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Zhang L, Zhang X, Liu Y, Wang S, Jia G. Vagus nerve stimulation promotes the M1-to-M2 transition via inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB in microglial to rescue the reperfusion injury. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2022; 31:106596. [PMID: 35834936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To specify the effect of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) on microglial polarization following ischemic-reperfusion and further investigate its underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the sham, ischemic reperfusion group (IR), IR+VNS groups. VNS intervention lasting for 1 hour was administered after 30 minutes of occlusion. We analyzed the expression of Arginase 1 (Arg1), the number of M2 microglial in the peri-infarction cortex and assessed the neurological scores at the 1, 3, 7 days after reperfusion to determine the research time point. Then, we assessed polarization status of microglial, the infarct volume, neurological scores, the cellular distribution of Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4), the TLR4-associated pathway protein and the p-NF-κB in microglial at 3 days after reperfusion. RESULTS We found that VNS could increase the specific marker of M2 Arg1 and upregulate the M2 microglial after reperfusion, and the increase of Arg1, M2 microglial and the neurological scores was largest at the 3 days after reperfusion. VNS treatment significantly reduced the number and percent of M1, improved the number and percent of M2 and upregulated the M2 to M1 ratio without changing the number of total microglial at the 3 days after reperfusion. Moreover, VNS reduced the infarct volume and neurological deficits. In addition, VNS significantly reduced the microglial-specific TLR4, inhibited the activated TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway following ischemic-reperfusion, and ultimately suppressed the p-NF-κB in microglial. CONCLUSION Our study revealed that VNS can promote the M1-to-M2 phenotype conversion to alleviate inflammatory response and brain injury through inhibition of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in microglia following ischemic-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, China; Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 40010, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, China; Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 40010, China.
| | - Yilin Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, China; Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 40010, China
| | - Sanrong Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Gongwei Jia
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, China.
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Raffaele S, Fumagalli M. Dynamics of Microglia Activation in the Ischemic Brain: Implications for Myelin Repair and Functional Recovery. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:950819. [PMID: 35899017 PMCID: PMC9309466 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.950819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a neurological disorder representing a leading cause of death and permanent disability world-wide, for which effective regenerative treatments are missing. Oligodendrocyte degeneration and consequent myelin disruption are considered major contributing factors to stroke-associated neurological deficits. Therefore, fostering myelin reconstruction by oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach to enhance functional recovery in stroke patients. A pivotal role in regulating remyelination is played by microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain. Early after stroke, microglial cells exert beneficial functions, promoting OPC recruitment toward the ischemic lesion and preserving myelin integrity. However, the protective features of microglia are lost during disease progression, contributing to remyelination failure. Unveiling the mechanisms driving the pro-remyelination properties of microglia may provide important opportunities for both reducing myelin damage and promoting its regeneration. Here, we summarize recent evidence describing microglia activation kinetics in experimental models of ischemic injury, focusing on the contribution of these innate immune cells to myelin damage and repair. Some molecular signals regulating the pro-regenerative functions of microglia after stroke have been highlighted to provide new possible therapeutic targets involved in the protective functions of these cells. Finally, we analyzed the impact of microglia-to-OPCs communication via extracellular vesicles on post-stroke remyelination and functional recovery. The results collected in this review underline the importance of supporting the pro-remyelination functions of microglial cells after stroke.
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203
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Lin KB, Fan FH, Cai MQ, Yu Y, Fu CL, Ding LY, Sun YD, Sun JW, Shi YW, Dong ZF, Yuan MJ, Li S, Wang YP, Chen KK, Zhu JN, Guo XW, Zhang X, Zhao YW, Li JB, Huang D. Systemic immune inflammation index and system inflammation response index are potential biomarkers of atrial fibrillation among the patients presenting with ischemic stroke. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:106. [PMID: 35780134 PMCID: PMC9250264 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00733-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic inflammatory disorders in atrial fibrillation (AF) contribute to the onset of ischemic stroke. Systemic immune inflammation index (SIII) and system inflammation response index (SIRI) are the two novel and convenient measurements that are positively associated with body inflammation. However, little is known regarding the association between SIII/SIRI with the presence of AF among the patients with ischemic stroke. Methods A total of 526 ischemic stroke patients (173 with AF and 353 without AF) were consecutively enrolled in our study from January 2017 to June 2019. SIII and SIRI were measured in both groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyse the potential association between SIII/SIRI and the presence of AF. Finally, the correlation between hospitalization expenses, changes in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores and SIII/SIRI values were measured. Results In patients with ischemic stroke, SIII and SIRI values were significantly higher in AF patients than in non-AF patients (all p < 0.001). Moreover, with increasing quartiles of SIII and SIRI in all patients, the proportion of patients with AF was higher than that of non-AF patients gradually. Logistic regression analyses demonstrated that log-transformed SIII and log-transformed SIRI were independently associated with the presence of AF in patients with ischemic stroke (log-transformed SIII: odds ratio [OR]: 1.047, 95% confidence interval CI = 0.322–1.105, p = 0.047; log-transformed SIRI: OR: 6.197, 95% CI = 2.196–17.484, p = 0.001). Finally, a positive correlation between hospitalization expenses, changes in the NIHSS scores and SIII/SIRI were found, which were more significant in patients with AF (all p < 0.05). Conclusions Our study suggests SIII and SIRI are convenient and effective measurements for predicting the presence of AF in patients with ischemic stroke. Moreover, they were correlated with increased financial burden and poor short-term prognosis in AF patients presenting with ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Bin Lin
- Heart Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Xuhui District, No. 600, Yishan Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Hua Fan
- Heart Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Xuhui District, No. 600, Yishan Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Qi Cai
- Heart Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Xuhui District, No. 600, Yishan Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Yu
- Heart Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Xuhui District, No. 600, Yishan Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan-Liang Fu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Yue Ding
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Dong Sun
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Wen Sun
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Wang Shi
- Zhiyuan College, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Feng Dong
- Heart Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Xuhui District, No. 600, Yishan Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Min-Jie Yuan
- Heart Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Xuhui District, No. 600, Yishan Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Li
- Heart Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Xuhui District, No. 600, Yishan Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Peng Wang
- Heart Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Xuhui District, No. 600, Yishan Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kan-Kai Chen
- Heart Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Xuhui District, No. 600, Yishan Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Ni Zhu
- Heart Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Xuhui District, No. 600, Yishan Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Wei Guo
- Heart Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Xuhui District, No. 600, Yishan Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Heart Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Xuhui District, No. 600, Yishan Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Wu Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Bo Li
- Heart Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Xuhui District, No. 600, Yishan Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dong Huang
- Heart Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Xuhui District, No. 600, Yishan Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Zhu L, Huang L, Le A, Wang TJ, Zhang J, Chen X, Wang J, Wang J, Jiang C. Interactions between the Autonomic Nervous System and the Immune System after Stroke. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3665-3704. [PMID: 35766834 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute stroke is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Stroke-induced immune-inflammatory response occurs in the perilesion areas and the periphery. Although stroke-induced immunosuppression may alleviate brain injury, it hinders brain repair as the immune-inflammatory response plays a bidirectional role after acute stroke. Furthermore, suppression of the systemic immune-inflammatory response increases the risk of life-threatening systemic bacterial infections after acute stroke. Therefore, it is essential to explore the mechanisms that underlie the stroke-induced immune-inflammatory response. Autonomic nervous system (ANS) activation is critical for regulating the local and systemic immune-inflammatory responses and may influence the prognosis of acute stroke. We review the changes in the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems and their influence on the immune-inflammatory response after stroke. Importantly, this article summarizes the mechanisms on how ANS regulates the immune-inflammatory response through neurotransmitters and their receptors in immunocytes and immune organs after stroke. To facilitate translational research, we also discuss the promising therapeutic approaches modulating the activation of the ANS or the immune-inflammatory response to promote neurologic recovery after stroke. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3665-3704, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Leo Huang
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anh Le
- Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tom J Wang
- Winston Churchill High School, Potomac, Maryland, USA
| | - Jiewen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Junmin Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
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Neag MA, Mitre AO, Burlacu CC, Inceu AI, Mihu C, Melincovici CS, Bichescu M, Buzoianu AD. miRNA Involvement in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:901360. [PMID: 35757539 PMCID: PMC9226476 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.901360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury is a debilitating medical condition, currently with only a limited amount of therapies aimed at protecting the cerebral parenchyma. Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that via the RNA-induced silencing complex either degrade or prevent target messenger RNAs from being translated and thus, can modulate the synthesis of target proteins. In the neurological field, miRNAs have been evaluated as potential regulators in brain development processes and pathological events. Following ischemic hypoxic stress, the cellular and molecular events initiated dysregulate different miRNAs, responsible for long-terming progression and extension of neuronal damage. Because of their ability to regulate the synthesis of target proteins, miRNAs emerge as a possible therapeutic strategy in limiting the neuronal damage following a cerebral ischemic event. This review aims to summarize the recent literature evidence of the miRNAs involved in signaling and modulating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injuries, thus pointing their potential in limiting neuronal damage and repair mechanisms. An in-depth overview of the molecular pathways involved in ischemia reperfusion injury and the involvement of specific miRNAs, could provide future perspectives in the development of neuroprotective agents targeting these specific miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Adriana Neag
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei-Otto Mitre
- Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Andreea-Ioana Inceu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carina Mihu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen-Stanca Melincovici
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marius Bichescu
- Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca-Dana Buzoianu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Investigating the AC079305/DUSP1 Axis as Oxidative Stress-Related Signatures and Immune Infiltration Characteristics in Ischemic Stroke. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8432352. [PMID: 35746962 PMCID: PMC9213160 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8432352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress (OS) and immune inflammation play complex intersections in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke (IS). However, a competing endogenous RNA- (ceRNA-) based mechanism linked to the intersections in IS has not been explored. We aimed to identify potential OS-related signatures and analyze immune infiltration characteristics in IS. Methods Three datasets (GSE22255, GSE110993, and GSE140275) from the GEO database were extracted. Differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs, microRNAs, and messenger RNAs (DElncRNAs, DEmiRNAs, and DEmRNAs) between IS patients and controls were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were explored. Moreover, a triple ceRNA network was constructed to reveal transcriptional regulation mechanisms. A comprehensive strategy among least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, DEmRNAs, uprelated DEmRNAs, and OS-related genes was adopted to select the best signature. Then, we evaluated and verified the discriminant ability of the signature via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Immune infiltration characteristics were explored via the CIBERSORT algorithm. Moreover, the best signature was verified via qPCR and western blot methods in rat brain tissues and PC12 cells. Results 11 DEmRNAs were identified totally. Enrichment analysis showed that the DEmRNAs were primarily concentrated in MAPK-associated biological processes and immune or inflammation-involved pathways. DUSP1 was identified as the best signature with an area under the ROC curve of 73.5% (95%CI = 57.02-89.98, sensitivity = 95%, and specificity = 60%) in GSE22255 and 100.0% (95%CI = 100.00-100.00, sensitivity = 100%, and specificity = 100%) in GSE140275. Importantly, we also identified the AC079305/DUSP1 axis in the ceRNA network. Immune infiltration showed that resting mast cells infiltrate less in IS patients compared with controls. And DUSP1 was negatively correlated with resting mast cells (r = −0.703, P < 0.01), whereas it was positively correlated with neutrophils (r = 0.339, P < 0.05). Both in vivo and in vitro models confirmed the upregulated expression of DUSP1 and the downregulated expression of miR-429. Conclusion This study identified the ceRNA-based AC079305/DUSP1 axis as a promising OS-related signature for IS. Immune infiltrating cells, especially mast cells, may exert a pivotal role in IS progression. Pharmacological agents targeting signatures, their receptors, or mast cells may shed a novel light on therapeutic targets for IS.
