201
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Nagarajan RD, Murugan P, Sundramoorthy AK. Selective Electrochemical Sensing of NADH and NAD +Using Graphene/Tungstate Nanocomposite Modified Electrode. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramila D Nagarajan
- Department of Chemistry SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Preethika Murugan
- Department of Chemistry SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Ashok K Sundramoorthy
- Department of Chemistry SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu India
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202
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"Adenosine an old player with new possibilities in kidney diseases": Preclinical evidences and clinical perspectives. Life Sci 2020; 265:118834. [PMID: 33249096 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Renal injury might originate from multiple factors like ischemia reperfusion (I/R), drug toxicity, cystic fibrosis, radio contrast agent etc. The four adenosine receptor subtypes have been identified and found to show diverse physiological and pathological roles in kidney diseases. The activation of A1 adenosine receptor (A1) protects against acute kidney injury by improving renal hemodynamic alterations, decreasing tubular necrosis and its inhibition might facilitate removal of toxin or drug metabolite in chronic kidney disease models. Furthermore, recent findings revealed that A2A receptor subtype activation regulates macrophage phenotype in experimental models of nephritis. Interestingly the emerging role of adenosine kinase inhibitors in kidney diseases has been discussed which act by increasing adenosine availability at target sites and thereby promote A2A receptor stimulation. In addition, the least explored adenosine receptor subtype A3 inhibition was observed to exert anti- oxidant, immunosuppressive and anti-fibrotic effects, but more studies are required to confirm its benefits in other renal injury models. The clinical studies targeting A1 receptor in patients with pre-existing kidney disease have yielded disappointing results, perhaps owing to the origin of unexpected neurological complications during the course of trial. Importantly, conducting well designed clinical trials and testing adenosine modulators with lesser brain penetrability could clear the way for clinical approval of these agents for patients with renal functional impairments.
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203
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Wang Y, Li J, Chen C, Lu J, Yu J, Xu X, Peng Y, Zhang S, Jiang S, Guo J, Duan J. Targeting the gut microbial metabolic pathway with small molecules decreases uremic toxin production. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1-19. [PMID: 33016221 PMCID: PMC7577114 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1823800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Uremic toxins are a class of toxins that accumulate in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Indoxyl sulfate (IS), a typical uremic toxin, is not efficiently removed by hemodialysis. Modulation of IS production in the gut microbiota may be a promising strategy for decreasing IS concentration, thus, delaying CKD progression. In the present study, we identified isoquercitrin (ISO) as a natural product that can perturb microbiota-mediated indole production without directly inhibiting the growth of microbes or the indole-synthesizing enzyme TnaA. ISO inhibits the establishment of H proton potential by regulating the gut bacteria electron transport chain, thereby inhibiting the transport of tryptophan and further reducing indole biosynthesis. This non-microbiocidal mechanism may enable ISO to be used as a therapeutic tool, specifically against pathologies triggered by the accumulation of the microbial-produced toxin IS, as in CKD. Herein, we have shown that it is possible to inhibit gut microbial indole production using natural components. Therefore, targeting the uremic toxin metabolic pathway in gut bacteria may be a promising strategy to control host uremic toxin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyi Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianping Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenkai Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingbo Lu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingao Yu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuejun Xu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin Peng
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu Jiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianming Guo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,CONTACT Jianming Guo Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Jinao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jinao Duan Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing210023, China
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204
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Pecze L, Randi EB, Szabo C. Meta-analysis of metabolites involved in bioenergetic pathways reveals a pseudohypoxic state in Down syndrome. Mol Med 2020; 26:102. [PMID: 33167881 PMCID: PMC7653803 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00225-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical observations and preclinical studies both suggest that Down syndrome (DS) may be associated with significant metabolic and bioenergetic alterations. However, the relevant scientific literature has not yet been systematically reviewed. The aim of the current study was to conduct a meta-analysis of metabolites involved in bioenergetics pathways in DS to conclusively determine the difference between DS and control subjects. We discuss these findings and their potential relevance in the context of pathogenesis and experimental therapy of DS. Articles published before July 1, 2020, were identified by using the search terms “Down syndrome” and “metabolite name” or “trisomy 21” and “metabolite name”. Moreover, DS-related metabolomics studies and bioenergetics literature were also reviewed. 41 published reports and associated databases were identified, from which the descriptive information and the relevant metabolomic parameters were extracted and analyzed. Mixed effect model revealed the following changes in DS: significantly decreased ATP, CoQ10, homocysteine, serine, arginine and tyrosine; slightly decreased ADP; significantly increased uric acid, succinate, lactate and cysteine; slightly increased phosphate, pyruvate and citrate. However, the concentrations of AMP, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, glucose, and glutamine were comparable in the DS vs. control populations. We conclude that cells of subjects with DS are in a pseudo-hypoxic state: the cellular metabolic and bio-energetic mechanisms exhibit pathophysiological alterations that resemble the cellular responses associated with hypoxia, even though the supply of the cells with oxygen is not disrupted. This fundamental alteration may be, at least in part, responsible for a variety of functional deficits associated with DS, including reduced exercise difference, impaired neurocognitive status and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Pecze
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Elisa B Randi
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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205
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Cheng Y, Cai J, Fu Y, Feng C, Hao Y, Wei Y. Royal jelly attenuates metabolic defects in a Drosophila mutant with elevated TORC1 activity. Biol Open 2020; 9:bio054999. [PMID: 33037015 PMCID: PMC7657477 DOI: 10.1242/bio.054999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) is a master regulator of cell metabolism, and its dysregulation has been linked to an array of pathologies, including cancer and age-related diseases. Nprl3, a component of GTPase-activating protein towards Rags complex 1 (GATOR1), inhibits TORC1 activity under nutrient scarcity status. The nprl3 mutant exhibits some metabolic defects due to hyper TORC1 activity in Drosophila Royal jelly (RJ) is a honeybee-secreted product and plays an essential role in caste differentiation that requires TORC1 activity. RJ is also used as a health-benefit food for its potential roles on antioxidant and anti-aging. In this study, nprl3-mutant flies were used to measure the effect of RJ on metabolic modulation. Interestingly, RJ feeding significantly increased survival and decreased TORC1 activity in the nprl3 mutant. RJ feeding also ameliorated the abnormal reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and energy status in the nprl3 mutant. The proteins in RJ were characterized to be the essential components in increasing nprl3 mutant viability. These findings suggest that RJ modulates some metabolic defects associated with elevated TORC1 activity and that the nprl3-mutant fly might be a useful tool for investigating the bioactive components of RJ in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cheng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Institute of Metabolism and Reproduction, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jiadong Cai
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Congjing Feng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yue Hao
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Youheng Wei
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Institute of Metabolism and Reproduction, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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206
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Moser O, Eckstein ML, West DJ, Goswami N, Sourij H, Hofmann P. Type 1 Diabetes and Physical Exercise: Moving (forward) as an Adjuvant Therapy. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:946-957. [PMID: 31912769 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200108113002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by an autoimmune β-cell destruction resulting in endogenous insulin deficiency, potentially leading to micro- and macrovascular complications. Besides an exogenous insulin therapy and continuous glucose monitoring, physical exercise is recommended in adults with type 1 diabetes to improve overall health. The close relationship between physical exercise, inflammation, muscle contraction, and macronutrient intake has never been discussed in detail about type 1 diabetes. The aim of this narrative review was to detail the role of physical exercise in improving clinical outcomes, physiological responses to exercise and different nutrition and therapy strategies around exercise. Physical exercise has several positive effects on glucose uptake and systemic inflammation in adults with type 1 diabetes. A new approach via personalized therapy adaptations must be applied to target beneficial effects on complications as well as on body weight management. In combination with pre-defined macronutrient intake around exercise, adults with type 1 diabetes can expect similar physiological responses to physical exercise, as seen in their healthy counterparts. This review highlights interesting findings from recent studies related to exercise and type 1 diabetes. However, there is limited research available accompanied by a proper number of participants in the cohort of type 1 diabetes. Especially for this group of patients, an increased understanding of the impact of physical exercise can improve its effectiveness as an adjuvant therapy to move (forward).
