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Maslov MY, Foianini S, Mayer D, Orlov MV, Lovich MA. Interaction Between Sacubitril and Valsartan in Preventing Heart Failure Induced by Aortic Valve Insufficiency in Rats. J Card Fail 2019; 25:921-931. [PMID: 31539619 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synergistic interactions between neprilysin inhibition (NEPi) with sacubitril and angiotensin receptor type1 blockade (ARB) with valsartan have been implicated in improvement of left ventricular (LV) contractility, relaxation, exercise tolerance, and fibrosis in preexisting heart failure (HF) induced by aortic valve insufficiency (AVI). It is not known whether this pharmacologic synergy can prevent cardiovascular pathology in a similar AVI model. Our aim was to investigate the pharmacology of sacubitril/valsartan in an experimental setting with therapy beginning immediately after creation of AVI. METHODS HF was induced through partial disruption of the aortic valve in rats. Therapy began 3 hours after valve disruption and lasted 8 weeks. Sacubitril/valsartan (68 mg/kg), valsartan (31 mg/kg), sacubitril (31 mg/kg), or vehicle were administered daily via oral gavage (N=8 in each group). Hemodynamic assessments were conducted using Millar technology, and an exercise tolerance test was conducted using a rodent treadmill. RESULTS Only sacubitril/valsartan increased total arterial compliance and ejection fraction (EF). Therapies with sacubitril/valsartan and valsartan similarly improved load-dependent (dP/dtmax) and load independent indices (Ees) of LV contractility, and exercise tolerance, whereas sacubitril did not. None of the therapies improved LV relaxation (dP/dtmin), whereas all reduced myocardial fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS 1) The synergistic interaction between NEPi and ARB in early therapy with sacubitril/valsartan leads to increased total arterial compliance and EF. 2) Improvement in indices of LV contractility, and exercise tolerance with sacubitril/valsartan is likely because of ARB effect of valsartan. 3) All three therapies provided antifibrotic effects, suggesting both ARB and NEPi are capable of reducing myocardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Y Maslov
- Steward St. Elizabeth's Medical Center/Tufts University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Medicine and Critical Care, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Stephan Foianini
- Steward St. Elizabeth's Medical Center/Tufts University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Medicine and Critical Care, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dita Mayer
- Steward St. Elizabeth's Medical Center/Tufts University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Medicine and Critical Care, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael V Orlov
- Steward St. Elizabeth's Medical Center/Tufts University School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark A Lovich
- Steward St. Elizabeth's Medical Center/Tufts University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Medicine and Critical Care, Boston, Massachusetts
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202
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Giritharan S, Cagampang F, Torrens C, Salhiyyah K, Duggan S, Ohri S. Aortic Stenosis Prognostication in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Protocol for Testing and Validation of a Biomarker-Derived Scoring System. JMIR Res Protoc 2019; 8:e13186. [PMID: 31407670 PMCID: PMC6818526 DOI: 10.2196/13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been established as an important independent risk factor for aortic stenosis. T2DM patients present with a higher degree of valve calcification and left ventricular dysfunction compared to patients without diabetes. This may be due to an increase in incidence and severity of myocardial fibrosis. Currently, there is no reliable method of determining the optimal timing of intervention for a patient with asymptomatic aortic stenosis or predicting when a patient will become symptomatic. Research into serum biomarkers to predict subclinical onset and track progression of aortic stenosis is hampered by the multimodal nature of the pathological processes ultimately responsible for aortic stenosis. Objective The aim of this study is to prove that an approach using a combination of serum biomarkers and the echocardiographic parameter global longitudinal strain (GLS) can be used to establish baseline status of fibrocalcific aortic valve disease, predict rate of progression, and quantitatively assess any regression of these processes following aortic valve replacement in patients with T2DM. Methods Validated serum biomarkers for the separate processes of calcification, inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis can be used to quantify onset and rate of progression of aortic stenosis. This, in combination with the echocardiographic parameter GLS, can be compared with other objective investigations of calcification and fibrosis with the aim of developing a quick, noninvasive one-stop assessment of aortic stenosis in patients with T2DM. The serum biomarkers BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide), Gal-3 (Galectin-3), GDF-15 (growth differentiation factor-15), sST2 (soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2), OPG (osteoprotegerin), and microRNA 19b and 21 will be sampled from patients undergoing aortic valve replacement (with and without T2DM), patients with T2DM but without aortic valve disease and healthy volunteers. These patients will also undergo computed tomography (CT) scans for calcium scoring, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to quantify myocardial fibrosis, and myocardial strain imaging with speckle-tracking echocardiography. Samples of calcified native aortic valve and a biopsy of ventricular myocardium will be examined histologically to determine the quantity and distribution of calcification and fibrosis, and the secretome of these tissue samples will also be analyzed for levels of the same biomarkers as in the serum samples. All patients will be followed up with in 3 months and 12 months for repeat blood sampling, echocardiography, and CT and MRI imaging to assess disease progression or regression. The results of tissue analysis and CT and MRI scanning will be used to validate the findings of the serum biomarkers and echocardiographic assessment. Results Using all of the information gathered throughout the study will yield a ranking scale for use in the clinic, which will provide each patient with a fibrocalcific profile. This can then be used to recommend an optimal time for intervention. Conclusion A reliable, validated set of serum biomarkers combined with an inexpensive bedside echocardiographic examination can now form the basis of a one-stop outpatient-based assessment service, which will provide an accurate risk assessment in patients with aortic stenosis at first contact. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/13186
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Giritharan
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Wessex Cardiac Centre, University Hospitals Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Felino Cagampang
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Torrens
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Kareem Salhiyyah
- Wessex Cardiac Centre, University Hospitals Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Duggan
- Wessex Cardiac Centre, University Hospitals Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Sunil Ohri
- Wessex Cardiac Centre, University Hospitals Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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203
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Chen H, Moreno-Moral A, Pesce F, Devapragash N, Mancini M, Heng EL, Rotival M, Srivastava PK, Harmston N, Shkura K, Rackham OJL, Yu WP, Sun XM, Tee NGZ, Tan ELS, Barton PJR, Felkin LE, Lara-Pezzi E, Angelini G, Beltrami C, Pravenec M, Schafer S, Bottolo L, Hubner N, Emanueli C, Cook SA, Petretto E. WWP2 regulates pathological cardiac fibrosis by modulating SMAD2 signaling. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3616. [PMID: 31399586 PMCID: PMC6689010 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11551-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a final common pathology in inherited and acquired heart diseases that causes cardiac electrical and pump failure. Here, we use systems genetics to identify a pro-fibrotic gene network in the diseased heart and show that this network is regulated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP2, specifically by the WWP2-N terminal isoform. Importantly, the WWP2-regulated pro-fibrotic gene network is conserved across different cardiac diseases characterized by fibrosis: human and murine dilated cardiomyopathy and repaired tetralogy of Fallot. Transgenic mice lacking the N-terminal region of the WWP2 protein show improved cardiac function and reduced myocardial fibrosis in response to pressure overload or myocardial infarction. In primary cardiac fibroblasts, WWP2 positively regulates the expression of pro-fibrotic markers and extracellular matrix genes. TGFβ1 stimulation promotes nuclear translocation of the WWP2 isoforms containing the N-terminal region and their interaction with SMAD2. WWP2 mediates the TGFβ1-induced nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and transcriptional activity of SMAD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimei Chen
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore
| | - Aida Moreno-Moral
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore
| | - Francesco Pesce
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Nithya Devapragash
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore
| | - Massimiliano Mancini
- SOC di Anatomia Patologica, Ospedale San Giovanni di Dio, 50123, Florence, Italy
| | - Ee Ling Heng
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Maxime Rotival
- Unit of Human Evolutionary Genetics, Institute Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Prashant K Srivastava
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Nathan Harmston
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore
| | - Kirill Shkura
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Owen J L Rackham
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wei-Ping Yu
- Animal Gene Editing Laboratory, BRC, A*STAR20 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138668, Republic of Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xi-Ming Sun
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMC), Imperial College, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | | | - Elisabeth Li Sa Tan
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore
| | - Paul J R Barton
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Leanne E Felkin
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Enrique Lara-Pezzi
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares - CNIC, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gianni Angelini
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 89HW, UK
| | - Cristina Beltrami
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Michal Pravenec
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 00, Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Sebastian Schafer
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, 169609, Republic of Singapore
| | - Leonardo Bottolo
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- The Alan Turing Institute, London, NW1 2DB, UK
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Norbert Hubner
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 13347, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178, Berlin, Germany
| | - Costanza Emanueli
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Stuart A Cook
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMC), Imperial College, London, W12 0NN, UK
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, 169609, Republic of Singapore
| | - Enrico Petretto
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore.
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMC), Imperial College, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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204
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González A, Schelbert EB, Díez J, Butler J. Myocardial Interstitial Fibrosis in Heart Failure: Biological and Translational Perspectives. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 71:1696-1706. [PMID: 29650126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial interstitial fibrosis contributes to left ventricular dysfunction leading to the development of heart failure. Basic research has provided abundant evidence for the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind this lesion and the pathways by which it imparts a detrimental impact on cardiac function. Translation of this knowledge, however, to improved diagnostics and therapeutics for patients with heart failure has not been as robust. This is partly related to the paucity of biomarkers to accurately identify myocardial interstitial fibrosis and to the lack of personalized antifibrotic strategies to treat it in an effective manner. This paper summarizes current knowledge of the mechanisms and detrimental consequences of myocardial interstitial fibrosis, discusses the potential of circulating and imaging biomarkers available to recognize different phenotypes of this lesion and track their clinical evolution, and reviews the currently available and potential future therapies that allow its individualized management in heart failure patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arantxa González
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Centre for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Erik B Schelbert
- Department of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Javier Díez
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Centre for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, University of Navarra Clinic, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Javed Butler
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson Mississippi.