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207
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Zhang Y, Lei L, Zhou H, Lu X, Cai F, Li T. Roles of Micro Ribonucleic Acids in Astrocytes After Cerebral Stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:890762. [PMID: 35755778 PMCID: PMC9218061 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.890762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral stroke is one of the highest-ranking causes of death and the leading cause of disability globally, particularly with an increasing incidence and prevalence in developing countries. Steadily more evidence has indicated that micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) have important regulatory functions in gene transcription and translation in the course of cerebral stroke. It is beyond arduous to understand the pathophysiology of cerebral stroke, due in part to the perplexity of influencing the network of the inflammatory response, brain edema, autophagy and neuronal apoptosis. The recent research shows miRNA plays a key role in regulating aquaporin 4 (AQP4), and many essential pathological processes after cerebral stroke. This article reviews the recent knowledge on how miRNA influences the inflammatory response, brain edema, infarction size, and neuronal injury after cerebral stroke. In addition, some miRNAs may serve as potential biomarkers in stroke diagnosis and therapy since the expression of some miRNAs in the blood is stable after cerebral stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuansheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Kunming University of Science and Technology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Li Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Kunming University of Science and Technology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Kunming University of Science and Technology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoyang Lu
- Translational Neurosurgery and Neurobiology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Feifei Cai
- Department of Radiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Kunming University of Science and Technology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
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Arik E, Heinisch O, Bienert M, Gubeljak L, Slowik A, Reich A, Schulz JB, Wilhelm T, Huber M, Habib P. Erythropoietin Enhances Post-ischemic Migration and Phagocytosis and Alleviates the Activation of Inflammasomes in Human Microglial Cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:915348. [PMID: 35813499 PMCID: PMC9263298 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.915348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) has been shown to exert anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects after cerebral ischemia. Inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and -18 (IL-1β and IL-18) are crucial mediators of apoptosis and are maturated by multiprotein complexes termed inflammasomes. Microglia are the first responders to post-ischemic brain damage and are a main source of inflammasomes. However, the impact of rhEPO on microglial activation and the subsequent induction of inflammasomes after ischemia remains elusive. To address this, we subjected human microglial clone 3 (HMC-3) cells to various durations of oxygen-glucose-deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) to assess the impact of rhEPO on cell viability, metabolic activity, oxidative stress, phagocytosis, migration, as well as on the regulation and activation of the NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRC4, and AIM2 inflammasomes. Administration of rhEPO mitigated OGD/R-induced oxidative stress and cell death. Additionally, it enhanced metabolic activity, migration and phagocytosis of HMC-3. Moreover, rhEPO attenuated post-ischemic activation and regulation of the NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRC4, and AIM2 inflammasomes as well as their downstream effectors CASPASE1 and IL-1β. Pharmacological inhibition of NLRP3 via MCC950 had no effect on the activation of CASPASE1 and maturation of IL-1β after OGD/R, but increased protein levels of NLRP1, NLRC4, and AIM2, suggesting compensatory activities among inflammasomes. We provide evidence that EPO-conveyed anti-inflammatory actions might be mediated via the regulation of the inflammasomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eren Arik
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ole Heinisch
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michaela Bienert
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lara Gubeljak
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Slowik
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Arno Reich
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jörg B. Schulz
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN Institute of Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Wilhelm
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Huber
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Pardes Habib
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN Institute of Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Pardes Habib, ; orcid.org/0000-0002-5771-216X
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Liu S, Xu J, Liu Y, You Y, Xie L, Tong S, Chen Y, Liang K, Zhou S, Li F, Tang Z, Mei N, Lu H, Wang X, Gao X, Chen J. Neutrophil-Biomimetic "Nanobuffer" for Remodeling the Microenvironment in the Infarct Core and Protecting Neurons in the Penumbra via Neutralization of Detrimental Factors to Treat Ischemic Stroke. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:27743-27761. [PMID: 35695238 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High level of detrimental factors including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory cytokines accumulated in the infarct core and their erosion to salvageable penumbra are key pathological cascades of ischemia-reperfusion injury in stroke. Few neuroprotectants can remodel the hostile microenvironment of the infarct core for the failure to interfere with dead or biofunctionally inactive dying cells. Even ischemia-reperfusion injury is temporarily attenuated in the penumbra by medications; insults of detrimental factors from the core still erode the penumbra continuously along with drug metabolism and clearance. Herein, a strategy named "nanobuffer" is proposed to neutralize detrimental factors and buffer destructive erosion to the penumbra. Inspired by neutrophils' tropism to the infarct core and affinity to inflammatory cytokines, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles are coated with neutrophil membrane to target the infarct core and absorb inflammatory cytokines; α-lipoic acid is decorated on the surface and cannabidiol is loaded for ROS scavenging and neuroprotection, respectively, to construct the basic unit of the nanobuffer. Such a nanobuffer exerts a comprehensive effect on the infarct area via detrimental factor neutralization and cannabidiol-induced neuroprotection. Besides, the nanobuffer can possibly be enhanced by dynamic ROP (ring-opening-polymerization)-induced membrane cross-fusion among closely adjacent units in vivo. Systematic evaluations show significant decrease of detrimental factors in the core and the penumbra, reduced infarct volume, and improved neurological recovery compared to the untreated group of stroke rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital & Department of Pharmaceutics, Fudan University, Lane 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Lane 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianpei Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital & Department of Pharmaceutics, Fudan University, Lane 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Lane 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yipu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital & Department of Pharmaceutics, Fudan University, Lane 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Lane 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yang You
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital & Department of Pharmaceutics, Fudan University, Lane 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Lane 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Laozhi Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital & Department of Pharmaceutics, Fudan University, Lane 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Lane 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shiqiang Tong
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital & Department of Pharmaceutics, Fudan University, Lane 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Lane 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital & Department of Pharmaceutics, Fudan University, Lane 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Lane 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kaifan Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital & Department of Pharmaceutics, Fudan University, Lane 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Lane 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Songlei Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital & Department of Pharmaceutics, Fudan University, Lane 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Lane 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fengan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital & Department of Pharmaceutics, Fudan University, Lane 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Lane 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhuang Tang
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao 999078, China
| | - Ni Mei
- Shanghai Center for Drug Evaluation and Inspection, Lane 781, Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Huiping Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, 2800 Gongwei Road, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao 999078, China
| | - Xiaoling Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jun Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital & Department of Pharmaceutics, Fudan University, Lane 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Lane 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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Differential Regulation of the Immune System in Peripheral Blood Following Ischemic Stroke. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:2747043. [PMID: 35722467 PMCID: PMC9200570 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2747043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Method 108 IS samples and 47 matched controls were obtained from the GEO database. Immune-related genes (IRGs) and their associated drugs were collected from the ImmPort and PharmGBK databases, respectively. Random forest (RF) regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression were applied to identify immune-related genetic biomarkers (IRGBs) of IS, and accuracy was verified using neural network models. Finally, proportion changes of various immune cells in peripheral blood of IS patients were evaluated using CIBERSORT and xCell and correlation analyses were performed between IRGBs and differentially distributed immune cells. Results A total of 537 genes were differentially expressed between IS and control samples. Four immune-related differential expressed genes identified by regression analysis presented strong predictive power (AUC = 0.909) which we suggeseted them as immune-related genetic biomarkers (IRGBs). We also demonstrated six immune-related genes targeted by known drugs. In addition, post-IS immune system presented an increase in the proportion of innate immune cells and a decrease in adaptive immune cells in the peripheral circulation, and IRGBs showing significance were associated with this process. Conclusion The study identified CARD11, ICAM2, VIM, and CD19 as immune-related genetic biomarkers of IS. Six immune-related DEGs targeted by known drugs were found and provide new candidate drug targets for modulating the post-IS immune system. The innate immune cells and adaptive immune cells are diversified in the post-IS immune system, and IRGBs might play important role during this process.
