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Hanniford D, Segura MF, Zhong J, Philips E, Jirau-Serrano X, Darvishian F, Berman RS, Shapiro RL, Pavlick AC, Brown B, Osman I, Hernando E. Identification of metastasis-suppressive microRNAs in primary melanoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2015; 107:dju494. [PMID: 25677173 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dju494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical management of primary melanoma is curative for most patients with clinically localized disease at diagnosis; however, a substantial number of patients recur and progress to advanced disease. Understanding molecular alterations that influence differential tumor progression of histopathologically similar lesions may lead to improved prognosis and therapies to slow or prevent metastasis. METHODS We examined microRNA dysregulation by expression profiling of primary melanoma tumors from 92 patients. We screened candidate microRNAs selected by differential expression between recurrent and nonrecurrent tumors or associated with primary tumor thickness (Student's t test, Benjamini-Hochberg False Discovery Rate [FDR] < 0.05), in in vitro invasion assays. We performed in vivo metastasis assays, matrix remodeling experiments, and molecular studies to identify metastasis-regulating microRNAs and their cellular and molecular mechanisms. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS We identified two microRNAs (hsa-miR-382, hsa-miR-516b) whose expression was lower in aggressive vs nonaggressive primary tumors, which suppressed invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo (mean metastatic foci: control: 37.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 25.6 to 50.2; miR-382: 19.5, 95% CI = 12.2 to 26.9, P = .009; miR-516b: 12.5, 95% CI = 7.7 to 17.4, P < .001, Student's t test). Mechanistically, miR-382 overexpression inhibits extracellular matrix degradation by melanoma cells. Moreover, we identified actin regulators CTTN, RAC1, and ARPC2 as direct targets of miR-382. Depletion of CTTN partially recapitulates miR-382 effects on matrix remodeling, invasion, and metastasis. Inhibition of miR-382 in a weakly tumorigenic melanoma cell line increased tumor progression and metastasis in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Aberrant expression of specific microRNAs that can functionally impact progression of primary melanoma occurs as an early event of melanomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doug Hanniford
- Department of Pathology (DH, MFS, EP, XJS, FD, EH), Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group (DH, MFS, JZ, XJS, FD, RSB, RLS, AP, IO, EH), Department of Environmental Medicine (JZ), Department of Dermatology (AP, IO), Department of Medicine (AP, IO), Department of Urology (IO); Department of Surgery (RSB, RLS), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (BB)
| | - Miguel F Segura
- Department of Pathology (DH, MFS, EP, XJS, FD, EH), Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group (DH, MFS, JZ, XJS, FD, RSB, RLS, AP, IO, EH), Department of Environmental Medicine (JZ), Department of Dermatology (AP, IO), Department of Medicine (AP, IO), Department of Urology (IO); Department of Surgery (RSB, RLS), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (BB)
| | - Judy Zhong
- Department of Pathology (DH, MFS, EP, XJS, FD, EH), Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group (DH, MFS, JZ, XJS, FD, RSB, RLS, AP, IO, EH), Department of Environmental Medicine (JZ), Department of Dermatology (AP, IO), Department of Medicine (AP, IO), Department of Urology (IO); Department of Surgery (RSB, RLS), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (BB)
| | - Elliot Philips
- Department of Pathology (DH, MFS, EP, XJS, FD, EH), Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group (DH, MFS, JZ, XJS, FD, RSB, RLS, AP, IO, EH), Department of Environmental Medicine (JZ), Department of Dermatology (AP, IO), Department of Medicine (AP, IO), Department of Urology (IO); Department of Surgery (RSB, RLS), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (BB)
| | - Xavier Jirau-Serrano
- Department of Pathology (DH, MFS, EP, XJS, FD, EH), Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group (DH, MFS, JZ, XJS, FD, RSB, RLS, AP, IO, EH), Department of Environmental Medicine (JZ), Department of Dermatology (AP, IO), Department of Medicine (AP, IO), Department of Urology (IO); Department of Surgery (RSB, RLS), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (BB)
| | - Farbod Darvishian
- Department of Pathology (DH, MFS, EP, XJS, FD, EH), Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group (DH, MFS, JZ, XJS, FD, RSB, RLS, AP, IO, EH), Department of Environmental Medicine (JZ), Department of Dermatology (AP, IO), Department of Medicine (AP, IO), Department of Urology (IO); Department of Surgery (RSB, RLS), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (BB)
| | - Russell S Berman
- Department of Pathology (DH, MFS, EP, XJS, FD, EH), Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group (DH, MFS, JZ, XJS, FD, RSB, RLS, AP, IO, EH), Department of Environmental Medicine (JZ), Department of Dermatology (AP, IO), Department of Medicine (AP, IO), Department of Urology (IO); Department of Surgery (RSB, RLS), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (BB)
| | - Richard L Shapiro
- Department of Pathology (DH, MFS, EP, XJS, FD, EH), Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group (DH, MFS, JZ, XJS, FD, RSB, RLS, AP, IO, EH), Department of Environmental Medicine (JZ), Department of Dermatology (AP, IO), Department of Medicine (AP, IO), Department of Urology (IO); Department of Surgery (RSB, RLS), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (BB)
| | - Anna C Pavlick
- Department of Pathology (DH, MFS, EP, XJS, FD, EH), Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group (DH, MFS, JZ, XJS, FD, RSB, RLS, AP, IO, EH), Department of Environmental Medicine (JZ), Department of Dermatology (AP, IO), Department of Medicine (AP, IO), Department of Urology (IO); Department of Surgery (RSB, RLS), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (BB)
| | - Brian Brown
- Department of Pathology (DH, MFS, EP, XJS, FD, EH), Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group (DH, MFS, JZ, XJS, FD, RSB, RLS, AP, IO, EH), Department of Environmental Medicine (JZ), Department of Dermatology (AP, IO), Department of Medicine (AP, IO), Department of Urology (IO); Department of Surgery (RSB, RLS), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (BB)
| | - Iman Osman
- Department of Pathology (DH, MFS, EP, XJS, FD, EH), Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group (DH, MFS, JZ, XJS, FD, RSB, RLS, AP, IO, EH), Department of Environmental Medicine (JZ), Department of Dermatology (AP, IO), Department of Medicine (AP, IO), Department of Urology (IO); Department of Surgery (RSB, RLS), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (BB)
| | - Eva Hernando
- Department of Pathology (DH, MFS, EP, XJS, FD, EH), Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group (DH, MFS, JZ, XJS, FD, RSB, RLS, AP, IO, EH), Department of Environmental Medicine (JZ), Department of Dermatology (AP, IO), Department of Medicine (AP, IO), Department of Urology (IO); Department of Surgery (RSB, RLS), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (BB).
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Rusek AM, Abba M, Eljaszewicz A, Moniuszko M, Niklinski J, Allgayer H. MicroRNA modulators of epigenetic regulation, the tumor microenvironment and the immune system in lung cancer. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:34. [PMID: 25743773 PMCID: PMC4333888 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0302-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is an exceedingly complex disease that is orchestrated and driven by a combination of multiple aberrantly regulated processes. The nature and depth of involvement of individual events vary between cancer types, and in lung cancer, the deregulation of the epigenetic machinery, the tumor microenvironment and the immune system appear to be especially relevant. The contribution of microRNAs to carcinogenesis and cancer progression is well established with many reports and investigations describing the involvement of microRNAs in lung cancer, however most of these studies have concentrated on single microRNA-target relations and have not adequately addressed the complexity of their interactions. In this review, we focus, in part, on the role of microRNAs in the epigenetic regulation of lung cancer where they act as active molecules modulating enzymes that take part in methylation-mediated silencing and chromatin remodeling. Additionally, we highlight their contribution in controlling and modulating the tumor microenvironment and finally, we describe their role in the critical alteration of essential molecules that influence the immune system in lung cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Rusek
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13, Białystok, 15-269, Poland.
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68135, Mannheim, Germany.
- Molecular Oncology of Solid Tumors, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Centre), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Mohammed Abba
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68135, Mannheim, Germany.
- Molecular Oncology of Solid Tumors, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Centre), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Andrzej Eljaszewicz
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13, Białystok, 15-269, Poland.
| | - Marcin Moniuszko
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13, Białystok, 15-269, Poland.
| | - Jacek Niklinski
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13, Białystok, 15-269, Poland.
| | - Heike Allgayer
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68135, Mannheim, Germany.
- Molecular Oncology of Solid Tumors, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Centre), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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203
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Role of microRNA 30a targeting insulin receptor substrate 2 in colorectal tumorigenesis. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:988-1000. [PMID: 25582198 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01242-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are dysregulated in many types of malignant diseases, including colorectal cancer. miRNA 30a (miR-30a) is a member of the miR-30 family and has been implicated in many types of cancers. In this study, we determined the expression of miR-30a in human colon cancer tissues and cell lines. miR-30a was found to be significantly downregulated in both the tissues and cell lines. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-30a inhibited, while silencing of miR-30a promoted, cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Consistently, stable overexpression of miR-30a suppressed the growth of colon cancer cell xenografts in vivo. Moreover, bioinformatic algorithms and luciferase reporter assays revealed that insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) is a direct target of miR-30a. Further functional studies suggested that repression of IRS2 by miR-30a partially mediated the tumor suppressor effect of miR-30a. In addition, miR-30a inhibited constitutive phosphorylation of Akt by targeting IRS2. Additionally, clinicopathological analysis indicated that miR-30a has an inverse correlation with the staging in patients with colon cancer. Taken together, our study provides the first evidence that miR-30a suppressed colon cancer cell growth through inhibition of IRS2. Thus, miR-30a might serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for colon cancer treatment.
