N = 129), panic disorder (N = 81), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (N = 104), and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (N = 173). Brain GABA levels were lower in ASD (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -0.74, P = 0.001) and in depressed MDD patients (SMD = -0.52, P = 0.005), but not in remitted MDD patients (SMD = -0.24, P = 0.310) compared with controls. In schizophrenia this finding did not reach statistical significance (SMD = -0.23, P = 0.089). No significant differences in GABA levels were found in bipolar disorder, panic disorder, PTSD, and ADHD compared with controls. In conclusion, this meta-analysis provided evidence for lower brain GABA levels in ASD and in depressed (but not remitted) MDD patients compared with healthy controls. Findings in schizophrenia were more equivocal. Even though future (1) H-MRS studies could greatly benefit from a longitudinal design and consensus on the preferred analytical approach, it is apparent that (1) H-MRS studies have great potential in advancing our understanding of the role of the GABA system in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3337-3352, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remmelt R Schür
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Luc W R Draisma
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jannie P Wijnen
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marco P Boks
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn G J C Koevoets
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marian Joëls
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis W Klomp
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - René S Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christiaan H Vinkers
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
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206
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Konstantoudaki X, Chalkiadaki K, Tivodar S, Karagogeos D, Sidiropoulou K. Impaired synaptic plasticity in the prefrontal cortex of mice with developmentally decreased number of interneurons. Neuroscience 2016; 322:333-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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207
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Pochwat B, Nowak G, Szewczyk B. Brain glutamic acid decarboxylase-67kDa alterations induced by magnesium treatment in olfactory bulbectomy and chronic mild stress models in rats. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:881-5. [PMID: 27351943 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The preclinical results indicate that magnesium, an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) blocker has anxiolytic and antidepressant-like activity. One of the mechanisms involved in these activities is modulation of glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system. Based on this, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of magnesium on the level of glutamic acid decarboxylase-67kDa (GAD-67) in the different brain areas in the chronic mild stress (CMS) and olfactory bulbectomy (OB) models of depression in rats. METHODS Magnesium (15mg/kg) was administered intraperitonealy once daily for 14 days in the OB model and for 35 days in the CMS model. 24h after the last dose, the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus and amygdala were collected and the GAD-67 protein level was determined by the western blotting method. RESULTS In the OB model, chronic magnesium treatment normalized decreased by OB protein level of GAD-67 in PFC. CMS did not influence the GAD-67 protein level, however magnesium increased GAD-67 protein expression in amygdala and PFC of stress rats when compared to vehicle-treated stress group. OB or CMS models as well as magnesium treatment did not affect GAD-67 protein level in the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS Obtained results indicate that the antidepressant-like activity of magnesium in CMS and OB models of depression is associated with an enhanced expression of GAD-67 in the PFC and amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Pochwat
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Gabriel Nowak
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bernadeta Szewczyk
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
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208
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Wu Y, Fu Y, Rao C, Li W, Liang Z, Zhou C, Shen P, Cheng P, Zeng L, Zhu D, Zhao L, Xie P. Metabolomic analysis reveals metabolic disturbances in the prefrontal cortex of the lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse model of depression. Behav Brain Res 2016; 308:115-27. [PMID: 27102340 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating illness. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of depression remain largely unknown. Increasing evidence supports that inflammatory cytokine disturbances may be associated with the pathophysiology of depression in humans. Systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been used to study inflammation-associated neurobehavioral changes in rodents, but no metabonomic study has been conducted to assess differential metabolites in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of a LPS-induced mouse model of depression. Here, we employed a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabonomic approach in the LPS-induced mouse model of depression to investigate any significant metabolic changes in the PFC. Multivariate statistical analysis, including principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares-discriminate analysis (PLS-DA), and pair-wise orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), was implemented to identify differential PFC metabolites between LPS-induced depressed mice and healthy controls. A total of 20 differential metabolites were identified. Compared with control mice, LPS-treated mice were characterized by six lower level metabolites and 14 higher level metabolites. These molecular changes were closely related to perturbations in neurotransmitter metabolism, energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and lipid metabolism, which might be evolved in the pathogenesis of MDD. These findings provide insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying MDD and could be of valuable assistance in the clinical diagnosis of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402460, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuying Fu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chenglong Rao
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402460, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wenwen Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zihong Liang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Neurology, The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010017,China
| | - Chanjuan Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Peng Shen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Pengfei Cheng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Li Zeng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Libo Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402460, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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209
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Manayi A, Nabavi SM, Daglia M, Jafari S. Natural terpenoids as a promising source for modulation of GABAergic system and treatment of neurological diseases. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:671-9. [PMID: 27110875 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter reducing neural excitability in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) with three subclasses of receptors. Several conventional drugs and compounds modulate the GABAergic system, demonstrating different pharmacological effects. In this review, interactions of natural terpenoids with the GABAergic system are highlighted with relation to disorders like anxiety, insomnia, convulsion, pain, and cognitive deficits. Terpenoids with various structures affect the function of the GABAergic system via dissimilar mechanisms. Most of the discussed compounds interact with GABA receptors, but especially with the GABAA subtype. This may be due to the fact that researchers tend to assess the interaction of compounds using GABAA receptors. However, bilobalide, a sesquiterpene, showed anticonvulsant properties through the activation of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) enzyme, which is a key enzyme in biosynthesis of GABA. Therefore, further studies evaluating and comparing terpenoids of different classes and their interaction with the GABA system, along with their pharmacokinetic properties, could be worthwhile in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Manayi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Samineh Jafari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
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210
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Hellenbrand T, Höfner G, Wein T, Wanner KT. Synthesis of 4-substituted nipecotic acid derivatives and their evaluation as potential GABA uptake inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:2072-96. [PMID: 27039250 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we disclose the design and synthesis of novel 4-susbtituted nipecotic acid derivatives as inhibitors of the GABA transporter mGAT1. Based on molecular modeling studies the compounds are assumed to adopt a binding pose similar to that of the potent mGAT1 inhibitor nipecotic acid. As substitution in 4-position should not cause an energetically unfavorable orientation of nipecotic acid as it is the case for N-substituted derivatives this is expected to lead to highly potent binders. For the synthesis of novel 4-substituted nipecotic acid derivatives a linear synthetic strategy was employed. As a key step, palladium catalyzed cross coupling reactions were used to attach the required biaryl moieties to the ω-position of the alkenyl- or alkynyl spacers of varying length in the 4-position of the nipecotic acid scaffold. The resulting amino acids were characterized with respect to their binding affinities and inhibitory potencies at mGAT1. Though the biological activities found were generally insignificant to poor, two compounds, one of which possesses a reasonable binding affinity for mGAT1, rac-57, the other a notable inhibitory potency at mGAT4, rac-84, both displaying a slight subtype selectivity for the individual transporters, could be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Hellenbrand
- Department of Pharmacy-Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Höfner
- Department of Pharmacy-Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Wein
- Department of Pharmacy-Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus T Wanner
- Department of Pharmacy-Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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Trueba AF, Ritz T, Trueba G. The Role of the Microbiome in the Relationship of Asthma and Affective Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 874:263-88. [PMID: 26589224 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-20215-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The effect of stress, anxiety and other affective states on inflammatory conditions such as asthma is well documented. Although several immune pathway mechanisms have been proposed and studied, they cannot fully explain the relationship. In this chapter we present a new perspective on asthma development and exacerbation that integrates findings on the role of psychological factors in asthma with the microbiome and the hygiene hypothesis in asthma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana F Trueba
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Thomas Ritz
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA.