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Schädlich IS, Schnapauff O, Pöls L, Schrader J, Tolosa E, Rissiek B, Magnus T. Nt5e deficiency does not affect post-stroke inflammation and lesion size in a murine ischemia/reperfusion stroke model. iScience 2022; 25:104470. [PMID: 35692634 PMCID: PMC9184566 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular ATP released to the ischemic brain parenchyma is quickly metabolized by ectonucleotidases. Among them, the ecto-5′-nucleotidase CD73 encoded by Nt5e generates immunosuppressive adenosine. Genetic deletion of Nt5e led to increased infarct size in the murine photothrombotic stroke model. We aimed at validating this result using the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) stroke model that represents pathophysiological aspects of penumbra and reperfusion. Three days after tMACO, we did not detect a difference in stroke size between CD73-deficient (CD73−/−) and control mice. Consistent with this finding, CD73−/− and control mice showed comparable numbers and composition of brain-infiltrating leukocytes measured by flow cytometry. Using NanoString technology, we further demonstrated that CD73−/− and control mice do not differ regarding glia cell gene expression profiles. Our findings highlight the potential impact of stroke models on study outcome and the need for cross-validation of originally promising immunomodulatory candidates. Infarct volume on day 3 after tMCAO was comparable among CD73−/− and control mice Brain leukocyte infiltration on day 3 after tMCAO was similar in CD73−/− and control mice Glial RNA expression profile on day 3 after tMCAO was similar in CD73−/− and control mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Sophie Schädlich
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Oliver Schnapauff
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Lennart Pöls
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schrader
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eva Tolosa
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Rissiek
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Tim Magnus
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
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Laminin as a Biomarker of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption under Neuroinflammation: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126788. [PMID: 35743229 PMCID: PMC9224176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Laminin, a non-collagenous glycoprotein present in the brain extracellular matrix, helps to maintain blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity and regulation. Neuroinflammation can compromise laminin structure and function, increasing BBB permeability. The aim of this paper is to determine if neuroinflammation-induced laminin functional changes may serve as a potential biomarker of alterations in the BBB. The 38 publications included evaluated neuroinflammation, BBB disruption, and laminin, and were assessed for quality and risk of bias (protocol registered in PROSPERO; CRD42020212547). We found that laminin may be a good indicator of BBB overall structural integrity, although changes in expression are dependent on the pathologic or experimental model used. In ischemic stroke, permanent vascular damage correlates with increased laminin expression (β and γ subunits), while transient damage correlates with reduced laminin expression (α subunits). Laminin was reduced in traumatic brain injury and cerebral hemorrhage studies but increased in multiple sclerosis and status epilepticus studies. Despite these observations, there is limited knowledge about the role played by different subunits or isoforms (such as 411 or 511) of laminin in maintaining structural architecture of the BBB under neuroinflammation. Further studies may clarify this aspect and the possibility of using laminin as a biomarker in different pathologies, which have alterations in BBB function in common.
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Cao S, Zeng Y, Chen M, Ouyang W. Integrated Analysis of Immune-Related circRNA-miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network in Ischemic Stroke. Front Neurol 2022; 13:889855. [PMID: 35785353 PMCID: PMC9240315 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.889855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundStroke is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, with ischemic stroke (IS) being the most prevalent type. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in the pathological process of IS and are promising biomarkers for the diagnosis of IS. However, studies focusing on circRNAs acting as microRNAs (miRNAs) sponges in regulating mRNA expression are currently scarce.MethodsIn this study, expression profiles of circRNAs (GSE195442), miRNAs (GSE117064), and mRNAs (GSE58294) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were analyzed. Differentially expressed circRNAs (DEcircRNAs), differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs), and differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) were identified by R software. The target miRNAs and target genes were predicted by several bioinformatics methods. Then, we performed Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of the DEmRNAs. Subsequently, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network were visualized by Cytoscape software. Finally, we further constructed an immune-related circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory sub-network in IS.ResultsA total of 35 DEcircRNAs, 141 DEmiRNAs, and 356 DEmRNAs were identified. By comprehensive analysis of bioinformatics methods, we constructed a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network, including 15 DEcircRNAs, eight DEmiRNAs, and 39 DEmRNAs. FGF9 was identified as an immune-related hub gene. Immune cell analysis indicated a significantly higher level of neutrophils in IS, and the expression of FGF9 was significantly negatively correlated with the level of neutrophils. Eventually, miR-767-5p was predicted as the upstream molecules of FGF9, and circ_0127785 and circ_0075008 were predicted as the upstream circRNAs of miR-767-5p.ConclusionOur study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms governing the progression of IS from the perspective of immune-related ceRNA networks.
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Alzheimer's Disease Connected Genes in the Post-Ischemic Hippocampus and Temporal Cortex. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13061059. [PMID: 35741821 PMCID: PMC9222545 DOI: 10.3390/genes13061059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is considered that brain ischemia can be causative connected to Alzheimer’s disease. In the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus and temporal cortex, genes related to Alzheimer’s disease, such as the amyloid protein precursor (APP), β-secretase (BACE1), presenilin 1 (PSEN1) and 2 (PSEN2), are deregulated by ischemia. The pattern of change in the CA1 area of the hippocampus covers all genes tested, and the changes occur at all post-ischemic times. In contrast, the pattern of gene changes in the CA3 subfield is much less intense, does not occur at all post-ischemic times, and is delayed in time post-ischemia relative to the CA1 field. Conversely, the pattern of gene alterations in the temporal cortex appears immediately after ischemia, and does not occur at all post-ischemic times and does not affect all genes. Evidence therefore suggests that various forms of dysregulation of the APP, BACE1 and PSEN1 and PSEN2 genes are associated with individual neuronal cell responses in the CA1 and CA3 areas of the hippocampus and temporal cortex with reversible cerebral ischemia. Scientific data indicate that an ischemic episode of the brain is a trigger of amyloidogenic processes. From the information provided, it appears that post-ischemic brain injury additionally activates neuronal death in the hippocampus and temporal cortex in an amyloid-dependent manner.
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Effects of Anthraquinones on Immune Responses and Inflammatory Diseases. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123831. [PMID: 35744949 PMCID: PMC9230691 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The anthraquinones (AQs) and derivatives are widely distributed in nature, including plants, fungi, and insects, with effects of anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation, antibacterial and antiviral, anti-osteoporosis, anti-tumor, etc. Inflammation, including acute and chronic, is a comprehensive response to foreign pathogens under a variety of physiological and pathological processes. AQs could attenuate symptoms and tissue damages through anti-inflammatory or immuno-modulatory effects. The review aims to provide a scientific summary of AQs on immune responses under different pathological conditions, such as digestive diseases, respiratory diseases, central nervous system diseases, etc. It is hoped that the present paper will provide ideas for future studies of the immuno-regulatory effect of AQs and the therapeutic potential for drug development and clinical use of AQs and derivatives.
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Ballerini C, Njamnshi AK, Juliano SL, Kalaria RN, Furlan R, Akinyemi RO. Non-Communicable Neurological Disorders and Neuroinflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:834424. [PMID: 35769472 PMCID: PMC9235309 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.834424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury, stroke, and neurodegenerative diseases represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Africa, as in the rest of the world. Traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries specifically represent a leading cause of disability in the younger population. Stroke and neurodegenerative disorders predominantly target the elderly and are a major concern in Africa, since their rate of increase among the ageing is the fastest in the world. Neuroimmunology is usually not associated with non-communicable neurological disorders, as the role of neuroinflammation is not often considered when evaluating their cause and pathogenesis. However, substantial evidence indicates that neuroinflammation is extremely relevant in determining the consequences of non-communicable neurological disorders, both for its protective abilities as well as for its destructive capacity. We review here current knowledge on the contribution of neuroinflammation and neuroimmunology to the pathogenesis of traumatic injuries, stroke and neurodegenerative diseases, with a particular focus on problems that are already a major issue in Africa, like traumatic brain injury, and on emerging disorders such as dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Ballerini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alfred K. Njamnshi
- Brain Research Africa Initiative (BRAIN); Neurology Department, Central Hospital Yaounde/Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMBS), The University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Sharon L. Juliano
- Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University Hebert School (USUHS), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rajesh N. Kalaria
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Neuroscience and Ageing Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Roberto Furlan
- Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Roberto Furlan, ; Rufus O. Akinyemi,
| | - Rufus O. Akinyemi
- Neuroscience and Ageing Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Roberto Furlan, ; Rufus O. Akinyemi,
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217
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Tian Z, Ji X, Liu J. Neuroinflammation in Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: Current Evidence, Advances, and Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116224. [PMID: 35682903 PMCID: PMC9181710 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) is a major heterogeneous brain disease caused by multiple factors, and it is the second most common type of dementia in the world. It is caused by long-term chronic low perfusion in the whole brain or local brain area, and it eventually develops into severe cognitive dysfunction syndrome. Because of the disease’s ambiguous classification and diagnostic criteria, there is no clear treatment strategy for VCID, and the association between cerebrovascular pathology and cognitive impairment is controversial. Neuroinflammation is an immunological cascade reaction mediated by glial cells in the central nervous system where innate immunity resides. Inflammatory reactions could be triggered by various damaging events, including hypoxia, ischemia, and infection. Long-term chronic hypoperfusion-induced ischemia and hypoxia can overactivate neuroinflammation, causing apoptosis, blood–brain barrier damage and other pathological changes, triggering or aggravating the occurrence and development of VCID. In this review, we will explore the mechanisms of neuroinflammation induced by ischemia and hypoxia caused by chronic hypoperfusion and emphasize the important role of neuroinflammation in the development of VCID from the perspective of immune cells, immune mediators and immune signaling pathways, so as to provide valuable ideas for the prevention and treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengming Tian
- Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China;
| | - Xunming Ji
- Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Correspondence: (X.J.); (J.L.); Tel.: +86-13520729063 (J.L.)
| | - Jia Liu
- Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China;
- Correspondence: (X.J.); (J.L.); Tel.: +86-13520729063 (J.L.)
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Flash Presentations. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:72-107. [PMID: 35645156 PMCID: PMC9152584 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221096356a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Tetramethylpyrazine: A review on its mechanisms and functions. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:113005. [PMID: 35483189 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort (known as Chuanxiong in China, CX) is one of the most widely used and long-standing medicinal herbs in China. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is an alkaloid and one of the active components of CX. Over the past few decades, TMP has been proven to possess several pharmacological properties. It has been used to treat a variety of diseases with excellent therapeutic effects. Here, the pharmacological characteristics and molecular mechanism of TMP in recent years are reviewed, with an emphasis on the signal-regulation mechanism of TMP. This review shows that TMP has many physiological functions, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptosis properties; autophagy regulation; vasodilation; angiogenesis regulation; mitochondrial damage suppression; endothelial protection; reduction of proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells; and neuroprotection. At present, TMP is used in treating cardiovascular, nervous, and digestive system conditions, cancer, and other conditions and has achieved good curative effects. The therapeutic mechanism of TMP involves multiple targets, multiple pathways, and bidirectional regulation. TMP is, thus, a promising drug with great research potential.