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Affiliation(s)
- Othmar Moser
- Cardiovascular Diabetology Research Group, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Max L Eckstein
- Cardiovascular Diabetology Research Group, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Daniel J West
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Nandu Goswami
- Physiology Division, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Sourij
- Cardiovascular Diabetology Research Group, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Hofmann
- Exercise Physiology, Training & Training Therapy Research Group, Institute of Sports Science, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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207
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Hattori K, Wakatsuki H, Sakauchi C, Furutani S, Sugawara S, Hatta T, Natsume T, Ichijo H. β-adrenergic receptor signaling evokes the PKA-ASK axis in mature brown adipocytes. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232645. [PMID: 33108364 PMCID: PMC7591029 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Boosting energy expenditure by harnessing the activity of brown adipocytes is a promising strategy for combatting the global epidemic of obesity. Many studies have revealed that the β3-adrenergic receptor agonist is a potent activator of brown adipocytes, even in humans, and PKA and p38 MAPK have been demonstrated for regulating the transcription of a wide range of critical genes such as Ucp1. We previously revealed that the PKA-ASK1-p38 axis is activated in immature brown adipocytes and contributes to functional maturation. However, the downstream mechanisms of PKA that initiate the p38 MAPK cascade are still mostly unknown in mature brown adipocytes. Here, we identified the ASK family as a crucial signaling molecule bridging PKA and MAPK in mature brown adipocytes. Mechanistically, the phosphorylation of ASK1 at threonine 99 and serine 993 is critical in PKA-dependent ASK1 activation. Additionally, PKA also activates ASK2, which contributes to MAPK regulation. These lines of evidence provide new details for tailoring a βAR-dependent brown adipocyte activation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Hattori
- The Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (KH); (HI)
| | - Hiroaki Wakatsuki
- The Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sakauchi
- The Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shotaro Furutani
- The Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Sugawara
- The Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Hatta
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery (molprof), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Natsume
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery (molprof), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ichijo
- The Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (KH); (HI)
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208
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Proteomics analysis of Cyclobalanopsis gilva provides new insights of low seed germination. Biochimie 2020; 180:68-78. [PMID: 33250447 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A valuable plant, Cyclobalanopsis gilva, (C. gilva) has a low germination rate (below 50%) under its natural habitations. In order to examine the reasons for the low germination rate, the seeds of C. gilva (germinated and non-germinated) were evaluated using comparative proteomics analysis. A total of 3078 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were identified through a label-free method; most DAPs up-accumulated in germinated seeds were related to carbohydrates metabolism. Furthermore the proteins related to the signals, stress, and protein metabolism showed up-accumulation in germinated and no abundance or down-accumulation in non-germinated seeds. Enzyme activity of HK, PGK, PFK, and PK from glycolysis in SG-Control samples were 1.7-, 1.1-, 1.4-, and 1.3-times higher compared with those in control ones while CS, NAD-MDH, α-KGDH, and ICDH from the TCA cycle in SG-Control samples were 3, 1.1, 1.2, and 1.2 times higher than those in NG-Control ones. The β-amylase activity was 4-fold higher in successfully germinated seeds compared to non-germinated seeds. Interestingly, α-amylase did not show significant changes in protein abundance and enzyme activity among the three samples. The present findings reveal that unsuccessful germination of C. gilva seeds is due to lack of energy.
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209
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Song Y, Xie L, Lee Y, Tollefsen KE. De Novo Development of a Quantitative Adverse Outcome Pathway (qAOP) Network for Ultraviolet B (UVB) Radiation Using Targeted Laboratory Tests and Automated Data Mining. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:13147-13156. [PMID: 32924456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is a natural nonchemical stressor posing potential hazards to organisms such as planktonic crustaceans. The present study was conducted to revisit the lethal effects of UVB on crustaceans, generate new experimental evidence to fill in knowledge gaps, and develop novel quantitative adverse outcome pathways (qAOPs) for UVB. A combination of laboratory and computational approaches was deployed to achieve the goals. For targeted laboratory tests, Daphnia magna was used as a prototype and exposed to a gradient of artificial UVB. Targeted bioassays were used to quantify the effects of UVB at multiple levels of biological organization. A toxicity pathway network was assembled based on the new experimental evidence and previously published data extracted using a novel computational tool, the NIVA Risk Assessment Database (NIVA RAdb). A network of AOPs was developed, and weight of evidence was assessed based on a combination of the current and existing data. In addition, quantitative key event relationships in the AOPs were developed by fitting the D. magna data to predefined models. A complete workflow for assembly and evaluation of qAOPs has been presented, which may serve as a good example for future de novo qAOP development for chemical and nonchemical stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Song
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo Norway
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Li Xie
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo Norway
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - YeonKyeong Lee
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
- Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo Norway
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
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210
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Basit A, Wang J, Guo F, Niu W, Jiang W. Improved methods for mass production of magnetosomes and applications: a review. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:197. [PMID: 33081818 PMCID: PMC7576704 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01455-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria have the unique ability to synthesize magnetosomes (nano-sized magnetite or greigite crystals arranged in chain-like structures) in a variety of shapes and sizes. The chain alignment of magnetosomes enables magnetotactic bacteria to sense and orient themselves along geomagnetic fields. There is steadily increasing demand for magnetosomes in the areas of biotechnology, biomedicine, and environmental protection. Practical difficulties in cultivating magnetotactic bacteria and achieving consistent, high-yield magnetosome production under artificial environmental conditions have presented an obstacle to successful development of magnetosome applications in commercial areas. Here, we review information on magnetosome biosynthesis and strategies for enhancement of bacterial cell growth and magnetosome formation, and implications for improvement of magnetosome yield on a laboratory scale and mass-production (commercial or industrial) scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Basit
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, 56130 Pakistan
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Fangfang Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, BJ People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Wei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
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211
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Manfredini F, Straudi S, Lamberti N, Patergnani S, Tisato V, Secchiero P, Bernardi F, Ziliotto N, Marchetti G, Basaglia N, Bonora M, Pinton P. Rehabilitation Improves Mitochondrial Energetics in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: The Significant Role of Robot-Assisted Gait Training and of the Personalized Intensity. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10100834. [PMID: 33080806 PMCID: PMC7602995 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10100834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal levels of pyruvate and lactate were reported in multiple sclerosis (MS). We studied the response of markers of mitochondrial function to rehabilitation in relation to type, intensity and endurance performance in severely disabled MS patients. Forty-six progressive MS patients were randomized to receive 12 walking sessions of robot-assisted gait training (RAGT, n = 23) or conventional overground therapy (CT, n = 23). Ten healthy subjects were also studied. Blood samples were collected to determine lactate, pyruvate, and glutathione levels and lactate/pyruvate ratio pre–post rehabilitation. In vivo muscle metabolism and endurance walking capacity were assessed by resting muscle oxygen consumption (rmVO2) using near-infrared spectroscopy and by six-minute walking distance (6MWD), respectively. The levels of mitochondrial biomarkers and rmVO2, altered at baseline with respect to healthy subjects, improved after rehabilitation in the whole population. In the two groups, an enhanced response was observed after RAGT compared to CT for lactate (p = 0.012), glutathione (<0.001), lactate/pyruvate ratio (p = 0.08) and rmVO2 (p = 0.07). Metabolic biomarkers and 6MWD improvements were exclusively correlated with a training speed markedly below individual gait speed. In severely disabled MS patients, rehabilitation rebalanced altered serum metabolic and muscle parameters, with RAGT being more effective than CT. A determinable slow training speed was associated with better metabolic and functional recovery. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02421731.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Manfredini
- Department of Neuroscience and rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.M.); (G.M.)
- Department of Neuroscience/Rehabilitation, Unit of Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (S.S.); (N.B.)
| | - Sofia Straudi
- Department of Neuroscience/Rehabilitation, Unit of Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (S.S.); (N.B.)
| | - Nicola Lamberti
- Department of Neuroscience and rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.M.); (G.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0532-236187
| | - Simone Patergnani
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.P.); (M.B.); (P.P.)
| | - Veronica Tisato
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (V.T.); (P.S.)
| | - Paola Secchiero
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (V.T.); (P.S.)
| | - Francesco Bernardi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Nicole Ziliotto
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Marchetti
- Department of Neuroscience and rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Nino Basaglia
- Department of Neuroscience/Rehabilitation, Unit of Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (S.S.); (N.B.)
| | - Massimo Bonora
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.P.); (M.B.); (P.P.)
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.P.); (M.B.); (P.P.)
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212
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Rezahosseini O, Møller DL, Knudsen AD, Sørensen SS, Perch M, Gustafsson F, Rasmussen A, Ostrowski SR, Nielsen SD. Use of T Cell Mediated Immune Functional Assays for Adjustment of Immunosuppressive or Anti-infective Agents in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review. Front Immunol 2020; 11:567715. [PMID: 33178194 PMCID: PMC7593245 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.567715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Defining the optimal dosage of the immunosuppressive or duration of anti-infective agents is a challenge in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. We aimed to systematically review the literature regarding the use of T cell mediated immune functional assays (IFAs) for adjustment of the immunosuppressive or anti-infective agents in SOT recipients. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science (WOS), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and ClinicalTrials.gov to find human interventional studies or study protocols that used either in-house or commercially available IFAs for adjustment of the immunosuppressive or anti-infective agents in SOT recipients. Results: We included six clinical trials and six study protocols. Four out of the six clinical trials used interferon-γ release assays for cytomegalovirus (IGRA-CMV), and five out of the six registered study protocols planned to use IGRA-CMV for adjustment of anti-CMV antiviral (Valganciclovir) prophylaxis or preemptive therapy in SOT recipients. Primary or secondary anti-CMV prophylaxes were discontinued in SOT recipients who had positive IGRA-CMV results without an increase in the rate of CMV infection or reactivation. Among other IFAs, one clinical trial used interferon-γ release assays for tuberculosis (IGRA-TB), and one study used ImmuKnow for adjustment of the duration and dosage of isoniazid and tacrolimus, respectively. Conclusion: Our systematic review supports a promising role for the IGRA-CMVs for adjustment of the duration of anti-CMV antiviral prophylaxis in SOT recipients. There are limited data to support the use of IFAs other than IGRA-CMVs for adjustment of immunosuppressive or anti-infective agents. Further multicenter randomized clinical trials using IFAs other than IGRA-CMVs may help in personalized immunosuppressive or prophylactic anti-infective therapy in SOT recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Rezahosseini
- Viro-Immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases 8632, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dina Leth Møller
- Viro-Immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases 8632, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Dehlbæk Knudsen
- Viro-Immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases 8632, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Schwartz Sørensen
- Department of Nephrology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Perch
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, Section for Lung Transplantation, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Finn Gustafsson
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Rasmussen
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sisse Rye Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Dam Nielsen
- Viro-Immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases 8632, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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213
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Yang J, Dong D, Peng G, Sun Q, Yang C, Gao Y, Ji H, Dong W. Melatonin regulates ATP content and fertilising capacity of Onychostoma macrolepis spermatozoa by inhibiting ROS accumulation during semen storage in vitro. Reprod Fertil Dev 2020; 32:1212-1222. [PMID: 33019961 DOI: 10.1071/rd20153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MLT) is an efficient antioxidant that protects spermatozoa against damages caused by oxidative stress. In this study, to maintain good function of Onychostoma macrolepis spermatozoa during semen preservation invitro at 4°C, different concentrations of MLT (0.5, 1 and 2μM) were added to the semen. After storage (0, 24, 48 and 72h), 1μM MLT in semen markedly improved sperm quality, as reflected by better plasma membrane integrity, the relative steady level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and slower rate of decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. Activated spermatozoa in semen with 1μM MLT had higher kinematic performance (i.e. percentage of motile and progressive spermatozoa and the beat cross frequency; P<0.05) and longer duration of sperm motility (P<0.05) compared with spermatozoa in semen withother MLT concentrations. Furthermore, 1μM MLT maintained higher ATP concentrations in spermatozoa during semen storage and significantly improved the fertilising capacity of spermatozoa after 72h semen storage compared with the other MLT concentrations. To expand wild resources of O. macrolepis, 1μM MLT can be used as a semen additive to maintain better sperm function and enhance sperm fertilising capacity in artificial insemination (AI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmeng Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Daqian Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Guofan Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qingfang Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chenhao Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yao Gao
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA
| | - Hong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wuzi Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; and Corresponding author.
