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Peterson A, Nair L. Hair Follicle Stem Cells for Tissue Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 28:695-706. [PMID: 34238037 PMCID: PMC9419938 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
With the positive outcomes of various cell therapies currently under pre-clinical and clinical studies, there is a significant interest in novel stem cell sources with unique therapeutic properties. Studies over the past two decades or so demonstrated the feasibility to isolate multipotent/pluripotent stem cells from hair follicles. The easy accessibility, high proliferation and differentiation ability as well as lack of ethical concerns associated with this stem cell source make hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) attractive candidate for cell therapy and tissue engineering. This review discusses the various stem cell types identified in rodent and human hair follicles and ongoing studies on the potential use of HFSCs for skin, bone, cardio-vascular, and nerve tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Peterson
- University of Connecticut, 7712, Storrs, Connecticut, United States;
| | - Lakshmi Nair
- University of Connecticut Health Center, 21654, Orthopaedic Surgery, Farmington, Connecticut, United States;
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202
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A KRT71 Loss-of-Function Variant Results in Inner Root Sheath Dysplasia and Recessive Congenital Hypotrichosis of Hereford Cattle. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12071038. [PMID: 34356054 PMCID: PMC8304205 DOI: 10.3390/genes12071038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genodermatoses, such as heritable skin disorders, mostly represent Mendelian conditions. Congenital hypotrichosis (HY) characterize a condition of being born with less hair than normal. The purpose of this study was to characterize the clinicopathological phenotype of a breed-specific non-syndromic form of HY in Hereford cattle and to identify the causative genetic variant for this recessive disorder. Affected calves showed a very short, fine, wooly, kinky and curly coat over all parts of the body, with a major expression in the ears, the inner part of the limbs, and in the thoracic-abdominal region. Histopathology showed a severely altered morphology of the inner root sheath (IRS) of the hair follicle with abnormal Huxley and Henle’s layers and severely dysplastic hair shafts. A genome-wide association study revealed an association signal on chromosome 5. Homozygosity mapping in a subset of cases refined the HY locus to a 690 kb critical interval encompassing a cluster of type II keratin encoding genes. Protein-coding exons of six positional candidate genes with known hair or hair follicle function were re-sequenced. This revealed a protein-changing variant in the KRT71 gene that encodes a type II keratin specifically expressed in the IRS of the hair follicle (c.281delTGTGCCCA; p.Met94AsnfsX14). Besides obvious phenocopies, a perfect concordance between the presence of this most likely pathogenic loss-of-function variant located in the head domain of KRT71 and the HY phenotype was found. This recessive KRT71-related form of hypotrichosis provides a novel large animal model for similar human conditions. The results have been incorporated in the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals (OMIA) database (OMIA 002114-9913).
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203
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Philpott MP. Watching hair turn grey. eLife 2021; 10:70584. [PMID: 34190044 PMCID: PMC8245124 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysing changes in hair pigmentation may lead to a better understanding of the impacts of ‘life events’ on human biology and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Philpott
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London, United Kingdom
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204
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Xu H, Ma G, Mu F, Ning B, Li H, Wang N. STAT3 Partly Inhibits Cell Proliferation via Direct Negative Regulation of FST Gene Expression. Front Genet 2021; 12:678667. [PMID: 34239543 PMCID: PMC8259742 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.678667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Follistatin (FST) is a secretory glycoprotein and belongs to the TGF-β superfamily. Previously, we found that two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of sheep FST gene were significantly associated with wool quality traits in Chinese Merino sheep (Junken type), indicating that FST is involved in the regulation of hair follicle development and hair trait formation. The transcription regulation of human and mouse FST genes has been widely investigated, and many transcription factors have been identified to regulate FST gene. However, to date, the transcriptional regulation of sheep FST is largely unknown. In the present study, genome walking was used to close the genomic gap upstream of the sheep genomic FST gene and to obtain the FST gene promoter sequence. Transcription factor binding site analysis showed sheep FST promoter region contained a conserved putative binding site for signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), located at nucleotides -423 to -416 relative to the first nucleotide (A, +1) of the initiation codon (ATG) of sheep FST gene. The dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that STAT3 inhibited the FST promoter activity and that the mutation of the putative STAT3 binding site attenuated the inhibitory effect of STAT3 on the FST promoter activity. Additionally, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (ChIP) exhibited that STAT3 is directly bound to the FST promoter. Cell proliferation assay displayed that FST and STAT3 played opposite roles in cell proliferation. Overexpression of sheep FST significantly promoted the proliferation of sheep fetal fibroblasts (SFFs) and human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells, and overexpression of sheep STAT3 displayed opposite results, which was accompanied by a significantly reduced expression of FST gene (P < 0.05). Taken together, STAT3 directly negatively regulates sheep FST gene and depresses cell proliferation. Our findings may contribute to understanding molecular mechanisms that underlie hair follicle development and morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Guangwei Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Fang Mu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Bolin Ning
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Ning Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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205
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Jin H, Zou Z, Chang H, Shen Q, Liu L, Xing D. Photobiomodulation therapy for hair regeneration: A synergetic activation of β-CATENIN in hair follicle stem cells by ROS and paracrine WNTs. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:1568-1583. [PMID: 34019818 PMCID: PMC8190671 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) has shown encouraging results in the treatment of hair loss. However, the mechanism by which PBMT controls cell behavior to coordinate hair cycle is unclear. Here, PBMT is found to drive quiescent hair follicle stem cell (HFSC) activation and alleviate hair follicle atrophy. Mechanistically, PBMT triggers a new hair cycle by upregulating β-CATENIN expression in HFSCs. Loss of β-Catenin (Ctnnb1) in HFSCs blocked PBMT-induced hair regeneration. Additionally, we show PBMT-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) activate the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway to inhibit proteasome degradation of β-CATENIN in HFSCs. Furthermore, PBMT promotes the expression and secretion of WNTs in skin-derived precursors (SKPs) to further activate the β-CATENIN signal in HFSCs. By contrast, eliminating ROS or inhibiting WNT secretion attenuates the activation of HFSCs triggered by PBMT. Collectively, our work suggests that PBMT promotes hair regeneration through synergetic activation of β-CATENIN in HFSCs by ROS and paracrine WNTs by SKPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Zhengzhi Zou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Haocai Chang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Qi Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Lingfeng Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Da Xing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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206
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Bejaoui M, Taarji N, Saito M, Nakajima M, Isoda H. Argan (Argania Spinosa) press cake extract enhances cell proliferation and prevents oxidative stress and inflammation of human dermal papilla cells. J Dermatol Sci 2021; 103:33-40. [PMID: 34158211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hair follicle undergoes a growth cycle under the regulation of dermal papilla cells. Due to their enormous roles, these fibroblast cells have been used in various in vitro studies as a screening model to evaluate the effect of hair growth regulating agents. OBJECTIVE In the current study, we aim to check the hair growth potential effect of Argan press cake (APC) extracted using 50 or 80 % aqueous ethanol on human hair follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPCs) and to determine the molecular mechanism. METHODS APC were applied to HFDPCs, then cell proliferation assays, mitochondrial biogenesis assay, and oxidative stress assay were assessed. DNA microarray was performed from the cells treated with our samples and minoxidil. Validation of the results was done using Quantitative Real-Time PCR with primers for hair-growth related genes. GC/MS analysis was used to determine the compounds contained in APC 50 and 80 %. RESULTS APC enhanced cell proliferation along with the stimulation of the ATP content. Additionally, APC had an anti-oxidant activity against H2O2 mediated oxidative stress preventing dermal papilla cell senescence. Consistent with this, global gene profiling analysis showed an activation of hair growth-related pathway, and a downregulation of inflammation- and oxidative stress-related genes by APC extracts. GC/MS analysis revealed that these extracts contained pure fatty acids, derived sugar chains, and pure compounds including tocopherols, squalene, and spinasterol. CONCLUSION Taken together, here we showed that APC extracts had an effect on stimulating hair growth while inhibiting the inflammation and the oxidative stress of HFDPCs and thus can potentially contribute to an anti-hair loss drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Bejaoui
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; AIST-University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), AIST, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Noamane Taarji
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; AIST-University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), AIST, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masako Saito
- Planning Department R & D Division, ADEKA CORPORATION, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Nakajima
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; AIST-University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), AIST, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; AIST-University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), AIST, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
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207
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Xu L, Gao W, Bai S, Duan H, Pan X, Wu W. MEF/KSF-conditioned culture medium: An effective method for in vitro culture of mouse dermal papilla cells with osteogenic differentiation potential. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:828. [PMID: 34149874 PMCID: PMC8200806 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair follicle stem cells are pluripotent and have a self-renewal capacity and multi-differentiation potential in vitro. As hair follicle stem cells can be easily sampled from the skin and hair of clinical patients at a considerable quantity, these cells have potential applications in wound repair and skin tissue engineering. Effective approaches for the in vitro culture and amplification of mouse hair follicle stem cells, as well as the in vitro osteogenic differentiation potential and cell source when obtaining mouse-separated cells were examined. Serial subculture was performed in different culture systems. Cell source was detected based on the relevant surface markers derived from mouse hair follicles at the gene and protein levels, and the differential potential was determined. The proliferative ability of hair follicle-derived stem cells obtained from mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF)/keratinocyte serum-free medium (KSF)-conditioned medium was the highest among all culture systems. The induced group had a stronger osteogenic differentiation potential compared with the non-induced group, indicating that the cells obtained from MEF/KSF-conditioned medium were cells derived from the hair follicle dermal papilla. Therefore, the strong osteogenic differentiation potential of the hair follicle-derived mesenchymal stem cells was screened with MEF/KSF-conditioned culture medium following amplification, and biological characteristics similar to those of hair follicle dermal papilla cells were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Wenlan Gao
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Bai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Huichuan Duan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Xiaogang Pan
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth Peoples' Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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208
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Naue J, Winkelmann J, Schmidt U, Lutz-Bonengel S. Analysis of age-dependent DNA methylation changes in plucked hair samples using massive parallel sequencing. Rechtsmedizin (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00194-021-00487-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe analysis of age-dependent DNA methylation changes is a valuable tool in epigenetic research and forensic genetics. With some exceptions, most studies in the past concentrated on the analysis of blood, buccal, and saliva samples. Another important sample type in forensic investigations is hair, where age-dependent DNA methylation has not been investigated so far. In this pilot study a deeper look was taken at the possibilities and challenges of DNA methylation analysis in hair. The DNA methylation of selected age-dependent 5’-C-phosphate-G‑3’ (CpG) sites were characterized for their potential use as a biomarker for age prediction using plucked hair samples and massive parallel sequencing. Plucked hair roots of 49 individuals were included in the study. The DNA methylation of 31 hairs was successfully analyzed. The DNA methylation pattern of 10 loci, including ELOVL2, F5, KLF14, and TRIM59, was determined by amplicon-based massive parallel sequencing. Age-dependent changes were found for several markers. The results demonstrate the possible use of already established age-dependent markers but at the same time they have tissue/cell type-specific characteristics. Special challenges such as low amounts of DNA and degraded DNA as well as the possible heterogeneous cellular composition of plucked hair samples, have to be considered.