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Clark A, Zelmanovich R, Vo Q, Martinez M, Nwafor DC, Lucke-Wold B. Inflammation and the role of infection: Complications and treatment options following neurotrauma. J Clin Neurosci 2022; 100:23-32. [PMID: 35381478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2022.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury can have devastating consequences for patients and extended hospital stays and recovery course. Recent data indicate that the initial insult causes profound changes to the immune system and leads to a pro-inflammatory state. This alteration in homeostasis predisposes patients to an increased risk of infection and underlying autoimmune conditions. Increased emphasis has been placed on understanding this process both in the clinical and preclinical literature. This review highlights the intrinsic inflammatory conditions that can occur within the initial hospital stay, discusses long-term immune consequences, highlights emerging treatment options, and delves into important pathways currently being investigated with preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec Clark
- University of Central Florida, College of Medicine, Orlando, USA
| | | | - Quan Vo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Melanie Martinez
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Divine C Nwafor
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA
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Kochetov AG, Lyang OV, Zhirova IA, Ivoylov OO, Politidis RR, Novozhenova YV. Proinflammatory laboratory predictors of pneumonia in ischemic stroke patients: prospective study. TERAPEVT ARKH 2022; 94:491-496. [DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2022.04.201460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background. Bacterial pneumonia is a frequent complication of ischemic stroke at the hospital stage. The search for prognostic laboratory markers of pneumonia remains an urgent task, as it will allow to individualize the approach to the treatment and rehabilitation of such patients.
Aim. To investigate the prognostic significance of proteins of the acute phase of inflammation, as well as to evaluate them as early predictors of the development of pneumonia in patients with ischemic stroke.
Materials and methods. The study included 302 patients in the acute period of ischemic stroke. C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor , interleukin-6 (IL-6), neutrophil elastase, neopterin, serum amyloid A (SAA), secreted phospholipase type 2 (sPLA2) were determined in all patients on the first day by enzyme immunoassay. Statistical data processing was carried out using SPSS and Microsoft Excel software (USA).
Results. At the hospital stage, pneumonia developed in 82/302 patients (27.2%; 95% confidence interval 22.332.3%). The levels of CRP, IL-6, sPLA2, SAA and neopterin significantly differed in the presence and absence of pneumonia. Step-by-step logistic regression analysis revealed the significance of IL-6 and CRP concentrations in the prognosis of pneumonia. The threshold value of IL-6 concentration was 3.45 pg/ml (sensitivity 82.4%, specificity 66.7%). The prognostic value of a positive result (PPR) in the prognosis of pneumonia was 40%, a negative result (PNR) 92%. The threshold value of CRP was 1640 mg/l with a sensitivity of 65.8% and a specificity of 74.8%. The PPR of the threshold value of the concentration of CRP was 45%, PNR 80%.
Conclusion. The measurement of the concentration of IL-6 and CRP on the first day of ischemic stroke makes it possible to identify patients with the greatest risk of pneumonia at the hospital stage. The results of the work indicate the necessity to include CRP and IL-6 in the list of mandatory laboratory tests that should be carried out for each patient with ischemic stroke on the first day from the onset of the disease.
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Guo N, Zhu Y, Tian D, Zhao Y, Zhang C, Mu C, Han C, Zhu R, Liu X. Role of diet in stroke incidence: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of prospective observational studies. BMC Med 2022; 20:194. [PMID: 35606791 PMCID: PMC9128224 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02381-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is one of the major challenges for the global healthcare system, which makes it necessary to explore the relationship between various modifiable factors and stroke risk. Recently, numerous meta-analyses of prospective observational studies have reported that dietary factors played a key role in the occurrence of stroke. However, the conclusions of previous studies have remained controversial and unclear. Accordingly, we conducted an umbrella review synthesizing and recalculating available evidence to assess the certainty of the associations between dietary factors and stroke. METHODS Relevant meta-analyses examining the associations between dietary factors and stroke were searched in PubMed and Embase databases up to September 1, 2021. For each eligible meta-analysis, two independent reviewers appraised the methodologic quality using the AMSTAR 2 criteria and estimated the summary effect size, 95% confidence intervals, 95% prediction intervals, heterogeneity between studies, and small-study effects. Moreover, we further assessed the associations between dietary factors and ischemic stroke as well as hemorrhagic stroke. Lastly, a set of pre-specified criteria was applied to qualitatively evaluate the epidemiological credibility of each dietary factor. RESULTS Overall, our umbrella review included 122 qualified meta-analyses for qualitative synthesis, involving 71 dietary factors related to food groups, foods, macronutrients, and micronutrients. Using the AMSTAR 2 criteria, 5 studies were assessed as high quality, 4 studies as moderate quality, and 113 studies as low or critically low quality. We identified 34 dietary factors associated with stroke occurrence, 25 dietary factors related to ischemic stroke, and 11 factors related to hemorrhagic stroke. Among them, high/moderate certainty epidemiological evidence demonstrated an inverse association between intake of fruits (RR: 0.90) and vegetables (RR: 0.92) and stroke incidence, but a detrimental association between red meat (RR: 1.12), especially processed red meat consumption (RR:1.17), and stroke incidence. Besides, the evidence of high/moderate certainty suggested that the intake of processed meat, fruits, coffee, tea, magnesium, and dietary fiber was associated with ischemic stroke risk, while consumption of tea, fruits, and vegetables was relevant to hemorrhagic stroke susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS Our study has reported that several dietary factors have a significant impact on stroke risk and offered a new insight into the relationship between dietary modification and stroke occurrence. Our results may provide an effective strategy for stroke prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Guo
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Dandan Tian
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Yating Zhao
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Chenguang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Changqing Mu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Chen Han
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Ruixia Zhu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.
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Guo T, Qin Z, He D. Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) as the Effect Modifiers to Modify the Association Between Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW) and Mortality in Critically Ill Patients With Stroke. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:754979. [PMID: 35559346 PMCID: PMC9086673 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.754979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Few studies have evaluated the impact of red blood cell distribution width (RDW) on prognosis for critically ill patients with acute stroke according to recent studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between RDW and mortality in these patients. Methods Clinical data were extracted from the eICU Collaborative Research Database (eICU-CRD) and analyzed. The exposure of interest was RDW measured at admission. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Binary logistic regression models and interaction testing were performed to examine the RDW-mortality relationship and effect modification by acute myocardial infarction and hypertension (HP). Results Data from 10,022 patients were analyzed. In binary logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for potential confounders, RDW was found to be independently associated with in-hospital mortality {odds ratio (OR) 1.07, [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03 to 1.11]; p = 0.001}. Higher RDW linked to an increase in mortality (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.11; P for trend < 0.0001). Subgroup analysis showed that, in patients combined with AMI and without HP (both P-interaction <0.05), the correlation between RDW and in-hospital mortality is stronger (AMI group: OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.58, not the AMI group: OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02, 1.10; the HP group: OR,.98; 95% CI,.91 to 1.07, not the HP group: OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.14). Conclusions A higher baseline RDW is independently correlated with prognosis in critically ill patients with acute stroke, and the correlation can be modified by AMI and HP duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongli Guo
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zuoan Qin
- Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Changde City, Changde, China
| | - Dian He
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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Felix FB, Vago JP, Beltrami VA, Araújo JMD, Grespan R, Teixeira MM, Pinho V. Biochanin A as a modulator of the inflammatory response: an updated overview and therapeutic potential. Pharmacol Res 2022; 180:106246. [PMID: 35562014 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Uncontrolled inflammation and failure to resolve the inflammatory response are crucial factors involved in the progress of inflammatory diseases. Current therapeutic strategies aimed at controlling excessive inflammation are effective in some cases, though they may be accompanied by severe side effects, such as immunosuppression. Phytochemicals as a therapeutic alternative can have a fundamental impact on the different stages of inflammation and its resolution. Biochanin A (BCA) is an isoflavone known for its wide range of pharmacological properties, especially its marked anti-inflammatory effects. Recent studies have provided evidence of BCA's abilities to activate events essential for resolving inflammation. In this review, we summarize the most recent findings from pre-clinical studies of the pharmacological effects of BCA on the complex signaling network associated with the onset and resolution of inflammation and BCA's potential protective functionality in several models of inflammatory diseases, such as arthritis, pulmonary disease, neuroinflammation, and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciel Batista Felix
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana Priscila Vago
- Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Vinícius Amorim Beltrami
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Grespan
- Cell Migration Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristovão, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Pinho
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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225
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Ouro A, Correa-Paz C, Maqueda E, Custodia A, Aramburu-Núñez M, Romaus-Sanjurjo D, Posado-Fernández A, Candamo-Lourido M, Alonso-Alonso ML, Hervella P, Iglesias-Rey R, Castillo J, Campos F, Sobrino T. Involvement of Ceramide Metabolism in Cerebral Ischemia. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:864618. [PMID: 35531465 PMCID: PMC9067562 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.864618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, caused by the interruption of blood flow to the brain and subsequent neuronal death, represents one of the main causes of disability in worldwide. Although reperfusion therapies have shown efficacy in a limited number of patients with acute ischemic stroke, neuroprotective drugs and recovery strategies have been widely assessed, but none of them have been successful in clinical practice. Therefore, the search for new therapeutic approaches is still necessary. Sphingolipids consist of a family of lipidic molecules with both structural and cell signaling functions. Regulation of sphingolipid metabolism is crucial for cell fate and homeostasis in the body. Different works have emphasized the implication of its metabolism in different pathologies, such as diabetes, cancer, neurodegeneration, or atherosclerosis. Other studies have shown its implication in the risk of suffering a stroke and its progression. This review will highlight the implications of sphingolipid metabolism enzymes in acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ouro
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Clara Correa-Paz
- Translational Stroke Laboratory Group (TREAT), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Elena Maqueda
- Neuroimaging and Biotechnology Laboratory (NOBEL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antía Custodia
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marta Aramburu-Núñez
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Daniel Romaus-Sanjurjo
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Adrián Posado-Fernández
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Candamo-Lourido
- Translational Stroke Laboratory Group (TREAT), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Luz Alonso-Alonso
- Neuroimaging and Biotechnology Laboratory (NOBEL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pablo Hervella
- Neuroimaging and Biotechnology Laboratory (NOBEL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ramón Iglesias-Rey
- Neuroimaging and Biotechnology Laboratory (NOBEL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Castillo
- Neuroimaging and Biotechnology Laboratory (NOBEL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco Campos
- Translational Stroke Laboratory Group (TREAT), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Tomás Sobrino
