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Jeon H, Huynh DTN, Baek N, Nguyen TLL, Heo KS. Ginsenoside-Rg2 affects cell growth via regulating ROS-mediated AMPK activation and cell cycle in MCF-7 cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 85:153549. [PMID: 33819767 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ginsenoside-Rg2 (G-Rg2) is a protopanaxatriol-type ginsenoside isolated from ginseng. It has been found to exhibit various pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the anticancer effects of G-Rg2 on estrogen receptor-positive MCF-7 breast cancer (BC) cells, and the underlying mechanisms involving in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Cell viability, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, and ROS production were measured following exposure to G-Rg2. The protein expression levels of p-ERK1/2, p-Akt, PARP, p-Rb, cyclin D1, CDK6, and p-AMPK were quantified using western blot analysis. The in vivo activity of G-Rg2 was assessed in a xenograft model. Immunohistochemistry staining for p-Rb and p-AMPK was performed in tumor tissues. RESULTS G-Rg2 significantly decreased cell viability but increased cell apoptosis. In MCF-7 cells, G-Rg2 increased ROS production by inhibiting ERK1/2 and Akt activation. G-Rg2-induced ROS induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and AMPK phosphorylation. In the xenograft model, the 5 mg/kg G-Rg2-treated group showed decreased tumor volume and weight, similar to the 5 mg/kg 4-OHT-treated group, compared to the control group. Immunohistochemistry staining showed that G-Rg2 treatment decreased Rb phosphorylation, while increasing AMPK phosphorylation in tumor tissues. CONCLUSION G-Rg2 has potential anticancer effects by increasing the ROS-AMPK signaling pathway and inhibiting ERK1/2 and Akt activation-mediated cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in MCF-7 BC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyesu Jeon
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Diem Thi Ngoc Huynh
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Pharmacy, Da Nang University of Medical Technology and Pharmacy, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Naehwan Baek
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Thuy Le Lam Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Sun Heo
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, South Korea.
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202
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Horváthová J, Moravčík R, Matúšková M, Šišovský V, Boháč A, Zeman M. Inhibition of Glycolysis Suppresses Cell Proliferation and Tumor Progression In Vivo: Perspectives for Chronotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094390. [PMID: 33922320 PMCID: PMC8122821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A high rate of glycolysis is considered a hallmark of tumor progression and is caused by overexpression of the enzyme 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3). Therefore, we analyzed the possibility of inhibiting tumor and endothelial cell metabolism through the inhibition of PFKFB3 by a small molecule, (E)-1-(pyridin-4-yl)-3-(quinolin-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (PFK15), as a promising therapy. The effects of PFK15 on cell proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and the human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line DLD1 through cytotoxicity and proliferation assays, flow cytometry, and western blotting. The results showed that PFK15 inhibited the proliferation of both cell types and induced apoptosis with decreasing the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. On the basis of the results obtained from in vitro experiments, we performed a study on immunodeficient mice implanted with DLD1 cells. We found a reduced tumor mass after morning PFK15 treatment but not after evening treatment, suggesting circadian control of underlying processes. The reduction in tumor size was related to decreased expression of Ki-67, a marker of cell proliferation. We conclude that inhibition of glycolysis can represent a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment and its efficiency is circadian dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Horváthová
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (R.M.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Roman Moravčík
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (R.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Miroslava Matúšková
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Vladimír Šišovský
- Institute of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Hospital Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Andrej Boháč
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Michal Zeman
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (R.M.); (M.Z.)
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203
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Ponte LGS, Pavan ICB, Mancini MCS, da Silva LGS, Morelli AP, Severino MB, Bezerra RMN, Simabuco FM. The Hallmarks of Flavonoids in Cancer. Molecules 2021; 26:2029. [PMID: 33918290 PMCID: PMC8038160 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids represent an important group of bioactive compounds derived from plant-based foods and beverages with known biological activity in cells. From the modulation of inflammation to the inhibition of cell proliferation, flavonoids have been described as important therapeutic adjuvants against several diseases, including diabetes, arteriosclerosis, neurological disorders, and cancer. Cancer is a complex and multifactor disease that has been studied for years however, its prevention is still one of the best known and efficient factors impacting the epidemiology of the disease. In the molecular and cellular context, some of the mechanisms underlying the oncogenesis and the progression of the disease are understood, known as the hallmarks of cancer. In this text, we review important molecular signaling pathways, including inflammation, immunity, redox metabolism, cell growth, autophagy, apoptosis, and cell cycle, and analyze the known mechanisms of action of flavonoids in cancer. The current literature provides enough evidence supporting that flavonoids may be important adjuvants in cancer therapy, highlighting the importance of healthy and balanced diets to prevent the onset and progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Gustavo Saboia Ponte
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
| | - Isadora Carolina Betim Pavan
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
- Laboratory of Signal Mechanisms (LMS), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FCF), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-871, Brazil
| | - Mariana Camargo Silva Mancini
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
| | - Luiz Guilherme Salvino da Silva
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
| | - Ana Paula Morelli
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
| | - Matheus Brandemarte Severino
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
| | - Rosangela Maria Neves Bezerra
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
| | - Fernando Moreira Simabuco
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
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Colín-Val Z, López-Díazguerrero NE, López-Marure R. DHEA inhibits proliferation, migration and alters mesenchymal-epithelial transition proteins through the PI3K/Akt pathway in MDA-MB-231 cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 208:105818. [PMID: 33508440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and breast cancer is the most common among women. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), the most abundant steroid hormone in human serum, inhibits proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells, modulating the expression of proteins involved in mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. DHEA effects on the triple-negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 (mesenchymal stem-like) could be exerted by binding to receptors tyrosine kinase (RTKs) and signaling through MEK/ERK and/or PI3K/Akt pathways. In this study, MDA-MB-231 cells were exposed to DHEA in the presence of pharmacological inhibitors of these pathways and a siRNA against PIK3CA gene, which blocks PI3K pathway. Cell proliferation was measured by crystal violet staining, migration by the wound healing and transwell assays, and MET protein expression by western blot. A xenograft tumor growth in nude mice (nu-/nu-) using a siRNA against PI3K was also performed. Results showed that neither of the inhibitors used reverted the antiproliferative activity of DHEA. However, wortmannin and LY294002, inhibitors of the PI3K/Akt pathway, abolished the up- and down-regulation of E- and N-cadherin expression respectively, and inhibition of migration induced by DHEA in MDA-MB-231 cells. The siRNA that blocks the PI3K pathway, abolished the effects of DHEA on proliferation, migration, MET proteins expression and the growth of tumors in nude mice. In conclusion, these results suggest that PI3K/Akt pathway participates in the effects of DHEA on breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaira Colín-Val
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Ciudad de México, Mexico; Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico
| | | | - Rebeca López-Marure
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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205
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A Leucine-Rich Repeat Protein Provides a SHOC2 the RAS Circuit: a Structure-Function Perspective. Mol Cell Biol 2021; 41:MCB.00627-20. [PMID: 33526449 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00627-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SHOC2 is a prototypical leucine-rich repeat protein that promotes downstream receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)/RAS signaling and plays important roles in several cellular and developmental processes. Gain-of-function germ line mutations of SHOC2 drive the RASopathy Noonan-like syndrome, and SHOC2 mediates adaptive resistance to mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors. Similar to many scaffolding proteins, SHOC2 facilitates signal transduction by enabling proximal protein interactions and regulating the subcellular localization of its binding partners. Here, we review the structural features of SHOC2 that mediate its known functions, discuss these elements in the context of various binding partners and signaling pathways, and highlight areas of SHOC2 biology where a consensus view has not yet emerged.
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206
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Wang Y, Wang X, Huang X, Zhang J, Hu J, Qi Y, Xiang B, Wang Q. Integrated Genomic and Transcriptomic Analysis reveals key genes for predicting dual-phenotype Hepatocellular Carcinoma Prognosis. J Cancer 2021; 12:2993-3010. [PMID: 33854600 PMCID: PMC8040886 DOI: 10.7150/jca.56005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual-phenotype hepatocellular carcinoma (DPHCC) expresses both hepatocyte and cholangiocyte markers, and is characterized by high recurrence and low survival rates. The underlying molecular mechanisms of DPHCC pathogenesis are unclear. We performed whole exome sequencing and RNA sequencing of three subtypes of HCC (10 DPHCC, 10 CK19-positive HCC, and 14 CK19-negative HCC), followed by integrated bioinformatics analysis, including somatic mutation analysis, mutation signal analysis, differential gene expression analysis, and pathway enrichment analysis. Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were applied for exploring survival related characteristics. We found that mutated genes in DPHCC patients were associated with carcinogenesis and immunity, and the up-regulated genes were mainly enriched in transcription-related and cancer-related pathways, and the down-regulated genes were mainly enriched in immune-related pathways. CXCL9 was selected as the hub gene, which is associated with immune cells and survival prognosis. Our results showed that low CXCL9 expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis, and its expression was significantly reduced in DPHCC samples. In conclusion, we explored the molecular mechanisms governing DPHCC development and progression and identified CXCL9, which influences the immune microenvironment and prognosis of DPHCC and might be new clinically significant biomarkers for predicting prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaobang Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory. First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiaoliang Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Junwen Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yapeng Qi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Bangde Xiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Qiuyan Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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207
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Chang L, Zhang Y, Li M, Zhao X, Wang D, Liu J, Zhou F, Zhang J. Nanostructured lipid carrier co-delivering paclitaxel and doxorubicin restrains the proliferation and promotes apoptosis of glioma stem cells via regulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:225101. [PMID: 33690190 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abd439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of safe and efficient nanocomposites remains a huge challenge in targeted therapy of glioma. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), which facilitate specific site drug delivery, have been widely used in glioma treatment. Herein, we aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic impact of paclitaxel (PTX) and doxorubicin (DOX) loaded NLC (PTX-DOX-NLC) on glioma stem cells (GSCs). To this end, we used a melt-emulsification technique to generate PTX loaded NLC (PTX-NLC), DOX loaded NLC (DOX-NLC), and NLC loaded with both drugs (PTX-DOX-NLC). We firstly confirmed the stability of PTX-DOX-NLC and their ability to gradually release PTX and DOX. Next, we evaluated the effects of PTX-DOX-NLC on apoptosis and proliferation of GSCs by flow cytometry and CellTiter-Glo assay. Besides, the expression of relevant mRNA and proteins was determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. Mechanism of action of PTX-DOX-NLC was determined though bioinformatic analysis based on RNA-seq data performed in GSCs derived from different NLC-treated groups. In addition, a mouse xenograft model of glioma was established to evaluate the anti-tumor effects of PTX-DOX-NLCin vivo. Results indicated thar PTX-DOX-NLC showed greater inhibitory effects on proliferation and promotive effects on apoptosis of GSCs compared with PTX-NLC, DOX-NLC, free PTX, and free DOX treatment. Mechanistic investigations evidenced that PTX-DOX-NLC inhibited tumor progression by suppressing the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalingin vitroandin vivo. Taken together, PTX-DOX-NLC played an inhibitory role in GSC growth, highlighting a potential therapeutic option against glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Chang
- Department of Neurology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan 063000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhe Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan 063000, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Neurology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan 063000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Zhao
- Department of Neurology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan 063000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dali Wang
- Department of Neurology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan 063000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Neurology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan 063000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuling Zhou
- Department of Neurology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan 063000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan 063000, People's Republic of China
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208
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Methylation-dependent MCM6 repression induced by LINC00472 inhibits triple-negative breast cancer metastasis by disturbing the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:4962-4975. [PMID: 33668040 PMCID: PMC7950301 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified to be dysregulated in multiple cancer types, which are speculated to be of vital significance in regulating several hallmarks of cancer biology. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is acknowledged as an aggressive subtype of breast cancer. In this study, we found the lncRNA LINC00472 was poorly expressed in TNBC tissues and cells. Overexpression of LINC00472 could inhibit the proliferation, invasion and migration of MDA-MB-231 cells. On the contrary, minichromosome maintenance complex component 6 (MCM6) was highly expressed in TNBC tissues and MDA-MB-231 cells due to suppressed methylation. LINC00472 induced site-specific DNA methylation and reduced the MCM6 expression by recruiting DNA methyltransferases into the MCM6 promoter. Since the restoration of MCM6 weakened the tumor-suppressive effect of LINC00472 on MDA-MB-231 cells, LINC00472 potentially acted as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting MCM6. In addition, in vivo experiments further substantiated that overexpression of LINC00472 inhibited tumor growth and metastasis to lungs by decreasing the expression of MCM6. Overall, the present study demonstrated that LINC00472-mediated epigenetic silencing of MCM6 contributes to the prevention of tumorigenesis and metastasis in TNBC, providing an exquisite therapeutic target for TNBC.