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205
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Zhao T, Chen H, Cheng C, Zhang J, Yan Z, Kuang J, Kong F, Li C, Lu Q. Liraglutide protects high-glucose-stimulated fibroblasts by activating the CD36-JNK-AP1 pathway to downregulate P4HA1. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109224. [PMID: 31349139 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus. It's known that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-1 (P4HA1) have significant effect on cardiovascular function, but their interaction in cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) is still being unraveled. METHODS AND RESULTS The present study demonstrated that glucose promotes CFs proliferation and cardiac fibrosis. Using qRT-PCR, Western blot, CCK-8, EdU, flow cytometry, wound healing and Transwell assays to explore the functions of liraglutide and P4HA1 in high-glucose (HG)-induced CFs, we proved that liraglutide as well as silencing of P4HA1 inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and promoted cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HG-induced CFs. In addition, liraglutide downregulated P4HA1 expression, upregulated CD36 and P-JNK expression levels, and enhanced the DNA binding activity of AP-1 on P4HA1. Inhibition of CD36 or p--JNK promoted P4HA1 expression. CONCLUSIONS Liraglutide may down-regulate P4HA1 expression at least partly though CD36-JNK-AP1 pathway, thereby reducing myocardial fibrosis. Therefore, our study provides novel insight into the molecular mechanism and function of liraglutide in HG-mediated CFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, Shandong, China
| | - Huiqiang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, Shandong, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, Shandong, China
| | - Zhi Yan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, Shandong, China
| | - Jiangying Kuang
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Kong
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, Shandong, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Department of Gynaecology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China.
| | - Qinghua Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, Shandong, China.
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206
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Lin SS, Liu CX, Wang XL, Mao JY. Intervention Mechanisms of Xinmailong Injection, a Periplaneta Americana Extract, on Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review of Basic Researches. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:8512405. [PMID: 32454845 PMCID: PMC7219279 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8512405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND At present, the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease in the world are facing severe challenges. Xinmailong injection, which is derived from the animal medicine Periplaneta Americana, has certain advantages in the clinical treatment of cardiovascular disease. This study systematically evaluated the basic research reports of Xinmailong Injection on cardiovascular disease and made its pharmacological mechanisms more clear. METHODS Basic research reports on the intervention mechanisms of Xinmailong Injection on cardiovascular disease in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library (No. 2, 2019), CNKI, Wan Fang, and VIP databases were searched. The search time limit was from the establishment of the database to February 2019. The literature was screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and then the data were extracted and a descriptive analysis of the pharmacological mechanisms of Xinmailong Injection on cardiovascular disease was performed. RESULTS Finally, twenty-two basic research reports were included. The intervention mechanisms of Xinmailong Injection on cardiovascular disease mainly includes the following: inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction; regulating autophagy; promoting Ca2+ influx by activating excitability of excitation-contraction coupling (ECC); inhibiting overexpressions of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) to regulate the dynamic balance of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs); inhibiting the phosphorylation of extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), protein kinase B (AKT), and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) proteins and overexpression of the downstream transcription factor GATA4 in the nucleus; regulating vascular endothelial factors and so on. CONCLUSIONS Xinmailong Injection can protect cardiomyocytes and maintain the normal function of the heart in various ways, thus effectively preventing the development of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, Xinmailong Injection has great potential for clinical application, and more basic researches need to be carried out to explore the medicinal value of Xinmailong Injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Lin
- Cardiovascular Department, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Chun-Xiang Liu
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xian-Liang Wang
- Cardiovascular Department, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Mao
- Cardiovascular Department, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
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207
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Rieth AJ, Jung C, Gall H, Rolf A, Mitrovic V, Hamm CW, Sperzel J, Liebetrau C. Association of galectin-3 with changes in left ventricular function in recent-onset dilated cardiomyopathy. Biomarkers 2019; 24:652-658. [PMID: 31305163 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2019.1642959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: The course of newly diagnosed dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) varies from persistent reduction of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) to recovery or even worsening. The aim of the present study was to examine the prognostic value of selected biomarkers with regard to changes in LVEF. Methods: Main inclusion criterion was LVEF ≤45% with exclusion of coronary artery or valvular heart disease. The primary endpoint was LVEF ≤35% in the follow-up echocardiogram. Galectin-3, N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were related to the endpoint. Results: Data from 80 DCM patients (55 male, mean age 53 years) were analyzed. Median LVEF was 25% (IQR 25-30). The endpoint was met for 24 patients (30%). These had higher baseline levels of galectin-3 (median 20.3 ng/mL [IQR 14.3-26.9] vs. 14.7 ng/mL [IQR 10.9-17.7], p = 0.007) and NT-proBNP (3089 pg/mL [IQR 1731-6694] vs. 1498 pg/mL [IQR 775-3890]; p = 0.004) in univariate Cox regression analysis. ROC analysis revealed that CRP (median 0.4 mg/dL [IQR 0.2-1.2]) was also related to the endpoint (p = 0.043). Conclusion: Higher levels of galectin-3, NT-proBNP, and CRP were associated with LVEF ≤35% in our cohort. An approach utilizing a combination of biomarkers for patient management should be assessed in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas J Rieth
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff-Klinik , Bad Nauheim , Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Claudia Jung
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff-Klinik , Bad Nauheim , Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Henning Gall
- Department of Pneumology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Universities of Giessen and Marburg , Giessen , Germany
| | - Andreas Rolf
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff-Klinik , Bad Nauheim , Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) , Frankfurt am Main , Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Universities of Giessen and Marburg , Giessen , Germany
| | - Veselin Mitrovic
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff-Klinik , Bad Nauheim , Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Christian W Hamm
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff-Klinik , Bad Nauheim , Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) , Frankfurt am Main , Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Universities of Giessen and Marburg , Giessen , Germany
| | - Johannes Sperzel
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff-Klinik , Bad Nauheim , Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Christoph Liebetrau
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff-Klinik , Bad Nauheim , Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) , Frankfurt am Main , Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Universities of Giessen and Marburg , Giessen , Germany
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208
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Li X, Liu J, Shang X. Effect of tranilast on myocardial fibrosis in diabetes rats through TGF-β/Smad pathway. Minerva Med 2019; 112:153-154. [PMID: 31295986 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.19.06178-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Department of Cardiology, the Third People's Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, China -
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the Third People's Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Xingfu Shang
- Department of Cardiology, the Third People's Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
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209
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Ma D, Xu T, Cai G, Wu X, Lei Z, Liu X, Li J, Yang N. Effects of ivabradine hydrochloride combined with trimetazidine on myocardial fibrosis in rats with chronic heart failure. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:1639-1644. [PMID: 31410120 PMCID: PMC6676191 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of ivabradine hydrochloride (Iva) and trimetazidine on myocardial fibrosis (MF) in rats with chronic heart failure (CHF) werφe explored. Fifty Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham operation, model, Iva, trimetazidine and combined drug group with 10 rats each. All rats except those in sham operation group were subjected to establish CHF model by constricting the abdominal aorta. After successful modeling, rats in the sham operation and model group received normal saline (10 mg/kg) gavage daily, the Iva group received Iva (10 mg/kg) gavage, the trimetazidine group received trimetazidine (10 mg/kg) gavage, and the combined drug group were given Iva (10 mg/kg) and trimetazidine (10 mg/kg) gavage for 12 weeks. The changes of hemodynamic indexes and heart rate, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels as well as transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and collagen I (COL-I) expression levels in myocardial tissue of each group were detected. Compared with sham operation group, the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) level, CTGF expression, TGF-β1 mRNA and COL-I mRNA expression levels in model group increased significantly, but the ± dp/dtmax and SOD content in myocardial tissue decreased significantly. Compared with model group, the LVEDP level, CTGF expression, TGF-β1 mRNA and COL-I mRNA expression levels in Iva group, trimetazidine group and combined drugs decreased significantly, but the ± dp/dtmax and the SOD content in myocardial tissue increased significantly (P<0.05). Changes in the combined drug group were the most notable (P<0.05). Iva combined with trimetazidine reduces LVEDP in rat with CHF, increases SOD content, and inhibits CTGF expression and TGF-β1 and COL-I expression levels in myocardial tissues, thus achieving the inhibitory effect on MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwen Ma
- Department of Cardiac Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Tong Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Guoqiang Cai
- Department of Cardiac Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Xilin Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545002, P.R. China
| | - Zhendong Lei
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, General Hospital of Guizhou Panjiang Investment Holding Group Co., Ltd., Liupanshui, Guizhou 553536, P.R. China
| | - Xinmei Liu
- Department of Cardiac Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Junying Li
- Department of Cardiac Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Ning Yang
- Health Management Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
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210
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Epilepsy and ultra-structural heart changes: The role of catecholaminergic toxicity and myocardial fibrosis. What can we learn from cardiology? Seizure 2019; 71:105-109. [PMID: 31306872 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we explore the interaction of brain and heart in patients with epilepsy (PWE), focusing on new insights into possible pathways from epilepsy, catecholaminergic toxicity, subtle cardiac changes and sudden death. Initial evidence and biological plausibility point to an interaction between autonomic dysfunction, higher sympathetic drive, myocardial catecholaminergic toxicity and cardiac fibrosis resulting in subtle myocardial changes in structure, function, arrhythmogenesis and/or a heart failure-like phenotype in PWE. Non invasive imaging and biomarkers of cardiac injury and fibrosis are emerging as possible diagnostic tools to better stratify the risk of such individuals. Translational lessons from cardiac models of disease and ultra-structural lesions are used to support these considerations.