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204
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Wu Q, Liu HO, Liu YD, Liu WS, Pan D, Zhang WJ, Yang L, Fu Q, Xu JJ, Gu JX. Decreased expression of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (Hnf4α)/microRNA-122 (miR-122) axis in hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma enhances potential oncogenic GALNT10 protein activity. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:1170-85. [PMID: 25422324 PMCID: PMC4294483 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.601203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-122 (miR-122), a mammalian liver-specific miRNA, has been reported to play crucial roles in the control of diverse aspects of hepatic function and dysfunction, including viral infection and hepatocarcinogenesis. In this study, we explored the clinical significance, transcriptional regulation, and direct target of miR-122 in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. Reduced expression of miR-122 in patients with HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma was correlated with venous invasion and poor prognosis. Furthermore, UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-galactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-10 (GALNT10) was identified as a bona fide target of miR-122 in hepatoma cells. Ectopic expression and knockdown studies showed that GALNT10 indeed promotes proliferation and apoptosis resistance of hepatoma cells in a glycosyltransferase-dependent manner. Critically, adverse correlation between miR-122 and GALNT10, a poor prognosticator of clinical outcome, was demonstrated in hepatoma patients. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (Hnf4α), a liver-enriched transcription factor that activates miR-122 gene transcription, was suppressed in HBV-infected hepatoma cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed significantly reduced association of Hnf4α with the miR-122 promoter in HBV-infected hepatoma cells. Moreover, GALNT10 was found to intensify O-glycosylation following signal activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor. In addition, in a therapeutic perspective, we proved that GALNT10 silencing increases sensitivity to sorafenib and doxorubicin challenge. In summary, our results reveal a novel Hnf4α/miR-122/GALNT10 regulatory pathway that facilitates EGF miR-122 activation and hepatoma growth in HBV-associated hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- From the Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Ministry of Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Hai-Ou Liu
- From the Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Ministry of Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Yi-Dong Liu
- From the Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Ministry of Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Wei-Si Liu
- From the Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Ministry of Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Deng Pan
- From the Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Ministry of Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Wei-Juan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Liu Yang
- From the Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Ministry of Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Qiang Fu
- From the Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Ministry of Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Jie-Jie Xu
- From the Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Ministry of Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Jian-Xin Gu
- From the Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Ministry of Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
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205
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Abstract
Melanoma has traditionally been associated with limited treatment options, and as such, biomarkers such as histopathologic staging and serum lactate dehydrogenase focused on prognosis. The development of effective treatment options shifted the search to biomarkers for predicting response and resistance to therapy, an arguably more critical goal. Specific genetic alterations (e.g., BRAFV600 and KIT mutations) predict response to molecularly targeted agents and are routinely used in clinical practice. Other promising biomarkers include T-cell characteristics (the circulating and tumor microenvironment), tumor expression of PD-L1, circulating DNA, circulating tumor cells and miRNAs. In this article, we discuss the status of the currently used and experimental tumor- and blood-based biomarkers for melanoma prognosis and response to targeted and immune therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Avenue, 777 Preston Research building, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Avenue, 777 Preston Research building, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ryan J Sullivan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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206
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Aftab MN, Dinger ME, Perera RJ. The role of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in the pathology, diagnosis, and management of melanoma. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 563:60-70. [PMID: 25065585 PMCID: PMC4221535 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is frequently lethal and its global incidence is steadily increasing. Despite the rapid development of different modes of targeted treatment, durable clinical responses remain elusive. A complete understanding of the molecular mechanisms that drive melanomagenesis is required, both genetic and epigenetic, in order to improve prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. There is increased appreciation of the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in melanoma biology, including in proliferation, cell cycle, migration, invasion, and immune evasion. Data are also emerging on the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), such as SPRY4-IT1, BANCR, and HOTAIR, in melanomagenesis. Here we review the data on the miRNAs and lncRNAs implicated in melanoma biology. An overview of these studies will be useful for providing insights into mechanisms of melanoma development and the miRNAs and lncRNAs that might be useful biomarkers or future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nauman Aftab
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Katchery Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Marcel E Dinger
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Ranjan J Perera
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA.
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207
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Gao F, Wang W. MicroRNA-96 promotes the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells and targets tumor protein p53 inducible nuclear protein 1, forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) and FOXO3a. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:1200-6. [PMID: 25369914 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a conserved class of small, endogenous, non protein-coding RNA molecules that are capable of regulating gene expression at post-transcriptional levels and are involved in diverse cellular processes, including cancer pathogenesis. It has previously been reported that miRNA-96 (miR-96) is overexpressed in human colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the underlying mechanism of miR-96 regulation in CRC remains to be elucidated. In the present study, miR-96 was confirmed to be upregulated in CRC tissues by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. MTT assay, colony formation assay and cell cycle analysis revealed that miR-96 overexpression led to increased tumor cell viability, colony formation ability and cell cycle progression. By contrast, inhibition of miR-96 resulted in the suppression of cell proliferation. It was also demonstrated that miR-96 reduced the messenger RNA and protein expression levels of tumor protein p53 inducible nuclear protein 1 (TP53INP1), forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) and FOXO3a, which are closely associated with cell proliferation. A luciferase reporter assay indicated that miR-96 inhibited luciferase intensity controlled by the 3'UTRs of TP53INP1, FOXO1 and FOXO3a. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that miR-96 contributed to CRC cell growth and that TP53INP1, FOXO1 and FOXO3a were direct targets of miR-96, suggesting that miR-96 may have the potential to be used in the development of miRNA‑based therapies for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The People's Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- Department of Oncology, The People's Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
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Liu Y, Liu W, Xu L, Liu H, Zhang W, Zhu Y, Xu J, Gu J. GALNT4 predicts clinical outcome in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Urol 2014; 192:1534-41. [PMID: 24769034 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.04.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the clinical significance of GALNT4 expression in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Enrolled in this study were 104 patients treated with curative nephrectomy at Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai during 2004. Of the cohort 23 patients died of disease, 33 experienced recurrence and 3 died of another cause. GALNT4 density was assessed by immunohistochemistry in patient specimens. Univariate and multivariate Cox models, and ROC analysis were used to analyze the impact of prognostic factors on overall and relapse-free survival. Kaplan-Meier analysis with the log rank test was done to compare clinical outcomes between subgroups. RESULTS Intratumor GALNT4 expression was significantly lower than peritumor expression. Low GALNT4 expression was associated with poor overall and relapse-free survival (p = 0.001 and 0.004, respectively). Intratumor GALNT4 expression, which negatively correlated with tumor size (p = 0.032), necrosis (p = 0.013) and TNM stage (p = 0.017), was an independent prognostic indicator for overall and relapse-free survival (HR 3.088, p = 0.020 and 2.173, p = 0.047, respectively). Extending the TNM staging system according to GALNT4 expression showed a better prognostic value for overall and relapse-free survival (AUC 0.786, p = 0.029 and 0.761, p = 0.040, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Intratumor GALNT4 expression is a potential independent prognostic factor for overall and relapse-free survival in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Further external validation and functional analysis should be performed to assess its potential prognostic and therapeutic value in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Ministry of Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weisi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Ministry of Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Xu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiou Liu
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Ministry of Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijuan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiejie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Ministry of Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianxin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Ministry of Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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209
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Fleming NH, Zhong J, da Silva IP, Vega-Saenz de Miera E, Brady B, Han SW, Hanniford D, Wang J, Shapiro RL, Hernando E, Osman I. Serum-based miRNAs in the prediction and detection of recurrence in melanoma patients. Cancer 2014; 121:51-9. [PMID: 25155861 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of primary melanoma patients at the highest risk of recurrence remains a critical challenge, and monitoring for recurrent disease is limited to costly imaging studies. We recently reported our array-based discovery of prognostic serum miRNAs in melanoma. In the current study, we examined the clinical utility of these serum-based miRNAs for prognosis as well as detection of melanoma recurrence. METHODS Serum levels of 12 miRNAs were tested using qRT-PCR at diagnosis in 283 melanoma patients (training cohort, n = 201; independent validation, n = 82; median follow-up, 68.8 months). A refined miRNA signature was chosen and evaluated. We also tested the potential clinical utility of the miRNAs in early detection and monitoring of recurrence using multiple longitudinal samples (pre- and postrecurrence) in a subset of 82 patients (n = 225). In addition, we integrated our miRNA signature with publicly available Cancer Genome Atlas data to examine the relevance of these miRNAs to melanoma biology. RESULTS Four miRNAs (miR-150, miR-30d, miR-15b, and miR-425) in combination with stage separated patients by recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) and improved prediction of recurrence over stage alone in both the training and validation cohorts (training RFS and OS, P < .001; validation RFS, P < .001; OS, P = .005). Serum miR-15b levels significantly increased over time in recurrent patients (P < .001), adjusting for endogenous controls as well as age, sex, and initial stage. In nonrecurrent patients, miR-15b levels were not significantly changed with time (P =.17). CONCLUSIONS Data demonstrate that serum miRNAs can improve melanoma patient stratification over stage and support further testing of miR-15b to guide patient surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel H Fleming