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209
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Pathania S, Singh PK, Narang RK, Rawal RK. Identifying novel putative ERK1/2 inhibitors via hybrid scaffold hopping -FBDD approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:6771-6786. [PMID: 33615999 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1889670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
ERK inhibitors are continuously explored by the researchers due to their clinical significance in resistant tumor cell lines. Though many ERK1/2 inhibitors are reported, there is still need to identify novel hits to increase the number of molecules in clinical trials. Therefore, an urgent need is to examine the existing chemical space for ERK inhibitory potential with an aim to develop novel scaffolds which can act as potent ERKs inhibitors. In this study, Ulixertinib, a known ERK2 inhibitor was selected to perform scaffold hopping to discover new scaffolds with similar binding mode followed by molecular docking analysis of the hits with highest similarity score to determine, both the binding mode and affinity in the catalytic domain of ERK2. The top hit was then subjected to FBDD to identify side chains which could enhance the binding affinity in the catalytic domain of ERK2. Again, docking analysis was performed to validate and determine their binding affinity. Further the top hit identified after docking analysis was subjected to molecular dynamic simulations. Overall, 3 hits (ligand 6, 8 and 10) were found to possess optimum pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profile, in-silico, to be claimed as putative ERK2 inhibitors. This study disclosed new lead molecules with putative ERK2 inhibitory potential which may be further validated via biological evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Pathania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India.,Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Singh
- Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Raj Kumar Narang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Ravindra K Rawal
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Haryana, India
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210
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Fedorka CE, Scoggin KE, El-Sheikh Ali H, Loux SC, Dini P, Troedsson MHT, Ball BA. Interleukin-6 pathobiology in equine placental infection. Am J Reprod Immunol 2021; 85:e13363. [PMID: 33098605 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Ascending placentitis is the leading cause of abortion in the horse. Interleukin (IL)-6 is considered predictive of placental infection in other species, but little is understood regarding its role in the pathophysiology of ascending placentitis. METHOD OF STUDY Sub-acute ascending placentitis was induced via trans-cervical inoculation of S zooepidemicus, and various fluids/serum/tissues collected 8 days later. Concentrations of IL-6 were detected within fetal fluids and serum in inoculated (n = 6) and control (n = 6) mares. RNASeq was performed on the placenta (endometrium and chorioallantois) to assess transcripts relating to IL-6 pathways. IHC was performed for immunolocalization of IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) in the placenta. RESULTS IL-6 concentrations increased in allantoic fluid following inoculation, with a trend toward an increase in amniotic fluid. Maternal serum IL-6 was increased in inoculated animals, while no changes were noted in fetal serum. mRNA expression of IL-6-related transcripts within the chorioallantois indicates that IL-6 is activating the classical JAK/STAT pathway, thereby acting as anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and pro-survival. The IL-6R was expressed within the chorioallantois, indicating a paracrine signaling pathway of maternal IL-6 to fetal IL-6R. CONCLUSION IL-6 plays a crucial role in the placental response to induction of sub-acute equine ascending placentitis, and this could be noted in amniotic fluid, allantoic fluid, and maternal serum. Additionally, IL-6 is acting as anti-inflammatory in this disease, potentially altering disease progression, impeding abortion signals, and assisting with the production of a viable neonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carleigh E Fedorka
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kirsten E Scoggin
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Hossam El-Sheikh Ali
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Theriogenology, University of Mansoura, Dakahlia, Egypt
| | - Shavahn C Loux
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Pouya Dini
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Mats H T Troedsson
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Barry A Ball
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Wu LM, Liao XZ, Zhang Y, He ZR, Nie SQ, Ke B, Shi L, Zhao JF, Chen WH. Parthenolide Augments the Chemosensitivity of Non-small-Cell Lung Cancer to Cisplatin via the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:610097. [PMID: 33614623 PMCID: PMC7892899 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.610097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The mortality rate of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains high worldwide. Although cisplatin-based chemotherapy may greatly enhance patient prognosis, chemotherapy resistance remains an obstacle to curing patients with NSCLC. Therefore, overcoming drug resistance is the main route to successful treatment, and combinatorial strategies may have considerable clinical value in this effort. In this study, we observed that both parthenolide (PTL) and cisplatin (DDP) inhibited the growth of NSCLC cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The combination of PTL and DDP presented a synergistic inhibitory effect on NSCLC at a ratio of 50:1. The combination of PTL and DDP synergistically inhibited cell migration and invasion, inhibited cell cycle progression, and induced apoptosis of A549 and PC9 cells. Bioinformatics and network pharmacology analysis indicated that PTL may primarily affect the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT signaling pathway. After treatment with PTL and DDP either alone or in combination, Western blot analysis revealed that the proteins levels of Bax and cleaved Caspase-3 were upregulated, while p-PI3K, p-Akt, Caspase-3, and Bcl-2 proteins were downregulated. Among these alterations, the combination of PTL and DDP was found to exhibit the most significant effects. PTL might therefore be considered as a new option for combination therapy of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Mei Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Zhong Liao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Rui He
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Qing Nie
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Ke
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Cancer Center of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Fu Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Hui Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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212
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Liu J, Sun M, Cho KB, Gao X, Guo B. A CRISPR-Cas9 repressor for epigenetic silencing of KRAS. Pharmacol Res 2021; 164:105304. [PMID: 33202255 PMCID: PMC8422974 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
KRAS is one of the most frequently mutated oncogenes in cancers. Currently no direct and effective anti-KRAS therapies are available. Using the powerful CRISPR-Cas9 technology to target the mutant KRAS promoter, we designed an epigenetic repressor to silence KRAS through epigenome editing. Catalytically dead Cas9 (dCas9) functioned as a DNA binding device, which was fused with a transcriptional repressor histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1). We designed a panel of three CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) covering 1500-bp range of the KRAS promoter and identified that crRNA1 and crRNA2 efficiently silenced KRAS. The suppression of K-Ras resulted in a significant inhibition of cell growth, suppression of colony formation in soft agar and induction of cell death in cancer cells with KRAS mutations. In addition, the chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay demonstrated dCas9-HDAC1 modified histone acetylation on the KRAS promoter. Furthermore, transfection of dCas9-HDAC1 protein and gRNA ribonucleoprotein complex also inhibited K-Ras and suppressed cell proliferation. In summary, we have developed a new strategy that combines CRISPR-Cas9 technology with HDAC1 epigenetic silencing to target cancers driven by KRAS mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Liu
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, United States
| | - Meiyan Sun
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, United States; College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin Province, 132013, China.
| | - Kwang Bog Cho
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, United States
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, United States
| | - Bin Guo
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, United States.