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211
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Stienen S, Rossignol P, Barros A, Girerd N, Pitt B, Zannad F, Ferreira JP. Determinants of anti-fibrotic response to mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist therapy: insights from the Eplerenone Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure Efficacy and Survival Study (EPHESUS) and Early Eplerenone Treatment in Patients with Acute ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction without Heart Failure (REMINDER) trials. Clin Res Cardiol 2019; 109:194-204. [DOI: 10.1007/s00392-019-01500-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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212
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Zhu Y, Pan W, Yang T, Meng X, Jiang Z, Tao L, Wang L. Upregulation of Circular RNA CircNFIB Attenuates Cardiac Fibrosis by Sponging miR-433. Front Genet 2019; 10:564. [PMID: 31316543 PMCID: PMC6611413 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is the pathological consequence of fibroblast proliferation and fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition. As a new class of endogenous non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been identified in many cardiovascular diseases including fibrosis, generally acting as microRNA (miRNA) sponges. Here, we report that the expression of circRNA-circNFIB was decreased in mice post-myocardial infarction heart samples, as well as in primary adult cardiac fibroblasts treated with TGF-β. Forced expression of circNFIB decreased cell proliferation in both NIH/3T3 cells and primary adult fibroblasts as evidenced by EdU incorporation. Conversely, inhibition of circNFIB promoted adult fibroblast proliferation. Furthermore, circNFIB was identified as a miR-433 endogenous sponge. Overexpression of circNFIB could attenuate pro-proliferative effects induced by the miR-433 mimic while inhibition of circNFIB exhibited opposite results. Finally, upregulation of circNFIB also reversed the expression levels of target genes and downstream signaling pathways of miR-433. In conclusion, circNFIB is critical for protection against cardiac fibrosis. The circNFIB-miR-433 axis may represent a novel therapeutic approach for treatment of fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Zhu
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Pan
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangmin Meng
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheyi Jiang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lichan Tao
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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213
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Lin CF, Su CJ, Liu JH, Chen ST, Huang HL, Pan SL. Potential Effects of CXCL9 and CCL20 on Cardiac Fibrosis in Patients with Myocardial Infarction and Isoproterenol-Treated Rats. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8050659. [PMID: 31083544 PMCID: PMC6572441 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8050659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemokines CXCL9 and CCL20 have been reported to be associated with ventricular dysfunction. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of CXCL9/CCL20 on cardiac fibrosis following myocardial infarction (MI). Blood samples of patients with MI were obtained to determine the serum CXCL9, CCL20, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). The expression of CXCL9 and CCL20 in hypoxia-incubated H9c2 cells and TNF-α/TGF-β-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were examined. The experimental MI of rats was produced by the intraperitoneal injection of isoproterenol (ISO) (85 mg/kg/day) for two consecutive days. The growth and migration of CXCL9/CCL20-incubated cardiac fibroblasts in vitro were evaluated. TNF-α/TGF-β-activated PBMCs showed an enhanced expression of CXCL9 and CCL20, while hypoxic H9c2 cells did not. Patients with MI had significantly enhanced levels of serum TGF-β and CXCL9 compared to healthy subjects. ISO-treated rats had increased serum CXCL9 levels and marked cardiac fibrosis compared to control rats. The trend of increased serum CCL20 in patients with MI and ISO-treated rats was not significant. CXCL9-incubated cardiac fibroblasts showed enhanced proliferation and migration. The findings of this study suggest that an enhanced expression of CXCL9 following MI might play a role in post-MI cardiac fibrosis by activating cardiac fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Feng Lin
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Jou Su
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Jia-Hong Liu
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Shui-Tien Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
| | - Han-Li Huang
- TMU Biomedical Commercialization Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Shiow-Lin Pan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- TMU Biomedical Commercialization Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
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214
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Wang L, Yuan D, Zheng J, Wu X, Wang J, Liu X, He Y, Zhang C, Liu C, Wang T, Zhou Z. Chikusetsu saponin IVa attenuates isoprenaline-induced myocardial fibrosis in mice through activation autophagy mediated by AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signaling. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 58:152764. [PMID: 31005723 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial fibrosis is a common pathological manifestation of many cardiovascular diseases at the end stage. Autophagy has been demonstrated to play a protective role in the cardiac fibrosis. Our previous studies have demonstrated that the Saponins from Panax japonicus effectively ameliorated the degree of fibrosis in rat acute myocardial ischemia injury model though the mechanisms are not clear. HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized that Chikusetsusaponin IVa (CS), a major component of Saponins from Panaxjaponicus, may improve isoprenaline induced myocardial fibrosis via AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 mediated autophagy METHODS: Continuous subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol for 21 days was used to induce myocardial fibrosis in mice and high and low doses (15 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg) of CS was administered by oral gavage to observe the efficacy. Animals were sacrificed 12 h after the last administration and samples were collected. H&E staining, Masson staining and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) staining were used to evaluate histopathological changes, collagen deposition and myocardial cell hypertrophy. Autophagy-related markers (LC3β, Beclin1 and p62) and AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway-related markers were evaluated by western blot. RESULTS CS effectively attenuated isoprenaline-induced myocardial fibrosis in vivo, reduced the heart index, inhibited inflammatory infiltration, decreased collagen deposition and myocardial cell size. CS treatment rescued the expression of autophagy-related markers. CS activated autophagy through the activation of AMPK, which in turn inhibited the phosphorylation of mTOR and ULK1(Ser757), rather than directly phosphorylate ULK1(Ser555) by AMPK. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrated that CS attenuated isoprenaline-induced myocardial fibrosis by activating autophagy through AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway. Our findings suggested that CS is a potential candidate drug against cardiac fibrosis and have identified potential drug targets for the treatment of heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luopei Wang
- Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, PR China
| | - Ding Yuan
- RENHE Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, PR China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, PR China
| | - Xuecui Wu
- Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, PR China
| | - Juntao Wang
- Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, PR China
| | - Xiu Liu
- Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, PR China
| | - Yumin He
- Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, PR China
| | - Changcheng Zhang
- Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, PR China
| | - Chaoqi Liu
- Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, PR China
| | - Ting Wang
- Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, PR China; Yichang Key Laboratory of ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease translational medicine (Three Gorges University), Yichang 443000, PR China.
| | - Zhiyong Zhou
- Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, PR China; Yichang Key Laboratory of ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease translational medicine (Three Gorges University), Yichang 443000, PR China.
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215
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Lee TM, Harn HJ, Chiou TW, Chuang MH, Chen CH, Chuang CH, Lin PC, Lin SZ. Preconditioned adipose-derived stem cells ameliorate cardiac fibrosis by regulating macrophage polarization in infarcted rat hearts through the PI3K/STAT3 pathway. J Transl Med 2019; 99:634-647. [PMID: 30683900 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0181-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells can modify macrophage phenotypes; however, the mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated whether n-butylidenephthalide (BP) primed adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) attenuated cardiac fibrosis via regulating macrophage phenotype by a PI3K/STAT3-dependent pathway in postinfarcted rats. Male Wistar rats after coronary ligation were allocated to receive either intramyocardial injection of vehicle, ADSCs (1 × 106 cells), BP-preconditioned ADSCs, (BP + lithium)-preconditioned ADSCs, (BP + LY294002)-preconditioned ADSCs, and (BP + S3I-201)-preconditioned ADSCs. ADSCs were primed for 16 h before implantation. BP-pretreated ADSCs increased the cell viability compared with naive ADSCs in the in vitro experiments. Infarct sizes were similar among the infarcted groups at the acute and chronic stages of infarction. At day 3 after infarction, post-infarction was associated with increased M1 macrophage infiltration, which was inhibited by administering naive ADSCs. Compared with naive ADSCs, BP-preconditioned ADSCs provided a significant increase of Akt and STAT3 phosphorylation, STAT3 activity, STAT3 nuclear translocation, myocardial IL-10 levels, and the percentage of M2 macrophage infiltration. The effects of BP on M2 polarization were reversed by LY294002 or S3I-201. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of both Akt and STAT3 was abolished by LY294002, whereas Akt phosphorylation was not affected following the inhibition of STAT3. The addition of lithium did not have additional effects compared with BP alone. After 4 weeks of implantation, ADSCs remained in the myocardium, and reduced fibrosis and improved cardiac function. BP-preconditioned ADSCs provided superior cardioprotection, greater ADSC engraftment, and antifibrotic effects compared with naive ADSCs. These results suggest that BP-pretreated ADSCs polarize macrophages into M2 cells more efficiently than naive ADSCs via the PI3K/STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Ming Lee
- Cardiovascular Institute, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Jyh Harn
- Bioinnovation Center, Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tzyy-Wen Chiou
- Department of Life Science and Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsi Chuang
- Department of Technology Management, Chung Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Gwo Xi Stem Cell Applied Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Po-Cheng Lin
- Gwo Xi Stem Cell Applied Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Bioinnovation Center, Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
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216
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Massoullié G, Sapin V, Ploux S, Rossignol P, Mulliez A, Jean F, Marie PY, Merlin C, Pereira B, Andronache M, Motreff P, Chabin X, Sellal JM, Citron B, Lusson JR, Vorilhon C, Clerfond G, Bordachar P, Zannad F, Eschalier R. Low fibrosis biomarker levels predict cardiac resynchronization therapy response. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6103. [PMID: 30988339 PMCID: PMC6465309 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42468-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is associated with heart failure and poor prognosis. Fibrosis biomarkers have been poorly evaluated as a tool to predict cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) response generating conflicting results. The present study assessed the predictive value of cardiac fibrosis biomarkers on CRT response. Patients underwent clinical examination, echocardiography and blood fibrosis biomarker evaluation prior to CRT implantation. At six months, a positive response to CRT was defined by a composite endpoint of no death or hospitalization for heart failure, and presence of left ventricular (LV) reverse remodeling (decrease in LV end-systolic volume ≥15%). Sixty patients were included in a multicenter study. At 6 months, 38 were positive responders to CRT and reached the response criteria (63%). Compared to non-responders, CRT responders displayed lower concentration levels of the fibrosis biomarkers procollagen type I C-terminal propeptide [PICP 135[99–166] ng/ml vs. 179[142–226]ng/ml, p = 0.001)] and procollagen type III N-terminal propeptide [PIIINP 5.50[3.66–8.96] ng/ml vs. 8.01[5.01–11.86]ng/ml, p = 0.014)] at baseline. In multivariate analysis, a PICP ≤ 163 ng/ml was associated with a positive CRT response [OR = 7.8(1.3–46.7), p = 0.023] independently of the presence of LBBB, QRS duration, LV lead position or non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. Altogether, the present findings show that a lower degree of cardiac fibrosis is associated with a positive response after CRT implantation. PICP evaluation before CRT implantation could help improve patient selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire Massoullié
- Cardiology Department, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Clermont Université, ISIT-CaVITI, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Vincent Sapin
- Department of Biochemistry, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sylvain Ploux
- Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, CHU Bordeaux, Université Bordeaux, IHU LIRYC, Bordeaux, France
| | - Patrick Rossignol
- INSERM, UMR-1116; Université de Lorraine; INSERM CIC 1433, Nancy, France.,INI-CRCT F-CRIN, Nancy, France
| | - Aurélien Mulliez
- Biostatistics Unit (Clinical Research and Innovation Direction), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Jean
- Cardiology Department, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Marie
- INSERM, UMR-1116; Université de Lorraine; CHRU-Nancy, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Nancy, France
| | - Charles Merlin
- Nuclear Medicine, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Biostatistics Unit (Clinical Research and Innovation Direction), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marius Andronache
- Cardiology Department, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pascal Motreff
- Cardiology Department, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Clermont Université, ISIT-CaVITI, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Xavier Chabin
- Cardiology Department, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Bernard Citron
- Cardiology Department, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Clermont Université, ISIT-CaVITI, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-René Lusson
- Cardiology Department, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Clermont Université, ISIT-CaVITI, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Charles Vorilhon
- Cardiology Department, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Guillaume Clerfond
- Cardiology Department, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Clermont Université, ISIT-CaVITI, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Bordachar
- Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, CHU Bordeaux, Université Bordeaux, IHU LIRYC, Bordeaux, France
| | - Faiez Zannad
- INSERM, UMR-1116; Université de Lorraine; INSERM CIC 1433, Nancy, France.,INI-CRCT F-CRIN, Nancy, France
| | - Romain Eschalier
- Cardiology Department, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France. .,Clermont Université, ISIT-CaVITI, Clermont-Ferrand, France. .,INI-CRCT F-CRIN, Nancy, France.