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212
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Austin A, Jiga-Boy GM, Rea S, Newstead SA, Roderick S, Davis NJ, Clement RM, Boy F. Prefrontal Electrical Stimulation in Non-depressed Reduces Levels of Reported Negative Affects from Daily Stressors. Front Psychol 2016; 7:315. [PMID: 26973591 PMCID: PMC4777740 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative emotional responses to the daily life stresses have cumulative effects which, in turn, impose wide-ranging negative constraints on emotional well being and neurocognitive performance (Kalueff and Nutt, 2007; Nadler et al., 2010; Charles et al., 2013). Crucial cognitive functions such as memory and problem solving, as well more short term emotional responses (e.g., anticipation of- and response to- monetary rewards or losses) are influenced by mood. The negative impact of these behavioral responses is felt at the individual level, but it also imposes major economic burden on modern healthcare systems. Although much research has been undertaken to understand the underlying mechanisms of depressed mood and design efficient treatment pathways, comparatively little was done to characterize mood modulations that remain within the boundaries of a healthy mental functioning. In one placebo-controlled experiment, we applied daily prefrontal transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) at five points in time, and found reliable improvements on self-reported mood evaluation. Using a new team of experimenters, we replicated this finding in an independent double-blinded placebo-controlled experiment and showed that stimulation over a shorter period of time (3 days) is sufficient to create detectable mood improvements. Taken together, our data show that repeated bilateral prefrontal tDCS can reduce psychological distress in non-depressed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaide Austin
- Department of Psychology, College of Human and Health Science, Swansea University Swansea, Wales
| | - Gabriela M Jiga-Boy
- Department of Psychology, College of Human and Health Science, Swansea UniversitySwansea, Wales; NeuroTherapeutics Limited, Institute of Life Science, Swansea UniversitySwansea, Wales
| | - Sara Rea
- Department of Psychology, College of Human and Health Science, Swansea University Swansea, Wales
| | - Simon A Newstead
- Department of Psychology, College of Human and Health Science, Swansea University Swansea, Wales
| | - Sian Roderick
- NeuroTherapeutics Limited, Institute of Life Science, Swansea UniversitySwansea, Wales; Scientia Research Group, School of Medicine, Swansea UniversitySwansea, Wales
| | - Nick J Davis
- Department of Psychology, College of Human and Health Science, Swansea University Swansea, Wales
| | - R Marc Clement
- Scientia Research Group, School of Medicine, Swansea University Swansea, Wales
| | - Frédéric Boy
- Department of Psychology, College of Human and Health Science, Swansea UniversitySwansea, Wales; NeuroTherapeutics Limited, Institute of Life Science, Swansea UniversitySwansea, Wales; Scientia Research Group, School of Medicine, Swansea UniversitySwansea, Wales
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213
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Delli Pizzi S, Padulo C, Brancucci A, Bubbico G, Edden RA, Ferretti A, Franciotti R, Manippa V, Marzoli D, Onofrj M, Sepede G, Tartaro A, Tommasi L, Puglisi-Allegra S, Bonanni L. GABA content within the ventromedial prefrontal cortex is related to trait anxiety. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2015; 11:758-66. [PMID: 26722018 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsv155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) plays a key role in emotion processing and regulation. vmPFC dysfunction may lead to disinhibition of amygdala causing high anxiety levels. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) inter-neurons within vmPFC shape the information flow to amygdala. Thus, we hypothesize that GABA content within vmPFC could be relevant to trait anxiety. Forty-three healthy volunteers aged between 20 and 88 years were assessed for trait anxiety with the Subscale-2 of the State-Trait-Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y2) and were studied with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to investigate GABA and Glx (glutamate+glutamine) contents within vmPFC. Total creatine (tCr) was used as internal reference. Partial correlations assessed the association between metabolite levels and STAI-Y2 scores, removing the effect of possible nuisance factors including age, educational level, volumes of gray matter and white matter within magnetic resonance spectroscopy voxel. We observed a positive relationship between GABA/tCr and STAI-Y2 scores. No significant relationships were found between Glx/tCr and STAI-Y2 and between tCr/water and STAI-Y2. No differences were found between males and females as regards to age, STAI-Y2, GABA/tCr, Glx/tCr, tCr/water, gray matter and white matter volumes. We suggest a close relationship between GABA content within vmPFC and trait anxiety providing new insights in the physiology of emotional brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Delli Pizzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy, Aging Research Centre, Ce.S.I., University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Caterina Padulo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy, Department of Psychological Sciences, Health, and the Territory, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Alfredo Brancucci
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Health, and the Territory, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Giovanna Bubbico
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Richard A Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, "The Johns Hopkins University" School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, F.M. Kirby Center for Functional MRI, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Antonio Ferretti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Raffaella Franciotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy, Aging Research Centre, Ce.S.I., University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Valerio Manippa
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy, Department of Psychological Sciences, Health, and the Territory, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Daniele Marzoli
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Health, and the Territory, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Marco Onofrj
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy, Aging Research Centre, Ce.S.I., University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Gianna Sepede
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University "A. Moro" of Bari, Italy
| | - Armando Tartaro
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luca Tommasi
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Health, and the Territory, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Stefano Puglisi-Allegra
- Department of Psychology, University "La Sapienza" of Roma, Italy, and Foundation Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Bonanni
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy, Aging Research Centre, Ce.S.I., University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy,
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214
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The efficacy of early iron supplementation on postpartum depression, a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2015; 56:901-908. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1140-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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215
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Stojanovic T, Capo I, Aronica E, Adle-Biassette H, Höger H, Sieghart W, Kovacs GG, Milenkovic I. The α1, α2, α3, and γ2 subunits of GABAA receptors show characteristic spatial and temporal expression patterns in rhombencephalic structures during normal human brain development. J Comp Neurol 2015; 524:1805-24. [PMID: 26518133 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter in adult mammalian brain, mediating its actions chiefly via a pentameric chloride ion channel, the GABAA receptor. Nineteen different subunits (α1-6, β1-3, γ1-3, δ, ε, π, θ, ρ1-3) can give rise to multiple receptor subtypes that are the site of action of many clinically important drugs. In the developing brain, however, GABAA receptors mediate excitatory actions due to an increased chloride concentration within neurons and seem to control cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, synapse maturation, and cell death. Little is known about the distribution of single subunits in the human brain. Here we describe developmental changes in the immunohistochemical distribution of four subunits (α1, α2, α3, and γ2) in the human rhombencephalon. The γ2 was the most abundant subunit in all rhombencephalic structures during development and in adults, whereas α subunits showed a structure- and age-characteristic distribution. The α1 was expressed prenatally in the molecular and Purkinje cell layer, but only postnatally in the granule cell layer and the dentate nucleus. Expression was completely absent in the inferior olivary nucleus. The α2 gradually increased during development, showing some layer specificity in the cerebellar cortex. The α3-immunoreactivity in the cerebellar cortex was relatively weak, but it was abundantly observed in different cell populations in the subcortical cerebellar structures. Structure- and age-characteristic colocalization between subunits during development suggests differences in GABAA receptor composition. Interestingly, subunit expression in several instances differed between human and rodent brain, underlining the importance of immunohistochemical studies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Stojanovic
- Institute of Neurology, Neurodegeneration Research Group, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ivan Capo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Vojvodina, Serbia
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; SEIN - Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede, The Netherlands; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Homa Adle-Biassette
- Inserm U1141, Paris, France; Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 676, Paris, France, Department of Pathology, Lariboisière Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Harald Höger
- Division of Laboratory Animal Science and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Werner Sieghart
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabor G Kovacs
- Institute of Neurology, Neurodegeneration Research Group, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ivan Milenkovic
- Institute of Neurology, Neurodegeneration Research Group, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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216
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[Psychopharmacology of anxiety and depression: Historical aspects, current treatments and perspectives]. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2015; 74:93-118. [PMID: 26472602 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological treatment of acute anxiety still relies on benzodiazepines, while chronic anxiety disorders and depression are treated with different antidepressants, according to specific indications. The monoaminergic axis is represented by two families which are being developed: (i) serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors (SNDRI), also called triple reuptake inhibitors (TRI), for the treatment of depression (amitifadine), (ii) multimodal antidepressants for depression and anxiety disorders (generalized anxiety disorder mainly) (tedatioxetine, vortioxetine and vilazodone). Third-generation antipsychotics (aripiprazole, lurasidone, brexpiprazole, cariprazine) appear relevant in the treatment of resistant depression and some anxiety disorders. Among the modulators of the glutamatergic axis, promising compounds include: (i) ionotropic regulators of NMDA receptors: esketamine, AVP-923 and AVP-786, CERC-301, rapastinel (Glyx-13), NRX-1074 developed for depression, rapastinel and bitopertine developed for obsessive compulsive disorder, (ii) metabotropic glutamate receptors modulators: decoglurant and basimglurant developed for depression and mavoglurant developed for obsessive compulsive disorder.