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213
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Combination of Platycodin D with docetaxel synergistically suppressed cell growth in DU-145 by enhancing apoptosis and alleviating autophagy. Eur J Integr Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2021.101302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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214
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Liu J, Geng Z, Zhang Y, Alharbi SA, Shi Y. Sesquiterpenoid bilobalide inhibits gastric carcinoma cell growth and induces apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo models. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22723. [PMID: 33511709 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gastric carcinoma is one of the most aggressive types of cancer that ranks fifth among all cancer incidences and third in cancer mortality. As it exhibits a prolonged asymptomatic condition and high recurrence rate, it is a great challenge to treat gastric cancer. Traditional medicine that utilizes herbal phytochemicals to treat various diseases is a potent alternative for current allopathic treatment. Hence, we evaluated the potency of a phytochemical bilobalide for treating gastric cancer in in vitro and in vivo models. Bilobalide, a sesquiterpenoid, is present in the Ginkgo biloba plant that belongs to the family of Ginkgoaceae. The cytotoxicity effect of bilobalide was evaluated in both gastric cancer (AGS) cells and normal gastric epithelial cells. Apoptosis-inducing property of bilobalide against the AGS cell line was analyzed with different fluorescent staining techniques and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assay, and cell cycle analysis was carried out by flow cytometry. The in vivo studies were assessed with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced gastric cancer in rats. Serum-specific gastric markers were quantified and histopathological analysis of stomach tissue was performed. The expression of target-signaling molecules was analyzed by a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The in vitro results proved that bilobalide effectively suppressed the AGS cell growth and induced cell death by nuclear damage and apoptosis induction. The bilobalide treatment effectively arrested the cell cycle of AGS cells via inhibiting the PI3K-signaling pathway. Our in vivo results also confirmed that the bilobalide persuasively inhibited the MNU-induced gastric carcinoma via inhibiting the thioredoxin-fold family proteins and inflammatory markers' expression. Overall, our results authentically prove that bilobalide possesses therapeutic potency to cure gastric carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglei Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhen Geng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong Province, China
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yulong Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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215
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Chen T, Yang P, Jia Y. Molecular mechanisms of astragaloside‑IV in cancer therapy (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:13. [PMID: 33448320 PMCID: PMC7834967 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Radix Astragali (RA) is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is the most critical component of RA. Previous studies have demonstrated that AS-IV exerts effects on the myocardium, nervous system and endocrine system, among others. In the present review article, data from studies conducted over the past 20 years were collated, which have evaluated the effects of AS-IV on tumors. The mechanisms of action of AS-IV on malignant cells both in vivo and in vitro were summarized and it was demonstrated that AS-IV plays a vital role, particularly in inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis, promoting the apoptosis of tumor cells, enhancing immune function and preventing drug resistance. Moreover, AS-IV controls several epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT)-related and autophagy-related pathways, such as the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT), Wnt/β-catenin, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/SMAD signaling pathways, which are commonly affected in the majority of tumors. The present review provides new perspectives on the functions of AS-IV and its role as an adjuvant treatment in cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Chen
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300380, P.R. China
| | - Peiying Yang
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300380, P.R. China
| | - Yingjie Jia
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300380, P.R. China
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216
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Ma L, Muscat JE, Sinha R, Sun D, Xiu G. Proteomics of exhaled breath condensate in lung cancer and controls using data-independent acquisition (DIA): a pilot study. J Breath Res 2021; 15. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/abd07e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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217
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Maciel L, de Oliveira DF, Mesquita F, Souza HADS, Oliveira L, Christie MLA, Palhano FL, Campos de Carvalho AC, Nascimento JHM, Foguel D. New Cardiomyokine Reduces Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by PI3K-AKT Pathway Via a Putative KDEL-Receptor Binding. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e019685. [PMID: 33372525 PMCID: PMC7955482 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.019685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background CDNF (cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor) belongs to a new family of neurotrophic factors that exert systemic beneficial effects beyond the brain. Little is known about the role of CDNF in the cardiac context. Herein we investigated the effects of CDNF under endoplasmic reticulum-stress conditions using cardiomyocytes (humans and mice) and isolated rat hearts, as well as in rats subjected to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Methods and Results We showed that CDNF is secreted by cardiomyocytes stressed by thapsigargin and by isolated hearts subjected to I/R. Recombinant CDNF (exoCDNF) protected human and mouse cardiomyocytes against endoplasmic reticulum stress and restored the calcium transient. In isolated hearts subjected to I/R, exoCDNF avoided mitochondrial impairment and reduced the infarct area to 19% when administered before ischemia and to 25% when administered at the beginning of reperfusion, compared with an infarct area of 42% in the untreated I/R group. This protection was completely abrogated by AKT (protein kinase B) inhibitor. Heptapeptides containing the KDEL sequence, which binds to the KDEL-R (KDEL receptor), abolished exoCDNF beneficial effects, suggesting the participation of KDEL-R in this cardioprotection. CDNF administered intraperitoneally to rats decreased the infarct area in an in vivo model of I/R (from an infarct area of ≈44% in the I/R group to an infarct area of ≈27%). Moreover, a shorter version of CDNF, which lacks the last 4 residues (CDNF-ΔKTEL) and thus allows CDNF binding to KDEL-R, presented no cardioprotective activity in isolated hearts. Conclusions This is the first study to propose CDNF as a new cardiomyokine that induces cardioprotection via KDEL receptor binding and PI3K/AKT activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Maciel
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas FilhoFederal University of Rio de JaneiroBrazil
| | | | - Fernanda Mesquita
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas FilhoFederal University of Rio de JaneiroBrazil
| | | | - Leandro Oliveira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de MeisRio de Janeiro Federal, University of Rio de JaneiroBrazil
| | | | - Fernando L. Palhano
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de MeisRio de Janeiro Federal, University of Rio de JaneiroBrazil
| | | | | | - Debora Foguel
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de MeisRio de Janeiro Federal, University of Rio de JaneiroBrazil
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218
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Zhang P, Ling L, Zheng Z, Zhang Y, Wang R, Wu M, Zhang N, Hu M, Yang X. ATG7-dependent and independent autophagy determine the type of treatment in lung cancer. Pharmacol Res 2021; 163:105324. [PMID: 33276100 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Based on the role of ATG7 in the initiation of autophagy, autophagy can be divided into ATG7-dependent selective autophagy and ATG7-independent alternative autophagy. However, the detailed roles of two different types of autophagy in antitumor therapy have not been fully elucidated so far. Here, we for the first time demonstrated an investigational inducer, w09, could induce both selective autophagy and alternative autophagy in NSCLC, but the phenotypes of these two kinds of autophagy are different:(1) w09-induced selective autophagy mainly promoted cell apoptosis, while w09-triggered alternative autophagy markedly induced autophagic cell death in NSCLC;(2) w09-induced ATG7 dependent autophagy mainly promoted the accumulation of SQSTM1/p62, while w09-triggered ATG7 independent autophagy markedly accelerated the degradation of SQSTM1/p62. These above results were further confirmed by knockout ATG7 gene in A549 cells or restoration of ATG7 function in H1650 cells. Deletion of ATG7 gene markedly attenuated the effect of w09-induced autophagy or apoptosis on A549 cells, while restoration of functional ATG7 markedly enhanced the effect of w09-induced autophagy and apoptosis on H1650 cells. Mechanistically, we further revealed that w09 induced two different types of autophagy through inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Notably, compared with A549WT xenograft model, the in vivo antitumor effect of w09 or Taxel on the ATG7-deficient A549 xenograft model was significantly attenuated. Therefore, a special attention must be paid to distinguish which kinds of autophagy have been induced by autophagy inducers with antitumor agents by targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinghu Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for New Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
| | - Li Ling
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for New Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zuguo Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for New Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuqian Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Ronghua Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Min Wu
- Institute of Translational Medicine & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Ni Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for New Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Maozhi Hu
- Testing Center of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization & Key Laboratory of Forest Chemical Engineering, Nanjing, 210042, China.
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219
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Ma Y, Xu R, Liu X, Zhang Y, Song L, Cai S, Zhou S, Xie Y, Li A, Cao W, Tang X. LY3214996 relieves acquired resistance to sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:1456-1464. [PMID: 33628103 PMCID: PMC7893555 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.51256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sorafenib, an oral multi-kinase inhibitor of rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2/3, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, c-Kit, and Flt-3 signaling, is approved for treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the benefit of sorafenib is often diminished because of acquired resistance through the reactivation of ERK signaling in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells. In this work, we investigated whether adding LY3214996, a selective ERK1/2 inhibitor, to sorafenib would increase the anti-tumor effectiveness of sorafenib to HCC cells. Methods: The Huh7 cell line was used as a cell model for treatment with sorafenib, LY3214996, and their combination. Phosphorylation of the key kinases in the Ras/Raf/MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways, protein expression of the cell cycle, and apoptosis migration were assessed with western blot. MTT and colony-formation assays were used to evaluate cell proliferation. Wound-healing assay was used to assess cell migration. Cell cycle and apoptosis analyses were conducted with flow cytometry. Results: LY3214996 decreased phosphorylation of the Ras/Raf/MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways, including p-c-Raf, p-P90RSK, p-S6K and p-eIF4EBP1 activated by sorafenib, despite increased p-ERK1/2 levels. LY3214996 increased the anti-proliferation, anti-migration, cell-cycle progression, and pro-apoptotic effects of sorafenib on Huh7R cells. Conclusions: Reactivation of ERK1/2 appears to be a molecular mechanism of acquired resistance of HCC to sorafenib. LY3214996 combined with sorafenib enhanced the anti-tumor effects of sorafenib in HCC. These findings form a theoretical basis for trial of LY3214996 combined with sorafenib as second-line treatment of sorafenib-resistant in advanced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfang Ma
- Medical school, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China.,Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Wuhu), Wuhu, 241003, China
| | - Ruyue Xu
- Medical school, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China.,Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Wuhu), Wuhu, 241003, China
| | - Xueke Liu
- Medical school, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Yinci Zhang
- Medical school, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China.,Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Wuhu), Wuhu, 241003, China
| | - Li Song
- Medical school, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China.,Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Wuhu), Wuhu, 241003, China
| | - Shuyu Cai
- Medical school, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China.,Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Wuhu), Wuhu, 241003, China
| | - Shuping Zhou
- Medical school, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Yinghai Xie
- Medical school, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Amin Li
- Medical school, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China.,Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Wuhu), Wuhu, 241003, China
| | - Weiya Cao
- Medical school, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China.,Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Wuhu), Wuhu, 241003, China
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- Medical school, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China.,Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Wuhu), Wuhu, 241003, China
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220
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Xu DQ, Yuan XJ, Toyoda H, Hirayama M. Anti-tumor effect of Huaier extract against neuroblastoma cells in vitro. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:1015-1023. [PMID: 33456359 PMCID: PMC7807190 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.48219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Huaier extract, the main active constituent proteoglycan, has anti-tumor activity in various experimental and clinical settings. However, the potential anti-neuroblastoma and associated mechanisms have not been investigated. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to elucidate the potential role of Huaier extract in 3 human neuroblastoma cell lines. Our study demonstrated that incubation with Huaier extract resulted in a marked decrease in cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Huaier extract induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase in neuroblastoma and decreased the cell cycle related protein expression of cyclin D3. Western blotting analysis also showed that Huaier extract induced neuroblastoma cell apoptosis and autophagy. Signaling analysis indicated that Huaier extract suppressed the MEK/ERK and mTOR signaling pathways simultaneously. In conclusion, we verify that Huaier extract causes cell proliferation inhibition, apoptosis, autophagy, and cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase via MEK/ERK and mTOR signaling. Huaier extract may act as a complementary agent for treating neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Qing Xu
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Xiao-Jun Yuan
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hidemi Toyoda
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hirayama
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
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221
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Mohamed AR, El Kerdawy AM, George RF, Georgey HH, Abdel Gawad NM. Design, synthesis and in silico insights of new 7,8-disubstituted-1,3-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione derivatives with potent anticancer and multi-kinase inhibitory activities. Bioorg Chem 2020; 107:104569. [PMID: 33387732 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aiming to obtain an efficient anti-proliferative activity, structure- and ligand-based drug design approaches were expanded and utilized to design and refine a small compound library. Subsequently, thirty-two 7,8-disubstituted-1,3-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione derivatives were selected for synthesis based on the characteristic pharmacophoric features required for PI3K and B-Raf oncogenes inhibition. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activity. Compounds 17 and 22c displayed an acceptable potent activity according to the DTP-NCI and were further evaluated in the NCI five doses assay. To validate our design, compounds with the highest mean growth inhibition percent were screened against the target PI3Kα and B-RafV600E to confirm their multi-kinase activity. The tested compounds showed promising multi-kinase activity. Compounds 17 and 22c anticancer effectiveness and multi-kinase activity against PI3Kα and B-RafV600E were consolidated by the inhibition of B-RafWT, EGFR and VEGFR-2 with IC50 in the sub-micromolar range. Further investigations on the most potent compounds 17 and 22c were carried out by studying their safety on normal cell line, in silico profiling and predicted ADME characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla R Mohamed
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M El Kerdawy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, New Giza University, New Giza, km 22 Cairo-Alexandria Desert Road, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Riham F George
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
| | - Hanan H Georgey
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Cairo 11777, Egypt
| | - Nagwa M Abdel Gawad
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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222
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Gu ML, Zhou XX, Ren MT, Shi KD, Yu MS, Jiao WR, Wang YM, Zhong WX, Ji F. Blockage of ETS homologous factor inhibits the proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells through the c-Met pathway. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:7497-7512. [PMID: 33384550 PMCID: PMC7754554 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i47.7497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common and deadliest types of cancer worldwide due to its delayed diagnosis and high metastatic frequency, but its exact pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. ETS homologous factor (EHF) is an important member of the ETS family and contributes to the pathogenesis of multiple malignant tumors. To date, whether EHF participates in the development of GC via the c-Met signaling pathway remains unclear.