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Marín-Prida J, Liberato JL, Llópiz-Arzuaga A, Stringhetta-Padovani K, Pavón-Fuentes N, Leopoldino AM, Cruz OG, González IH, Pérez ML, Espuny AC, Santos WFDSD, Uyemura SA, Pardo-Andreu GL, Pentón-Rol G. Novel Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms Involved in the Neuroprotective Effects of C-Phycocyanin Against Brain Ischemia in Rats. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1187-1197. [PMID: 35524676 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220506145542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke produces a large health impact worldwide, with scarce therapeutic options. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to reveal the role of NADPH oxidase and neuroinflammatory genes on the cerebral anti-ischemic effects of C-Phycocyanin (C-PC), the chief biliprotein of Spirulina platensis. METHODS Rats with either focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) or acute brain hypoperfusion, received C-PC at different doses, or a vehicle, for up to 6 h post-stroke. Neurological, behavioral and histochemical parameters were assessed in I/R rats at 24 h. Cerebral gene expression and hippocampal neuron viability were evaluated in hypoperfused rats at acute (24 h) or chronic phases (30 days), respectively. A molecular docking analysis between NOX2 and C-PC-derived Phycocyanobilin (PCB) was also performed. RESULTS C-PC, obtained with a purity of 4.342, significantly reduced the infarct volume and neurologic deficit in a dose-dependent manner, and improved the exploratory activity of the I/R rats. This biliprotein inhibited NOX2 expression, a crucial NAPDH oxidase isoform in the brain, and the superoxide increase produced by the ischemic event. Moreover, C-PC-derived PCB showed a high binding affinity in silico with NOX2. C-PC downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory genes (IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-17A, CD74, CCL12) and upregulated immune suppressive genes (Foxp3, IL-4, TGF-β) in hypoperfused brain areas. This compound also decreased chronic neuronal death in the hippocampus of hypoperfused rats. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the inhibition of cerebral NADPH oxidase and the improvement of neuroinflammation are key mechanisms mediating the neuroprotective actions of C-PC against brain ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Marín-Prida
- Center for Research and Biological Evaluations, Institute of Pharmacy and Food, University of Havana, Havana
| | - José Luiz Liberato
- Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Literature of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Karina Stringhetta-Padovani
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Andréia Machado Leopoldino
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mariela León Pérez
- Isotopes Center, Ave. Monumental Km 3.5, San José de Las Lajas, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Antoni Camins Espuny
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Sergio Akira Uyemura
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilberto L Pardo-Andreu
- Center for Research and Biological Evaluations, Institute of Pharmacy and Food, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba
| | - Giselle Pentón-Rol
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba.,Latin American School of Medicine, Playa, Havana, Cuba
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Wang G, Zhou Y, Zhong T, Song A, Xue Q. Longitudinal variation of circulating Inc-ITSN1-2: A novel biomarker reflecting disease severity, inflammation, recurrence, and death risk in acute ischemic stroke patients. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24468. [PMID: 35500161 PMCID: PMC9169226 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long noncoding RNA intersectin 1–2 (lnc‐ITSN1‐2) regulates inflammation and neuronal apoptosis; meanwhile, the latter two factors participate in the pathogenesis of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Therefore, this study detected lnc‐ITSN1‐2 at multiple time points, aiming to explore its longitudinal variation and clinical value in the management of AIS patients. Methods The current study enrolled 102 AIS patients, then detected their lnc‐ITSN1‐2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) at baseline (D0), day (D)1, D3, D7, month (M)1, M3, M6, and year (Y)1 after admission using RT‐qPCR. Additionally, lnc‐ITSN1‐2 in PBMC of 50 controls was also detected. Results Lnc‐ITSN1‐2 was up‐regulated in AIS patients than that in controls (p < 0.001). Lnc‐ITSN1‐2 positively associated with NIHSS score, TNF‐α, and IL‐17A (all p < 0.050) but was not linked with IL‐6 (p = 0.093) in AIS patients. Notably, lnc‐ITSN1‐2 was gradually increased from D0 to D3; while it switched to decrease from D3 to Y1 in AIS patients. Lnc‐ITSN1‐2 disclosed similar longitudinal variation during 1 year in non‐recurrent (p < 0.001), recurrent (p = 0.001), and survived patients (p < 0.001), while the variation of lnc‐ITSN1‐2 in died patients was not obvious (p = 0.132). More importantly, lnc‐ITSN1‐2 at D0, D3, D7, M1, M3, M6, and Y1 was higher in recurrent AIS patients than that in non‐recurrent AIS patients (all p < 0.050); moreover, lnc‐ITSN1‐2 at D3, D7, M1, M3, and M6 was up‐regulated in died AIS patients than AIS survivors (all p < 0.050). Conclusion The dynamic variation of Inc‐ITSN1‐2 could serve as a biomarker reflecting disease severity, inflammatory cytokines, recurrence, and death risk in AIS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Tingting Zhong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Aixia Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Qian Xue
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
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228
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Wang Y, Wu H, Han Z, Sheng H, Wu Y, Wang Y, Guo X, Zhu Y, Li X, Wang Y. Guhong injection promotes post-stroke functional recovery via attenuating cortical inflammation and apoptosis in subacute stage of ischemic stroke. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 99:154034. [PMID: 35276592 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a leading cause of death and disability, alternative therapies for stroke are still limited by its complicated pathophysiological manifestations. Guhong injection (GHI), consisting of safflower aqueous extract and aceglutamide, has been widely applied for the clinical treatment of cerebrovascular diseases, especially ischemic stroke and post-stroke recovery, in China. Recently, a series of studies have reported the positive effect of GHI against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via targeting various molecular mechanisms. However, questions remain on whether treatment with GHI contributes to better functional recovery after stroke and if so, the potential mechanisms and active substances. PURPOSE The aim of this work was to explore the potential therapeutic possibilities of GHI for the neurological and behavioral recovery after stroke and to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms as well as active substances. METHODS The neural and motor deficits as well as cortical lesions after GHI treatment were investigated in a mouse model of transient ischemic stroke. Based on the substance identification of GHI, network pharmacology combined with an experimental verification method was used to systematically decipher the biological processes and signaling pathways closely related to GHI intervention in response to post-stroke functional outcomes. Subsequently, ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) analysis was performed to determine the anti-stroke active substances targeting to the hub targets involved in the significant molecular pathways regulated by GHI treatment. RESULTS Therapeutically, administration of GHI observably ameliorated the post-stroke recovery of neural and locomotor function as well as reduced infarct volume and histopathological damage to the cerebral cortex in subacute stroke mice. According to 26 identified or tentatively characterized substances in GHI, the compound-target-pathway network was built. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that inflammatory and apoptotic pathways were tightly associated with the anti-stroke effect of GHI. Based on protein-protein interaction network analysis, the hub targets (such as NF-κB p65, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3) involved in inflammation and apoptosis were selected. On the one hand, immunofluorescence and ELISA results showed that GHI (10 ml/kg) treatment obviously reduced NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation as well as decreased the abnormally elevated concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) in damaged cortex tissues. On the other hand, GHI (10 ml/kg) treatment significantly downregulated the number of TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells in ischemic cortex and effectively restored the abnormal expression of Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3. Based on the results of IPA, hydroxysafflor yellow A, baicalin, scutellarin, gallic acid, syringin, chlorogenic acid, kaempferol, kaempferol-3-O-β-rutinoside, and rutin acted synergistically on core targets, which could be considered as the active substances of GHI. CONCLUSION Overall, the current findings showed that the beneficial action of GHI on improving post-stroke functional recovery of subacute stroke mice partly via the modulation of cortical inflammation and apoptosis. These findings not only provide a reliable reference for the clinical application of GHI, but also shed light on a promising alternative therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yule Wang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Huimin Wu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Zhu Han
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Hongda Sheng
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Yuhan Wu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Yingchao Wang
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, 291 Fucheng Road, Qiantang District, Hangzhou 310020, China
| | - Xinran Guo
- School of Humanities and Management, Wannan Medical College, 34 Yinhunan Road, Jinghu District, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xuecai Li
- Tonghua Guhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 5099 Jianguo Road, Meihekou 135099, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310012, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China.
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Bourhy L, Mazeraud A, Bozza FA, Turc G, Lledo PM, Sharshar T. Neuro-Inflammatory Response and Brain-Peripheral Crosstalk in Sepsis and Stroke. Front Immunol 2022; 13:834649. [PMID: 35464410 PMCID: PMC9022190 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.834649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent therapeutic advances, ischemic stroke is still a leading cause of death and disability. There is renewed attention on peripheral inflammatory signaling as a way of modulating the post-ischemic neuro-inflammatory process. The immune-brain crosstalk has long been the focus for understanding the mechanisms of sickness behavior, which is an adaptive autonomic, neuroendocrine, and behavioral response to a peripheral inflammation. It is mediated by humoral and neural pathways that mainly involve the circumventricular organs and vagal nerve, respectively. In this review we address the question of how sepsis and stroke can dysregulate this adaptive response, notably by impairing the central integration of peripheral signaling, but also by efferent control of the immune response. We highlight the potential role of gut–brain and brain–spleen signaling in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Bourhy
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche (CNRS UMR) 3571, Perception and Memory Unit, Paris, France
| | - Aurélien Mazeraud
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche (CNRS UMR) 3571, Perception and Memory Unit, Paris, France.,Neuro-Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire (GHU) Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Fernando A Bozza
- National Institute of Infectious Disease Evandro Chagas (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Guillaume Turc
- Department of Neurology, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Marie Lledo
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche (CNRS UMR) 3571, Perception and Memory Unit, Paris, France
| | - Tarek Sharshar
- Neuro-Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire (GHU) Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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Ugidos IF, Pistono C, Korhonen P, Gómez-Budia M, Sitnikova V, Klecki P, Stanová I, Jolkkonen J, Malm T. Sex Differences in Poststroke Inflammation: a Focus on Microglia Across the Lifespan. Stroke 2022; 53:1500-1509. [PMID: 35468000 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.122.039138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and currently only few therapeutic options are available. Stroke is a sexually dimorphic disease contributing to the difficulty in finding efficient treatments. Poststroke neuroinflammation is geared largely by brain microglia and infiltrating peripheral immune cells and largely contributes to sex differences in the outcome of stroke. Microglia, since very early in the development, are sexually divergent, imprinting specific sex-related features. The diversity in terms of microglial density, morphology, and transcriptomic and proteomic profiles between sexes remains in the adulthood and is likely to contribute to the observed sex-differences on the postischemic inflammation. The impact of sexual hormones is fundamental: changes in terms of risk and severity have been observed for females before and after menopause underlining the importance of altered circulating sexual hormones. Moreover, aging is a driving force for changes that interact with sex, shifting the inflammatory response in a sex-dependent manner. This review summarizes the present literature on sex differences in stroke-induced inflammatory responses, with the focus on different microglial responses along lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene F Ugidos
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio (I.F.U., C.P., P.K., M.G.-B., V.S., P.K., I.S., J.J., T.M.).,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (I.F.U.)
| | - Cristiana Pistono
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio (I.F.U., C.P., P.K., M.G.-B., V.S., P.K., I.S., J.J., T.M.)
| | - Paula Korhonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio (I.F.U., C.P., P.K., M.G.-B., V.S., P.K., I.S., J.J., T.M.)
| | - Mireia Gómez-Budia
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio (I.F.U., C.P., P.K., M.G.-B., V.S., P.K., I.S., J.J., T.M.)
| | - Valeriia Sitnikova
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio (I.F.U., C.P., P.K., M.G.-B., V.S., P.K., I.S., J.J., T.M.)
| | - Pamela Klecki
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio (I.F.U., C.P., P.K., M.G.-B., V.S., P.K., I.S., J.J., T.M.)
| | - Iveta Stanová
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio (I.F.U., C.P., P.K., M.G.-B., V.S., P.K., I.S., J.J., T.M.)
| | - Jukka Jolkkonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio (I.F.U., C.P., P.K., M.G.-B., V.S., P.K., I.S., J.J., T.M.)
| | - Tarja Malm
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio (I.F.U., C.P., P.K., M.G.-B., V.S., P.K., I.S., J.J., T.M.)
