201
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Qi X, Li Q, Che X, Wang Q, Wu G. Application of Regulatory Cell Death in Cancer: Based on Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:837293. [PMID: 35359956 PMCID: PMC8960167 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.837293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of cancer treatment methods is constantly changing. For common cancers, our treatment methods are still based on conventional treatment methods, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted drug therapy. Nevertheless, the emergence of tumor resistance has a negative impact on treatment. Regulated cell death is a gene-regulated mode of programmed cell death. After receiving specific signal transduction, cells change their physical and chemical properties and the extracellular microenvironment, resulting in structural destruction and decomposition. As research accumulates, we now know that by precisely inducing specific cell death patterns, we can treat cancer with less collateral damage than other treatments. Many newly discovered types of RCD are thought to be useful for cancer treatment. However, some experimental results suggest that some RCDs are not sensitive to cancer cell death, and some may even promote cancer progression. This review summarizes the discovered types of RCDs, reviews their clinical efficacy in cancer treatment, explores their anticancer mechanisms, and discusses the feasibility of some newly discovered RCDs for cancer treatment in combination with the immune and tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qifei Wang
- *Correspondence: Guangzhen Wu, ; Qifei Wang,
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202
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Fanfone D, Wu Z, Mammi J, Berthenet K, Neves D, Weber K, Halaburkova A, Virard F, Bunel F, Jamard C, Hernandez-Vargas H, Tait SWG, Hennino A, Ichim G. Confined migration promotes cancer metastasis through resistance to anoikis and increased invasiveness. eLife 2022; 11:e73150. [PMID: 35256052 PMCID: PMC8903834 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical stress is known to fuel several hallmarks of cancer, ranging from genome instability to uncontrolled proliferation or invasion. Cancer cells are constantly challenged by mechanical stresses not only in the primary tumour but also during metastasis. However, this latter has seldom been studied with regards to mechanobiology, in particular resistance to anoikis, a cell death programme triggered by loss of cell adhesion. Here, we show in vitro that migrating breast cancer cells develop resistance to anoikis following their passage through microporous membranes mimicking confined migration (CM), a mechanical constriction that cancer cells encounter during metastasis. This CM-induced resistance was mediated by Inhibitory of Apoptosis Proteins, and sensitivity to anoikis could be restored after their inhibition using second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (SMAC) mimetics. Anoikis-resistant mechanically stressed cancer cells displayed enhanced cell motility and evasion from natural killer cell-mediated immune surveillance, as well as a marked advantage to form lung metastatic lesions in mice. Our findings reveal that CM increases the metastatic potential of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Fanfone
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), INSERM 1052, CNRSLyonFrance
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, part of LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de LyonLyonFrance
| | - Zhichong Wu
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), INSERM 1052, CNRSLyonFrance
- Université Lyon 1, VilleurbanneVilleurbanneFrance
- Centre Léon BérardLyonFrance
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jade Mammi
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), INSERM 1052, CNRSLyonFrance
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, part of LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de LyonLyonFrance
| | - Kevin Berthenet
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), INSERM 1052, CNRSLyonFrance
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, part of LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de LyonLyonFrance
- Centre Léon BérardLyonFrance
| | | | - Kathrin Weber
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), INSERM 1052, CNRSLyonFrance
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, part of LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de LyonLyonFrance
| | - Andrea Halaburkova
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), INSERM 1052, CNRSLyonFrance
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, part of LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de LyonLyonFrance
| | - François Virard
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), INSERM 1052, CNRSLyonFrance
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté d’Odontologie, Hospices Civils de LyonLyonFrance
| | - Félix Bunel
- ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de PhysiqueLyonFrance
| | - Catherine Jamard
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), INSERM 1052, CNRSLyonFrance
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, part of LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de LyonLyonFrance
| | - Hector Hernandez-Vargas
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), INSERM 1052, CNRSLyonFrance
- Centre Léon BérardLyonFrance
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1LyonFrance
| | - Stephen WG Tait
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Ana Hennino
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), INSERM 1052, CNRSLyonFrance
- Université Lyon 1, VilleurbanneVilleurbanneFrance
- Centre Léon BérardLyonFrance
| | - Gabriel Ichim
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), INSERM 1052, CNRSLyonFrance
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, part of LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de LyonLyonFrance
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203
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Sharma V, Letson J, Furuta S. Fibrous stroma: Driver and passenger in cancer development. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabg3449. [PMID: 35258999 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abg3449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cumulative evidence shows that fibrogenic stroma and stiff extracellular matrix (ECM) not only result from tumor growth but also play pivotal roles in cellular transformation and tumor initiation. This emerging concept may largely account for the increased cancer risk associated with environmental fibrogenic agents, such as asbestos and silica, and with chronic conditions that are fibrogenic, such as obesity and diabetes. It may also contribute to poor outcomes in patients treated with certain chemotherapeutics that can promote fibrosis, such as bleomycin and methotrexate. Although the mechanistic details of this phenomenon are still being unraveled, we provide an overview of the experimental evidence linking fibrogenic stroma and tumor initiation. In this Review, we will summarize the causes and consequences of fibrous stroma and how this stromal cue is transmitted to the nuclei of parenchymal cells through a physical continuum from the ECM to chromatin, as well as ECM-dependent biochemical signaling that contributes to cellular transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Sharma
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Joshua Letson
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Saori Furuta
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH 43614, USA
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204
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Bandzerewicz A, Gadomska-Gajadhur A. Into the Tissues: Extracellular Matrix and Its Artificial Substitutes: Cell Signalling Mechanisms. Cells 2022; 11:914. [PMID: 35269536 PMCID: PMC8909573 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of orderly structures, such as tissues and organs is made possible by cell adhesion, i.e., the process by which cells attach to neighbouring cells and a supporting substance in the form of the extracellular matrix. The extracellular matrix is a three-dimensional structure composed of collagens, elastin, and various proteoglycans and glycoproteins. It is a storehouse for multiple signalling factors. Cells are informed of their correct connection to the matrix via receptors. Tissue disruption often prevents the natural reconstitution of the matrix. The use of appropriate implants is then required. This review is a compilation of crucial information on the structural and functional features of the extracellular matrix and the complex mechanisms of cell-cell connectivity. The possibilities of regenerating damaged tissues using an artificial matrix substitute are described, detailing the host response to the implant. An important issue is the surface properties of such an implant and the possibilities of their modification.
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205
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Kim JS, Lim STS. LED Light-Induced ROS Differentially Regulates Focal Adhesion Kinase Activity in HaCaT Cell Viability. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:1235-1246. [PMID: 35723305 PMCID: PMC8947587 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44030082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, changes in cell signaling mechanisms in skin cells induced by various wavelengths and intensities of light-emitting diodes (LED) were investigated, focusing on the activity of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in particular. We examined the effect of LED irradiation on cell survival, the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the activity of various cell-signaling proteins. Red LED light increased cell viability at all intensities, whereas strong green and blue LED light reduced cell viability, and this effect was reversed by NAC or DPI treatment. Red LED light caused an increase in ROS formation according to the increase in the intensity of the LED light, and green and blue LED lights led to sharp increases in ROS formation. In the initial reaction to LEDs, red LED light only increased the phosphorylation of FAK and extracellular-signal regulated protein kinase (ERK), whereas green and blue LED lights increased the phosphorylation of inhibitory-κB Kinase α (IKKα), c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. The phosphorylation of these intracellular proteins was reduced via FAK inhibitor, NAC, and DPI treatments. Even after 24 h of LED irradiation, the activity of FAK and ERK appeared in cells treated with red LED light but did not appear in cells treated with green and blue LED lights. Furthermore, the activity of caspase-3 was confirmed along with cell detachment. Therefore, our results suggest that red LED light induced mitogenic effects via low levels of ROS–FAK–ERK, while green and blue LED lights induced cytotoxic effects via cellular stress and apoptosis signaling resulting from high levels of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Sub Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong 27909, Chungbuk, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-S.K.); (S.-T.S.L.)
| | - Ssang-Taek Steve Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
- Correspondence: (J.-S.K.); (S.-T.S.L.)
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206
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Juárez-Cruz JC, Okoniewski M, Ramírez M, Ortuño-Pineda C, Navarro-Tito N, Castañeda-Saucedo E. Chronic Leptin Treatment Induces Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in MCF10A Mammary Epithelial Cells. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2022; 27:19-36. [PMID: 35195812 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-022-09515-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a cytokine-like hormone that functions as a link between obesity and breast cancer (BC). Leptin treatment induces Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in BC cell lines. In non-tumoral breast epithelial MCF10A cells, acute leptin treatment induces partial EMT. However, the effect of chronic leptin treatment on EMT in non-tumorigenic breast cells has not been fully explored. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of chronic leptin treatment on the induction of EMT in MCF10A cells. We found that chronic leptin treatment induces a switch from an epithelial to a mesenchymal morphology, partial loss of E-cadherin and gain of vimentin expression. Immunolocalization experiments showed a partial loss of E-cadherin at cell junctions and increased cytoplasmic localization of vimentin in leptin-treated cells. Moreover, chronic leptin treatment increased collective cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, when cultured in non-adherent conditions leptin treated cells exhibited reduced cell aggregation, increased survival, and decreased apoptosis, which correlates with increased FAK and AKT phosphorylation. Finally, bioinformatic analysis in two publicly available RNAseq datasets from normal breast tissue shows that high levels of leptin mRNA correlate positively with the expression of mesenchymal markers, and negatively with epithelial markers. Thus, our results demonstrate that chronic leptin treatment induces EMT in non-tumorigenic MCF10A cells and suggest that high leptin expression in normal breast tissue may induce EMT and contribute to increased risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Juárez-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer. Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero. Av. Lázaro Cárdenas S/N Ciudad Universitaria. C.P, 39087, Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Guerrero, México
| | | | - Mónica Ramírez
- CONACYT, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Guerrero, México
| | - Carlos Ortuño-Pineda
- Laboratorio de Ácidos Nucleicos y Proteínas. Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Guerrero, México
| | - Napoleón Navarro-Tito
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer. Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero. Av. Lázaro Cárdenas S/N Ciudad Universitaria. C.P, 39087, Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Guerrero, México
| | - Eduardo Castañeda-Saucedo
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer. Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero. Av. Lázaro Cárdenas S/N Ciudad Universitaria. C.P, 39087, Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Guerrero, México.