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217
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González A, Ravassa S, López B, Moreno MU, Beaumont J, San José G, Querejeta R, Bayés-Genís A, Díez J. Myocardial Remodeling in Hypertension. Hypertension 2019; 72:549-558. [PMID: 30354762 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.11125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arantxa González
- From the Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (A.G., S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.B., G.S.J., J.D.).,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain (A.G., S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.B., G.S.J., J.D.).,CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain (A.G., S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.B., G.S.J., A.B.-G., J.D.)
| | - Susana Ravassa
- From the Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (A.G., S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.B., G.S.J., J.D.).,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain (A.G., S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.B., G.S.J., J.D.).,CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain (A.G., S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.B., G.S.J., A.B.-G., J.D.)
| | - Begoña López
- From the Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (A.G., S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.B., G.S.J., J.D.).,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain (A.G., S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.B., G.S.J., J.D.).,CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain (A.G., S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.B., G.S.J., A.B.-G., J.D.)
| | - María U Moreno
- From the Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (A.G., S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.B., G.S.J., J.D.).,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain (A.G., S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.B., G.S.J., J.D.).,CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain (A.G., S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.B., G.S.J., A.B.-G., J.D.)
| | - Javier Beaumont
- From the Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (A.G., S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.B., G.S.J., J.D.).,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain (A.G., S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.B., G.S.J., J.D.).,CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain (A.G., S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.B., G.S.J., A.B.-G., J.D.)
| | - Gorka San José
- From the Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (A.G., S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.B., G.S.J., J.D.).,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain (A.G., S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.B., G.S.J., J.D.).,CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain (A.G., S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.B., G.S.J., A.B.-G., J.D.)
| | - Ramón Querejeta
- Division of Cardiology, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián, Spain (R.Q.)
| | - Antoni Bayés-Genís
- CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain (A.G., S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.B., G.S.J., A.B.-G., J.D.).,Heart Failure Unit and Cardiology Service, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (A.B.-G.).,Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain (A.B.-G.)
| | - Javier Díez
- From the Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (A.G., S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.B., G.S.J., J.D.).,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain (A.G., S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.B., G.S.J., J.D.).,CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain (A.G., S.R., B.L., M.U.M., J.B., G.S.J., A.B.-G., J.D.).,Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery (J.D.).,Department of Nephrology (J.D.), University of Navarra Clinic, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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218
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Chacar S, Hajal J, Saliba Y, Bois P, Louka N, Maroun RG, Faivre J, Fares N. Long-term intake of phenolic compounds attenuates age-related cardiac remodeling. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12894. [PMID: 30680911 PMCID: PMC6413651 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
With the onset of advanced age, cardiac-associated pathologies have increased in prevalence. The hallmarks of cardiac aging include cardiomyocyte senescence, fibroblast proliferation, inflammation, and hypertrophy. The imbalance between levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant enzymes is greatly enhanced in aging cells, promoting cardiac remodeling. In this work, we studied the long-term impact of phenolic compounds (PC) on age-associated cardiac remodeling. Three-month-old Wistar rats were treated for 14 months till middle-age with either 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 mg kg-1 day-1 of PC. PC treatment showed a dose-dependent preservation of cardiac ejection fraction and fractional shortening as well as decreased hypertrophy reflected by left ventricular chamber diameter and posterior wall thickness as compared to untreated middle-aged control animals. Analyses of proteins from cardiac tissue showed that PC attenuated several hypertrophic pathways including calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFATc3), calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CAMKII), extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), and glycogen synthase kinase 3ß (GSK 3ß). PC-treated groups exhibited reduced plasma inflammatory and fibrotic markers and revealed as well ameliorated extracellular matrix remodeling and interstitial inflammation by a downregulated p38 pathway. Myocardia from PC-treated middle-aged rats presented less fibrosis with suppression of profibrotic transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1) Smad pathway. Additionally, reduction of apoptosis and oxidative damage in the PC-treated groups was reflected by elevated antioxidant enzymes and reduced RNA/DNA damage markers. Our findings pinpoint that a daily consumption of phenolic compounds could preserve the heart from the detrimental effects of aging storm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Chacar
- Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire de Recherche en Physiologie et Physiopathologie, LRPP, Pôle Technologie SantéUniversité Saint JosephBeyrouthLiban
- Faculté des Sciences, Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, UR GPF, Laboratoire CTAUniversité Saint‐JosephBeyrouthLiban
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires (STIM)Université de PoitiersPoitiersFrance
| | - Joelle Hajal
- Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire de Recherche en Physiologie et Physiopathologie, LRPP, Pôle Technologie SantéUniversité Saint JosephBeyrouthLiban
| | - Youakim Saliba
- Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire de Recherche en Physiologie et Physiopathologie, LRPP, Pôle Technologie SantéUniversité Saint JosephBeyrouthLiban
| | - Patrick Bois
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires (STIM)Université de PoitiersPoitiersFrance
| | - Nicolas Louka
- Faculté des Sciences, Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, UR GPF, Laboratoire CTAUniversité Saint‐JosephBeyrouthLiban
| | - Richard G. Maroun
- Faculté des Sciences, Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, UR GPF, Laboratoire CTAUniversité Saint‐JosephBeyrouthLiban
| | - Jean‐François Faivre
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires (STIM)Université de PoitiersPoitiersFrance
| | - Nassim Fares
- Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire de Recherche en Physiologie et Physiopathologie, LRPP, Pôle Technologie SantéUniversité Saint JosephBeyrouthLiban
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219
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Zhang C, Zhou Y, Lai X, Zhou G, Wang H, Feng X, Chen Y, Wu Y, Wang T, Ma L. Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alleviate Myocardial Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition in a Rat Dilated Cardiomyopathy Model. Transplant Proc 2019; 51:936-941. [PMID: 30979486 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2019.01.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HuMSCs) have been shown to suppress cardiac fibrosis; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Recent studies have shown that endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) plays a crucial part in myocardial fibrosis. In the present study, we investigated the suppressive role of HuMSCs in cardiac fibrosis and related mechanisms in a rat dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) model. METHODS Male Lewis rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. Rats without any treatment served as a negative control group, while the DCM rats, which were generated by immunization with porcine myosin, were divided into 2 groups: a HuMSC group, in which HuMSCs (1 × 106 cells/rat) were injected intravenously, and a vehicle group, in which rats were injected with volume-matched solution containing no HuMSCs. Histologic and immunofluorescent measurements were used to evaluate the effects of HuMSCs on cardiac fibrosis and EndMT. RESULTS We observed a significant increase in myocardial fibrosis, and elevated EndMT in rats of the vehicle group were observed compared with those in the negative control group along with the increased activity of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 signaling. Treatment with HuMSCs repressed the increase in myocardial fibrosis and EndMT observed in DCM rats, which correlated with decreased activity of TGF-β1/ERK1/2 signaling. CONCLUSION The HuMSCs attenuated cardiac fibrosis at least partly through the inhibition of TGF-β/ERK-induced EndMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Y Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - X Lai
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - G Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Department of Paediatrics, Children's Hospital of Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - H Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - X Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Y Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - T Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - L Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Department of Paediatrics, Children's Hospital of Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Pediatrics, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Pingshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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220
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Metra M. March 2019 at a glance: epidemiology and clinical trials. Eur J Heart Fail 2019; 21:259-260. [PMID: 30883999 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Metra
- Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
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221
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Ferreira JP, Girerd N, Bozec E, Mercklé L, Pizard A, Bouali S, Eby E, Leroy C, Machu JL, Boivin JM, Lamiral Z, Rossignol P, Zannad F. Cohort Profile: Rationale and design of the fourth visit of the STANISLAS cohort: a familial longitudinal population-based cohort from the Nancy region of France. Int J Epidemiol 2019; 47:395-395j. [PMID: 29220499 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyx240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Ferreira
- Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.,Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nicolas Girerd
- Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Erwan Bozec
- Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Ludovic Mercklé
- Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Anne Pizard
- Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Sanae Bouali
- Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Elise Eby
- Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Céline Leroy
- Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Loup Machu
- Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Marc Boivin
- Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Zohra Lamiral
- Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Patrick Rossignol
- Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Faiez Zannad
- Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
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222
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de Boer RA, De Keulenaer G, Bauersachs J, Brutsaert D, Cleland JG, Diez J, Du XJ, Ford P, Heinzel FR, Lipson KE, McDonagh T, Lopez-Andres N, Lunde IG, Lyon AR, Pollesello P, Prasad SK, Tocchetti CG, Mayr M, Sluijter JPG, Thum T, Tschöpe C, Zannad F, Zimmermann WH, Ruschitzka F, Filippatos G, Lindsey ML, Maack C, Heymans S. Towards better definition, quantification and treatment of fibrosis in heart failure. A scientific roadmap by the Committee of Translational Research of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail 2019; 21:272-285. [PMID: 30714667 PMCID: PMC6607480 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a pivotal player in heart failure development and progression. Measurements of (markers of) fibrosis in tissue and blood may help to diagnose and risk stratify patients with heart failure, and its treatment may be effective in preventing heart failure and its progression. A lack of pathophysiological insights and uniform definitions has hampered the research in fibrosis and heart failure. The Translational Research Committee of the Heart Failure Association discussed several aspects of fibrosis in their workshop. Early insidious perturbations such as subclinical hypertension or inflammation may trigger first fibrotic events, while more dramatic triggers such as myocardial infarction and myocarditis give rise to full blown scar formation and ongoing fibrosis in diseased hearts. Aging itself is also associated with a cardiac phenotype that includes fibrosis. Fibrosis is an extremely heterogeneous phenomenon, as several stages of the fibrotic process exist, each with different fibrosis subtypes and a different composition of various cells and proteins — resulting in a very complex pathophysiology. As a result, detection of fibrosis, e.g. using current cardiac imaging modalities or plasma biomarkers, will detect only specific subforms of fibrosis, but cannot capture all aspects of the complex fibrotic process. Furthermore, several anti‐fibrotic therapies are under investigation, but such therapies generally target aspecific aspects of the fibrotic process and suffer from a lack of precision. This review discusses the mechanisms and the caveats and proposes a roadmap for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf A de Boer
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Johann Bauersachs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dirk Brutsaert
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - John G Cleland
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics & Clinical Trials, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Javier Diez
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center for Applied Medical Research, Departments of Nephrology, and Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, University Clinic, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Xiao-Jun Du
