201
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Zhang Y, Zhang H, Ghosh D. The Stabilizing Excipients in Dry State Therapeutic Phage Formulations. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:133. [PMID: 32415395 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01673-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phage therapy has gained prominence due to the increasing pathogenicity of "super bugs" and the rise of their multidrug resistance to conventional antibiotics. Dry state formulation of therapeutic phage is attractive to improve their "druggability" by increasing their shelf life, improving their ease of handling, and ultimately retaining their long-term potency. The use and selection of excipients are critical to stabilize phage in solid formulations and protect their viability from stresses encountered during the solidification process and long-term storage prior to use. Here, this review focuses on the current classes of excipients used to manufacture dry state phage formulations and their ability to stabilize and protect phage throughout the process, as discussed in the literature. We provide perspective of outstanding challenges involved in the formulation of dry state phage. We suggest strategies to improve excipient identification and selection, optimize the potential excipient combinations to improve phage viability during formulation, and evaluate new methodologies that can provide greater insight into phage-excipient interactions to improve design criteria to improve formulation of dry state phage therapeutics. Addressing these challenges opens up new opportunities to re-design and re-imagine phage formulations for improved efficacy as a pharmaceutical product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Zhang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Ave, Stop A1920, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
- Formulation Development Department, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York, 10591, USA
| | - Hairui Zhang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Ave, Stop A1920, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
- Analytical Development Department, Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc., 5000 Marina Blvd., Brisbane, California, 94005, USA
| | - Debadyuti Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Ave, Stop A1920, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA.
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202
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Funaki R, Iwasaki H, Kashima T, Komatsu T. Lyophilized hemoglobin‐albumin cluster with disaccharides: Long‐term storable powder of artificial O
2
‐carrier. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Funaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and EngineeringChuo University Tokyo Japan
| | - Hitomi Iwasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and EngineeringChuo University Tokyo Japan
| | - Tomonori Kashima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and EngineeringChuo University Tokyo Japan
| | - Teruyuki Komatsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and EngineeringChuo University Tokyo Japan
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203
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Chang RYK, Kwok PCL, Khanal D, Morales S, Kutter E, Li J, Chan H. Inhalable bacteriophage powders: Glass transition temperature and bioactivity stabilization. Bioeng Transl Med 2020; 5:e10159. [PMID: 32440564 PMCID: PMC7237144 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent heightened interest in inhaled bacteriophage (phage) therapy for combating antibacterial resistance in pulmonary infections has led to the development of phage powder formulations. Although phages have been successfully bioengineered into inhalable powders with preserved bioactivity, the stabilization mechanism is yet unknown. This paper reports the first study investigating the stabilization mechanism for phages in these powders. Proteins and other biologics are known to be preserved in dry state within a glassy sugar matrix at storage temperatures (T s) at least ~50°C below the glass transition temperature (T g). This is because at (T g - T s) >50°C, molecules are sufficiently immobilized with reduced reactivity. We hypothesized that this glass stabilization mechanism may also be applicable to phages comprising mostly of proteins. In this study, spray dried powders of Pseudomonas phage PEV20 containing lactose and leucine as excipients were stored at 5, 25 or 50°C and 15 or 33% relative humidity (RH), followed by assessment of bioactivity (PEV20 stability) and physical properties. PEV20 was stable with negligible titer loss after storage at 5°C/15% RH for 250 days, while storage at 33% RH caused increased titer losses of 1 log10 and 3 log10 at 5 and 25°C, respectively. The plasticizing effect of water at 33% RH lowered the T g by 30°C, thus narrowing the gap between T s and T g to 19-28°C, which was insufficient for glass stabilization. In contrast, the (T g - T s) values were higher (range, 46-65°C) under the drier condition of 15% RH, resulting in the improved stability which corroborated with the vitrification hypothesis. Furthermore, phage remained stable (≤1 log10) when the (T g - T s) value lay between 26-48°C, but became inactivated as the value fell below 20°C. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that phage can be sufficiently stabilized in spray dried powders by keeping the (T g - T s) value above 46°C, thus supporting the vitrification hypothesis that phages are stabilized by immobilization inside a rigid glassy sugar matrix. These findings provide a guide to better manufacture and storage practices of inhaled phage powder products using for translational medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Yoon Kyung Chang
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of PharmacyThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Philip Chi Lip Kwok
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of PharmacyThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Dipesh Khanal
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of PharmacyThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | | | - Jian Li
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Infection and Immunity Program and Department of MicrobiologyMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Hak‐Kim Chan
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of PharmacyThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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204
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Development and Characterization of a Novel Peptide-Loaded Antimicrobial Ocular Insert. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050664. [PMID: 32344824 PMCID: PMC7277359 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious ocular keratitis is the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Bacterial resistance to classical pharmacological treatments raised the interest of researchers towards antimicrobial peptide (AMP)-based therapy. hLF 1-11, a synthetic antimicrobial peptide derived from the N-terminus of human lactoferrin, proved effective against different bacteria and yeast but, like all proteinaceous materials, it is unstable from chemical, physical, and biological points of view. In this study, new freeze-dried solid matrices containing mucoadhesive polymers were prepared and characterized in terms of rheology, hydration time, bioadhesion, drug content, and in vitro release. The formulation HPMC/T2/HA/hLF 1-11fd was selected for the delivery of hLF 1-11, since it showed good drug recovery and no chemical degradation up to at least 6 months (long-term stability). Furthermore, the HPMC/T2/HA/hLF 1-11fd matrix allowed for the release of the drug in a simulated physiological environment, linked to an optimal hydration time, and the peptide antimicrobial activity was preserved for up to 15 months of storage, a very promising result considering the chemical liability of proteinaceous material. For its properties, the freeze-dried matrix developed in this study could be a good platform for the delivery of antimicrobial peptides in the precorneal area to treat infectious phenomena of the ocular surface.