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214
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Jakstys B, Jakutaviciute M, Uzdavinyte D, Satkauskiene I, Satkauskas S. Correlation between the loss of intracellular molecules and cell viability after cell electroporation. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 135:107550. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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215
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Landowski M, Grindel S, Shahi PK, Johnson A, Western D, Race A, Shi F, Benson J, Gao M, Santoirre E, Lee WH, Ikeda S, Pattnaik BR, Ikeda A. Modulation of Tmem135 Leads to Retinal Pigmented Epithelium Pathologies in Mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:16. [PMID: 33064130 PMCID: PMC7581492 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.12.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Aging is a critical risk factor for the development of retinal diseases, but how aging perturbs ocular homeostasis and contributes to disease is unknown. We identified transmembrane protein 135 (Tmem135) as a gene important for regulating retinal aging and mitochondrial dynamics in mice. Overexpression of Tmem135 causes mitochondrial fragmentation and pathologies in the hearts of mice. In this study, we examine the eyes of mice overexpressing wild-type Tmem135 (Tmem135 TG) and compare their phenotype to Tmem135 mutant mice. Methods Eyes were collected for histology, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, quantitative PCR, and Western blot analysis. Before tissue collection, electroretinography (ERG) was performed to assess visual function. Mouse retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) cultures were established to visualize mitochondria. Results Pathologies were observed only in the RPE of Tmem135 TG mice, including degeneration, migratory cells, vacuolization, dysmorphogenesis, cell enlargement, and basal laminar deposit formation despite similar augmented levels of Tmem135 in the eyecup (RPE/choroid/sclera) and neural retina. We observed reduced mitochondria number and size in the Tmem135 TG RPE. ERG amplitudes were decreased in 365-day-old mice overexpressing Tmem135 that correlated with reduced expression of RPE cell markers. In Tmem135 mutant mice, RPE cells are thicker, smaller, and denser than their littermate controls without any signs of degeneration. Conclusions Overexpression and mutation of Tmem135 cause contrasting RPE abnormalities in mice that correlate with changes in mitochondrial shape and size (overfragmented in TG vs. overfused in mutant). We conclude proper regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis by TMEM135 is critical for RPE health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Landowski
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Samuel Grindel
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Pawan K. Shahi
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Abigail Johnson
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Daniel Western
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Adrienne Race
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Franky Shi
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Jonathan Benson
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Marvin Gao
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Evelyn Santoirre
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Wei-Hua Lee
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Sakae Ikeda
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Bikash R. Pattnaik
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Akihiro Ikeda
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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216
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Carneiro Dutra HL, Deehan MA, Frydman H. Wolbachia and Sirtuin-4 interaction is associated with alterations in host glucose metabolism and bacterial titer. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008996. [PMID: 33048997 PMCID: PMC7584242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Wolbachia is an intracellular bacterial symbiont of arthropods notorious for inducing many reproductive manipulations that foster its dissemination. Wolbachia affects many aspects of host biology, including metabolism, longevity and physiology, being described as a nutrient provisioning or metabolic parasite, depending on the host-microbe association. Sirtuins (SIRTs) are a family of NAD+-dependent post-translational regulatory enzymes known to affect many of the same processes altered by Wolbachia, including aging and metabolism, among others. Despite a clear overlap in control of host-derived pathways and physiology, no work has demonstrated a link between these two regulators. We used genetically tractable Drosophila melanogaster to explore the role of sirtuins in shaping signaling pathways in the context of a host-symbiont model. By using transcriptional profiling and metabolic assays in the context of genetic knockouts/over-expressions, we examined the effect of several Wolbachia strains on host sirtuin expression across distinct tissues and timepoints. We also quantified the downstream effects of the sirtuin x Wolbachia interaction on host glucose metabolism, and in turn, how it impacted Wolbachia titer. Our results indicate that the presence of Wolbachia is associated with (1) reduced sirt-4 expression in a strain-specific manner, and (2) alterations in host glutamate dehydrogenase expression and ATP levels, key components of glucose metabolism. We detected high glucose levels in Wolbachia-infected flies, which further increased when sirt-4 was over-expressed. However, under sirt-4 knockout, flies displayed a hypoglycemic state not rescued to normal levels in the presence of Wolbachia. Finally, whole body sirt-4 over-expression resulted in reduced Wolbachia ovarian titer. Our results expand knowledge of Wolbachia-host associations in the context of a yet unexplored class of host post-translational regulatory enzymes with implications for conserved host signaling pathways and bacterial titer, factors known to impact host biology and the symbiont's ability to spread through populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Anthony Deehan
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Horacio Frydman
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- National Emerging Infectious Disease Laboratory, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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217
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Patergnani S, Vitto VAM, Pinton P, Rimessi A. Mitochondrial Stress Responses and "Mito-Inflammation" in Cystic Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:581114. [PMID: 33101035 PMCID: PMC7554583 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.581114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease associated to mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene, which results in the alteration of biological fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. The characteristic pathological manifestation is represented by exaggerated proinflammatory response in lung of CF patients, driven by recurrent infections and worsen by hypersecretion of proinflammatory mediators and progressive tissue destruction. Treating inflammation remains a priority in CF. However, current anti-inflammatory treatments, including non-steroidal agents, are poorly effective and present dramatic side effects in CF patients. Different studies suggest an intimate relationship between mitochondria and CF lung disease, supporting the hypothesis that a decline in mitochondrial function endorses the development of the hyperinflammatory phenotype observed in CF lung. This allowed the implementation of a new concept: the "mito-inflammation," a compartmentalization of inflammatory process, related to the role of mitochondria in engage and sustain the inflammatory responses, resulting a druggable target to counteract the amplification of inflammatory signals in CF. Here, we will offer an overview of the contribution of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of CF lung disease, delving into mitochondrial quality control responses, which concur significantly to exacerbation of CF lung inflammatory responses. Finally, we will discuss the new therapeutic avenues that aim to target the mito-inflammation, an alternative therapeutic advantage for mitochondrial quality control that improves CF patient's inflammatory state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Patergnani
- Department of Medical Sciences and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Veronica A M Vitto
- Department of Medical Sciences and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Center of Research for Innovative Therapies in Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rimessi
- Department of Medical Sciences and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Center of Research for Innovative Therapies in Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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218
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Louer EMM, Yi G, Carmone C, Robben J, Stunnenberg HG, den Hollander AI, Deen PMT. Genes Involved in Energy Metabolism Are Differentially Expressed During the Day-Night Cycle in Murine Retinal Pigment Epithelium. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:49. [PMID: 32460311 PMCID: PMC7405837 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.5.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The functional interaction between photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells is essential for vision. Phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments (POSs) by the RPE follows a circadian pattern; however, it remains unknown whether other RPE processes follow a daily rhythm. Therefore, our aim was to identify RPE processes following a daily rhythm. Methods Murine RPE was isolated at Zeitgeber time (ZT) 0, 2, 4, 9, 14, and 19 (n = 5 per time point), after which RNA was isolated and sequenced. Genes with a significant difference in expression between time points (P < 0.05) were subjected to EnrichR pathway analysis to identify daily rhythmic processes. Results Pathway enrichment revealed 13 significantly enriched KEGG pathways (P < 0.01), including the metabolic pathway (P = 0.002821). Analysis of the metabolic pathway differentially expressed genes revealed that genes involved in adenosine triphosphate production, glycolysis, glycogenolysis, and glycerophospholipid were low at ZT0 (light onset) and high at ZT19 (night). Genes involved in fatty acid degradation and cholesterol synthesis were high at light onset and low at night. Conclusions Our transcriptome data suggest that the highest energy demand of RPE cells is at night, whereas POS phagocytosis and degradation take place in the morning. Furthermore, we identified genes involved in fatty acid and glycerophospholipid synthesis that are upregulated at night, possibly playing a role in generating building blocks for membrane synthesis.
