201
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Sáyago-Ayerdi SG, Zamora-Gasga VM, Venema K. Changes in gut microbiota in predigested Hibiscus sabdariffa L calyces and Agave (Agave tequilana weber) fructans assessed in a dynamic in vitro model (TIM-2) of the human colon. Food Res Int 2020; 132:109036. [PMID: 32331660 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hibiscus sabdariffa (Hb) calyces are a source of dietary fiber (DF) and phenolic compounds. Agave fructans (AF) and oligofructans (OF) are considered as soluble DF. The aim of the study was to investigate changes in gut microbiota upon feeding predigested Hb, AF, OF or Mix (Hb/AF) to a dynamic, validated in vitro model of the human colon (TIM-2), using sequencing of the V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene. A pooled human fecal microbiota was used. Production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), branched-chain fatty acids (BSCFAs) and ammonia was also assessed. Samples were taken after 0, 24, 48 and 72 h. Principal component (PC) analysis of fermentation metabolites and relative abundance of genera was carried out, and extracted factors were based on eigenvalues >1.0 and explained >60% of variance. Fermentation of samples resulted in different SCFAS concentrations. The highest butyric acid production was on AF and OF, while the molar ratio of SCFAS on Hb was 63:18:18 for acetic, propionic and butyric acid, respectively. BSCFAS were also produced upon feeding the studied substrates, but in much lower concentrations. About 45 bacteria genera were identified and 10 of these were the most abundant changing during the fermentation time, amongst which a high relative abundance in Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides and Catenibacterium, that changed during the fermentation time depending of substrate. Hb feeding after 48 h led to Bifidobacterium being the most abundant genus. Two PCs were identified: after 24 h of fermentation PC1 was highly influenced by Bifidobacterium and Prevotella, which was related with Hb and SIEM feeding. Evaluation of the changes in metabolites and gut microbiota composition during colonic fermentation in a validated in vitro model provides a complete and reliable view of the potential prebiotic effect of different dietary fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia G Sáyago-Ayerdi
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Av. Tecnológico No 2595, Col. Lagos del Country CP, 63175 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico.
| | - Victor M Zamora-Gasga
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Av. Tecnológico No 2595, Col. Lagos del Country CP, 63175 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Koen Venema
- Maastricht University - Campus Venlo, Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation, St. Jansweg 20, 5928 RC Venlo, the Netherlands.
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202
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Chen YC, Chang CC, Chiu THT, Lin MN, Lin CL. The risk of urinary tract infection in vegetarians and non-vegetarians: a prospective study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:906. [PMID: 32001729 PMCID: PMC6992707 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is caused principally by ascending Escherichia coli infection via an intestine-stool-urethra route. Recent studies found that the strains of E. coli causing UTIs, called extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC), were distinct from the intestinal pathogenic strains and normal commensal strains. Further analysis found the meat including poultry and pork is the major reservoir for ExPECs. Vegetarians avoid meat and should theoretically have less exposure to ExPEC. However, no study thus far has examined whether vegetarian diets reduce the risk of UTI. Our aim was to examine the association between vegetarian diet and UTI risk in a Taiwanese Buddhist population. We prospectively followed 9724 Buddhists free of UTI from 2005 to 2014. During the 10-year follow-up, 661 incident UTI cases were confirmed. Diet was assessed through a food frequency questionnaire. Cox regression was used to evaluate the prospective association between a vegetarian diet on risk of UTI while adjusting for age, sex, educational level, alcohol-drinking, smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and disease conditions predisposing to UTIs. Overall, vegetarian diet was associated with 16% lower hazards (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71-0.99). In subgroup analysis, the protective association between vegetarian diet and UTI is observed mainly in the female (HR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.69-0.99), never smokers (HR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.67-0.95), and for uncomplicated UTI (HR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.68-0.98).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chang Chen
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chen Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tina H T Chiu
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Nan Lin
- Department of Family Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi County, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Lon Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi County, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
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203
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Pieczynska MD, Yang Y, Petrykowski S, Horbanczuk OK, Atanasov AG, Horbanczuk JO. Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolites in Atherosclerosis Development. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030594. [PMID: 32013236 PMCID: PMC7037843 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota metabolites have a great influence on host digestive function and body health itself. The effects of intestinal microbes on the host metabolism and nutrients absorption are mainly due to regulatory mechanisms related to serotonin, cytokines, and metabolites. Multiple studies have repeatedly reported that the gut microbiota plays a fundamental role in the absorption of bioactive compounds by converting dietary polyphenols into absorbable bioactive substances. Moreover, some intestinal metabolites derived from natural polyphenol products have more biological activities than their own fundamental biological functions. Bioactive like polyphenolic compounds, prebiotics and probiotics are the best known dietary strategies for regulating the composition of gut microbial populations or metabolic/immunological activities, which are called “three “p” for gut health”. Intestinal microbial metabolites have an indirect effect on atherosclerosis, by regulating lipid metabolism and inflammation. It has been found that the diversity of intestinal microbiota negatively correlates with the development of atherosclerosis. The fewer the variation and number of microbial species in the gut, the higher the risk of developing atherosclerosis. Therefore, the atherosclerosis can be prevented and treated from the perspective of improving the number and variability of gut microbiota. In here, we summarize the effects of gut metabolites of natural products on the pathological process of the atherosclerosis, since gut intestinal metabolites not only have an indirect effect on macrophage foaming in the vessel wall, but also have a direct effect on vascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena D. Pieczynska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Postepu 36A Street, 05-552 Jastrzebiec, Poland; (Y.Y.); (S.P.); (A.G.A.)
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Pawinskiego 5A Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.D.P.); (J.O.H.); Tel.: +48-22-736-70-00
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Postepu 36A Street, 05-552 Jastrzebiec, Poland; (Y.Y.); (S.P.); (A.G.A.)
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Wagistrasse 14, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - S. Petrykowski
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Postepu 36A Street, 05-552 Jastrzebiec, Poland; (Y.Y.); (S.P.); (A.G.A.)
| | - Olaf K. Horbanczuk
- Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 159c Nowoursynowska, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Atanas G. Atanasov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Postepu 36A Street, 05-552 Jastrzebiec, Poland; (Y.Y.); (S.P.); (A.G.A.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jaroslaw O. Horbanczuk
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Postepu 36A Street, 05-552 Jastrzebiec, Poland; (Y.Y.); (S.P.); (A.G.A.)
- Correspondence: (M.D.P.); (J.O.H.); Tel.: +48-22-736-70-00
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204
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Bao N, Chen F, Dai D. The Regulation of Host Intestinal Microbiota by Polyphenols in the Development and Prevention of Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 10:2981. [PMID: 31969882 PMCID: PMC6960133 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are essential antioxidants in our regular diet, and have shown potential antibacterial effects. Other important biological effects, such as anticancer or antibacterial activities, have been demonstrated by some polyphenols. In recent years, the benefits of polyphenols to human health have attracted increasing attention from the scientific community. Recent studies have shown that polyphenols such as anthocyanin, catechin, chlorogenic acid, and resveratrol can inhibit pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella to help regulate intestinal microflora. An imbalance of intestinal microflora and the destruction of intestinal barrier function have been found to have a potential relationship with the occurrence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Specifically, they can aberrantly trigger the immune system to cause inflammation, increase the production of uremic toxins, and further worsen the condition of CKD. Therefore, the maintenance of intestinal microflora and the intestinal tract in a stable and healthy state may be able to "immunize" patients against CKD, and treat pre-existing disease. The use of common antibiotics may lead to drug resistance in pathogens, and thus beneficial polyphenols may be suitable natural substitutes for antibiotics. Herein we review the ability of different polyphenols, such as anthocyanin, catechin, chlorogenic acid, and resveratrol, to regulate intestinal microorganisms, inhibit pathogenic bacteria, and improve inflammation. In addition, we review the ability of different polyphenols to reduce kidney injury, as described in recent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naren Bao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fangjie Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Di Dai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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205
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Anthocyanin-enriched bilberry extract attenuates glycaemic response in overweight volunteers without changes in insulin. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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206
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Grant LJ, Mikkelsen D, Phan ADT, Kang S, Ouwerkerk D, Klieve AV, Gidley MJ, Williams BA. Purified plant cell walls with adsorbed polyphenols alter porcine faecal bacterial communities during in vitro fermentation. Food Funct 2020; 11:834-845. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02428j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simplified in vitro model to indicate microbiota changes to polyphenols associated with dietary fibre in whole fruits, noting differences in bacterial populations between polyphenolic groups during fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas J. Grant
- Centre of Nutrition and Food Sciences
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation
- The University of Queensland
- St. Lucia
- Australia
| | - Deirdre Mikkelsen
- Centre of Nutrition and Food Sciences
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation
- The University of Queensland
- St. Lucia
- Australia
| | - Anh Dao T. Phan
- Centre of Nutrition and Food Sciences
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation
- The University of Queensland
- St. Lucia
- Australia
| | - Seungha Kang
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute
- Translational Research Institute
- Woolloongabba
- Australia
| | - Diane Ouwerkerk
- Rumen Ecology Unit
- Agri-Science Queensland
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries
- Dutton Park
- Australia
| | - Athol V. Klieve
- Rumen Ecology Unit
- Agri-Science Queensland
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries
- Dutton Park
- Australia
| | - Michael J. Gidley
- Centre of Nutrition and Food Sciences
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation
- The University of Queensland
- St. Lucia
- Australia
| | - Barbara A. Williams
- Centre of Nutrition and Food Sciences
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation
- The University of Queensland
- St. Lucia
- Australia
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207
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Skenderidis P, Mitsagga C, Lampakis D, Petrotos K, Giavasis I. The Effect of Encapsulated Powder of Goji Berry ( Lycium barbarum) on Growth and Survival of Probiotic Bacteria. Microorganisms 2019; 8:microorganisms8010057. [PMID: 31905688 PMCID: PMC7022968 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to investigate the potential prebiotic action of Goji berry powder on selected probiotic bacteria grown in a nutritive synthetic substrate and in simulated gastric and intestinal juices. Different probiotic strains of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus were grown in these substrates with or without the addition of encapsulated goji berry extracts of different polysaccharide and polyphenol contents. The results proved that the addition of the extracts promoted the proliferation of probiotic strains and, in particular, increased the number of bacterial colonies of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (Bb12), Bifidobacterium longum (Bb46), and Lactobacillus casei by 2, 0.26, and 1.34 (log cfu/mL), respectively. Furthermore, the prebiotic effect seems to be correlated to Goji berry polysaccharides and/or polyphenols, higher contents of which (under the tested concentrations) could increase the stress tolerance of B. lactis and B. longum in a simulated gastrointestinal environment. According to the findings of the present research, it can be suggested that the Goji berry encapsulated extracts could be used as prebiotic additives in food or nutraceuticals, in order to stimulate growth or protect the viability of probiotic strains of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prodromos Skenderidis
- Department of Biosystems Engineering/Agricultural Technology, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (D.L.); (K.P.)