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Sharma D, Spring KJ, Bhaskar SMM. Role of Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio in the Prognosis of Acute Ischaemic Stroke After Reperfusion Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis 2022; 14:11795735221092518. [PMID: 35492740 PMCID: PMC9052237 DOI: 10.1177/11795735221092518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation may mediate response to acute reperfusion therapy (RT) in acute
cerebral ischaemia. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), an inflammatory
biomarker, may play an important role in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS)
prognostication. Objective This meta-analysis sought to examine the effect of NLR on functional
outcomes, mortality and adverse outcomes in AIS patients receiving RT. Methods Individual studies were retrieved from PubMed/Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane
databases. Data were extracted using a standardised data sheet and
meta-analysis on association of admission (pre-RT) or delayed (post-RT) NLR
with clinical/safety outcomes after RT was conducted. Results Thirty-five studies (n = 10 308) were identified for the systematic review
with 27 (n = 8537) included in the meta-analyses. Lower admission NLR was
associated with good functional outcomes (GFOs), defined as 3-month modified
Rankin scale (mRS) 0–2 (SMD = −.46; 95% CI = −.62 to −.29; P < .0001),
mRS 0–1 (SMD = −.44; 95% CI = −.66 to −.22; P < .0001) and early
neurological improvement (ENI) (SMD = −.55; 95 %CI = −.84 to −.25; P <
.0001). Lower delayed admission NLR was also associated with GFOs (SMD =
−.80; 95%CI = −.91 to −.68; P < .0001). Higher admission NLR was
significantly associated with mortality (SMD = .49; 95%CI = .12 to .85; P =
.009), intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) (SMD = .34; 95% CI = .09 to .59; P =
.007), symptomatic ICH (sICH) (SMD = .48; 95% CI = .07 to .90; P = .022) and
stroke-associated infection or pneumonia (SMD = .85; 95% CI = .50, 1.19; P
< .0001). Higher delayed NLR was significantly associated with sICH (SMD
= 1.40; 95% CI = .60 to 2.19; P = .001), ICH (SMD = .94; 95% CI = .41 to
1.46; P < .0001) and mortality (SMD = 1.12; 95% CI = .57 to 1.67; P <
.0001). There were variations in outcomes across RT groups. Conclusion Higher admission or delayed NLR is significantly associated with worse
morbidity, mortality and safety outcomes in AIS patients receiving RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyansh Sharma
- Global Health Neurology and Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Sydney and Neurovascular Imaging Laboratory, Clinical Sciences Stream, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- South-Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kevin J. Spring
- South-Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia
- NSW Brain Clot Bank, NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Medical Oncology Group, Liverpool Clinical School, Western Sydney University and Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sonu M. M. Bhaskar
- Global Health Neurology and Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Sydney and Neurovascular Imaging Laboratory, Clinical Sciences Stream, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- South-Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia
- NSW Brain Clot Bank, NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Neurology & Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital and South-Western Sydney Local Health District, Comprehensive Stroke Center, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Integrated Network Pharmacology and UPLC/Q-TOF-MS Screen System to Exploring Anti-Inflammatory Active Components and Mechanism of Shunaoxin Pills. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2868767. [PMID: 35463086 PMCID: PMC9023156 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2868767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) is a pathological condition associated with a variety of cerebrovascular diseases. Shunaoxin pills (SNX) are a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) used to improve blood circulation. However, its multicomponent and multitarget features make it difficult to decipher the molecular mechanisms. Objective Thus, in this study, we aimed to identify the key anti-inflammatory components of SNX as markers for standardization and quality control and the potential pharmacological mechanisms of SNX in the treatment of CCI by network pharmacology to provide scientific evidence of its clinical efficacy. Methods We evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of SNX using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS) combined with a dual-luciferase reporter assay for nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) inhibition to identify the active components in SNX. In addition, key pathways involved in the anti-inflammatory effect of SNX were predicted using a network pharmacology approach, and some crucial proteins and pathways were further validated by Western blotting. Results Shunaoxin pills inhibited NF-κB through tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) stimulation in 293T cells. The therapeutic effect may be related to 10 pathways regulated by ligustilide, ferulic acid, ligustrazine, and senkyunolide I. It was further confirmed that ligustilide could reduce the inflammatory response by inhibiting the phosphorylation of p38 and 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1). Conclusions Ligustilide, senkyunolide I, ferulic acid, and ligustrazine could be used as anti-inflammatory Q-markers to control the quality of SNX, and p38 and PDK1 might be potential targets of SNX in the treatment of CCI.
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Chen J, Jin J, Li K, Shi L, Wen X, Fang F. Progresses and Prospects of Neuroprotective Agents-Loaded Nanoparticles and Biomimetic Material in Ischemic Stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:868323. [PMID: 35480961 PMCID: PMC9035592 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.868323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke remains the leading cause of death and disability, while the main mechanisms of dominant neurological damage in stroke contain excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation. The clinical application of many neuroprotective agents is limited mainly due to their inability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), short half-life and low bioavailability. These disadvantages can be better eliminated/reduced by nanoparticle as the carrier of these drugs. This review expounded the currently hot researched nanomedicines from the perspective of the mechanism of ischemic stroke. In addition, this review describes the bionic nanomedicine delivery strategies containing cells, cell membrane vesicles and exosomes that can effectively avoid the risk of clearance by the reticuloendothelial system. The potential challenges and application prospect for clinical translation of these delivery platforms were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfa Chen
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Radiology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Zhejiang Center for Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaiqiang Li
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Radiology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuehua Wen
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Radiology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xuehua Wen,
| | - Fuquan Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Fuquan Fang,
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Yang D, Shen J, Huang H, Wang J, Sun F, Zeng T, Qiu H, Xie H, Chen Y, Li S, Chen Y, Chen G, Weng Y. Elevated Albumin to Globulin Ratio on Day 7 is Associated with Improved Function Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients with Intravenous Thrombolysis. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:2695-2705. [PMID: 35505797 PMCID: PMC9057231 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s347026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Albumin to globulin ratio (A/G) has been established as a representative biomarker for assessing inflammation and nutritional status. However, the prognostic value of A/G has rarely been reported in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). Methods A total of 311 AIS patients who had undergone IVT and completed 3-month follow-up were retrospectively recruited in this study. Albumin (Alb), globulin (Glb) and A/G on admission, within 24 hours after IVT and on day 7 were recorded. Poor outcome was defined as death or major disability (modified Rankin Scale, 3–6) at 3 months. Results Among the 311 cases, 260 patients had admission blood samples, 296 cases had blood samples within 24 hours after IVT and 126 cases had blood samples on day 7. The patients with and without available blood samples were well-balanced. During the first 24 h, we observed A/G to increase significantly compared with baseline whereas at day 7 it was almost back to baseline in patients with a poor outcome. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analysis showed that A/G had a better performance in discriminating patients at high risk and low risk of a poor outcome than either Alb or Glb alone and carried the highest predictive ability on day 7 (AUC = 0.807). Lower 7-day A/G was independently associated with a poor outcome (per-SD increase, OR = 0.182, 95% CI: 0.074–0.446). Conclusion A/G is an important prognostic indicator for AIS outcomes and merits dynamic monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehao Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Dehao Yang, Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China, Email ; Yiyun Weng, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Jiamin Shen
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Honghao Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianing Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangyue Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haojie Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of the Second Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haobo Xie
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yilin Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengqi Li
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiqun Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangyong Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiyun Weng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
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235
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Tang T, Hu L, Liu Y, Fu X, Li J, Yan F, Cao S, Chen G. Sex-Associated Differences in Neurovascular Dysfunction During Ischemic Stroke. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:860959. [PMID: 35431804 PMCID: PMC9012443 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.860959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurovascular units (NVUs) are basic functional units in the central nervous system and include neurons, astrocytes and vascular compartments. Ischemic stroke triggers not only neuronal damage, but also dissonance of intercellular crosstalk within the NVU. Stroke is sexually dimorphic, but the sex-associated differences involved in stroke-induced neurovascular dysfunction are studied in a limited extend. Preclinical studies have found that in rodent models of stroke, females have less neuronal loss, stronger repairing potential of astrocytes and more stable vascular conjunction; these properties are highly related to the cerebroprotective effects of female hormones. However, in humans, these research findings may be applicable only to premenopausal stroke patients. Women who have had a stroke usually have poorer outcomes compared to men, and because stoke is age-related, hormone replacement therapy for postmenopausal women may exacerbate stroke symptoms, which contradicts the findings of most preclinical studies. This stark contrast between clinical and laboratory findings suggests that understanding of neurovascular differences between the sexes is limited. Actually, apart from gonadal hormones, differences in neuroinflammation as well as genetics and epigenetics promote the sexual dimorphism of NVU functions. In this review, we summarize the confirmed sex-associated differences in NVUs during ischemic stroke and the possible contributing mechanisms. We also describe the gap between clinical and preclinical studies in terms of sexual dimorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchi Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Libin Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Ultrasonography, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiongjie Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianru Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shenglong Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shenglong Cao,
| | - Gao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Gao Chen,
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236
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Hosseinian S, Ali Pour P, Kheradvar A. Prospects of mitochondrial transplantation in clinical medicine: aspirations and challenges. Mitochondrion 2022; 65:33-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Torzewski J, Brunner P, Ries W, Garlichs CD, Kayser S, Heigl F, Sheriff A. Targeting C-Reactive Protein by Selective Apheresis in Humans: Pros and Cons. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11071771. [PMID: 35407379 PMCID: PMC8999816 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11071771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP), the prototype human acute phase protein, may be causally involved in various human diseases. As CRP has appeared much earlier in evolution than antibodies and nonetheless partly utilizes the same biological structures, it is likely that CRP has been the first antibody-like molecule in the evolution of the immune system. Like antibodies, CRP may cause autoimmune reactions in a variety of human pathologies. Consequently, therapeutic targeting of CRP may be of utmost interest in human medicine. Over the past two decades, however, pharmacological targeting of CRP has turned out to be extremely difficult. Currently, the easiest, most effective and clinically safest method to target CRP in humans may be the specific extracorporeal removal of CRP by selective apheresis. The latter has recently shown promising therapeutic effects, especially in acute myocardial infarction and COVID-19 pneumonia. This review summarizes the pros and cons of applying this novel technology to patients suffering from various diseases, with a focus on its use in cardiovascular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Torzewski
- Cardiovascular Center Oberallgaeu-Kempten, Clinic Association Allgaeu, 87439 Kempten, Germany;
| | | | - Wolfgang Ries
- Medical Clinic, Diakonissenhospital Flensburg, 24939 Flensburg, Germany; (W.R.); (C.D.G.)