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219
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NHERF1 Loss Upregulates Enzymes of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway in Kidney Cortex. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090862. [PMID: 32937931 PMCID: PMC7554817 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: We previously showed Na/H exchange regulatory factor 1 (NHERF1) loss resulted in increased susceptibility to cisplatin nephrotoxicity. NHERF1-deficient cultured proximal tubule cells and proximal tubules from NHERF1 knockout (KO) mice exhibit altered mitochondrial protein expression and poor survival. We hypothesized that NHERF1 loss results in changes in metabolic pathways and/or mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to increased sensitivity to cisplatin nephrotoxicity. (2) Methods: Two to 4-month-old male wildtype (WT) and KO mice were treated with vehicle or cisplatin (20 mg/kg dose IP). After 72 h, kidney cortex homogenates were utilized for metabolic enzyme activities. Non-treated kidneys were used to isolate mitochondria for mitochondrial respiration via the Seahorse XF24 analyzer. Non-treated kidneys were also used for LC-MS analysis to evaluate kidney ATP abundance, and electron microscopy (EM) was utilized to evaluate mitochondrial morphology and number. (3) Results: KO mouse kidneys exhibit significant increases in malic enzyme and glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase activity under baseline conditions but in no other gluconeogenic or glycolytic enzymes. NHERF1 loss does not decrease kidney ATP content. Mitochondrial morphology, number, and area appeared normal. Isolated mitochondria function was similar between WT and KO. Conclusions: KO kidneys experience a shift in metabolism to the pentose phosphate pathway, which may sensitize them to the oxidative stress imposed by cisplatin.
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220
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Bowen C, Childers G, Perry C, Martin N, McPherson CA, Lauten T, Santos J, Harry GJ. Mitochondrial-related effects of pentabromophenol, tetrabromobisphenol A, and triphenyl phosphate on murine BV-2 microglia cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 255:126919. [PMID: 32402876 PMCID: PMC8439439 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The predominant reliance on bromated flame retardants (BFRs) is diminishing with expanded use of alternative organophosphate flame retardants. However, exposure related issues for susceptible populations, the developing, infirmed, or aged, remain given environmental persistence and home-environment detection. In this regard, reports of flame retardant (FR)-related effects on the innate immune system suggest process by which a spectrum of adverse health effects could manifest across the life-span. As representative of the nervous system innate immune system, the current study examined changes in microglia following exposure to representative FRs, pentabromophenol (PBP), tetrabromobisphenol A (2,2',6,6',-tetrabromo-4,4'-isopropylidine diphenol; TBBPA) and triphenyl phosphate (TPP). Following 18hr exposure of murine BV-2 cells, at dose levels resulting in ≥80% viability (10 and 40 μM), limited alterations in pro-inflammatory responses were observed however, changes were observed in mitochondrial respiration. Basal respiration was altered by PBP; ATP-linked respiration by PBP and TBBPA, and maximum respiration by all three FRs. Basal glycolytic rate was altered by PBP and TBBPA and compensatory glycolysis by all three. Phagocytosis was decreased for PBP and TBBPA. NLRP3 inflammasome activation was assessed using BV-2-ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD) reporter cells to visualize aggregate formation. PBP, showed a direct stimulation of aggregate formation and properties as a NLRP3 inflammasome secondary trigger. TBBPA showed indications of possible secondary triggering activity while no changes were seen with TPP. Thus, the data suggests an effect of all three FRs on mitochondria metabolism yet, different functional outcomes including, phagocytic capability and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Negin Martin
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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221
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Missiroli S, Perrone M, Genovese I, Pinton P, Giorgi C. Cancer metabolism and mitochondria: Finding novel mechanisms to fight tumours. EBioMedicine 2020; 59:102943. [PMID: 32818805 PMCID: PMC7452656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that have essential metabolic activity and are regarded as signalling hubs with biosynthetic, bioenergetics and signalling functions that orchestrate key biological pathways. However, mitochondria can influence all processes linked to oncogenesis, starting from malignant transformation to metastatic dissemination. In this review, we describe how alterations in the mitochondrial metabolic status contribute to the acquisition of typical malignant traits, discussing the most recent discoveries and the many unanswered questions. We also highlight that expanding our understanding of mitochondrial regulation and function mechanisms in the context of cancer cell metabolism could be an important task in biomedical research, thus offering the possibility of targeting mitochondria for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Missiroli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mariasole Perrone
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ilaria Genovese
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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222
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Bettadapur A, Ralston KS. Direct and high-throughput assays for human cell killing through trogocytosis by Entamoeba histolytica. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2020; 239:111301. [PMID: 32687867 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2020.111301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica is the causative agent of amoebiasis. Pathogenesis is associated with profound damage to human tissues. We previously showed that amoebae kill human cells through trogocytosis. Trogocytosis is likely to underlie tissue damage during infection, although the mechanism is still unknown. Trogocytosis is difficult to assay quantitatively, which makes it difficult to study. Here, we developed two new, complementary assays to measure trogocytosis by quantifying human cell death. One assay uses CellTiterGlo, a luminescent readout for ATP, as a proxy for cell death. We found that the CellTiterGlo could be used to detect death of human cells after co-incubation with amoebae, and that it was sensitive to inhibition of actin or the amoeba surface Gal/GalNAc lectin, two conditions that are known to inhibit amoebic trogocytosis. The other assay uses two fluorescent nuclear stains to directly differentiate live and dead human cells by microscopy, and is also sensitive to inhibition of amoebic trogocytosis through interference with actin. Both assays are simple and inexpensive, can be used with suspension and adherent human cell types, and are amenable to high-throughput approaches. These new assays are tools to improve understanding of trogocytosis and amoebiasis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhila Bettadapur
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Katherine S Ralston
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, USA.
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223
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Gandhi M, Rajagopal D, Senthil Kumar A. Facile Electrochemical Demethylation of 2-Methoxyphenol to Surface-Confined Catechol on the MWCNT and Its Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrazine Oxidation and Sensing Applications. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:16208-16219. [PMID: 32656443 PMCID: PMC7346242 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Owing to its biological significance, preparation of stable surface-confined catechol (CA) is a long-standing interest in electrochemistry and surface chemistry. In this connection, various chemical approaches such as covalent immobilization (using amine- and carboxylate-functionalized CA, diazotization-based coupling, and Michael addition reaction), self-assembled monolayer on gold (thiol-functionalized CA is assembled on the gold surface), CA adsorption on the ad-layer of a defect-free single-crystal Pt surface, π-π bonding, CA pendant metal complexes, and CA-functionalized polymer-modified electrodes have been reported in the literature. In general, these conventional methods are involved with a series of time-consuming synthetic procedures. Indeed, the preparation of a surface-fouling-free surface-confined system is a challenging task. Herein, we introduce a new and facile approach based on electrochemical demethylation of 2-methoxyphenol as a precursor on the graphitic surface (MWCNT) at a bias potential, 0.5 V vs Ag/AgCl in neutral pH solution. Such an electrochemical performance resulted in the development of a stable and well-defined redox peak at E o' = 0.15 (A2/C2) V vs Ag/AgCl within 10 min of preparation time in pH 7 phosphate buffer solution. Calculated surface excess (16.65 × 10-9 mol cm-2) is about 10-1000 times higher than the values reported with other preparation methods. The product (catechol) formed on the modified electrode was confirmed by collective electrochemical and physicochemical characterizations such as potential segment analysis, TEM, Raman, IR, UV-vis, GC-MS, and NMR spectroscopic techniques, and thin-layer chromatographic studies. The electrocatalytic efficiency of the surface-confined CA system was demonstrated by studying hydrazine oxidation and sensing reactions in a neutral pH solution. This new system is found to be tolerant to various interfering biochemicals such as uric acid, xanthine, hypoxanthine, glucose, nitrate, hydrogen peroxide, ascorbic acid, Cu2+, and Fe2+. Since the approach is simple, rapid, and reproducible, a variety of surface-confined CA systems can be prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Gandhi
- Nano
and Bioelectrochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry,
School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute
of Technology University, Vellore 632014, India
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology University, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Desikan Rajagopal
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology University, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Annamalai Senthil Kumar
- Nano
and Bioelectrochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry,
School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute
of Technology University, Vellore 632014, India
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology University, Vellore 632014, India
- Carbon
Dioxide Research and Green Technology Centre, Vellore Institute of Technology University, Vellore Tamil Nadu 632014, India
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224
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Harry GJ, Childers G, Giridharan S, Hernandes IL. An association between mitochondria and microglia effector function. What do we think we know? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 7:150-165. [PMID: 32934971 DOI: 10.20517/2347-8659.2020.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
While resident innate immune cells of the central nervous system, the microglia, represent a cell population unique in origin, microenvironment, and longevity, they assume many properties displayed by peripheral macrophages. One prominent shared property is the ability to undergo a metabolic switch towards glycolysis and away from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) upon activation by the pro-inflammatory stimuli lipopolysaccharide. This shift serves to meet specific cellular demands and allows for cell survival, similar to the Warburg effect demonstrated in cancer cells. In contrast, normal survelliance phenotype or stimulation to a non-proinflammatory phenotype relies primarily on OXPHOS and fatty acid oxidation. Thus, mitochondria appear to function as a pivotal signaling platform linking energy metabolism and macrophage polarization upon activation. These unique shifts in cell bioenergetics in response to different stimuli are essential for proper effector responses at sites of infection, inflammation, or injury. Here we present a summary of recent developments as to how these dynamics characterized in peripheral macrophages are displayed in microglia. The new insights provided by an increased understanding of metabolic reprogramming in macrophages may allow for translation to the CNS and a better understanding of microglia heterogeneity, regulation, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Jean Harry
- National Toxicology Program Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA
| | - Gabrielle Childers
- National Toxicology Program Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA.,Current affiliation: Gabrielle Childers, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL
| | - Sahana Giridharan
- National Toxicology Program Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA.,Giridharan, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Irisyunuel Lopez Hernandes
- National Toxicology Program Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA
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225
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Zhai C, Djimsa BA, Prenni JE, Woerner DR, Belk KE, Nair MN. Tandem mass tag labeling to characterize muscle-specific proteome changes in beef during early postmortem period. J Proteomics 2020; 222:103794. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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226