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York; Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
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Liu CH, Hu RH, Huang MJ, Lai IR, Chen CH, Lai HS, Wu YM, Huang MC. C1GALT1 promotes invasive phenotypes of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by modulating integrin β1 glycosylation and activity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94995. [PMID: 25089569 PMCID: PMC4121071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell invasion and metastasis are the primary causes of treatment failure and death in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We previously reported that core 1 β1,3-galactosyltransferase (C1GALT1) is frequently overexpressed in HCC tumors and its expression is associated with advanced tumor stage, metastasis, and poor survival. However, the underlying mechanisms of C1GALT1 in HCC malignancy remain unclear. In this study, we found that overexpression of C1GALT1 enhanced HCC cell adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, migration, and invasion, whereas RNAi-mediated knockdown of C1GALT1 suppressed these phenotypes. The promoting effect of C1GALT1 on the metastasis of HCC cells was demonstrated in a mouse xenograft model. Mechanistic investigations showed that the C1GALT1-enhanced phenotypic changes in HCC cells were significantly suppressed by anti-integrin β1 blocking antibody. Moreover, C1GALT1 was able to modify O-glycans on integrin β1 and regulate integrin β1 activity as well as its downstream signaling. These results suggest that C1GALT1 could enhance HCC invasiveness through integrin β1 and provide novel insights into the roles of O-glycosylation in HCC metastasis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/pharmacology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/secondary
- Cell Adhesion/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/genetics
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/metabolism
- Female
- Galactosyltransferases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Galactosyltransferases/genetics
- Galactosyltransferases/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Glycosylation
- Humans
- Integrin beta1/genetics
- Integrin beta1/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Mice
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Polysaccharides/chemistry
- Polysaccharides/metabolism
- Protein Binding
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Hui Liu
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rey-Heng Hu
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Miao-Juei Huang
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Rue Lai
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Chen
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Shiee Lai
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Ming Wu
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (M-CH); (Y-MW)
| | - Min-Chuan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (M-CH); (Y-MW)
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211
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Dobson JR, Taipaleenmäki H, Hu YJ, Hong D, van Wijnen AJ, Stein JL, Stein GS, Lian JB, Pratap J. hsa-mir-30c promotes the invasive phenotype of metastatic breast cancer cells by targeting NOV/CCN3. Cancer Cell Int 2014; 14:73. [PMID: 25120384 PMCID: PMC4129468 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-014-0073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background For treatment and prevention of metastatic disease, one of the premier challenges is the identification of pathways and proteins to target for clinical intervention. Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNAs, which regulate cellular activities by either mRNA degradation or translational inhibition. Our studies focused on the invasive properties of hsa-mir30c based on its high expression in MDA-MB-231 metastatic cells and our bioinformatic analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas that identified aberrant hsa-mir-30c to be associated with poor survival. Methods Contributions of hsa-mir-30c to breast cancer cell invasion were examined by Matrigel invasion transwell assays following modulation of hsa-mir-30c or hsa-mir-30c* levels in MDA-MB-231 cells. hsa-mir-30c in silico predicted targets linked to cell invasion were screened for targeting by hsa-mir-30c in metastatic breast cancer cells by RT-qPCR. The contribution to invasion by a target of hsa-mir-30c, Nephroblastoma overexpressed (NOV), was characterized by siRNA and invasion assays. Significant effects were determined using Student’s T-tests with Welch’s correction for unequal variance. Results MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were used as models of poorly invasive and late-stage metastatic disease, respectively. By modulating the levels of hsa-mir-30c in these cells, we observed concomitant changes in breast cancer cell invasiveness. From predicted targets of hsa-mir-30c that were related to cellular migration and invasion, NOV/CCN3 was identified as a novel target of hsa-mir-30c. Depleting NOV by siRNA caused a significant increase in the invasiveness of MDA-MB-231 cells is a regulatory protein associated with the extracellular matrix. Conclusions NOV/CCN3 expression, which protects cells from invasion, is known in patient tumors to inversely correlate with advanced breast cancer and metastasis. This study has identified a novel target of hsa-mir-30c, NOV, which is an inhibitor of the invasiveness of metastatic breast cancer cells. Thus, hsa-mir-30c-mediated inhibition of NOV levels promotes the invasive phenotype of MDA-MB-231 cells and significantly, the miR-30/NOV pathways is independent of RUNX2, a known target of hsa-mir-30c that promotes osteolytic disease in metastatic breast cancer cells. Our findings allow for mechanistic insight into the clinical observation of poor survival of patients with elevated hsa-mir-30c levels, which can be considered for miRNA-based translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Dobson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave, North, Worcester 01655, MA, USA ; Current address: Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, and Department of Computer Science, Brown University, 115 Waterman Street, Providence 02912, RI, USA
| | - Hanna Taipaleenmäki
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave, North, Worcester 01655, MA, USA ; Current address: Heisenberg-Group for Molecular Skeletal Biology, Department of Trauma, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yu-Jie Hu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave, North, Worcester 01655, MA, USA
| | - Deli Hong
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave, North, Worcester 01655, MA, USA ; Current address: Department of Biochemistry and Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington 05405-0068, VT, USA
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave, North, Worcester 01655, MA, USA ; Current address: Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Medical Sciences Building 3-69, Rochester 55905, MN, USA
| | - Janet L Stein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave, North, Worcester 01655, MA, USA ; Current address: Department of Biochemistry and Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington 05405-0068, VT, USA
| | - Gary S Stein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave, North, Worcester 01655, MA, USA ; Current address: Department of Biochemistry and Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington 05405-0068, VT, USA
| | - Jane B Lian
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave, North, Worcester 01655, MA, USA ; Current address: Department of Biochemistry and Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington 05405-0068, VT, USA
| | - Jitesh Pratap
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave, North, Worcester 01655, MA, USA ; Current address: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Armour Academic Center, 600 S, Paulina Street, Suite 507, Chicago 60612, IL, USA
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212
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Jiang H, Wang P, Li X, Wang Q, Deng ZB, Zhuang X, Mu J, Zhang L, Wang B, Yan J, Miller D, Zhang HG. Restoration of miR17/20a in solid tumor cells enhances the natural killer cell antitumor activity by targeting Mekk2. Cancer Immunol Res 2014; 2:789-99. [PMID: 24801835 PMCID: PMC4396632 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-13-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant microRNA (miRNA) expression has been identified in various human solid cancers. However, whether the levels of miRNA expression in tumor cells have any effect on tumor progression has not been determined. In this proof-of-concept study, the restoration of high-level expression of the miR17-92 cluster of miRNAs reveals its function as a tumor suppressor in murine solid cancer cells. Specifically, genetically engineered expression of higher levels of miR17/20a in the miR17-92 cluster in both murine breast cancer and colon cancer cells triggered natural killer (NK)-cell recognition by inhibiting the expression of MHC class I (H-2D) through the Mekk2-Mek5-Erk5 pathway. Results from the mouse tumor studies were recapitulated using samples of human solid tumors. Together, these data indicate that miR17/20a miRNAs function as tumor suppressors by reprogramming tumor cells for NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jiang
- Louisville Veterans Administration Medical Center; James Graham Brown Cancer Center;
| | - Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei; and
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jun Yan
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center
| | | | - Huang-Ge Zhang
- Louisville Veterans Administration Medical Center; James Graham Brown Cancer Center; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky;
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213
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Sun V, Zhou WB, Majid S, Kashani-Sabet M, Dar AA. MicroRNA-mediated regulation of melanoma. Br J Dermatol 2014; 171:234-41. [PMID: 24665835 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive and deadly skin cancers, and, in its advanced stages, accounts for > 80% mortality. The incidence of melanoma is increasing worldwide; however, beyond surgical removal of the tumour, there is currently no curative therapy available, especially for its advanced stages. This may, in part, be owing to incomplete understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate the initiation and/or progression of melanoma to metastasis. The molecular mechanisms leading to the development and progression of melanoma are the focus of intense investigation, and many genetic/epigenetic alterations affecting melanoma progression and development have been identified. microRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as important causal modulators in the development and progression of melanoma. The understanding of miRNA-mediated regulation of tumours has grown immensely over the last few years, as it has been understood to regulate most biological processes. Here, we review the currently available data on miRNAs associated with melanoma, highlighting those deregulated miRNAs that target important genes and pathways involved in the progression of melanocytes to primary and metastatic melanoma. We also review their potential clinical utility as biomarkers and potential use in targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sun
- Center for Melanoma Research and Treatment, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, 475 Brannan St Suite 220, San Francisco, CA, 94107, U.S.A
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214
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Decreased miR-30b-5p expression by DNMT1 methylation regulation involved in gastric cancer metastasis. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:5693-700. [PMID: 24913034 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3439-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
miRNAs have emerged as crucial regulators in the regulation of development as well as human diseases, especially tumorigenesis. The aims of this study are to evaluate miR-30b-5p expression pattern and mechanism in gastric carcinogenesis due to which remains to be determined. Expression of miR-30b-5p was analyzed in 51 gastric cancer cases and 4 cell lines by qRT-PCR. The effect of DNA methylation on miR-30b-5p expression was assessed by MSP and BGS. In order to know whether DNMT1 increased miR-30b-5p promoter methylation, DNMT1 was depleted in cell lines AGS and BGC-823. The role of miR-30b-5p on cell migration was evaluated by wound healing assays. Decreased expression of miR-30b-5p was found in gastric cancer samples. In tumor, the expression level of miR-30b-5p was profound correlated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.019). The level of miR-30b-5p may be restored by DNA demethylation and DNMT1 induced miR-30b-5p promoter methylation. In vitro functional assays implied that enforced miR-30b-5p expression affected cell migration, consistent with tissues analysis. Our findings uncovered that miR-30b-5p is significantly diminished in gastric cancer tissues, providing the first insight into the epigenetic mechanism of miR-30b-5p down-regulation, induced by DNMT1, and the role of miR-30b-5p in gastric cancer carcinogenesis. Overexpression of miR-30b-5p inhibited cell migration. Thus, miR-30b-5p may represent a potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer therapy.