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205
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Gregorio NE, Kao WY, Williams LC, Hight CM, Patel P, Watts KR, Oza JP. Unlocking Applications of Cell-Free Biotechnology through Enhanced Shelf Life and Productivity of E. coli Extracts. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:766-778. [PMID: 32083847 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.9b00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) is a platform biotechnology that enables a breadth of applications. However, field applications remain limited due to the poor shelf-stability of aqueous cell extracts required for CFPS. Lyophilization of E. coli extracts improves shelf life but remains insufficient for extended storage at room temperature. To address this limitation, we mapped the chemical space of ten low-cost additives with four distinct mechanisms of action in a combinatorial manner to identify formulations capable of stabilizing lyophilized cell extract. We report three key findings: (1) unique additive formulations that maintain full productivity of cell extracts stored at 4 °C and 23 °C; (2) additive formulations that enhance extract productivity by nearly 2-fold; (3) a machine learning algorithm that provides predictive capacity for the stabilizing effects of additive formulations that were not tested experimentally. These findings provide a simple and low-cost advance toward making CFPS field-ready and cost-competitive for biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E. Gregorio
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
- Center for Applications in Biotechnology, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Wesley Y. Kao
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
- Center for Applications in Biotechnology, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Layne C. Williams
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
- Center for Applications in Biotechnology, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Christopher M. Hight
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
- Center for Applications in Biotechnology, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Pratish Patel
- Department of Finance, Orfalea College of Business, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Katharine R. Watts
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
- Center for Applications in Biotechnology, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Javin P. Oza
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
- Center for Applications in Biotechnology, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
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206
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Molavi F, Barzegar-Jalali M, Hamishehkar H. Polyester based polymeric nano and microparticles for pharmaceutical purposes: A review on formulation approaches. J Control Release 2020; 320:265-282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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207
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Bellali S, Bou Khalil J, Fontanini A, Raoult D, Lagier JC. A new protectant medium preserving bacterial viability after freeze drying. Microbiol Res 2020; 236:126454. [PMID: 32200250 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Freeze-drying technology has been widely considered for decades as a suitable technique to preserve microorganisms. However, protective agents must be added prior to freeze drying to improve the survival and storage stability of the bacteria. The objective of our study was to evaluate the effect of a new protectant medium containing sucrose (10 %), trehalose (10 %), skimmed milk (10 %) and antioxidants on the viability of gut bacteria under different storage conditions. Two strains were tested, Escherichia coli and Akkermansia muciniphila, as examples of facultative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, respectively. We studied the cell viability and bacterial morphology in 5 fecal samples in the presence and absence of this protectant medium using plating technique, flow cytometry and scanning electron microscopy. The results of bacterial viability assessed by plating method showed that the protectant medium yielded higher survival rates for both strains whatever the storage conditions (85-93 %) compared to normal saline solution (0.36-37.50 %). It also showed its effectiveness on fecal samples, where bacterial viability after freeze-drying was 89.47 ± 7.63 % and 84.01 ± 7.44 %, as evidenced by flow cytometry analysis and plating method. However unprotected samples showed the lowest cell viability at 19.01 ± 12.88 % and 13.23 ± 9.56 %, as measured by flow cytometry and plating method. In addition, bacterial size and shape were conserved in the protectant medium. In contrast, storage without protectant medium severely damaged bacterial morphology. In conclusion, our study is the first to use morphological features as well as culture-dependant and culture-independent tests to evaluate the effectiveness of a new protectant medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bellali
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Didier Raoult
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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208
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Isleroglu H, Turker I. Evaluation of Process Conditions for Ultrasonic Spray Freeze Drying of Transglutaminase. Food Technol Biotechnol 2020; 58:38-48. [PMID: 32684786 PMCID: PMC7365335 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.58.01.20.6544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a commercial transglutaminase enzyme was dried using an ultrasonic spray freeze drying method and the effects of the process conditions were optimized to maximize the final transglutaminase activity. Accordingly, process parameters affecting enzyme activity were selected, such as nozzle frequency (48 and 120 kHz), flow rate (2, 5 and 8 mL/min) and plate temperature for secondary drying (25, 35 and 45 °C). Moreover, the effects of different pH values (pH=2.0 and pH=9.0) and high temperature (80 °C) on enzyme activity, physical properties and particle morphology of transglutaminase were discussed. According to the results, transglutaminase preserved its activity despite ultrasonic spray freeze drying. Sonication enhanced the enzyme activity. Using the desirability function method, the optimum process conditions were determined to be flow rate 3.10 mL/min, plate temperature 45 °C and nozzle frequency 120 kHz. The predicted activity ratio was 1.17, and experimentally obtained ratio was 1.14±0.02. Furthermore, enzyme produced by ultrasonic spray freeze drying had low moisture values (2.92-4.36%) at 8 h of drying. When the morphological structure of the transglutaminase particles produced by ultrasonic spray freeze drying under the optimum conditions was examined, spherical particles with pores on their surfaces were observed. In addition, flow properties of the transglutaminase powders were considered as fair under most conditions according to the Carr index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Isleroglu
- Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture
- Food Engineering Department, Tasliciftlik Campus, 60150 Tokat, Turkey
| | - Izzet Turker
- Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture
- Food Engineering Department, Tasliciftlik Campus, 60150 Tokat, Turkey
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209
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Rautiola D, Updyke JL, Nelson KM, Siegel RA. Diazepam Prodrug Stabilizes Human Aminopeptidase B during Lyophilization. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:453-460. [PMID: 31829605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human aminopeptidase B (APB) is a labile enzyme that is being investigated as a biocatalyst for intranasal delivery of prodrug/enzyme combinations. Therefore, the stability of APB is a major concern to ensure a viable drug product. Lyophilization is one technique commonly used to extend shelf life of enzymes. However, the lyophilization process itself can cause conformational changes and aggregation, leading to inactivation of enzymes. In this study, we demonstrate the use of the substrate avizafone (AVF), a prodrug for diazepam, as a stabilizer to minimize inactivation of APB during lyophilization. Permutations of APB samples combined with AVF, trehalose, and/or mannitol were snap-frozen and lyophilized, and subsequently reconstituted to measure the activity of APB. Of the formulation permutations, an APB + AVF + trehalose combination resulted in minimum degradation with 71% retention of activity. This was followed by APB + AVF and APB + trehalose with 60 and 56% retention of activity, respectively. In comparison, APB + mannitol and APB alone retained only 16 and 6.4% activity, respectively. Lyophilizates of the APB + AVF + trehalose formulation were subjected to a 6 month accelerated stability study, at the end of which negligible reduction in activity was observed. These results suggest that colyophilization of an enzyme with its substrate can impart stability on par with the commonly used lyoprotectant, trehalose, but the combination of substrate and trehalose provides a greater stabilizing effect than either additive alone.
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210
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Impact of dextran on thermal properties, product quality attributes, and monoclonal antibody stability in freeze-dried formulations. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 147:45-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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211
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Excipients in freeze-dried biopharmaceuticals: Contributions toward formulation stability and lyophilisation cycle optimisation. Int J Pharm 2020; 576:119029. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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212
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Zheng XT, Choi Y, Phua DGG, Tan YN. Noncovalent Fluorescent Biodot-Protein Conjugates with Well-Preserved Native Functions for Improved Sweat Glucose Detection. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:754-763. [PMID: 31995367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To overcome the traditional issues of protein labeling, we report herein an effective approach for noncovalent conjugation of the biomolecule-derived fluorescent nanodots (biodot) to functional proteins without the addition of chemical linkers for biosensor development. The as-prepared fluorescent biodot-protein conjugates are very stable near physiological pH, exhibiting excellent photostability and thermal stability. More importantly, the native functions of proteins, including drug binding and enzymatic activities, are well-preserved after conjugating with biodots. The optimized protein conjugation strategy is then applied to prepare biodot-glucose oxidase (GOx) fluorescent sensing probes for sweat glucose detection. Results show that the as-prepared sensing probes could achieve better assay performance than those covalent conjugates as demonstrated herein. Specifically, GOx in the noncovalently bound conjugates are able to catalyze the oxidation of glucose effectively, which generates hydrogen peroxide as a byproduct. In the presence of Fe2+, Fenton reaction takes place to produce hydroxyl radicals and Fe3+, leading to significant fluorescence quenching of biodots on the conjugates. This simple one-step enzymatic assay in a single probe achieves a wide linear range of 25-1000 μM (R2 = 0.99) with a low detection limit of 25 μM. Furthermore, negligible interference is observed in the complex artificial sweat sample for accurate glucose quantification, achieving an excellent recovery rate of 100.5 ± 2.2%. This work provides a facile conjugation method that is generally applicable to a wide range of proteins, which will help to accelerate future development of multifunctional fluorescent probes to provide optical signals with unique protein functions (e.g., enzymatic, recognition, etc.) for biomedical sensing and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ting Zheng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Yoonah Choi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Darren Guan Ge Phua
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Yen Nee Tan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore.,Faculty of Science, Agriculture & Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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213
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Kang L, Smith S, Wang C. Metal-Organic Framework Preserves the Biorecognition of Antibodies on Nanoscale Surfaces Validated by Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:3011-3020. [PMID: 31846291 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Antibody biorecognition forms the basis for numerous biomedical applications such as diagnostic assays, targeted drug delivery, and targeted cancer imaging. However, antibodies, especially after being conjugated to surfaces or nanostructures, suffer from stability issues when stored under nonrefrigeration conditions. Therefore, enhancing the stability of antibodies on surfaces and nanostructures under ambient and elevated temperatures is of paramount importance for many nanobiotechnology applications. In this study, we introduce a simple and facile approach based on a metal-organic framework (MOF) coating to preserve the biorecognition capability of antibodies immobilized on nanoscale surfaces after exposure to elevated temperatures for a prolonged period. By using atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based force spectroscopy, we demonstrate that the MOF coating is able to preserve the binding force and binding frequency of the anti-CD-146 antibody attached to an AFM tip to CD-146 antigen on the surface of melanoma cells at the single-molecule level. We also demonstrate that the MOF coating outperforms another commonly used sucrose coatings in terms of maintaining the binding force and binding frequency of the antibody to antigen. Herein, the AFM tip functionalized with antibodies provides a nanoscale testbed (analogous to an antibody-conjugated nanostructure) to assess antibody biorecognition at the single-molecule level and preservation efficacy under antibody denaturing conditions. This MOF coating approach should be applicable to the preservation of a variety of antibody-conjugated nanostructures aiming for targeted drug delivery, targeted cancer imaging, and nanobiosensors. The improved stability and elimination of refrigeration requirements will facilitate wide applications of antibody-enabled nanobiotechnology in resource-limited environments and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Kang