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Shang Y, Wang X, Chen Z, Lyu Z, Lin Z, Zheng J, Wu Y, Deng Q, Yu Z, Zhang Y, Qu D. Staphylococcus aureus PhoU Homologs Regulate Persister Formation and Virulence. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:865. [PMID: 32670206 PMCID: PMC7326077 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PhoU homologs are one of the determinant factors in the regulation of persister formation and phosphate metabolism in many bacterial species; however, the functions of PhoU homologs exhibit species-specific characteristics. The pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus is closely correlated with persister formation and virulence factors. The functions of two PhoU homologs, PhoU1 and PhoU2, in S. aureus are unclear yet. In this study, single- and double-deletion mutants of phoU1 and phoU2 were generated in strain USA500 2395. The ΔphoU1 or ΔphoU2 mutants displayed a change in persister formation and virulence compared to the parent strain; the persisters to vancomycin and levofloxacin were decreased at least 1,000-fold, and the number of intracellular bacteria surviving in the A549 cells for 24 h decreased to 82 or 85%. The α-hemolysin expression and activity were increased in the ΔphoU2 mutants. Transcriptome analysis revealed that 573 or 285 genes were differentially expressed by at least 2.0-fold in the ΔphoU1 or ΔphoU2 mutant vs. the wild type. Genes involved in carbon and pyruvate metabolism were up-regulated, and virulence genes and virulence regulatory genes were down-regulated, including type VII secretion system, serine protease, leukocidin, global regulator (sarA, rot), and the two-component signal transduction system (saeS). Correspondingly, the deletion of the phoU1 or phoU2 resulted in increased levels of intracellular pyruvate and ATP. Deletion of the phoU2, but not the phoU1, resulted in the up-regulation of inorganic phosphate transport genes and increased levels of intracellular inorganic polyphosphate. In conclusion, both PhoU1 and PhoU2 in S. aureus regulate virulence by the down-regulation of multiple virulence factors (type VII secretion system, serine protease, and leucocidin) and the persister generation by hyperactive carbon metabolism accompanied by increasing intracellular ATP. The results in S. aureus are different from what we have previously found in Staphylococcus epidermis, where only PhoU2 regulates biofilm and persister formation. The different functions of PhoU homologs between the two species of Staphylococcus warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongpeng Shang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE and MOH, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE and MOH, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE and MOH, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihui Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE and MOH, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab for Endogenous Infection, Union Shenzhen Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinxin Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab for Endogenous Infection, Union Shenzhen Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE and MOH, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiwen Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab for Endogenous Infection, Union Shenzhen Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhijian Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab for Endogenous Infection, Union Shenzhen Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Di Qu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE and MOH, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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227
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Skytte MJ, Samkani A, Astrup A, Larsen TM, Frystyk J, Poulsen HE, Henriksen T, Holst JJ, Andersen O, Madsbad S, Haugaard SB, Krarup T, Larsen EL. Effects of a highly controlled carbohydrate-reduced high-protein diet on markers of oxidatively generated nucleic acid modifications and inflammation in weight stable participants with type 2 diabetes; a randomized controlled trial. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2020; 80:401-407. [PMID: 32374188 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2020.1759137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-restricted diets are increasingly recognized as options for dietary management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We investigated the effects of a carbohydrate-reduced high-protein (CRHP) and a conventional diabetes (CD) diet on oxidative stress and inflammation in weight stable individuals with T2DM. We hypothesized that the CRHP diet would improve markers of oxidatively generated RNA and DNA modifications as well as inflammatory parameters. Thirty participants with T2DM were randomized to 6 weeks of CRHP or CD dietary treatment (30/50 energy percentage (E%) carbohydrate, 30/17E% protein, 40/33E% fat), followed by a cross-over to the opposite diet for a subsequent 6-week period. All meals were provided during the study and body weight was controlled. Diurnal urine samples were collected after 4 weeks on each diet and oxidatively generated RNA and DNA modifications were measured as 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine (8-oxoGuo) and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), respectively. Fasting concentrations of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 were measured before and after 6 weeks of interventions. Compared with the CD diet, the CRHP diet increased 24-hour urinary excretion of 8-oxoGuo by 9.3% (38.6 ± 12.6 vs. 35.3 ± 11.0 nmol/24 h, p = .03), whereas 8-oxodG did not differ between diets (24.0 ± 9.5 vs. 24.8 ± 11.1 nmol/24 h, p = .17). Changes in plasma inflammatory parameters did not differ between CRHP and CD diets, all p ≥ .2. The clinical implications of increased RNA oxidation following a CRHP diet as well as long-term effects of carbohydrate-restriction on markers of oxidatively generated nucleic acid modifications should be a field of future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Juul Skytte
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amirsalar Samkani
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arne Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Meinert Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Frystyk
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik Enghusen Poulsen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trine Henriksen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Juul Holst
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ove Andersen
- Clinical Research Centre and the Emergency Department, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Sten Madsbad
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Steen Bendix Haugaard
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thure Krarup
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emil List Larsen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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228
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Rimessi A, Pozzato C, Carparelli L, Rossi A, Ranucci S, De Fino I, Cigana C, Talarico A, Wieckowski MR, Ribeiro CMP, Trapella C, Rossi G, Cabrini G, Bragonzi A, Pinton P. Pharmacological modulation of mitochondrial calcium uniporter controls lung inflammation in cystic fibrosis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaax9093. [PMID: 32494695 PMCID: PMC7202873 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax9093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria physically associate with the endoplasmic reticulum to coordinate interorganelle calcium transfer and regulate fundamental cellular processes, including inflammation. Deregulated endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria cross-talk can occur in cystic fibrosis, contributing to hyperinflammation and disease progression. We demonstrate that Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection increases endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria associations in cystic fibrosis bronchial cells by stabilizing VAPB-PTPIP51 (vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein B-protein tyrosine phosphatase interacting protein 51) tethers, affecting autophagy. Impaired autophagy induced mitochondrial unfolding protein response and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, contributing to hyperinflammation. The mechanism by which VAPB-PTPIP51 tethers regulate autophagy in cystic fibrosis involves calcium transfer via mitochondrial calcium uniporter. Mitochondrial calcium uniporter inhibition rectified autophagy and alleviated the inflammatory response in vitro and in vivo, resulting in a valid therapeutic strategy for cystic fibrosis pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rimessi
- Department of Medical Sciences and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Center of research on Innovative Therapies for Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Pozzato
- Department of Medical Sciences and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Carparelli
- Department of Medical Sciences and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alice Rossi
- Infections and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Serena Ranucci
- Infections and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Ida De Fino
- Infections and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Cigana
- Infections and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Talarico
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mariusz R. Wieckowski
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Carla M. P. Ribeiro
- Department of Medicine/Pulmonary Division, Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7248, USA
| | - Claudio Trapella
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Macerata, Italy
| | - Giulio Cabrini
- Center of research on Innovative Therapies for Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bragonzi
- Infections and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Center of research on Innovative Therapies for Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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229
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Igwebuike C, Yaglom J, Huiting L, Feng H, Campbell JD, Wang Z, Havasi A, Pimentel D, Sherman MY, Borkan SC. Cross organelle stress response disruption promotes gentamicin-induced proteotoxicity. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:217. [PMID: 32245975 PMCID: PMC7125232 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2382-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gentamicin is a nephrotoxic antibiotic that causes acute kidney injury (AKI) primarily by targeting the proximal tubule epithelial cell. The development of an effective therapy for gentamicin-induced renal cell injury is limited by incomplete mechanistic insight. To address this challenge, we propose that RNAi signal pathway screening could identify a unifying mechanism of gentamicin-induced cell injury and suggest a therapeutic strategy to ameliorate it. Computational analysis of RNAi signal screens in gentamicin-exposed human proximal tubule cells suggested the cross-organelle stress response (CORE), the unfolded protein response (UPR), and cell chaperones as key targets of gentamicin-induced injury. To test this hypothesis, we assessed the effect of gentamicin on the CORE, UPR, and cell chaperone function, and tested the therapeutic efficacy of enhancing cell chaperone content. Early gentamicin exposure disrupted the CORE, evidenced by a rise in the ATP:ADP ratio, mitochondrial-specific H2O2 accumulation, Drp-1-mediated mitochondrial fragmentation, and endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial dissociation. CORE disruption preceded measurable increases in whole-cell oxidative stress, misfolded protein content, transcriptional UPR activation, and its untoward downstream effects: CHOP expression, PARP cleavage, and cell death. Geranylgeranylacetone, a therapeutic that increases cell chaperone content, prevented mitochondrial H2O2 accumulation, preserved the CORE, reduced the burden of misfolded proteins and CHOP expression, and significantly improved survival in gentamicin-exposed cells. We identify CORE disruption as an early and remediable cause of gentamicin proteotoxicity that precedes downstream UPR activation and cell death. Preserving the CORE significantly improves renal cell survival likely by reducing organelle-specific proteotoxicity during gentamicin exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Yaglom
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Boston, MA, USA
- Ariel University, Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel, West Bank, Israel
| | - Leah Huiting
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hui Feng
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua D Campbell
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Computational Biomedicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Boston Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Renal Section, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Havasi
- Boston Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Renal Section, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Pimentel
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Y Sherman
- Ariel University, Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel, West Bank, Israel
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven C Borkan
- Boston Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Renal Section, Boston, MA, USA.