| | - Christoph D. Garlichs
- Medical Clinic, Diakonissenhospital Flensburg, 24939 Flensburg, Germany; (W.R.); (C.D.G.)
| | - Stefan Kayser
- Pentracor GmbH, 16761 Hennigsdorf, Germany; (P.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Franz Heigl
- Medical Care Center Kempten-Allgaeu, 87439 Kempten, Germany;
| | - Ahmed Sheriff
- Pentracor GmbH, 16761 Hennigsdorf, Germany; (P.B.); (S.K.)
- Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Medical Department, Charité University Medicine, 12200 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Zhou YX, Li WC, Xia SH, Xiang T, Tang C, Luo JL, Lin MJ, Xia XW, Wang WB. Predictive Value of the Systemic Immune Inflammation Index for Adverse Outcomes in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke. Front Neurol 2022; 13:836595. [PMID: 35370926 PMCID: PMC8971364 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.836595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose The systemic immune-inflammation index, a new index based on platelets, neutrophils and lymphocytes, has been shown to be associated with outcomes of patients with venous sinus thrombosis and cancer. However, its application in acute ischemic stroke has rarely been reported. Therefore, we examined the relationship between systemic immune-inflammation index levels at hospital admission and the outcomes of patients 3 months after onset, and plotted a nomogram to predict the probability of adverse outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods We retrospectively analyzed a total of 208 patients with acute ischemic stroke who were admitted between January 2020 and December 2020, and recorded the modified Rankin score 3 months later. A modified Rankin score ≥ 3 was defined as an adverse outcome. Age, sex, NIHSS score, SII, hypertension and coronary heart disease were included in the binary logistic regression, and the nomogram was plotted with a regression equation. Results Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated that the best cutoff value of the systemic immune-inflammation index was 802.8, with a sensitivity of 70.9% and specificity of 58.2% (area under the curve: 0.657, 95% confidence interval: 0.572–0.742). The nomogram had a C index of 0.802. The average error of the calibration curves of the training set and the validation set was 0.021 and 0.034, respectively. Conclusion The systemic immune-inflammation index is associated with short-term adverse outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke, and the nomograms can predict the risk of adverse outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Xiang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Wen-Cai Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Shao-Huai Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Ting Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Can Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Jia-Li Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Ming-Jian Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xue-Wei Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Wen-Bo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China
- *Correspondence: Wen-Bo Wang
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Zhang F, Wang Z, Sun B, Huang Y, Chen C, Hu J, Li L, Xia P, Ye Z. Propofol rescued astrocytes from LPS-induced inflammatory response via blocking LncRNA-MEG3/NF-κB axis. Curr Neurovasc Res 2022; 19:5-18. [PMID: 35297349 DOI: 10.2174/1567202619666220316112509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidences had demonstrated that propofol attenuated neuro-inflammation following brain ischemia. Moreover, LncRNA-MEG3 was identified as an independent prognostic marker for ischemic stroke patients, and was found to be correlated with cerebral ischemia in animal models. Therefore, the current study explored the role of propofol on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammation in cultured astrocytes, along with the molecular mechanism involved in LncRNA-MEG3/NF-κB axis. METHODS The primary cultured astrocytes isolated from rats were used to establish an inflammatory model, which were treated with LPS. Propofol was administrated to the primary cultured astrocytes during LPS treatment. The effect of propofol on pro-inflammatory cytokines and the LncRNA-MEG3/NF-κB pathway were detected by ELISA, qRT-PCR and Western Blot assay, respectively. Then, dual-luciferase assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation and RNA immunoprecipitation were used to determine the interaction between LncRNA-MEG3 and NF-κB. RESULTS Our study found that propofol significantly reduced LncRNA-MEG3 expression, which was elevated in LPS-stimulated astrocytes. Moreover, both propofol and LncRNA-MEG3 knockdown remarkably alleviated LPS-induced cytotoxicity by suppressing expressions and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Loss of LncRNA-MEG3 notably suppressed the NF-κB activity and its phosphorylated activation. Additionally, it was also observed that LncRNA-MEG3 could bind nuclear p65/p50, and promote the binding of NF-κB to IL-6 and TNF-α promoters in the nucleus, subsequently stimulating the production of inflammatory cytokines in LPS-treated astrocytes. Furthermore, a specific inhibitor of NF-κB, PDTC rescued astrocytes from LPS exposure without affecting LncRNA-MEG3 expression. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrated that LncRNA-MEG3 acted as a positive regulator of NF-κB, mediated the neuroprotection of propofol in LPS-triggered astrocytes injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Longyan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Pingping Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhi Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
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Rihal V, Khan H, Kaur A, Singh TG. Vitamin D as therapeutic modulator in cerebrovascular diseases: a mechanistic perspectives. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7772-7794. [PMID: 35285752 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2050349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to several major chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and cancer, linked to oxidative stress, inflammation, and aging. Vitamin D deficiency appears to be particularly harmful to the cardiovascular system, as it can cause endothelial dysfunctioning and vascular abnormalities through the modulation of various downstream mechanisms. As a result, new research indicates that therapeutic approaches targeting vitamin D inadequacies or its significant downstream effects, such as impaired autophagy, abnormal pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant reactions, may delay the onset and severity of major cerebrovascular disorders such as stroke and neurologic malformations. Vitamin D modulates the various molecular pathways, i.e., Nitric Oxide, PI3K-Akt Pathway, cAMP pathway, NF-kB Pathway, Sirtuin 1, Nrf2, FOXO, in cerebrovascular disorder. The current review shows evidence for vitamin D's mitigating or slowing the progression of these cerebrovascular disorders, which are significant causes of disability and death worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Rihal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Heena Khan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Amarjot Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
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Neuroelectric Mechanisms of Delayed Cerebral Ischemia after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063102. [PMID: 35328523 PMCID: PMC8951073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) remains a challenging but very important condition, because DCI is preventable and treatable for improving functional outcomes after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The pathologies underlying DCI are multifactorial. Classical approaches to DCI focus exclusively on preventing and treating the reduction of blood flow supply. However, recently, glutamate-mediated neuroelectric disruptions, such as excitotoxicity, cortical spreading depolarization and seizures, and epileptiform discharges, have been reported to occur in high frequencies in association with DCI development after SAH. Each of the neuroelectric disruptions can trigger the other, which augments metabolic demand. If increased metabolic demand exceeds the impaired blood supply, the mismatch leads to relative ischemia, resulting in DCI. The neuroelectric disruption also induces inverted vasoconstrictive neurovascular coupling in compromised brain tissues after SAH, causing DCI. Although glutamates and the receptors may play central roles in the development of excitotoxicity, cortical spreading ischemia and epileptic activity-related events, more studies are needed to clarify the pathophysiology and to develop novel therapeutic strategies for preventing or treating neuroelectric disruption-related DCI after SAH. This article reviews the recent advancement in research on neuroelectric disruption after SAH.