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Frank R Heinzel
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charite Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Natalia Lopez-Andres
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Universidad Publica de Navarra, Idisna, Spain
| | - Ida G Lunde
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexander R Lyon
- Royal Brompton Hospital, and Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Carlo G Tocchetti
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Manuel Mayr
- The James Black Centre, King's College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- University Medical Centre Utrecht, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Excellence Cluster, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Tschöpe
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charite Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Faiez Zannad
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique, CHU de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Wolfram-Hubertus Zimmermann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Frank Ruschitzka
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerasimos Filippatos
- Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center and Research Service, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Christoph Maack
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, University and University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stephane Heymans
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,The Netherlands Heart Institute, Nl-HI, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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223
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Metra M. July 2018 at a glance: practical guidance in acute heart failure, pathophysiology and clinical trials of medical therapy. Eur J Heart Fail 2019; 20:1079-1080. [PMID: 29962007 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Metra
- Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
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224
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MicroRNA-19b-1 reverses ischaemia-induced heart failure by inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis and targeting Bcl2 l11/BIM. Heart Vessels 2019; 34:1221-1229. [DOI: 10.1007/s00380-018-01336-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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225
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Li AY, Wang JJ, Yang SC, Zhao YS, Li JR, Liu Y, Sun JH, An LP, Guan P, Ji ES. Protective role of Gentianella acuta on isoprenaline induced myocardial fibrosis in rats via inhibition of NF-κB pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 110:733-741. [PMID: 30554111 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gentianella acuta (Michx.) Hulten (G. acuta) has been widely used in Mongolian medicines for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in Ewenki and Oroqen, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and related mechanism of G. acuta on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced oxidative stress, fibrosis, and myocardial damage in rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into the normal control group, ISO induced group and ISO+G. acuta treatment group. Rats were administered with ISO subcutaneously (5 mg/kg/day) for 7 days, and were orally administered simultaneously with aqueous extracts of G. acuta for 21 days. This investigation showed G. acuta treatment ameliorated cardiac structural disorder, excessive collagenous fiber accumulation and cardiac malfunction. Compared with the ISO induced model group, G. acuta treatment increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and glutathione (GSH) level, prevented the rise of malondialdehyde (MDA), and decreased hydroxyproline contents in the heart tissues. Moreover, G. acuta reduced the expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and inhibited the expression and activation of NF-κB-P65 in myocardial tissues. These results suggested that G. acuta protects against ISO-induced cardiac malfunction probably by preventing oxidative stress, and fibrosis, and the mechanism might be through inhibiting NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ying Li
- Hebei key laboratory of Chinese medicine research on cardio-cerebrovascular disease and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Jing-Jing Wang
- Department of Physiology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Sheng-Chang Yang
- Department of Physiology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Ya-Shuo Zhao
- Scientific Research Center, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Jie-Ru Li
- Department of Physiology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- Hebei key laboratory of Chinese medicine research on cardio-cerebrovascular disease and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Jia-Huan Sun
- Hebei key laboratory of Chinese medicine research on cardio-cerebrovascular disease and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Li-Ping An
- Hebei key laboratory of Chinese medicine research on cardio-cerebrovascular disease and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Peng Guan
- Department of Physiology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - En-Sheng Ji
- Department of Physiology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China.
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226
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He Q, Wang F, Honda T, James J, Li J, Redington A. Loss of miR-144 signaling interrupts extracellular matrix remodeling after myocardial infarction leading to worsened cardiac function. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16886. [PMID: 30443020 PMCID: PMC6237773 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35314-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that MicroRNA (miR) -144 is a key modulator of the acute cardioprotection associated with remote ischemic preconditioning and post myocardial infarction (MI) remodeling. In this study we examine the biology of the remodeling response after permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in male miR-144 KO mice, and wild-type littermates (WT). Collagen content and cross linking were determined by hydroxyproline and pyridinoline assays, MI size and scar thickness were measured post PicoSirius Red staining, and cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography. miR-144 KO mice developed normally with normal cardiac function, however after MI, infarction size was greater and scar thickness was reduced in miR-144 KO mice compared with WT littermates. miR-144 KO mice had a lower incidence of acute cardiac rupture compared with WT littermates early after MI but there was impaired late remodeling, reflected by increased total cardiac collagen content and collagen cross-linkage associated with changes in Zeb1/LOX1 axis, and decreased left ventricular ejection fraction. We conclude that miR-144 is involved in extracellular matrix remodeling post MI and its loss leads to increased myocardial fibrosis and impaired functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan He
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Fangfei Wang
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Takashi Honda
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeanne James
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Division of Cardiology, Labatt Family Heart Center, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Redington
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
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227
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Čelutkienė J, Plymen CM, Flachskampf FA, de Boer RA, Grapsa J, Manka R, Anderson L, Garbi M, Barberis V, Filardi PP, Gargiulo P, Zamorano JL, Lainscak M, Seferovic P, Ruschitzka F, Rosano GMC, Nihoyannopoulos P. Innovative imaging methods in heart failure: a shifting paradigm in cardiac assessment. Position statement on behalf of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail 2018; 20:1615-1633. [PMID: 30411833 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Myriad advances in all fields of cardiac imaging have stimulated and reflected new understanding of cardiac performance, myocardial damage and the mechanisms of heart failure. In this paper, the Heart Failure Association assesses the potential usefulness of innovative imaging modalities in enabling more precise diagnostic and prognostic evaluation, as well as in guiding treatment strategies. Many new methods have gradually penetrated clinical practice and are on their way to becoming a part of routine evaluation. This paper focuses on myocardial deformation and three-dimensional ultrasound imaging; stress tests for the evaluation of contractile and filling function; the progress of magnetic resonance techniques; molecular imaging and other sound innovations. The Heart Failure Association aims to highlight the ways in which paradigms have shifted in several areas of cardiac assessment. These include reassessing of the simplified concept of ejection fraction and implementation of the new parameters of cardiac performance applicable to all heart failure phenotypes; switching from two-dimensional to more accurate and reproducible three-dimensional ultrasound volumetric evaluation; greater tissue characterization via recently developed magnetic resonance modalities; moving from assessing cardiac function and congestion at rest to assessing it during stress; from invasive to novel non-invasive hybrid techniques depicting coronary anatomy and myocardial perfusion; as well as from morphometry to the imaging of pathophysiologic processes such as inflammation and apoptosis. This position paper examines the specific benefits of imaging innovations for practitioners dealing with heart failure aetiology, risk stratification and monitoring, and, in addition, for scientists involved in the development of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Čelutkienė
- Clinic of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.,State Research Institute Centre For Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Carla M Plymen
- Cardiology Department, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Frank A Flachskampf
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, and Clinical Physiology, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Julia Grapsa
- Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Robert Manka
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Anderson
- Cardiovascular Sciences Research Centre, St George's University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of London, London, UK
| | - Madalina Garbi
- King's Health Partners, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | - Paola Gargiulo
- IRCCS SDN, Institute of Nuclear and Diagnostic Sciences, Naples, Italy
| | - Jose Luis Zamorano
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain; University Alcala, Madrid, Spain; CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
| | - Mitja Lainscak
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Murska Sobota, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Murska Sobota, Slovenia
| | - Petar Seferovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Frank Ruschitzka
- University Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Petros Nihoyannopoulos
- Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK; Cardiology Department, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.,1st Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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228
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Pogontke C, Guadix JA, Ruiz-Villalba A, Pérez-Pomares JM. Development of the Myocardial Interstitium. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 302:58-68. [PMID: 30288955 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The space between cardiac myocytes is commonly referred-to as the cardiac interstitium (CI). The CI is a unique, complex and dynamic microenvironment in which multiple cell types, extracellular matrix molecules, and instructive signals interact to crucially support heart homeostasis and promote cardiac responses to normal and pathologic stimuli. Despite the biomedical and clinical relevance of the CI, its detailed cellular structure remains to be elucidated. In this review, we will dissect the organization of the cardiac interstitium by following its changing cellular and molecular composition from embryonic developmental stages to adulthood, providing a systematic analysis of the biological components of the CI. The main goal of this review is to contribute to our understanding of the CI roles in health and disease. Anat Rec, 302:58-68, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pogontke
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Instituto Malagueño de Biomedicina (IBIMA), Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29080, Málaga, Spain.,BIONAND, Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología (Junta de Andalucía, Universidad de Málaga), Severo Ochoa n°25, 29590 Campanillas (Málaga), Spain
| | - Juan A Guadix
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Instituto Malagueño de Biomedicina (IBIMA), Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29080, Málaga, Spain.,BIONAND, Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología (Junta de Andalucía, Universidad de Málaga), Severo Ochoa n°25, 29590 Campanillas (Málaga), Spain
| | - Adrián Ruiz-Villalba
- Stem Cell Therapy Area, Foundation for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - José M Pérez-Pomares
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Instituto Malagueño de Biomedicina (IBIMA), Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29080, Málaga, Spain.,BIONAND, Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología (Junta de Andalucía, Universidad de Málaga), Severo Ochoa n°25, 29590 Campanillas (Málaga), Spain
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229
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Ferreira JP, Barros A, Pitt B, Montalescot G, de Sa EL, Hamm CW, Flather M, Verheugt F, Shi H, Leite-Moreira A, Vincent J, Rossignol P, Zannad F. Collagen biomarker bioprofiles predicting the antifibrotic response to eplerenone in myocardial infarction: findings from the REMINDER trial. Clin Res Cardiol 2018; 107:1192-1195. [DOI: 10.1007/s00392-018-1373-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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230