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230
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Zhou W, Hankinson CP, Deiters A. Optical Control of Cellular ATP Levels with a Photocaged Adenylate Kinase. Chembiochem 2020; 21:1832-1836. [PMID: 32187807 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a new tool for the optical control of cellular ATP concentrations with a photocaged adenylate kinase (Adk). The photocaged Adk is generated by substituting a catalytically essential lysine with a hydroxycoumarin-protected lysine through site-specific unnatural amino acid mutagenesis in both E. coli and mammalian cells. Caging of the critical lysine residue offers complete suppression of Adk's phosphotransferase activity and rapid restoration of its function both in vitro and in vivo upon optical stimulation. Light-activated Adk renders faster rescue of cell growth than chemically inducible expression of wild-type Adk in E. coli as well as rapid ATP depletion in mammalian cells. Thus, caging Adk provides a new tool for direct conditional perturbation of cellular ATP concentrations thereby enabling the investigation of ATP-coupled physiological events in temporally dynamic contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, USA
| | - Chasity P Hankinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, USA
| | - Alexander Deiters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, USA
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231
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Rathod R, Gajera B, Nazir K, Wallenius J, Velagapudi V. Simultaneous Measurement of Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Intermediates in Different Biological Matrices Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Quantitation and Comparison of TCA Cycle Intermediates in Human Serum, Plasma, Kasumi-1 Cell and Murine Liver Tissue. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10030103. [PMID: 32178322 PMCID: PMC7143453 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10030103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is a central part of carbon and energy metabolism, also connecting to glycolysis, amino acid, and lipid metabolism. The quantitation of the TCA cycle intermediate within one method is lucrative due to the interest in central carbon metabolism profiling in cells and tissues. In addition, TCA cycle intermediates in serum have been discovered to correspond as biomarkers to various underlying pathological conditions. In this work, an Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry-based quantification method is developed and validated, which takes advantage of fast, specific, sensitive, and cost-efficient precipitation extraction. Chromatographic separation is achieved while using Atlantis dC18 2.1 mm × 100 mm, particle size 3-μm of Waters column with a gradient elution mobile phase while using formic acid in water (0.1% v/v) and acetonitrile. Linearity was clearly seen over a calibration range of: 6.25 to 6400 ng/mL (r2 > 0.980) for malic acid; 11.72 to 12,000 ng/mL (r2 > 0.980) for cis-aconitic acid and L-aspartic acid; 29.30 to 30,000 ng/mL (r2 > 0.980) for isocitric acid, l-serine, and l-glutamic acid; 122.07 to 125,000 ng/mL (r2 > 0.980) for citric acid, glycine, oxo-glutaric acid, l-alanine, and l-glutamine; 527.34 to 540,000 ng/mL (r2 > 0.980) for l-lactic acid; 976.56 to 1,000,000 ng/mL (r2 > 0.980) for d-glucose; 23.44 to 24,000 ng/mL (r2 > 0.980) for fumaric acid and succinic acid; and, 244.14 to 250,000 ng/mL (r2 > 0.980) for pyruvic acid. Validation was carried out, as per European Medicines Agency (EMA) “guidelines on bioanalytical method validation”, for linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LLOQ), recovery, matrix effect, and stability. The recoveries from serum and tissue were 79–119% and 77–223%, respectively. Using this method, we measured TCA intermediates in serum, plasma (NIST 1950 SRM), and in mouse liver samples. The concentration found in NIST SRM 1950 (n = 6) of glycine (246.4 µmol/L), l-alanine (302.4 µmol/L), and serine (92.9 µmol/L).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramji Rathod
- Metabolomics Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, Biomedicum 2U, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (R.R.); (B.G.); (K.N.); (J.W.)
| | - Bharat Gajera
- Metabolomics Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, Biomedicum 2U, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (R.R.); (B.G.); (K.N.); (J.W.)
| | - Kenneth Nazir
- Metabolomics Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, Biomedicum 2U, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (R.R.); (B.G.); (K.N.); (J.W.)
| | - Janne Wallenius
- Metabolomics Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, Biomedicum 2U, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (R.R.); (B.G.); (K.N.); (J.W.)
- Fungal Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Biocenter 1, Viikinkaari 9, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vidya Velagapudi
- Metabolomics Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, Biomedicum 2U, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (R.R.); (B.G.); (K.N.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-50-317-5087
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232
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Wang K, Huang W, Sang X, Wu X, Shan Q, Tang D, Xu X, Cao G. Atractylenolide I inhibits colorectal cancer cell proliferation by affecting metabolism and stemness via AKT/mTOR signaling. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 68:153191. [PMID: 32135457 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atractylenolide I (ATL-1) is a natural herbal compound used in traditional Chinese medicine that has exhibited anti-cancer properties. The anti-tumorigenic activity of ATL-1 against colorectal cancer (CRC) and the underlying signaling pathways involved in its mechanisms are examined here. HYPOTHESIS ATL-1 exerts therapeutic effect against CRC by disrupting glucose metabolism and cancer stem cell maintenance via AKT/mTOR pathway regulation. STUDY DESIGN In vitro studies were performed in COLO205 and HCT116 CRC cell lines and in vivo studies were conducted in a mouse xenograft model of CRC tumor. METHODS CRC cells were treated with ATL-1 at various concentrations, with or without inhibitors of AKT or mTOR. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, stemness maintenance, glucose metabolism, and AKT/mTOR signaling were evaluated. CRC tumor-xenografted mice were treated with an AKT inhibitor and/or ATL-1, and glucose metabolism and stemness maintenance were examined in tumor tissues. RESULTS ATL-1 significantly inhibited the invasion of CRC cells by inducing their apoptosis, possibly via the excessive production of reactive oxygen species. Glucose metabolism (Warburg effect) was also altered and stem-like traits were suppressed by ATL-1. In addition, ATL-1 effectively acted as an inhibitor or AKT/mTOR by downregulating the phosphorylation of proteins related to the AKT/mTOR pathway. In vivo studies showed that tumor weight and volume were reduced by ATL-1 and that aerobic glycolysis, stemness maintenance, and AKT/mTOR activation were impaired by ATL-1 in colorectal tumors. CONCLUSIONS ATL-1 acts as an effective agent to suppress colorectal tumor progression, mainly by inhibiting CRC cell proliferation through altering apoptosis, glucose metabolism, and stem-like behavior. These processes were mediated by the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway both in vitro and in vivo. ATL-1 may be a potential agent to be used in molecular-targeted strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuilong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Wei Huang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Guiyang, China
| | - Xianan Sang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Xin Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Qiyuan Shan
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Dongxin Tang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofen Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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233
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Fluorescent Light Energy (FLE) Acts on Mitochondrial Physiology Improving Wound Healing. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020559. [PMID: 32085605 PMCID: PMC7073965 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent light energy (FLE) has been used to treat various injured tissues in a non-pharmacological and non-thermal fashion. It was applied to stimulate cell proliferation, accelerate healing in chronic and acute wounds, and reduce pain and inflammation. FLE has been shown to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines while promoting an environment conducive to healing. A possible mechanism of action of FLE is linked to regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis. This work aims to investigate the effect of FLE on mitochondrial homeostasis in an in vitro model of inflammation. Confocal microscopy and gene expression profiling were performed on cultures of inflamed human dermal fibroblasts treated with either direct light from a multi-LED lamp, or FLE from either an amorphous gel or sheet hydrogel matrix. Assessment using confocal microscopy revealed mitochondrial fragmentation in inflamed cells, likely due to exposure to inflammatory cytokines, however, mitochondrial networks were restored to normal 24-h after treatment with FLE. Moreover, gene expression analysis found that treatment with FLE resulted in upregulation of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (CPT1B) genes, which encode proteins favoring mitochondrial ATP production through oxidative phosphorylation and lipid β-oxidation, respectively. These observations demonstrate a beneficial effect of FLE on mitochondrial homeostasis in inflamed cells.
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234
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Respiration and Heat Shock Protein After Short-Term Heating/Stretch-Fixing on Smooth Muscle Cells. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2020; 11:308-315. [PMID: 32016917 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-020-00458-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A treatment device without a stent is needed for peripheral stenotic artery treatment. We have proposed short-term heating balloon angioplasty, photo-thermo dynamic balloon angioplasty (PTDBA). Though smooth muscle cells (SMCs) after PTDBA are fixed in a stretched formation in a porcine model, influences of this stimulus on SMCs have not been investigated. SMC migration after vascular dilatation would be related to chronic restenosis. The aim of this study was to examine respiratory activity and recovery ability of SMCs after short-term heating/stretch-fixing in vitro for chronic phase treatment effect discussion. METHODS SMCs on a stretch chamber were heated for 15 s with stretching and fixed in a stretched formation. SMC migration is correlated with the cell respiratory activity. The amount of ATP production was measured using a WST-8 assay for respiratory activity evaluation. The intracellular expression of heat shock protein 70 was measured by an ELISA for recovery ability evaluation. RESULTS In the case of 60 °C heating, SMC respiratory activity after short-term heating/stretch-fixing decreased drastically in all stretching rates. In the case of 50 °C heating, SMC respiratory activity decreased and then increased. Alternatively, the recovery ability at 60 °C was greater than that at 50 °C. CONCLUSIONS SMCs heated at 60 °C with stretching would have high recovery ability and low respiratory activity related to SMC migration. These results may be important evidence in determining the treatment condition in PTDBA.