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Zhang J, Yang J, Hu J, Zhao W. Clinical value of serum JKAP in acute ischemic stroke patients. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24270. [PMID: 35274367 PMCID: PMC8993637 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Jun N‐terminal kinase pathway‐associated phosphatase (JKAP) regulates neuronal function, T helper (Th) 1/2/17 cell differentiation, and inflammatory process, but its clinical role in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients remains unclear. Hence, this study intended to evaluate JKAP level and its relationship with disease severity, Th1, 2, 17 secreted cytokines, adhesion molecules, and prognosis of AIS patients. Methods Serum JKAP of 122 AIS patients and 50 controls was detected by ELISA. For AIS patients only, Th1, 2, 17 secreted cytokines IFN‐γ, IL‐4, IL‐17; TNF‐α, ICAM‐1, and VCAM‐1 were also detected by ELISA. Results JKAP was decreased in AIS patients compared with controls (46.350 (interquartile range (IQR): 34.250–59.875) pg/ml vs. 84.500 (IQR: 63.175–113.275) pg/ml, p < 0.001), which could distinguish AIS patients from controls (area under curve (AUC): 0.810, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.732–0.888). In AIS patients, JKAP negatively linked with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score (rs = −0.342, p < 0.001); besides, it was positively related to IL‐4 (rs = 0.213, p = 0.018) and negatively associated with IL‐17 (rs = −0.270, p = 0.003) but not related to IFN‐γ (rs = −0.146, p = 0.109). Furthermore, elevated JKAP associated with declined TNF‐α (rs = −0.219, p = 0.015) and ICAM‐1 (rs = −0.235, p = 0.009) but not related to VCAM‐1 (rs = −0.156, p = 0.085). Besides, declined JKAP was linked with 2‐year recurrence (p = 0.027) and 3‐year recurrence (p = 0.010) in AIS patients; while JKAP was not related to 1‐year recurrence or death risk (both p > 0.050). Conclusion JKAP may sever as a candidate prognostic biomarker in AIS patients, indicating its potency for AIS management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Zhang
- Department of NeurologyLishui Municipal Central HospitalLishui Hospital of Zhejiang UniversityThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityLishuiChina
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of EndocrinologyZhuji People’s Hospital of Zhejiang ProvinceZhujiChina
| | - Jingchun Hu
- Department of AnesthesiologyLishui Municipal Central HospitalLishui Hospital of Zhejiang UniversityThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityLishuiChina
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- Department of RehabilitationThe First Hospital of JiaxingAffiliated Hospital of Jiaxing UniversityJiaxingChina
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243
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Berlet R, Galang Cabantan DA, Gonzales-Portillo D, Borlongan CV. Enriched Environment and Exercise Enhance Stem Cell Therapy for Stroke, Parkinson’s Disease, and Huntington’s Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:798826. [PMID: 35309929 PMCID: PMC8927702 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.798826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells, specifically embryonic stem cells (ESCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs), and neural progenitor stem cells (NSCs), are a possible treatment for stroke, Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Huntington’s disease (HD). Current preclinical data suggest stem cell transplantation is a potential treatment for these chronic conditions that lack effective long-term treatment options. Finding treatments with a wider therapeutic window and harnessing a disease-modifying approach will likely improve clinical outcomes. The overarching concept of stem cell therapy entails the use of immature cells, while key in recapitulating brain development and presents the challenge of young grafted cells forming neural circuitry with the mature host brain cells. To this end, exploring strategies designed to nurture graft-host integration will likely enhance the reconstruction of the elusive neural circuitry. Enriched environment (EE) and exercise facilitate stem cell graft-host reconstruction of neural circuitry. It may involve at least a two-pronged mechanism whereby EE and exercise create a conducive microenvironment in the host brain, allowing the newly transplanted cells to survive, proliferate, and differentiate into neural cells; vice versa, EE and exercise may also train the transplanted immature cells to learn the neurochemical, physiological, and anatomical signals in the brain towards better functional graft-host connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reed Berlet
- Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | | | - Cesar V. Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Cesar V. Borlongan,
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Wang N, Liu H, Tian M, Liang J, Sun W, Zhang L, Pei L, Liu K, Sun S, Wu J, Gao Y, Xu Y, Wang Y, Song B. A Nomogram That Includes Neutrophils and High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Can Predict the Prognosis of Acute Ischaemic Stroke. Front Neurol 2022; 13:827279. [PMID: 35280284 PMCID: PMC8914087 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.827279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are implicated in inflammatory responses affecting acute ischaemic stroke prognosis. Therefore, we aimed to develop a predictive model that considers neutrophils and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to predict its prognosis. This prospective study enrolled patients with acute ischaemic stroke within 24 h of onset between January 2015 and December 2017. The main outcome was a modified Rankin Scale score ≥3 at the 90th day of follow-up. Patients were divided into training and testing sets. The training set was divided into four states according to the median of neutrophils and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in all patients. Through binary logistic regression analysis, the relationship between factors and prognosis was determined. A nomogram based on the results was developed; its predictive value was evaluated through internal and external validations. Altogether, 1,090 patients were enrolled with 872 (80%) and 218 (20%) in the training and testing sets, respectively. In the training set, the major outcomes occurred in 24 (10.4%), 24 (11.6%), 37 (17.2%), and 49 (22.3%) in states 1–4, respectively (P = 0.002). Validation of calibration and decision curve analyses showed that the nomogram showed better performance. The internal and external testing set receiver operating characteristics verified the predictive value [area under the curve = 0.794 (0.753–0.834), P < 0.001, and area under the curve = 0.973 (0.954–0.992), P < 0.001, respectively]. A nomogram that includes neutrophils and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol can predict the prognosis of acute ischaemic stroke, thus providing us with an effective visualization tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbing Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengke Tian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenxian Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Luyang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lulu Pei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shilei Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yilong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yilong Wang
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Bo Song
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Platelet-Derived Drug Targets and Biomarkers of Ischemic Stroke-The First Dynamic Human LC-MS Proteomic Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11051198. [PMID: 35268287 PMCID: PMC8911047 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Objective: The aim of this dynamic LC-MS (liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry) human platelet proteomic study was to identify the potential proteins candidates for biomarkers of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), their changes during the acute phase of stroke and to define potential novel drug targets. (2) Methods: A total of 32 patients (18–80 years old) were investigated that presented symptoms of AIS lasting less than 24 h from the onset, confirmed by neurological examination and/or new cerebral ischemia visualized in the CT (computed-tomography) scans. The analysis of platelet proteome was performed using LC-MS at baseline, and then on the third and seventh day from the onset of symptoms. The control group was demographically matched without any clinical signs of acute brain injury. (3) Results: The differences between platelets, at 24 h after first symptoms of stroke subjects and the control group included: β-amyloid A4 and amyloid-like protein 2, coactosin-like protein, thymidine phosphorylase 4 (TYMP-4), interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7), vitamin K-dependent protein S, histone proteins (H2A type 1 and 1-A, H2A types 2B and J, H2Av, -z, and -x), and platelet basic protein. The dynamic changes in the platelet protein concentration involved thrombospondin-1, thrombospondin-2, filamin A, B, and C. (4) Conclusions: This is the first human dynamic LC-MS proteomic study that differentiates platelet proteome in the acute phase of ischemic stroke in time series and compares the results with healthy controls. Identified proteins may be considered as future markers of ischemic stroke or therapeutic drug targets. Thymidine phosphorylase 4 (TYMP-4) holds promise as an interesting drug target in the management or prevention of ischemic stroke.
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Yu H, Cai Y, Zhong A, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Xu S. The "Dialogue" Between Central and Peripheral Immunity After Ischemic Stroke: Focus on Spleen. Front Immunol 2022; 12:792522. [PMID: 34975893 PMCID: PMC8717871 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.792522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune response generated by the body after the incidence of ischemic stroke, runs through the comprehensive process of aftermath. During this process of ischemic stroke, the central neuroinflammation and peripheral immune response seriously affect the prognosis of patients, which has been the focus of research in recent years. As this research scenario progressed, the "dialogue" between central nervous inflammation and peripheral immune response after ischemic stroke has become more closely related. It's worth noting that the spleen, as an important peripheral immune organ, plays a pivotal role in this dialogue. Multiple mechanisms have previously been reported for brain-spleen crosstalk after ischemic stroke. Further, neuroinflammation in the brain can affect the peripheral immune state by activating/inhibiting spleen function. However, the activation of the peripheral immune inflammatory response can work reversibly in the spleen. It further affects intracerebral neuroinflammation through the injured blood-brain barrier. Therefore, paying close attention to the role of spleen as the pivot between central and peripheral immunity in ischemic stroke may help to provide a new target for immune intervention in the treatment of ischemic stroke. In the present review, we reviewed the important role of spleen in central neuroinflammation and peripheral immune response after ischemic stroke. We summarized the relevant studies and reports on spleen as the target of immune intervention which can provide new ideas for the clinical treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchen Yu
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yichen Cai
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Aiqin Zhong
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunsha Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese, Tianjin, China
| | - Junping Zhang
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China
| | - Shixin Xu
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China
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Rastegar-moghaddam SH, Ebrahimzadeh-Bideskan A, Shahba S, Malvandi AM, Mohammadipour A. MicroRNA-22: a Novel and Potent Biological Therapeutics in Neurological Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:2694-2701. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02769-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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248
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Tooth Loss and the Incidence of Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:1088371. [PMID: 35198131 PMCID: PMC8860521 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1088371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Generally, as the population is aging, ischemic stroke is imposing rising social and economic burdens. On that basis, the early intervention and prevention of ischemic stroke turns out to be a major public health issue. Extensive studies have reached mixed conclusions regarding the correlation between tooth loss and ischemic stroke, as well as transient ischemic attack (TIA). In this paper, a systematic review and meta-analysis is presented where we have aimed to examine whether tooth loss is correlated with a higher incidence of ischemic stroke and TIA in adults. The systematical search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and The Cochrane library from the inception dates to September 23, 2021, by employing the keywords (i.e., tooth loss and ischemic stroke). Observational studies conducted in adults were included, in which people with and without tooth loss (Exposition and Comparison) were observed to determine the incidence of ischemic stroke/TIA (Outcome). The data were extracted, and the study quality was assessed by two reviewers independently. Moreover, a meta-analysis was conducted to obtain the risk ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs by adopting random-effects models. The major outcome was the incidence of ischemic stroke/TIA in adults with and without tooth loss. On the whole, four cohort studies and three case-control studies were covered, which involved 4,625,514 participants with 33,088 ischemic stroke/TIA cases. In cohort (adjusted RR = 2.58, 95% CI: 2.39-2.79, P < 0.00001, I 2 = 31%) and case-control studies (adjusted MD = -4.15, 95% CI: -6.09-(-2.22), P < 0.001, I 2 = 77%), a significant correlation was identified between tooth loss and ischemic stroke. The subgroup analyses reported that the results in case-control studies were generally consistent regardless of the selection of controls. This meta-analysis indicated a certain correlation between tooth loss and ischemic stroke.
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Huang P, Wan H, Shao C, Li C, Zhang L, He Y. Recent Advances in Chinese Herbal Medicine for Cerebral Ischemic Reperfusion Injury. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:688596. [PMID: 35111041 PMCID: PMC8801784 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.688596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury (CI/RI) is a critical factor that leads to a poor prognosis in patients with ischemic stroke. It is an extremely complicated pathological process that is clinically characterized by high rates of disability and mortality. Current available treatments for CI/RI, including mechanical and drug therapies, are often accompanied by significant side effects. Therefore, it is necessary to discovery new strategies for treating CI/RI. Many studies confirm that Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) was used as a potential drug for treatment of CI/RI with the advantages of abundant resources, good efficacy, and few side effects. In this paper, we investigate the latest drug discoveries and advancements on CI/RI, make an overview of relevant CHM, and systematically summarize the pathophysiology of CI/RI. In addition, the protective effect and mechanism of related CHM, which includes extraction of single CHM and CHM formulation and preparation, are discussed. Moreover, an outline of the limitations of CHM and the challenges we faced are also presented. This review will be helpful for researchers further propelling the advancement of drugs and supplying more knowledge to support the application of previous discoveries in clinical drug applications against CI/RI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haitong Wan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chongyu Shao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Nasa P. Outcome of Hemorrhagic Stroke: Host Immune Response can Be a Prediction Tool! Indian J Crit Care Med 2022. [PMID: 35110832 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-24095.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
How to cite this article: Nasa P. Outcome of Hemorrhagic Stroke: Host Immune Response can Be a Prediction Tool! Indian J Crit Care Med 2022;26(1):2-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Nasa
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, NMC Specialty Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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