AIM To investigate the role and mechanism of EHF in the occurrence and development of GC.
METHODS The expression of EHF mRNA in GC tissues and cell lines was measured by quantitative PCR. Western blotting was performed to determine the protein expression of EHF, c-Met, and its downstream signal molecules. The EHF expression in GC tissues was further detected by immunohistochemical staining. To investigate the role of EHF in GC oncogenesis, small interfering RNA (siRNA) against EHF was transfected into GC cells. The cell proliferation of GC cells was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 and colony formation assays. Flow cytometry was performed following Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) to identify apoptotic cells and PI staining to analyze the cell cycle. Cell migration and invasion were assessed by transwell assays.
RESULTS The data showed that EHF was upregulated in GC tissues and cell lines in which increased expression of c-Met was also observed. Silencing of EHF by siRNA reduced the proliferation of GC cells. Inhibition of EHF induced significant apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in GC cells. Cell migration and invasion were significantly inhibited. EHF silencing led to c-Met downregulation and further blocked the Ras/c-Raf/extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) pathway. Additionally, phosphatase and tensin homolog was upregulated and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta was deactivated. Moreover, inactivation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 was detected following EHF inhibition, leading to inhibition of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT).
CONCLUSION These results suggest that EHF plays a key role in cell proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, the cell cycle and EMT via the c-Met pathway. Therefore, EHF may serve as an antineoplastic target for the diagnosis and treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Li Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xin-Xin Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Meng-Ting Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ke-Da Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mo-Sang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wen-Rui Jiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ya-Mei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu 322000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei-Xiang Zhong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Feng Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
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Zhang Y, Sun J, Dong Y, Shen X, Zhang Z. Vicenin-2 inhibits the Helicobacterium pylori infection associated gastric carcinogenic events through modulation of PI3K/AKT and Nrf2 signaling in GES-1 cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 35:e22680. [PMID: 33325628 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a microbial carcinogen of Gram-negative bacteria, has been recognized to be the highest risk factor for the growth of human gastric cancer (GC). Therefore, the inhibition of the growth rate of H. pylori has been considered an effective vital strategy to prevent GC development. This study highlights the inhibitory effect of vicenin-2 against H. pylori-induced gastric carcinogen signaling in human gastric epithelial cells (GES-1). In vitro cytotoxicity studies reported that 40 µM of vicenin-2 remarkably protects the gastric cells and this concentration shows 85% cell viability also does not produce toxicity. In addition, vicenin-2 prevents H. pylori-infected increased depletion of antioxidants mediated by reactive oxygen species generation, DNA damage, malondialdehyde, and nuclear fragmentation. Here, we noticed that vicenin-2 remarkably suppressed the expression range of the phosphorylated form of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B, phosphorylated p38 kinases, phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1, phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, cyclooxygenase-2 in GES-1 infected with H. pylori. Moreover, we observed that vicenin-2 enhanced the antioxidants protein nuclear factor erythroid factor-2 and phosphatase and tensin homolog expression in H. pylori-infected cells. Thus, vicenin-2 prevents the H. pylori-associated infection, and its resistance might be a potential strategy in preventing GC induced by H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoran Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nantong First People's Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Xu B, Mei J, Ji W, Huo Z, Bian Z, Jiao J, Li X, Sun J, Shao J. MicroRNAs involved in the EGFR pathway in glioblastoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 134:111115. [PMID: 33341046 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant tumor in adults, and its morbidity and mortality are very high. Although progress has been achieved in the treatment of GBM, such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, in recent years, the prognosis of patients with GBM has not improved significantly. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous noncoding single-stranded RNAs consisting of approximately 20-22 nucleotides that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level by binding to target protein-encoding mRNAs. Notably, miRNAs regulate various carcinogenic pathways, one of which is the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, invasion, migration, angiogenesis and apoptosis. In this review, we summarize the novel discoveries of roles for miRNAs targeting the factors in the EGFR signaling pathway in the occurrence and development of GBM. In addition, we describe their potential roles as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of GBM and for determining the treatment resistance of GBM and the efficacy of therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, PR China.
| | - Jie Mei
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, PR China.
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, PR China.
| | - Zhengyuan Huo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, PR China.
| | - Zheng Bian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, PR China.
| | - Jiantong Jiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, PR China.
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, PR China.
| | - Junfei Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, PR China.
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Myricetin: A review of the most recent research. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 134:111017. [PMID: 33338751 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myricetin(MYR) is a flavonoid compound widely found in many natural plants including bayberry. So far, MYR has been proven to have multiple biological functions and it is a natural compound with promising research and development prospects. This review comprehensively retrieved and collected the latest pharmacological abstracts on MYR, and discussed the potential molecular mechanisms of its effects. The results of our review indicated that MYR has a therapeutic effect on many diseases, including tumors of different types, inflammatory diseases, atherosclerosis, thrombosis, cerebral ischemia, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and pathogenic microbial infections. Furthermore, it regulates the expression of Hippo, MAPK, GSK-3β, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, STAT3, TLR, IκB/NF-κB, Nrf2/HO-1, ACE, eNOS / NO, AChE and BrdU/NeuN. MYR also enhances the immunomodulatory functions, suppresses cytokine storms, improves cardiac dysfunction, possesses an antiviral potential, can be used as an adjuvant treatment against cancer, cardiovascular injury and nervous system diseases, and it may be a potential drug against COVID-19 and other viral infections. Generally, this article provides a theoretical basis for the clinical application of MYR and a reference for its further use.
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Zang X, Zhou J, Zhang X, Chen D, Han Y, Chen X. Dual-targeting tumor cells and tumor associated macrophages with lipid coated calcium zoledronate for enhanced lung cancer chemoimmunotherapy. Int J Pharm 2020; 594:120174. [PMID: 33338567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among both men and women, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for almost 80% of such death. Tumor associated macrophage (TAMs) are abundant components in NSCLC. TAMs play critical roles in angiogenesis, immune escape and chemoresistance. Here we developed a dual-targeting drug delivery system (CaZOL@BMNPs) of zoledronate, which could bind to both tumor cells with overexpressed biotin receptors and macrophage mannose receptor (MMR) positive TAMs. The biotin- and mannose-modified lipid coated calcium zoledronate nanoparticles were preferentially internalized in both tumor cells and TAMs, and thereby inhibited their survivals. Our studies demonstrated that CaZOl@BMNPs treatment obviously reduced angiogenesis, reprogrammed immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and eventually restrained tumor progression with negligible systemic toxicity. Collectively, CaZOL@BMNPs could be a promising approach by dual-targeting tumor cells and TAMs for NSCLS chemoimmunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Zang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Jingyi Zhou
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Dawei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yantao Han
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Xuehong Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao, PR China.