- Nanoscience and Nanoengineering , South Dakota School of Mines and Technology , 501 East Saint Joseph Street , Rapid City , South Dakota 57701 , United States
- BioSystems Networks/Translational Research (BioSNTR) , 501 East Saint Joseph Street , Rapid City , South Dakota 57701 , United States
| | - Steve Smith
- Nanoscience and Nanoengineering , South Dakota School of Mines and Technology , 501 East Saint Joseph Street , Rapid City , South Dakota 57701 , United States
- BioSystems Networks/Translational Research (BioSNTR) , 501 East Saint Joseph Street , Rapid City , South Dakota 57701 , United States
| | - Congzhou Wang
- Nanoscience and Nanoengineering , South Dakota School of Mines and Technology , 501 East Saint Joseph Street , Rapid City , South Dakota 57701 , United States
- BioSystems Networks/Translational Research (BioSNTR) , 501 East Saint Joseph Street , Rapid City , South Dakota 57701 , United States
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214
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Sun H, Hua X, Zhang M, Wang Y, Chen Y, Zhang J, Wang C, Wang Y. Whey Protein Concentrate, Pullulan, and Trehalose as Thermal Protective Agents for Increasing Viability of Lactobacillus plantarum Starter by Spray Drying. Food Sci Anim Resour 2020; 40:118-131. [PMID: 31970336 PMCID: PMC6957444 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2019.e94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
It is necessary to add protective agents for protecting the probiotic viability in the preparation process of probiotics starter. In this study, we used whey protein concentrate (WPC), pullulan, trehalose, and sodium glutamate as the protective agent and optimized the proportion of protective agent and spray-drying parameters to achieve the best protective effect on Lactobacillus plantarum. Moreover, the viable counts of L. plantarum in starter stored at different temperatures (-20°C, 4°C, and 25°C) for 360 days were determined. According to response surface method (RSM), the optimal proportion of protective agent was 24.6 g/L WPC, 18.8 g/L pullulan, 16.7 g/L trehalose and 39.3 g/L sodium glutamate. The optimum spray-drying parameters were the ratio of bacteria to protective agents 3:1 (v: v), the feed flow rate 240 mL/h, and the inlet air temperature 115°C through orthogonal test. Based on the above results, the viable counts of L. plantarum was 12.22±0.27 Log CFU/g and the survival rate arrived at 85.12%. The viable counts of L. plantarum stored at -20°C was more than 1010 CFU/g after 200 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyue Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering,
Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun,
China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food
Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University,
Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoman Hua
- College of Food Science and Engineering,
Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun,
China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food
Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University,
Changchun, China
| | - Minghao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering,
Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun,
China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food
Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University,
Changchun, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering,
Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun,
China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food
Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University,
Changchun, China
| | - Yiying Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering,
Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun,
China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food
Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University,
Changchun, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering,
Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun,
China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food
Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University,
Changchun, China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering,
Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun,
China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food
Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University,
Changchun, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering,
Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun,
China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food
Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University,
Changchun, China
- National Processing Laboratory for Soybean
Industry and Technology, Changchun,
China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat
and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun,
China
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215
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Ambroise V, Legay S, Guerriero G, Hausman JF, Cuypers A, Sergeant K. The Roots of Plant Frost Hardiness and Tolerance. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:3-20. [PMID: 31626277 PMCID: PMC6977023 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Frost stress severely affects agriculture and agroforestry worldwide. Although many studies about frost hardening and resistance have been published, most of them focused on the aboveground organs and only a minority specifically targets the roots. However, roots and aboveground tissues have different physiologies and stress response mechanisms. Climate models predict an increase in the magnitude and frequency of late-frost events, which, together with an observed loss of soil insulation, will greatly decrease plant primary production due to damage at the root level. Molecular and metabolic responses inducing root cold hardiness are complex. They involve a variety of processes related to modifications in cell wall composition, maintenance of the cellular homeostasis and the synthesis of primary and secondary metabolites. After a summary of the current climatic models, this review details the specificity of freezing stress at the root level and explores the strategies roots developed to cope with freezing stress. We then describe the level to which roots can be frost hardy, depending on their age, size category and species. After that, we compare the environmental signals inducing cold acclimation and frost hardening in the roots and aboveground organs. Subsequently, we discuss how roots sense cold at a cellular level and briefly describe the following signal transduction pathway, which leads to molecular and metabolic responses associated with frost hardening. Finally, the current options available to increase root frost tolerance are explored and promising lines of future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Ambroise