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209
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Liu F, Zhang X, Peng Y, Zhang L, Yu Y, Hua P, Zhu P, Yan X, Li Y, Zhang L. miR-24 controls the regenerative competence of hair follicle progenitors by targeting Plk3. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109225. [PMID: 34107258 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining a suitable level of sensitivity to environmental cues is crucial for proper function of adult stem cells. Here, we explore how the intrinsic sensitivity of skin hair follicle (HF) progenitors to growth stimuli is dynamically regulated. We discover miR-24 is an miRNA whose expression in HF progenitors inversely correlates with their growth potency in vivo. We show that its upregulation in adult skin epithelium leads to blunted responses of HF progenitors to growth cues and retards hair regeneration, while its conditional ablation leads to hyper-sensitized growth responsiveness of HF progenitors and precocious hair regeneration. Mechanistically, we find that miR-24 limits the intrinsic growth competence of HF progenitor by directly targeting Plk3, whose downregulation leads to reduced expression of CCNE1, a key cyclin for cell-cycle entry. These findings reveal an miRNA-mediated dynamic and cell-intrinsic mechanism used by HF progenitors to adapt their regenerative competence for different physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhen Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - You Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yao Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Peng Hua
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Peiying Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xinyu Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China.
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210
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Forensic proteomics. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2021; 54:102529. [PMID: 34139528 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2021.102529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein is a major component of all biological evidence, often the matrix that embeds other biomolecules such as polynucleotides, lipids, carbohydrates, and small molecules. The proteins in a sample reflect the transcriptional and translational program of the originating cell types. Because of this, proteins can be used to identify body fluids and tissues, as well as convey genetic information in the form of single amino acid polymorphisms, the result of non-synonymous SNPs. This review explores the application and potential of forensic proteomics. The historical role that protein analysis played in the development of forensic science is examined. This review details how innovations in proteomic mass spectrometry have addressed many of the historical limitations of forensic protein science, and how the application of forensic proteomics differs from proteomics in the life sciences. Two more developed applications of forensic proteomics are examined in detail: body fluid and tissue identification, and proteomic genotyping. The review then highlights developing areas of proteomics that have the potential to impact forensic science in the near future: fingermark analysis, species identification, peptide toxicology, proteomic sex estimation, and estimation of post-mortem intervals. Finally, the review highlights some of the newer innovations in proteomics that may drive further development of the field. In addition to potential impact, this review also attempts to evaluate the stage of each application in the development, validation and implementation process. This review is targeted at investigators who are interested in learning about proteomics in a forensic context and expanding the amount of information they can extract from biological evidence.
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211
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Abreu CM, Gasperini L, Lago MEL, Reis RL, Marques AP. Microscopy-guided laser ablation for the creation of complex skin models with folliculoid appendages. Bioeng Transl Med 2021; 6:e10195. [PMID: 34027085 PMCID: PMC8126819 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineering complex tissues requires the use of advanced biofabrication techniques that allow the replication of the tissue's 3D microenvironment, architecture and cellular interactions. In the case of skin, the most successful strategies to introduce the complexity of hair follicle (HF) appendages have highlighted the importance of facilitating direct interaction between dermal papilla (DP) cells and keratinocytes (KCs) in organotypic skin models. In this work, we took advantage of microscopy-guided laser ablation (MGLA) to microfabricate a fibroblast-populated collagen hydrogel and create a subcompartment that guides the migration of KCs and lead their interaction with DP cells to recreate follicular structures. Upon definition of the processing parameters (laser incidence area and power), MGLA was used to create 3D microchannels from the surface of a standard organotypic human skin model up to the aggregates containing DP cells and KCs, previously incorporated into the dermal-like fibroblast-collagen layer. Analysis of the constructs showed that the fabricated microfeatures successfully guided the fusion between epidermal and aggregates keratinocytes, which differentiated into follicular-like structures within the organotypic human skin model, increasing its functionality. In summary, we demonstrate the fabrication of a highly structured 3D hydrogel-based construct using MGLA to attain a complex skin model bearing folliculoid structures, highlighting its potential use as an in vitro platform to study the mechanisms controlling HF development or for the screening of bioactive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M. Abreu
- 3B's Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of MinhoGuimarãesPortugal
- ICVS/3B's – PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
| | - Luca Gasperini
- 3B's Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of MinhoGuimarãesPortugal
- ICVS/3B's – PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
| | - Manuela E. L. Lago
- 3B's Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of MinhoGuimarãesPortugal
- ICVS/3B's – PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of MinhoGuimarãesPortugal
- ICVS/3B's – PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
| | - Alexandra P. Marques
- 3B's Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of MinhoGuimarãesPortugal
- ICVS/3B's – PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
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212
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Žnidarič M, Žurga ŽM, Maver U. Design of In Vitro Hair Follicles for Different Applications in the Treatment of Alopecia-A Review. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040435. [PMID: 33923738 PMCID: PMC8072628 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The hair research field has seen great improvement in recent decades, with in vitro hair follicle (HF) models being extensively developed. However, due to the cellular complexity and number of various molecular interactions that must be coordinated, a fully functional in vitro model of HFs remains elusive. The most common bioengineering approach to grow HFs in vitro is to manipulate their features on cellular and molecular levels, with dermal papilla cells being the main focus. In this study, we focus on providing a better understanding of HFs in general and how they behave in vitro. The first part of the review presents skin morphology with an emphasis on HFs and hair loss. The remainder of the paper evaluates cells, materials, and methods of in vitro growth of HFs. Lastly, in vitro models and assays for evaluating the effects of active compounds on alopecia and hair growth are presented, with the final emphasis on applications of in vitro HFs in hair transplantation. Since the growth of in vitro HFs is a complicated procedure, there is still a great number of unanswered questions aimed at understanding the long-term cycling of HFs without losing inductivity. Incorporating other regions of HFs that lead to the successful formation of different hair classes remains a difficult challenge.