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207
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Vougioukalaki M, Georgila K, Athanasiadis EI, Eliopoulos AG. Cell adhesion tunes inflammatory TPL2 kinase signal transduction. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:156. [PMID: 35218437 PMCID: PMC11072766 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04130-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Signaling through adhesion-related molecules is important for cancer growth and metastasis and cancer cells are resistant to anoikis, a form of cell death ensued by cell detachment from the extracellular matrix. Herein, we report that detached carcinoma cells and immortalized fibroblasts display defects in TNF and CD40 ligand (CD40L)-induced MEK-ERK signaling. Cell detachment results in reduced basal levels of the MEK kinase TPL2, compromises TPL2 activation and sensitizes carcinoma cells to death-inducing receptor ligands, mimicking the synthetic lethal interactions between TPL2 inactivation and TNF or CD40L stimulation. Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK), which is activated in focal adhesions and mediates anchorage-dependent survival signaling, was found to sustain steady state TPL2 protein levels and to be required for TNF-induced TPL2 signal transduction. We show that when FAK levels are reduced, as seen in certain types of malignancy or malignant cell populations, the formation of cIAP2:RIPK1 complexes increases, leading to reduced TPL2 expression levels by a dual mechanism: first, by the reduction in the levels of NF-κΒ1 which is required for TPL2 stability; second, by the engagement of an RelA NF-κΒ pathway that elevates interleukin-6 production, leading to activation of STAT3 and its transcriptional target SKP2 which functions as a TPL2 E3 ubiquitin ligase. These data underscore a new mode of regulation of TNF family signal transduction on the TPL2-MEK-ERK branch by adhesion-related molecules that may have important ramifications for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vougioukalaki
- Division of Basic Sciences, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion, Greece
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Konstantina Georgila
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil I Athanasiadis
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aristides G Eliopoulos
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece.
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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208
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Yin J, Wang J, Zhang X, Liao Y, Luo W, Wang S, Ding J, Huang J, Chen M, Wang W, Fang S, Chao J. A missing piece of the puzzle in pulmonary fibrosis: anoikis resistance promotes fibroblast activation. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:21. [PMID: 35216634 PMCID: PMC8881884 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00761-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary fibrosis initiates a pneumonic cascade that leads to fibroblast dysfunction characterized by excess proliferation. Anoikis is a physiological process that ensures tissue development and homeostasis. Researchers have not clearly determined whether disruption of anoikis is involved in pulmonary fibrosis. Results Here, we investigated the mechanism by which silica induces fibroblast activation via anoikis resistance and subsequent fibrosis. Anoikis of lung fibroblasts, alveolar epithelial cells and endothelial cells during the process of fibrosis was detected using CCK-8, western blot, cell count and flow cytometry (FCM) assays. Although the three cell types showed similar increases in proliferation, the expression of NTRK2, a marker of anoikis resistance, was upregulated specifically in fibroblasts, indicating the unique proliferation mechanism of fibroblasts in pulmonary fibrosis, which may be related to anoikis resistance. Furthermore, the CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to investigate the molecular mechanism of anoikis resistance; the SiO2-induced inflammatory response activated the MAPK/PI3K signaling pathway in lung fibroblasts and then induced the expression of the ZC3H4 protein, which specifically mediated anoikis resistance, followed by pulmonary fibrosis. Conclusions The current study revealed a specific pattern of fibroblast proliferation, and strategies targeting anoikis resistance may inhibit the pathological process of pulmonary fibrosis. This result provides a new approach for treating pulmonary fibrosis and new insights into the potential application of ZC3H4 in the development of novel therapeutic strategies for mitigating pulmonary fibrosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-022-00761-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yin
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, #87 Dingjiaqiao Rd, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, #87 Dingjiaqiao Rd, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, #87 Dingjiaqiao Rd, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Liao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, #87 Dingjiaqiao Rd, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, #87 Dingjiaqiao Rd, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sha Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, #87 Dingjiaqiao Rd, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiawei Ding
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, #87 Dingjiaqiao Rd, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, #87 Dingjiaqiao Rd, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengling Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, #87 Dingjiaqiao Rd, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Chest Hospital, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shencun Fang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Chest Hospital, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jie Chao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, #87 Dingjiaqiao Rd, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China. .,School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, 712082, Shanxi, China.
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209
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Habib EB, Mathavarajah S, Dellaire G. Tinker, Tailor, Tumour Suppressor: The Many Functions of PRP4K. Front Genet 2022; 13:839963. [PMID: 35281802 PMCID: PMC8912934 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.839963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-mRNA processing factor 4 kinase (PRP4K, also known as PRPF4B) is an essential kinase first identified in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe that is evolutionarily conserved from amoebae to animals. During spliceosomal assembly, PRP4K interacts with and phosphorylates PRPF6 and PRPF31 to facilitate the formation of the spliceosome B complex. However, over the past decade additional evidence has emerged that PRP4K has many diverse cellular roles beyond splicing that contribute to tumour suppression and chemotherapeutic responses in mammals. For example, PRP4K appears to play roles in regulating transcription and the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), a key pathway in maintaining chromosomes stability and the response of cancer cells to taxane-based chemotherapy. In addition, PRP4K has been revealed to be a haploinsufficient tumour suppressor that promotes aggressive cancer phenotypes when partially depleted. PRP4K is regulated by both the HER2 and estrogen receptor, and its partial loss increases resistance to the taxanes in multiple malignancies including cervical, breast and ovarian cancer. Moreover, ovarian and triple negative breast cancer patients harboring tumours with low PRP4K expression exhibit worse overall survival. The depletion of PRP4K also enhances both Yap and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling, the latter promoting anoikis resistance in breast and ovarian cancer. Finally, PRP4K is negatively regulated during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process that promotes increased cell motility, drug resistance and cancer metastasis. Thus, as we discuss in this review, PRP4K likely plays evolutionarily conserved roles not only in splicing but in a number of cellular pathways that together contribute to tumour suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias B. Habib
- Dalhousie University, Department of Pathology, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Graham Dellaire
- Dalhousie University, Department of Pathology, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
- *Correspondence: Graham Dellaire,
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210
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Dotse E, Lim KH, Wang M, Wijanarko KJ, Chow KT. An Immunological Perspective of Circulating Tumor Cells as Diagnostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:323. [PMID: 35207611 PMCID: PMC8878951 DOI: 10.3390/life12020323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune modulation is a hallmark of cancer. Cancer-immune interaction shapes the course of disease progression at every step of tumorigenesis, including metastasis, of which circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are regarded as an indicator. These CTCs are a heterogeneous population of tumor cells that have disseminated from the tumor into circulation. They have been increasingly studied in recent years due to their importance in diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of treatment response. Ample evidence demonstrates that CTCs interact with immune cells in circulation, where they must evade immune surveillance or modulate immune response. The interaction between CTCs and the immune system is emerging as a critical point by which CTCs facilitate metastatic progression. Understanding the complex crosstalk between the two may provide a basis for devising new diagnostic and treatment strategies. In this review, we will discuss the current understanding of CTCs and the complex immune-CTC interactions. We also present novel options in clinical interventions, targeting the immune-CTC interfaces, and provide some suggestions on future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Dotse
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (E.D.); (K.H.L.); (M.W.)
| | - King H. Lim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (E.D.); (K.H.L.); (M.W.)
| | - Meijun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (E.D.); (K.H.L.); (M.W.)
| | - Kevin Julio Wijanarko
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kwan T. Chow
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (E.D.); (K.H.L.); (M.W.)
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211
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Liu J, Huang X, Huang L, Huang J, Liang D, Liao L, Deng Y, Zhang L, Zhang B, Tang W. Organoid: Next-Generation Modeling of Cancer Research and Drug Development. Front Oncol 2022; 11:826613. [PMID: 35155215 PMCID: PMC8831330 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.826613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma is a highly prevalent and heterogeneous gastrointestinal malignancy. The emergence of organoid technology has provided a new direction for colorectal cancer research. As a novel-type model, organoid has significant advantages compared with conventional tumor research models, characterized with the high success rate of construction and the high matching with the original tumor. These characteristics provide new possibilities to study the mechanism of colorectal carcinogenesis and improve the treatment effects. The present literature would mainly summarize the characteristics of tumor organoids and the up-to-date technique development of patient-derived organoids (PDOs) and application in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungang Liu
- Division of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoliang Huang
- Division of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Lihaoyun Huang
- Division of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Jinlian Huang
- Division of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Dingyu Liang
- Division of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Lixian Liao
- Division of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Yuqing Deng
- Division of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Division of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Weizhong Tang
- Division of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
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212
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Chen X, Zhang X, Jiang Y, Zhang X, Liu M, Wang S, Liu S, Liang H, Liu C. YAP1 activation promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cell survival of renal cell carcinoma cells under shear stress. Carcinogenesis 2022; 43:301-310. [PMID: 35147702 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgac014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is characterized by substantial vasculatures and increased fluid movement in tumor microenvironment, and the fluid shear stress modulates malignance, extravasation and metastatic seeding of tumor cells. However, the precise mechanism remains largely unclear. In this study, we found that low shear stress induced the Yes-associated protein (YAP1) activation and nuclear localization in RCC cells, as well as the downregulation of phosphorylated YAP1 at Ser127. Moreover, inhibition of ROCK or RhoA partially abolished YAP1 accumulation in the nucleus, and targeting YAP1 activation by small molecular inhibitor or genetic manipulation decreased the low shear stress-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of RCC cells, and led to a decreased expression of N-cadherin as accompanied by downregulation of Snail1 and Twist, accompanied by high shear stress-induced cell apoptosis. Salvianolic acid B, an aqueous component of danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza), inhibited YAP1 and Hippo signaling activation, and abrogated low shear stress-induced EMT as a consequence. Taken together, our study suggests YAP1 is a fluid mechanosensor that transforms mechanical stimuli to cell signals, thereby facilitates anoikis resistance and tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Chen
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Yitong Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Functional laboratory, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Min Liu
- Functional laboratory, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Shanna Wang
- Functional laboratory, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Shaoqiong Liu
- Functional laboratory, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Haiyan Liang
- Functional laboratory, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Chunhua Liu
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
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213
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The concept of intrinsic versus extrinsic apoptosis. Biochem J 2022; 479:357-384. [PMID: 35147165 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Regulated cell death is a vital and dynamic process in multicellular organisms that maintains tissue homeostasis and eliminates potentially dangerous cells. Apoptosis, one of the better-known forms of regulated cell death, is activated when cell-surface death receptors like Fas are engaged by their ligands (the extrinsic pathway) or when BCL-2-family pro-apoptotic proteins cause the permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane (the intrinsic pathway). Both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis lead to the activation of a family of proteases, the caspases, which are responsible for the final cell demise in the so-called execution phase of apoptosis. In this review, I will first discuss the most common types of regulated cell death on a morphological basis. I will then consider in detail the molecular pathways of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis, discussing how they are activated in response to specific stimuli and are sometimes overlapping. In-depth knowledge of the cellular mechanisms of apoptosis is becoming more and more important not only in the field of cellular and molecular biology but also for its translational potential in several pathologies, including neurodegeneration and cancer.