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215
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Park SY, Kim H, Yoon S, Bae JA, Choi SY, Jung YD, Kim KK. KITENIN-targeting microRNA-124 suppresses colorectal cancer cell motility and tumorigenesis. Mol Ther 2014; 22:1653-64. [PMID: 24909917 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2014.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are increasingly implicated in the modulation of the progression of various cancers. We previously observed that KAI1 C-terminal interacting tetraspanin (KITENIN) is highly expressed in sporadic human colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues and hence the functional KITENIN complex acts to promote progression of CRC. However, it remains unknown that microRNAs target KITENIN and whether KITENIN-targeting microRNAs modulate CRC cell motility and colorectal tumorigenesis. Here, through bioinformatic analyses and functional studies, we showed that miR-124, miR-27a, and miR-30b negatively regulate KITENIN expression and suppress the migration and invasion of several CRC cell lines via modulation of KITENIN expression. Through in vitro and in vivo induction of mature microRNAs using a tetracycline-inducible system, miR-124 was found to effectively inhibit the invasion of CT-26 colon adenocarcinoma cells and tumor growth in a syngeneic mouse xenograft model. Constitutive overexpression of precursor miR-124 in CT-26 cells suppressed in vivo tumorigenicity and resulted in decreased expression of KITENIN as well as that of MYH9 and SOX9, which are targets of miR-124. Thus, our findings identify that KITENIN-targeting miR-124, miR-27a, and miR-30b function as endogenous inhibitors of CRC cell motility and demonstrate that miR-124 among KITENIN-targeting microRNAs plays a suppressor role in colorectal tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Yeon Park
- Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hangun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, South Korea
| | - Somy Yoon
- Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jeong A Bae
- Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Seok-Yong Choi
- Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Young Do Jung
- Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Kyung Keun Kim
- Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
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216
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Sun B, Kawahara M, Nagamune T. Modeling tandem AAG8-MEK inhibition in melanoma cells. Cancer Med 2014; 3:710-8. [PMID: 24634165 PMCID: PMC4101763 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance presents a challenge to the treatment of cancer patients, especially for melanomas, most of which are caused by the hyperactivation of MAPK signaling pathway. Innate or acquired drug-resistant relapse calls for the investigation of the resistant mechanisms and new anti-cancer drugs to provide implications for the ultimate goal of curative therapy. Aging-associated gene 8 (AAG8, encoded by the SIGMAR1 gene) is a chaperone protein profoundly elaborated in neurology. However, roles of AAG8 in carcinogenesis remain unclear. Herein, we discover AAG8 antagonists as new MEK inhibitors in melanoma cells and propose a novel drug combination strategy for melanoma therapy by presenting the experimental evidences. We report that specific antagonism of AAG8, efficiently suppresses melanoma cell growth and migration through, at least in part, the inactivation of the RAS-CRAF-MEK signaling pathway. We further demonstrate that melanoma cells that are resistant to AAG8 antagonist harbor refractory CRAF-MEK activity. MEK acts as a central mediator for anti-cancer effects and also for the resistance mechanism, leading to our proposal of tandem AAG8-MEK inhibition in melanoma cells. Combination of AAG8 antagonist and very low concentration of a MEK inhibitor synergistically restricts the growth of drug-resistant cells. These data collectively pinpoint AAG8 as a potential target and delineate a promising drug combination strategy for melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kawahara
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Nagamune
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
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217
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Hwang HW, Baxter LL, Loftus SK, Cronin JC, Trivedi NS, Borate B, Pavan WJ. Distinct microRNA expression signatures are associated with melanoma subtypes and are regulated by HIF1A. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2014; 27:777-87. [PMID: 24767210 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The complex genetic changes underlying metastatic melanoma need to be deciphered to develop new and effective therapeutics. Previously, genome-wide microarray analyses of human melanoma identified two reciprocal gene expression programs, including transcripts regulated by either transforming growth factor, beta 1 (TGFβ1) pathways, or microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF)/SRY-box containing gene 10 (SOX10) pathways. We extended this knowledge by discovering that melanoma cell lines with these two expression programs exhibit distinctive microRNA (miRNA) expression patterns. We also demonstrated that hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1A) is increased in TGFβ1 pathway-expressing melanoma cells and that HIF1A upregulates miR-210, miR-218, miR-224, and miR-452. Reduced expression of these four miRNAs in TGFβ1 pathway-expressing melanoma cells arrests the cell cycle, while their overexpression in mouse melanoma cells increases the expression of the hypoxic response gene Bnip3. Taken together, these data suggest that HIF1A may regulate some of the gene expression and biological behavior of TGFβ1 pathway-expressing melanoma cells, in part via alterations in these four miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hun-Way Hwang
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, Department of Health and Human Services, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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218
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Xu Z, Ho S, Chang CC, Liu Z, Li M, Vasilescu ER, Clynes RA, Vlad G, Suciu-Foca N. ILT3.Fc inhibits the production of exosomes containing inflammatory microRNA in supernatants of alloactivated T cells. Hum Immunol 2014; 75:756-9. [PMID: 24862932 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Immune activation needs to be tightly regulated to control immune-mediated tissue damage. Inhibitory pathways serve to terminate an immune response and resolve inflammation. Persistent exposure to antigens can drive development of adaptive regulatory cells. Similarly exposure of activated T cells to the recombinant ILT3-Fc molecule during priming triggers the differentiation of CD8 T suppressor cells and the induction of CD4 T helper anergy. Ts express high levels of immunoregulatory signature genes together with low levels of microRNA which control their function. Analysis of microRNA contained by exosomes from cultures in which T cells were alloactivated in the presence or absence of ILT3.Fc, demonstrated that this agent inhibits the release of inflammatory microRNA. The source of such inflammatory microRNA was found to reside in alloactivated CD4 T cells, since exosomes from MLC primed CD4 T cells were shown to diminish the suppressive activity of ILT3-Fc-induced CD8(+) Ts at high effector to suppressor T cell ratios. This indicates that inflammatory exosomes can swing the balance between effector and regulatory T cells in favor of immunity. These data suggest that isolation and characterization of micro-RNA containing exosomes in patients' circulation may be of use for treatment, prevention and monitoring of immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xu
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sophey Ho
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chih-Chao Chang
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Zhuoru Liu
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Muyang Li
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Elena R Vasilescu
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Raphael A Clynes
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - George Vlad
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Nicole Suciu-Foca
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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219
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Díaz-López A, Moreno-Bueno G, Cano A. Role of microRNA in epithelial to mesenchymal transition and metastasis and clinical perspectives. Cancer Manag Res 2014; 6:205-16. [PMID: 24812525 PMCID: PMC4008290 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s38156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, 20–22 nucleotides in length, endogenously expressed noncoding RNAs that regulate multiple targets posttranscriptionally. Interestingly, miRNAs have emerged as regulators of most physiological and pathological processes, including metastatic tumor progression, in part by controlling a reversible process called epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The activation of EMT increases the migratory and invasive properties fundamental for tumor cell spread while activation of the reverse mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition is required for metastasis outgrowth. The EMT triggering leads to the activation of a core of transcription factors (EMT-TFs) – SNAIL1/SNAIL2, bHLH (E47, E2-2, and TWIST1/TWIST2), and ZEB1/ZEB2 – that act as E-cadherin repressors and, ultimately, coordinate EMT. Recent evidence indicates that several miRNAs regulate the expression of EMT-TFs or EMT-activating signaling pathways. Interestingly, some miRNAs and EMT-TFs form tightly interconnected negative feedback loops that control epithelial cell plasticity, providing self-reinforcing signals and robustness to maintain the epithelial or mesenchymal cell status. Among the most significant feedback loops, we focus on the ZEB/miR-200 and the SNAIL1/miR-34 networks that hold a clear impact in the regulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal state. Recent insights into the p53 modulation of the EMT-TF/miRNA loops and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in the context of metastasis dissemination will also be discussed. Understanding the regulation of EMT by miRNAs opens new avenues for the diagnosis and prognosis of tumors and identifies potential therapeutic targets that might help to negatively impact on metastasis dissemination and increasing patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Díaz-López
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Moreno-Bueno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain ; Fundación MDAnderson Internacional, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amparo Cano
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
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220
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Integrative analyses of genetic variation, epigenetic regulation, and the transcriptome to elucidate the biology of platinum sensitivity. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:292. [PMID: 24739237 PMCID: PMC3996490 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using genome-wide genetic, gene expression, and microRNA expression (miRNA) data, we developed an integrative approach to investigate the genetic and epigenetic basis of chemotherapeutic sensitivity. RESULTS Through a sequential multi-stage framework, we identified genes and miRNAs whose expression correlated with platinum sensitivity, mapped these to genomic loci as quantitative trait loci (QTLs), and evaluated the associations between these QTLs and platinum sensitivity. A permutation analysis showed that top findings from our approach have a much lower false discovery rate compared to those from a traditional GWAS of drug sensitivity. Our approach identified five SNPs associated with 10 miRNAs and the expression level of 15 genes, all of which were associated with carboplatin sensitivity. Of particular interest was one SNP (rs11138019), which was associated with the expression of both miR-30d and the gene ABCD2, which were themselves correlated with both carboplatin and cisplatin drug-specific phenotype in the HapMap samples. Functional study found that knocking down ABCD2 in vitro led to increased apoptosis in ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 after cisplatin treatment. Over-expression of miR-30d in vitro caused a decrease in ABCD2 expression, suggesting a functional relationship between the two. CONCLUSIONS We developed an integrative approach to the investigation of the genetic and epigenetic basis of human complex traits. Our approach outperformed standard GWAS and provided hints at potential biological function. The relationships between ABCD2 and miR-30d, and ABCD2 and platin sensitivity were experimentally validated, suggesting a functional role of ABCD2 and miR-30d in sensitivity to platinating agents.
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221
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Liao WT, Ye YP, Zhang NJ, Li TT, Wang SY, Cui YM, Qi L, Wu P, Jiao HL, Xie YJ, Zhang C, Wang JX, Ding YQ. MicroRNA-30b functions as a tumour suppressor in human colorectal cancer by targeting KRAS, PIK3CD and BCL2. J Pathol 2014; 232:415-27. [PMID: 24293274 DOI: 10.1002/path.4309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the USA. MicroRNAs play important roles in the pathogenesis of CRC. In this study, we investigated the role of miR-30b in CRC and found that its expression was significantly lower in CRC tissues than that in normal tissues. We showed that a low expression level of miR-30b was closely related to poor differentiation, advanced TNM stage and poor prognosis of CRC. Further experiments showed that over-expression of miR-30b suppressed CRC cell proliferation in vitro and tumour growth in vivo. Specifically, miR-30b promoted G1 arrest and induced apoptosis. Moreover, KRAS, PIK3CD and BCL2 were identified as direct and functional targets of miR-30b. MiR-30b directly targeted the 3'-untranslated regions of their mRNAs and repressed their expression. This study revealed functional and mechanistic links between miRNA-30b and oncogene KRAS, PIK3CD and BCL2 in the pathogenesis of CRC. MiR-30b not only plays important roles in the regulation of cell proliferation and tumour growth in CRC, but is also a potential prognostic marker or therapeutic target for CRC. Restoration of miR-30b expression may represent a promising therapeutic approach for targeting malignant CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ting Liao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Li W, Ma H, Sun J. MicroRNA‑34a/c function as tumor suppressors in Hep‑2 laryngeal carcinoma cells and may reduce GALNT7 expression. Mol Med Rep 2014; 9:1293-8. [PMID: 24482044 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.1929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A family of small non-coding RNAs, ~22 nt in length, known as microRNAs (miRNAs), regulating ~30% of all human gene expression, have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of a number of types of cancers, including laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). In the current study, miR-34a and miR-34c were observed to be downregulated in human LSCC tissues. Ectopic expression of miR-34a and miR-34c in Hep-2 cells significantly induced the cell proliferation and migration ability in vitro. UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-galactosamine:polypeptide-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 7 (GALNT7), whose expression is negatively regulated by miR-34a and miR-34c in Hep-2 cells, is confirmed to be a novel direct target gene of miR-34a and miR-34c. In conclusion, the current results suggest that miR-34a and miR-34c may function as tumor suppressors in LSCC through downregulation of GALNT7. The study of miR-34a, miR-34c and its novel target, GALNT7, may serve as novel potential makers for LSCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Huiping Ma
- Department of Respiration, The First People's Hospital of Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Ji Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
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223
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Kasper BT, Koppolu S, Mahal LK. Insights into miRNA regulation of the human glycome. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 445:774-9. [PMID: 24463102 PMCID: PMC4015186 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation is an intricate process requiring the coordinated action of multiple proteins, including glycosyltransferases, glycosidases, sugar nucleotide transporters and trafficking proteins. Work by several groups points to a role for microRNA (miRNA) in controlling the levels of specific glycosyltransferases involved in cancer, neural migration and osteoblast formation. Recent work in our laboratory suggests that miRNA are a principal regulator of the glycome, translating genomic information into the glycocode through tuning of enzyme levels. Herein we overlay predicted miRNA regulation of glycosylation related genes (glycogenes) onto maps of the common N-linked and O-linked glycan biosynthetic pathways to identify key regulatory nodes of the glycome. Our analysis provides insights into glycan regulation and suggests that at the regulatory level, glycogenes are non-redundant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Kasper
- Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, Room 1001, New York, NY 10003, United States
| | - Sujeethraj Koppolu
- Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, Room 1001, New York, NY 10003, United States
| | - Lara K Mahal
- Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, Room 1001, New York, NY 10003, United States.