- Department of Food Technology, University of Thessaly, End of N. Temponera Street, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (C.M.); (I.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Chrysanthi Mitsagga
- Department of Food Technology, University of Thessaly, End of N. Temponera Street, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (C.M.); (I.G.)
| | - Dimitrios Lampakis
- Department of Biosystems Engineering/Agricultural Technology, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (D.L.); (K.P.)
| | - Konstantinos Petrotos
- Department of Biosystems Engineering/Agricultural Technology, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (D.L.); (K.P.)
| | - Ioannis Giavasis
- Department of Food Technology, University of Thessaly, End of N. Temponera Street, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (C.M.); (I.G.)
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208
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Peng Y, Yan Y, Wan P, Dong W, Huang K, Ran L, Mi J, Lu L, Zeng X, Cao Y. Effects of long-term intake of anthocyanins from Lycium ruthenicum Murray on the organism health and gut microbiota in vivo. Food Res Int 2019; 130:108952. [PMID: 32156393 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between diet, especially polyphenols, and health has been receiving increasing attention. Polyphenols were degraded by gut microbiota into metabolites and acted on the body to exert many bioactivities from several targets such as antioxidative stress, anti-inflammation, intestinal barrier and gut microbiota modulation. After long-term treatment of mice with anthocyanins from Lycium ruthenicum Murray (ACN), antioxidant status in liver (T-AOC, T-SOD, CAT, GSH and GSH-Px were increased and AST, ALT, ALP and MDA were decreased), anti-inflammatory status in colon (the expression of mRNA of iNos, Cox-2, Tnf-α, Il-6, Il-1β and Ifn-γ were significantly reduced), intestinal barrier (the expression of mRNA of Zo-1, Occludin, Claudin-1 and Muc1 were significantly increased) and gut microbiota (Barnesiella, Alistipes, Eisenbergiella, Coprobacter and Odoribacter were proliferated) were all regulated in ACN group. Meanwhile, the content of short-chain fatty acids in cecal contents and feces were increased. Taken together, long-term intake of ACN could promote organism healthy and these results have important implications for the development of ACN as a functional food ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Peng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yamei Yan
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Peng Wan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Dong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kaiyin Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linwu Ran
- Laboratory Animal Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Jia Mi
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Lu Lu
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Youlong Cao
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China.
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209
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Li Y, Rahman SU, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Ming P, Zhu L, Chu X, Li J, Feng S, Wang X, Wu J. Green tea polyphenols decrease weight gain, ameliorate alteration of gut microbiota, and mitigate intestinal inflammation in canines with high-fat-diet-induced obesity. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 78:108324. [PMID: 32004926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Green tea polyphenols (GTPs) exhibit beneficial effects towards obesity and intestinal inflammation; however, the mechanisms and association with gut microbiota are unclear. We examined the role of the gut microbiota of GTPs treatment for obesity and inflammation. Canines were fed either a normal diet or high-fat diet with low (0.48% g/kg), medium (0.96% g/kg), or high (1.92% g/kg), doses of GTPs for 18 weeks. GTPs decreased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria and increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes as revealed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. The relative proportion of Acidaminococcus, Anaerobiospirillum, Anaerovibrio, Bacteroides, Blautia, Catenibactetium, Citrobacter, Clostridium, Collinsella, and Escherichia were significantly associated with GTPs-induced weight loss. GTPs significantly (P<.01) decreased expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, and inhibited induction of the TLR4 signaling pathway compared with high-fat diet. We show that the therapeutic effects of GTPs correspond with changes in gut microbiota and intestinal inflammation, which may be related to the anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity mechanisms of GTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Sajid Ur Rahman
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yingying Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Pengfei Ming
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jinchun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Shibin Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xichun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Jinjie Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China.
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210
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Charoensiddhi S, Abraham RE, Su P, Zhang W. Seaweed and seaweed-derived metabolites as prebiotics. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2019; 91:97-156. [PMID: 32035602 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Seaweeds and their bioactive compounds, particularly polysaccharides and phenolics can be regarded as great dietary supplements with gut health benefits and prebiotics. These components are resistant to digestion by enzymes present in the human gastrointestinal tract, also selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial gut bacteria and the production of fermentation products such as short chain fatty acids. Commonly, the health benefits of seaweed components are assessed by including them in an in vitro anaerobic fermentation system containing human fecal inocula that mimics the environment of the human large bowel. Regarding to the complex interactions between dietary components, gastrointestinal physiological processes, and gut microbiota are difficult to model in vitro. Consequently it is important to follow up the promising in vitro results with in vivo animal or human testing. The aim of this chapter is to have a comprehensive review on the application of seaweeds and seaweed-derived metabolites as prebiotics, and understand the trends, gaps and future directions of both scientific and industrial developments. This work contributes to develop and expand new platform of seaweed utilization for higher-value products, particularly to functional food and nutraceutical industries in order to serve the social demand for health awareness and support economic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvimol Charoensiddhi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Reinu E Abraham
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Peng Su
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Wei Zhang
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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211
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De Angelis M, Garruti G, Minervini F, Bonfrate L, Portincasa P, Gobbetti M. The Food-gut Human Axis: The Effects of Diet on Gut Microbiota and Metabolome. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:3567-3583. [PMID: 28462705 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170428103848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota, the largest symbiont community hosted in human organism, is emerging as a pivotal player in the relationship between dietary habits and health. Oral and, especially, intestinal microbes metabolize dietary components, affecting human health by producing harmful or beneficial metabolites, which are involved in the incidence and progression of several intestinal related and non-related diseases. Habitual diet (Western, Agrarian and Mediterranean omnivore diets, vegetarian, vegan and gluten-free diets) drives the composition of the gut microbiota and metabolome. Within the dietary components, polymers (mainly fibers, proteins, fat and polyphenols) that are not hydrolyzed by human enzymes seem to be the main leads of the metabolic pathways of gut microbiota, which in turn directly influence the human metabolome. Specific relationships between diet and microbes, microbes and metabolites, microbes and immune functions and microbes and/or their metabolites and some human diseases are being established. Dietary treatments with fibers are the most effective to benefit the metabolome profile, by improving the synthesis of short chain fatty acids and decreasing the level of molecules, such as p-cresyl sulfate, indoxyl sulfate and trimethylamine N-oxide, involved in disease state. Based on the axis diet-microbiota-health, this review aims at describing the most recent knowledge oriented towards a profitable use of diet to provide benefits to human health, both directly and indirectly, through the activity of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Garruti
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplants, Section of Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Fabio Minervini
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Leonilde Bonfrate
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.,Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbetti
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen, Bolzano, Italy
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212
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Westfall S, Pasinetti GM. The Gut Microbiota Links Dietary Polyphenols With Management of Psychiatric Mood Disorders. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1196. [PMID: 31749681 PMCID: PMC6848798 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of depression is multifactorial yet generally aggravated by stress and its associated physiological consequences. To effectively treat these diverse risk factors, a broad acting strategy is required and is has been suggested that gut-brain-axis signaling may play a pinnacle role in promoting resilience to several of these stress-induced changes including pathogenic load, inflammation, HPA-axis activation, oxidative stress and neurotransmitter imbalances. The gut microbiota also manages the bioaccessibility of phenolic metabolites from dietary polyphenols whose multiple beneficial properties have known therapeutic efficacy against depression. Although several potential therapeutic mechanisms of dietary polyphenols toward establishing cognitive resilience to neuropsychiatric disorders have been established, only a handful of studies have systematically identified how the interaction of the gut microbiota with dietary polyphenols can synergistically alleviate the biological signatures of depression. The current review investigates several of these potential mechanisms and how synbiotics, that combine probiotics with dietary polyphenols, may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for depression. In particular, synbiotics have the potential to alleviate neuroinflammation by modulating microglial and inflammasome activation, reduce oxidative stress and balance serotonin metabolism therefore simultaneously targeting several of the major pathological risk factors of depression. Overall, synbiotics may act as a novel therapeutic paradigm for neuropsychiatric disorders and further understanding the fundamental mechanisms of gut-brain-axis signaling will allow full utilization of the gut microbiota's as a therapeutic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulio Maria Pasinetti