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sylvain Legay
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Gea Guerriero
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jean-Francois Hausman
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Ann Cuypers
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Kjell Sergeant
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
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216
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Price DN, Kunda NK, Ellis R, Muttil P. Design and Optimization of a Temperature-Stable Dry Powder BCG Vaccine. Pharm Res 2019; 37:11. [PMID: 31873825 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2739-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Loss of vaccine potency due to extreme temperature exposure during storage and transport remains a significant obstacle to the success of many vaccines, including the Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, the only vaccine available against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. BCG is a live, attenuated vaccine requiring refrigerated storage for viability. In this study, we formulated a temperature-stable BCG dry powder using the spray drying technique. METHODS We employed a factorial design to optimize our formulation of stabilizing excipients that included L-leucine, bovine serum albumin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, mannitol, and trehalose. Powders were characterized for their particle size, yield, water retention and uptake, glass transition temperature, and aerosol performance. Three optimal powder carrier mixtures were selected from the factorial design for BCG incorporation based on their stability-promoting and powder flow characteristics. Vaccine powders were also assessed for BCG viability and in vivo immunogenicity after long-term storage. RESULTS Live BCG was successfully spray-dried using the optimized carriers. Dry powder BCG showed no loss in viability (25°C, up to 60% relative humidity; RH) and ~2-log loss in viability (40°C, 75% RH) after one year of storage. The aerodynamic size of the powders was in the respirable range. Further, when healthy mice were immunized intradermally with reconstituted BCG powders (storage for 2 years), the vaccine retained its immunogenicity. CONCLUSION We developed a spray-dried BCG vaccine that was viable and antigenic after long-term storage. To our knowledge, this is a first study to show room temperature stability of live BCG vaccine without any loss in viability for 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique N Price
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of New Mexico, Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA
| | - Nitesh K Kunda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Jamaica, New York, 11439, USA
| | - Rajaun Ellis
- Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA.,Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, 33314, USA
| | - Pavan Muttil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA.
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217
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Guimarães D, Noro J, Silva C, Cavaco-Paulo A, Nogueira E. Protective Effect of Saccharides on Freeze-Dried Liposomes Encapsulating Drugs. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:424. [PMID: 31921827 PMCID: PMC6927910 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of freeze-dried liposomes encapsulating drugs is considered a key challenge since the drugs are prone to leakage. The aim of this work was to study the effect of different saccharides on preserving the stability and drug retention capacity of a previously developed liposomal formulation, when subjected to a freeze-drying process. The protective role of trehalose, lactose, glucose, mannitol and sucrose, known for their cryo/lyoprotective effect, was tested by addition of different concentrations to liposomes. Sucrose, in a concentration dependent manner (8:1 sugar:lipids mass ratio) proved to be a suitable cryo/lyoprotectant of these liposomes. Effectively, this saccharide prevents the fusion or/and aggregation of the liposomal formulation, protecting the integrity of the freeze-dried empty liposomes. The liposomal formulation containing sucrose was studied in terms of morphology, concentration, and anticancer drugs retention ability. The study involved two drugs encapsulated in the aqueous core, methotrexate (MTX) and doxorubicin (DOX), and one drug located in the lipid bilayer, tamoxifen (TAM). After the freeze-drying process, liposomes with sucrose encapsulating drugs revealed high physical stability, maintaining their narrow and monodisperse character, however high leakage of the drugs encapsulated in the aqueous core was observed. Otherwise, no significant drug leakage was detected on liposomes containing the TAM, which maintained its biological activity after the freeze-drying process. These findings reveal that sucrose is a good candidate for the cryo/lyoprotection of liposomes with drugs located in the lipid bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Guimarães
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Jennifer Noro
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Carla Silva
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Eugénia Nogueira
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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218
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Effect of chemical modification with carboxymethyl dextran on kinetic and structural properties of L-asparaginase. Anal Biochem 2019; 591:113537. [PMID: 31821805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.113537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
l-asparaginase is a chemotherapy agent in the treatment of childhood leukemia. l-asparaginase has several side effects and a short blood half-life in patients. Chemical modification of l-asparaginase can decrease its side effects and improve its pharmacokinetic properties. The aim of this project was twofold: to chemically modify l-asparaginase with carboxymethyl dextran via carbodiimide cross linker, and to evaluate and compare the biochemical and structural properties of the native and modified enzymes. Chemical modification was done at 25 °C, in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.2, and in the presence of N-hydroxysuccinimide and carbodiimide. Electrophoresis and free amino groups determination confirmed the chemical modification. Biochemical studies showed that the chemical modification could result in higher specific activity and stability of the modified enzyme. Structural studies further confirmed the chemical modification and revealed conformational changes in the modified enzyme. Taken together, the results showed that chemical modification with carboxymethyl dextran brings about improvement of biochemical properties through several changes in the structural attributes of l-asparaginase and might enhance its applicability in the treatment of childhood leukemia.