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217
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218
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Abstract
We delineate perspectives for the design and discovery of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) with fewer side effects by focusing on astroglial modulation of spatiotemporal seizure dynamics. It is now recognized that the major inhibitory neurotransmitter of the brain, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), can be released through the reversal of astroglial GABA transporters. Synaptic spillover and subsequent glutamate (Glu) uptake in neighboring astrocytes evoke replacement of extracellular Glu for GABA, driving neurons away from the seizure threshold. Attenuation of synaptic signaling by this negative feedback through the interplay of Glu and GABA transporters of adjacent astroglia can result in shortened seizures. By contrast, long-range activation of astroglia through gap junctions may promote recurrent seizures on the model of pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy. From their first detection to our current understanding, we identify various targets that shape both short- and long-range neuro-astroglia coupling, as these are manifest in epilepsy phenomena and in the associated research promotions of AED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna Kardos
- Functional Pharmacology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Szabó
- Functional Pharmacology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Héja
- Functional Pharmacology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
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219
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Abstract
Many current pharmacological treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders, such as anxiety and depression, are limited by a delayed onset of therapeutic effect, adverse side effects, abuse potential or lack of efficacy in many patients. These off-target effects highlight the need to identify novel mechanisms and targets for treatment. Recently, modulation of Glo1 (glyoxalase I) activity was shown to regulate anxiety-like behaviour and seizure-susceptibility in mice. These effects are likely to be mediated through the regulation of MG (methylglyoxal) by Glo1, as MG acts as a competitive partial agonist at GABA(A) (γ-aminobutyric acid A) receptors. Thus modulation of MG by Glo1 represents a novel target for treatment. In the present article, we evaluate the therapeutic potential of indirectly modulating MG concentrations through Glo1 inhibitors for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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220
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Steffan T, Renukappa-Gutke T, Höfner G, Wanner KT. Design, synthesis and SAR studies of GABA uptake inhibitors derived from 2-substituted pyrrolidine-2-yl-acetic acids. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:1284-306. [PMID: 25698617 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we disclose the design and synthesis of a series of 2-substituted pyrrolidine-2-yl-acetic acid as core structures and the N-arylalkyl derivatives thereof as potential GABA transport inhibitors. The 2-position in the side chain of pyrrolidine-2-yl-acetic acid derivatives was substituted with alkyl, hydroxy and amino groups to modulate the activity and selectivity to mGAT1 and mGAT4 proteins. SAR studies of the compounds performed for the four mouse GABA transporter proteins (mGAT1-mGAT4) implied significant potencies and subtype selectivities for 2-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidine-2-yl-acetic acid derivatives. The racemate rac-(u)-13c exhibited the highest potency (pIC50 5.67) at and selectivity for mGAT1 in GABA uptake assays. In fact, the potency of rac-(u)-13c at hGAT-1 (pIC50 6.14) was even higher than its potency at mGAT1. These uptake results for rac-(u)-13c are in line with the binding affinities to the aforesaid proteins mGAT1 (pKi 6.99) and hGAT-1 (pKi 7.18) determined by MS Binding Assay based on NO711 as marker quantified by LC-ESI-MS-MS analysis. Interestingly, the 2-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidine-2-yl-acetic acid rac-(u)-13d containing 2-{[tris(4-methoxyphenyl)]methoxy} ethyl group at the nitrogen atom of the pyrrolidine ring showed high potency at mGAT4 and a comparatively better selectivity for this protein (>15 against mGAT3) than the well known mGAT4 uptake inhibitor (S)-SNAP-5114.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Steffan
- Department für Pharmazie-Zentrum für Pharmaforschung, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Thejavathi Renukappa-Gutke
- Department für Pharmazie-Zentrum für Pharmaforschung, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Höfner
- Department für Pharmazie-Zentrum für Pharmaforschung, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus T Wanner
- Department für Pharmazie-Zentrum für Pharmaforschung, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany.