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214
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Comparison of Lysis and Detachment Sample Preparation Methods for Cultured Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells Using UHPLC–HRMS-Based Metabolomics. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12020168. [PMID: 35208242 PMCID: PMC8879193 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of cellular metabolism is now a well-recognized hallmark of cancer. Studies investigating the metabolic features of cancer cells have shed new light onto processes in cancer cell biology and have identified many potential novel treatment options. The advancement of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics has improved the ability to monitor multiple metabolic pathways simultaneously in various experimental settings. However, questions still remain as to how certain steps in the metabolite extraction process affect the metabolic profiles of cancer cells. Here, we use ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC–HRMS) untargeted metabolomics to investigate the effects of different detachment and lysis methods on the types and abundances of metabolites extracted from MDA-MB-231 cells through the use of in-house standards libraries and pathway analysis software. Results indicate that detachment methods (trypsinization vs. scraping) had the greatest effect on metabolic profiles whereas lysis methods (homogenizer beads vs. freeze–thaw cycling) had a lesser, though still significant, effect. No singular method was clearly superior over others, with certain metabolite classes giving higher abundances or lower variation for each detachment–lysis combination. These results indicate the importance of carefully selecting sample preparation methods for cell-based metabolomics to optimize the extraction performance for certain compound classes.
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215
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Shi T, Zhang C, Xia S. The potential roles and mechanisms of non-coding RNAs in cancer anoikis resistance. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:1371-1380. [PMID: 35142950 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04384-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that anoikis resistance is a critical process for metastasis of cancer cells, making it the attractive therapeutic target for cancer benefit. Anoikis resistance is widely regulated by various factors, such as signaling pathways, integrins switch, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). ncRNAs composed of microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are frequently dysregulated in a variety of human malignancies and are closely related to anoikis resistance of cancer cells. Based on the available literature, we reviewed the molecular basis underlying ncRNAs modulating cancer cells anoikis resistance, which may contribute to a better understanding of cancer metastasis and provide new beneficial therapeutic strategies against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongguo Shi
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 178 East Ganjiang Road, Suzhou, China.
| | - Chuanqiang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangsu Shengze Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 1399 West Shichang Road, Suzhou, China
| | - Suhua Xia
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, China.
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216
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Mass cytometric and transcriptomic profiling of epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in human mammary cell lines. Sci Data 2022; 9:44. [PMID: 35140234 PMCID: PMC8828897 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01137-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) equips breast cancer cells for metastasis and treatment resistance. However, detection, inhibition, and elimination of EMT-undergoing cells is challenging due to the intrinsic heterogeneity of cancer cells and the phenotypic diversity of EMT programs. We comprehensively profiled EMT transition phenotypes in four non-cancerous human mammary epithelial cell lines using a flow cytometry surface marker screen, RNA sequencing, and mass cytometry. EMT was induced in the HMLE and MCF10A cell lines and in the HMLE-Twist-ER and HMLE-Snail-ER cell lines by prolonged exposure to TGFβ1 or 4-hydroxytamoxifen, respectively. Each cell line exhibited a spectrum of EMT transition phenotypes, which we compared to the steady-state phenotypes of fifteen luminal, HER2-positive, and basal breast cancer cell lines. Our data provide multiparametric insights at single-cell level into the phenotypic diversity of EMT at different time points and in four human cellular models. These insights are valuable to better understand the complexity of EMT, to compare EMT transitions between the cellular models used here, and for the design of EMT time course experiments. Measurement(s) | RNA-seq gene expression profiling assay • cell surface proteins • protein expression at the single-cell level • Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition • breast cancer cell • mammary gland epithelial cell | Technology Type(s) | mRNA Sequencing • Flow Cytometry • cytometry time of flight assay • Cell Culture | Factor Type(s) | protein level • gene expression • cell morphology | Sample Characteristic - Organism | Homo sapiens | Sample Characteristic - Environment | cell culture |
Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: 10.6084/m9.figshare.16989301
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217
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Platelet Membrane: An Outstanding Factor in Cancer Metastasis. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12020182. [PMID: 35207103 PMCID: PMC8875259 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In addition to being biological barriers where the internalization or release of biomolecules is decided, cell membranes are contact structures between the interior and exterior of the cell. Here, the processes of cell signaling mediated by receptors, ions, hormones, cytokines, enzymes, growth factors, extracellular matrix (ECM), and vesicles begin. They triggering several responses from the cell membrane that include rearranging its components according to the immediate needs of the cell, for example, in the membrane of platelets, the formation of filopodia and lamellipodia as a tissue repair response. In cancer, the cancer cells must adapt to the new tumor microenvironment (TME) and acquire capacities in the cell membrane to transform their shape, such as in the case of epithelial−mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the metastatic process. The cancer cells must also attract allies in this challenging process, such as platelets, fibroblasts associated with cancer (CAF), stromal cells, adipocytes, and the extracellular matrix itself, which limits tumor growth. The platelets are enucleated cells with fairly interesting growth factors, proangiogenic factors, cytokines, mRNA, and proteins, which support the development of a tumor microenvironment and support the metastatic process. This review will discuss the different actions that platelet membranes and cancer cell membranes carry out during their relationship in the tumor microenvironment and metastasis.
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218
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Shait Mohammed MR, Zamzami M, Choudhry H, Ahmed F, Ateeq B, Khan MI. The Histone H3K27me3 Demethylases KDM6A/B Resist Anoikis and Transcriptionally Regulate Stemness-Related Genes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:780176. [PMID: 35186918 PMCID: PMC8847600 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.780176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cancer cells that lose attachment from the extracellular matrix (ECM) to seed in a distant organ often undergo anoikis’s specialized form of apoptosis. Recently, KDM3A (H3K9 demethylase) has been identified as a critical effector of anoikis in cancer cells. However, whether other histone demethylases are involved in promoting or resisting anoikis remains elusive. We screened the major histone demethylases and found that both H3K27 histone demethylases, namely, KDM6A/B were highly expressed during ECM detachment. Inhibition of the KDM6A/B activity by using a specific inhibitor results in reduced sphere formation capacity and increased apoptosis. Knockout of KDM6B leads to the loss of stem cell properties in solitary cells. Furthermore, we found that KDM6B maintains stemness by transcriptionally regulating the expression of stemness genes SOX2, SOX9, and CD44 in detached cells. KDM6B occupies the promoter region of both SOX2 and CD44 to regulate their expression epigenetically. We also noticed an increased occupancy of the HIF1α promoter by KDM6B, suggesting its regulatory role in maintaining hypoxia in detached cancer cells. This observation was further strengthened as we found a significant positive association in the expression of both KDM6B and HIF1α in various cancer types. Overall, our results reveal a novel transcriptional program that regulates resistance against anoikis and maintains stemness-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Razeeth Shait Mohammed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazin Zamzami
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Firoz Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- University of Jeddah Centre for Scientific and Medical Research (UJ-`CSMR), University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bushra Ateeq
- Molecular Oncology Lab, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur (IIT-K), Kanpur, India
| | - Mohammad Imran Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Mohammad Imran Khan,
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219
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Hitsuda A, Dan R, Urakawa A, Hiraoka Y, Murakami C, Yamamoto H, Tanaka AR. 25-hydroxycholesterol-induced cell death via activation of ROCK/LIMK/cofilin axis in colorectal cancer cell spheroids. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 216:106037. [PMID: 34861388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.106037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
25-Hydroxycholesterol (25OHC) induces anchorage-dependent programmed cell death, or anoikis, in colorectal cancer cells but the mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we found that 25OHC induced cofilin phosphorylation and promoted rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton in spheroids of the colorectal cancer cell lines, DLD1 and HT29/WiDr. Cell death induced by 25OHC was inhibited by the actin polymerization inhibitor, cytochalasin D, and BMS-3, an inhibitor of LIMK, which phosphorylates and inactivates cofilin. In addition, we showed that cofilin phosphorylation induced by 25OHC was associated with caspase-3 activation, which can activate ROCK. Rho GTPase was directly activated by 25OHC. These results indicate that 25OHC affects actin dynamics through activation of the Rho/ROCK/LIMK/cofilin axis, eventuating in the cell death of colorectal cancer cell spheroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaho Hitsuda
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, 6-13-1 Yasuhigashi, Asaminami Ward, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan
| | - Reona Dan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, 6-13-1 Yasuhigashi, Asaminami Ward, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan
| | - Ayaka Urakawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, 6-13-1 Yasuhigashi, Asaminami Ward, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan
| | - Yasuna Hiraoka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, 6-13-1 Yasuhigashi, Asaminami Ward, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan
| | - Chiho Murakami
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, 6-13-1 Yasuhigashi, Asaminami Ward, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan
| | - Hideya Yamamoto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, 6-13-1 Yasuhigashi, Asaminami Ward, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan
| | - Arowu R Tanaka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, 6-13-1 Yasuhigashi, Asaminami Ward, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan.