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219
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Effects of CaCl2 freeze-drying and acidic solutions on the reusability of calcium alginate beads; and degradation of phenol by immobilized Acinetobacter sp. PR1. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.107339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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220
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Accumulation of intracellular trehalose and lactose in Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 during pulsed electric field treatment and subsequent freeze and spray drying. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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221
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Gervasi V, Cullen S, McCoy T, Crean A, Vucen S. Application of a mixture DOE for the prediction of formulation critical temperatures during lyophilisation process optimisation. Int J Pharm 2019; 572:118807. [PMID: 31678526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
During lyophilisation cycle design, primary drying parameters (chamber pressure and shelf temperature) are adjusted to maximize the sublimation rate and prevent cake collapse, by maintaining the product continuously below its critical temperatures. The objective of this study was to employ mixture design of experiments to generate empirical models capable of predicting glass transition of the maximally freeze concentrated solution (Tg') and collapse temperature (Tc) of amorphous protein (BSA and IgG1) formulations. Additionally, the models developed aid the design of high concentration protein formulations with maximised critical temperatures to obtain shorter and more cost-effective lyophilisation cycles. Formulations contain sucrose as cryo/lyo-protectant and arginine/arginine-HCl as multifunctional excipient (e.g. solubility enhancer, viscosity and aggregation suppressor). The impact of formulation components at varied ratios on critical temperatures was evaluated; the amorphous excipients decrease critical temperatures, on the contrary, the protein increases critical temperatures. The robustness of the empirical models generated with BSA formulations was verified with BSA and IgG1 formulations. The models showed greater accuracy in predicting Tg' than the Fox-Flory equation. For the first time, empirical models are reported to predict both critical temperatures. Finally, unconventional collapse events observed for formulations with and without arginine/arginine-HCl at different protein concentrations are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gervasi
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Manufacturing Science Department, Sanofi, Waterford, Ireland
| | - S Cullen
- Manufacturing Science Department, Sanofi, Waterford, Ireland
| | - T McCoy
- Global Biologics Drug Product Development (BioDPD), Sanofi R&D, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - A Crean
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - S Vucen
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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222
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Nouraei MS, Faghihi H, Najafabadi AR, Zadeh AHM, Darabi M, Vatanara A. Human Serum Albumin, a Suitable Candidate to Stabilize Freeze-Dried IgG in Combination with Trehalose: Central Composite Design. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:327. [PMID: 31659590 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1509-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Freeze-dried immunoglobulin G (IgG) incorporating trehalose and human serum albumin (HSA) was statistically evaluated regarding the existence of synergism between additives on the stability profile. The levels of HSA (X1) and trehalose (X2) were independent variables. Aggregation following the process (Y1), after 2 and 3 months at 40°C (Y2) and (Y3), respectively, along with the rate constant of aggregation (Y4) were dependent variables. Aggregation and beta-sheet conformation were quantified through size-exclusion chromatography (SEC-HPLC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Central composite design (CCD) suggested the best formulation. The integrity and thermodynamic stability of optimized formulation were investigated through sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The calculated responses were Y1, 0-0.90%; Y2, 0.4-4.3%; Y3, 2.10-13.46%; and Y4, 0.16-0.69 1/month. The optimized formulation had 10 mg IgG, 86 mg trehalose, and 1 mg HSA with observed responses of Y1, 0.01%; Y2, 0.51%; Y3, 3.08%; and Y4, 0.33 1/month. The models were statistically well-fitted. The optimized formulation was amorphous during freeze-drying (FD), and no fragmentation was observed. Trehalose and HSA demonstrated statistical synergism. CCD was successfully employed to recommend the best ratio of stabilizers and achieve the maximum stabilization of IgG as a model freeze-dried antibody.