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221
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Kim D, Anderson B. Repeated threat (without harm) in a living environment potentiates defensive behavior. Behav Brain Res 2015; 279:31-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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222
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Yu SY, Nho JH. Influence of Sleep Disturbance and Depression on Quality of Life in Ovarian Cancer Patients during Chemotherapy. ASIAN ONCOLOGY NURSING 2015. [DOI: 10.5388/aon.2015.15.4.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Young Yu
- Department of Nursing, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Nho
- College of Nursing, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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223
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Inoue A, Akiyoshi J, Muronaga M, Masuda K, Aizawa S, Hirakawa H, Ishitobi Y, Higuma H, Maruyama Y, Ninomiya T, Tanaka Y, Hanada H, Kawano Y. Association of TMEM132D, COMT, and GABRA6 genotypes with cingulate, frontal cortex and hippocampal emotional processing in panic and major depressive disorder. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2015; 19:192-200. [PMID: 25974322 DOI: 10.3109/13651501.2015.1043133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of transmembrane protein 132D (TMEM132D), catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor alpha 6 subunit (GABRA6) genotypes with cingulate, frontal cortex and hippocampal emotional processing in panic disorder (PD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). METHOD The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TMEM132D, COMT, and GABRA6 were examined in patients with MDD, PD, and healthy controls. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed in patients with MDD, PD, and healthy controls. RESULTS rs4680 in COMT and rs3219151 in GABRA6 showed positive associations with PD and MDD. A dynamic fearful face was shown to the participants during fMRI scanning. In PD patients, responses in the bilateral anterior cingulate were stronger in carriers of the AA genotype of SNP rs11060369 in TMEM132D compared with carriers of the AC + CC genotype, and stronger in CT + TT genotype carriers of SNP rs3219151 in GABRA6 compared with carriers of the CC genotype. The response in the medial orbital frontal cortex was stronger in carriers of the CT + TT genotypes of SNP rs3219151 in PD. In MDD patients, the response in the right parahippocampus of carriers of the GG genotype of rs4680 in COMT was stronger than that of carriers of the AA + AG genotype. CONCLUSION These results suggest that TMEM132D, GABRA6, and COMT variants may increase vulnerability to panic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Inoue
- a Department of Neuropsychiatry , Oita University Faculty of Medicine , Hasama-Machi, Yufu-Shi, Oita , Japan
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Effects of fluoxetine on protein expression of potassium ion channels in the brain of chronic mild stress rats. Acta Pharm Sin B 2015; 5:55-61. [PMID: 26579425 PMCID: PMC4629207 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the expression of major potassium channel subtypes in the brain of chronical mild stress (CMS) rats and reveal the effects of fluoxetine on the expression of these channels. Rats were exposed to a variety of unpredictable stress for three weeks and induced anhedonia, lower sucrose preference, locomotor activity and lower body weight. The protein expressions were determined by Western blot. CMS significantly increased the expression of Kv2.1 channel in frontal cortex but not in hippocampus, and the expression level was normalized after fluoxetine treatment. The expression of TREK-1 channel was also obviously increased in frontal cortex in CMS rats. Fluoxetine treatment might prevent this increase. However, the expression of Kv3.1 and Kv4.2 channels was considerably decreased in hippocampus after CMS, and was not affected by fluoxetine. These results suggest that different subtypes of potassium channels are associated with the pathophysiology of depression and that the therapeutical effects of fluoxetine may relate to Kv2.1 and TREK-1 potassium channels.
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225
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Möhler H. The legacy of the benzodiazepine receptor: from flumazenil to enhancing cognition in Down syndrome and social interaction in autism. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2014; 72:1-36. [PMID: 25600365 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The study of the psychopharmacology of benzodiazepines continues to provide new insights into diverse brain functions related to vigilance, anxiety, mood, epileptiform activity, schizophrenia, cognitive performance, and autism-related social behavior. In this endeavor, the discovery of the benzodiazepine receptor was a key event, as it supplied the primary benzodiazepine drug-target site, provided the molecular link to the allosteric modulation of GABAA receptors and, following the recognition of GABAA receptor subtypes, furnished the platform for future, more selective drug actions. This review has two parts. In a retrospective first part, it acknowledges the contributions to the field made by my collaborators over the years, initially at Hoffmann-La Roche in Basle and later, in academia, at the University and the ETH of Zurich. In the second part, the new frontier of GABA pharmacology, targeting GABAA receptor subtypes, is reviewed with special focus on nonsedative anxiolytics, antidepressants, analgesics, as well as enhancers of cognition in Down syndrome and attenuators of symptoms of autism spectrum disorders. It is encouraging that a clinical trial has been initiated with a partial inverse agonist acting on α5 GABAA receptors in an attempt to alleviate the cognitive deficits in Down syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanns Möhler
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland.
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226
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Nguyen M, Stewart AM, Kalueff AV. Aquatic blues: modeling depression and antidepressant action in zebrafish. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 55:26-39. [PMID: 24657522 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a serious psychiatric condition affecting millions of patients worldwide. Unipolar depression is characterized by low mood, anhedonia, social withdrawal and other severely debilitating psychiatric symptoms. Bipolar disorder manifests in alternating depressed mood and 'hyperactive' manic/hypomanic states. Animal experimental models are an invaluable tool for research into the pathogenesis of bipolar/unipolar depression, and for the development of potential treatments. Due to their high throughput value, genetic tractability, low cost and quick reproductive cycle, zebrafish (Danio rerio) have emerged as a promising new model species for studying brain disorders. Here, we discuss the developing utility of zebrafish for studying depression disorders, and outline future areas of research in this field. We argue that zebrafish represent a useful model organism for studying depression and its behavioral, genetic and physiological mechanisms, as well as for anti-depressant drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, 415 Lane Road, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; ZENEREI Institute, 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA
| | - Adam Michael Stewart
- ZENEREI Institute, 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA; International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, A210 Langley Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- ZENEREI Institute, 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA; International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA
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Kern FT, Wanner KT. Generation and Screening of Oxime Libraries Addressing the Neuronal GABA Transporter GAT1. ChemMedChem 2014; 10:396-410. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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228
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Czéh B, Varga ZKK, Henningsen K, Kovács GL, Miseta A, Wiborg O. Chronic stress reduces the number of GABAergic interneurons in the adult rat hippocampus, dorsal-ventral and region-specific differences. Hippocampus 2014; 25:393-405. [PMID: 25331166 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is a common and complex mental disorder with unknown etiology. GABAergic dysfunction is likely to contribute to the pathophysiology since disrupted GABAergic systems are well documented in depressed patients. Here we studied structural changes in the hippocampal GABAergic network using the chronic mild stress (CMS) model, as one of the best validated animal models for depression. Rats were subjected to 9 weeks of daily stress and behaviorally characterized using the sucrose consumption test into anhedonic and resilient animals based on their response to stress. Different subtypes of GABAergic interneurons were visualized by immunohistochemistry using antibodies for parvalbumin (PV), calretinin (CR), calbindin (CB), cholecystokinin (CCK), somatostatin (SOM), and neuropeptide Y (NPY). We used an unbiased quantification method to systematically count labeled cells in different subareas of the dorsal and ventral hippocampus. Chronic stress reduced the number of specific interneurons in distinct hippocampal subregions significantly. PV+ and CR+ neurons were reduced in all dorsal subareas, whereas in the ventral part only the CA1 was affected. Stress had the most pronounced effect on the NPY+ and SOM+ cells and reduced their number in almost all dorsal and ventral subareas. Stress had no effect on the CCK+ and CB+ interneurons. In most cases the effect of stress was irrespective to the behavioral phenotype. However, in a few specific areas the number of SOM+, NPY+, and CR+ neurons were significantly reduced in anhedonic animals compared to the resilient group. Overall, these data clearly demonstrate that chronic stress affects the structural integrity of specific GABAergic neuronal subpopulations and this should also affect the functioning of these hippocampal GABAergic networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boldizsár Czéh