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224
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Grange C, Collino F, Tapparo M, Camussi G. Oncogenic micro-RNAs and Renal Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2014; 4:49. [PMID: 24672771 PMCID: PMC3956040 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor formation is a complex process that occurs in different steps and involves many cell types, including tumor cells, endothelial cells, and inflammatory cells, which interact to promote growth of the tumor mass and metastasization. Epigenetic alterations occurring in transformed cells result in de-regulation of miRNA expression (a class of small non-coding RNA that regulates multiple functions), which contributes to tumorigenesis. The specific miRNAs, which have an aberrant expression in tumors, are defined as oncomiRNAs, and may be either over- or under-expressed, but down-regulation is most commonly observed. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a frequent form of urologic tumor, associated with an alteration of multiple signaling pathways. Many molecules involved in the progression of RCCs, such as HIF, VEGF, or mammalian target of rapamycin, are possible targets of de-regulated miRNAs. Within tumor mass, the cancer stem cell (CSC) population is a fundamental component that promotes tumor growth. The CSC hypothesis postulates that CSCs have the unique ability to self-renew and to maintain tumor growth and metastasis. CSCs present in RCC were shown to express the mesenchymal stem cell marker CD105 and to exhibit self-renewal and clonogenic properties, as well as the ability to generate serially transplantable tumors. The phenotype of CSC has been related to the potential to undergo the epithelial–mesenchymal transition, which has been linked to the expression pattern of tumorigenic miRNAs or down-regulation of anti-tumor miRNAs. In addition, the pattern of circulating miRNAs may allow discrimination between healthy and tumor patients. Therefore, a miRNA signature may be used as a tumor biomarker for cancer diagnosis, as well as to classify the risk of relapse and metastasis, and for a guide for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Grange
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Federica Collino
- Translational Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Marta Tapparo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino , Torino , Italy
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225
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Geng Y, He J, Ding Y, Chen X, Zhou Y, Liu S, Liu X, Wang Y. The differential expression of microRNAs between implantation sites and interimplantation sites in early pregnancy in mice and their potential functions. Reprod Sci 2014; 21:1296-306. [PMID: 24604233 DOI: 10.1177/1933719114525273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Embryo implantation is a complex process that involves synchronized crosstalk between a receptive endometrium and a functional blastocyst. It can take place only during the window of implantation, a period when a series of changes in gene expression occur in the endometrium to accept the embryo. As modulators of gene expression, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified as regulators of embryo implantation. To better understand how miRNAs regulate implantation and the related molecular mechanisms, we compared the expression profiles of miRNAs and messenger RNAs between implantation sites (IMs) and inter-IMs in the endometrium of pregnant mice on day 5 by microarrays. The results showed that compared with inter-IMs, 30 miRNAs were upregulated and 42 miRNAs (>2-fold) were downregulated at the IMs. By combining the results of the microarray experiments, we found that 20 upregulated pathways and 14 downregulated pathways might be subject to miRNA regulation at IMs. We also found that some miRNAs and their targets may play a key role in implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Geng
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junlin He
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubin Ding
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjiang Zhou
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangjing Liu
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqing Liu
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingxiong Wang
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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226
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Mapping posttranscriptional regulation of the human glycome uncovers microRNA defining the glycocode. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:4338-43. [PMID: 24591635 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1321524111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell surface glycans form a critical interface with the biological milieu, informing diverse processes from the inflammatory cascade to cellular migration. Assembly of discrete carbohydrate structures requires the coordinated activity of a repertoire of proteins, including glycosyltransferases and glycosidases. Little is known about the regulatory networks controlling this complex biosynthetic process. Recent work points to a role for microRNA (miRNA) in the regulation of specific glycan biosynthetic enzymes. Herein we take a unique systems-based approach to identify connections between miRNA and the glycome. By using our glycomic analysis platform, lectin microarrays, we identify glycosylation signatures in the NCI-60 cell panel that point to the glycome as a direct output of genomic information flow. Integrating our glycomic dataset with miRNA data, we map miRNA regulators onto genes in glycan biosynthetic pathways (glycogenes) that generate the observed glycan structures. We validate three of these predicted miRNA/glycogene regulatory networks: high mannose, fucose, and terminal β-GalNAc, identifying miRNA regulation that would not have been observed by traditional bioinformatic methods. Overall, our work reveals critical nodes in the global glycosylation network accessible to miRNA regulation, providing a bridge between miRNA-mediated control of cell phenotype and the glycome.
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227
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Luo C, Weber CEM, Osen W, Bosserhoff AK, Eichmüller SB. The role of microRNAs in melanoma. Eur J Cell Biol 2014; 93:11-22. [PMID: 24602414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most dangerous form of skin cancer, being largely resistant to conventional therapies at advanced stages. Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind this disease might be the key for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally control gene expression, thereby regulating various cellular signaling pathways involved in the initiation and progression of different cancer types, including melanoma. In this review, we summarize approaches for the identification of candidate miRNAs and their target genes and review the functions of miRNAs in melanoma. Finally, we highlight the recent progress in pre-clinical use of miRNAs as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonglin Luo
- Translational Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Claudia E M Weber
- Translational Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfram Osen
- Translational Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Stefan B Eichmüller
- Translational Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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228
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Gajos-Michniewicz A, Duechler M, Czyz M. MiRNA in melanoma-derived exosomes. Cancer Lett 2014; 347:29-37. [PMID: 24513178 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Proteins, RNAs and viruses can be spread through exosomes, therefore transport utilizing these nanovesicles is of the great interest. MiRNAs are common exosomal constituents capable of influencing expression of a variety of target genes. MiRNA signatures of exosomes are unique in cancer patients and differ from those in normal controls. The knowledge about miRNA profiles of tumor-derived exosomes may contribute to better diagnosis, determination of tumor progression and response to treatment, as well as to the development of targeted therapies. We summarize the current knowledge with regard to miRNAs that are found in exosomes derived from tumors, particularly from melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Duechler
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre for Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Czyz
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
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229
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Wang ZQ, Bachvarova M, Morin C, Plante M, Gregoire J, Renaud MC, Sebastianelli A, Bachvarov D. Role of the polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 3 in ovarian cancer progression: possible implications in abnormal mucin O-glycosylation. Oncotarget 2014; 5:544-60. [PMID: 24504219 PMCID: PMC3964228 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we have identified the polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 3 (GALNT3) gene as notably hypomethylated in low-malignant potential (LMP) and high-grade (HG) serous epithelial ovarian tumors, compared to normal ovarian tissues. Here we show that GALNT3 is strongly overexpressed in HG serous EOC tumors as compared to normal ovarian tissue. Moreover, the GALNT3 expression significantly correlated with shorter progression-free survival (PFS) intervals in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients with advanced disease. Knockdown of the GALNT3 expression in EOC cells led to sharp decrease of cell proliferation and induced S-phase cell cycle arrest. Additionally, GALNT3 suppression significantly inhibited EOC cell migration and invasion. Gene expression profiling and consecutive network and pathway analyses confirmed these findings, as numerous genes and pathways known previously to be implicated in ovarian tumorigenesis, including EOC tumor invasion and metastasis, were found to be downregulated upon GALNT3 suppression, while some tumor suppressor genes were induced. Moreover, GALNT3 downregulation was associated with reduced MUC1 protein expression in EOC cells, probably related to destabilization of the MUC1 protein due to lack of GALNT3 glycosylation activity. GALNT3 knockdown was also accompanied with increase of the cell adhesion molecules β-catenin and E-cadherin, which are normally suppressed by MUC1 in cancer, thus supporting the role of the GALNT3-MUC1 axis in EOC invasion. Taken together, our data are indicative for a strong oncogenic potential of the GALNT3 gene in advanced EOC and identify this transferase as a novel EOC biomarker and putative EOC therapeutic target. Our findings also suggest that GALNT3 overexpression might contribute to EOC progression through aberrant mucin O-glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Québec (Québec), Canada
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec (Québec), Canada
| | - Magdalena Bachvarova
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec (Québec), Canada
| | - Chantale Morin
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec (Québec), Canada
| | - Marie Plante
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec (Québec), Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Laval University, Québec (Québec), Canada
| | - Jean Gregoire
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec (Québec), Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Laval University, Québec (Québec), Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Renaud
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec (Québec), Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Laval University, Québec (Québec), Canada
| | - Alexandra Sebastianelli
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec (Québec), Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Laval University, Québec (Québec), Canada
| | - Dimcho Bachvarov
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Québec (Québec), Canada
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec (Québec), Canada
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230
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Kunz M. Oncogenes in melanoma: an update. Eur J Cell Biol 2013; 93:1-10. [PMID: 24468268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly aggressive tumour with poor prognosis in the metastatic stage. BRAF, NRAS, and KIT are three well-known oncogenes involved in melanoma pathogenesis. Targeting of mutated BRAF kinase has recently been shown to significantly improve overall survival of metastatic melanoma patients, underscoring the particular role of this oncogene in melanoma biology. However, recurrences regularly occur within several months, which supposedly involve further oncogenes. Moreover, oncogenic driver mutations have not been described for up to 30% of all melanomas. In order to obtain a more complete picture of the mutational landscape of melanoma, more recent studies used high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies. A number of new oncogene candidates such as MAPK1/2, ERBB4, GRIN2A, GRM3, RAC1, and PREX2 were identified. Their particular role in melanoma biology is currently under investigation. Evidence for the functional relevance of some of these new oncogene candidates has been provided in in vitro and in vivo experiments. However, these findings await further validation in clinical studies. This review provides an overview on well-known melanoma oncogenes and new oncogene candidates, based on recent high-throughput sequencing studies. The list of genes discussed herein is of course not complete but highlights some of the most significant of recent findings in this area. The new candidates may support more individualized treatment approaches for metastatic melanoma patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Kunz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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231