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220
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Górska A, Mazur AJ. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK): the known vs. the unknown and perspectives. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:100. [PMID: 35089438 PMCID: PMC8799556 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04104-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a multifunctional molecular actor in cell-matrix interactions, cell adhesion, and anchorage-dependent cell growth. It combines functions of a signal transductor and a scaffold protein through its interaction with integrins, then facilitating further protein recruitment within the ILK-PINCH-Parvin complex. ILK is involved in crucial cellular processes including proliferation, survival, differentiation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis, which reflects on systemic changes in the kidney, heart, muscle, skin, and vascular system, also during the embryonal development. Dysfunction of ILK underlies the pathogenesis of various diseases, including the pro-oncogenic activity in tumorigenesis. ILK localizes mostly to the cell membrane and remains an important component of focal adhesion. We do know much about ILK but a lot still remains either uncovered or unclear. Although it was initially classified as a serine/threonine-protein kinase, its catalytical activity is now questioned due to structural and functional issues, leaving the exact molecular mechanism of signal transduction by ILK unsolved. While it is known that the three isoforms of ILK vary in length, the presence of crucial domains, and modification sites, most of the research tends to focus on the main isoform of this protein while the issue of functional differences of ILK2 and ILK3 still awaits clarification. The activity of ILK is regulated on the transcriptional, protein, and post-transcriptional levels. The crucial role of phosphorylation and ubiquitylation has been investigated, but the functions of the vast majority of modifications are still unknown. In the light of all those open issues, here we present an extensive literature survey covering a wide spectrum of latest findings as well as a past-to-present view on controversies regarding ILK, finishing with pointing out some open questions to be resolved by further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Górska
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Antonina Joanna Mazur
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland.
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221
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Wang QJ, Yuan XM. Role of coiled-coil domain containing proteins in development of gastric cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2022; 30:88-91. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v30.i2.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coiled-coil domain containing proteins (CCDCs) are a class of oligomeric proteins consisting of two or more coiled-coil domains. About 40 coiled coil family genes are associated with disease, and they can act as both pro-oncogenes and anti-oncogenes in the pathogenesis of tumors, regulating tumor proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. Therefore, they are closely related to tumor development. This paper reviews the recent progress in the understanding of the role of CCDCs in gastric cancer, and explores their different roles and functions in the development of this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Ji Wang
- Graduate School, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan 250000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xue-Min Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276000, Shandong Province, China
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222
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Chen H, Ma J, Liu J, Dou L, Shen T, Zuo H, Xu F, Zhao L, Tang W, Man Y, Ma Y, Li J, Huang X. Lysophosphatidylcholine disrupts cell adhesion and induces anoikis in hepatocytes. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:510-525. [PMID: 35043979 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine Beijing 100730 China
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics Beijing Institute of Geriatrics Institute of Geriatric Medicine Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology National Health Commission Beijing 100730 China
| | - Jiarui Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics Beijing Institute of Geriatrics Institute of Geriatric Medicine Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology National Health Commission Beijing 100730 China
| | - Jin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development Laboratory of Neuroscience and Brain Development College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Lin Dou
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics Beijing Institute of Geriatrics Institute of Geriatric Medicine Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology National Health Commission Beijing 100730 China
| | - Tao Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics Beijing Institute of Geriatrics Institute of Geriatric Medicine Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology National Health Commission Beijing 100730 China
| | - Huiyan Zuo
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics Beijing Institute of Geriatrics Institute of Geriatric Medicine Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology National Health Commission Beijing 100730 China
| | - Fangzhi Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics Beijing Institute of Geriatrics Institute of Geriatric Medicine Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology National Health Commission Beijing 100730 China
| | - Li Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics Beijing Institute of Geriatrics Institute of Geriatric Medicine Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology National Health Commission Beijing 100730 China
| | - Weiqing Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics Beijing Institute of Geriatrics Institute of Geriatric Medicine Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology National Health Commission Beijing 100730 China
| | - Yong Man
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics Beijing Institute of Geriatrics Institute of Geriatric Medicine Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology National Health Commission Beijing 100730 China
| | - Yanyan Ma
- Department of Scientific Research Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital Xining 810001 China
| | - Jian Li
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics Beijing Institute of Geriatrics Institute of Geriatric Medicine Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology National Health Commission Beijing 100730 China
| | - Xiuqing Huang
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine Beijing 100730 China
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics Beijing Institute of Geriatrics Institute of Geriatric Medicine Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology National Health Commission Beijing 100730 China
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223
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ATF4/CEMIP/PKCα promotes anoikis resistance by enhancing protective autophagy in prostate cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:46. [PMID: 35013120 PMCID: PMC8748688 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04494-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The survival of cancer cells after detaching from the extracellular matrix (ECM) is essential for the metastatic cascade. The programmed cell death after detachment is known as anoikis, acting as a metastasis barrier. However, the most aggressive cancer cells escape anoikis and other cell death patterns to initiate the metastatic cascade. This study revealed the role of cell migration-inducing protein (CEMIP) in autophagy modulation and anoikis resistance during ECM detachment. CEMIP amplification during ECM detachment resulted in protective autophagy induction via a mechanism dependent on the dissociation of the B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)/Beclin1 complex. Additional investigation revealed that acting transcription factor 4 (ATF4) triggered CEMIP transcription and enhanced protein kinase C alpha (PKCα) membrane translocation, which regulated the serine70 phosphorylation of Bcl-2, while the subsequent dissociation of the Bcl-2/Beclin1 complex led to autophagy. Therefore, CEMIP antagonization attenuated metastasis formation in vivo. In conclusion, inhibiting CEMIP-mediated protective autophagy may provide a therapeutic strategy for metastatic prostate cancer (PCa). This study delineates a novel role of CEMIP in anoikis resistance and provides new insight into seeking therapeutic strategies for metastatic PCa.
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224
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Fnu G, Weber GF. Alterations of Ion Homeostasis in Cancer Metastasis: Implications for Treatment. Front Oncol 2022; 11:765329. [PMID: 34988012 PMCID: PMC8721045 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.765329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that metastases from all malignancies are characterized by a core program of gene expression that suppresses extracellular matrix interactions, induces vascularization/tissue remodeling, activates the oxidative metabolism, and alters ion homeostasis. Among these features, the least elucidated component is ion homeostasis. Here we review the literature with the goal to infer a better mechanistic understanding of the progression-associated ionic alterations and identify the most promising drugs for treatment. Cancer metastasis is accompanied by skewing in calcium, zinc, copper, potassium, sodium and chloride homeostasis. Membrane potential changes and water uptake through Aquaporins may also play roles. Drug candidates to reverse these alterations are at various stages of testing, with some having entered clinical trials. Challenges to their utilization comprise differences among tumor types and the involvement of multiple ions in each case. Further, adverse effects may become a concern, as channel blockers, chelators, or supplemented ions will affect healthy and transformed cells alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulimirerouzi Fnu
- College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Georg F Weber
- College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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225
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Pshennikova ES, Voronina AS. Dormancy: There and Back Again. Mol Biol 2022; 56:735-755. [PMID: 36217335 PMCID: PMC9534470 DOI: 10.1134/s0026893322050119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Many cells are capable of maintaining viability in a non-dividing state with minimal metabolism under unfavorable conditions. These are germ cells, adult stem cells, and microorganisms. Unfortunately, a resting state, or dormancy, is possible for tuberculosis bacilli in a latent form of the disease and cancer cells, which may later form secondary tumors (metastases) in different parts of the body. These cells are resistant to therapy that can destroy intensely dividing cells and to the host immune system. A cascade of reactions that allows cells to enter and exit dormancy is triggered by regulatory factors from the microenvironment in niches that harbor the cells. A ratio of forbidding and permitting signals dictates whether the cells become dormant or start proliferation. The only difference between the cell dormancy regulation in normal and pathological conditions is that pathogens, mycobacteria, and cancer cells can influence their own fate by changing their microenvironment. Certain mechanisms of these processes are considered in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. S. Pshennikova
- Bakh Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - A. S. Voronina
- Bakh Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
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Chen YC, Chen CI, Chang CY, Huang BM, Chen YC. Clerodane diterpene induces apoptosis/anoikis and suppresses migration and invasion of human bladder cancer cells through the histone deacetylases, integrin–focal adhesion kinase, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 signalling pathways. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271221143040. [DOI: 10.1177/09603271221143040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Clerodane diterpene, a class of bicyclic diterpenoids, is found in hundreds of plant species. 16-hydroxycleroda-3,13-dien-15,16-olide (CD) can be isolated from the plant Polyalthia longifolia and has been applied against oral cancer and glioma by xenograft model. In this study, we aim to explore its antitumour action by examining its histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity and integrin-associated intracellular signalling pathway on T24 human bladder cancer (BC) cells. Our results revealed that CD-inhibited colony formation, HDAC activity, HDAC (1, 2 and 3) mRNA and cell spreading on fibronectin-coated surfaces in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, decreased cFLIP and increased caspase-8 cleavage accompanied CD-induced cell death. At non-toxic concentrations, CD blocked the migration and invasion of T24 cells. CD hindered migration and invasion by the downregulation of fibronectin, integrin α5 β1, β-catenin, FAK, vinculin and Rho A, as well as by reduction of phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3 β (pGSK3 β), pSrc, pstat3 and pNF κB. We observed that the MMP9 gene was closely linked with prognosis of patients with bladder cancer. MMP9 protein levels and activity were largely attenuated by CD in a concentration-dependent manner. In conclusion, CD-induced caspase-8-dependent apoptosis and suppressed migration and invasion by blocking several intracellular signalling pathways, including downregulation of HDAC activity and integrin–FAK and MMP9 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Chen
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-I Chen
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yuan Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bu-Miin Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chia Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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227
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WANG GY, ZHANG L, GENG YD, WANG B, FENG XJ, CHEN ZL, WEI W, JIANG L. β-Elemene induces apoptosis and autophagy in colorectal cancer cells through regulating the ROS/AMPK/mTOR pathway. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:9-21. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(21)60118-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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228