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, 7624, Pécs, Hungary; Structural Neurobiology Research Group, Szentágothai János Research Center, University of Pécs, 7624, Pécs, Hungary; Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8240, Risskov, Denmark
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229
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Kumar N, Dhayabaran D, Nampoothiri M, Nandakumar K, Puratchikody A, Lalani N, Dawood K, Ghosh A. Atypical Antidepressant Activity of 3,4-Bis(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl) Furan-2,5-Dione Isolated from Heart Wood of Cedrus deodara, in Rodents. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 18:365-9. [PMID: 25352754 PMCID: PMC4211118 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2014.18.5.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cedrus deodara (Pinaceae) has been used traditionally in Ayurveda for the treatment of central nervous system disorders. 3,4-bis(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)furan-2,5-dione (BDFD) was isolated from heart wood of Cedrus deodara and was shown to have antiepileptic and anxiolytic activity. Thus, the present study was aimed to explore its anti-depressant effect and to correlate the effect with serotonin and nor adrenaline levels of brain. Albino mice were used as experimental animal. Animals were divided in to three groups; vehicle control, imipramine (30 mg/kg i.p.), BDFD (100 mg/kg i.p.). Tail suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST) was performed to evaluate antidepressant effect of BDFD. BDFD (100 mg/kg, i.p.) showed a significant decrease in immobility time when subjected to FST whereas immobility time was not significantly altered in TST. BDFD treatment increased serotonin and noradrenaline levels in the brain which is indicative of BDFD having possible atypical antidepressant action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitesh Kumar
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Madhavan Nampoothiri
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Krishnadas Nandakumar
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - A Puratchikody
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Anna University Chennai, Regional Office, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Natasha Lalani
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Karima Dawood
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Aanesha Ghosh
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
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230
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Lacerda-Pinheiro SF, Pinheiro Junior RFF, Pereira de Lima MA, Lima da Silva CG, Vieira dos Santos MDS, Teixeira Júnior AG, Lima de Oliveira PN, Ribeiro KDB, Rolim-Neto ML, Bianco BAV. Are there depression and anxiety genetic markers and mutations? A systematic review. J Affect Disord 2014; 168:387-98. [PMID: 25106036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic factors may encourage or even cause the occurrence of mood disorders such as anxiety and/or depression. However, despite the significant amount of work and sophisticated technology is not fully elucidated which genes or regions of nuclear or mitochondrial DNA, or which types of genetic changes, alone or in combination, can represent reliable genetic markers of anxiety and/or depression. OBJECTIVE To identify whether there are genetic changes that can cause depression or anxiety and if there are genetic markers that can be used to detect these changes. METHODS A systematic review of 01.01.2004 to 03.28.2014 was held by VHL (Virtual Health Library). The search was performed with the descriptors ׳׳anxiety׳׳, ׳׳depression׳׳, "mutation" and "genetic markers׳׳. The selected articles were indexed in MEDLINE. The information pertinent to the study was selected, categorized and analyzed. Of the 374 articles found, 29 met the eligibility criteria. RESULTS FMR1 gene polymorphisms, dopaminergic (DAT, DRD, COMT), serotonin (5-HTTLPR, HTR1A, HTR2A), interleukins, MCR1, HCN (potassium channel), neurorregulinas, GABAergic (GABA, GAD, DBI) DBI, GABA (Gabra) receptors and GAD genes (GAD1, GAD2) appear to contribute to generate condition of depression or anxiety like. Mutations in mitochondrial DNA in 124pb allele of D2S2944 in ofil 1 and 2 loci of chromosomes 4 and 7, respectively, and the chromosomes 8p, 17p and 15q appear to be associated with the origin of depression or anxiety. CONCLUSION Some studies show only associations with one of the disorders, mainly anxiety. Few have shown association with both simultaneously. Other studies showed specific association of gender, or even specific ethnic groups. It was noticed, controversies over certain markers. Interesting results were observed in combination of changes, especially in cases of SNPs, indicating that perhaps this is the most appropriate way to find reliable markers.
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231
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Lim SW, Won HH, Kim H, Myung W, Kim S, Kim KK, Carroll BJ, Kim JW, Kim DK. Genetic prediction of antidepressant drug response and nonresponse in Korean patients. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107098. [PMID: 25226239 PMCID: PMC4166419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic polymorphism contributes to variation in response to drug treatment of depression. We conducted three independent 6-week treatment studies in outpatients with major depressive disorder (MDD) to develop a pharmacogenomic model predicting response and nonresponse. We screened candidate genomic markers for association with response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). No patients had received any antidepressant drug treatment in the current episode of depression. Outcome evaluation was blinded to drug and genotype data. The prediction model derived from a development sample of 239 completer cases treated with SSRIs comprised haplotypes and polymorphisms related to serotonin synthesis, serotonin transport, glutamate receptors, and GABA synthesis. The model was evaluated prospectively for prediction of outcome in a validation sample of 176 new SSRI-treated completer cases. The model gave a prediction in 60% of these cases. Predictive values were 85% for predicted responders and 86% for predicted nonresponders, compared to prior probabilities of 66% for observed response and 34% for observed nonresponse in those cases (both P<0.001). Convergent cross-validation was obtained through failure of the model to predict outcomes in a third independent sample of 189 completer cases who received non-SSRI antidepressants. We suggest proof of principle for genetic guidance to use or avoid SSRIs in a majority of Korean depressed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinn-Won Lim
- Center for Clinical Research, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong-Hee Won
- Center for Clinical Research, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeran Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woojae Myung
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seonwoo Kim
- Biostatistics Unit, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ka-Kyung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bernard J. Carroll
- Pacific Behavioral Research Foundation, Carmel, California, United States of America
| | - Jong-Won Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (DKK); (J-WK)
| | - Doh Kwan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (DKK); (J-WK)
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232
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Rocha L, Alonso-Vanegas M, Orozco-Suárez S, Alcántara-González D, Cruzblanca H, Castro E. Do certain signal transduction mechanisms explain the comorbidity of epilepsy and mood disorders? Epilepsy Behav 2014; 38:25-31. [PMID: 24472685 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that mood disorders are highly prevalent in patients with epilepsy. Although several studies have aimed to characterize alterations in different types of receptors associated with both disturbances, there is a lack of studies focused on identifying the causes of this comorbidity. Here, we described some changes at the biochemical level involving serotonin, dopamine, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors as well as signal transduction mechanisms that may explain the coexistence of both epilepsy and mood disorders. Finally, the identification of common pathophysiological mechanisms associated with receptor-receptor interaction (heterodimers) could allow designing new strategies for treatment of patients with epilepsy and comorbid mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Rocha
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Center of Research and Advanced Studies, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Mario Alonso-Vanegas
- National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery "Manuel Velasco Suarez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sandra Orozco-Suárez
- Unit for Medical Research in Neurological Diseases, National Medical Center, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Humberto Cruzblanca
- University Center of Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Elena Castro
- University Center of Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
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233