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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Gomes A, Oudot C, Macià A, Foito A, Carregosa D, Stewart D, Van de Wiele T, Berry D, Motilva MJ, Brenner C, Dos Santos CN. Berry-Enriched Diet in Salt-Sensitive Hypertensive Rats: Metabolic Fate of (Poly)Phenols and the Role of Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2634. [PMID: 31684148 PMCID: PMC6893819 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diets rich in (poly)phenols are associated with a reduced reduction in the incidence of cardiovascular disorders. While the absorption and metabolism of (poly)phenols has been described, it is not clear how their metabolic fate is affected under pathological conditions. This study evaluated the metabolic fate of berry (poly)phenols in an in vivo model of hypertension as well as the associated microbiota response. Dahl salt-sensitive rats were fed either a low-salt diet (0.26% NaCl) or a high-salt diet (8% NaCl), with or without a berry mixture (blueberries, blackberries, raspberries, Portuguese crowberry and strawberry tree fruit) for 9 weeks. The salt-enriched diet promoted an increase in the urinary excretion of berry (poly)phenol metabolites, while the abundance of these metabolites decreased in faeces, as revealed by UPLC-MS/MS. Moreover, salt and berries modulated gut microbiota composition as demonstrated by 16S rRNA analysis. Some changes in the microbiota composition were associated with the high-salt diet and revealed an expansion of the families Proteobacteria and Erysipelotrichaceae. However, this effect was mitigated by the dietary supplementation with berries. Alterations in the metabolic fate of (poly)phenols occur in parallel with the modulation of gut microbiota in hypertensive rats. Thus, beneficial effects of (poly)phenols could be related with these interlinked modifications, between metabolites and microbiota environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Gomes
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal.
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Carole Oudot
- INSERM UMR-S 1180- University Paris-Sud, University Paris Saclay, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay Malabry, France.
| | - Alba Macià
- Food Technology Department, Agrotecnio Center, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agraria, University of Lleida, 25198-Lleida, Spain.
| | - Alexandre Foito
- Environmental and Biochemical Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie Dundee DD2 5DA Scotland, UK.
| | - Diogo Carregosa
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal.
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Derek Stewart
- Environmental and Biochemical Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie Dundee DD2 5DA Scotland, UK.
- Institute of Mechanical Process and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS Scotland, UK.
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - David Berry
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Research Network Chemistry Meets Microbiology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Maria-José Motilva
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino-ICVV, CSIC-Universidad de La Rioja-Gobierno de La Rioja, Finca "La Grajera", Carretera de Burgos km 6, 26007 Logroño, Spain.
| | - Catherine Brenner
- INSERM UMR-S 1180- University Paris-Sud, University Paris Saclay, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay Malabry, France.
| | - Cláudia Nunes Dos Santos
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal.
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal.
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214
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215
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Guo F, Xiong H, Wang X, Jiang L, Yu N, Hu Z, Sun Y, Tsao R. Phenolics of Green Pea ( Pisum sativum L.) Hulls, Their Plasma and Urinary Metabolites, Bioavailability, and in Vivo Antioxidant Activities in a Rat Model. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:11955-11968. [PMID: 31595748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Increased processing of pulses generates large volumes of hulls, which are known as an excellent source of phenolic antioxidants. However, the bioavailability and in vivo activity of these phenolics are rarely reported. This research was therefore carried out to study the absorption, metabolism, and in vivo antioxidant activities of green pea hull (GPH) phenolics using ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography with a linear ion trap-high-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry and an oxidative stress rat model. A total of 31 phenolics, including 4 phenolic acids, 24 flavonoids, and 3 other phenolics, were tentatively identified. Ten of these phenolics and 49 metabolites were found in the plasma and urine of rats, which helped to explain the favorable changes by GPH phenolics in key antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione) and indicators (total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde) in the plasma and different tissues of rats. This is the first comprehensive report on dry pea hull phenolics and their bioavailability, metabolic profiles, and mechanisms of in vivo antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanghua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Nanchang University , Nanchang 330047 , Jiangxi , China
| | - Hua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Nanchang University , Nanchang 330047 , Jiangxi , China
| | - Xiaoya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Nanchang University , Nanchang 330047 , Jiangxi , China
| | - Li Jiang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanchang 330004 , Jiangxi , China
| | - Ningxiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Nanchang University , Nanchang 330047 , Jiangxi , China
| | - Zhenying Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Nanchang University , Nanchang 330047 , Jiangxi , China
| | - Yong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Nanchang University , Nanchang 330047 , Jiangxi , China
| | - Rong Tsao
- Agricultural and Agri-Food Canada , Guelph Research and Development Centre , 93 Stone Road West , Guelph , ON N1G 5C9 , Canada
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216
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Beckers KF, Sones JL. Maternal microbiome and the hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, preeclampsia. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 318:H1-H10. [PMID: 31626558 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00469.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific disorder that can be life threatening for both mother and baby. It is characterized by a new onset hypertension during the second half of pregnancy and affects ~300,000 women in the United States every year. There is no cure for PE, and the only effective treatment is delivery of the placenta and the fetus, which is often preterm. PE is believed to be a severe manifestation of placental dysfunction due to early angiogenic imbalances and inflammatory disturbances; however, the cause of this is unknown. The once thought "sterile" placenta now has been proposed to have a unique microbiome of its own. Under ideal conditions, the microbiome represents a balanced bacterial community that is important to the maintenance of a healthy environment. Dysbiosis of these communities may lead to inflammation that potentially contributes to adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm birth and PE. Thus far, the female reproductive tract microbiome has been found to be influenced by periodontal disease, cardiometabolic complications, and maternal obesity, all of which have been identified as contributors to PE. This review will look at the maternal reproductive tract microbiome, evidence for and against, and its role in pregnancy and PE-related events as well as data from relevant mouse models that could be useful for further investigating the influence of the reproductive tract microbiome on the pathogenesis of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalie F Beckers
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Jenny L Sones
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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217
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Musarra-Pizzo M, Ginestra G, Smeriglio A, Pennisi R, Sciortino MT, Mandalari G. The Antimicrobial and Antiviral Activity of Polyphenols from Almond ( Prunus dulcis L.) Skin. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102355. [PMID: 31623329 PMCID: PMC6836111 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their antimicrobial and antiviral activity potential in vitro, polyphenols are gaining a lot of attention from the pharmaceutical and healthcare industries. A novel antiviral and antimicrobial approach could be based on the use of polyphenols obtained from natural sources. Here, we tested the antibacterial and antiviral effect of a mix of polyphenols present in natural almond skin (NS MIX). The antimicrobial potential was evaluated against the standard American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strains, by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Herpes simplex virus type I was used for the antiviral assessment of NS MIX by plaque assay. Furthermore, we evaluated the expression of viral cascade antigens. NS MIX exhibited antimicrobial (MIC values of 0.31–1.25 mg/ml) and antiviral activity (decrease in the viral titer ** p < 0.01, and viral DNA accumulation * p < 0.05) against Staphylococcus aureus and HSV-1, respectively. Amongst the isolated compounds, the aglycones epicatechin and catechin showed the greatest activity against S. aureus ATCC 6538P (MIC values of 0.078–0.15 and 0.15 mg/ml, respectively), but were not active against all the other strains. These results could be used to develop novel products for topical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Musarra-Pizzo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Ginestra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Rosamaria Pennisi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
- Shenzhen International Institute for Biomedical Research, 140 Jinye Ave. Building A10, Dapeng New District, Shenzhen 518116, Guangdong, China.
| | - Maria Teresa Sciortino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
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218
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Specific Wheat Fractions Influence Hepatic Fat Metabolism in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102348. [PMID: 31581733 PMCID: PMC6836242 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Low whole grain consumption is a risk factor for the development of non-communicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Dietary fiber and phytochemicals are bioactive grain compounds, which could be involved in mediating these beneficial effects. These compounds are not equally distributed in the wheat grain, but are enriched in the bran and aleurone fractions. As little is known on physiological effects of different wheat fractions, the aim of this study was to investigate this aspect in an obesity model. For twelve weeks, C57BL/6J mice were fed high-fat diets (HFD), supplemented with one of four wheat fractions: whole grain flour, refined white flour, bran, or aleurone. The different diets did not affect body weight, however bran and aleurone decreased liver triglyceride content, and increased hepatic n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentrations. Furthermore, lipidomics analysis revealed increased PUFA concentration in the lipid classes of phosphatidylcholine (PC), PC-ether, and phosphatidylinositol in the plasma of mice fed whole grain, bran, and aleurone supplemented diets, compared to refined white flour. Furthermore, bran, aleurone, and whole grain supplemented diets increased microbial α-diversity, but only bran and aleurone increased the cecal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids. The effects on hepatic lipid metabolism might thus at least partially be mediated by microbiota-dependent mechanisms.