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223
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Nguyen KTT, Frijlink HW, Hinrichs WLJ. Inhomogeneous Distribution of Components in Solid Protein Pharmaceuticals: Origins, Consequences, Analysis, and Resolutions. J Pharm Sci 2019; 109:134-153. [PMID: 31606540 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Successful development of stable solid protein formulations usually requires the addition of one or several excipients to achieve optimal stability. In these products, there is a potential risk of an inhomogeneous distribution of the various ingredients, specifically the ratio of protein and stabilizer may vary. Such inhomogeneity can be detrimental for stability but is mostly neglected in literature. In the past, it was challenging to analyze inhomogeneous component distribution, but recent advances in analytical techniques have revealed new options to investigate this phenomenon. This paper aims to review fundamental aspects of the inhomogeneous distribution of components of freeze-dried and spray-dried protein formulations. Four key topics will be presented and discussed, including the sources of component inhomogeneity, its consequences on protein stability, the analytical methods to reveal component inhomogeneity, and possible solutions to prevent or mitigate inhomogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh T T Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Henderik W Frijlink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter L J Hinrichs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands.
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224
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Mutsenko V, Barlič A, Pezić T, Dermol-Černe J, Dovgan B, Sydykov B, Wolkers WF, Katkov II, Glasmacher B, Miklavčič D, Gryshkov O. Me 2SO- and serum-free cryopreservation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells using electroporation-assisted delivery of sugars. Cryobiology 2019; 91:104-114. [PMID: 31593692 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cryopreservation is the universal technology used to enable long-term storage and continuous availability of cell stocks and tissues for regenerative medicine demands. The main components of standard freezing media are dimethyl sulfoxide (hereinafter Me2SO) and fetal bovine serum (FBS). However, for manufacturing of cells and tissue-engineered products in accordance with the principles of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP), current considerations in regenerative medicine suggest development of Me2SO- and serum-free biopreservation strategies due to safety concerns over Me2SO-induced side effects and immunogenicity of animal serum. In this work, the effect of electroporation-assisted pre-freeze delivery of sucrose, trehalose and raffinose into human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) on their post-thaw survival was investigated. The optimal strength of electric field at 8 pulses with 100 μs duration and 1 Hz pulse repetition frequency was determined to be 1.5 kV/cm from permeabilization (propidium iodide uptake) vs. cell recovery data (resazurin reduction assay). Using sugars as sole cryoprotectants with electroporation, concentration-dependent increase in cell survival was observed. Irrespective of sugar type, the highest cell survival (up to 80%) was achieved at 400 mM extracellular concentration and electroporation. Cell freezing without electroporation yielded significantly lower survival rates. In the optimal scenario, cells were able to attach 24 h after thawing demonstrating characteristic shape and sugar-loaded vacuoles. Application of 10% Me2SO/90% FBS as a positive control provided cell survival exceeding 90%. Next, high glass transition temperatures determined for optimal concentrations of sugars by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) suggest the possibility to store samples at -80 °C. In summary, using electroporation to incorporate cryoprotective sugars into cells is an effective strategy towards Me2SO- and serum-free cryopreservation and may pave the way for further progress in establishing clinically safe biopreservation strategies for efficient long-term biobanking of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalii Mutsenko
- Institute for Multiphase Processes, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
| | | | - Tamara Pezić
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janja Dermol-Černe
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Dovgan
- Educell Ltd, Trzin, Slovenia; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bulat Sydykov
- Institute for Multiphase Processes, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Willem F Wolkers
- Institute for Multiphase Processes, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Igor I Katkov
- Laboratory of the Amorphous State, Institute for Natural and Engineering Sciences, Belgorod National Research University, Belgorod, Russia; MIP Vitronix, ltd, Belgorod, Russia
| | - Birgit Glasmacher
- Institute for Multiphase Processes, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Damijan Miklavčič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Oleksandr Gryshkov
- Institute for Multiphase Processes, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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225
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Beugeling M, Amssoms K, Cox F, De Clerck B, Van Gulck E, Verwoerd JA, Kraus G, Roymans D, Baert L, Frijlink HW, Hinrichs WLJ. Development of a Stable Respiratory Syncytial Virus Pre-Fusion Protein Powder Suitable for a Core-Shell Implant with a Delayed Release in Mice: A Proof of Concept Study. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11100510. [PMID: 31623333 PMCID: PMC6835792 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11100510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is an increasing interest to apply pre-fusion (pre-F) protein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) as antigen for the development of a subunit vaccine. A pre-F-containing powder would increase the flexibility regarding the route of administration. For instance, a pre-F-containing powder could be incorporated into a single-injection system releasing a primer, and after a lag time, a booster. The most challenging aspect, obtaining the booster after a lag time, may be achieved by incorporating the powder into a core encapsulated by a nonporous poly(dl-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) shell. We intended to develop a stable freeze-dried pre-F-containing powder. Furthermore, we investigated whether incorporation of this powder into the core-shell implant was feasible and whether this system would induce a delayed RSV virus-neutralizing antibody (VNA) response in mice. The developed pre-F-containing powder, consisting of pre-F in a matrix of inulin, HEPES, sodium chloride, and Tween 80, was stable during freeze-drying and storage for at least 28 days at 60 °C. Incorporation of this powder into the core-shell implant was feasible and the core-shell production process did not affect the stability of pre-F. An in vitro release study showed that pre-F was incompletely released from the core-shell implant after a lag time of 4 weeks. The incomplete release may be the result of pre-F instability within the core-shell implant during the lag time and requires further research. Mice subcutaneously immunized with a pre-F-containing core-shell implant showed a delayed RSV VNA response that corresponded with pre-F release from the core-shell implant after a lag time of approximately 4 weeks. Moreover, pre-F-containing core-shell implants were able to boost RSV VNA titers of primed mice after a lag time of 4 weeks. These findings could contribute to the development of a single-injection pre-F-based vaccine containing a primer and a booster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Beugeling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Katie Amssoms
- Drug Product Development_Developability, Janssen Research and Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Freek Cox
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., Archimedesweg 4-6, 2333 CN Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Ben De Clerck
- Janssen Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Janssen Research and Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Ellen Van Gulck
- Janssen Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Janssen Research and Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Jeroen A Verwoerd
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Guenter Kraus
- Janssen Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Janssen Research and Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Dirk Roymans
- Janssen Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Janssen Research and Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Lieven Baert
- Jalima Pharma bvba, Jozef Van Walleghemstraat 11, 8200 Brugge, Belgium.