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Stratton MS, Staros M, Budefeld T, Searcy BT, Nash C, Eitel C, Carbone D, Handa RJ, Majdic G, Tobet SA. Embryonic GABA(B) receptor blockade alters cell migration, adult hypothalamic structure, and anxiety- and depression-like behaviors sex specifically in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106015. [PMID: 25162235 PMCID: PMC4146593 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) regulate the hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the autonomic nervous system. Females lacking functional GABAB receptors because of a genetic disruption of the R1 subunit have altered cellular characteristics in and around the PVN at birth. The genetic disruption precluded appropriate assessments of physiology or behavior in adulthood. The current study was conducted to test the long term impact of a temporally restricting pharmacological blockade of the GABAB receptor to a 7-day critical period (E11–E17) during embryonic development. Experiments tested the role of GABAB receptor signaling in fetal development of the PVN and later adult capacities for adult stress related behaviors and physiology. In organotypic slices containing fetal PVN, there was a female specific, 52% increase in cell movement speeds with GABAB receptor antagonist treatment that was consistent with a sex-dependent lateral displacement of cells in vivo following 7 days of fetal exposure to GABAB receptor antagonist. Anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors, open-field activity, and HPA mediated responses to restraint stress were measured in adult offspring of mothers treated with GABAB receptor antagonist. Embryonic exposure to GABAB receptor antagonist resulted in reduced HPA axis activation following restraint stress and reduced depression-like behaviors. There was also increased anxiety-like behavior selectively in females and hyperactivity in males. A sex dependent response to disruptions of GABAB receptor signaling was identified for PVN formation and key aspects of physiology and behavior. These changes correspond to sex specific prevalence in similar human disorders, namely anxiety disorders and hyperactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Stratton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Michelle Staros
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Tomaz Budefeld
- Center for Animal Genomics, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Brian T. Searcy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Connor Nash
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Chad Eitel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - David Carbone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Handa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Gregor Majdic
- Center for Animal Genomics, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stuart A. Tobet
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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234
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Müller I, Obata K, Richter-Levin G, Stork O. GAD65 haplodeficiency conveys resilience in animal models of stress-induced psychopathology. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:265. [PMID: 25147515 PMCID: PMC4124590 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
GABAergic mechanisms are critically involved in the control of fear and anxiety, but their role in the development of stress-induced psychopathologies, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mood disorders is not sufficiently understood. We studied these functions in two established mouse models of risk factors for stress-induced psychopathologies employing variable juvenile stress and/or social isolation. A battery of emotional tests in adulthood revealed the induction of contextually generalized fear, anxiety, hyperarousal and depression-like symptoms in these paradigms. These reflect the multitude and complexity of stress effects in human PTSD patients. With factor analysis we were able to identify parameters that reflect these different behavioral domains in stressed animals and thus provide a basis for an integrated scoring of affectedness more closely resembling the clinical situation than isolated parameters. To test the applicability of these models to genetic approaches we further tested the role of GABA using heterozygous mice with targeted mutation of the GABA synthesizing enzyme GAD65 [GAD65(+/−) mice], which show a delayed postnatal increase in tissue GABA content in limbic and cortical brain areas. Unexpectedly, GAD65(+/−) mice did not show changes in exploratory activity regardless of the stressor type and were after the variable juvenile stress procedure protected from the development of contextual generalization in an auditory fear conditioning experiment. Our data demonstrate the complex nature of behavioral alterations in rodent models of stress-related psychopathologies and suggest that GAD65 haplodeficiency, likely through its effect on the postnatal maturation of GABAergic transmission, conveys resilience to some of these stress-induced effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Müller
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kunihiko Obata
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Gal Richter-Levin
- Department of Neurobiology and Ethology and Department of Psychology, Institute for the Study of Affective Neuroscience, University of Haifa Haifa, Israel
| | - Oliver Stork
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany ; Center for Behavioural Brain Sciences Magdeburg, Germany
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235
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Quandt G, Höfner G, Pabel J, Dine J, Eder M, Wanner KT. First Photoswitchable Neurotransmitter Transporter Inhibitor: Light-Induced Control of γ-Aminobutyric Acid Transporter 1 (GAT1) Activity in Mouse Brain. J Med Chem 2014; 57:6809-21. [DOI: 10.1021/jm5008566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Quandt
- Department
für Pharmazie—Zentrum für Pharmaforschung, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Höfner
- Department
für Pharmazie—Zentrum für Pharmaforschung, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg Pabel
- Department
für Pharmazie—Zentrum für Pharmaforschung, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Julien Dine
- Max-Planck-Institut für Psychiatrie, Kraepelinstrasse 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Eder
- Max-Planck-Institut für Psychiatrie, Kraepelinstrasse 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus T. Wanner
- Department
für Pharmazie—Zentrum für Pharmaforschung, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
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236
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Sterley TL, Howells FM, Russell VA. Nicotine-stimulated release of [3H]norepinephrine is reduced in the hippocampus of an animal model of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Brain Res 2014; 1572:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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237
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Sun Y, Xu C, Li C, Xia C, Xu C, Wu L, Zhang H. Characterization of the serum metabolic profile of dairy cows with milk fever using 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Vet Q 2014; 34:159-63. [PMID: 24832124 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2014.924642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Milk fever (MF) is a common calcium metabolism disorder in perinatal cows. Currently, information regarding the detailed metabolism in cows suffering from MF is scant. OBJECTIVE The purpose was to study the metabolic profiling of serum samples from cows with MF in comparison to control cows, and thereby exploring other underlying pathological mechanisms of this disease. ANIMALS AND METHODS In the current study, we compared the serum metabolomic profile of dairy cows with MF (n = 8) to that of healthy dairy cows (n = 24) using a 500-MHz digital (1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H-NMR) spectrometer. Based on their clinical presentation and serum calcium concentration, cows were assigned either to the control group (no MF symptoms and serum calcium concentration >2.5 mmol/L) or to the MF group (MF symptoms and serum calcium concentration <1.4 mmol/L). For statistical analysis, a one-way analysis of variance was performed. RESULTS We identified differences regarding nine metabolites between the two groups, among which glucose, alanine, glycerol, phosphocreatine, and gamma-aminobutyrate decreased, and β-hydroxybutyrate, acetone, pyruvate, and lysine increased in cows with MF. Most of these were carbohydrates and amino acids involved in various energy metabolism pathways. CONCLUSION The different metabolites in cows with MF reflected the pathological features of negative energy balance and fat mobilization, suggesting that MF is associated with altered energy metabolism. CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The (1)H-NMR spectroscopy can be used to understand the pathogenesis of MF and identify biomarkers of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Sun
- a Department of College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Heilongjiang BaYi Agriculture University , Daqing 163319 , China
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238
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Cosar E, Çakır Güngör A, Gencer M, Uysal A, Hacivelioğlu SO, Özkan A, Şen HM. Sleep disturbance among women with chronic pelvic pain. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2014; 126:232-4. [PMID: 24913201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2014.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of chronic pelvic pain (CPP), a debilitating condition, on sleep quality. METHODS The present case-control study enrolled women older than 18 years attending the Gynecology Clinic of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Hospital, Çanakkale, Turkey, with CPP between August 2011 and August 2012. The control group was selected from women attending the clinic for another complaint. Sleep quality was evaluated via the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and differences between the groups were compared by t and χ(2) tests. RESULTS During the study period, 157 women were enrolled. Seventy-two had CPP symptoms, and 85 attended the clinic for other complaints. Poor sleep quality was found in 80% (n = 58) of the women with CPP, and 55% (n = 47) of the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Women with CPP were found to have poor sleep quality. Sleep education should be recommended in psychiatry and neurology clinics to increase the awareness of sleeping problems among these women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Cosar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey.