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Zhang Y, Yang WQ, Zhu H, Qian YY, Zhou L, Ren YJ, Ren XC, Zhang L, Liu XP, Liu CG, Ming ZJ, Li B, Chen B, Wang JR, Liu YB, Yang JM. Regulation of autophagy by miR-30d impacts sensitivity of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma to cisplatin. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 87:562-70. [PMID: 24345332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
miR-30d has been observed to be significantly down-regulated in human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), and is believed to be an important event in thyroid cell transformation. In this study, we found that miR-30d has a critical role in modulating sensitivity of ATC cells to cisplatin, a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug for treatment of this neoplasm. Using a mimic of miR-30d, we demonstrated that miR-30d could negatively regulate the expression of beclin 1, a key autophagy gene, leading to suppression of the cisplatin-activated autophagic response that protects ATC cells from apoptosis. A reporter gene assay demonstrated that the binding sequences of miR-30d in the beclin 1-3' UTR was the region required for the inhibition of beclin 1 expression by this miRNA. We further showed that inhibition of the beclin 1-mediated autophagy by the miR-30d mimic sensitized ATC cells to cisplatin both in vitro (cell culture) and in vivo (animal xenograft model). These results suggest that dysregulation of miR-30d in ATC cells is responsible for the insensitivity to cisplatin by promoting autophagic survival. Thus, miR-30d may be exploited as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in the treatment of ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Affiliated Changshu Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - W Q Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Affiliated Changshu Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - H Zhu
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Ohio State University, USA
| | - Y Y Qian
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Affiliated Changshu Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - L Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Affiliated Changshu Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Y J Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Affiliated Changshu Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - X C Ren
- Pharmacology and The Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - L Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Affiliated Changshu Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - X P Liu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - C G Liu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Z J Ming
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Affiliated Changshu Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - B Li
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Ohio State University, USA
| | - B Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Affiliated Changshu Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - J R Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Affiliated Changshu Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Y B Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - J M Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Affiliated Changshu Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China; Pharmacology and The Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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232
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Moreno-Mateos MA, Barragán V, Torres B, Rodríguez-Mateo C, Méndez-Vidal C, Berezikov E, Mudduluru G, Allgayer H, Pintor-Toro JA. Novel small RNA expression libraries uncover hsa-miR-30b and hsa-miR-30c as important factors in anoikis resistance. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2013; 19:1711-1725. [PMID: 24129493 PMCID: PMC3884670 DOI: 10.1261/rna.039461.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been widely studied in order to elucidate their biological functions. MicroRNA microarrays or miRNA overexpression libraries generated by synthesis and cloning of individual miRNAs have been used to study their different roles. In this work, we have developed a novel methodology to express mature miRNAs and other small RNAs from a double convergent RNA polymerase III promoter. We show that the generated miRNAs function similarly to those processed from primary transcripts or pri-miRNAs. This system allowed us to produce a lentiviral library expressing the whole population of small RNAs present in a metastatic cell line. A functional screening using this library led to the identification of hsa-miR-30b and hsa-miR-30c as negative regulators of cell death induced by loss of attachment (anoikis). Importantly, we demonstrated that the acquisition of anoikis resistance via these miRNAs is achieved through down-regulation of caspase 3 expression. Moreover, overexpression of these miRNAs resulted in a decrease of other types of caspase 3-dependent cell death and enhanced the survival of MCF10A acinar cells in morphogenesis assays, suggesting a putative role as oncomirs. In summary, this novel methodology provides a powerful and effective way for identifying novel small RNAs involved in a particular biological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Moreno-Mateos
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, CABIMER-CSIC, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Verónica Barragán
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, CABIMER-CSIC, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Belén Torres
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, CABIMER-CSIC, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Mateo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, CABIMER-CSIC, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cristina Méndez-Vidal
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, CABIMER-CSIC, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Eugene Berezikov
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Giridhar Mudduluru
- Department of Experimental Surgery Mannheim/Molecular Oncology of Solid Tumors, DKFZ and University of Heidelberg, 68167 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heike Allgayer
- Department of Experimental Surgery Mannheim/Molecular Oncology of Solid Tumors, DKFZ and University of Heidelberg, 68167 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - José A. Pintor-Toro
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, CABIMER-CSIC, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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233
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Zhao M, Sun J, Zhao Z. Synergetic regulatory networks mediated by oncogene-driven microRNAs and transcription factors in serous ovarian cancer. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2013; 9:3187-98. [PMID: 24129674 PMCID: PMC3855196 DOI: 10.1039/c3mb70172g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Although high-grade serous ovarian cancer (OVC) is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy in women, little is known about the regulatory mechanisms in the cellular processes that lead to this cancer. Recently, accumulated lines of evidence have shown that the interplay between transcription factors (TFs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) is critical in cellular regulation during tumorigenesis. A comprehensive investigation of TFs and miRNAs, and their target genes, may provide a deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms in the pathology of OVC. In this study, we have integrated three complementary algorithms into a framework, aiming to infer the regulation by miRNAs and TFs in conjunction with gene expression profiles. We demonstrated the utility of our framework by inferring 67 OVC-specific regulatory feed-forward loops (FFL) initiated by miRNAs or TFs in high-grade serous OVC. By analyzing these regulatory behaviors, we found that all the 67 FFLs are consistent in their regulatory effects on genes that are jointly targeted by miRNAs and TFs. Remarkably, we unveiled an unbalanced distribution of FFLs with different oncogenic effects. In total, 31 of the 67 coherent FFLs were mainly initiated by oncogenes. On the contrary, only 4 of the FFLs were initiated by tumor suppressor genes. These overwhelmingly observed oncogenic genes were further detected in a sub-network with 32 FFLs centered by miRNA let-7b and TF TCF7L1 to regulate cell differentiation. Closer inspection of 32 FFLs revealed that 75% of the miRNAs reportedly play functional roles in cell differentiation, especially when enriched in epithelial-mesenchymal transitions. This study provides a comprehensive pathophysiological overview of recurring coherent circuits in OVC that are co-regulated by miRNAs and TFs. The prevalence of oncogenic coherent FFLs in serous OVC suggests that oncogene-driven regulatory motifs could cooperatively act upon critical cellular processes such as cell differentiation in a highly efficient and consistent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Ma J, Jiang Z, He S, Liu Y, Chen L, Long K, Jin L, Jiang A, Zhu L, Wang J, Li M, Li X. Intrinsic features in microRNA transcriptomes link porcine visceral rather than subcutaneous adipose tissues to metabolic risk. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80041. [PMID: 24223210 PMCID: PMC3819305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding small RNA ∼22 nucleotides in length that can regulate the expression of a wide range of coding genes at the post-transcriptional level. Visceral adipose tissues (VATs) and subcutaneous adipose tissues (SATs), the two main fat compartments in mammals, are anatomically, physiologically, metabolically, and clinically distinct. Various studies of adipose tissues have focused mainly on DNA methylation, and mRNA and protein expression, nonetheless little research sheds directly light on the miRNA transcriptome differences between these two distinct adipose tissue types. Here, we present a comprehensive investigation of miRNA transcriptomes across six variant porcine adipose tissues by small RNA-sequencing. We identified 219 known porcine miRNAs, 97 novel miRNA*s, and 124 miRNAs that are conserved to other mammals. A set of universally abundant miRNAs (i.e., miR-148a-3p, miR-143-3p, miR-27b-3p, miR-let-7a-1-5p, and miR-let-7f-5p) across the distinct adipose tissues was found. This set of miRNAs may play important housekeeping roles that are involved in adipogenesis. Clustering analysis indicated significant variations in miRNA expression between the VATs and SATs, and highlighted the role of the greater omentum in responding to potential metabolic risk because of the observed enrichment in this tissue of the immune- and inflammation-related miRNAs, such as the members of miR-17-92 cluster and miR-181 family. Differential expression of the miRNAs between the VATs and SATs, and miRNA target prediction analysis revealed that the VATs-specific enriched miRNAs were associated mainly with immune and inflammation responses. In summary, the differences of miRNA expression between the VATs and SATs revealed some of their intrinsic differences and indicated that the VATs might be closely associated with increased risk of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jideng Ma
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhi Jiang
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Shen He
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Yingkai Liu
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Keren Long
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Long Jin
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - An'an Jiang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinyong Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingzhou Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
- * E-mail: (ML); (XL)
| | - Xuewei Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
- * E-mail: (ML); (XL)
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235
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Xu Y, Li W, Liu X, Chen H, Tan K, Chen Y, Tu Z, Dai Y. Identification of dysregulated microRNAs in lymphocytes from children with Down syndrome. Gene 2013; 530:278-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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236
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Su Y, Li X, Ji W, Sun B, Xu C, Li Z, Qian G, Su C. Small molecule with big role: MicroRNAs in cancer metastatic microenvironments. Cancer Lett 2013; 344:147-56. [PMID: 24184826 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is closely related to tumor cell microenvironments. Cancer cells and stromal cells interact with one another through extracellular matrix (ECM) and jointly participate in establishing the microenvironments. However, many questions remain to be addressed, in particular, a crucial question is which messengers mediate the mutual interaction and regulation between cancer cells and stromal cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), as oncogenic and oncosuppressor genes, regulate the expression and function of their related target genes to affect the biological behaviors of cancer cells and stromal cells, which may play an important role in cancer metastasis. Many miRNAs associated with cancer metastasis have been identified. The molecules of miRNAs are small and relatively easy to be secreted into extracellular microenvironments and devoured by nearby cells. As the regulatory messengers between cells, the secreted miRNAs function to regulate cancer cell proliferation, migration, intercellular communication and stromal modification, thereby helping cancer cells to establish their microenvironments for metastasis. In conclusion, miRNAs are small molecules, but they play a powerful role in regulating cancer metastatic ability by construction and modification of microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghan Su
- Department of Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaoya Li
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Weidan Ji
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Can Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhaoshen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guojun Qian
- Department of Minimal Invasion Therapy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Changqing Su
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China.