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213
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de Groot SC, Ulrich MMW, Gho CG, Huisman MA. Back to the Future: From Appendage Development Toward Future Human Hair Follicle Neogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:661787. [PMID: 33912569 PMCID: PMC8075059 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.661787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair disorders such as alopecia and hirsutism often impact the social and psychological well-being of an individual. This also holds true for patients with severe burns who have lost their hair follicles (HFs). HFs stimulate proper wound healing and prevent scar formation; thus, HF research can benefit numerous patients. Although hair development and hair disorders are intensively studied, human HF development has not been fully elucidated. Research on human fetal material is often subject to restrictions, and thus development, disease, and wound healing studies remain largely dependent on time-consuming and costly animal studies. Although animal experiments have yielded considerable and useful information, it is increasingly recognized that significant differences exist between animal and human skin and that it is important to obtain meaningful human models. Human disease specific models could therefore play a key role in future therapy. To this end, hair organoids or hair-bearing skin-on-chip created from the patient’s own cells can be used. To create such a complex 3D structure, knowledge of hair genesis, i.e., the early developmental process, is indispensable. Thus, uncovering the mechanisms underlying how HF progenitor cells within human fetal skin form hair buds and subsequently HFs is of interest. Organoid studies have shown that nearly all organs can be recapitulated as mini-organs by mimicking embryonic conditions and utilizing the relevant morphogens and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Therefore, knowledge of the cellular and ECM proteins in the skin of human fetuses is critical to understand the evolution of epithelial tissues, including skin appendages. This review aims to provide an overview of our current understanding of the cellular changes occurring during human skin and HF development. We further discuss the potential implementation of this knowledge in establishing a human in vitro model of a full skin substitute containing hair follicles and the subsequent translation to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon C de Groot
- Association of Dutch Burn Centres, Beverwijk, Netherlands.,Hair Science Institute, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Coen G Gho
- Hair Science Institute, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Margriet A Huisman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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214
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Stone RC, Aviv A, Paus R. Telomere Dynamics and Telomerase in the Biology of Hair Follicles and their Stem Cells as a Model for Aging Research. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:1031-1040. [PMID: 33509633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we propose that telomere length dynamics play an important but underinvestigated role in the biology of the hair follicle (HF), a prototypic, cyclically remodeled miniorgan that shows an intriguing aging pattern in humans. Whereas the HF pigmentary unit ages quickly, its epithelial stem cell (ESC) component and regenerative capacity are surprisingly aging resistant. Telomerase-deficient mice with short telomeres display an aging phenotype of hair graying and hair loss that is attributed to impaired HF ESC mobilization. Yet, it remains unclear whether the function of telomerase and telomeres in murine HF biology translate to the human system. Therefore, we propose new directions for future telomere research of the human HF. Such research may guide the development of novel treatments for selected disorders of human hair growth or pigmentation (e.g., chemotherapy-induced alopecia, telogen effluvium, androgenetic alopecia, cicatricial alopecia, graying). It might also increase the understanding of the global role of telomeres in aging-related human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rivka C Stone
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
| | - Abraham Aviv
- The Center of Human Development and Aging, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ralf Paus
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany
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215
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Martino PA, Heitman N, Rendl M. The dermal sheath: An emerging component of the hair follicle stem cell niche. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:512-521. [PMID: 33006790 PMCID: PMC8016715 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hair follicles cyclically regenerate throughout adult mammalian life, owing to a resident population of epithelial hair follicle stem cells. Stem cell (SC) activity drives bouts of follicle growth, which are periodically interrupted by follicle regression and rest. These phases and the transitions between them are tightly spatiotemporally coordinated by signalling crosstalk between stem/progenitor cells and the various cell types of the microenvironment, or niche. The dermal papilla (DP) is a cluster of specialized mesenchymal cells that have long been recognized for important niche roles in regulating hair follicle SC activation, as well as progenitor proliferation and differentiation during follicle growth. In addition to the DP, the mesenchyme of the murine pelage follicle is also comprised of a follicle-lining smooth muscle known as the dermal sheath (DS), which has been far less studied than the DP yet may be equally specialized and important for hair cycling. In this review, we define the murine pelage DS in comparison with human DS and discuss recent work that highlights the emergent importance of the DS in the hair follicle SC niche. Last, we examine potential therapeutic applications for the DS in hair regeneration and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter A. Martino
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Atran Building AB7-10C, Box 1020; 1428 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Atran Building AB7-10C, Box 1020; 1428 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nicholas Heitman
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Atran Building AB7-10C, Box 1020; 1428 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Atran Building AB7-10C, Box 1020; 1428 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Michael Rendl
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Atran Building AB7-10C, Box 1020; 1428 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Atran Building AB7-10C, Box 1020; 1428 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Atran Building AB7-10C, Box 1020; 1428 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029, USA
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216
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Hawkshaw NJ, Paus R. Beyond the NFAT Horizon: From Cyclosporine A-Induced Adverse Skin Effects to Novel Therapeutics. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 42:316-328. [PMID: 33752908 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The immunophilin ligand, cyclosporine A (CsA), which inhibits nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) activity, is a cornerstone of immunosuppressive therapy. Yet, the molecular basis of its prominent, nonimmunosuppression-related adverse skin effects, namely drug-induced excessive hair growth (hypertrichosis), is insufficiently understood. Here, we argue that analysis of these adverse effects can uncover clinically important, previously unknown mechanisms of CsA and identify new molecular targets and lead compounds for therapeutic intervention. We exemplify this through our recent discovery that CsA suppresses the potent Wnt inhibitor, secreted frizzled related protein (SFRP)1, in human hair follicles, thereby promoting hair growth and causing hypertrichosis. On this basis, we advocate a new focus on deciphering the molecular basis of the adverse effects of CsA in suitable human model systems as a lead to developing novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Hawkshaw
- Centre for Dermatology Research, The University of Manchester and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK.
| | - Ralf Paus
- Centre for Dermatology Research, The University of Manchester and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK; Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Monasterium Laboratory Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Münster, Germany.
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217
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Abstract
Significance: Hair follicles are complex miniorgans that reside in the dermal layer of the skin. When the skin is wounded, epidermal stem cells in the hair follicle activate and start migrating into the wound site, differentiating into epidermal cells. and contributing to the reepithelialization of the wound. The hair follicles represent the deepest epidermal elements in the skin, which are extremely beneficial in partial-thickness burns and abrasions where the skin can regenerate from the hair follicles. Recent Advances: Advanced animal models have demonstrated that the contribution of epidermal stem cells in the hair follicle bulge and isthmus regions is important for wound healing. In addition, several clinical studies have shown successful harvesting and transplantation of hair follicles as a treatment modality to accelerate wound healing. Critical Issues: Deep and large wounds require hospitalization and, without exception, surgical treatment. Harvesting and direct transplantation of hair follicles could provide a great source of autologous epidermal stem cells for wound healing. The procedure can be done in an outpatient setting, quickly and without creating a large donor site wound. Future Directions: Transplantation of hair follicles in a combination with novel biomaterials could provide advantageous treatment possibilities for both chronic wounds and burns. There is a substantial amount of molecular signaling data available on the role of hair follicles during wound repair, but almost all the data are derived from rodent models, and thus, more information from large animals and most importantly from humans would be beneficial and help to advance this promising treatment further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristo Nuutila
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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218
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Contessi Negrini N, Angelova Volponi A, Higgins C, Sharpe P, Celiz A. Scaffold-based developmental tissue engineering strategies for ectodermal organ regeneration. Mater Today Bio 2021; 10:100107. [PMID: 33889838 PMCID: PMC8050778 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) is a multidisciplinary research field aiming at the regeneration, restoration, or replacement of damaged tissues and organs. Classical TE approaches combine scaffolds, cells and soluble factors to fabricate constructs mimicking the native tissue to be regenerated. However, to date, limited success in clinical translations has been achieved by classical TE approaches, because of the lack of satisfactory biomorphological and biofunctional features of the obtained constructs. Developmental TE has emerged as a novel TE paradigm to obtain tissues and organs with correct biomorphology and biofunctionality by mimicking the morphogenetic processes leading to the tissue/organ generation in the embryo. Ectodermal appendages, for instance, develop in vivo by sequential interactions between epithelium and mesenchyme, in a process known as secondary induction. A fine artificial replication of these complex interactions can potentially lead to the fabrication of the tissues/organs to be regenerated. Successful developmental TE applications have been reported, in vitro and in vivo, for ectodermal appendages such as teeth, hair follicles and glands. Developmental TE strategies require an accurate selection of cell sources, scaffolds and cell culture configurations to allow for the correct replication of the in vivo morphogenetic cues. Herein, we describe and discuss the emergence of this TE paradigm by reviewing the achievements obtained so far in developmental TE 3D scaffolds for teeth, hair follicles, and salivary and lacrimal glands, with particular focus on the selection of biomaterials and cell culture configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Angelova Volponi
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C.A. Higgins
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - P.T. Sharpe
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A.D. Celiz
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
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219
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Sugawara K, Zákány N, Tiede S, Purba T, Harries M, Tsuruta D, Bíró T, Paus R. Human epithelial stem cell survival within their niche requires "tonic" cannabinoid receptor 1-signalling-Lessons from the hair follicle. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:479-493. [PMID: 33523535 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) regulates multiple aspects of human epithelial physiology, including inhibition/stimulation of keratinocyte proliferation/apoptosis, respectively. Yet, how the ECS impacts on human adult epithelial stem cell (eSC) functions remains unknown. Scalp hair follicles (HFs) offer a clinically relevant, prototypic model system for studying this directly within the native human stem cell niche. Here, we show in organ-cultured human HFs that, unexpectedly, selective activation of cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB1)-mediated signalling via the MAPK (MEK/Erk 1/2) and Akt pathways significantly increases the number and proliferation of cytokeratin CK15+ or CK19+ human HF bulge eSCs in situ, and enhances CK15 promoter activity in situ. In striking contrast, CB1-stimulation promotes apoptosis in the differentiated progeny of these eSCs (CK6+ HF keratinocytes). Instead, intrafollicular CB1 gene knockdown or CB1 antagonist treatment significantly reduces human HF eSCs numbers and stimulates their apoptosis, while CB1 knockout mice exhibit a reduced bulge eSCs pool in vivo. This identifies "tonic" CB1 signalling as a required survival stimulus for adult human HF eSCs within their niche. This novel concept must be taken into account whenever the human ECS is targeted therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Sugawara