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235
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Zhang WJ, Zhu ZM, Liu ZX. The role and pharmacological properties of the P2X7 receptor in neuropathic pain. Brain Res Bull 2020; 155:19-28. [PMID: 31778766 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic Pain (NPP) is caused by direct or indirect damage to the nervous system and is a common symptom of many diseases. Clinically, drugs are usually used to suppress pain, such as (lidocaine, morphine, etc.), but the effect is short-lived, poor analgesia, and there are certain dependence and side effects. Therefore, the investigation of the treatment of NPP has become an urgent problem in medical, attracting a lot of research attention. P2X7 is dependent on Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ion channel receptors and has dual functions for the development of nerve damage and pain. In this review, we explored the link between the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) and NPP, providing insight into the P2X7R and NPP, discussing the pathological mechanism of P2 X7R in NPP and the biological characteristics of P2X7R antagonist inhibiting its over-expression for the targeted therapy of NPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Zhang
- The Second Affiliate Hospital. Nanchang University, Nanchang City. Jiangxi Province, China; Basic Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zheng-Ming Zhu
- The Second Affiliate Hospital. Nanchang University, Nanchang City. Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Zeng-Xu Liu
- Basic Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
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236
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Zhang WJ, Hu CG, Zhu ZM, Luo HL. Effect of P2X7 receptor on tumorigenesis and its pharmacological properties. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:109844. [PMID: 32004973 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence and development of tumors is a multi-factor, multi-step, multi-gene pathological process, and its treatment has been the most difficult problem in the field of medicine today. Therefore, exploring the relevant factors involved in the pathogenesis of tumors, improving the diagnostic rate, treatment rate, and prognosis survival rate of tumors have become an urgent problem to be solved. A large number of studies have shown that the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) and the tumor microenvironment play an important role in regulating the growth, apoptosis, migration and invasion of tumor cells. P2X7R is an ATP ligand-gated cationic channel receptor, which exists in most tissues of the human body. The main function of P2X7R is to regulate the relevant cells (such as macrophages, lymphocytes, and glial cells) to release damaging factors and induce apoptosis and cell death. In recent years, with continuous research and exploration of P2X7R, it has been found that P2X7R exists on the surface of most tumor cells and plays an important role in tumor pathogenesis. The activation of the P2X7R can open the ion channels on the tumor cell membrane (sodium ion, calcium ion influx and potassium ion outflow), trigger rearrangement of the cytoskeleton and changes in membrane fluidity, allow small molecule substances to enter the cell, activate enzymes and kinases in related signaling pathways in cells (such as PKA, PKC, ERK1/2, AKT, and JNK), thereby affecting the development of tumor cells, and can also indirectly affect the growth, apoptosis and migration of tumor cells through tumor microenvironment. At present, P2X7R has been widely recognized for its important role in tumorigenesis and development. In this paper, we give a comprehensive description of the structure and function of the P2X7R gene. We also clarified the concept of tumor microenvironment and its effect on tumors, discussed the relevant pathological mechanisms in the development of tumors, and revealed the intrinsic relationship between P2X7R and tumors. We explored the pharmacological properties of P2X7R antagonists or inhibitors in reducing its expression as targeted therapy for tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, 343000, China
| | - Ce-Gui Hu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, 343000, China
| | - Zheng-Ming Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, 343000, China
| | - Hong-Liang Luo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, 343000, China.
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237
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Tanveer M, Shabala S. Neurotransmitters in Signalling and Adaptation to Salinity Stress in Plants. NEUROTRANSMITTERS IN PLANT SIGNALING AND COMMUNICATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-54478-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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238
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Shen Q, Mahoney D, Peltzer J, Rahman F, Krueger KJ, Hiebert JB, Pierce JD. Using the NIH symptom science model to understand fatigue and mitochondrial bioenergetics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 7. [PMID: 33628458 DOI: 10.7243/2056-9157-7-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The symptom of fatigue is prevalent among patients with chronic diseases and conditions such as congestive heart failure and cancer. It has a significant debilitating impact on patients' physical health, quality of life, and well-being. Early detection and appropriate assessment of fatigue is essential for diagnosing, treating, and monitoring disease progression. However, it is often challenging to manage the symptom of fatigue without first investigating the underlying biological mechanisms. In this narrative review, we conceptualize the symptom of fatigue and its relationship with mitochondrial bioenergetics using the National Institute of Health Symptom Science Model (NIH-SSM). In particular, we discuss mental and physical measures to assess fatigue, the importance of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in cellular and organ functions, and how impaired ATP production contributes to fatigue. Specific methods to measure ATP are described. Recommendations are provided concerning how to integrate biological mechanisms with the symptom of fatigue for future research and clinical practice to help alleviate symptoms and improve patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhua Shen
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, United States of America
| | - Diane Mahoney
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, United States of America
| | - Jill Peltzer
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, United States of America
| | - Faith Rahman
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, United States of America
| | - Kathryn J Krueger
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, United States of America
| | - John B Hiebert
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, United States of America
| | - Janet D Pierce
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, United States of America
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239
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Abstract
People with bipolar disorder (BD) all too often have suboptimal long-term outcomes with existing treatment options. They experience relapsing episodes of depression and mania and also have interepisodic mood and anxiety symptoms. We need to have a better understanding of the pathophysiology of BD if we are to make progress in improving these outcomes. This chapter will focus on the critical role of mitochondria in human functioning, oxidative stress, and the biological mechanisms of mitochondria in BD. Additionally, this chapter will present the evidence that, at least for some people, BD is a product of mitochondrial dysregulation. We review the modulators of mitochondria, the connection between current BD medication treatments and mitochondria, and additional medications that have theoretical potential to treat BD.
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240
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Seo YJ, Jin H, Lee K, Song JH, Chei S, Oh HJ, Oh JH, Lee BY. Cardamonin suppresses lipogenesis by activating protein kinase A-mediated browning of 3T3-L1 cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 65:153064. [PMID: 31645009 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity develops when dietary energy intake exceeds energy expenditure, and can be associated with metabolic syndrome. Recent studies have shown that dietary phytochemicals can promote energy expenditure by inducing the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT). PURPOSE This study investigated whether cardamonin induces the browning of 3T3-L1 adipocytes through the activation of protein kinase A (PKA). METHODS Anti-obesity potential of cardamonin was evaluated in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Adipocyte-specific genes were observed using western blot, qPCR analysis and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS Cardamonin treatment inhibited lipid droplet accumulation and reduced the expression of the adipogenic proteins C/EBPα and FABP4, and the lipogenic proteins LPAATθ, lipin 1, DGAT1, SREBP1, and FAS. Cardamonin also induced the expression of the browning marker genes PRDM16, PGC1α, and UCP1 at the mRNA and protein levels, and induced mRNA expression of CD137, a key marker of beige adipocytes. It also increased the expression of the β-oxidation genes CPT1 and PPARα at the mRNA and protein levels. In addition, cardamonin increased PKA phosphorylation and the mRNA and protein expression of the downstream lipolytic enzymes adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate novel effects of cardamonin to stimulate adipocyte browning, suppress lipogenesis, and promote lipolysis, implying it may have potential as an anti-obesity agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jin Seo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Kyeonggi 13488, South Korea
| | - Heegu Jin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Kyeonggi 13488, South Korea.
| | - Kippeum Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Kyeonggi 13488, South Korea.
| | - Ji-Hyeon Song
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Kyeonggi 13488, South Korea.
| | - Sungwoo Chei
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Kyeonggi 13488, South Korea.
| | - Hyun-Ji Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Kyeonggi 13488, South Korea.
| | - Jae-Hoon Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Kyeonggi 13488, South Korea.
| | - Boo-Yong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Kyeonggi 13488, South Korea.