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Shen F, Zhu Y, Wang F, Cai X, Ding H, Zhou F, Wang J, Gu H, Liu C, Li Q. Clinical significance of circulating tumour cells and tumour marker detection in the chemotherapeutic evaluation of advanced colorectal cancer. Colorectal Dis 2022; 24:68-76. [PMID: 34611964 PMCID: PMC9298334 DOI: 10.1111/codi.15939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Systemic chemotherapy combining biological targeted therapies is the standard therapy for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), but effective markers are needed to identify clinical responders. Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) have been associated with prognosis in patients with mCRC. This study aimed to explore the relationship between CTC number and the clinical response of patients with advanced CRC. METHOD Epithelial cell adhesion molecule-independent enrichment and CD45- fluorescence in situ hybridization immunofluorescence were used to detect peripheral blood CTCs in 79 patients with advanced CRC. Fisher's exact test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient were used to analyse the correlation between CTC number and efficacy of chemotherapy. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS Among the evaluable patients, CTCs were significantly correlated with clinical response (r =4.891, p = 0.031). High CTC numbers were associated with a poor treatment response (r = -0.250, p = 0.027). Dynamic decrease in CTC number was associated with clinical response (p = 0.046). High baseline CTC number and carcinoembryonic antigen levels were prognostic factors for unfavourable PFS in multivariable analysis [hazard ratio (HR) = 3.30, p = 0.011 and HR = 2.04, p = 0.044, respectively]. Compared with the CTC-positive group, the CTC-negative group showed superior PFS (median PFS 15.53 vs. 9.43 months, p = 0.041) among CRC patients receiving first-line treatment. CONCLUSION CTC number is a feasible biomarker for predicting outcomes in mCRC patients receiving systemic chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Shen
- Department of OncologyShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yiwen Zhu
- Department of OncologyShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of OncologyShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xun Cai
- Department of OncologyShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Honghua Ding
- Department of OncologyShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Fei Zhou
- Department of OncologyShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jingjue Wang
- Department of OncologyShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Hongli Gu
- Department of OncologyShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Chuan Liu
- Department of OncologyShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Qi Li
- Department of OncologyShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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Morsy S, Abd-Ellatif R, Soliman N, Ibrahim W. Effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on cellular stress in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. TANTA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022; 50:351. [DOI: 10.4103/tmj.tmj_112_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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230
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The non-apoptotic function of Caspase-8 in negatively regulating the CDK9-mediated Ser2 phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II in cervical cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:597. [PMID: 36399280 PMCID: PMC9674771 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04598-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most frequently diagnosed and fatal gynecological cancer. 15-61% of all cases metastasize and develop chemoresistance, reducing the 5-year survival of cervical cancer patients to as low as 17%. Therefore, unraveling the mechanisms contributing to metastasis is critical in developing better-targeted therapies against it. Here, we have identified a novel mechanism where nuclear Caspase-8 directly interacts with and inhibits the activity of CDK9, thereby modulating RNAPII-mediated global transcription, including those of cell-migration- and cell-invasion-associated genes. Crucially, low Caspase-8 expression in cervical cancer patients leads to poor prognosis, higher CDK9 phosphorylation at Thr186, and increased RNAPII activity in cervical cancer cell lines and patient biopsies. Caspase-8 knock-out cells were also more resistant to the small-molecule CDK9 inhibitor BAY1251152 in both 2D- and 3D-culture conditions. Combining BAY1251152 with Cisplatin synergistically overcame chemoresistance of Caspase-8-deficient cervical cancer cells. Therefore, Caspase-8 expression could be a marker in chemoresistant cervical tumors, suggesting CDK9 inhibitor treatment for their sensitization to Cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
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231
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Adeshakin FO, Adeshakin AO, Liu Z, Cheng J, Zhang P, Yan D, Zhang G, Wan X. Targeting Oxidative Phosphorylation-Proteasome Activity in Extracellular Detached Cells Promotes Anoikis and Inhibits Metastasis. Life (Basel) 2021; 12:life12010042. [PMID: 35054435 PMCID: PMC8779336 DOI: 10.3390/life12010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis arises owing to tumor cells’ capacity to evade pro-apoptotic signals. Anoikis—the apoptosis of detached cells (from the extracellular matrix (ECM)) is often circumvented by metastatic cells as a result of biochemical and molecular transformations. These facilitate cells’ ability to survive, invade and reattach to secondary sites. Here, we identified deregulated glucose metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and proteasome in anchorage-independent cells compared to adherent cells. Metformin an anti-diabetic drug that reduces blood glucose (also known to inhibit mitochondrial Complex I), and proteasome inhibitors were employed to target these changes. Metformin or proteasome inhibitors alone increased misfolded protein accumulation, sensitized tumor cells to anoikis, and impaired pulmonary metastasis in the B16F10 melanoma model. Mechanistically, metformin reduced cellular ATP production, activated AMPK to foster pro-apoptotic unfolded protein response (UPR) through enhanced expression of CHOP in ECM detached cells. Furthermore, AMPK inhibition reduced misfolded protein accumulation, thus highlight relevance of AMPK activation in facilitating metformin-induced stress and UPR cell death. Our findings provide insights into the molecular biology of anoikis resistance and identified metformin and proteasome inhibitors as potential therapeutic options for tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funmilayo O. Adeshakin
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (F.O.A.); (A.O.A.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (P.Z.); (D.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
| | - Adeleye O. Adeshakin
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (F.O.A.); (A.O.A.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (P.Z.); (D.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (F.O.A.); (A.O.A.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (P.Z.); (D.Y.)
| | - Jian Cheng
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (F.O.A.); (A.O.A.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (P.Z.); (D.Y.)
| | - Pengchao Zhang
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (F.O.A.); (A.O.A.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (P.Z.); (D.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
| | - Dehong Yan
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (F.O.A.); (A.O.A.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (P.Z.); (D.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
| | - Guizhong Zhang
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (F.O.A.); (A.O.A.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (P.Z.); (D.Y.)
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (F.O.A.); (A.O.A.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (P.Z.); (D.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (X.W.)
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Raineri D, Cappellano G, Vilardo B, Maione F, Clemente N, Canciani E, Boggio E, Gigliotti CL, Monge C, Dianzani C, Boldorini R, Dianzani U, Chiocchetti A. Inducible T-Cell Costimulator Ligand Plays a Dual Role in Melanoma Metastasis upon Binding to Osteopontin or Inducible T-Cell Costimulator. Biomedicines 2021; 10:biomedicines10010051. [PMID: 35052731 PMCID: PMC8772802 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we demonstrated that inducible T-cell costimulator (ICOS) shares its unique ligand (ICOSL) with osteopontin (OPN), and OPN/ICOSL binding promotes tumor metastasis and angiogenesis in the 4T1 breast cancer model. Literature showed that OPN promotes melanoma metastasis by suppressing T-cell activation and recruiting myeloid suppressor cells (MDSC). On the opposite, ICOS/ICOSL interaction usually sustains an antitumor response. Here, we engineered murine B16F10 melanoma cells, by transfecting or silencing ICOSL. In vitro data showed that loss of ICOSL favors anchorage-independent growth and induces more metastases in vivo, compared to ICOSL expressing cells. To dissect individual roles of the three molecules, we compared data from C57BL/6 with those from OPN-KO, ICOS-KO, and ICOSL-KO mice, missing one partner at a time. We found that OPN produced by the tumor microenvironment (TME) favors the metastasis by interacting with stromal ICOSL. This activity is dominantly inhibited by ICOS expressed on TME by promoting Treg expansion. Importantly, we also show that OPN and ICOSL highly interact in human melanoma metastases compared to primary tumors. Interfering with this binding may be explored in immunotherapy either for nonresponding or patients resistant to conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Raineri
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases-IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.R.); (G.C.); (B.V.); (F.M.); (N.C.); (E.C.); (E.B.); (C.L.G.); (A.C.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cappellano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases-IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.R.); (G.C.); (B.V.); (F.M.); (N.C.); (E.C.); (E.B.); (C.L.G.); (A.C.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Beatrice Vilardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases-IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.R.); (G.C.); (B.V.); (F.M.); (N.C.); (E.C.); (E.B.); (C.L.G.); (A.C.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Federica Maione
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases-IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.R.); (G.C.); (B.V.); (F.M.); (N.C.); (E.C.); (E.B.); (C.L.G.); (A.C.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Nausicaa Clemente
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases-IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.R.); (G.C.); (B.V.); (F.M.); (N.C.); (E.C.); (E.B.); (C.L.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Elena Canciani
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases-IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.R.); (G.C.); (B.V.); (F.M.); (N.C.); (E.C.); (E.B.); (C.L.G.); (A.C.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Elena Boggio
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases-IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.R.); (G.C.); (B.V.); (F.M.); (N.C.); (E.C.); (E.B.); (C.L.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Casimiro Luca Gigliotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases-IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.R.); (G.C.); (B.V.); (F.M.); (N.C.); (E.C.); (E.B.); (C.L.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Chiara Monge
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy; (C.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Chiara Dianzani
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy; (C.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Renzo Boldorini
- Divisione di Anatomia Patologica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Umberto Dianzani
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases-IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.R.); (G.C.); (B.V.); (F.M.); (N.C.); (E.C.); (E.B.); (C.L.G.); (A.C.)
- Laboratorio di Biochimica Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Annalisa Chiocchetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases-IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.R.); (G.C.); (B.V.); (F.M.); (N.C.); (E.C.); (E.B.); (C.L.G.); (A.C.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
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Cortés-Sánchez JL, Callant J, Krüger M, Sahana J, Kraus A, Baselet B, Infanger M, Baatout S, Grimm D. Cancer Studies under Space Conditions: Finding Answers Abroad. Biomedicines 2021; 10:biomedicines10010025. [PMID: 35052703 PMCID: PMC8773191 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review article, we discuss the current state of knowledge in cancer research under real and simulated microgravity conditions and point out further research directions in this field. Outer space is an extremely hostile environment for human life, with radiation, microgravity, and vacuum posing significant hazards. Although the risk for cancer in astronauts is not clear, microgravity plays a thought-provoking role in the carcinogenesis of normal and cancer cells, causing such effects as multicellular spheroid formation, cytoskeleton rearrangement, alteration of gene expression and protein synthesis, and apoptosis. Furthermore, deleterious effects of radiation on cells seem to be accentuated under microgravity. Ground-based facilities have been used to study microgravity effects in addition to laborious experiments during parabolic flights or on space stations. Some potential 'gravisensors' have already been detected, and further identification of these mechanisms of mechanosensitivity could open up ways for therapeutic influence on cancer growth and apoptosis. These novel findings may help to find new effective cancer treatments and to provide health protection for humans on future long-term spaceflights and exploration of outer space.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Cortés-Sánchez
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (J.L.C.-S.); (M.K.); (A.K.); (M.I.)
| | - Jonas Callant
- Radiobiology Unit, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), 2400 Mol, Belgium; (J.C.); (B.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (J.L.C.-S.); (M.K.); (A.K.); (M.I.)