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Zhen H, Li G, Zhao P, Zhang Y, Wang J, Yu J, Cao B. Raltitrexed Enhances the Antitumor Effect of Apatinib in Human Esophageal Squamous Carcinoma Cells via Akt and Erk Pathways. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:12325-12339. [PMID: 33293826 PMCID: PMC7719348 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s276125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Apatinib has been proved effective in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer and a variety of solid tumors. Raltitrexed is emerging as a promising alternative for treating advanced colorectal cancer in China. This work aims to study the combinatory antitumor effect of apatinib and raltitrexed on human esophageal squamous carcinoma cells (ESCC). Materials and Methods Two VEGFR-2-positive human ESCC lines, KYSE-30 and TE-1, were treated with apatinib or raltitrexed, or both, then the cell proliferation rate was measured by MTS assay; cell migration and invasion were studied by transwell assays; cell apoptosis rate was determined by flow cytometry; cellular autophagy level affected was analyzed by Western blot analysis; finally, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to monitor transcription and Western blot was performed to check phosphorylation of apoptotic proteins after treatment. Results Both apatinib and raltitrexed significantly inhibited KYSE-30 and TE-1 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with both drugs showed enhanced inhibitory effects on cell proliferation, migration, and invasiveness compared with apatinib monotherapy. Apoptosis percentages in both cell lines were also remarkably increased by the combined treatment. Moreover, the combination of apatinib and raltitrexed down-regulated mRNA level of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, while up-regulated pro-apoptotic protein PARP, Bax, and caspase-3 transcription. Western blot analysis showed that phosphorylation levels of Erk, Akt, and invasiveness-associated protein matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) were decreased in the combination group. Conclusion Taken together, these results indicate that raltitrexed enhances the antitumor effects of apatinib on human ESCC cells by down-regulating phosphorylation of Akt and Erk, implying a combination of raltitrexed and apatinib might be an effective option for treating esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Zhen
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangxin Li
- Radiation Oncology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Junxian Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Bangwei Cao
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
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228
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Gao L, Pang YY, Guo XY, Zeng JJ, Tang ZQ, Xiong DD, Yang X, Li Y, Ma FC, Pan LJ, Feng ZB, Chen G. Polo like kinase 1 expression in cervical cancer tissues generated from multiple detection methods. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10458. [PMID: 33354424 PMCID: PMC7731657 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Existing studies of PLK1 in cervical cancer had several flaws. The methods adopted by those studies of detecting PLK1 expression in cervical cancer were single and there lacks comprehensive evaluation of the clinico-pathological significance of PLK1 in cervical cancer. Methods A total of 303 cervical tissue samples were collected for in-house tissue microarrays. Immunohistochemistry was performed for evaluating PLK1 expression between cervical cancer (including cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CESC) and cervical adenocarcinoma) and non-cancer samples. The Expression Atlas database was searched for querying PLK1 expression in different cervical cancer cell lines and different tissues in the context of pan-cancer. Standard mean difference (SMD) was calculated and the summarized receiver's operating characteristics (SROC) curves were plotted for integrated tissue microarrays, exterior high-throughput microarrays and RNA sequencing data as further verification. The effect of PLK1 expression on the overall survival, disease-free survival and event-free survival of cervical cancer patients was analyzed through Kaplan Meier survival curves for cervical cancer patients from RNA-seq and GSE44001 datasets. The gene mutation and alteration status of PLK1 in cervical cancer was inspected in COSMIC and cBioPortal databases. Functional enrichment analysis was performed for genes correlated with PLK1 from aggregated RNA-seq and microarrays. Results A total of 963 cervical cancer samples and 178 non-cancer samples were collected from in-house tissue microarrays and exterior microarrays and RNA-seq datasets. The combined expression analysis supported overexpression of PLK1 in CESC, cervical adenocarcinoma and all types of cervical cancer (SMD = 1.59, 95%CI [0.56-2.63]; SMD = 2.99, 95%CI [0.75-5.24]; SMD = 1.57, 95% CI [0.85-2.29]) and the significant power of PLK1 expression in distinguishing CESC or all types of cervical cancer samples from non-cancer samples (AUC = 0.94, AUC = 0.92). Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that the event-free survival rate of cervical cancer patients with higher expression of PLK1 was shorter than that of patients with lower PLK1 (HR = 2.020, P = 0.0197). Genetic alteration of PLK1 including missense mutation and mRNA low occurred in 6% of cervical cancer samples profiled in mRNA expression. Genes positively or negatively correlated with PLK1 were mainly assembled in pathways such as DNA replication, cell cycle, mismatch repair, Ras signaling pathway, melanoma, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance and homologous recombination (P < 0.05). Conclusions Here, we provided sufficient evidence of PLK1 overexpression in cervical cancer. The overexpression of PLK1 in cervical cancer and the contributory effect of it on clinical progression indicated the hopeful prospect of PLK1 as a biomarker for cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yu-Yan Pang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xian-Yu Guo
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zeng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zhong-Qing Tang
- Department of Pathology, Wuzhou Gongren Hospital / The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Wuzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Dan-Dan Xiong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pathology, Qinzhou First People's Hospital, Qinzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Fu-Chao Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Lin-Jiang Pan
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zhen-Bo Feng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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Bahcivan A, Gamsizkan M, Kantarcioglu Coskun S, Cangur S, Yuksel A, Ceyhan A, Onal B. KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA mutation frequency of radical prostatectomy samples and review of the literature. Aging Male 2020; 23:1627-1641. [PMID: 33878842 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2021.1901274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The molecular basis of prostate cancer is highly heterogeneous. Our study aimed to perform the mutation analysis of KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, and immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluation of EGFR, HER2, p16, and PTEN to demonstrate new areas for targeted therapies. METHODS A total of 24 prostatectomy samples diagnosed with adenocarcinoma were analyzed by microarray hybridization. Also, these samples were IHC stained for EGFR, HER2, P16, and PTEN. The cases were divided into two groups based on low and high Gleason scores. All findings were compared with the clinicopathological parameters of the patients. RESULTS While KRAS mutation was in 3/24 (12.5%) of our cases, BRAF and PIK3CA mutations were not detected. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of KRAS mutation frequency. HER2 was immunohistochemically negative in all samples. There was no correlation between EGFR, P16 immunopositivity, and clinicopathological features. CONCLUSION KRAS mutation frequency is similar to those in Asian populations. BRAF and PIK3CA mutation frequencies have been reported in the literature in the range of 0-15% and 0-10.4%, respectively, consistent with our study findings. HER2 immunoexpression is a controversial issue in the literature. EGFR and p16 expressions may not correlate with the stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atike Bahcivan
- Department of Pathology, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
| | | | | | - Sengul Cangur
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
| | | | - Aysegul Ceyhan
- Department of Pathology, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Binnur Onal
- Department of Pathology, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
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Muhedier M, Li J, Liu H, Ma G, Amahong K, Lin R, Lü G. Tacrolimus, a rapamycin target protein inhibitor, exerts anti-cystic echinococcosis effects both in vitro and in vivo. Acta Trop 2020; 212:105708. [PMID: 32956634 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In view of a growing need for new treatment options for human cystic echinococcosis (CE), we aimed to investigate the efficacy of mTOR pathway inhibitors against CE in vitro and in vivo. Among the seven mTOR inhibitors evaluated, tacrolimus (TAC) showed significant dose- and time-dependent killing of cultured protoscoleces and cysts in vitro. Notably, the oral administration of TAC (4 mg/kg/day) to CE mice model highly effectively reduced both the weight and number of parasitic cysts. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that TAC destroys the ultrastructure of cysts, both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, TAC had no significant effect on blood glucose, body weight, liver, or kidney functions in mice. We further observed that the ATP levels and glucose content of cysts reduced upon TAC treatment, indicating that inhibiting mTORC1 activity possibly affects glucose metabolism in the cysts of mice. Based on our experimental data, TAC emerged as a promising anti-cyst drug that efficiently inhibits the growth of cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzhabaier Muhedier
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China; Kashi maternal and child health care hospital, Kashi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jintian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China; College of pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Guizhi Ma
- College of pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Kuerbannisha Amahong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Renyong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Guodong Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China; College of pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
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Chaube UJ, Rawal R, Jha AB, Variya B, Bhatt HG. Design and development of Tetrahydro-Quinoline derivatives as dual mTOR-C1/C2 inhibitors for the treatment of lung cancer. Bioorg Chem 2020; 106:104501. [PMID: 33280832 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most prevailed cancer worldwide. Many genes get mutated in lung cancer but the involvement of EGFR, KRAS, PTEN and PIK3CA are more common. Unavailability of potent drugs and resistance to the available drugs are major concern in the treatment of lung cancer. In the present research, mTOR was selected as an important alternative target for the treatment of lung cancer which involves the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. We studied binding interactions of AZD-2014 with the mTOR protein to identify important interactions required to design potent mTOR inhibitors which was supported by QSAR studies. Pharmacophore based virtual screening studies provided core scaffold, THQ. Based on molecular docking interactions, 31 THQ derivatives were synthesized and characterized. All compounds were screened for cellular mTOR enzyme assay along with antiproliferative activity against the panel of cancerous cell lines, from which 6 compounds were further screened for colony forming assay. Two most potent compounds, HB-UC-1 and HB-UC-5, were further screened for flow cytometry analysis, gene expression study and western blot analysis. Gene expression study revealed the efficiency of compound HB-UC-1 against both mTORC1 and mTORC2 by affecting downstream regulators of mTORC1 (E4BP4, eIF4EBP1) and mTORC2 (PCK1), respectively. In western blot analysis, both compounds, inhibited phosphorylation of AKT S473 which proved the efficiency these compounds against the mTORC2. These two compounds were further screened for in-vivo biological evaluation. Both compounds increased lifespan of cancer-bearing animals with improvement in mean survival time. Further, in bezopyrene induced lung cancer animal model, both compounds showed effectiveness through the biochemical parameters and histopathological evaluation of the lung tissue. In future, potent hit compound from this series could be modified to develop lead mTOR inhibitors for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udit J Chaube
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382 481, India
| | - Rakesh Rawal
- Department of Life Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380 009, India
| | - Abhishek B Jha
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382 481, India
| | - Bhavesh Variya
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382 481, India
| | - Hardik G Bhatt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382 481, India.
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Hu J, Kang H, Chen H, Yao J, Yi X, Tang W, Wan M. Targeting neutrophil extracellular traps in severe acute pancreatitis treatment. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2020; 13:1756284820974913. [PMID: 33281940 PMCID: PMC7692350 DOI: 10.1177/1756284820974913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is a critical abdominal disease associated with high death rates. A systemic inflammatory response promotes disease progression, resulting in multiple organ dysfunction. The functions of neutrophils in the pathology of SAP have been presumed traditionally to be activation of chemokine and cytokine cascades accompanying the inflammatory process. Recently, since their discovery, a new type of antimicrobial mechanism, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and their role in SAP, has attracted widespread attention from the scientific community. Significantly different from phagocytosis and degranulation, NETs kill extracellular microorganisms by releasing DNA fibers decorated with granular proteins. In addition to their strong antimicrobial functions, NETs participate in the pathophysiological process of many noninfectious diseases. In SAP, NETs injure normal tissues under inflammatory stress, which is associated with the activation of inflammatory cells, to cause an inflammatory cascade, and SAP products also trigger NET formation. Thus, due to the interaction between NET generation and SAP, a treatment targeting NETs might become a key point in SAP therapy. In this review, we summarize the mechanism of NETs in protecting the host from pathogen invasion, the stimulus that triggers NET formation, organ injury associated with SAP involving NETs, methods to interrupt the harmful effects of NETs, and different therapeutic strategies to preserve the organ function of patients with SAP by targeting NETs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Huan Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaqi Yao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolin Yi
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenfu Tang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Yagi S, Hirata M, Miyachi Y, Uemoto S. Liver Regeneration after Hepatectomy and Partial Liver Transplantation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218414. [PMID: 33182515 PMCID: PMC7665117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is a unique organ with an abundant regenerative capacity. Therefore, partial hepatectomy (PHx) or partial liver transplantation (PLTx) can be safely performed. Liver regeneration involves a complex network of numerous hepatotropic factors, cytokines, pathways, and transcriptional factors. Compared with liver regeneration after a viral- or drug-induced liver injury, that of post-PHx or -PLTx has several distinct features, such as hemodynamic changes in portal venous flow or pressure, tissue ischemia/hypoxia, and hemostasis/platelet activation. Although some of these changes also occur during liver regeneration after a viral- or drug-induced liver injury, they are more abrupt and drastic following PHx or PLTx, and can thus be the main trigger and driving force of liver regeneration. In this review, we first provide an overview of the molecular biology of liver regeneration post-PHx and -PLTx. Subsequently, we summarize some clinical conditions that negatively, or sometimes positively, interfere with liver regeneration after PHx or PLTx, such as marginal livers including aged or fatty liver and the influence of immunosuppression.