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Stephan Tiede
- Department of Biochemistry, Children's Hospital, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Talveen Purba
- Centre for Dermatology Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, MAHSC, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Matthew Harries
- Centre for Dermatology Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, MAHSC, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK.,The Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Daisuke Tsuruta
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tamás Bíró
- Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany
| | - Ralf Paus
- Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany.,Centre for Dermatology Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, MAHSC, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK.,Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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220
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Ji S, Zhu Z, Sun X, Fu X. Functional hair follicle regeneration: an updated review. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:66. [PMID: 33594043 PMCID: PMC7886855 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00441-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The hair follicle (HF) is a highly conserved sensory organ associated with the immune response against pathogens, thermoregulation, sebum production, angiogenesis, neurogenesis and wound healing. Although recent advances in lineage-tracing techniques and the ability to profile gene expression in small populations of cells have increased the understanding of how stem cells operate during hair growth and regeneration, the construction of functional follicles with cycling activity is still a great challenge for the hair research field and for translational and clinical applications. Given that hair formation and cycling rely on tightly coordinated epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, we thus review potential cell sources with HF-inducive capacities and summarize current bioengineering strategies for HF regeneration with functional restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaifei Ji
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziying Zhu
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048 People’s Republic of China
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221
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Gautron A, Migault M, Bachelot L, Corre S, Galibert MD, Gilot D. Human TYRP1: Two functions for a single gene? Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2021; 34:836-852. [PMID: 33305505 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In the animal kingdom, skin pigmentation is highly variable between species, and it contributes to phenotypes. In humans, skin pigmentation plays a part in sun protection. Skin pigmentation depends on the ratio of the two pigments pheomelanin and eumelanin, both synthesized by a specialized cell population, the melanocytes. In this review, we explore one important factor in pigmentation: the tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1) gene which is involved in eumelanin synthesis via the TYRP1 protein. Counterintuitively, high TYRP1 mRNA expression is associated with a poor clinical outcome for patients with metastatic melanomas. Recently, we were able to explain this unexpected TYRP1 function by demonstrating that TYRP1 mRNA sequesters microRNA-16, a tumor suppressor miRNA. Here, we focus on actors influencing TYRP1 mRNA abundance, particularly transcription factors, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and miRNAs, as they all dictate the indirect oncogenic activity of TYRP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Gautron
- CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, F-35000, Univ. Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Mélodie Migault
- CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, F-35000, Univ. Rennes, Rennes, France.,Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Laura Bachelot
- CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, F-35000, Univ. Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Sébastien Corre
- CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, F-35000, Univ. Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Marie-Dominique Galibert
- CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, F-35000, Univ. Rennes, Rennes, France.,CHU Rennes, Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, UMR 6290, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - David Gilot
- CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, F-35000, Univ. Rennes, Rennes, France.,INSERM U1242, Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
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222
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Cho WK, Kim HI, Paek SH, Kim SY, Hyun Seo H, Song J, Lee OH, Min J, Lee SJ, Jo Y, Choi H, Lee JH, Moh SH. Gene expression profile of human follicle dermal papilla cells in response to Camellia japonica phytoplacenta extract. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:633-651. [PMID: 33410284 PMCID: PMC7931240 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Camellia japonica L. is a flowering tree with several medicinal and cosmetic applications. Here, we investigated the efficacy of C. japonica placenta extract (CJPE) as a potential therapeutic agent for promotion of hair growth and scalp health by using various in vitro and in vivo assays. Moreover, we performed transcriptome analysis to examine the relative expression of human follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPC) in response to CJPE by RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). In vitro assays revealed upregulation of the expression of hair growth marker genes in HFDPC after CJPE treatment. Moreover, in vivo clinical tests with 42 adult female participants showed that a solution containing 0.5% CJPE increased the moisture content of the scalp and decreased the scalp's sebum content, dead scalp keratin, and erythema. Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis revealed key genes in HFDPC which are associated with CJPE. Interestingly, genes associated with lipid metabolism and cholesterol efflux were upregulated. Genes upregulated by CJPE are associated with several hormones, including parathyroid, adrenocorticotropic hormone, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH), and norepinephrine, which are involved in hair follicle biology. Furthermore, some upregulated genes are associated with the regulation of axon guidance. In contrast, many genes downregulated by CJPE are associated with structural components of the cytoskeleton. In addition, CJPE suppressed genes associated with muscle structure and development. Taken together, this study provides extensive evidence that CJPE may have potential as a therapeutic agent for scalp treatment and hair growth promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Kyong Cho
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Korea
| | - Hye-In Kim
- Anti-aging Research Institute of BIO-FD&C Co., Ltd., Incheon, Korea
| | - Seung Hye Paek
- Anti-aging Research Institute of BIO-FD&C Co., Ltd., Incheon, Korea
| | - Soo-Yun Kim
- Anti-aging Research Institute of BIO-FD&C Co., Ltd., Incheon, Korea
| | - Hyo Hyun Seo
- Anti-aging Research Institute of BIO-FD&C Co., Ltd., Incheon, Korea
| | - Jihyeok Song
- Anti-aging Research Institute of BIO-FD&C Co., Ltd., Incheon, Korea
| | - Ok Hwa Lee
- Anti-aging Research Institute of BIO-FD&C Co., Ltd., Incheon, Korea
| | - Jiae Min
- Anti-aging Research Institute of BIO-FD&C Co., Ltd., Incheon, Korea
| | - Sang Jun Lee
- Anti-aging Research Institute of BIO-FD&C Co., Ltd., Incheon, Korea
| | - Yeonhwa Jo
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Korea
| | - Hoseong Choi
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Lee
- Anti-aging Research Institute of BIO-FD&C Co., Ltd., Incheon, Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Moh
- Anti-aging Research Institute of BIO-FD&C Co., Ltd., Incheon, Korea
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223
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Hintze M, Griesing S, Michels M, Blanck B, Wischhof L, Hartmann D, Bano D, Franz T. Alopecia in Harlequin mutant mice is associated with reduced AIF protein levels and expression of retroviral elements. Mamm Genome 2021; 32:12-29. [PMID: 33367954 PMCID: PMC7878237 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-020-09854-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the contribution of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), a key regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, in supporting hair growth. We report that pelage abnormalities developed during hair follicle (HF) morphogenesis in Harlequin (Hq) mutant mice. Fragility of the hair cortex was associated with decreased expression of genes encoding structural hair proteins, though key transcriptional regulators of HF development were expressed at normal levels. Notably, Aifm1 (R200 del) knockin males and Aifm1(R200 del)/Hq females showed minor hair defects, despite substantially reduced AIF levels. Furthermore, we cloned the integrated ecotropic provirus of the Aifm1Hq allele. We found that its overexpression in wild-type keratinocyte cell lines led to down-regulation of HF-specific Krt84 and Krtap3-3 genes without altering Aifm1 or epidermal Krt5 expression. Together, our findings imply that pelage paucity in Hq mutant mice is mechanistically linked to severe AIF deficiency and is associated with the expression of retroviral elements that might potentially influence the transcriptional regulation of structural hair proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Hintze
- Institute of Anatomy, Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, UKB, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
- Medical Department, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Griesing
- Institute of Anatomy, Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, UKB, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Dept. of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, 100, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Marion Michels
- Institute of Anatomy, Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, UKB, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Birgit Blanck
- Institute of Anatomy, Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, UKB, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lena Wischhof
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Dieter Hartmann
- Institute of Anatomy, Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, UKB, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniele Bano
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Franz
- Institute of Anatomy, Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, UKB, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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224
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Fu D, Huang J, Li K, Chen Y, He Y, Sun Y, Guo Y, Du L, Qu Q, Miao Y, Hu Z. Dihydrotestosterone-induced hair regrowth inhibition by activating androgen receptor in C57BL6 mice simulates androgenetic alopecia. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111247. [PMID: 33517191 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgenic alopecia (AGA), also known as male pattern baldness, is one of the most common hair loss diseases worldwide. The main treatments of AGA include hair transplant surgery, oral medicines, and LDL laser irradiation, although no treatment to date can fully cure this disease. Animal models play important roles in the exploration of potential mechanisms of disease development and in assessing novel treatments. The present study describes androgen receptor (AR) in C57BL/6 mouse hair follicles that can be activated by dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and translocate to the nucleus. This led to the design of a mouse model of androgen-induced AGA in vivo and in vitro. DHT was found to induce early hair regression, hair miniaturization, hair density loss, and changes in hair morphology in male C57BL/6 mice. These effects of DHT could be partly reversed by the AR antagonist bicalutamide. DHT had similar effects in an ex vivo model of hair loss. Evaluation of histology, organ culture, and protein expression could explain the mechanism by which DHT delayed hair regrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danlan Fu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
| | - Junfei Huang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
| | - Kaitao Li
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
| | - Ye He
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
| | - Yilong Guo
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
| | - Lijuan Du
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
| | - Qian Qu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
| | - Yong Miao
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China.
| | - Zhiqi Hu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China.