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219
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Fodor I, Man SC, Dumitrascu DL. Low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols diet in children. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7:2666-2674. [PMID: 31616683 PMCID: PMC6789397 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i18.2666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a lifelong condition with a high prevalence among children and adults. As the diet is a frequent factor that triggers the symptoms, it has been assumed that by avoiding the consumption of fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP), the symptoms might be improved. Therefore, in the past decade, low FODMAP diet has been intensively investigated in the management of IBS. The capacity of FODMAPs to trigger the symptoms in patients with IBS was related to the stimulation of mechanoreceptors in the small and large intestine. This stimulation appears as a response to a combination of increased luminal water (the osmotic effect) and the release of gases (carbon dioxide and hydrogen) due to the fermentation of oligosaccharides and malabsorption of fructose, lactose and polyols. Numerous studies have been published regarding the efficacy of a low FODMAP diet compared to a traditional diet in releasing the IBS symptoms in adults, but there are only a few studies in the juvenile population. The aim of this review is to analyze the current data on both low FODMAP diet in children with IBS and the effects on their nutritional status and physiological development, given the fact that it is a restrictive diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Fodor
- 3rd Pediatric Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400006, Romania
| | - Sorin Claudiu Man
- 3rd Pediatric Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400006, Romania
| | - Dan L Dumitrascu
- 2nd Medical Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400006, Romania
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220
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Kumar Singh A, Cabral C, Kumar R, Ganguly R, Kumar Rana H, Gupta A, Rosaria Lauro M, Carbone C, Reis F, Pandey AK. Beneficial Effects of Dietary Polyphenols on Gut Microbiota and Strategies to Improve Delivery Efficiency. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2216. [PMID: 31540270 PMCID: PMC6770155 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human intestine contains an intricate ecological community of dwelling bacteria, referred as gut microbiota (GM), which plays a pivotal role in host homeostasis. Multiple factors could interfere with this delicate balance, including genetics, age, antibiotics, as well as environmental factors, particularly diet, thus causing a disruption of microbiota equilibrium (dysbiosis). Growing evidences support the involvement of GM dysbiosis in gastrointestinal (GI) and extra-intestinal cardiometabolic diseases, namely obesity and diabetes. This review firstly overviews the role of GM in health and disease, then critically reviews the evidences regarding the influence of dietary polyphenols in GM based on preclinical and clinical data, ending with strategies under development to improve efficiency of delivery. Although the precise mechanisms deserve further clarification, preclinical and clinical data suggest that dietary polyphenols present prebiotic properties and exert antimicrobial activities against pathogenic GM, having benefits in distinct disorders. Specifically, dietary polyphenols have been shown ability to modulate GM composition and function, interfering with bacterial quorum sensing, membrane permeability, as well as sensitizing bacteria to xenobiotics. In addition, can impact on gut metabolism and immunity and exert anti-inflammatory properties. In order to overcome the low bioavailability, several different approaches have been developed, aiming to improve solubility and transport of dietary polyphenols throughout the GI tract and deliver in the targeted intestinal regions. Although more research is still needed, particularly translational and clinical studies, the biotechnological progresses achieved during the last years open up good perspectives to, in a near future, be able to improve the use of dietary polyphenols modulating GM in a broad range of disorders characterized by a dysbiotic phenotype.
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Grants
- UID/NEU/04539/2013 Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
- UID/NEU/04539/2019 Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
- PTDC/SAU-NUT/31712/2017 Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
- POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007440 Programa Operacional Temático Factores de Competitividade
- POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031712 Programa Operacional Temático Factores de Competitividade
- CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000012-HealthyAging2020 Programa Operacional Temático Factores de Competitividade
- AKS, RK and RG Senior/Junior research fellowship Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, India
- AKS, RK, RG, HKR, AG and AKP acknowledgment Fund for Improvement of S&T Infrastructure (FIST) of the Department of Science & Technology (DST), India
- AKS, RK, RG, HKR, AG and AKP acknowledgment UGC-SAP, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India.
| | - Célia Cabral
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine; & CIBB Consortium, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India.
| | - Risha Ganguly
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India.
| | - Harvesh Kumar Rana
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India.
| | - Ashutosh Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India.
| | - Maria Rosaria Lauro
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | - Claudia Carbone
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Flávio Reis
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine; & CIBB Consortium, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Abhay K Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India.
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221
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Żary-Sikorska E, Fotschki B, Fotschki J, Wiczkowski W, Juśkiewicz J. Preparations from purple carrots containing anthocyanins improved intestine microbial activity, serum lipid profile and antioxidant status in rats. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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222
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An In Vivo ( Gallus gallus) Feeding Trial Demonstrating the Enhanced Iron Bioavailability Properties of the Fast Cooking Manteca Yellow Bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081768. [PMID: 31374868 PMCID: PMC6724231 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The common dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a globally produced pulse crop and an important source of micronutrients for millions of people across Latin America and Africa. Many of the preferred black and red seed types in these regions have seed coat polyphenols that inhibit the absorption of iron. Yellow beans are distinct from other market classes because they accumulate the antioxidant kaempferol 3-glucoside in their seed coats. Due to their fast cooking tendencies, yellow beans are often marketed at premium prices in the same geographical regions where dietary iron deficiency is a major health concern. Hence, this study compared the iron bioavailability of three faster cooking yellow beans with contrasting seed coat colors from Africa (Manteca, Amarillo, and Njano) to slower cooking white and red kidney commercial varieties. Iron status and iron bioavailability was assessed by the capacity of a bean based diet to generate and maintain total body hemoglobin iron (Hb-Fe) during a 6 week in vivo (Gallus gallus) feeding trial. Over the course of the experiment, animals fed yellow bean diets had significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher Hb-Fe than animals fed the white or red kidney bean diet. This study shows that the Manteca yellow bean possess a rare combination of biochemical traits that result in faster cooking times and improved iron bioavailability. The Manteca yellow bean is worthy of germplasm enhancement to address iron deficiency in regions where beans are consumed as a dietary staple.
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223
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Parker A, Fonseca S, Carding SR. Gut microbes and metabolites as modulators of blood-brain barrier integrity and brain health. Gut Microbes 2019; 11:135-157. [PMID: 31368397 PMCID: PMC7053956 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2019.1638722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal (gut) microbiota comprises diverse and dynamic populations of bacteria, archaea, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, coexisting in a mutualistic relationship with the host. When intestinal homeostasis is perturbed, the function of the gastrointestinal tract and other organ systems, including the brain, can be compromised. The gut microbiota is proposed to contribute to blood-brain barrier disruption and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. While progress is being made, a better understanding of interactions between gut microbes and host cells, and the impact these have on signaling from gut to brain is now required. In this review, we summarise current evidence of the impact gut microbes and their metabolites have on blood-brain barrier integrity and brain function, and the communication networks between the gastrointestinal tract and brain, which they may modulate. We also discuss the potential of microbiota modulation strategies as therapeutic tools for promoting and restoring brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimée Parker
- Gut Microbes and Health Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
| | - Sonia Fonseca
- Gut Microbes and Health Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
| | - Simon R. Carding
- Gut Microbes and Health Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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224
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Effects of Gut Microbiota on the Bioavailability of Bioactive Compounds from Ginkgo Leaf Extracts. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9070132. [PMID: 31284440 PMCID: PMC6680440 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9070132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginkgo leaf extract (GLE) is a popular herbal medicine and dietary supplement for the treatment of various diseases, including cardiovascular disease. GLE contains a variety of secondary plant metabolites, such as flavonoids and terpenoids, as active components. Some of these phytochemicals have been known to be metabolized by gut microbial enzymes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the gut microbiota on the pharmacokinetics of the main constituents of GLE using antibacterial-treated mice. The bilobalide, ginkgolide A, ginkgolide B, ginkgolide C, isorhamnetin, kaempferol, and quercetin pharmacokinetic profiles of orally administered GLE (600 mg/kg), with or without ciprofloxacin pretreatment (150 mg/kg/day for 3 days), were determined. In the antibacterial-treated mice, the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUC) of isorhamnetin were significantly (p < 0.05) increased when compared with the control group. The Cmax and AUC of kaempferol and quercetin (other flavonol glycosides) were slightly higher than those of the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant, while both parameters for terpenoids of GLE showed no significant difference between the antibacterial-treated and control groups. These results showed that antibacterial consumption may increase the bioavailability of isorhamnetin by suppressing gut microbial metabolic activities.