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Ferreira JP, Rossignol P, Pizard A, Machu JL, Collier T, Girerd N, Huby AC, Gonzalez A, Diez J, López B, Sattar N, Cleland JG, Sever PS, Zannad F. Potential spironolactone effects on collagen metabolism biomarkers in patients with uncontrolled blood pressure. Heart 2018; 105:307-314. [PMID: 30121630 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2018-313182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increase in myocardial collagen content may contribute to the development of heart failure; this might be inhibited or reversed by mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs). We investigated changes in serum concentrations of the collagen synthesis biomarkers N-terminal propeptide of procollagen type III (PIIINP) (primary outcome) and C-terminal propeptide of procollagen type I (PICP) (secondary outcome) after non-randomised initiation of spironolactone as add-on therapy among patients with resistant hypertension enrolled in the 'Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes' trial (ASCOT). METHODS An age/sex matching plus propensity-scored logistic regression model incorporating variables related to the outcome and spironolactone treatment was created to compare patients treated with spironolactone for a 9-month period versus matched controls. A within-person analysis comparing changes in serum biomarker concentrations in the 9 months before versus after spironolactone treatment was also performed. RESULTS Patients included in the between-person analysis (n=146) were well matched: the mean age was 63±7 years and 11% were woman. Serum concentrations of PIIINP and PICP rose in 'controls' and fell during spironolactone treatment (adjusted means +0.52 (-0.05 to 1.09) vs -0.41 (-0.97 to 0.16) ng/mL, p=0.031 for PIIINP and +4.54(-1.77 to 10.9) vs -6.36 (-12.5 to -0.21) ng/mL, p=0.023 for PICP). For the within-person analysis (n=173), spironolactone treatment was also associated with a reduction in PICP (beta estimate=-11.82(-17.53 to -6.10) ng/mL, p<0.001) but not in PIIINP levels. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with spironolactone was associated with a reduction in serum biomarkers of collagen synthesis independently of blood pressure in patients with hypertension, suggesting that spironolactone might exert favourable effects on myocardial collagen synthesis and fibrosis. Whether this effect might contribute to slowing the progression to heart failure is worth investigating.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Ferreira
- Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique Inserm 1433, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.,CHRU de Nancy, Inserm U1116, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.,FCRIN INI-CRCT, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.,Department of Physiology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrick Rossignol
- Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique Inserm 1433, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.,CHRU de Nancy, Inserm U1116, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.,FCRIN INI-CRCT, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Anne Pizard
- Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique Inserm 1433, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.,CHRU de Nancy, Inserm U1116, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.,FCRIN INI-CRCT, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Loup Machu
- Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique Inserm 1433, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.,CHRU de Nancy, Inserm U1116, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.,FCRIN INI-CRCT, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Timothy Collier
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Nicolas Girerd
- Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique Inserm 1433, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.,CHRU de Nancy, Inserm U1116, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.,FCRIN INI-CRCT, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Anne-Cécile Huby
- Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique Inserm 1433, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.,CHRU de Nancy, Inserm U1116, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.,FCRIN INI-CRCT, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Arantxa Gonzalez
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA, University of Navarra and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Diez
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA, University of Navarra and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, University of Navarra Clinic, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Begoña López
- CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - John G Cleland
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Peter S Sever
- International Centre for Circulatory Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Faiez Zannad
- Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique Inserm 1433, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.,CHRU de Nancy, Inserm U1116, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.,FCRIN INI-CRCT, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
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231
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Graziani F, Varone F, Crea F, Richeldi L. Treating heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: learning from pulmonary fibrosis. Eur J Heart Fail 2018; 20:1385-1391. [PMID: 30085383 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has a poor prognosis, and an effective treatment is currently lacking. Increasing evidence suggests a prevailing pathogenic role of cardiac fibrosis in HFpEF, which generates the possibility of a mechanistic overlap with pulmonary fibrosis. Indeed, cardiac and pulmonary fibrosis share some characteristics and molecular pathways, such as that of transforming growth factor-β. If pulmonary and cardiac fibrosis share common pathways, we can hypothesize a beneficial effect of anti-fibrotic drugs used in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis on cardiac outcomes. Of note, pirfenidone has been tested in animal models of cardiac fibrosis and was found to be effective in reducing ventricular remodelling. Yet, no results are hitherto available for humans. In this review article, we discuss the potential benefit of anti-fibrotic treatment in HFpEF. In particular, we propose to reappraise safety data collected in placebo-controlled trials of anti-fibrotic drugs in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, to explore the hypothesis that these might reduce cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Graziani
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Varone
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Crea
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Richeldi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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232
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The role of CD44, hyaluronan and NHE1 in cardiac remodeling. Life Sci 2018; 209:197-201. [PMID: 30089233 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac remodeling, characterized by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, predisposes the heart to failure if left unresolved. Understanding the signaling mechanisms involved in excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is necessary to identify the means to regress the development of cardiac remodeling and heart failure. Recently, hyaluronan (HA), a ubiquitously expressed glycosaminoglycan in the ECM, was shown to participate in tissue fibrosis and myofibroblast proliferation through interacting with its ubiquitously expressed cell-surface receptor, CD44. CD44 is a multifunctional transmembrane glycoprotein that serves as a cell-surface receptor for a number of ECM proteins. The mechanism by which the interaction between CD44-HA contributes to ECM and cardiac remodeling remains unknown. A previous study performed on a non-cardiac model showed that CD44-HA enhances Na+/H+ exchanger isoform-1 (NHE1) activity, causing ECM remodeling, HA metabolism and tumor invasion. Interestingly, NHE1 has been demonstrated to be involved in cardiac remodeling and myocardial fibrosis. In addition, it has previously been demonstrated that CD44 is upregulated in transgenic mouse hearts expressing active NHE-1. The role of CD44, HA and NHE1 and the cellular interplay of these factors in the ECM and cardiac remodeling is the focus of this review.
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233
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Li N, Zhou H, Ma ZG, Zhu JX, Liu C, Song P, Kong CY, Wu HM, Deng W, Tang QZ. Geniposide Alleviates Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Fibrosis Partially via SIRT1 Activation in vivo and in vitro. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:854. [PMID: 30123131 PMCID: PMC6086014 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Geniposide (GE) is a major component in the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. Oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and canonical Smad3 pathway are implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis. We aim to investigate the protective roles of GE in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac fibrosis. Methods: ISO was used to induce cardiac fibrosis in male C57BL/6 mice. GE and the EX-527 were given for 2 weeks to detect the effects of GE on cardiac fibrosis. Levels of oxidative stress, ER stress, and Smad3 were evaluated by real time-PCR, Western blots, immunohistochemistry staining, immunofluorescence staining, and assay kits. Results: GE treatment alleviated cardiac dysfunction, fibrosis, and hypertrophy in mice response to ISO. Additionally, GE also suppressed the transformation of cardiac fibroblasts to myofibroblasts stimulated by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in vitro. Mechanistically, GE inhibited the oxidative stress, ER stress, as well as Smad3 pathway activated by ISO or TGF-β. A selective antagonist of sirtuin 1 deacetylase (SIRT1), EX-527, partially counteracted the anti-fibrotic effect and weakened the inhibitory effect on the transformation of cardiac fibroblasts to myofibroblasts after the treatment of GE. Acetylated Smad3 (ac-Smad3), oxidative stress, as well as ER stress pathway were significantly enhanced after SIRT1 was blocked while phosphorylated Smad3 (P-Smad3) was not affected. Conclusion: GE could combat cardiac fibrosis in vivo and in vitro by inhibiting oxidative stress, ER stress, and ac-Smad3 in a SIRT1-dependent manner and suppressing P-Samd3 pathway independent of SIRT1 activation. GE is expected to be a promising agent against cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen-Guo Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin-Xiu Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Song
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun-Yan Kong
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hai-Ming Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi-Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
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234
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Andenæs K, Lunde IG, Mohammadzadeh N, Dahl CP, Aronsen JM, Strand ME, Palmero S, Sjaastad I, Christensen G, Engebretsen KVT, Tønnessen T. The extracellular matrix proteoglycan fibromodulin is upregulated in clinical and experimental heart failure and affects cardiac remodeling. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201422. [PMID: 30052659 PMCID: PMC6063439 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pressure overload of the heart leads to cardiac remodeling that may progress into heart failure, a common, morbid and mortal condition. Increased mechanistic insight into remodeling is instrumental for development of novel heart failure treatment. Cardiac remodeling comprises cardiomyocyte hypertrophic growth, extracellular matrix alterations including fibrosis, and inflammation. Fibromodulin is a small leucine-rich proteoglycan that regulates collagen fibrillogenesis. Fibromodulin is expressed in the cardiac extracellular matrix, however its role in the heart remains largely unknown. We investigated fibromodulin levels in myocardial biopsies from heart failure patients and mice, subjected fibromodulin knock-out (FMOD-KO) mice to pressure overload by aortic banding, and overexpressed fibromodulin in cultured cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts using adenovirus. Fibromodulin was 3-10-fold upregulated in hearts of heart failure patients and mice. Both cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts expressed fibromodulin, and its expression was increased by pro-inflammatory stimuli. Without stress, FMOD-KO mice showed no cardiac phenotype. Upon aortic banding, left ventricles of FMOD-KO mice developed mildly exacerbated hypertrophic remodeling compared to wild-type mice, with increased cardiomyocyte size and altered infiltration of leukocytes. There were no differences in mortality, left ventricle dilatation, dysfunction or expression of heart failure markers. Although collagen amount and cross-linking were comparable in FMOD-KO and wild-type, overexpression of fibromodulin in cardiac fibroblasts in vitro decreased their migratory capacity and expression of fibrosis-associated molecules, i.e. the collagen-cross linking enzyme lysyl oxidase, transglutaminase 2 and periostin. In conclusion, despite a robust fibromodulin upregulation in clinical and experimental heart failure, FMOD-KO mice showed a relatively mild hypertrophic phenotype. In cultured cardiac fibroblasts, fibromodulin has anti-fibrotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kine Andenæs
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida G. Lunde
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Naiyereh Mohammadzadeh
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christen P. Dahl
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Magnus Aronsen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Bjørknes College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari E. Strand
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sheryl Palmero
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin V. T. Engebretsen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Surgery, Vestre Viken Hospital, Drammen, Norway
| | - Theis Tønnessen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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235
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Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 (SMPD1) mediates the attenuation of myocardial infarction-induced cardiac fibrosis by astaxanthin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:637-643. [PMID: 29906461 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Uncontrolled cardiac fibrosis following myocardial infarction (MI) is a critical pathological change leading to heart failure. Current pharmacotherapies are limited by unsatisfactory efficacy and undesired systemic side effects. Astaxanthin (ASX) is a natural carotenoid with strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The effects of ASX on MI-induced cardiac fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, after the establishment of MI model, mice were administrated with ASX (200 mg/kg⋅d) for 4 weeks. We found that ASX treatment attenuated cardiac fibrosis and improved heart function following MI, as evidenced by reduced collagen I/III ratio, hydroxyproline content and left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP). Lipidomic analysis revealed the overaccumulation of myocardial ceramides in mice with cardiac fibrosis, which was normalized by ASX treatment. Molecular docking analysis showed that ASX produced a tight fit in the pocket of sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 (SMPD1), a key enzyme in the production of ceramides. Western blot analysis confirmed the significant inhibition of SMPD1 expression by ASX. Furthermore, MI-induced overexpression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and phosphorylated SMAD2/3 were attenuated by ASX administration. SMPD1 knockout (KO) abrogated the beneficial effect of ASX. Taken together, our results suggest that the cardioprotective effects of ASX are mediated by SMPD1 through the indirection inhibition of TGF- β1/SMAD signaling cascade.