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234
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Wei L, Zeng K, Gai J, Zhou F, Wei Z, Bao Q. Effect of acupuncture on neurovascular units after cerebral infarction in rats through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2020; 75:387-397. [PMID: 32280081 DOI: 10.3233/ch-190659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of acupuncture on neurovascular units after cerebral infarction (CI) in rats through the phosphatidylinositol 3-hydroxy kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway. METHODS A total of 36 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group (n = 12), model group (n = 12) and acupuncture group (n = 12). The external carotid artery was only exposed in model group, while the post-CI ischemia-reperfusion model was established using the suture method in the other 2 groups. After modeling, the rats in sham group and model group were fixed and sampled, while those in acupuncture group were treated with acupuncture intervention for 2 weeks and sampled. The neurological deficits of rats were evaluated using the Zea-Longa score, and the spatial learning and memory of rats were detected via water maze test. Moreover, the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), growth associated protein-43 (GAP-43) and synuclein (SYN) in brain tissues were detected via immunohistochemistry, and the relative protein expressions of PI3K p85, PI3K p110 and p-AKT were detected via Western blotting. The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expressions of VEGF, GAP-43 and SYN were detected via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). RESULTS The Zea-Longa score was significantly increased in model group and acupuncture group compared with that in sham group (p < 0.05), while it significantly declined in acupuncture group compared with that in model group (p < 0.05). The escape latency was significantly prolonged and the times of crossing platform were significantly reduced in model group and acupuncture group compared with those in sham group (p < 0.05), while the escape latency was significantly shortened and the times of crossing platform were significantly increased in acupuncture group compared with those in model group (p < 0.05). The positive expressions of VEGF, GAP-43 and SYN were obviously increased in model group and acupuncture group compared with those in sham group (p < 0.05), while they were obviously increased in acupuncture group compared with those in model group (p < 0.05). Besides, model group and acupuncture group had significantly higher relative protein expressions of PI3K p85, PI3K p110 and p-AKT than sham group (p < 0.05), while acupuncture group also had significantly higher relative protein expressions of PI3K p85, PI3K p110 and p-AKT than model group (p < 0.05). The relative mRNA expressions of VEGF, GAP-43 and SYN were remarkably increased in model group and acupuncture group compared with those in sham group (p < 0.05), while they were remarkably increased in acupuncture group compared with those in model group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Acupuncture promotes the repair of neurovascular units after CI in rats through activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, thereby exerting a protective effect on neurovascular units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wei
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Kexue Zeng
- Department of Acupuncture Rehabilitation, Guangdong Second Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Juanjuan Gai
- Department of Anorectal, Guangdong Province Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Feixiong Zhou
- Department of Acupuncture Rehabilitation, Guangdong Second Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenglin Wei
- Department of Acupuncture Rehabilitation, Guangdong Second Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinghui Bao
- Department of Traditional Therapy, Guangdong Province Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Synergistic Carcinogenesis of HPV18 and MNNG in Het-1A Cells through p62-KEAP1-NRF2 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6352876. [PMID: 33123313 PMCID: PMC7586040 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6352876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
N-methyl-N´-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine is a clear carcinogen, increasing evidence that indicates an etiological role of human papillomavirus in esophageal carcinoma. Studies have reported the synergistic effect on environmental carcinogens and viruses in recent years. On the basis of establishing the malignant transformation model of Het-1A cells induced by synergistic of HPV18 and MNNG, this study was to explore the synergistic carcinogenesis of MNNG and HPV. Our research indicated that HPV&MNNG led to a significant increase in the protein-expression levels of c-Myc, cyclinD1, BCL-2, BAX, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, mTOR, LC3II, and p62, with concomitant decreases in p21 and LC3I. HPV18 and MNNG induced accumulation of p62 and its interaction with KEAP1, which promoted NRF2 nuclear translocation. p62 loss prevents growth and increases autophagy of malignant cells by activating KEAP1/NRF2-dependent antioxidative response. In addition, PI3K and p-AKT were stimulated by HPV&MNNG, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR is positively associated with cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and autophagy during malignant transformation. Taken together, MNNG&HPV regulates autophagy and further accelerates cell appreciation by activating the p62/KEAP1/NRF2 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. MNNG&HPV may improve Het-1A cell autophagy to contribute to excessive cell proliferation, reduced apoptosis, and protection from oxidative damage, thus accelerating the process of cell malignant transformation and leading to cancerous cells.
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Qiu Y, Sun J, Qiu J, Chen G, Wang X, Mu Y, Li K, Wang W. Antitumor Activity of Cabazitaxel and MSC-TRAIL Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Drug-Resistant Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:10809-10820. [PMID: 33149686 PMCID: PMC7605918 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s277324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) can induce apoptosis in a variety of cancer cells. However, drug resistance of tumor and short half-life seriously affects its clinical targeted therapy. Cabazitaxel (CTX) is a taxane drug, which can induce apoptosis or autophagy by inhibiting the phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and sensitive to some drug-resistant tumors. Therefore, we explored the possibility of developing a mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-EXO) vector for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) to deliver CTX/TRAIL combinations. METHODS After ultracentrifugation and dialysis, CTX/TRAIL loaded exosomes transfected MSC (MSCT)-derived exosome (EXO) (MSCT-EXO/CTX) were isolated and purified. The expression of CD63, CD9 and TRAIL was detected by BCA to confirm the origin of EXO. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the drug loading of VPF and draw the in vitro release profile. MTT assay, flow cytometry and Western blot were used to detect the antitumor effect of MSCT-EXO/CTX in vitro. Subsequently, the antitumor effect of MSCT-EXO/CTX in vivo was verified by mouse model. RESULTS The diameter of the membrane particles was about 60-150 nm. We have proved that the incorporation and release of CTX in MSCT-EXO can inhibit the activation of PI3K, Akt and mTOR, which is a possible synergistic mechanism of CTX. MSCT-EXO and CTX can induce the apoptosis of SCC25 tumor cells in a dose-dependent manner and exert a good synergistic effect in the proportion range of 10:1-5:1. The inherent activity of MSCT-EXO and the direct effect of MSCT-EXO/CTX on OSCC confirm that MSCT-EXO/CTX makes MSCT-EXO and CTX have an efficient synergistic effect and a highly effective pharmacological inhibition on cancer cells, as verified by the subsequent mouse model. MSCT-EXO/CTX showed the lowest relative tumor volume and the highest tumor inhibition rate (P<0.05) in vivo. CONCLUSION An MSCT-EXO-based CTX delivery system might be an effective anticancer method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongle Qiu
- Department of Stomatology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei050017, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jieming Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Xianghe County People ‘S Hospital, Langfang, Hebei065400, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junping Qiu
- Department of Stomatology, Xianghe County People ‘S Hospital, Langfang, Hebei065400, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoling Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Xianghe County People ‘S Hospital, Langfang, Hebei065400, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Xianghe County People ‘S Hospital, Langfang, Hebei065400, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaxu Mu
- Department of Stomatology, Xianghe County People ‘S Hospital, Langfang, Hebei065400, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kunshan Li
- Department of Stomatology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei050017, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei050017, People’s Republic of China
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Mollazadeh H, Mohtashami E, Mousavi SH, Soukhtanloo M, Vahedi MM, Hosseini A, Afshari AR, Sahebkar A. Deciphering the Role of Glutamate Signaling in Glioblastoma Multiforme: Current Therapeutic Modalities and Future Directions. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:4777-4788. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200603132456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As the most popular intrinsic neoplasm throughout the brain, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is resistant
to existing therapies. Due to its invasive nature, GBM shows a poor prognosis despite aggressive surgery
and chemoradiation. Therefore, identifying and understanding the critical molecules of GBM can help develop
new therapeutic strategies. Glutamatergic signaling dysfunction has been well documented in neurodegenerative
diseases as well as in GBM. Inhibition of glutamate receptor activation or extracellular glutamate release by specific
antagonists inhibits cell development, invasion, and migration and contributes to apoptosis and autophagy in
GBM cells. This review outlines the current knowledge of glutamate signaling involvement and current therapeutic
modalities for the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Mollazadeh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Elmira Mohtashami
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed H. Mousavi
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soukhtanloo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad M. Vahedi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Azar Hosseini
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir R. Afshari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
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Xie Y, Wang Y, Xiang W, Wang Q, Cao Y. Molecular Mechanisms of the Action of Myricetin in Cancer. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:123-133. [PMID: 31648635 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666191018112756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Natural compounds, such as paclitaxel and camptothecin, have great effects on the treatment of tumors. Such natural chemicals often achieve anti-tumor effects through a variety of mechanisms. Therefore, it is of great significance to conduct further studies on the anticancer mechanism of natural anticancer agents to lay a solid foundation for the development of new drugs. Myricetin, originally isolated from Myrica nagi, is a natural pigment of flavonoids that can inhibit the growth of cancer cells (such as liver cancer, rectal cancer, skin cancer and lung cancer, etc.). It can regulate many intracellular activities (such as anti-inflammatory and blood lipids regulation) and can even be bacteriostatic. The purpose of this paper is to outline the molecular pathways of the anticancer effects of myricetin, including the effect on cancer cell death, proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis and cell signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanchong Center Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College (University), Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunlong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanchong Center Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College (University), Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanchong Center Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College (University), Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiaoying Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanchong Center Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College (University), Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yajun Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanchong Center Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College (University), Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China
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Ansari S, Yamaoka Y. Helicobacter pylori Virulence Factor Cytotoxin-Associated Gene A (CagA)-Mediated Gastric Pathogenicity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197430. [PMID: 33050101 PMCID: PMC7582651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori causes persistent infection in the gastric epithelium of more than half of the world’s population, leading to the development of severe complications such as peptic ulcer diseases, gastric cancer, and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Several virulence factors, including cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA), which is translocated into the gastric epithelium via the type 4 secretory system (T4SS), have been indicated to play a vital role in disease development. Although infection with strains harboring the East Asian type of CagA possessing the EPIYA-A, -B, and -D sequences has been found to potentiate cell proliferation and disease pathogenicity, the exact mechanism of CagA involvement in disease severity still remains to be elucidated. Therefore, we discuss the possible role of CagA in gastric pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamshul Ansari
- Department of Microbiology, Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur 44200, Nepal;
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
- Global Oita Medical Advanced Research Center for Health (GO-MARCH), Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Borneo Medical and Health Research Centre, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah 88400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-97-586-5740; Fax: +81-97-586-5749