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225
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Ding H, Zhao H, Zhao X, Qi Y, Wang X, Huang D. Analysis of histology and long noncoding RNAs involved in the rabbit hair follicle density using RNA sequencing. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:89. [PMID: 33509078 PMCID: PMC7845105 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07398-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hair follicle density influences wool fibre production, which is one of the most important traits of the Wan Strain Angora rabbit. However, molecular mechanisms regulating hair follicle density have remained elusive. RESULTS In this study, hair follicle density at different body sites of Wan Strain Angora rabbits with high and low wool production (HWP and LWP) was investigated by histological analysis. Haematoxylin-eosin staining showed a higher hair follicle density in the skin of the HWP rabbits. The long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) profile was investigated by RNA sequencing, and 50 and 38 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and genes, respectively, were screened between the HWP and LWP groups. A gene ontology analysis revealed that phospholipid, lipid metabolic, apoptotic, lipid biosynthetic, and lipid and fatty acid transport processes were significantly enriched. Potential functional lncRNAs that regulate lipid metabolism, amino acid synthesis, as well as the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) and hedgehog signalling pathways, were identified. Consequently, five lncRNAs (LNC_002171, LNC_000797, LNC_005567, LNC_013595, and LNC_020367) were considered to be potential regulators of hair follicle density and development. Three DE lncRNAs and genes were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR). CONCLUSIONS LncRNA profiles provide information on lncRNA expression to improve the understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of hair follicle density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisheng Ding
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiling Zhao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxia Qi
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongwei Huang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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226
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Identification of potential key genes and pathways associated with the Pashmina fiber initiation using RNA-Seq and integrated bioinformatics analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1766. [PMID: 33469142 PMCID: PMC7815713 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81471-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pashmina goat (Capra hircus) is an economically important livestock species, which habitats the cold arid desert of the Ladakh region (India), and produces a princely animal fiber called Pashmina. The Pashmina goat has a double coat fleece as an adaptation to the very harsh cold winters the outer long coarse hair (guard hair) produced from primary hair follicles and the inner fine Pashmina fiber produced from secondary hair follicles. Pashmina fiber undergoes a circannual and synchronized growth cycle. In the present study, we analyzed transcriptome profiles from 10 different Pashmina goats during anagen and telogen to delineate genes and signaling pathways regulating active (anagen) and regressive (telogen) phases of the follicle growth. During anagen, 150 genes were expressed at significantly higher levels with log (FC) > 2 and padj < 0.05. The RNA seq results were subjected to qRT-PCR validation. Among the nine genes selected, the expression of HAS1, TRIB2, P2RX1. PRG4, CNR2, and MMP25 were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the anagen phase, whereas MC4R, GIPC2, and CDO1 were significantly expressed (p < 0.05) in the telogen phase which supports and validates the gene expression pattern from the RNA-sequencing. Differentially expressed genes revealed that Pashmina fiber initiation is largely controlled by signaling pathways like Wnt, NF-Kappa, JAK-STAT, Hippo, MAPK, Calcium, and PI3K-Akt. Expression of genes from the Integrin family, Cell adhesion molecules, and ECM-receptors were observed to be at much higher levels during anagen. We identified key genes (IL36RN, IGF2, ITGAV, ITGA5, ITCCR7, CXCL5, C3, CCL19, and CXCR3) and a collagen cluster which might be tightly correlated with anagen-induction. The regulatory network suggests the potential role of RUNX3, NR2F1/2, and GATA family transcription factors in anagen-initiation and maintaining fiber quality in Pashmina goats.
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227
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Truong VL, Keum YS, Jeong WS. Red ginseng oil promotes hair growth and protects skin against UVC radiation. J Ginseng Res 2021; 45:498-509. [PMID: 34295210 PMCID: PMC8282496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A wide range of environmental factors, such as diseases, nutritional deficiencies, ageing, hormonal imbalances, stress, and ultraviolet (UV) radiation, may affect the structure and function of the skin that covers the entire surface of the human body. In this study, we investigated roles of red ginseng oil (RGO) in enhancing skin functions, including hair growth and skin protection, using mouse models. Methods For hair growth experiment, shaved dorsal skins of C57BL/6 mice were topically applied with vehicle, RGO, RGO's major compounds, or minoxidil for consecutive 21 days and skin tissues were examined the hair growth promoting capacity. For skin protection experiment, SKH-1 hairless mice were topically applied with vehicle or RGO twice a day for three days prior to exposure to UVC radiation at 20 kJ/cm2. Skin tissues were collected to evaluate skin protective effects of RGO. Results Topical application of RGO to C57BL/6 mice effectively promoted hair regeneration by inducing early telogen-to-anagen transition and significantly increasing the density and bulb diameter of hair follicles. Major compounds, including linoleic acids and β-sitosterol, contributed to RGO-promoted hair growth. Treatment with RGO as well as its major components upregulated expression of hair growth–related proteins. Furthermore, in SKH-1 hairless mice, RGO had a protective effect against UVC-induced skin damage by inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis, as well as inducing cytoprotective systems. Conclusion These data suggest that RGO may be a potent agent for improving skin health and thereby preventing and/or treating hair loss and protecting skin against UV radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Long Truong
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, College of BNIT, Inje University, Gimhae, Republic of Korea.,Food and Bio-industry Research Institute, School of Food Science & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sam Keum
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Sik Jeong
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, College of BNIT, Inje University, Gimhae, Republic of Korea.,Food and Bio-industry Research Institute, School of Food Science & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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228
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Zhou L, Wen L, Sheng Y, Lu J, Hu R, Wang X, Lu Z, Yang Q. The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in murine hair cycle transition: a potential anagen phase regulator. Arch Dermatol Res 2021; 313:751-758. [PMID: 33399960 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-020-02169-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) is primarily recognized as an inhibitory receptor involved in the regulation of immunological tolerance. However, recent studies have indicated that PD-1/PD-L1 signaling could also regulate the functions of nonimmune cells and may be involved in regulating hair biology. In this study, we showed in a mouse model of depilation-induced hair cycling that PD-1/PD-L1 are expressed in the murine epidermis and hair follicle (HF) in a hair cycle-dependent manner. During HF morphogenesis, PD-1 expression was strongly decreased during the anagen phase compared with the catagen and telogen phases. PD-L1 expression was enhanced during the catagen phase compared with the anagen and telogen phases. Moreover, direct blockade of PD-L1 not only accelerated hair anagen phase onset but also delayed catagen progression. In conclusion, our findings indicated that PD-1/PD-L1 signaling may act as a negative regulator of hair cycle transition. Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy may thus be a promising strategy for treating anagen-reduced hair loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Wen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youyu Sheng
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinghao Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiming Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuchao Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongfa Lu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Qinping Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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229
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Verzì AE, Lacarrubba F, Dall'Oglio F, Micali G. Association of Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia with Facial Papules and Lichen Planus Pigmentosus in a Caucasian Woman. Skin Appendage Disord 2020; 6:379-383. [PMID: 33313056 DOI: 10.1159/000509407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is a lymphocytic primary cicatricial alopecia typically involving the frontotemporal hairline. It may be associated with the presence of facial papules (FP) that clinically appear as noninflammatory, monomorphic, white-yellowish papules. Lichen planus pigmentosus (LPPigm) is characterized by the presence of asymptomatic grayish pigmented macules, predominantly in sun-exposed and flexural areas. Case Report A 58-year-old, Caucasian, phototype III woman presented with a symmetrical, band-like, frontotemporal alopecia with regression of the hairline; bilateral eyebrow loss; diffuse, symmetrical hyperpigmentation of the face; and some asymptomatic, flesh-colored, monomorphic papules on the chin. Based on clinical, dermoscopic, and histological findings, the diagnosis of FFA associated with FP and LPPigm was established. Discussion/Conclusion The peculiarity of our report is represented by the triple association of FFA, FP, and LPPigm in a Caucasian skin type III woman, as it has been rarely reported. Clinicians should be aware of this association also in subjects with phototype ≤III, as its recognition may be useful for diagnostic and prognostic purposes: the observation of LPPigm of the face may suggest to check for early FFA, and in case of FFA associated with FP, a poorer FFA prognosis may likely be expected.