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236
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Shi G, Yang X, Pan M, Sun J, Ke H, Zhang C, Geng H. Apixaban attenuates ischemia-induced myocardial fibrosis by inhibition of Gq/PKC signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 500:550-556. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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237
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Fialho GL, Wolf P, Walz R, Lin K. Increased cardiac stiffness is associated with autonomic dysfunction in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia 2018; 59:e85-e90. [DOI: 10.1111/epi.14084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme L. Fialho
- Cardiology Division; Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC); Florianópolis SC Brazil
- Medical Sciences Postgraduate Program; Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC); Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - Peter Wolf
- Medical Sciences Postgraduate Program; Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC); Florianópolis SC Brazil
- Neurology Division; Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC); Florianópolis SC Brazil
- Danish Epilepsy Center; Dianalund Denmark
| | - Roger Walz
- Medical Sciences Postgraduate Program; Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC); Florianópolis SC Brazil
- Neurology Division; Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC); Florianópolis SC Brazil
- Center for Applied Neurosciences (CeNAp); Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC); Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - Katia Lin
- Medical Sciences Postgraduate Program; Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC); Florianópolis SC Brazil
- Neurology Division; Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC); Florianópolis SC Brazil
- Center for Applied Neurosciences (CeNAp); Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC); Florianópolis SC Brazil
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238
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Tao H, Song ZY, Ding XS, Yang JJ, Shi KH, Li J. Epigenetic signatures in cardiac fibrosis, special emphasis on DNA methylation and histone modification. Heart Fail Rev 2018; 23:789-799. [DOI: 10.1007/s10741-018-9694-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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239
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Bersini S, Gilardi M, Mora M, Krol S, Arrigoni C, Candrian C, Zanotti S, Moretti M. Tackling muscle fibrosis: From molecular mechanisms to next generation engineered models to predict drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018. [PMID: 29518415 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Muscle fibrosis represents the end stage consequence of different diseases, among which muscular dystrophies, leading to severe impairment of muscle functions. Muscle fibrosis involves the production of several growth factors, cytokines and proteolytic enzymes and is strictly associated to inflammatory processes. Moreover, fibrosis causes profound changes in tissue properties, including increased stiffness and density, lower pH and oxygenation. Up to now, there is no therapeutic approach able to counteract the fibrotic process and treatments directed against muscle pathologies are severely impaired by the harsh conditions of the fibrotic environment. The design of new therapeutics thus need innovative tools mimicking the obstacles posed by the fibrotic environment to their delivery. This review will critically discuss the role of in vivo and 3D in vitro models in this context and the characteristics that an ideal model should possess to help the translation from bench to bedside of new candidate anti-fibrotic agents.
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240
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Potz BA, Scrimgeour LA, Sabe SA, Clements RT, Sodha NR, Sellke FW. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β inhibition reduces mitochondrial oxidative stress in chronic myocardial ischemia. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018. [PMID: 29523407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.12.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) inhibition has been reported to increase microvascular density and improve myocardial blood flow in a porcine model of chronic myocardial ischemia and metabolic syndrome. Inhibition of GSK-3β can also be cardioprotective by modulating fibrosis signaling and mitochondrial-induced apoptosis. We hypothesized GSK-3β inhibition would have a beneficial effect on myocardial fibrosis and oxidative stress in a porcine model of chronic myocardial ischemia and metabolic syndrome. METHODS Pigs were fed a high fat diet for 4 weeks followed by placement of an ameroid constrictor to the left circumflex coronary artery. Three weeks later animals received either no drug or a GSK-3β inhibitor. The diets and placebo/GSK-3β inhibition were continued for an additional 5 weeks, the pigs were then euthanized, and the myocardial tissue was harvested. Collagen expression was analyzed via Picrosirius staining. Oxidative stress was analyzed via Oxyblot analysis. Protein expression was analyzed via Western blot. RESULTS GSK-3β inhibition was associated with decreased collagen expression and oxidative stress in the ischemic and nonischemic myocardial tissue compared with control. There was a decrease in profibrotic proteins transforming growth factor-β, p-SMAD2/3, and matrix metalloproteinase-9, and in proapoptotic and oxidative stress proteins, apoptosis inducing factor, the cleaved caspase 3/caspase 3 protein ratio and phosphorylated myeloid cell leukemia sequence-1 in the GSK-3β inhibited group compared with the control. CONCLUSIONS In the setting of metabolic syndrome and chronic myocardial ischemia, inhibition of GSK-3β decreases collagen formation and oxidative stress in myocardial tissue. GSK-3β inhibition might be having this beneficial effect by downregulating transforming growth factor-β/SMAD2/3 signaling and decreasing mitochondrial induced cellular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A Potz
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Laura A Scrimgeour
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Sharif A Sabe
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Richard T Clements
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Neel R Sodha
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Frank W Sellke
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI.
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241
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Li L, Zhao Q, Kong W. Extracellular matrix remodeling and cardiac fibrosis. Matrix Biol 2018; 68-69:490-506. [PMID: 29371055 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis, characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in the myocardium, distorts the architecture of the myocardium, facilitates the progression of arrhythmia and cardiac dysfunction, and influences the clinical course and outcome in patients with heart failure. This review describes the composition and homeostasis in normal cardiac interstitial matrix and introduces cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in cardiac fibrosis. We also characterize the ECM alteration in the fibrotic response under diverse cardiac pathological conditions and depict the role of matricellular proteins in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis. Moreover, the diagnosis of cardiac fibrosis based on imaging and biomarker detection and the therapeutic strategies are addressed. Understanding the comprehensive molecules and pathways involved in ECM homeostasis and remodeling may provide important novel potential targets for preventing and treating cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China.
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242
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Ji Y, Qiu M, Shen Y, Gao L, Wang Y, Sun W, Li X, Lu Y, Kong X. MicroRNA-327 regulates cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis induced by pressure overload. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:1909-1916. [PMID: 29393356 PMCID: PMC5810199 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA/miR) dysregulation has been reported to be fundamental in the development and progression of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. In the present study, miR-327 levels in fibroblasts were increased in response to cardiac hypertrophy induced by transverse aortic constriction with prominent cardiac fibrosis, particularly when compared with the levels in unstressed cardiomyocytes. In neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts, induced expression of miR-327 upregulated fibrosis-associated gene expression and activated angiotensin II-induced differentiation into myofibroblasts, as assessed via α-smooth muscle actin staining. By contrast, miR-327 knockdown mitigated angiotensin II-induced differentiation. Cardiac fibroblast proliferation was not affected under either condition. In a mouse model subjected to transverse aortic constriction, miR-327 knockdown through tail-vein injection reduced the development of cardiac fibrosis and ventricular dysfunction. miR-327 was demonstrated to target integrin β3 and diminish the activation of cardiac fibroblasts. Thus, the present study supports the use of miR-327 as a therapeutic target in the reduction of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ji
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Ming Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yejiao Shen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yaqing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xinli Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xiangqing Kong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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243
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Lund LH, Køber L, Swedberg K, Ruschitzka F. The year in cardiology 2017: heart failure. Eur Heart J 2018; 39:832-839. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lars H Lund
- FoU Tema Hjärta Kärl, Norrbacka, S1: 02, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Heart and Vascular Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 171776 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Køber
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, København Ø, Denmark
| | - Karl Swedberg
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Frank Ruschitzka
- University Heart Centre Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
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244
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Pinkert MA, Hortensius RA, Ogle BM, Eliceiri KW. Imaging the Cardiac Extracellular Matrix. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1098:21-44. [PMID: 30238364 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-97421-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the global leading cause of death. One route to address this problem is using biomedical imaging to measure the molecules and structures that surround cardiac cells. This cellular microenvironment, known as the cardiac extracellular matrix, changes in composition and organization during most cardiac diseases and in response to many cardiac treatments. Measuring these changes with biomedical imaging can aid in understanding, diagnosing, and treating heart disease. This chapter supports those efforts by reviewing representative methods for imaging the cardiac extracellular matrix. It first describes the major biological targets of ECM imaging, including the primary imaging target of fibrillar collagen. Then it discusses the imaging methods, describing their current capabilities and limitations. It categorizes the imaging methods into two main categories: organ-scale noninvasive methods and cellular-scale invasive methods. Noninvasive methods can be used on patients, but only a few are clinically available, and others require further development to be used in the clinic. Invasive methods are the most established and can measure a variety of properties, but they cannot be used on live patients. Finally, the chapter concludes with a perspective on future directions and applications of biomedical imaging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Pinkert
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation and Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Rebecca A Hortensius
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Brenda M Ogle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation and Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI, USA. .,Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA.
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245
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Luo Y, Xu Y, Liang C, Xing W, Zhang T. The mechanism of myocardial hypertrophy regulated by the interaction between mhrt and myocardin. Cell Signal 2017; 43:11-20. [PMID: 29199045 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As a strong transactivator of promoters containing CarG boxes, myocardin was critical for the cardiac muscle program and necessary for normal cardiogenesis. So it probably represents a viable therapeutic biomarker in the setting of cardiac hypertrophy and failure. In recent years, the studies of regulation of cardiac hypertrophy via myocardin are so common, and the molecular mechanism is becoming more and more clear. Here, we have revealed a kind of interaction between mhrt and myocardin shown as a feedback regulatory mechanism in the regulation of cardiac hypertrophy. That is, the lncRNA mhrt can affect the acetylation of myocardin by HDAC5 to inhibit cardiac hypertrophy induced by myocardin. Moreover, myocardin also can directly activate the mhrt transcription through binding to the CarG box. Thus, mhrt and myocardin form a regulation loop in the process of cardiac hypertrophy. This finding may play a positive role in revealing the complete mechanisms of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Luo
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Weibing Xing
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Tongcun Zhang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.