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Lu T, Yang X, Shi Y, Zhao M, Bi G, Liang J, Chen Z, Huang Y, Jiang W, Lin Z, Xi J, Wang S, Yang Y, Zhan C, Wang Q, Tan L. Single-cell transcriptome atlas of lung adenocarcinoma featured with ground glass nodules. Cell Discov 2020; 6:69. [PMID: 33083004 PMCID: PMC7536439 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-020-00200-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As an early type of lung adenocarcinoma, ground glass nodule (GGN) has been detected increasingly and now accounts for most lung cancer outpatients. GGN has a satisfactory prognosis and its characteristics are quite different from solid adenocarcinoma (SADC). We compared the GGN adenocarcinoma (GGN-ADC) with SADC using the single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to fully understand GGNs. The tumor samples of five patients with lung GGN-ADCs and five with SADCs underwent surgery were digested to a single-cell suspension and analyzed using 10× Genomic scRNA-seq techniques. We obtained 60,459 cells and then classified them as eight cell types, including cancer cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, T cells, B cells, Nature killer cells, mast cells, and myeloid cells. We provided a comprehensive description of the cancer cells and stromal cells. We found that the signaling pathways related to cell proliferation were downregulated in GGN-ADC cancer cells, and stromal cells had different effects in GGN-ADC and SADC based on the analyses of scRNA-seq results. In GGN-ADC, the signaling pathways of angiogenesis were downregulated, fibroblasts expressed low levels of some collagens, and immune cells were more activated. Furthermore, we used flow cytometry to isolate the cancer cells and T cells in 12 GGN-ADC samples and in an equal number of SADC samples, including CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells, and validated the expression of key molecules by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses. Through comprehensive analyses of cell phenotypes in GGNs, we provide deep insights into lung carcinogenesis that will be beneficial in lung cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Mengnan Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Guoshu Bi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Jiaqi Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Zhencong Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yiwei Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Zongwu Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Junjie Xi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006 China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suzhou Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001 China
| | - Cheng Zhan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Lijie Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
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Fernández‐Varo G, Perramón M, Carvajal S, Oró D, Casals E, Boix L, Oller L, Macías‐Muñoz L, Marfà S, Casals G, Morales‐Ruiz M, Casado P, Cutillas PR, Bruix J, Navasa M, Fuster J, Garcia‐Valdecasas JC, Pavel MC, Puntes V, Jiménez W. Bespoken Nanoceria: An Effective Treatment in Experimental Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Hepatology 2020; 72:1267-1282. [PMID: 31961955 PMCID: PMC7702051 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Despite the availability of new-generation drugs, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still the third most frequent cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) have emerged as an antioxidant agent in experimental liver disease because of their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antisteatotic properties. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the potential of CeO2 NPs as therapeutic agents in HCC. APPROACH AND RESULTS HCC was induced in 110 Wistar rats by intraperitoneal administration of diethylnitrosamine for 16 weeks. Animals were treated with vehicle or CeO2 NPs at weeks 16 and 17. At the eighteenth week, nanoceria biodistribution was assessed by mass spectrometry (MS). The effect of CeO2 NPs on tumor progression and animal survival was investigated. Hepatic tissue MS-based phosphoproteomics as well as analysis of principal lipid components were performed. The intracellular uptake of CeO2 NPs by human ex vivo perfused livers and human hepatocytes was analyzed. Nanoceria was mainly accumulated in the liver, where it reduced macrophage infiltration and inflammatory gene expression. Nanoceria treatment increased liver apoptotic activity, while proliferation was attenuated. Phosphoproteomic analysis revealed that CeO2 NPs affected the phosphorylation of proteins mainly related to cell adhesion and RNA splicing. CeO2 NPs decreased phosphatidylcholine-derived arachidonic acid and reverted the HCC-induced increase of linoleic acid in several lipid components. Furthermore, CeO2 NPs reduced serum alpha-protein levels and improved the survival of HCC rats. Nanoceria uptake by ex vivo perfused human livers and in vitro human hepatocytes was also demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that CeO2 NPs partially revert the cellular mechanisms involved in tumor progression and significantly increase survival in HCC rats, suggesting that they could be effective in patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Fernández‐Varo
- Service of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsHospital Clinic Universitari, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain,Departament of BiomedicineUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Meritxell Perramón
- Service of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsHospital Clinic Universitari, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Silvia Carvajal
- Service of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsHospital Clinic Universitari, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Denise Oró
- Service of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsHospital Clinic Universitari, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Eudald Casals
- School of Biotechnology and Health SciencesWuyi UniversityJiangmenChina
| | - Loreto Boix
- Barcelona‐Clinic Liver Cancer Group, Liver UnitHospital Clinic de Barcelona, CIBERehd, IDIBAPS, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Laura Oller
- Service of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsHospital Clinic Universitari, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Laura Macías‐Muñoz
- Service of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsHospital Clinic Universitari, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Santi Marfà
- Service of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsHospital Clinic Universitari, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Gregori Casals
- Service of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsHospital Clinic Universitari, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain,Working Group for the Biochemical Assessment of Hepatic Disease‐SEQCBarcelonaSpain
| | - Manuel Morales‐Ruiz
- Service of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsHospital Clinic Universitari, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain,Departament of BiomedicineUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain,Working Group for the Biochemical Assessment of Hepatic Disease‐SEQCBarcelonaSpain
| | - Pedro Casado
- Centre for Haemato‐OncologyBarts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Pedro R. Cutillas
- Centre for Haemato‐OncologyBarts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Jordi Bruix
- Barcelona‐Clinic Liver Cancer Group, Liver UnitHospital Clinic de Barcelona, CIBERehd, IDIBAPS, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Miquel Navasa
- Liver Surgery and Transplant UnitDigestive and Metabolic Diseases Institute, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, CIBERehd, IDIBAPS, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Josep Fuster
- Liver Surgery and Transplant UnitDigestive and Metabolic Diseases Institute, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, CIBERehd, IDIBAPS, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Juan Carlos Garcia‐Valdecasas
- Liver Surgery and Transplant UnitDigestive and Metabolic Diseases Institute, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, CIBERehd, IDIBAPS, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Mihai C. Pavel
- Liver Surgery and Transplant UnitDigestive and Metabolic Diseases Institute, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, CIBERehd, IDIBAPS, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Víctor Puntes
- Institut Català de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA)BarcelonaSpain,Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2)BellaterraSpain,Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Wladimiro Jiménez
- Service of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsHospital Clinic Universitari, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain,Departament of BiomedicineUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
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Shen GN, Li J, Jin YH, Sun HN, Hao YY, Jin MH, Liu R, Li WL, Zhang YQ, Yu JB, Yu NN, Wang WD, Yu LY, Kim JS, Kwon T, Han YH. The compound 2-benzylthio-5,8-dimethoxynaphthalene-1,4-dione leads to apoptotic cell death by increasing the cellular reactive oxygen species levels in Ras-mutated liver cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:82. [PMID: 32968439 PMCID: PMC7500053 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to verify the pro-apoptotic anticancer potential of several 5,8-dimethoxy-1,4-phthoquinone (DMNQ) derivatives in Ras-mediated tumorigenesis. MTT assays were used to detect cellular viability and flow cytometry was performed to assess intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and apoptosis. The expression levels of proteins were detected via western blotting. Among the 12 newly synthesized DMNQ derivatives, 2-benzylthio-5,8-dimethoxynaphthalene-1,4-dione (BZNQ; component #1) significantly reduced cell viability both in mouse NIH3T3 embryonic fibroblasts cells (NC) and H-RasG12V transfected mouse NIH3T3 embryonic fibroblasts cells (NR). Moreover, BZNQ resulted in increased cytotoxic sensitivity in Ras-mutant transfected cells. Furthermore, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in H-RasG12V transfected HepG2 liver cancer cells (HR) were significantly higher compared with the levels in HepG2 liver cancer cells (HC) following BZNQ treatment, which further resulted in increased cellular apoptosis. Eliminating cellular ROS using an ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine markedly reversed BZNQ-induced cellular ROS accumulation and cell apoptosis in HC and HR cells. Western blotting results revealed that BZNQ significantly downregulated H-Ras protein expression and inhibited the Ras-mediated downstream signaling pathways such as protein kinase B, extracellular signal-related kinase and glycogen synthase kinase phosphorylation and β-catenin protein expression. These results indicated that the novel DMNQ derivative BZNQ may be a therapeutic drug for Ras-mediated liver tumorigenesis. The results of the current study suggest that BZNQ exerts its effect by downregulating H-Ras protein expression and Ras-mediated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Nan Shen
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Hua Jin
- Library and Information Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Hu-Nan Sun
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Ying Hao
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Hua Jin
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Ren Liu
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Long Li
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Qing Zhang
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Bin Yu
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Nan-Nan Yu
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Dong Wang
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Li-Yun Yu
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Su Kim
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 56216, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeho Kwon
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 56216, Republic of Korea
| | - Ying-Hao Han
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
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243
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Zeng Y, Hu C, Shu L, Pan Y, Zhao L, Pu X, Wu F. Clinical treatment options for early-stage and advanced conjunctival melanoma. Surv Ophthalmol 2020; 66:461-470. [PMID: 32980421 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Conjunctival melanoma (CM) is an ocular malignant tumor arising from the bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva and from the caruncle. The treatment of early-stage CM is wide local excision, followed by cryotherapy to the margins and adjuvant therapy postoperatively. Advanced CM has a poor prognosis, and there is no consensus on its management. With the development of precision medicine, the identification of genetic alterations assumes great importance. The genetic characteristics of CM, such as BRAF, NRAS, and NF1 mutations, may provide potential therapeutic targets. For locally advanced tumors and metastatic disease, targeted therapy such as BRAF inhibitors and MEK inhibitors in vitro show therapeutic benefit. Some individual case reports indicate their potential effectiveness in advanced CM. In addition, immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as programmed cell death-1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 inhibitors, have been successfully used for advanced cutaneous melanoma and may be effective in CM. Limited clinical case reports found immune checkpoint inhibitors effective in advanced CM. More clinical studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zeng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chunhong Hu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Long Shu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yue Pan
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lishu Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xingxiang Pu
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/the affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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244
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Zhang B, Li F, Zhu Z, Ding A, Luo J. CircRNA CDR1as/miR-1287/Raf1 Axis Modulates Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression Through MEK/ERK Pathway. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:8951-8964. [PMID: 33061591 PMCID: PMC7522432 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s252679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common lethal malignant tumor worldwide. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported to affect the development of human cancers, including HCC. In this project, we aim to clarify the functional effect of circular CDR1as (circ_CDR1as) on HCC progression. Methods Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) or Western blot is implemented to detect the expression of circ_CDR1as, microRNA (miR)-1287 and Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (Raf1). Cell proliferation is assessed via colony formation and 3-(4, 5)-dimethylthiazole-2-y1)-2, 5-biphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Cell migration and invasion are measured by Transwell assay. The target relationship between miR-1287 and circ_CDR1as or Raf1 is validated through dual-luciferase reporter assay. The levels of epithelia–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and the MEK/ERK signal pathway-related proteins are examined by Western blot. Model in nude mice is constructed to determine the role of circ_CDR1as in vivo. Results Expression of circ_CDR1as and Raf1 is elevated, while miR-1287 expression is decreased in HCC. Depletion of circ_CDR1as or Raf1 could inhibit proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells. Besides, circ_CDR1as regulates Raf1 expression by targeting miR-1287. MiR-1287 upregulation or Raf1 depletion could partially counterbalance circ_CDR1as depletion-mediated inhibitory effects on HCC cell behaviors. Moreover, circ_CDR1as depletion represses HCC progression through inactivating MEK/ERK pathway. In addition, circ_CDR1as depletion suppresses tumor growth in vivo via regulating miR-1287/Raf1 pathway. Conclusion Circ_CDR1as depletion inhibits HCC cell proliferation and metastasis by miR-1287/Raf1 and MEK/ERK pathways, highlighting a promising molecular target for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University of Dongguan, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University of Dongguan, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zinian Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University of Dongguan, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Aijiao Ding