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230
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Nicu C, Wikramanayake TC, Paus R. Clues that mitochondria are involved in the hair cycle clock: MPZL3 regulates entry into and progression of murine hair follicle cycling. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:1243-1249. [PMID: 33040410 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The molecular nature of the hair cycle clock (HCC), the intrinsic oscillator system that drives hair follicle (HF) cycling, remains incompletely understood; therefore, all relevant key players need to be identified. Here, we present evidence that implicates myelin protein zero-like 3 (MPZL3), a multifunctional nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein known to be involved in epidermal differentiation, in HCC regulation. By analysing global Mpzl3 knockout (-/-) mice, we show that in the absence of functional MPZL3, mice commence HF cycling with retarded first catagen-telogen transition after normal postnatal HF morphogenesis. However, Mpzl3 -/- mice subsequently display strikingly accelerated HF cycling, i.e. a precocious telogen-to-anagen transition during the second hair cycle, compared to controls, suggesting that MPZL3 inhibits anagen entry. We also show that intrafollicular MPZL3 protein expression fluctuates in a hair cycle-dependent manner. In telogen HFs, MPZL3 is localized to the secondary hair germ, an epicentre of hair cycle regulation, where it partially co-localizes with P-cadherin. In early anagen HF, MPZL3 is localized immediately distal to the proximal hair matrix. These findings introduce the novel concept that mitochondria are more actively involved in hair cycle control than previously recognized and that MPZL3 plays a central role in the HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Nicu
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Tongyu C Wikramanayake
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ralf Paus
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany.,Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
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231
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Fresta M, Mancuso A, Cristiano MC, Urbanek K, Cilurzo F, Cosco D, Iannone M, Paolino D. Targeting of the Pilosebaceous Follicle by Liquid Crystal Nanocarriers: In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of the Entrapped Minoxidil. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111127. [PMID: 33266444 PMCID: PMC7700400 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The topical administration of active compounds represents an advantageous strategy to reach the various skin components as well as its appendages. Pilosebaceous follicles are skin appendages originating in the deeper skin layers. They are very difficult to target, and hence higher active dosages are generally required to achieve effective biological responses, thus favoring the rise of side effects. The aim of this work was to design a supramolecular colloidal carrier, i.e., a liquid crystal nanocarrier, for the selective delivery of active compounds into the pilosebaceous follicle. This nanocarrier showed mean sizes of ~80 nm, a good stability, a negative surface charge, and great safety properties. In vitro studies highlighted its ability to contain and release different substances and to successfully permeate the skin. Minoxidil was encapsulated in the nanocarriers and the in vivo biological effect was compared with a conventional dosage form. Minoxidil-loaded liquid crystal nanocarrier was able to selectively reach the pilosebaceous follicle, thus allowing an increased biological effectiveness of the delivered active in terms of biological response, duration of the biological effects, and reduction of collaterals. Our investigation showed that liquid crystal nanocarriers represent a promising device for the treatment of different pilosebaceous follicular impairments/diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Fresta
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, viale Europa, 88100 Germaneto (CZ), Italy; (M.F.); (A.M.); (D.C.)
| | - Antonia Mancuso
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, viale Europa, 88100 Germaneto (CZ), Italy; (M.F.); (A.M.); (D.C.)
| | - Maria Chiara Cristiano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, viale Europa, 88100 Germaneto (CZ), Italy; (M.C.C.); (K.U.)
| | - Konrad Urbanek
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, viale Europa, 88100 Germaneto (CZ), Italy; (M.C.C.); (K.U.)
| | - Felisa Cilurzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti—Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Donato Cosco
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, viale Europa, 88100 Germaneto (CZ), Italy; (M.F.); (A.M.); (D.C.)
| | - Michelangelo Iannone
- National Council of Research (CNR), The Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, viale Europa, 88100 Germaneto (CZ), Italy;
| | - Donatella Paolino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, viale Europa, 88100 Germaneto (CZ), Italy; (M.C.C.); (K.U.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0961-369-4211
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Dorożyńska K, Maj D. Rabbits - their domestication and molecular genetics of hair coat development and quality. Anim Genet 2020; 52:10-20. [PMID: 33216407 DOI: 10.1111/age.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is the only representative of its genus living in present-day Europe and North Africa, and all domestic rabbits are descendants of this one species, which is native to the Iberian Peninsula. There are over 300 breeds of rabbits that differ in size, coat color, length of ears and type of fur. Rabbits are bred for various reasons, such as for laboratory animals and a source of meat, wool and fur, as well as for pets and exhibition animals. The hair coat is a important economic trait of rabbits. Its development and quality are influenced by various factors, both environmental and genetic. The genetic mechanisms underlying its development have not been thoroughly researched. The aim of this review is to discuss the domestication of rabbits and the different aspects of rabbit genetics. A brief review of the properties of rabbit hair coat, hair coat development and hair cycle will be provided, followed by discussion of the factors regulating hair coat development, molecular control of hair coat development and the role of non-coding RNAs in the regulation of gene expression in the hair follicles of rabbits. Information about genetic regulation of pathways could provide useful tools for improving hair coat quality and be of practical use in rabbit breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dorożyńska
- Department of Genetics, Animal Breeding and Ethology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, Krakow, 30-059, Poland
| | - D Maj
- Department of Genetics, Animal Breeding and Ethology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, Krakow, 30-059, Poland
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233
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The microfollicle: a model of the human hair follicle for in vitro studies. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2020; 56:847-858. [PMID: 33170472 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-020-00513-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Access to complex in vitro models that recapitulate the unique markers and cell-cell interactions of the hair follicle is rather limited. Creation of scalable, affordable, and relevant in vitro systems which can provide predictive screens of cosmetic ingredients and therapeutic actives for hair health would be highly valued. In this study, we explore the features of the microfollicle, a human hair follicle organoid model based on the spatio-temporally defined co-culture of primary cells. The microfollicle provides a 3D differentiation platform for outer root sheath keratinocytes, dermal papilla fibroblasts, and melanocytes, via epidermal-mesenchymal-neuroectodermal cross-talk. For assay applications, microfollicle cultures were adapted to 96-well plates suitable for medium-throughput testing up to 21 days, and characterized for their spatial and lineage markers. The microfollicles showed hair-specific keratin expression in both early and late stages of cultivation. The gene expression profile of microfollicles was also compared with human clinical biopsy samples in response to the benchmark hair-growth compound, minoxidil. The gene expression changes in microfollicles showed up to 75% overlap with the corresponding gene expression signature observed in the clinical study. Based on our results, the cultivation of the microfollicle appears to be a practical tool for generating testable insights for hair follicle development and offers a complex model for pre-clinical substance testing.
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234
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Iida M, Tazaki A, Yajima I, Ohgami N, Taguchi N, Goto Y, Kumasaka MY, Prévost‐Blondel A, Kono M, Akiyama M, Takahashi M, Kato M. Hair graying with aging in mice carrying oncogenic RET. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13273. [PMID: 33159498 PMCID: PMC7681064 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair graying is a representative sign of aging in animals and humans. However, the mechanism for hair graying with aging remains largely unknown. In this study, we found that the microscopic appearance of hair follicles without melanocyte stem cells (MSCs) and descendant melanocytes as well as macroscopic appearances of hair graying in RET‐transgenic mice carrying RET oncogene (RET‐mice) are in accordance with previously reported results for hair graying in humans. Therefore, RET‐mice could be a novel model mouse line for age‐related hair graying. We further showed hair graying with aging in RET‐mice associated with RET‐mediated acceleration of hair cycles, increase of senescent follicular keratinocyte stem cells (KSCs), and decreased expression levels of endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) in bulges, decreased endothelin receptor B (Ednrb) expression in MSCs, resulting in a decreased number of follicular MSCs. We then showed that hair graying in RET‐mice was accelerated by congenitally decreased Ednrb expression in MSCs in heterozygously Ednrb‐deleted RET‐mice [Ednrb(+/−);RET‐mice]. We finally partially confirmed common mechanisms of hair graying with aging in mice and humans. Taken together, our results suggest that age‐related dysfunction between ET‐1 in follicular KSCs and endothelin receptor B (Ednrb) in follicular MSCs via cumulative hair cycles is correlated with hair graying with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Machiko Iida
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
- Unit of Environmental Health Sciences Department of Biomedical Sciences College of Life and Health Sciences Chubu University Kasugai‐shi Japan
| | - Akira Tazaki
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| | - Ichiro Yajima
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
- Unit of Environmental Health Sciences Department of Biomedical Sciences College of Life and Health Sciences Chubu University Kasugai‐shi Japan
| | - Nobutaka Ohgami
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
- Unit of Environmental Health Sciences Department of Biomedical Sciences College of Life and Health Sciences Chubu University Kasugai‐shi Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Taguchi
- Unit of Environmental Health Sciences Department of Biomedical Sciences College of Life and Health Sciences Chubu University Kasugai‐shi Japan
- General Research and Development Institute Hoyu CoLtd Nagakute‐shi Japan
| | - Yuji Goto
- Unit of Environmental Health Sciences Department of Biomedical Sciences College of Life and Health Sciences Chubu University Kasugai‐shi Japan
| | - Mayuko Y. Kumasaka
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
- Unit of Environmental Health Sciences Department of Biomedical Sciences College of Life and Health Sciences Chubu University Kasugai‐shi Japan
| | | | - Michihiro Kono
- Departments of Dermatology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| | - Masashi Akiyama
- Departments of Dermatology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| | - Masahide Takahashi
- Departments of Molecular Pathology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| | - Masashi Kato
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
- Unit of Environmental Health Sciences Department of Biomedical Sciences College of Life and Health Sciences Chubu University Kasugai‐shi Japan
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235
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Zhou F, Hong Y, Liang R, Zhang X, Liao Y, Jiang D, Zhang J, Sheng Z, Xie C, Peng Z, Zhuang X, Bunpetch V, Zou Y, Huang W, Zhang Q, Alakpa EV, Zhang S, Ouyang H. Rapid printing of bio-inspired 3D tissue constructs for skin regeneration. Biomaterials 2020; 258:120287. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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236
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Contribution of GATA6 to homeostasis of the human upper pilosebaceous unit and acne pathogenesis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5067. [PMID: 33082341 PMCID: PMC7575575 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18784-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although acne is the most common human inflammatory skin disease, its pathogenic mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here we show that GATA6, which is expressed in the upper pilosebaceous unit of normal human skin, is down-regulated in acne. GATA6 controls keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation to prevent hyperkeratinisation of the infundibulum, which is the primary pathological event in acne. When overexpressed in immortalised human sebocytes, GATA6 triggers a junctional zone and sebaceous differentiation program whilst limiting lipid production and cell proliferation. It modulates the immunological repertoire of sebocytes, notably by upregulating PD-L1 and IL10. GATA6 expression contributes to the therapeutic effect of retinoic acid, the main treatment for acne. In a human sebaceous organoid model GATA6-mediated down-regulation of the infundibular differentiation program is mediated by induction of TGFβ signalling. We conclude that GATA6 is involved in regulation of the upper pilosebaceous unit and may be an actionable target in the treatment of acne.