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225
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Valencia-Avilés E, Martínez-Flores HE, García-Pérez M, Meléndez-Herrera E, García-Pérez ME. Investigation of the Antibacterial Activity and Subacute Toxicity of a Quercus crassifolia Polyphenolic Bark Extract for its Potential Use in Functional Foods. J Food Sci 2019; 84:1692-1702. [PMID: 31206188 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oak wood is used in barrels for wine aging. During aging, polyphenols are transferred from the barrels to the liquid. Although the bioactivity of oak polyphenols in wines has been extensively studied, no investigation exists on their toxicological properties, which limits their use as functional safe ingredients for other products. In this work, the chemical composition of a polyphenolic extract of Quercus crassifolia bark (QCBe) was studied by GC-MS. Its antibacterial properties on probiotic and pathogenic bacteria and its subacute-oral toxicity were determined as a way to understand the potential impact from its addition to fermented food as a functional ingredient. QCBe shows a selective inhibition of Escherichia coli compared with Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophylus. According to the toxicity evaluation, the subacute no-observed-adverse-effect-level was achieved at 11 mg/kg bw/day, whereas the subacute lowest-observed-adverse-effect-level for kidney damage was at 33 mg/kg bw/day. These results suggest that, given the fact an adverse effect was observed after subacute administration of this extract, further longer term toxicological studies are needed to provide sufficient safety evidence for its use in humans. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Mexico's yogurt market is growing which creates opportunities for the development of some yogurt products as functional foods. As a first step to evaluate its potential use in yogurt formulation, the antibacterial effect of a Quercus crassifolia polyphenolic extract (QCBe) on probiotic bacteria and its subacute-oral toxicity in rats were studied. A low inhibition on probiotic bacteria growth was observed after QCBe addition to Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophylus cultures. Exposure to QCBe for a subacute duration resulted in renal injury in rats at dosages greater than or equal to 33 mg/kg/bw/day. This adverse effect indicates the importance of performing further long-term toxicological assessments prior to the addition of QCBe to a food like yogurt, which is regularly eaten by consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eréndira Valencia-Avilés
- Programa Inst. de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Univ. Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México, 58004
| | | | - Manuel García-Pérez
- Biological Systems Engineering Dept., Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA, U.S.A., 99164
| | - Esperanza Meléndez-Herrera
- Inst. de Investigaciones sobre Recursos Naturales, Univ. Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México, 58330
| | - Martha-Estrella García-Pérez
- Inst. de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Univ. Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México, 58030
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226
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Rothenberg DO, Zhang L. Mechanisms Underlying the Anti-Depressive Effects of Regular Tea Consumption. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061361. [PMID: 31212946 PMCID: PMC6627400 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This article is a comprehensive review of the literature pertaining to the antidepressant effects and mechanisms of regular tea consumption. Meta-data supplemented with recent observational studies were first analyzed to assess the association between tea consumption and depression risk. The literature reported risk ratios (RR) were 0.69 with 95% confidence intervals of 0.62–0.77. Next, we thoroughly reviewed human trials, mouse models, and in vitro experiments to determine the predominant mechanisms underlying the observed linear relationship between tea consumption and reduced risk of depression. Current theories on the neurobiology of depression were utilized to map tea-mediated mechanisms of antidepressant activity onto an integrated framework of depression pathology. The major nodes within the network framework of depression included hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity, inflammation, weakened monoaminergic systems, reduced neurogenesis/neuroplasticity, and poor microbiome diversity affecting the gut–brain axis. We detailed how each node has subsystems within them, including signaling pathways, specific target proteins, or transporters that interface with compounds in tea, mediating their antidepressant effects. A major pathway was found to be the ERK/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway, up-regulated by a number of compounds in tea including teasaponin, L-theanine, EGCG and combinations of tea catechins and their metabolites. Black tea theaflavins and EGCG are potent anti-inflammatory agents via down-regulation of NF-κB signaling. Multiple compounds in tea are effective modulators of dopaminergic activity and the gut–brain axis. Taken together, our findings show that constituents found in all major tea types, predominantly L-theanine, polyphenols and polyphenol metabolites, are capable of functioning through multiple pathways simultaneously to collectively reduce the risk of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan O'Neill Rothenberg
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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227
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Rafiei H, Omidian K, Bandy B. Phenolic Breakdown Products of Cyanidin and Quercetin Contribute to Protection against Mitochondrial Impairment and Reactive Oxygen Species Generation in an In Vitro Model of Hepatocyte Steatosis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:6241-6247. [PMID: 31117508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A question in cell culture and dietary studies on protection by flavonoids against conditions such as hepatocyte steatosis is whether effects might be due to phenolic breakdown/digestion products. In HepG2 hepatocytes, treatment with quercetin, cyanidin, or their phenolic breakdown/digestion products (protocatechuic acid, 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzaldehyde, and caffeic acid), starting 2 h prior to oleic acid for 24 h, protected similarly against increases in intracellular lipid and reactive oxygen species and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. Cyanidin or the phenolic products also protected against decreased mitochondrial content. After preincubation for only 1 h (to limit spontaneous degradation) and removal prior to oleic acid, only the phenolic products protected against decreased mitochondrial content, and without adding oleic acid, only protocatechuic acid and caffeic acid, and less so cyanidin, induced mitochondrial content. The results suggest that phenolic breakdown/digestion products of cyanidin and quercetin contribute to the protective effects in vitro, and perhaps in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Rafiei
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5B5 , Canada
| | - Kosar Omidian
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5B5 , Canada
| | - Brian Bandy
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5B5 , Canada
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228
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Tao W, Zhang Y, Shen X, Cao Y, Shi J, Ye X, Chen S. Rethinking the Mechanism of the Health Benefits of Proanthocyanidins: Absorption, Metabolism, and Interaction with Gut Microbiota. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 18:971-985. [PMID: 33336996 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins, as the oligomers or polymers of flavan-3-ol, are widely discovered in plants such as fruits, vegetables, cereals, nuts, and leaves, presenting a major part of dietary polyphenols. Although proanthocyanidins exert several types of bioactivities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective activity, their exact mechanisms remain unclear. Due to the complexity of the structure of proanthocyanidins, such as their various monomers, different linkages and isomers, investigation of their bioavailability and metabolism is limited, which further hinders the explanation of their bioactivities. Since the large molecular weight and degree of polymerization limit the bioavailability of proanthocyanidins, the major effective site of proanthocyanidins is proposed to be in the gut. Many studies have revealed the effects of proanthocyanidins from different sources on changing the composition of gut microbiota based on in vitro and in vivo models and the bioactivities of their metabolites. However, the metabolic routes of proanthocyanidins by gut microbiota and their mutual interactions are still sparse. Thus, this review summarizes the chemistry, absorption, and metabolic pathways of proanthocyanidins ranging from monomers to polymers, as well as the mutual interactions between proanthocyanidins and gut microbiota, in order to better understand how proanthocyanidins exert their health-promoting functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyang Tao
- Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Inst. of Food Science, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Inst. of Food Science, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xuemin Shen
- Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Inst. of Food Science, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yanping Cao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business Univ. (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
| | - John Shi
- Guelph Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Xingqian Ye
- Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Inst. of Food Science, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shiguo Chen
- Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Inst. of Food Science, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, 310058, China
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229
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Fraga CG, Croft KD, Kennedy DO, Tomás-Barberán FA. The effects of polyphenols and other bioactives on human health. Food Funct 2019; 10:514-528. [PMID: 30746536 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01997e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 529] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although deficiencies in polyphenol intake do not result in specific deficiency diseases, adequate intake of polyphenols could confer health benefits, especially with regard to chronic diseases. Tea, cocoa, fruits, and berries, as well as vegetables, are rich in polyphenols. Flavan-3-ols from cocoa have been found to be associated with a reduced risk of stroke, myocardial infarction, and diabetes, as well as improvements in lipids, endothelial-dependent blood flow and blood pressure, insulin resistance, and systemic inflammation. The flavonoid quercetin and the stilbene resveratrol have also been associated with cardiometabolic health. Although polyphenols have been associated with improved cerebral blood flow, evidence of an impact on cognition is more limited. The ability of dietary polyphenols to produce clinical effects may be due, at least in part, to a bi-directional relationship with the gut microbiota. Polyphenols can impact the composition of the gut microbiota (which are independently associated with health benefits), and gut bacteria metabolize polyphenols into bioactive compounds that produce clinical benefits. Another critical interaction is that of polyphenols with other phytochemicals, which could be relevant to interpreting the health parameter effects of polyphenols assayed as purified extracts, whole foods, or whole food extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- César G Fraga
- Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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230
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Rocchetti G, Senizza A, Gallo A, Lucini L, Giuberti G, Patrone V. In vitro large intestine fermentation of gluten-free rice cookies containing alfalfa seed (Medicago sativa L.) flour: A combined metagenomic/metabolomic approach. Food Res Int 2019; 120:312-321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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231
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Cherry P, Yadav S, Strain CR, Allsopp PJ, McSorley EM, Ross RP, Stanton C. Prebiotics from Seaweeds: An Ocean of Opportunity? Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E327. [PMID: 31159359 PMCID: PMC6627129 DOI: 10.3390/md17060327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds are an underexploited and potentially sustainable crop which offer a rich source of bioactive compounds, including novel complex polysaccharides, polyphenols, fatty acids, and carotenoids. The purported efficacies of these phytochemicals have led to potential functional food and nutraceutical applications which aim to protect against cardiometabolic and inflammatory risk factors associated with non-communicable diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and some cancers. Concurrent understanding that perturbations of gut microbial composition and metabolic function manifest throughout health and disease has led to dietary strategies, such as prebiotics, which exploit the diet-host-microbe paradigm to modulate the gut microbiota, such that host health is maintained or improved. The prebiotic definition was recently updated to "a substrate that is selectively utilised by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit", which, given that previous discussion regarding seaweed prebiotics has focused upon saccharolytic fermentation, an opportunity is presented to explore how non-complex polysaccharide components from seaweeds may be metabolised by host microbial populations to benefit host health. Thus, this review provides an innovative approach to consider how the gut microbiota may utilise seaweed phytochemicals, such as polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and carotenoids, and provides an updated discussion regarding the catabolism of seaweed-derived complex polysaccharides with potential prebiotic activity. Additional in vitro screening studies and in vivo animal studies are needed to identify potential prebiotics from seaweeds, alongside untargeted metabolomics to decipher microbial-derived metabolites from seaweeds. Furthermore, controlled human intervention studies with health-related end points to elucidate prebiotic efficacy are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Cherry
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry BT52 1SA, UK.