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University of Dongguan, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jintong Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University of Dongguan, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
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245
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Wen W, Wang Y, Li H, Xu H, Xu M, Frank JA, Ma M, Luo J. Mesencephalic Astrocyte-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (MANF) Regulates Neurite Outgrowth Through the Activation of Akt/mTOR and Erk/mTOR Signaling Pathways. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:560020. [PMID: 33071755 PMCID: PMC7541815 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.560020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurite outgrowth is essential for brain development and the recovery of brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we examined the role of the neurotrophic factor MANF in regulating neurite outgrowth. We generated MANF knockout (KO) neuro2a (N2a) cell lines using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 and demonstrated that MANF KO N2a cells failed to grow neurites in response to RA stimulation. Using MANF siRNA, this finding was confirmed in human SH-SY5Y neuronal cell line. Nevertheless, MANF overexpression by adenovirus transduction or addition of MANF into culture media facilitated the growth of longer neurites in RA-treated N2a cells. MANF deficiency resulted in inhibition of Akt, Erk, mTOR, and P70S6, and impaired protein synthesis. MANF overexpression on the other hand facilitated the growth of longer neurites by activating Akt, Erk, mTOR, and P70S6. Pharmacological blockade of Akt, Erk or mTOR eliminated the promoting effect of MANF on neurite outgrowth. These findings suggest that MANF positively regulated neurite outgrowth by activating Akt/mTOR and Erk/mTOR signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wen
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Yongchao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Mei Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Jacqueline A Frank
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Murong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Jia Luo
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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246
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Martorana A, La Monica G, Lauria A. Quinoline-Based Molecules Targeting c-Met, EGF, and VEGF Receptors and the Proteins Involved in Related Carcinogenic Pathways. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184279. [PMID: 32961977 PMCID: PMC7571062 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The quinoline ring system has long been known as a versatile nucleus in the design and synthesis of biologically active compounds. Currently, more than one hundred quinoline compounds have been approved in therapy as antimicrobial, local anaesthetic, antipsychotic, and anticancer drugs. In drug discovery, indeed, over the last few years, an increase in the publication of papers and patents about quinoline derivatives possessing antiproliferative properties has been observed. This trend can be justified by the versatility and accessibility of the quinoline scaffold, from which new derivatives can be easily designed and synthesized. Within the numerous quinoline small molecules developed as antiproliferative drugs, this review is focused on compounds effective on c-Met, VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), and EGF (epidermal growth factor) receptors, pivotal targets for the activation of important carcinogenic pathways (Ras/Raf/MEK and PI3K/AkT/mTOR). These signalling cascades are closely connected and regulate the survival processes in the cell, such as proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and angiogenesis. The antiproliferative biological data of remarkable quinoline compounds have been analysed, confirming the pivotal importance of this ring system in the efficacy of several approved drugs. Furthermore, in view of an SAR (structure-activity relationship) study, the most recurrent ligand–protein interactions of the reviewed molecules are summarized.
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247
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Wei BR, Hoover SB, Peer CJ, Dwyer JE, Adissu HA, Shankarappa P, Yang H, Lee M, Peat TJ, Figg WD, Simpson RM. Efficacy, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Combined Targeted MEK and Dual mTORC1/2 Inhibition in a Preclinical Model of Mucosal Melanoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:2308-2318. [PMID: 32943547 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Melanomas arising in the mucous membranes are a rare and aggressive subtype. New treatment approaches are needed, yet accumulating sufficient evidence to improve patient outcomes is difficult. Clinical and pathological correlates between human and canine mucosal melanomas are substantial, and the relatively greater incidence of spontaneous naturally occurring mucosal melanoma in dogs represents a promising opportunity for predictive modeling. The genomic landscapes of human and canine mucosal melanoma appear highly diverse and generally lack recurring hotspot mutations associated with cutaneous melanomas. Although much remains to be determined, evidence indicates that Ras/MAPK and/or PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway activations are common in both species and may represent targets for therapeutic intervention. Sapanisertib, an mTORC1/2 inhibitor, was selected from a PI3K/mTOR inhibitor library to collaborate with MEK inhibition; the latter preclinical efficacy was demonstrated previously for canine mucosal melanoma. Combined inhibition of MEK and mTORC1/2, using trametinib and sapanisertib, produced apoptosis and cell-cycle alteration, synergistically reducing cell survival in canine mucosal melanoma cell lines with varying basal signaling activation levels. Compared with individual inhibitors, a staggered sapanisertib dose, coupled with daily trametinib, was optimal for limiting primary mucosal melanoma xenograft growth in mice, and tumor dissemination in a metastasis model, while minimizing hematologic and renal side effects. Inhibitors downmodulated respective signaling targets and the combination additionally suppressed pathway reciprocal crosstalk. The combination did not significantly change plasma sapanisertib pharmacokinetics; however, trametinib area under the curve was increased in the presence of sapanisertib. Targeting Ras/MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal transduction pathways appear rational therapies for canine and human mucosal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bih-Rong Wei
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.,Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, Maryland
| | - Shelley B Hoover
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Cody J Peer
- Clinical Pharmacology Program and the Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jennifer E Dwyer
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hibret A Adissu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Priya Shankarappa
- Clinical Pharmacology Program and the Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Howard Yang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Maxwell Lee
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tyler J Peat
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - William D Figg
- Clinical Pharmacology Program and the Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - R Mark Simpson
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
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248
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Foki E, Stanisz I, Kadletz L, Kotowski U, Seemann R, Schmid R, Heiduschka G. HS-173, a selective PI3K inhibitor, induces cell death in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2020; 133:26-31. [PMID: 32876741 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-020-01729-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The selective PI3K (Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor HS-173 has anticancer activity in non-small cell lung cancer and pancreatic cancer cells. Of all head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) 20% harbor specific mutations in the genome. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of HS-173 on HNSCC cell lines. METHODS The cell lines SCC25, CAL27 and FaDu were incubated with HS-173. Its antiproliferative effect was determined using the CCK‑8 cell proliferation assay. Combined incubation with cisplatin was performed and combination index analysis was conducted. To investigate its effect on radiotherapy, cells were irradiated with 2, 4, 6 and 8 Gy, respectively. Synergistic effects of radiation and HS-173 were measured by proliferation assays and clonogenic survival. RESULTS The use of HS-173 induced significant reduction of cell proliferation across all cell lines. Most interestingly, it showed a synergistic effect with cisplatin treatment. Clonogenic survival revealed a radiosensitizing effect in CAL27 and FaDu cells. The HS-173 caused significant induction of apoptosis in SCC25 and FaDu cells. CONCLUSION The selective PI3K inhibitor HS-173 is a potent chemosensitizing and also radiosensitizing drug in treatment of HNSCC cell lines and could be an effective treatment in PI3K-mutated HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Foki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabella Stanisz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lorenz Kadletz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulana Kotowski
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Seemann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Schmid
- Department of Radiotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Heiduschka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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The anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL suppress Beclin 1/Atg6-mediated lethal autophagy in polyploid cells. Exp Cell Res 2020; 394:112112. [PMID: 32473226 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of Aurora-B kinase is a synthetic lethal therapy for tumors that overexpress the MYC oncoprotein. It is currently unclear whether co-occurring oncogenic alterations might influence this synthetic lethality by conferring more or less potency in the killing of tumor cells. To identify such modifiers, isogenic cell lines were utilized to test a variety of cancer genes that have been previously demonstrated to promote survival under conditions of cellular stress, contribute to chemoresistance and/or suppress MYC-primed apoptosis. It was found that Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, two antiapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family, can partially suppress the synthetic lethality, but not multinucleation, elicited by a pan-aurora kinase inhibitor, VX-680. Suppression was show to stem from the inhibition of autophagy, specifically in multinucleated cells, rather than a general inhibition of apoptosis. The anti-autophagic activity of Bcl-2 also impacted polyploid cell recovery in colony-forming assays, suggesting a route of escape from MYC-VX-680 synthetic lethality that may have clinical consequences. These findings expand on previous conclusions that autophagic death of VX-680-induced polyploid cells is mediated by Atg6. Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL negatively modulate MYC-VX-680 synthetic lethality and it is the anti-autophagic activity of these two Bcl-2 family proteins, specifically in multinucleate cells, that contributes to resistance to Aurora kinase-targeting drugs.
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250
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Osrodek M, Rozanski M, Czyz M. Insulin Reduces the Efficacy of Vemurafenib and Trametinib in Melanoma Cells. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:7231-7250. [PMID: 32982400 PMCID: PMC7501594 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s263767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the progress made in the clinical management of metastatic melanoma, a patient's response to treatment cannot be fully predicted, and intrinsic or acquired resistance that is developed in most melanoma patients warrants further research efforts. In addition to genetic factors, microenvironmental input should be considered to explain the diversity of response to treatment among melanoma patients. In this study, we evaluated the impact of insulin on patient-derived BRAFV600E melanoma cells, either untreated or treated with vemurafenib or trametinib, inhibitors of BRAFV600 and MEK1/2, respectively. METHODS Cells were cultured in serum-free conditions, either with or without insulin. The activity of the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways was assessed by Western blotting, cell viability, and percentages of Ki-67- and NGFR-positive cells by flow cytometry. Transcript levels were analyzed using qRT-PCR, and γ-H2AX levels by immunoblotting and confocal microscopy. A luminescence-based assay was used to measure glutathione content. RESULTS While insulin did not influence the MAPK/ERK pathway activity, it had a strong influence on melanoma cells, in which this pathway was suppressed by either vemurafenib or trametinib. In the presence of insulin, both drugs were much less efficient in 1) inhibiting proliferation and reducing the percentage of Ki-67-positive cells, and 2) inducing apoptosis and phosphorylation of histone H2AX in melanoma cells. Changes induced by vemurafenib and trametinib in glutathione homeostasis and DNA repair gene expression were also attenuated by insulin. Moreover, insulin impaired the combined effects of targeted drugs and doxorubicin in melanoma cells. In addition to insulin-induced PI3K/AKT activity, which was either transient or sustainable depending on the cell line, an insulin-triggered increase in the percentage of cells expressing NGFR, a marker of neural crest stem-like cells, may contribute to the reduced drug efficacy. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate the role of insulin in reducing the efficacy of vemurafenib and trametinib. This needs clinical assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Osrodek
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michal Rozanski
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Czyz
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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