- Research Group ‘Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt-und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen’ (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jayashree Sahana
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Armin Kraus
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (J.L.C.-S.); (M.K.); (A.K.); (M.I.)
- Research Group ‘Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt-und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen’ (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Bjorn Baselet
- Radiobiology Unit, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), 2400 Mol, Belgium; (J.C.); (B.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Manfred Infanger
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (J.L.C.-S.); (M.K.); (A.K.); (M.I.)
- Research Group ‘Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt-und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen’ (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Radiobiology Unit, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), 2400 Mol, Belgium; (J.C.); (B.B.); (S.B.)
- Department Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniela Grimm
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (J.L.C.-S.); (M.K.); (A.K.); (M.I.)
- Research Group ‘Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt-und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen’ (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-21379702
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Akkoc Y, Gozuacik D. Autophagy and Hepatic Tumor Microenvironment Associated Dormancy. J Gastrointest Cancer 2021; 52:1277-1293. [PMID: 34921672 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-021-00774-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The goal of successful cancer treatment is targeting the eradication of cancer cells. Although surgical removal of the primary tumors and several rounds of chemo- and radiotherapy reduce the disease burden, in some cases, asymptomatic dormant cancer cells may still exist in the body. Dormant cells arise from the disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) from the primary lesion. DTCs escape from immune system and cancer therapy and reside at the secondary organ without showing no sign of proliferation. However, under some conditions. dormant cells can be re-activated and enter a proliferative state even after decades. As a stress response mechanism, autophagy may help the adaptation of DTCs at this futile foreign microenvironment and may control the survival and re-activation of dormant cells. Studies indicate that hepatic microenvironment serves a favorable condition for cancer cell dormancy. Although, no direct study was pointing out the role of autophagy in liver-assisted dormancy, involvement of autophagy in both liver microenvironment, health, and disease conditions has been indicated. Therefore, in this review article, we will summarize cancer dormancy and discuss the role and importance of autophagy and hepatic microenvironment in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunus Akkoc
- Koç University Research Centre for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, 34010, Turkey.
| | - Devrim Gozuacik
- Koç University Research Centre for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, 34010, Turkey.,Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, 34010, Turkey
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Saha M, Deshpande N, Dubey A, Pal D, Atreya HS, Rangarajan A. Sustained AMPK Activation and Proline Metabolism Play Critical Roles in the Survival of Matrix-Deprived Transformed Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:771366. [PMID: 34869367 PMCID: PMC8634847 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.771366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Attachment to the matrix is critical for the survival of adherent cells, whereas detachment triggers death by apoptosis. Therefore, solid tumors must acquire the ability to survive the stress of matrix-detachment to transit through circulation and seed metastases. Although a central role for energy metabolism in cancer progression is well established, what distinguishes its role in the cellular state of the matrix-deprived form compared to the matrix-attached form is not fully understood yet. Using an in vitro transformation model dependent on simian virus 40 (SV40) small t (ST) antigen for cellular survival and proliferation in matrix-deprived conditions, we demonstrate that 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity is elevated and sustained under matrix-deprived conditions in ST-expressing fibroblasts. Additionally, these cells display elevated energy (ATP) levels under matrix-deprived conditions in contrast to cells lacking ST expression. The elevated ATP levels are coupled to increased levels of proline in ST-expressing cells, as revealed by metabolomics studies. The AMPK-dependent upregulation of proline oxidase, an enzyme of proline degradation, is a key link for elevated ATP levels. This functional link is further established by proline supplementation concomitant with AMPK activation in matrix-deprived cells lacking ST antigen, yielding ATP and enhancing survival. Thus, our data establishes a key role for AMPK-dependent regulation of proline metabolism in mediating energy homeostasis and promoting survival of matrix-deprived cells. These findings identify key markers that distinguish the metabolic states of matrix-detached and matrix-attached transformed cells and have implications in developing novel therapeutic strategies for specifically targeting matrix-detached metastasizing cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manipa Saha
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Neha Deshpande
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Abhinav Dubey
- IISc Mathematics Initiative, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.,NMR Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Debnath Pal
- IISc Mathematics Initiative, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.,Department of Computational and Data Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Hanudatta S Atreya
- NMR Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.,Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Annapoorni Rangarajan
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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236
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Hou S, Wang J, Li W, Hao X, Hang Q. Roles of Integrins in Gastrointestinal Cancer Metastasis. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:708779. [PMID: 34869579 PMCID: PMC8634653 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.708779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are a large family of heterodimeric transmembrane receptors which mediate cell adhesion and transmit signals to the cell interior. The mechanistic roles of integrins have long been an enigma in cancer, given its complexity in regulating different cellular behaviors. Recently, however, increasing research is providing new insights into its function and the underlying mechanisms, which collectively include the influences of altered integrin expression on the aberrant signaling pathways and cancer progression. Many studies have also demonstrated the potentiality of integrins as therapeutic targets in cancer treatment. In this review, we have summarized these recent reports and put a particular emphasis on the dysregulated expression of integrins and how they regulate related signaling pathways to facilitate the metastatic progression of gastrointestinal cancer, including gastric cancer (GC) and colorectal cancer (CRC), which will address the crucial roles of integrins in gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicong Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wenqian Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xin Hao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qinglei Hang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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237
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Ekambaram R, Saravanan S, Selvam N, Dharmalingam S. Statistical optimization of novel acemannan polysaccharides assisted TiO2 nanorods based nanofibers for skin cancer application. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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238
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Shimizu T, Kimura K, Sugihara E, Yamaguchi-Iwai S, Nobusue H, Sampetrean O, Otsuki Y, Fukuchi Y, Saitoh K, Kato K, Soga T, Muto A, Saya H. MEK inhibition preferentially suppresses anchorage-independent growth in osteosarcoma cells and decreases tumors in vivo. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:2732-2743. [PMID: 33751653 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common high-grade malignancy of bone, and novel therapeutic options are urgently required. Previously, we developed mouse osteosarcoma AXT cells that can proliferate both under adherent and nonadherent conditions. Based on metabolite levels, nonadherent conditions were more similar to the in vivo environment than adherent conditions. A drug screen identified MEK inhibitors, including trametinib, that preferentially decreased the viability of nonadherent AXT cells. Trametinib inhibited the cell cycle and induced apoptosis in AXT cells, and both effects were stronger under nonadherent conditions. Trametinib also potently decreased viability in U2OS cells, but its effects were less prominent in MG63 or Saos2 cells. By contrast, MG63 and Saos2 cells were more sensitive to PI3K inhibition than AXT or U2OS cells. Notably, the combination of MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK) and PI3K inhibition synergistically decreased viability in U2OS and AXT cells, but this effect was less pronounced in MG63 or Saos2 cells. Therefore, signal dependence for cell survival and crosstalk between MEK-ERK and PI3K-AKT pathways in osteosarcoma are cell context-dependent. The activation status of other kinases including CREB varied in a cell context-dependent manner, which might determine the response to MEK inhibition. A single dose of trametinib was sufficient to decrease the size of the primary tumor and circulating tumor cells in vivo. Moreover, combined administration of trametinib and rapamycin or conventional anticancer drugs further increased antitumor activity. Thus, given optimal biomarkers for predicting its effects, trametinib holds therapeutic potential for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takatsune Shimizu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Kimura
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Sugihara
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Research and Development Center for Precision Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Sayaka Yamaguchi-Iwai
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nobusue
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Oltea Sampetrean
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Otsuki
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Fukuchi
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Saitoh
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Japan
| | - Keiko Kato
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Japan
| | - Akihiro Muto
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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239
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Valdoz JC, Johnson BC, Jacobs DJ, Franks NA, Dodson EL, Sanders C, Cribbs CG, Van Ry PM. The ECM: To Scaffold, or Not to Scaffold, That Is the Question. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12690. [PMID: 34884495 PMCID: PMC8657545 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) has pleiotropic effects, ranging from cell adhesion to cell survival. In tissue engineering, the use of ECM and ECM-like scaffolds has separated the field into two distinct areas-scaffold-based and scaffold-free. Scaffold-free techniques are used in creating reproducible cell aggregates which have massive potential for high-throughput, reproducible drug screening and disease modeling. Though, the lack of ECM prevents certain cells from surviving and proliferating. Thus, tissue engineers use scaffolds to mimic the native ECM and produce organotypic models which show more reliability in disease modeling. However, scaffold-based techniques come at a trade-off of reproducibility and throughput. To bridge the tissue engineering dichotomy, we posit that finding novel ways to incorporate the ECM in scaffold-free cultures can synergize these two disparate techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pam M. Van Ry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (J.C.V.); (B.C.J.); (D.J.J.); (N.A.F.); (E.L.D.); (C.S.); (C.G.C.)
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240
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Knockdown of microRNA-214-3p Promotes Tumor Growth and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235875. [PMID: 34884984 PMCID: PMC8656576 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate Cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. In this study, we analyzed a molecule known as a microRNA, which regulates the expression of genes. microRNAs are involved in processes related to cancer onset and progression. Abnormal expression of microRNAs can promote prostate cancer. This study showed that knockdown of microRNA miR-214-3p enhanced the progression and of prostate cancer. In addition, miR-214 regulated the expression of many genes. These results are useful to better understand the function of miR-214-3p in prostate cancer and can be a useful target in the treatment of the disease. Abstract Abnormal expression of microRNA miR-214-3p (miR-214) is associated with multiple cancers. In this study, we assessed the effects of CRISPR/Cas9 mediated miR-214 depletion in prostate cancer (PCa) cells and the underlying mechanisms. Knockdown of miR-214 promoted PCa cell proliferation, invasion, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and increased resistance to anoikis, a key feature of PCa cells that undergo metastasis. The reintroduction of miR-214 in miR-214 knockdown cells reversed these effects and significantly suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. These in vitro studies are consistent with the role of miR-214 as a tumor suppressor. Moreover, miR-214 knockout increased tumor growth in PCa xenografts in nude mice supporting its anti-oncogenic role in PCa. Knockdown of miR-214 increased the expression of its target protein, Protein Tyrosine Kinase 6 (PTK6), a kinase shown to promote oncogenic signaling and tumorigenesis in PCa. In addition, miR-214 modulated EMT as exhibited by differential regulation of E-Cadherin, N-Cadherin, and Vimentin both in vitro and in vivo. RNA-seq analysis of miR-214 knockdown cells revealed altered gene expression related to PCa tumor growth pathways, including EMT and metastasis. Collectively, our findings reveal that miR-214 is a key regulator of PCa oncogenesis and is a potential novel therapeutic target for the treatment of the disease.