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996, Ireland.
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland.
| | - Supriya Yadav
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996, Ireland.
| | - Conall R Strain
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996, Ireland.
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland.
| | - Philip J Allsopp
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry BT52 1SA, UK.
| | - Emeir M McSorley
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry BT52 1SA, UK.
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland.
- College of Science, Engineering and Food Science, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland.
| | - Catherine Stanton
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996, Ireland.
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland.
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232
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Choe U, Li Y, Gao B, Yu L, Wang TTY, Sun J, Chen P, Yu LL. The chemical composition of a cold-pressed milk thistle seed flour extract, and its potential health beneficial properties. Food Funct 2019; 10:2461-2470. [PMID: 30977500 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00377k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cold-pressed milk thistle seed flour was extracted with 50% acetone and evaluated for its phytochemical composition, and gut microbiota modulating, free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative capacities. UHPLC-MS analysis detected fifteen compounds in the milk thistle seed flour extract with silychristin as the primary component followed by silybin B and isosilybins A & B. The milk thistle seed flour extract enhanced the total bacteria number and altered the abundance of a specific bacterial phylum or genus under the experimental conditions. The extract had RDSC, ORAC, HOSC, and ABTS˙+ scavenging capacities of 49, 634, 10 420 and 116 μmol Trolox equivalents (TE) per g flour, respectively. In addition, the milk thistle seed flour extract suppressed LPS induced IL-1β mRNA expression in the cultured J774A.1 mouse macrophages and the proliferation of LNCaP prostate cancer cells. The results suggest milk thistle seed flour's potential health benefits in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uyory Choe
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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233
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Reese AT, Carmody RN. Thinking Outside the Cereal Box: Noncarbohydrate Routes for Dietary Manipulation of the Gut Microbiota. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:e02246-18. [PMID: 30504210 PMCID: PMC6498178 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02246-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a diverse and dynamic ecological community that is increasingly recognized to play important roles in host metabolic, immunological, and behavioral functioning. As such, identifying new routes for manipulating the microbiota may provide valuable additional methods for improving host health. Dietary manipulations and prebiotic supplementation are active targets of research for altering the microbiota, but to date, this work has disproportionately focused on carbohydrates. However, many other resources can limit or shape microbial growth. Here, we provide a brief overview of the resource landscape in the mammalian gut and review relevant literature documenting associations between noncarbohydrate nutrients and the composition of the gut microbiota. To spur future work and accelerate translational applications, we propose that researchers take new approaches for studying the effects of diet on gut microbial communities, including more-careful consideration of media for in vitro experiments, measurement of absolute as well as relative abundances, concerted efforts to articulate how physiology may differ between humans and the animal models used in translational studies, and leveraging natural variation for additional insights. Finally, we close with a discussion of how to determine when or where to employ these potential dietary levers for manipulating the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aspen T Reese
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Society of Fellows, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rachel N Carmody
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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234
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Noce A, Marrone G, Di Daniele F, Ottaviani E, Wilson Jones G, Bernini R, Romani A, Rovella V. Impact of Gut Microbiota Composition on Onset and Progression of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11051073. [PMID: 31091761 PMCID: PMC6567014 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, mounting scientific evidence has emerged regarding the evaluation of the putative correlation between the gut microbiota composition and the presence of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and arterial hypertension. The aim of this narrative review is to examine the current literature with respect to the relationship between intestinal dysbiosis and the insurgence/progression of chronic NCDs, analyzing the physiopathological mechanisms that can induce microbiota modification in the course of these pathologies, and the possible effect induced by microbiota alteration upon disease onset. Therapy based on probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplant can represent a useful therapeutic tool, as has been highlighted on animal studies. To this moment, clinical studies that intended to demonstrate the beneficial effect induced by this kind of oral supplementation on the gut microbiota composition, and subsequent amelioration of signs and symptoms of chronic NCDs have been conducted on limited sample populations for a limited follow-up period. Therefore, to fully evaluate the therapeutic value of this kind of intervention, it would be ideal to design ample population; randomized clinical trials with a lengthy follow up period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Noce
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giulia Marrone
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
- PhD School of Applied Medical- Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Di Daniele
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Ottaviani
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Georgia Wilson Jones
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Roberta Bernini
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Romani
- PHYTOLAB-DISIA-Department of Informatics, Statistics and Applications G. Parenti, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni, 59-50134 Florence, Italy and QuMAP-PIN-Piazza Giovanni Ciardi, 25, 59100 Prato (PO), Italy.
| | - Valentina Rovella
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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235
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Serra D, Almeida LM, Dinis TCP. Polyphenols as food bioactive compounds in the context of Autism Spectrum Disorders: A critical mini-review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 102:290-298. [PMID: 31085194 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dietary polyphenols are bioactive compounds with potential in preventing and treating several chronic disorders, mainly due to their ability to modulate key pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant signalling pathways. Although some studies have expressed concern about their efficacy in vivo, accumulating evidence has suggested that these compounds may achieve large concentrations in the gastrointestinal tract, which may be important in the context of intestinal and of neurological disorders, via modulation of the "gut-brain axis". Autism Spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of lifelong neurodevelopmental disorders in which many patients suffer from gastrointestinal impairments. Thus, in the scope of these disorders, a growing number of studies have been focused on the microbiota-gut-brain axis. In this mini-review, we present gathered data on gut-to-brain communication in the scope of ASD and we address the advantages of polyphenols in the treatment of these disorders, presenting the more recent preclinical and clinical data on this issue. According to most studies, dietary polyphenols can be a promising strategy for the alleviation of ASD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Serra
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Leonor M Almeida
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa C P Dinis
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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236
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Blando F, Russo R, Negro C, De Bellis L, Frassinetti S. Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity against Staphylococcus aureus of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. Cladode Polyphenolic Extracts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8050117. [PMID: 31052535 PMCID: PMC6562908 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8050117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant extracts are a rich source of natural compounds with antimicrobial properties, which are able to prevent, at some extent, the growth of foodborne pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of polyphenolic extracts from cladodes of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. to inhibit the growth of some enterobacteria and the biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus. Opuntia ficus-indica cladodes at two stages of development were analysed for total phenolic content and antioxidant activity by Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) (in vitro assays) and by cellular antioxidant activity in red blood cells (CAA-RBC) (ex vivo assay). The Liquid Chromatography Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS–TOF) analysis of the polyphenolic extracts revealed high levels of piscidic acid, eucomic acid, isorhamnetin derivatives and rutin, particularly in the immature cladode extracts. Opuntia cladodes extracts showed a remarkable antioxidant activity (in vitro and ex vivo), a selective inhibition of the growth of Gram-positive bacteria, and an inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation. Our results suggest and confirm that Opuntia ficus-indica cladode extracts could be employed as functional food, due to the high polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity, and used as natural additive for food process control and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Blando
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Research Unit of Lecce, Via Prov. le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Rossella Russo
- Institute of Biology and Agricultural Biotechnology (IBBA), National Research Council (CNR), Research Unit of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Carmine Negro
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), Salento University, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Luigi De Bellis
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), Salento University, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Stefania Frassinetti
- Institute of Biology and Agricultural Biotechnology (IBBA), National Research Council (CNR), Research Unit of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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237
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Jamuna S, Rathinavel A, Mohammed Sadullah SS, Devaraj SN. In silico approach to study the metabolism and biological activities of oligomeric proanthocyanidin complexes. Indian J Pharmacol 2019; 50:242-250. [PMID: 30636827 PMCID: PMC6302699 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_36_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Over the past three decades, numerous studies have focused on the biological activities of oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs) in the prevention of many diseases such as neurodegeneration, atherosclerosis, tumorigenesis, and microbial infections. OPC has redox-active metabolites which could modulate the intracellular redox equilibrium to maintain the antioxidant homeostasis. This redox-modulating efficiency of OPC could provide new insights into therapeutic approaches that could reduce the burden of cardiovascular diseases. The main objective of this study was to explore the biological and metabolic activities of OPC using in silico approaches. METHODS: To validate the above objective, chemoinformatic tools were used to predict the metabolism of OPC after ingestion, based on both the ligand and structure of the constituent compounds. RESULTS: OPC showed possible sites for Phase I metabolism by cytochrome P450, and the metabolites obtained thereafter may be responsible for its biological activities. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, and toxicity properties showed efficient absorption, distribution, and metabolism of OPC, without toxicity. CONCLUSION: Thus, from the results obtained, OPC could be strongly recommended as a cardioprotective drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Jamuna
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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238
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Cárdenas-Castro AP, Bianchi F, Tallarico-Adorno MA, Montalvo-González E, Sáyago-Ayerdi SG, Sivieri K. In vitro colonic fermentation of Mexican “taco” from corn-tortilla and black beans in a Simulator of Human Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®) system. Food Res Int 2019; 118:81-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.05.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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239
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Abstract
Diet affects multiple facets of human health and is inextricably linked to chronic metabolic conditions such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Dietary nutrients are essential not only for human health but also for the health and survival of the trillions of microbes that reside within the human intestines. Diet is a key component of the relationship between humans and their microbial residents; gut microbes use ingested nutrients for fundamental biological processes, and the metabolic outputs of those processes may have important impacts on human physiology. Studies in humans and animal models are beginning to unravel the underpinnings of this relationship, and increasing evidence suggests that it may underlie some of the broader effects of diet on human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Gentile
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
| | - Tiffany L Weir
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA.