| | - Aysenur Çakır Güngör
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Meryem Gencer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Uysal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Servet O Hacivelioğlu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Adile Özkan
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Halil Murat Şen
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
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239
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Ravenelle R, Neugebauer NM, Niedzielak T, Donaldson ST. Sex differences in diazepam effects and parvalbumin-positive GABA neurons in trait anxiety Long Evans rats. Behav Brain Res 2014; 270:68-74. [PMID: 24815212 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In clinical populations, prevalence rates for a number of anxiety disorders differ between males and females and gonadal hormones are thought to contribute to these differences. While these hormones have been shown to modulate the anxiolytic effects of the benzodiazepine agonist diazepam in some models, findings are inconsistent. Here, we tested for sex differences in response to anxiogenic stimuli following a 30-min diazepam (1.0mg/kg) pre-treatment in male and female rats showing high (HAn) and low (LAn) anxiety-like behavior on the elevated plus maze. Acute diazepam administration resulted in decreased anxiety-like behavior only in HAn males as demonstrated by a significant increase in percent open arm time in the elevated plus maze (EPM). Immunohistochemical analysis for parvalbumin (PV; a calcium-binding protein that selectively stains GABAergic neurons) in central amygdala (CeA), caudate putamen (CPu) and the hippocampus indicated the number of GABAergic interneurons in these areas differed across sex and anxiety trait. In the CPu, females had significantly more PV-immunoreactive (IR) cells than males, and LAn females had greater PV-IR neurons than HAn females. In the CeA, males displayed an increased number of PV-IR neurons compared to females, with no differences found between LAn and HAn. Further, trait differences were evident in the CA2 region of the hippocampus, regardless of sex. Taken together, these data suggest that gonadal hormones and trait anxiety may influence the sensitivity to the anti-anxiety effects of diazepam and these differences may be due in part to the distribution of GABA-containing interneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Ravenelle
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Rose Hill Campus, Bronx, NY 10458, USA
| | - Nichole M Neugebauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, #12-104, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Timothy Niedzielak
- Developmental and Brain Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - S Tiffany Donaldson
- Developmental and Brain Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125, USA.
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240
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de la Vega A, Brown MS, Snyder HR, Singel D, Munakata Y, Banich MT. Individual differences in the balance of GABA to glutamate in pFC predict the ability to select among competing options. J Cogn Neurosci 2014; 26:2490-502. [PMID: 24742191 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Individuals vary greatly in their ability to select one item or response when presented with a multitude of options. Here we investigate the neural underpinnings of these individual differences. Using magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we found that the balance of inhibitory versus excitatory neurotransmitters in pFC predicts the ability to select among task-relevant options in two language production tasks. The greater an individual's concentration of GABA relative to glutamate in the lateral pFC, the more quickly he or she could select a relevant word from among competing options. This outcome is consistent with our computational modeling of this task [Snyder, H. R., Hutchison, N., Nyhus, E., Curran, T., Banich, M. T., O'Reilly, R. C., et al. Neural inhibition enables selection during language processing. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A., 107, 16483-16488, 2010], which predicts that greater net inhibition in pFC increases the efficiency of resolving competition among task-relevant options. Moreover, the association with the GABA/glutamate ratio was specific to selection and was not observed for executive function ability in general. These findings are the first to link the balance of excitatory and inhibitory neural transmission in pFC to specific aspects of executive function.
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241
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Evidence for Pretreatment LICI Deficits Among Depressed Children and Adolescents With Nonresponse to Fluoxetine. Brain Stimul 2014; 7:243-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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242
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Agroskin D, Klackl J, Jonas E. The self-liking brain: a VBM study on the structural substrate of self-esteem. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86430. [PMID: 24489727 PMCID: PMC3906048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abundant evidence suggests that self-esteem is an important personality resource for emotion regulation in response to stressful experiences. It was thus hypothesized that the relative grey matter volume of brain regions involved in responding to and coping with stress is related to individual differences in trait self-esteem. Using structural magnetic resonance imaging of 48 healthy adults in conjunction with voxel-based morphometry and diffeomorphic anatomical registration using exponentiated lie algebra (VBM-DARTEL), positive associations between self-esteem and regional grey matter volume were indeed found in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), right lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC), right hippocampus, and left hypothalamus. In addition, self-esteem positively covaried with grey matter volume in the right temporo-parietal junction (TPJ), which has been implicated in pride and theory of mind. The results suggest that persons with low self-esteem have reduced grey matter volume in brain regions that contribute to emotion/stress regulation, pride, and theory of mind. The findings provide novel neuroanatomical evidence for the view that self-esteem constitutes a vital coping resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrij Agroskin
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Johannes Klackl
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Eva Jonas
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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243
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Abstract
Adolescence represents a uniquely sensitive developmental stage in the transition from childhood to adulthood. During this transition, neuronal circuits are particularly susceptible to modification by experience. In addition, adolescence is a stage in which the incidence of anxiety disorders peaks in humans and over 75% of adults with fear-related disorders met diagnostic criteria as children and adolescents. While postnatal critical periods of plasticity for primary sensory processes, such as in the visual system are well established, less is known about potential critical or sensitive periods for fear learning and memory. Here, we review the non-linear developmental aspects of fear learning and memory during a transition period into and out of adolescence. We also review the literature on the non-linear development of GABAergic neurotransmission, a key regulator of critical period plasticity. We provide a model that may inform improved treatment strategies for children and adolescents with fear-related disorders.
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244
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Skórzewska A, Lehner M, Wisłowska-Stanek A, Krząścik P, Ziemba A, Płaźnik A. The effect of chronic administration of corticosterone on anxiety- and depression-like behavior and the expression of GABA-A receptor alpha-2 subunits in brain structures of low- and high-anxiety rats. Horm Behav 2014; 65:6-13. [PMID: 24200620 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine changes in rat emotional behavior and determine differences in the expression of GABA-A receptor alpha-2 subunits in brain structures of low- (LR) and high-anxiety (HR) rats after the repeated corticosterone administration. The animals were divided into LR and HR groups based on the duration of their conditioned freezing in a contextual fear test. Repeated daily administration of corticosterone (20 mg/kg) for 21 days decreased activity in a forced swim test, reduced body weight and decreased prefrontal cortex corticosterone concentration in both the LR and HR groups. These effects of corticosterone administration were stronger in the HR group in comparison with the appropriate control group, and compared to LR treated and LR control animals. Moreover, in the HR group, chronic corticosterone administration increased anxiety-like behavior in the open field and elevated plus maze tests. The behavioral effects in HR rats were accompanied by a decrease in alpha-2 subunit density in the medial prefrontal cortex (prelimbic cortex and frontal association cortex) and by an increase in the expression of alpha-2 subunits in the basolateral amygdala. These studies have shown that HR rats are more susceptible to anxiogenic and depressive effects of chronic corticosterone administration, which are associated with modification of GABA-A receptor function in the medial prefrontal cortex and basolateral amygdala. The current data may help to better understand the neurobiological mechanisms responsible for individual differences in changes in mood and emotions induced by repeated administration of high doses of glucocorticoids or by elevated levels of these hormones associated with chronic stress or affective pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Skórzewska
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 9 Sobieskiego Street, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Lehner
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 9 Sobieskiego Street, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Wisłowska-Stanek
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University, 26/28 Krakowskie Przedmieście Street, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Krząścik
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University, 26/28 Krakowskie Przedmieście Street, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Ziemba
- Department of Applied Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Science, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Płaźnik
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 9 Sobieskiego Street, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland; Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University, 26/28 Krakowskie Przedmieście Street, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland
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245
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Goldstein JM, Handa RJ, Tobet SA. Disruption of fetal hormonal programming (prenatal stress) implicates shared risk for sex differences in depression and cardiovascular disease. Front Neuroendocrinol 2014; 35:140-58. [PMID: 24355523 PMCID: PMC3917309 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Comorbidity of major depressive disorder (MDD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents the fourth leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and women have a two times greater risk than men. Thus understanding the pathophysiology has widespread implications for attenuation and prevention of disease burden. We suggest that sex-dependent MDD-CVD comorbidity may result from alterations in fetal programming consequent to the prenatal maternal environments that produce excess glucocorticoids, which then drive sex-dependent developmental alterations of the fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis circuitry impacting mood, stress regulation, autonomic nervous system (ANS), and the vasculature in adulthood. Evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that disruptions of pathways associated with gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) in neuronal and vascular development and growth factors have critical roles in key developmental periods and adult responses to injury in heart and brain. Understanding the potential fetal origins of these sex differences will contribute to development of novel sex-dependent therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Goldstein
- Departments of Psychiatry and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH), Connors Center for Women's Health & Gender Biology, 1620 Tremont St. BC-3-34, Boston, MA 02120, USA; BWH, Departments of Psychiatry and Medicine, 1620 Tremont St. BC-3-34, Boston, MA 02120, USA.