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241
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Rodriguez S, Skeet K, Mehmetoglu-Gurbuz T, Goldfarb M, Karri S, Rocha J, Shahinian M, Yazadi A, Poudel S, Subramani R. Phytochemicals as an Alternative or Integrative Option, in Conjunction with Conventional Treatments for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225753. [PMID: 34830907 PMCID: PMC8616323 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is globally ranked as the sixth most diagnosed cancer, and the second most deadly cancer. To worsen matters, there are only limited therapeutic options currently available; therefore, it is necessary to find a reservoir from which new HCC treatments may be acquired. The field of phytomedicine may be the solution to this problem, as it offers an abundance of plant-derived molecules, which show capabilities of being effective against HCC proliferation, invasion, migration, and metastasis. In our review, we collect and analyze current evidence regarding these promising phytochemical effects on HCC, and delve into their potential as future chemotherapies. Additionally, information on the signaling behind these numerous phytochemicals is provided, in an attempt to understand their mechanisms. This review makes accessible the current body of knowledge pertaining to phytochemicals as HCC treatments, in order to serve as a reference and inspiration for further research into this subject. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most abundant form of liver cancer. It accounts for 75–85% of liver cancer cases and, though it ranks globally as the sixth most common cancer, it ranks second in cancer-related mortality. Deaths from HCC are usually due to metastatic spread of the cancer. Unfortunately, there are many challenges and limitations with the latest HCC therapies and medications, making it difficult for patients to receive life-prolonging care. As there is clearly a high demand for alternative therapy options for HCC, it is prudent to turn to plants for the solution, as their phytochemicals have long been used and revered for their many medicinal purposes. This review explores the promising phytochemical compounds identified from pre-clinical and clinical trials being used either independently or in conjunction with already existing cancer therapy treatments. The phytochemicals discussed in this review were classified into several categories: lipids, polyphenols, alkaloids, polysaccharides, whole extracts, and phytochemical combinations. Almost 80% of the compounds failed to progress into clinical studies due to lack of information regarding the toxicity to normal cells and bioavailability. Although large obstacles remain, phytochemicals can be used either as an alternative or integrative therapy in conjunction with existing HCC chemotherapies. In conclusion, phytochemicals have great potential as treatment options for hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl Rodriguez
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer Research, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (S.R.); (T.M.-G.); (S.P.)
| | - Kristy Skeet
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (K.S.); (J.R.); (M.S.); (A.Y.)
| | - Tugba Mehmetoglu-Gurbuz
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer Research, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (S.R.); (T.M.-G.); (S.P.)
| | - Madeline Goldfarb
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (M.G.); (S.K.)
| | - Shri Karri
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (M.G.); (S.K.)
| | - Jackelyn Rocha
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (K.S.); (J.R.); (M.S.); (A.Y.)
| | - Mark Shahinian
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (K.S.); (J.R.); (M.S.); (A.Y.)
| | - Abdallah Yazadi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (K.S.); (J.R.); (M.S.); (A.Y.)
| | - Seeta Poudel
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer Research, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (S.R.); (T.M.-G.); (S.P.)
| | - Ramadevi Subramani
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer Research, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (S.R.); (T.M.-G.); (S.P.)
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (K.S.); (J.R.); (M.S.); (A.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-915-215-6851
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242
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The Emerging Roles of Autophagy in Human Diseases. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111651. [PMID: 34829881 PMCID: PMC8615641 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a process of cellular self-digestion, delivers intracellular components including superfluous and dysfunctional proteins and organelles to the lysosome for degradation and recycling and is important to maintain cellular homeostasis. In recent decades, autophagy has been found to help fight against a variety of human diseases, but, at the same time, autophagy can also promote the procession of certain pathologies, which makes the connection between autophagy and diseases complex but interesting. In this review, we summarize the advances in understanding the roles of autophagy in human diseases and the therapeutic methods targeting autophagy and discuss some of the remaining questions in this field, focusing on cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, infectious diseases and metabolic disorders.
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243
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Greenwood HE, Witney TH. Latest Advances in Imaging Oxidative Stress in Cancer. J Nucl Med 2021; 62:1506-1510. [PMID: 34353871 PMCID: PMC7611938 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.256974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the imbalance of harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the action of neutralizing antioxidant mechanisms. If left unchecked, the deleterious effects of oxidative stress result in damage to DNA, proteins, and membranes, ultimately leading to cell death. Tumors are highly proliferative and consequently generate high levels of mitochondrial ROS. To compensate for this and maintain redox homeostasis, cancer cells upregulate protective antioxidant pathways, which are further amplified in drug-resistant tumors. This review provides an overview of the latest molecular imaging techniques designed to image oxidative stress in cancer. New probes can now assess heterogeneous ROS and antioxidant production within tumors and across lesions. Together, the noninvasive imaging of these dynamic processes holds great promise for monitoring response to treatment and predicting drug resistance and may provide insight into the metastatic potential of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Greenwood
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy H Witney
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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244
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Tanaka R, Terai M, Londin E, Sato T. The Role of HGF/MET Signaling in Metastatic Uveal Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215457. [PMID: 34771620 PMCID: PMC8582360 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) signaling plays an important role in the metastatic formation and therapeutic resistance to uveal melanoma. Here, we review the various functions of MET signaling contributing to metastatic formation, as well as review resistance to treatments in metastatic uveal melanoma. Abstract Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) signaling promotes tumorigenesis and tumor progression in various types of cancer, including uveal melanoma (UM). The roles of HGF/MET signaling have been studied in cell survival, proliferation, cell motility, and migration. Furthermore, HGF/MET signaling has emerged as a critical player not only in the tumor itself but also in the tumor microenvironment. Expression of MET is frequently observed in metastatic uveal melanoma and is associated with poor prognosis. It has been reported that HGF/MET signaling pathway activation is the major mechanism of treatment resistance in metastatic UM (MUM). To achieve maximal therapeutic benefit in MUM patients, it is important to understand how MET signaling drives cellular functions in uveal melanoma cells. Here, we review the HGF/MET signaling biology and the role of HGF/MET blockades in uveal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Tanaka
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (R.T.); (T.S.)
| | - Mizue Terai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (R.T.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-215-955-4780
| | - Eric Londin
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;
| | - Takami Sato
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (R.T.); (T.S.)
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245
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Schroeder B, Vander Steen T, Espinoza I, Venkatapoorna CMK, Hu Z, Silva FM, Regan K, Cuyàs E, Meng XW, Verdura S, Arbusà A, Schneider PA, Flatten KS, Kemble G, Montero J, Kaufmann SH, Menendez JA, Lupu R. Fatty acid synthase (FASN) regulates the mitochondrial priming of cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:977. [PMID: 34675185 PMCID: PMC8531299 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04262-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of the lipogenic enzyme fatty acid synthase (FASN) have attracted much attention in the last decade as potential targeted cancer therapies. However, little is known about the molecular determinants of cancer cell sensitivity to FASN inhibitors (FASNis), which is a major roadblock to their therapeutic application. Here, we find that pharmacological starvation of endogenously produced FAs is a previously unrecognized metabolic stress that heightens mitochondrial apoptotic priming and favors cell death induction by BH3 mimetic inhibitors. Evaluation of the death decision circuits controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins revealed that FASN inhibition is accompanied by the upregulation of the pro-death BH3-only proteins BIM, PUMA, and NOXA. Cell death triggered by FASN inhibition, which causally involves a palmitate/NADPH-related redox imbalance, is markedly diminished by concurrent loss of BIM or PUMA, suggesting that FASN activity controls cancer cell survival by fine-tuning the BH3 only proteins-dependent mitochondrial threshold for apoptosis. FASN inhibition results in a heightened mitochondrial apoptosis priming, shifting cells toward a primed-for-death state "addicted" to the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2. Accordingly, co-administration of a FASNi synergistically augments the apoptosis-inducing activity of the dual BCL-XL/BCL-2 inhibitor ABT-263 (navitoclax) and the BCL-2 specific BH3-mimetic ABT-199 (venetoclax). FASN inhibition, however, fails to sensitize breast cancer cells to MCL-1- and BCL-XL-selective inhibitors such as S63845 and A1331852. A human breast cancer xenograft model evidenced that oral administration of the only clinically available FASNi drastically sensitizes FASN-addicted breast tumors to ineffective single-agents navitoclax and venetoclax in vivo. In summary, a novel FASN-driven facet of the mitochondrial priming mechanistically links the redox-buffering mechanism of FASN activity to the intrinsic apoptotic threshold in breast cancer cells. Combining next-generation FASNis with BCL-2-specific BH3 mimetics that directly activate the apoptotic machinery might generate more potent and longer-lasting antitumor responses in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Schroeder
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Heimholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1 D-85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
| | - Travis Vander Steen
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Ingrid Espinoza
- Department of Preventive Medicine, John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.,Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Chandra M Kurapaty Venkatapoorna
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospital Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Zeng Hu
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Radiation Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Fernando Martín Silva
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kevin Regan
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Elisabet Cuyàs
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute, 17190, Salt, Girona, Spain.,Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism & Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, 17007, Girona, Spain
| | - X Wei Meng
- Deparment of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Sara Verdura
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute, 17190, Salt, Girona, Spain.,Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism & Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, 17007, Girona, Spain
| | - Aina Arbusà
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute, 17190, Salt, Girona, Spain.,Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism & Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, 17007, Girona, Spain
| | | | - Karen S Flatten
- Deparment of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - George Kemble
- Sagimet Biosciences (formerly 3-V Biosciences), San Mateo, CA, 94402, USA
| | - Joan Montero
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Scott H Kaufmann
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Deparment of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Javier A Menendez
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. .,Girona Biomedical Research Institute, 17190, Salt, Girona, Spain.
| | - Ruth Lupu
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. .,Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic Laboratory, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Dombroski JA, Hope JM, Sarna NS, King MR. Channeling the Force: Piezo1 Mechanotransduction in Cancer Metastasis. Cells 2021; 10:2815. [PMID: 34831037 PMCID: PMC8616475 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, motivating research into identifying new methods of preventing cancer metastasis. Recently there has been increasing interest in understanding how cancer cells transduce mechanical forces into biochemical signals, as metastasis is a process that consists of a wide range of physical forces. For instance, the circulatory system through which disseminating cancer cells must transit is an environment characterized by variable fluid shear stress due to blood flow. Cancer cells and other cells can transduce physical stimuli into biochemical responses using the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1, which is activated by membrane deformations that occur when cells are exposed to physical forces. When active, Piezo1 opens, allowing for calcium flux into the cell. Calcium, as a ubiquitous second-messenger cation, is associated with many signaling pathways involved in cancer metastasis, such as angiogenesis, cell migration, intravasation, and proliferation. In this review, we discuss the roles of Piezo1 in each stage of cancer metastasis in addition to its roles in immune cell activation and cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michael R. King
- King Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; (J.A.D.); (J.M.H.); (N.S.S.)