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237
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Martin L, Nicolas JF. [Regulatory T cells control hair growth and prevent the development of alopecia areata]. Med Sci (Paris) 2020; 36:941-943. [PMID: 33026340 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2020167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Martin
- Master Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire-M2, Parcours Biologie de la Peau, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France
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238
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Hill VA, Schaffer MI, Paulsen RB, Stowe GN. Hydroxycocaines as Metabolic Indicators of Cocaine Ingestion. Forensic Sci Int 2020; 317:110516. [PMID: 33010562 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxycocaines in hair were investigated with many hundreds of head and body hair samples. All samples were washed by a published extensive aqueous method prior to confirmation by LC-MS/MS. Concentrations, percent of cocaine, and ratios of para- and meta-hydroxycocaines to ortho-hydroxycocaine are presented. Hydroxycocaines as percent of cocaine did not appear to be affected by cocaine concentrations, but were shown to increase with cocaethylene concentrations. Stability of hydroxycocaines over a year of ambient storage was demonstrated. Ortho-hydroxycocaine was shown to be formed by exposure of cocaine-positive hair to peroxide, while para- and meta-hydroxycocaines were not. Presence of para- or meta-hydroxycocaine at > 0.05% of cocaine is proposed as indicating ingestion of cocaine. This indicator prevents black hair from being more likely interpreted as positive for ingestion than lighter colored hair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia A Hill
- Psychemedics Corporation, 5832 Uplander Way, Culver City, CA 90230, United States.
| | - Michael I Schaffer
- Psychemedics Corporation, 5832 Uplander Way, Culver City, CA 90230, United States.
| | - Ryan B Paulsen
- Psychemedics Corporation, 5832 Uplander Way, Culver City, CA 90230, United States.
| | - G Neil Stowe
- Psychemedics Corporation, 5832 Uplander Way, Culver City, CA 90230, United States.
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239
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Sebastia-Saez D, Burbidge A, Engmann J, Ramaioli M. New trends in mechanistic transdermal drug delivery modelling: Towards an accurate geometric description of the skin microstructure. Comput Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2020.106976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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240
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Lim YS, Harland DP, Dawson TL. Wanted, dead and alive: Why a multidisciplinary approach is needed to unlock hair treatment potential. Exp Dermatol 2020; 28:517-527. [PMID: 30706973 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human recorded history is littered with attempts to improve the perceived appearance of scalp hair. Throughout history, treatments have included both biological and chemical interventions. Hair "quality" or "perceived appearance" is regulated by multiple biological intervention opportunities: adding more hairs by flipping follicles from telogen to anagen, or delaying anagen follicles transiting into catagen; altering hair "apparent amount" by modulating shaft diameter or shape; or, in principle, altering shaft physical properties changing its synthesis. By far the most common biological intervention strategy today is to increase the number of hairs, but to date this has proven difficult and has yielded minimal benefits. Chemical intervention primarily consists of active material surface deposition to improve shaft shine, fibre-fibre interactions and strength. Real, perceptible benefits will best be achieved by combining opportunity areas across the three primary sciences: biology, chemistry and physics. Shaft biogenesis begins with biology: proliferation in the germinative matrix, then crossing "Auber's Critical Line" and ceasing proliferation to synthesize shaft components. Biogenesis then shifts to oxidative chemistry, where previously synthesized components are organized and cross-linked into a shaft. We herein term the crossing point from biology to chemistry as "The Orwin Threshold." Historically, hair biology and chemistry have been conducted in different fields, with biological manipulation residing in biomedical communities and hair shaft chemistry and physics within the consumer care industry, with minimal cross-fertilization. Detailed understanding of hair shaft biogenesis should enable identification of factors necessary for optimum hair shaft production and new intervention opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shan Lim
- Skin Research Institute Singapore, Singapore
| | - Duane P Harland
- Food and Bio-based Products Group, AgResearch, Crown Research Institute, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Thomas L Dawson
- Skin Research Institute Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Drug Discovery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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241
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Kim YD, Pi LQ, Lee WS. Effect of Chrysanthemum zawadskii Extract on Dermal Papilla Cell Proliferation and Hair Growth. Ann Dermatol 2020; 32:395-401. [PMID: 33911774 PMCID: PMC7992586 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2020.32.5.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chrysanthemum zawadskii (CZ) belongs to the genus Chrysanthemum, also known as ‘Gu-Jeol-Cho’ in Korea. CZ has been used as herbal remedy to manage cough, hypertensive disorders, pharyngitis, bronchitis, gastroenteritis, pneumonia, bladder diseases and common cold. However, its effect on hair growth has not been documented. Objective The aim of present study was to elucidate the beneficial effects of CZ on hair growth. Methods Proliferation of follicular dermal papilla (DP) cells from human scalp skin was evaluated by MTT assay. The expression of various molecules in DP cells was checked by western blot assay. Effect of CZ extract on the hair growth was evaluated by hair organ culture and C57BL/6 mice model. Results Cultivation of DP cells with CZ extract increased cellular proliferation, increased expression of phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt), p-ERK, B-cell lymphoma 2, and decreased expression of Bax. Treatment of human hair follicles with CZ extract significantly enhanced hair growth. Additionally, CZ markedly shortened telogen period, increased anagen transformation and stimulated hair growth in the animal study. Conclusion These results suggest that CZ extract has an effect of promoting hair growth and may therefore be a useful a therapeutic remedy for preventing hair loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Duk Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Institute of Hair and Cosmetic Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Long-Quan Pi
- Department of Dermatology and Institute of Hair and Cosmetic Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Won-Soo Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Institute of Hair and Cosmetic Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
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242
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Koch SL, Liebowitz C, Shriver MD, Jablonski NG. Microscopical discrimination of human head hairs sharing a mitochondrial haplogroup. J Forensic Sci 2020; 66:56-71. [PMID: 32956521 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In forensic analyses, determining the level of consensus among examiners for hair comparison conclusions and ancestry identifications is important for assessing the scientific validity of microscopical hair examinations. Here, we present data from an interlaboratory study on the accuracy of microscopical hair comparisons among a subset of experienced hair examiners currently analyzing hair in forensic laboratories across the United States. We examined how well microscopical analysis of hair can reliably be used to differentiate hair samples, many of which were macroscopically similar. Using cut hair samples, many sharing similar macroscopic and microscopic features, collected from individuals who share the same mitochondrial haplogroup as an indication of genetic relatedness, we tested multiple aspects that could impact hair comparisons. This research tested the extent to which morphological features related to ancestry and hair length influence conclusions. Microscopical hair examinations yielded accurate assessments of inclusion/exclusion relative to the reference samples among 85% of the pairwise comparisons. We found shorter hairs had reduced levels of accuracy and hairs from populations examiners were not familiar with may have impacted their ability to resolve features. The reliability of ancestry determinations is not yet clear, but we found indications that the existing categories are only somewhat related to current ethnic and genetic variation. Our results provide support for the continued utility of microscopical comparison of hairs within forensic laboratories and to advocate for a combined analytical approach using both microscopical analysis and mtDNA data on all forensic analyses of hair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra L Koch
- McCrone Associates, Westmont, IL, USA.,Anthropology Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Corey Liebowitz
- Anthropology Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Mark D Shriver
- Anthropology Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Nina G Jablonski
- Anthropology Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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243
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Tamura Y, Takata K, Eguchi A, Kataoka Y. Selective Elimination of NG2-Expressing Hair Follicle Stem Cells Exacerbates the Sensitization Phase of Contact Dermatitis in a Transgenic Rat Model. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186922. [PMID: 32967214 PMCID: PMC7555385 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The hair cycle consists of three different phases: anagen (growth), catagen (regression), and telogen (resting). During the anagen phase, hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) in the bulge and the secondary hair germ proliferate and generate the outer and inner root sheath cells and the hair shafts. We previously identified NG2-immunoreactive (NG2+) cells as HFSCs in both regions of the hair follicles. Recently, the interaction between the hair cycle and the cutaneous immune system has been re-examined under physiological and pathological conditions. However, the roles of NG2+ HFSCs in the skin’s immune system remain completely elucidated. In the present study, we investigated whether the elimination of NG2+ HFSCs affects the induction of allergic contact dermatitis, using a herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSVtk)/ganciclovir (GCV) suicide gene system. When the GCV solution was applied to the skin of NG2-HSVtk transgenic (Tg) rats during the depilation-induced anagen phase, NG2+ HFSCs in the Tg rat skin induced apoptotic cell death. Under exposure of a hapten, the selective ablation of NG2+ HFSCs during the anagen phase aggravated the sensitization phase of allergic contact dermatitis. These findings suggest that NG2+ HFSCs and their progeny have immunosuppressive abilities during the anagen phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhisa Tamura
- Laboratory for Cellular Function Imaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (K.T.); (A.E.); (Y.K.)