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246
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Triposkiadis F, Giamouzis G, Boudoulas KD, Karagiannis G, Skoularigis J, Boudoulas H, Parissis J. Left ventricular geometry as a major determinant of left ventricular ejection fraction: physiological considerations and clinical implications. Eur J Heart Fail 2017; 20:436-444. [DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregory Giamouzis
- Department of Cardiology; Larissa University Hospital; Larissa Greece
| | | | - Georgios Karagiannis
- Department of Cardiology, Hillingdon Hospital; Department of Transplantation; Harefield Hospital; London UK
| | - John Skoularigis
- Department of Cardiology; Larissa University Hospital; Larissa Greece
| | - Harisios Boudoulas
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, and; Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - John Parissis
- Department of Cardiology; Athens University Hospital Attikon; Athens Greece
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247
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Fibrosis imaging: Current concepts and future directions. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 121:9-26. [PMID: 29108860 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis plays an important role in many different pathologies. It results from tissue injury, chronic inflammation, autoimmune reactions and genetic alterations, and it is characterized by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix components. Biopsies are routinely employed for fibrosis diagnosis, but they suffer from several drawbacks, including their invasive nature, sampling variability and limited spatial information. To overcome these limitations, multiple different imaging tools and technologies have been evaluated over the years, including X-ray imaging, computed tomography (CT), ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). These modalities can provide anatomical, functional and molecular imaging information which is useful for fibrosis diagnosis and staging, and they may also hold potential for the longitudinal assessment of therapy responses. Here, we summarize the use of non-invasive imaging techniques for monitoring fibrosis in systemic autoimmune diseases, in parenchymal organs (such as liver, kidney, lung and heart), and in desmoplastic cancers. We also discuss how imaging biomarkers can be integrated in (pre-) clinical research to individualize and improve anti-fibrotic therapies.
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248
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Gyöngyösi M, Pavo N, Lukovic D, Zlabinger K, Spannbauer A, Traxler D, Goliasch G, Mandic L, Bergler-Klein J, Gugerell A, Jakab A, Szankai Z, Toth L, Garamvölgyi R, Maurer G, Jaisser F, Zannad F, Thum T, Bátkai S, Winkler J. Porcine model of progressive cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis with secondary postcapillary pulmonary hypertension. J Transl Med 2017; 15:202. [PMID: 28985746 PMCID: PMC5639584 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1299-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meaningful translational large animal models for cardiac diseases are indispensable for studying disease mechanisms, development of novel therapeutic strategies, and evaluation of potential drugs. METHODS For induction of heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, a bare metal stent was implanted in the descending aorta of growing pigs (n = 7), inducing pressure stress on the left ventricle (group HYPI). The constant stent size in growing pigs resulted in antegrade partial obstruction of the aortic flow with a gradual increase in afterload. Five pigs with sham intervention served as control. Serial haemodynamic, pressure-volume loop measurements and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) were performed to detect developing pressure overload of the LV and cardiac MRI with late enhancement for measuring LV and RV mass and ejection fraction. RESULTS At 5-month follow-up, CT and contrast aortography, and intraluminal echocardiography confirmed aortic isthmus stenosis with a mean trans-stenotic gradient of 64 ± 13.9 mmHg. Invasive haemodynamic measurements revealed a secondary increase in pulmonary artery pressure (44.6 ± 5.1 vs 25.9 ± 6.2 mmHg, HYPI vs control, p < 0.05). TTE and ex vivo analyses confirmed severe concentric LV hypertrophy (mean circumferential wall thickness, 19.4 ± 3.1, n = 7 vs 11.4 ± 1.0 mm, n = 5, HYPI vs controls, p < 0.05). The LV and RV mass increased significantly, paralleled by increased isovolumic relaxation constant (tau). Histological analyses confirmed substantial fibrosis and myocyte hypertrophy in both LV and RV. Expressions of ANP, BNP, and miRNA-29a were up-regulated, while SERCA2a and miRNA-1 were down-regulated. Plasma NGAL levels increased gradually, while the elevation of NT-proBNP was detected only at the 5-month FUP. CONCLUSION These data prove that percutaneous artificial aortic stenosis in pigs is useful for inducing clinically relevant progredient heart failure based on myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariann Gyöngyösi
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Noemi Pavo
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominika Lukovic
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrin Zlabinger
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Spannbauer
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Denise Traxler
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Goliasch
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ljubica Mandic
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jutta Bergler-Klein
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alfred Gugerell
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andras Jakab
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zsuzsanna Szankai
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Levente Toth
- Institute of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiation Oncology, University of Kaposvar, Kaposvar, Hungary
| | - Rita Garamvölgyi
- Institute of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiation Oncology, University of Kaposvar, Kaposvar, Hungary
| | - Gerald Maurer
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Frederic Jaisser
- INSERM, UMRS 1138, Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Faiez Zannad
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Inserm, CHU, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover, Germany
| | - Sándor Bátkai
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover, Germany
| | - Johannes Winkler
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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249
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Dong A, Mueller P, Yang F, Yang L, Morris A, Smyth SS. Direct thrombin inhibition with dabigatran attenuates pressure overload-induced cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction in mice. Thromb Res 2017; 159:58-64. [PMID: 28982031 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The multifunctional serine protease thrombin exerts proinflammatory and profibrotic cellular effects that may contribute to cardiac remodeling. This study was designed to investigate whether direct thrombin inhibition with dabigatran attenuates myocardial injury in the setting of pressure overload-induced heart failure. MATERIAL AND METHODS Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery was performed on C57Bl/6J male mice to elicit cardiac hypertrophy. TAC, or sham, mice were randomly assigned to receive chow supplemented with the oral anticoagulant, dabigatran etexilate, or placebo. RESULTS Dabigatran did not affect cardiac hypertrophy, as measured by heart weight-to-body weight or the heart weight-to-tibia length, although a non-significant reduction in myocardial hypertrophic markers (ANP, BNP and MHC) occurred. Dabigatran reduced perivascular fibrosis by 25%, interstitial fibrosis by 54%, and the expression of myocardial fibrosis markers collagen I & III, MMP9, SMA, and PAR-1. These changes were associated with significant improvement in both coronary flow reserve and global left ventricular function. In cultured cardiac fibroblasts, dabigatran decreased thrombin and PAR-1-mediated collagen deposition by 30% and 37%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Dabigatran attenuates cardiac fibrosis in the setting of pressure overload and improves coronary flow reserve and global cardiac function possibly by inhibiting thrombin activity and down-regulating PAR-1 expression in the absence of an effect on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anping Dong
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Gill Heart Institute, 741 S. Limestone Street, 252 BBSRB, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States; Lexington VA Medical Center, 1101 Veterans Drive, Lexington, KY 40502, United States
| | - Paul Mueller
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Gill Heart Institute, 741 S. Limestone Street, 252 BBSRB, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States.
| | - Fanmuyi Yang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Gill Heart Institute, 741 S. Limestone Street, 252 BBSRB, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States.
| | - Liping Yang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Gill Heart Institute, 741 S. Limestone Street, 252 BBSRB, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States.
| | - Andrew Morris
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Gill Heart Institute, 741 S. Limestone Street, 252 BBSRB, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States; Lexington VA Medical Center, 1101 Veterans Drive, Lexington, KY 40502, United States.
| | - Susan S Smyth
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Gill Heart Institute, 741 S. Limestone Street, 252 BBSRB, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States; Lexington VA Medical Center, 1101 Veterans Drive, Lexington, KY 40502, United States.
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250
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Pavo N, Lukovic D, Zlabinger K, Lorant D, Goliasch G, Winkler J, Pils D, Auer K, Ankersmit HJ, Giricz Z, Sárközy M, Jakab A, Garamvölgyi R, Emmert MY, Hoerstrup SP, Hausenloy DJ, Ferdinandy P, Maurer G, Gyöngyösi M. Intrinsic remote conditioning of the myocardium as a comprehensive cardiac response to ischemia and reperfusion. Oncotarget 2017; 8:67227-67240. [PMID: 28978029 PMCID: PMC5620169 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that distal anterior wall ischemia/reperfusion induces gene expression changes in the proximal anterior myocardial area, involving genes responsible for cardiac remodeling. Here we investigated the molecular signals of the ischemia non-affected remote lateral and posterior regions and present gene expression profiles of the entire left ventricle by using our novel and straightforward method of 2D and 3D image reconstruction. Five or 24h after repetitive 10min ischemia/reperfusion without subsequent infarction, pig hearts were explanted and myocardial samples from 52 equally distributed locations of the left ventricle were collected. Expressional changes of seven genes of interest (HIF-1α; caspase-3, transcription factor GATA4; myocyte enhancer factor 2C /MEF2c/; hexokinase 2 /HK2/; clusterin /CLU/ and excision repair cross-complementation group 4 /ERCC4/) were measured by qPCR. 2D and 3D gene expression maps were constructed by projecting the fold changes on the NOGA anatomical mapping coordinates. Caspase-3, GATA4, HK2, CLU, and ERCC4 were up-regulated region-specifically in the ischemic zone at 5 h post ischemia/reperfusion injury. Overexpression of GATA4, clusterin and ERCC4 persisted after 24 h. HK2 showed strong up-regulation in the ischemic zone and down-regulation in remote areas at 5 h, and was severely reduced in all heart regions at 24 h. These results indicate a quick onset of regulation of apoptosis-related genes, which is partially reversed in the late phase of ischemia/reperfusion cardioprotection, and highlight variations between ischemic and unaffected myocardium over time. The NOGA 2D and 3D construction system is an attractive method to visualize expressional variations in the myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Pavo
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominika Lukovic
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrin Zlabinger
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Lorant
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Goliasch
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Winkler
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Pils
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems (CeMSIIS), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Auer
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Zoltán Giricz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márta Sárközy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Jakab
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Center for MR-Research, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rita Garamvölgyi
- Institute of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiation Oncology, University of Kaposvar, Kaposvar, Hungary
| | - Maximilian Y. Emmert
- Swiss Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon P. Hoerstrup
- Swiss Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Derek J. Hausenloy
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- The National Institute of Health Research, University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gerald Maurer
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mariann Gyöngyösi
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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