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240
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Gu J, Thomas-Ahner JM, Riedl KM, Bailey MT, Vodovotz Y, Schwartz SJ, Clinton SK. Dietary Black Raspberries Impact the Colonic Microbiome and Phytochemical Metabolites in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1800636. [PMID: 30763455 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Black raspberries (BRB) are a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals, including anthocyanins and ellagitannins. These phytochemicals are poorly absorbed and may be transformed by gut microbiota into various metabolites that may impact the colonic mucosa or upon absorption have systemic bioactivity. The objective of this study is to define the impact of a BRB-containing diet on the colon microbiome in mice and quantify the phytochemical metabolites in the colon contents and circulation. METHODS AND RESULTS Male mice were fed 10% w/w freeze-dried BRB powder for 6 weeks. The colonic microbiota was evaluated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Anthocyanin and ellagitannin metabolites, protocatechuic acid, and urolithins were analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS. The BRB diet impacted colon mucosal microbial composition with a more robust effect observed on the luminal microflora. BRB-derived protocatechuic acid and urolithins were quantified in the colon, luminal contents, plasma, liver, and prostate with protocatechuic acid present in higher concentrations compared to urolithins. CONCLUSION This study highlights the complex interactions between dietary phytochemicals, the host microbiome, and metabolism. It is demonstrated that microbially produced phytochemical metabolites are present in the colon and systemic circulation where they may exert biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junnan Gu
- Interdisciplinary PhD Program in Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA
| | | | - Kenneth M Riedl
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA.,Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA.,Nutrient & Phytochemical Analytic Shared Resource, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA
| | - Michael T Bailey
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA.,Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, 43205, OH, USA.,Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA
| | - Yael Vodovotz
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA.,Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA
| | - Steven J Schwartz
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA.,Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA.,Nutrient & Phytochemical Analytic Shared Resource, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA
| | - Steven K Clinton
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA
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241
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Campbell NK, Fitzgerald HK, Fletcher JM, Dunne A. Plant-Derived Polyphenols Modulate Human Dendritic Cell Metabolism and Immune Function via AMPK-Dependent Induction of Heme Oxygenase-1. Front Immunol 2019; 10:345. [PMID: 30881359 PMCID: PMC6405514 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are important immunonutrients which have been investigated in the context of inflammatory and autoimmune disease due to their significant immunosuppressive properties. However, the mechanism of action of many polyphenols is unclear, particularly in human immune cells. The emerging field of immunometabolism has highlighted the significance of metabolic function in the regulation of immune cell activity, yet the effects of polyphenols on immune cell metabolic signaling and function has not been explored. We have investigated the effects of two plant-derived polyphenols, carnosol and curcumin, on the metabolism of primary human dendritic cells (DC). We report that human DC display an increase in glycolysis and spare respiratory capacity in response to LPS stimulation, which was attenuated by both carnosol and curcumin treatment. The regulation of DC metabolism by these polyphenols appeared to be mediated by their activation of the cellular energy sensor, AMP-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK), which resulted in the inhibition of mTOR signaling in LPS-stimulated DC. Previously we have reported that both carnosol and curcumin can regulate the maturation and function of human DC through upregulation of the immunomodulatory enzyme, Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Here we also demonstrate that the induction of HO-1 by polyphenols in human DC is dependent on their activation of AMPK. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of AMPK was found to reverse the observed reduction of DC maturation by carnosol and curcumin. This study therefore describes a novel relationship between metabolic signaling via AMPK and HO-1 induction by carnosol and curcumin in human DC, and characterizes the effects of these polyphenols on DC immunometabolism for the first time. These results expand our understanding of the mechanism of action of carnosol and curcumin in human immune cells, and suggest that polyphenol supplementation may be useful to regulate the metabolism and function of immune cells in inflammatory and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole K Campbell
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology and School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hannah K Fitzgerald
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology and School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jean M Fletcher
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology and School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aisling Dunne
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology and School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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242
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Tur JA, Jacob C, Chaimbault P, Tadayyon M, Richling E, Hermans N, Nunes dos Santos C, Diederich M, Giblin L, Elhabiri M, Gaucher C, Andreoletti P, Fernandes A, Davies M, Bartoszek A, Cherkaoui-Malki M. Personalized nutrition in ageing society: redox control of major-age related diseases through the NutRedOx Network (COST Action CA16112). Free Radic Res 2019; 53:1163-1170. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1572890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josep A. Tur
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands & CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Claus Jacob
- Department of Pharmacy, Bioorganic Chemistry, Saarland State University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | | | - Elke Richling
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Food Chemistry & Toxicology, Technic University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Nina Hermans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Research Group NatuRA - Natural Products and Food Research & Analysis, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Claudia Nunes dos Santos
- Institute of Experimental and Technic Biology, Oeiras, Portugal
- Institute of Chemical and Biological Technology ‘António Xavier’, New University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marc Diederich
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer, Hospital Kirchberg, Luxembourg, Europe
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Linda Giblin
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy Co., Cork, Ireland
| | - Mourad Elhabiri
- Laboratory of Molecular Innovation and Applications, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Pierre Andreoletti
- Bio-PeroxIL, UFR of Life, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Ana Fernandes
- CBIOS, Lusofona University Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Michael Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Agnieszka Bartoszek
- Department of Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology – Food, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk, Poland
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243
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Mendez R, Banerjee S, Bhattacharya SK, Banerjee S. Lung inflammation and disease: A perspective on microbial homeostasis and metabolism. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:152-165. [PMID: 30466159 PMCID: PMC6352907 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
It is now well appreciated that the human microbiome plays a significant role in a number of processes in the body, significantly affecting its metabolic, inflammatory, and immune homeostasis. Recent research has revealed that almost every mucosal surface in the human body is associated with a resident commensal microbiome of its own. While the gut microbiome and its role in regulation of host metabolism along with its alteration in a disease state has been well studied, there is a lacuna in understanding the resident microbiota of other mucosal surfaces. Among these, the scientific information on the role of lung microbiota in pulmonary diseases is currently severely limited. Historically, lungs have been considered to be sterile and lung diseases have only been studied in the context of bacterial pathogenesis. Recently however, studies have revealed a resilient microbiome in the upper and lower respiratory tracts and there is increased evidence on its central role in respiratory diseases. Knowledge of lung microbiome and its metabolic fallout (local and systemic) is still in its nascent stages and attracting immense interest in recent times. In this review, we will provide a perspective on lung-associated metabolic disorders defined for lung diseases (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and respiratory depression due to infection) and correlate it with lung microbial perturbation. Such perturbations may be due to altered biochemical or metabolic stress as well. Finally, we will draw evidence from microbiome and classical microbiology literature to demonstrate how specific lung morbidities associate with specific metabolic characteristics of the disease, and with the role of microbiome in this context. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(1):152-165, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Mendez
- Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Sulagna Banerjee
- Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Florida, USA
- Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Sanjoy K. Bhattacharya
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Florida, USA
- Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Santanu Banerjee
- Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Florida, USA
- Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami, Florida, USA
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244