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241
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Morciano G, Imamura H, Patergnani S, Pedriali G, Giorgi C, Pinton P. Measurement of ATP concentrations in mitochondria of living cells using luminescence and fluorescence approaches. Methods Cell Biol 2019; 155:199-219. [PMID: 32183959 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) is the central metabolite in the energy metabolism of cells and is hydrolyzed to ADP and inorganic phosphate to provide free energy in various cellular processes. ATP also functions as an intracellular signaling molecule. Thus, it is important to know the ATP concentration within cells to understand cellular activities. Here, we describe two methods to detect ATP concentrations in the cytoplasm and mitochondrial matrix using genetically encoded luminescent or fluorescent biosensors. These methods enable quantitative investigation of ATP concentration dynamics in living cells, single cells and cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampaolo Morciano
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, (RA), Italy; Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology and LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Hiromi Imamura
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Simone Patergnani
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, (RA), Italy; Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology and LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gaia Pedriali
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, (RA), Italy; Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology and LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology and LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, (RA), Italy; Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology and LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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242
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Ho KKY. The promise of growth hormone in sport: doped or duped. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2019; 63:576-581. [PMID: 31939482 PMCID: PMC10522236 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a target tissue of GH. Based on its anabolic properties, it is widely accepted that GH enhances muscle performance in sports. Athletic performance depends on muscle strength and the energy required to power muscle function. The energy required to power muscle function is derived from a continuum of anaerobic and aerobic sources. Molecular and functional studies provide evidence that in muscle GH stimulates the anaerobic and suppresses the aerobic energy system, in turn affecting power-based functional measures in a time-dependent manner. In recreational athletes, GH improves anaerobic capacity but has not been proven to significantly enhance muscle strength, power, or maximum rate of oxygen consumption. GH appears likely to selectively benefit sprint events and not physical performance that depends on strength and endurance. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2019;63(6):576-81.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken K. Y. Ho
- Garvan Institute of Medical ResearchSt Vincent’s HospitalUniversity of New South WalesSydneyAustralia The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent’s Hospital and the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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243
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Denning NL, Aziz M, Gurien SD, Wang P. DAMPs and NETs in Sepsis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2536. [PMID: 31736963 PMCID: PMC6831555 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a deadly inflammatory syndrome caused by an exaggerated immune response to infection. Much has been focused on host response to pathogens mediated through the interaction of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). PRRs are also activated by host nuclear, mitochondrial, and cytosolic proteins, known as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that are released from cells during sepsis. Some well described members of the DAMP family are extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (eCIRP), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), histones, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). DAMPs are released from the cell through inflammasome activation or passively following cell death. Similarly, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are released from neutrophils during inflammation. NETs are webs of extracellular DNA decorated with histones, myeloperoxidase, and elastase. Although NETs contribute to pathogen clearance, excessive NET formation promotes inflammation and tissue damage in sepsis. Here, we review DAMPs and NETs and their crosstalk in sepsis with respect to their sources, activation, release, and function. A clear grasp of DAMPs, NETs and their interaction is crucial for the understanding of the pathophysiology of sepsis and for the development of novel sepsis therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi-Liza Denning
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Department of Surgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Monowar Aziz
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Steven D Gurien
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Department of Surgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Ping Wang
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Department of Surgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
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244
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Nguyen JH, Chung JD, Lynch GS, Ryall JG. The Microenvironment Is a Critical Regulator of Muscle Stem Cell Activation and Proliferation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:254. [PMID: 31737625 PMCID: PMC6828616 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle has a remarkable capacity to regenerate following injury, a property conferred by a resident population of muscle stem cells (MuSCs). In response to injury, MuSCs must double their cellular content to divide, a process requiring significant new biomass in the form of nucleotides, phospholipids, and amino acids. This new biomass is derived from a series of intracellular metabolic cycles and alternative routing of carbon. In this review, we examine the link between metabolism and skeletal muscle regeneration with particular emphasis on the role of the cellular microenvironment in supporting the production of new biomass and MuSC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Nguyen
- Department of Physiology, Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jin D Chung
- Department of Physiology, Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gordon S Lynch
- Department of Physiology, Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James G Ryall
- Department of Physiology, Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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245
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Melchinger H, Jain K, Tyagi T, Hwa J. Role of Platelet Mitochondria: Life in a Nucleus-Free Zone. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:153. [PMID: 31737646 PMCID: PMC6828734 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are abundant, small, anucleate circulating cells, serving many emerging pathophysiological roles beyond hemostasis; including active critical roles in thrombosis, injury response, and immunoregulation. In the absence of genomic DNA transcriptional regulation (no nucleus), platelets require strategic prepackaging of all the needed RNA and organelles from megakaryocytes, to sense stress (e.g., hyperglycemia), to protect themselves from stress (e.g., mitophagy), and to communicate a stress response to other cells (e.g., granule and microparticle release). Distinct from avian thrombocytes that have a nucleus, the absence of a nucleus allows the mammalian platelet to maintain its small size, permits morphological flexibility, and may improve speed and efficiency of protein expression in response to stress. In the absence of a nucleus, platelet lifespan of 7–10 days, is largely determined by the mitochondria. The packaging of 5–8 mitochondria is critical in aerobic respiration and yielding metabolic substrates needed for function and survival. Mitochondria damage or dysfunction, as observed with several disease processes, results in greatly attenuated platelet survival and increased risk for thrombovascular events. Here we provide insights into the emerging roles of platelets despite the lack of a nucleus, and the key role played by mitochondria in platelet function and survival both in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Melchinger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Kanika Jain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Tarun Tyagi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - John Hwa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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246
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Bolamperti S, Guidobono F, Rubinacci A, Villa I. The Role of Growth Hormone in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Commitment. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215264. [PMID: 31652811 PMCID: PMC6862273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) is best known for its prominent role in promoting prepubertal growth and in regulating body composition and metabolism during adulthood. In recent years, the possible role of GH in the modulation of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) commitment has gained interest. MSCs, characterized by active self-renewal and differentiation potential, express GH receptors. In MSCs derived from different adult tissues, GH induces an inhibition of adipogenic differentiation and favors MSC differentiation towards osteogenesis. This activity of GH indicates that regulation of body composition by GH has already started in the tissue progenitor cells. These findings have fostered research on possible uses of MSCs treated with GH in those pathologies, where a lack of or delays in bone repair occur. After an overview of GH activities, this review will focus on the research that has characterized GH’s effects on MSCs and on preliminary studies on the possible application of GH in bone regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Bolamperti
- Bone Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics & Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Francesca Guidobono
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Rubinacci
- Bone Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics & Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Isabella Villa
- Bone Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics & Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy.
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247
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Ocadlikova D, Lecciso M, Isidori A, Loscocco F, Visani G, Amadori S, Cavo M, Curti A. Chemotherapy-Induced Tumor Cell Death at the Crossroads Between Immunogenicity and Immunotolerance: Focus on Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1004. [PMID: 31649875 PMCID: PMC6794495 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In solid tumors and hematological malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia, some chemotherapeutic agents, such as anthracyclines, have proven to activate an immune response via dendritic cell-based cross-priming of anti-tumor T lymphocytes. This process, known as immunogenic cell death, is characterized by a variety of tumor cell modifications, i.e., cell surface translocation of calreticulin, extracellular release of adenosine triphosphate and pro-inflammatory factors, such as high mobility group box 1 proteins. However, in addition to with immunogenic cell death, chemotherapy is known to induce inflammatory modifications within the tumor microenvironment, which may also elicit immunosuppressive pathways. In particular, DCs may be driven to acquire tolerogenic features, such as the overexpression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygensase 1, which may ultimately hamper anti-tumor T-cells via the induction of T regulatory cells. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about the mechanisms and effects by which chemotherapy results in both activation and suppression of anti-tumor immune response. Indeed, a better understanding of the whole process underlying chemotherapy-induced alterations of the immunological tumor microenvironment has important clinical implications to fully exploit the immunogenic potential of anti-leukemia agents and tune their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darina Ocadlikova
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital S.Orsola-Malpighi, Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Mariangela Lecciso
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital S.Orsola-Malpighi, Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Isidori
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant Center, AORMN Hospital, Pesaro, Italy
| | - Federica Loscocco
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant Center, AORMN Hospital, Pesaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Visani
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant Center, AORMN Hospital, Pesaro, Italy
| | - Sergio Amadori
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Hematology, University Hospital Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Cavo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital S.Orsola-Malpighi, Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Curti
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital S.Orsola-Malpighi, Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
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248
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Velázquez-Miranda E, Díaz-Muñoz M, Vázquez-Cuevas FG. Purinergic signaling in hepatic disease. Purinergic Signal 2019; 15:477-489. [PMID: 31576486 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-019-09680-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular purines (ATP and adenosine) are ubiquitous intercellular messengers. During tissular damage, they function as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). In this context, purines announce tissue alterations to initiate a reparative response that involve the formation of the inflammasome complex and the recruitment of specialized cells of the immune system. The present review focuses on the role of the purinergic system in liver damage, mainly during the onset and development of fibrosis. After hepatocellular injury, extracellular ATP promotes a signaling cascade that ameliorates tissue alterations to restore the hepatic function. However, if cellular damage becomes chronic, ATP orchestrates an aberrant reparative process that results in severe liver diseases such as fibrosis and cirrhosis. ATP and adenosine, their receptors, and extracellular ectonucleotidases are mediators of unique processes that will be reviewed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Velázquez-Miranda
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, C.P. 76230, Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - M Díaz-Muñoz
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, C.P. 76230, Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - F G Vázquez-Cuevas
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, C.P. 76230, Juriquilla, Querétaro, México.
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249
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Ma T, Lin S, Wang B, Wang Q, Xia W, Zhang H, Cui Y, He C, Wu H, Sun F, Zhao Z, Gao P, Zhu Z, Liu D. TRPC3 deficiency attenuates high salt-induced cardiac hypertrophy by alleviating cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 519:674-681. [PMID: 31543348 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Long-term high salt intake leads to cardiac hypertrophy, but the mechanism remains elusive. Transient receptor potential channel, canonical 3(TRPC3), located in mitochondria, regulates mitochondrial calcium and reactive oxygen species(ROS) production. Herein, we investigated whether TRPC3 participates in high salt-induced cardiac hypertrophy by impairing cardiac mitochondrial function. High salt treatment increased the expression of mitochondrial TRPC3 in cardiomyocytes, accompanied by enhanced mitochondrial calcium uptake and elevated ROS production. Inhibition of TRPC3 significantly reduced high salt-induced ROS generation, promoted ATP production by stimulating oxidative phosphorylation, and increased enzyme activity in mitochondria in cardiomyocytes. Additionally, TRPC3 deficiency inhibited high salt-induced cardiac hypertrophy in vivo. A long-term high salt diet increased cardiac mitochondrial TRPC3 expression, elevated expression of cardiac hypertrophic markers atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP),brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC) and decreased ATP production and mitochondrial complex I and II enzyme activity in a TRPC3-dependent manner. TRPC3 deficiency antagonises high salt diet-mediated cardiac hypertrophy by ameliorating TRPC3-mediated cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction. TRPC3 may therefore represent a novel target for preventing high salt-induced cardiac damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Ma
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Shaoyang Lin
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Qianran Wang
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Weijie Xia
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Hexuan Zhang
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yuanting Cui
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Chengkang He
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Fang Sun
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Zhiming Zhu
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Daoyan Liu
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, 400042, China.
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250
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Yu G, Kim S, Bae SW, Yeo W. A Quencher‐Fluorophore‐Type Probe for Detection and Imaging of NADPH in Human Breast Cancer Cells. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geunhyeok Yu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics CenterKonkuk University Seoul 05029 South Korea
| | - Sungryung Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics CenterKonkuk University Seoul 05029 South Korea
| | - Se Won Bae
- Green Chemistry and Materials GroupKorea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH) Cheonan 31056 South Korea
| | - Woon‐Seok Yeo
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics CenterKonkuk University Seoul 05029 South Korea
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