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237
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Gigli I, Maizon DO. microRNAs and the mammary gland: A new understanding of gene expression. Genet Mol Biol 2013; 36:465-74. [PMID: 24385846 PMCID: PMC3873174 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572013005000040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified in cells as well as in exosomes in biological fluids such as milk. In mammary gland, most of the miRNAs studied have functions related to immunity and show alterations in their pattern of expression during lactation. In mastitis, the inflammatory response caused by Streptococcus uberis alters the expression of miRNAs that may regulate the innate immune system. These small RNAs are stable at room temperature and are resistant to repeated freeze/thaw cycles, acidic conditions and degradation by RNAse, making them resistant to industrial procedures. These properties mean that miRNAs could have multiple applications in veterinary medicine and biotechnology. Indeed, lactoglobulin-free milk has been produced in transgenic cows expressing specific miRNAs. Although plant and animal miRNAs have undergone independent evolutionary adaptation recent studies have demonstrated a cross-kingdom passage in which rice miRNA was isolated from human serum. This finding raises questions about the possible effect that miRNAs present in foods consumed by humans could have on human gene regulation. Further studies are needed before applying miRNA biotechnology to the milk industry. New discoveries and a greater knowledge of gene expression will lead to a better understanding of the role of miRNAs in physiology, nutrition and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Gigli
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de La Pampa, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - Daniel Omar Maizon
- INTA, EEA Anguil "Ing. Agr. Guillermo Covas", Anguil, La Pampa, Argentina
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238
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Liang H, Studach L, Hullinger RL, Xie J, Andrisani OM. Down-regulation of RE-1 silencing transcription factor (REST) in advanced prostate cancer by hypoxia-induced miR-106b~25. Exp Cell Res 2013; 320:188-99. [PMID: 24135225 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Clinically aggressive prostate cancer (PCa) is linked to androgen resistance, metastasis, and expression of neuroendocrine markers. To understand mechanism(s) of neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) of PCa epithelia, we compared neuronal differentiation occurring during embryogenesis, in primary cultures of neural crest (NC) cells, and NED in PCa cell lines (LNCaP and PC3). We demonstrate, hypoxia promotes neuronal and neuroendocrine differentiation of NC cells and PCa cells, respectively, by inducing the miR-106 b~25 cluster. In turn, miR-106b~25 comprised of miR-106b, miR-93 and miR-25, down-regulates the transcriptional repressor REST, which represses neuron-specific protein-coding and miRNA genes. In prostate tumors of high Gleason score (≥ 8), an inverse trend was observed between REST and miR-106b~25 induction. Employing miRNA PCR arrays, we identified miRNAs up-regulated by hypoxia in LNCaP cells and REST-knockdown in NC cells. Significantly, a subset of miRNAs (miR-9, miR-25, miR-30d and miR302b) is up-regulated in high Gleason score (≥ 8) PCa, suggesting a mechanism by which NED contributes to PCa malignancy. We propose that loss of REST and induction of this set of microRNAs can serve as potential novel clinical markers of advanced PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzi Liang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Leo Studach
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Ronald L Hullinger
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Ourania M Andrisani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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239
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Zhang Y, Yang P, Wang XF. Microenvironmental regulation of cancer metastasis by miRNAs. Trends Cell Biol 2013; 24:153-60. [PMID: 24125906 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
miRNAs are a class of small, non-coding RNAs that regulate cancer progression, especially the processes of invasion and metastasis. Although earlier studies in metastasis primarily focused on the impact that miRNAs have on the intrinsic properties of cancer cells, recent reports reveal that miRNAs also shape interactions between cancer cells and their associated stroma. In this review, we discuss current known mechanisms by which miRNAs execute their microenvironmental regulation of cancer metastasis, including regulating expression of cell membrane-bound and secreted proteins or directly transmitting mature miRNAs between different cell types. The significance of miRNA-mediated tumor-stroma interactions in regulating metastasis suggests that miRNAs may be a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Pengyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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240
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Bernardi C, Soffientini U, Piacente F, Tonetti MG. Effects of microRNAs on fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8) expression in hepatocarcinoma cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76540. [PMID: 24130780 PMCID: PMC3793929 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8) catalyzes the transfer of α1,6-linked fucose to the first N-acetylglucosamine in N-linked glycans (core fucosylation). Increased core fucosylation has been reported during hepatocarcinogenesis, in both cell-associated and secreted proteins. Accordingly, increased core fucosylation of α-fetoprotein and α1-antitrypsin is currently used as a diagnostic and prognostic indicator. The present study provides new evidences that FUT8 can be regulated also through miRNA-mediated mechanisms. Using microRNA/target prediction programs, we identified miR-122 and miR-34a seed regions in the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of FUT8. Then we used human and rodents hepatocarcinoma cell lines to evaluate the impact of transfection of miR-122 and miR-34a mimics on FUT8 mRNA and protein levels. This study demonstrated that forced expression of these miRNAs is able to induce a decrease of FUT8 levels and also to affect core fucosylation of secreted proteins. The ability of miR-122 and miR-34a to specifically interact with and regulate the 3'UTR of FUT8 was demonstrated via a luciferase reporter assay. Since miR-122 and miR-34a downregulation is a common feature in spontaneous human hepatocarcinoma, our finding that these miRNAs are able to target FUT8 3'UTR suggests that, together with transcriptional and other post-transcriptional systems, a miRNA-mediated mechanism could also be involved in the increased core fucosylation observed in liver tumors. Moreover, these findings also point out that miRNAs may be widely involved in the regulation of glycosylation machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Bernardi
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Ugo Soffientini
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Francesco Piacente
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Michela G. Tonetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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241
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Pencheva N, Tavazoie SF. Control of metastatic progression by microRNA regulatory networks. Nat Cell Biol 2013; 15:546-54. [PMID: 23728460 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant microRNA (miRNA) expression is a defining feature of human malignancy. Specific miRNAs have been identified as promoters or suppressors of metastatic progression. miRNAs control metastasis through divergent or convergent regulation of metastatic gene pathways. Some miRNA regulatory networks govern cell-autonomous cancer phenotypes, whereas others modulate the cell-extrinsic composition of the metastatic microenvironment. The use of small RNAs as probes into the molecular and cellular underpinnings of metastasis holds promise for the identification of candidate genes for potential therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Pencheva
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
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242
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Kobayashi N, Uemura H, Nagahama K, Okudela K, Furuya M, Ino Y, Ito Y, Hirano H, Inayama Y, Aoki I, Nagashima Y, Kubota Y, Ishiguro H. Identification of miR-30d as a novel prognostic maker of prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2013; 3:1455-71. [PMID: 23231923 PMCID: PMC3717805 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignant carcinoma that develops in men in Western countries. MicroRNA (miRNA) have the potential to be used as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the treatment of various cancers. We found significantly higher expression of miR-30d in 3 PCa cell lines (PC3, DU145 and LNCaP) compared with 2 normal prostate cell lines (RWPE-1 and PrSc) using miRNA microarrays and qPCR. Clinicopathological study revealed that miR-30d expression levels were significantly higher in cancer tissue samples than in the paired normal controls (P = 0.03). Furthermore, the miR-30d−high group had shorter time to biochemical recurrence (P = 0.026). MiR-30d overexpressed PCa cells promoted proliferation and invasion in vitro. Inoculation of miR-30d depleted PCa cells dramatically reduced tumor volumes in vivo. Using reporter gene assay, we identified miR-30d as a downregulator of SOCS1 expression by directly binding to 3'-UTR of SOCS1. MiR-30d regulated the expression of phospho-STAT3, MMP-2 and MMP-9 through the downregulation of SOCS1. The levels of SOCS1 mRNA and protein were significantly down-regulated in prostate cancer tissues. Consistently, miR-30d expression was inversely correlated with SOCS1 expression (P = 0.03). The miR-30d−high/SOCS1−low group was associated with an increased risk of early biochemical recurrence (P = 0.0057). Taken together, miR-30d appears to be a novel independent prognostic marker of PCa progression that allows clinicians to identify patients who need more intensive treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohito Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
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243
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Yao Y, Charlesworth J, Nair V, Watson M. MicroRNA expression profiles in avian haemopoietic cells. Front Genet 2013; 4:153. [PMID: 23967013 PMCID: PMC3743212 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2013.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, abundant, non-coding RNAs that modulate gene expression by interfering with translation or stability of mRNA transcripts in a sequence-specific manner. A total of 734 precursor and 996 mature miRNAs have so far been identified in the chicken genome. A number of these miRNAs are expressed in a cell type-specific manner, and understanding their function requires detailed examination of their expression in different cell types. We carried out deep sequencing of small RNA populations isolated from stimulated or transformed avian haemopoietic cell lines to determine the changes in the expression profiles of these important regulatory molecules during these biological events. There were significant changes in the expression of a number of miRNAs, including miR-155, in chicken B cells stimulated with CD40 ligand. Similarly, avian leukosis virus (ALV)-transformed DT40 cells also showed changes in miRNA expression in relation to the naïve cells. Embryonic stem cell line BP25 demonstrated a distinct cluster of upregulated miRNAs, many of which were shown previously to be involved in embryonic stem cell development. Finally, chicken macrophage cell line HD11 showed changes in miRNA profiles, some of which are thought to be related to the transformation by v-myc transduced by the virus. This work represents the first publication of a catalog of microRNA expression in a range of important avian cells and provides insights into the potential roles of miRNAs in the hematopoietic lineages of cells in a model non-mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiu Yao
- Avian Viral Diseases Programme, Compton Laboratory, The Pirbright Institute Berkshire, UK
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244