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Angiletta CJ, Griffin LE, Steele CN, Baer DJ, Novotny JA, Davy KP, Neilson AP. Impact of short-term flavanol supplementation on fasting plasma trimethylamine N-oxide concentrations in obese adults. Food Funct 2019; 9:5350-5361. [PMID: 30264073 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00962g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiome metabolizes choline and carnitine to release trimethylamine (TMA), which subsequently undergoes hepatic conversion to trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). Elevated TMAO levels are associated with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality risk. Dietary flavanols modulate the composition and function of the gut microbiome. Therefore, the possibility exists that these compounds could reduce intestinal TMA production and lower circulating TMAO. However, this hypothesis has never been tested in humans. A secondary analysis was performed on blood samples from a clinical study in which obese subjects at risk for insulin resistance consumed tea or cocoa flavanols in a randomized crossover design while consuming a controlled diet. These subjects generally had elevated TMAO levels (∼5 μM) compared to levels previously measured in healthy subjects (∼1 μM). None of the interventions significantly altered TMAO levels. Individual variability for choline and carnitine was relatively low. However, TMAO exhibited somewhat greater inter-individual variability. No differences in mean TMAO concentrations observed across interventions were seen based on separating subjects by glycemic status, body mass index (BMI), race, age, or gender. However, subject minimum and maximum values observed across the interventions appeared to be more strongly associated with glycemic status and age than mean values across interventions, suggesting that average TMAO values over time may be less useful than maximum or minimum values as markers of disease risk. Traditional physiological characteristics do not appear to predict TMAO responsiveness to flavanol interventions. However, African-American subjects appeared less responsive compared to non-Hispanic white subjects for both green tea and high cocoa treatments, and female subjects appeared less responsive than males for the high cocoa treatment. The present results suggest that a short-term flavanol intervention does not generally reduce fasting TMAO levels in subjects with elevated circulating TMAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris J Angiletta
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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245
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Kawabata K, Yoshioka Y, Terao J. Role of Intestinal Microbiota in the Bioavailability and Physiological Functions of Dietary Polyphenols. Molecules 2019; 24:E370. [PMID: 30669635 PMCID: PMC6359708 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are categorized as plant secondary metabolites, and they have attracted much attention in relation to human health and the prevention of chronic diseases. In recent years, a considerable number of studies have been published concerning their physiological function in the digestive tract, such as their prebiotic properties and their modification of intestinal microbiota. It has also been suggested that several hydrolyzed and/or fission products, derived from the catabolism of polyphenols by intestinal bacteria, exert their physiological functions in target sites after transportation into the body. Thus, this review article focuses on the role of intestinal microbiota in the bioavailability and physiological function of dietary polyphenols. Monomeric polyphenols, such as flavonoids and oligomeric polyphenols, such as proanthocyanidins, are usually catabolized to chain fission products by intestinal bacteria in the colon. Gallic acid and ellagic acid derived from the hydrolysis of gallotannin, and ellagitannin are also subjected to intestinal catabolism. These catabolites may play a large role in the physiological functions of dietary polyphenols. They may also affect the microbiome, resulting in health promotion by the activation of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) excretion and intestinal immune function. The intestinal microbiota is a key factor in mediating the physiological functions of dietary polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuichi Kawabata
- Faculty of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Konan Women's University, 6-2-23 Morikita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe City, Hyogo 658-0001, Japan.
| | - Yasukiyo Yoshioka
- Faculty of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Konan Women's University, 6-2-23 Morikita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe City, Hyogo 658-0001, Japan.
| | - Junji Terao
- Faculty of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Konan Women's University, 6-2-23 Morikita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe City, Hyogo 658-0001, Japan.
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246
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Xia Y, Tan D, Akbary R, Kong J, Seviour R, Kong Y. Aqueous raw and ripe Pu-erh tea extracts alleviate obesity and alter cecal microbiota composition and function in diet-induced obese rats. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:1823-1835. [PMID: 30610284 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-09581-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pu-erh tea is attracting increased attention worldwide because of its unique flavor and health effects, but its impact on the composition and function of the gut microbiota remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aqueous extracts of fermented (ripe) and non-fermented (raw) Pu-erh teas on the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota of rats with diet-induced obesity. We conducted a comparative metagenomic and meta-proteomic investigation of the microbial communities in cecal samples taken from obese rats treated with or without extracts of raw or ripe Pu-erh teas. By analyzing the composition and diversity of 16S rRNA amplicons and expression profiles of 814 distinct proteins, we found that despite differences in the chemical compositions of raw and ripe Pu-erh teas, administration of either tea at two doses (0.15- and 0.40-g/kg body weight) significantly (P < 0.05) increased microbial diversity and changed the composition of cecal microbiota by increasing the relative abundances of Firmicutes and decreasing those of Bacteroidetes. Community metabolic processes, including sucrose metabolism, glycolysis, and syntheses of proteins, rRNAs, and antibiotics were significantly (P < 0.05) promoted or had a tendency (0.10 < P < 0.05) to be promoted due to the enrichment of relevant enzymes. Furthermore, evidence at population, molecular, and metabolic levels indicated that polyphenols of raw Pu-erh tea and their metabolites potentially promote Akkermansia muciniphila growth by stimulating a type II and III secretion system protein, the elongation factor Tu, and a glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. This study provides new evidence for the prebiotic effects of Pu-erh tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xia
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Donghong Tan
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Roya Akbary
- Biology Department, Toronto University, Toronto, Canada
| | - James Kong
- Computer Science, York University, York, Canada
| | - Robert Seviour
- Microbiology Department, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3228, Australia
| | - Yunhong Kong
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University, Kunming, China.
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Kobus-Cisowska J, Szymanowska D, Maciejewska P, Kmiecik D, Gramza-Michałowska A, Kulczyński B, Cielecka-Piontek J. In vitro screening for acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibition and antimicrobial activity of chia seeds (Salvia hispanica). ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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248
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Westfall S, Iqbal U, Sebastian M, Pasinetti GM. Gut microbiota mediated allostasis prevents stress-induced neuroinflammatory risk factors of Alzheimer's disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 168:147-181. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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249
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Wu XM, Tan RX. Interaction between gut microbiota and ethnomedicine constituents. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:788-809. [DOI: 10.1039/c8np00041g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This highlight reviews the interaction processes between gut microbiota and ethnomedicine constituents, which may conceptualize future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Ming Wu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Ren Xiang Tan
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
- Nanjing
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
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250
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Zhang Y, Zhang B, Dong L, Chang P. Potential of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Managing Chemotherapy- or Radiotherapy-Related Intestinal Microbial Dysbiosis. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:133-147. [PMID: 30566596 PMCID: PMC6370266 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy- or radiotherapy-related intestinal microbial dysbiosis is one of the main causes of intestinal mucositis. Cases of bacterial translocation into peripheral blood and subsequent sepsis occur as a result of dysfunction in the intestinal barrier. Evidence from recent studies depicts the characteristics of chemotherapy- or radiotherapy-related intestinal microbial dysbiosis, which creates an imbalance between beneficial and harmful bacteria in the gut. Decreases in beneficial bacteria can lead to a weakening of the resistance of the gut to harmful bacteria, resulting in robust activation of proinflammatory signaling pathways. For example, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-producing bacteria activate the nuclear transcription factor-κB signaling pathway through binding with Toll-like receptor 4 on stressed epithelial cells, subsequently leading to secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Nevertheless, various studies have found that the omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid can reverse intestinal microbial dysbiosis by increasing beneficial bacteria species, including Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and butyrate-producing bacteria, such as Roseburia and Coprococcus. In addition, the n-3 PUFAs decrease the proportions of LPS-producing and mucolytic bacteria in the gut, and they can reduce inflammation as well as oxidative stress. Importantly, the n-3 PUFAs also exert anticancer effects in colorectal cancers. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of chemotherapy- or radiotherapy-related intestinal microbial dysbiosis and introduce the contributions of dysbiosis to the pathogenesis of intestinal mucositis. Next, we discuss how n-3 PUFAs could alleviate chemotherapy- or radiotherapy-related intestinal microbial dysbiosis. This review provides new insights into the clinical administration of n-3 PUFAs for the management of chemotherapy- or radiotherapy-related intestinal microbial dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, ChangChun, China
| | - Boyan Zhang
- Orthopedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, ChangChun, China
| | - Lihua Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, ChangChun, China,Address correspondence to LD (e-mail: )
| | - Pengyu Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, ChangChun, China,Address correspondence to PC (e-mail: )
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