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Oleanolic Acid's Semisynthetic Derivatives HIMOXOL and Br-HIMOLID Show Proautophagic Potential and Inhibit Migration of HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Cells In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011273. [PMID: 34681931 PMCID: PMC8538366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 20–30% of the diagnosed breast cancers overexpress the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). This type of cancer is associated with a more aggressive phenotype; thus, there is a need for the discovery of new compounds that would improve the survival in HER2-positive breast cancer patients. It seems that one of the most promising therapeutic cancer strategies could be based on the biological activity of pentacyclic triterpenes’ derivatives and the best-known representative of this group, oleanolic acid (OA). The biological activity of oleanolic acid and its two semisynthetic derivatives, methyl 3-hydroxyimino-11-oxoolean-12-en-28-oate (HIMOXOL) and 12α-bromo-3-hydroxyimonoolean-28→13-olide (Br-HIMOLID), was assessed in SK-BR-3 breast cancer cells (HER2-positive). Viability tests, cell cycle assessment, evaluation of apoptosis, autophagy, and adhesion/migration processes were performed using MTT, clonogenic, cytofluorometry, Western blot, and qPCR. Both derivatives revealed higher cytotoxicity in studied breast cancer cells than the maternal compound, OA. They also decreased cell viability, induced autophagy, and (when applied in sub-cytotoxic concentrations) decreased the migration of SK-BR-3 cells.This study is the first to report the cytostatic, proautophagic (mTOR/LC3/SQSTM/BECN1 pathway), and anti-migratory (integrin β1/FAK/paxillin pathway) activities of HIMOXOL and Br-HIMOLID in HER2-positive breast cancer cells.
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Sorolla MA, Hidalgo I, Sorolla A, Montal R, Pallisé O, Salud A, Parisi E. Microenvironmental Reactive Oxygen Species in Colorectal Cancer: Involved Processes and Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5037. [PMID: 34680186 PMCID: PMC8534037 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Although screening programs have reduced mortality rates, there is a need for research focused on finding the main factors that lead primary CRC to progress and metastasize. During tumor progression, malignant cells modify their habitat, corrupting or transforming cells of different origins and creating the tumor microenvironment (TME). Cells forming the TME like macrophages, neutrophils, and fibroblasts generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that modify the cancer niche. The effects of ROS in cancer are very diverse: they promote cellular proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), evasion of cell death programs, migration, and angiogenesis. Due to the multifaceted role of ROS in cancer cell survival and function, ROS-modulating agents such as antioxidants or pro-oxidants could have therapeutic potential in cancer prevention and/or as a complement to systemic treatments. In this review, we will examine the main ROS producer cells and their effects on cancer progression and metastasis. Furthermore, we will enumerate the latest clinical trials where pro-oxidants and antioxidants have therapeutic uses in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alba Sorolla
- Research Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.A.S.); (I.H.); (A.S.); (R.M.); (O.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Ivan Hidalgo
- Research Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.A.S.); (I.H.); (A.S.); (R.M.); (O.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Anabel Sorolla
- Research Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.A.S.); (I.H.); (A.S.); (R.M.); (O.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Robert Montal
- Research Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.A.S.); (I.H.); (A.S.); (R.M.); (O.P.); (A.S.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital (HUAV), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Ona Pallisé
- Research Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.A.S.); (I.H.); (A.S.); (R.M.); (O.P.); (A.S.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital (HUAV), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Antonieta Salud
- Research Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.A.S.); (I.H.); (A.S.); (R.M.); (O.P.); (A.S.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital (HUAV), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Eva Parisi
- Research Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.A.S.); (I.H.); (A.S.); (R.M.); (O.P.); (A.S.)
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Usman S, Waseem NH, Nguyen TKN, Mohsin S, Jamal A, Teh MT, Waseem A. Vimentin Is at the Heart of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) Mediated Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4985. [PMID: 34638469 PMCID: PMC8507690 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a reversible plethora of molecular events where epithelial cells gain the phenotype of mesenchymal cells to invade the surrounding tissues. EMT is a physiological event during embryogenesis (type I) but also happens during fibrosis (type II) and cancer metastasis (type III). It is a multifaceted phenomenon governed by the activation of genes associated with cell migration, extracellular matrix degradation, DNA repair, and angiogenesis. The cancer cells employ EMT to acquire the ability to migrate, resist therapeutic agents and escape immunity. One of the key biomarkers of EMT is vimentin, a type III intermediate filament that is normally expressed in mesenchymal cells but is upregulated during cancer metastasis. This review highlights the pivotal role of vimentin in the key events during EMT and explains its role as a downstream as well as an upstream regulator in this highly complex process. This review also highlights the areas that require further research in exploring the role of vimentin in EMT. As a cytoskeletal protein, vimentin filaments support mechanical integrity of the migratory machinery, generation of directional force, focal adhesion modulation and extracellular attachment. As a viscoelastic scaffold, it gives stress-bearing ability and flexible support to the cell and its organelles. However, during EMT it modulates genes for EMT inducers such as Snail, Slug, Twist and ZEB1/2, as well as the key epigenetic factors. In addition, it suppresses cellular differentiation and upregulates their pluripotent potential by inducing genes associated with self-renewability, thus increasing the stemness of cancer stem cells, facilitating the tumour spread and making them more resistant to treatments. Several missense and frameshift mutations reported in vimentin in human cancers may also contribute towards the metastatic spread. Therefore, we propose that vimentin should be a therapeutic target using molecular technologies that will curb cancer growth and spread with reduced mortality and morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Usman
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Str., London E1 2AT, UK; (S.U.); (T.K.N.N.); (A.J.); (M.-T.T.)
| | - Naushin H. Waseem
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Str., London EC1V 9EL, UK;
| | - Thuan Khanh Ngoc Nguyen
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Str., London E1 2AT, UK; (S.U.); (T.K.N.N.); (A.J.); (M.-T.T.)
| | - Sahar Mohsin
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Ahmad Jamal
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Str., London E1 2AT, UK; (S.U.); (T.K.N.N.); (A.J.); (M.-T.T.)
| | - Muy-Teck Teh
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Str., London E1 2AT, UK; (S.U.); (T.K.N.N.); (A.J.); (M.-T.T.)
| | - Ahmad Waseem
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Str., London E1 2AT, UK; (S.U.); (T.K.N.N.); (A.J.); (M.-T.T.)
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Manju CA, Jeena K, Ramachandran R, Manohar M, Ambily AM, Sajesh KM, Gowd GS, Menon K, Pavithran K, Pillai A, Nair SV, Koyakutty M. Intracranially injectable multi-siRNA nanomedicine for the inhibition of glioma stem cells. Neurooncol Adv 2021; 3:vdab104. [PMID: 34604750 PMCID: PMC8482790 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nanoparticle siRNA-conjugates are promising clinical therapeutics as indicated by recent US-FDA approval. In glioma stem cells (GSC), multiple stemness associated genes were found aberrant. We report intracranially injectable, multi-gene-targeted siRNA nanoparticle gel (NPG) for the combinatorial silencing of 3 aberrant genes, thus inhibiting the tumorogenic potential of GSCs. Methods NPG loaded with siRNAs targeted against FAK, NOTCH-1, and SOX-2 were prepared by the self-assembly of siRNAs with protamine-hyaluronic acid combination. Electron microscopy, DLS, and agarose gel electrophoresis were used for the physicochemical characterization. Cell transfection and gene-silencing efficiency were studied using human mesenchymal stem cells and rat C6 glioma-derived GSCs. Neurosphere inhibition was tested in vitro using GSCs derived from C6 cell line and glioma patient samples. Patient-derived xenograft model and orthotopic rat glioma model were used to test the effect of NPG on in vivo tumorigenicity. Results The siRNA nanoparticles with an average size ~ 250 nm and ~ 95% loading efficiency showed cellular uptake in ~95.5% GSCs. Simultaneous gene silencing of FAK, NOTCH-1, and SOX-2 led to the inhibition of neurosphere formation by GSCs, whereas normal stem cells remained unaffected and retained neuronal differentiation capability. GBM PDX models manifested significant impairment in the tumorigenic potential of NPG treated GSCs. Intracranial injection of NPG inhibited tumor growth in orthotopic rat brain tumor model. Conclusion Intracranially injectable n-siRNA NPG targeted to multiple stem-cell signaling impairs glioma initiation capabilities of GSCs and inhibited tumor growth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheripelil Abraham Manju
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Kottarapat Jeena
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Ranjith Ramachandran
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Maneesh Manohar
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Anna Mathew Ambily
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | | | | | - Krishnakumar Menon
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Keechilat Pavithran
- Department of Oncology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Ashok Pillai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Shantikumar V Nair
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Manzoor Koyakutty
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
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