- Multi-Modal Microstructure Analysis Unit, RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-78-304-7160; Fax: +81-78-304-7161
| | - Kumi Takata
- Laboratory for Cellular Function Imaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (K.T.); (A.E.); (Y.K.)
- Multi-Modal Microstructure Analysis Unit, RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Asami Eguchi
- Laboratory for Cellular Function Imaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (K.T.); (A.E.); (Y.K.)
- Multi-Modal Microstructure Analysis Unit, RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yosky Kataoka
- Laboratory for Cellular Function Imaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (K.T.); (A.E.); (Y.K.)
- Multi-Modal Microstructure Analysis Unit, RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
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244
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Bertolini M, McElwee K, Gilhar A, Bulfone‐Paus S, Paus R. Hair follicle immune privilege and its collapse in alopecia areata. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:703-725. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.14155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin McElwee
- Monasterium Laboratory Münster Germany
- Centre for Skin Sciences University of Bradford Bradford UK
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Amos Gilhar
- Laboratory for Skin Research Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Technion‐Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
| | - Silvia Bulfone‐Paus
- Monasterium Laboratory Münster Germany
- Centre for Dermatology Research University of Manchester and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre Manchester UK
| | - Ralf Paus
- Monasterium Laboratory Münster Germany
- Centre for Dermatology Research University of Manchester and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre Manchester UK
- Dr. Philip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
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245
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Abbasi S, Biernaskie J. Injury modifies the fate of hair follicle dermal stem cell progeny in a hair cycle-dependent manner. Exp Dermatol 2020; 28:419-424. [PMID: 30919474 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The dermal papilla (DP) is one of two principal mesenchymal compartments of the hair follicle (HF). We previously reported that a population of HF dermal stem cells (hfDSCs) function to regenerate the dermal sheath (DS), but intriguingly also contribute new cells to the adult DP at the onset of anagen hair growth to maintain normal cycling of HFs and support the production of large hair fibres. Here, we asked whether injury altered the behaviour of hfDSCs and their progeny in order to support wound-induced hair growth (WIHG) and if the response was modulated by hair cycle stage. αSMACreERT 2 :ROSAYFP mice received tamoxifen to label the DS, including hfDSCs. Full-thickness excisions were made on the dorsal skin during various stages of the hair cycle. The skin was harvested at the subsequent anagen. Interestingly, there was an increase in the magnitude of recruitment of hfDSC progeny into the DP after injury compared to follicles entering natural second anagen. This bias towards a DP fate only occurred when a wound was induced during certain stages of the HC. In summary, injury modifies the fate of hfDSCs progeny, biasing them towards recruitment into the DP, with the hair cycle stage also influencing this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Abbasi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jeff Biernaskie
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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246
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Muneeb F, Hardman JA, Paus R. Hair growth control by innate immunocytes: Perifollicular macrophages revisited. Exp Dermatol 2020; 28:425-431. [PMID: 30920018 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The role of innate immunocytes such as mast cells, γδ T cells, NK cells and macrophages (MACs) in hair growth control under physiological and pathological conditions has recently begun to be re-explored. Here, we revisit the role of resident perifollicular macrophages (pfMACs) located in the hair follicle (HF) mesenchyme (CTS). Substantial, stringently timed fluctuations in the number and localization of pfMACs were first observed long ago during murine HF morphogenesis and cycling. This already suggested some involvement of these innate immunocytes, with a recognized role in tissue remodelling and in hair growth control. The relatively recent demonstration of a Wnt signalling-driven crosstalk between these immunocytes and HF epithelial stem cells in telogen HFs, which promotes anagen induction, has reinvigorated interest in the role that pfMAC plays in hair biology. Besides the apoptosis-associated secretion of stem cell-activating Wnts and the differential secretion of HF-targeting growth factors such as FGF-5 and FGF5s from pfMACs, we also explore how MAC polarization, and thus function, may be influenced by the local metabolic and immune environment. Moreover, we examine how pfMACs may contribute to hair cycle-associated angiogenesis, vascular remodelling, HF immune privilege and immunopathology. On this basis, we discuss why targeting pfMACs may be relevant in the management of hair growth disorders. Finally, we argue that studying pfMACs offers an excellent, clinically relevant model system for characterizing and experimentally manipulating MAC interactions with an easily accessible mammalian, continuously remodelled (mini-)organ under both physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferhan Muneeb
- School of Medicine, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jonathan A Hardman
- Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, and the NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Ralf Paus
- Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, and the NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK.,Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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247
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Saxena N, Mok KW, Rendl M. An updated classification of hair follicle morphogenesis. Exp Dermatol 2020; 28:332-344. [PMID: 30887615 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hair follicle (HF) formation in developing embryonic skin requires stepwise signalling between the epithelial epidermis and mesenchymal dermis, and their specialized derivatives, the placode/germ/peg and dermal condensate/papilla, respectively. Classically, distinct stages of HF morphogenesis have been defined, in the mouse model, based on (a) changes in cell morphology and aggregation; (b) expression of few known molecular markers; (c) the extent of follicle downgrowth; and (d) the presence of differentiating cell types. Refined genetic strategies and recent emerging technologies, such as live imaging and transcriptome analyses of isolated cell populations or single cells, have enabled a closer dissection of the signalling requirements at different stages of HF formation, particularly early on. They have also led to the discovery of precursor cells for placode, dermal condensate and future bulge stem cells that, combined with molecular insights into their fate specification and subsequent formation, serve as novel landmarks for early HF morphogenetic events and studies of the signalling networks mediating these processes. In this review, we integrate the emergence of HF precursor cell states and novel molecular markers of fate and formation to update the widely used 20-year-old seminal classification guide of HF morphogenetic stages by Paus et al. We then temporally describe the latest insights into the early cellular and molecular events and signalling requirements for HF morphogenesis in relation to one another in a holistic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Saxena
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ka-Wai Mok
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Michael Rendl
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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248
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Sha K, Chen M, Liu F, Xu S, Wang B, Peng Q, Zhang Y, Xie H, Li J, Deng Z. Platelet factor 4 inhibits human hair follicle growth and promotes androgen receptor expression in human dermal papilla cells. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9867. [PMID: 32953277 PMCID: PMC7476492 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been reported recently as a potential therapeutic approach for alopecia, such as androgenetic alopecia, but the exact mechanisms and effects of specific components of this recipe remain largely unknown. In this study, we identified that platelet factor 4 (PF4), a component of PRP, significantly suppressed human hair follicle growth and restrained the proliferation of human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs). Furthermore, our results showed that PF4 upregulated androgen receptor (AR) in human dermal papilla cells in vitro and via hair follicle organ culture. Among the hair growth-promoting and DP-signature genes investigated, PF4 decreased the expression of Wnt5a, Wnt10b, LEF1, HEY1 and IGF-1, and increased DKK1 expression, but did not affect BMP2 and BMP4 expression. Collectively, Our data demonstrate that PF4 suppresses human hair follicle growth possibly via upregulating androgen receptor signaling and modulating hair growth-associated genes, which provides thought-provoking insights into the application and optimization of PRP in treating hair loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Sha
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengting Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fangfen Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - San Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ben Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qinqin Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiya Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongfu Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhili Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China
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249
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Salim S, Kamalasanan K. Controlled drug delivery for alopecia: A review. J Control Release 2020; 325:84-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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250
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Chermnykh ES, Alpeeva EV, Vorotelyak EA. Transglutaminase 3: The Involvement in Epithelial Differentiation and Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9091996. [PMID: 32872587 PMCID: PMC7563467 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminases (TGMs) contribute to the formation of rigid, insoluble macromolecular complexes, which are essential for the epidermis and hair follicles to perform protective and barrier functions against the environment. During differentiation, epidermal keratinocytes undergo structural alterations being transformed into cornified cells, which constitute a highly tough outermost layer of the epidermis, the stratum corneum. Similar processes occur during the hardening of the hair follicle and the hair shaft, which is provided by the enzymatic cross-linking of the structural proteins and keratin intermediate filaments. TGM3, also known as epidermal TGM, is one of the pivotal enzymes responsible for the formation of protein polymers in the epidermis and the hair follicle. Numerous studies have shown that TGM3 is extensively involved in epidermal and hair follicle physiology and pathology. However, the roles of TGM3, its substrates, and its importance for the integument system are not fully understood. Here, we summarize the main advances that have recently been achieved in TGM3 analyses in skin and hair follicle biology and also in understanding the functional role of TGM3 in human tumor pathology as well as the reliability of its prognostic clinical usage as a cancer diagnosis biomarker. This review also focuses on human and murine hair follicle abnormalities connected with TGM3 mutations.
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