| | - R J Handa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 425 N. Fifth Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - S A Tobet
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, 1617 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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246
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Snyder HR, Kaiser RH, Whisman MA, Turner AEJ, Guild RM, Munakata Y. Opposite effects of anxiety and depressive symptoms on executive function: the case of selecting among competing options. Cogn Emot 2013; 28:893-902. [PMID: 24295077 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2013.859568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
People constantly face the need to choose one option from among many, such as when selecting words to express a thought. Selecting between many options can be difficult for anyone, and can feel overwhelming for individuals with elevated anxiety. The current study demonstrates that anxiety is associated with impaired selection across three different verbal tasks, and tests the specificity of this finding to anxiety. Anxiety and depression frequently co-occur; thus, it might be assumed that they would demonstrate similar associations with selection, although they also have distinct profiles of symptoms, neuroanatomy and neurochemistry. Here, we report for the first time that anxiety and depressive symptoms counter-intuitively have opposite effects on selection among competing options. Specifically, whereas anxiety symptoms are associated with impairments in verbal selection, depressive symptoms are associated with better selection performance. Implications for understanding the mechanisms of anxiety, depression and selection are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R Snyder
- a Department of Psychology and Neuroscience , University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder , CO , USA
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247
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The ability of BDNF to modify neurogenesis and depressive-like behaviors is dependent upon phosphorylation of tyrosine residues 365/367 in the GABA(A)-receptor γ2 subunit. J Neurosci 2013; 33:15567-77. [PMID: 24068823 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1845-13.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a potent regulator of neuronal activity, neurogenesis, and depressive-like behaviors; however, downstream effectors by which BDNF exerts these varying actions remain to be determined. Here we reveal that BDNF induces long-lasting enhancements in the efficacy of synaptic inhibition by stabilizing γ2 subunit-containing GABA(A) receptors (GABA(A)Rs) at the cell surface, leading to persistent reductions in neuronal excitability. This effect is dependent upon enhanced phosphorylation of tyrosines 365 and 367 (Y365/7) in the GABA(A)R γ2 subunit as revealed using mice in which these residues have been mutated to phenyalanines (Y365/7F). Heterozygotes for this mutation exhibit an antidepressant-like phenotype, as shown using behavioral-despair models of depression. In addition, heterozygous Y365/7F mice show increased levels of hippocampal neurogenesis, which has been strongly connected with antidepressant action. Both the antidepressant phenotype and the increased neurogenesis seen in these mice are insensitive to further modulation by BDNF, which produces robust antidepressant-like activity and neurogenesis in wild-type mice. Collectively, our results suggest a critical role for GABA(A)R γ2 subunit Y365/7 phosphorylation and function in regulating the effects of BDNF.
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248
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Cramer H, Lauche R, Langhorst J, Dobos G. Yoga for depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Depress Anxiety 2013; 30:1068-83. [PMID: 23922209 DOI: 10.1002/da.22166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mind-body medical interventions are commonly used to cope with depression and yoga is one of the most commonly used mind-body interventions. The aim of this review was to systematically assess and meta-analyze the effectiveness of yoga for depression. METHODS Medline/PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and IndMED were searched through January 2013. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of yoga for patients with depressive disorders and individuals with elevated levels of depression were included. Main outcomes were severity of depression and remission rates, secondary outcomes were anxiety, quality of life, and safety. RESULTS Twelve RCTs with 619 participants were included. Three RCTs had low risk of bias. Regarding severity of depression, there was moderate evidence for short-term effects of yoga compared to usual care (standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.69; 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.99, -0.39; P < .001), and limited evidence compared to relaxation (SMD = -0.62; 95%CI -1.03, -0.22; P = .003), and aerobic exercise (SMD = -0.59; 95% CI -0.99, -0.18; P = .004). Limited evidence was found for short-term effects of yoga on anxiety compared to relaxation (SMD = -0.79; 95% CI -1.3, -0.26; P = .004). Subgroup analyses revealed evidence for effects in patients with depressive disorders and in individuals with elevated levels of depression. Due to the paucity and heterogeneity of the RCTs, no meta-analyses on long-term effects were possible. No RCT reported safety data. CONCLUSIONS Despite methodological drawbacks of the included studies, yoga could be considered an ancillary treatment option for patients with depressive disorders and individuals with elevated levels of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Cramer
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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249
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Cramer H, Lauche R, Klose P, Lange S, Langhorst J, Dobos GJ. Yoga for women diagnosed with breast cancer. THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd010802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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250
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Li C, Chen S, Yu Y, Zhou C, Wang Y, Le K, Li D, Shao W, Lu L, You Y, Peng J, Huang H, Liu P, Shen X. BIG1, a brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange factor, is required for GABA-gated Cl⁻ influx through regulation of GABAA receptor trafficking. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 49:808-19. [PMID: 24198228 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8558-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
GABAA receptors (GABAARs) mediate the majority of fast synaptic inhibition. Trafficking regulation and protein-protein interactions that maintain the appropriate number of GABAARs at the cell surface are considered to be important mechanisms for controlling the strength of synaptic inhibition. Here, we report that BIG1, a brefeldin A (BFA)-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange factor (GEF) which has a known role in vesicle trafficking, is a new binding partner of GABAARs. Treatment of neurons with BFA, an uncompetitive inhibitor of BIG1 GEF activity, or depletion of BIG1 by small RNA interference (siRNA) significantly decreased GABAARs at the neuronal surface and suppressed GABA-gated influx of chloride ions. Over-expression of HA-tagged BIG1-E793K, a dominant-negative mutant, also significantly decreased GABAARs at the neuronal surface, but had no effect on the total amount of GABAARs. Inhibition of GABAAR endocytosis by muscimol increased both GABAARs and BIG1 at the neuronal surface in a time-dependent fashion, and this increase could be abolished by bicuculline. Finally, depletion of BIG1 by siRNA inhibited the muscimol-stimulated increase of GABAARs. Those data suggest an important function of BIG1 in trafficking of GABAARs to the cell surface through its GEF activity. Thus, we identify an important role of BIG1 in modulating GABA-gated Cl(-) influx through the regulation of cell surface expression of GABAARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuixian Li
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 132, Waihuan East Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
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