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Yang T, Zheng ZM, Li XN, Li ZF, Wang Y, Geng YF, Bai L, Zhang XB. MiR-223 modulates multidrug resistance via downregulation of ABCB1 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2013; 238:1024-32. [PMID: 23925649 DOI: 10.1177/1535370213497321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) has become a major impediment to a successful treatment for liver cancer patients, and one of the common reasons for MDR is the activation of ABCB1 gene, leading to the over-expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which conferred cancer cells be resistant to a broad range of anticancer drugs. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short, non-coding RNA moleculars that can regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. In the current study, the aim is to explore whether miRNA participates in the regulation of MDR mediated by ABCB1. We found that the expression of ABCB1 was correlated with the doxorubicin IC50 dose in eight hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines: Hep3B, HCC3, LM-6, SMMC7721, Huh-7, SK-Hep-1, HepG2 and BEL-7402. Using the bioinformatics, we discovered that there were several miRNAs that can bind to the 3'UTR of ABCB1 gene. Among these candidate miRNAs, miR-223 was chosen for further study. Then, EGFP reporter assay, real-time PCR and Western blot were performed to verify that miR-223 targeted ABCB1 3'UTR directly, and miR-223 downregulated ABCB1 at both mRNA and protein levels. Finally, we found that the over-expression of miR-223 increased the HCC cell sensitivity to anticancer drugs, and the inhibition of miR-223 had the opposite effect. Importantly, the over-expression or silencing of ABCB1 can rescue the cell response to the anticancer drugs mediated by miR-223 over-expression or inhibition, respectively. In conclusion, our findings indicated that miR-223 played an important role in the regulation of MDR mediated by ABCB1, and it suggests that miR-223 may be considered as a therapeutic biomarker for HCC patients who had MDR problems induced by high expression of ABCB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Hospital of Shangjiazhuang City, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province 050011, China
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245
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Xu B, Wang B, Wang Z, Liang Y, Zhou J, Hu J, Jiang B. Epigenetic silencing of miR-126 contributes to tumor invasion and angiogenesis in colorectal cancer. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:1976-84. [PMID: 23900443 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to play a crucial role in regulating a variety of genes pivotal for tumor metastasis. miR-126 is well known as one of the angiogenesis regulatory miRNAs. Recent studies have reported controversial roles of miR-126 in tumor progression. In this study, we sought to investigate the potential roles of miR-126 in colorectal cancer (CRC). By real-time PCR, miR-126 was shown to be downregulated in primary CRC tissues and cell lines. Restoration of miR-126 in CRC cells inhibited cell growth, migration and invasion. Using both in silico prediction and immunoblotting, we found that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was a target of miR-126. The interaction of miR-126 on the 3'UTR of VEGF mRNA was validated by luciferase reporter assay. Mechanistically, we found that the silencing of miR-126 was induced by promoter methyl-ation of its host gene, EGFL7. Treatment with 5-aza-CdR restored miR-126 expression and thereby led to a decline in VEGF expression. Functionally, due to suppression of VEGF, enhanced miR-126 expression inhibited tumor neovasculature triggered by CRC cells. In conclusion, our findings suggest that DNA methylation-induced silencing of miR-126 contributes, at least in part, to tumor invasion and angiogenesis in CRC, through upregulation of VEGF expression. miR-126 may be a potential target for the therapeutic strategy against CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nangfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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246
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MicroRNA-30a suppresses breast tumor growth and metastasis by targeting metadherin. Oncogene 2013; 33:3119-28. [PMID: 23851509 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating data have shown the involvement of microRNAs in cancerous processes as either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Here, we established miR-30a as a tumor suppressor gene in breast cancer development and metastasis. Ectopic expression of miR-30a in breast cancer cell lines resulted in the suppression of cell growth and metastasis in vitro. Consistently, the xenograft mouse model also unveiled the suppressive effects of miR-30a on tumor growth and distal pulmonary metastasis. With dual luciferase reporter assay, we revealed that miR-30a could bind to the 3'-untranslated region of metadherin (MTDH) gene, thus exerting inhibitory effect on MTDH. Furthermore, we demonstrated that silence of MTDH could recapitulate the effects of miR-30a overexpression, while overexpression of MTDH could partially abrogate miR-30a-mediated suppression. Of significance, expression level of miR-30a was found to be significantly lower in primary breast cancer tissues than in the paired normal tissues. Further evaluation verified that miR-30a was negatively correlated with the extent of lymph node and lung metastasis in patients with breast cancer. Taken together, our findings indicated miR-30a inhibits breast cancer proliferation and metastasis by directly targeting MTDH, and miR-30a can serve as a prognostic marker for breast cancer. Manipulation of miR-30a may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for breast cancer treatment.
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247
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Ribeiro JP, Mahal LK. Dot by dot: analyzing the glycome using lectin microarrays. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2013; 17:827-31. [PMID: 23856055 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The glycome, that is, the cohort of carbohydrates within a cell or tissue, plays a key part in diverse biological interactions involved in health and disease. Glycans are structurally complex and notoriously difficult to analyze. Lectin microarrays, a sensitive and high-throughput method for glycomic profiling, provide a global view of the glycome. In recent work, this technology has been successfully applied to a wide range of studies, from identification of glycan-based stem cell markers to the detection of pathogens and early diagnosis of disease. This review focuses on advances in the field of lectin microarrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P Ribeiro
- Biomedical Chemistry Institute, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, Room 1001, New York, NY 10003, USA
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248
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Gerken TA, Revoredo L, Thome JJC, Tabak LA, Vester-Christensen MB, Clausen H, Gahlay GK, Jarvis DL, Johnson RW, Moniz HA, Moremen K. The lectin domain of the polypeptide GalNAc transferase family of glycosyltransferases (ppGalNAc Ts) acts as a switch directing glycopeptide substrate glycosylation in an N- or C-terminal direction, further controlling mucin type O-glycosylation. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:19900-14. [PMID: 23689369 PMCID: PMC3707691 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.477877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucin type O-glycosylation is initiated by a large family of polypeptide GalNAc transferases (ppGalNAc Ts) that add α-GalNAc to the Ser and Thr residues of peptides. Of the 20 human isoforms, all but one are composed of two globular domains linked by a short flexible linker: a catalytic domain and a ricin-like lectin carbohydrate binding domain. Presently, the roles of the catalytic and lectin domains in peptide and glycopeptide recognition and specificity remain unclear. To systematically study the role of the lectin domain in ppGalNAc T glycopeptide substrate utilization, we have developed a series of novel random glycopeptide substrates containing a single GalNAc-O-Thr residue placed near either the N or C terminus of the glycopeptide substrate. Our results reveal that the presence and N- or C-terminal placement of the GalNAc-O-Thr can be important determinants of overall catalytic activity and specificity that differ between transferase isoforms. For example, ppGalNAc T1, T2, and T14 prefer C-terminally placed GalNAc-O-Thr, whereas ppGalNAc T3 and T6 prefer N-terminally placed GalNAc-O-Thr. Several transferase isoforms, ppGalNAc T5, T13, and T16, display equally enhanced N- or C-terminal activities relative to the nonglycosylated control peptides. This N- and/or C-terminal selectivity is presumably due to weak glycopeptide binding to the lectin domain, whose orientation relative to the catalytic domain is dynamic and isoform-dependent. Such N- or C-terminal glycopeptide selectivity provides an additional level of control or fidelity for the O-glycosylation of biologically significant sites and suggests that O-glycosylation may in some instances be exquisitely controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Gerken
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (W. A. Bernbaum Center for Cystic Fibrosis Research)
- Biochemistry, and
- Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Leslie Revoredo
- Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Joseph J. C. Thome
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (W. A. Bernbaum Center for Cystic Fibrosis Research)
| | - Lawrence A. Tabak
- the Section on Biological Chemistry, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Malene Bech Vester-Christensen
- the Copenhagen Center for Glycomics (CCG), Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Henrik Clausen
- the Copenhagen Center for Glycomics (CCG), Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Gagandeep K. Gahlay
- the Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, and
| | - Donald L. Jarvis
- the Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, and
| | - Roy W. Johnson
- the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Heather A. Moniz
- the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Kelley Moremen
- the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
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249
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Jin Y, Peng D, Shen Y, Xu M, Liang Y, Xiao B, Lu J. MicroRNA-376c Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Invasion in Osteosarcoma by Targeting to Transforming Growth Factor-Alpha. DNA Cell Biol 2013; 32:302-9. [PMID: 23631646 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2013.1977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Liang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-product Deep Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Bowen Xiao
- Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Ward, Central Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Lu
- The Medical School of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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250
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Wang K, Jia Z, Zou J, Zhang A, Wang G, Hao J, Wang Y, Yang S, Pu P. Analysis of hsa-miR-30a-5p expression in human gliomas. Pathol Oncol Res 2013; 19:405-11. [PMID: 23606081 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-012-9593-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that miR-30a-5p was upregulated in six malignant glioma cell lines by microRNA(miRNA) array. For further verification of this finding, the expression of miR-30a-5p in 7 more malignant glioma cell lines, 43 freshly resected glioma samples and 75 archival paraffin embedded glioma specimens with different grade of malignancy were examined by qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization(ISH). Here, we present the first evidence that miR-30a-5p is overexpressed in glioma cell lines and glioma samples as compared to the normal brain tissues (NBTs), and its expression level is positively correlated with tumor grade of malignancy. It is concluded that miR-30a-5p may have the potential as a diagnostic or prognostic marker of gliomas and as the target of miRNA-based glioma therapy in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hangzhou Xiasha Hospital, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, People's Republic of China
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