| | - Henderik W Frijlink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Wouter L J Hinrichs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
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226
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Formulation Composition and Process Affect Counterion for CSP7 Peptide. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11100498. [PMID: 31569515 PMCID: PMC6835953 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11100498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Counterions commonly remain with peptides in salt form after peptide purification. In animal and human studies, acetate counterions are a safer and more acceptable choice for peptides than others (e.g., trifluoroacetate counterions). Various salt forms of caveolin-1 scaffolding domain (CSP7) affect counterion volatilization. The development of lyophilized formulations containing volatile compounds is a challenge because these compounds sublimate away during the process. This work aims to investigate the effect of excipients and lyophilization parameters on the preservation of volatile compounds after lyophilization. The peak areas obtained from 1H and 19F NMR spectra were used to calculate the molar ratio of counterions to CSP7. We found that the pH modifier excipient had the greatest impact on the loss of counterions. By optimizing the molar ratio of bulking agent to CSP7, volatile compounds can be preserved after lyophilization. Higher chamber pressure during lyophilization can lower the sublimation rate of volatile compounds. Moreover, the loss of volatile compounds affects the stability of CSP7 due to the pH shift of reconstituted solutions, thereby causing peptide aggregation. The optimization of the formulation and processing helps preserve volatile compounds, thus minimizing the pH change of reconstituted solutions and maintaining the stability of peptide.
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227
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Shmool TA, Batens M, Massant J, Van den Mooter G, Zeitler JA. Tracking solid state dynamics in spray-dried protein powders at infrared and terahertz frequencies. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 144:244-251. [PMID: 31546022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Talia A Shmool
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Maarten Batens
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Massant
- Biological Formulation Development, UCB Pharma, Braine l'Alleud, Belgium
| | | | - J Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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228
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Mah PT, O'Connell P, Focaroli S, Lundy R, O'Mahony TF, Hastedt JE, Gitlin I, Oscarson S, Fahy JV, Healy AM. The use of hydrophobic amino acids in protecting spray dried trehalose formulations against moisture-induced changes. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 144:139-153. [PMID: 31536784 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Trehalose is commonly used as a protein stabilizer in spray dried protein formulations delivered via the pulmonary route. Spray dried trehalose formulations are highly hygroscopic, which makes them prone to deliquescence and recrystallization when exposed to moisture, leading to impairment in aerosolization performance. The main aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effect of hydrophobic amino acids (i.e. L-leucine and L-isoleucine) in enhancing aerosolization performance and in mitigating moisture-induced changes in spray dried trehalose formulations. Trehalose was spray dried with 20-60% w/w of amino acid (i.e. L-leucine or L-isoleucine). The spray dried formulations were stored at 25 °C/50% RH for 28 days. Solid state characterization and in vitro aerosolization performance studies were performed on the spray dried formulations before and after storage. The addition of 20-60% w/w of amino acid (i.e. L-leucine or L-isoleucine) improved the emitted fractions of spray dried trehalose formulations from a dry powder inhaler. However, ≥ 40% w/w of L-leucine/L-isoleucine was needed to prevent recrystallization of trehalose in the formulations when exposed to 25 °C/50% RH for 28 days. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) demonstrated that samples with 40-60% w/w L-isoleucine had more amino acid on the surfaces of the particles compared to their L-leucine counterparts. This may explain the greater ability of the L-isoleucine (40-60% w/w) samples to cope with elevated humidity compared to L-leucine samples of the same concentrations, as observed in the dynamic vapour sorption (DVS) studies. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that both L-leucine and L-isoleucine were effective in enhancing aerosolization performance and mitigating moisture-induced reduction in aerosolization performance in spray dried trehalose formulations. L-isoleucine proved to be superior to L-leucine in terms of its moisture protectant effect when incorporated at the same concentration in the formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei T Mah
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peter O'Connell
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stefano Focaroli
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ross Lundy
- Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER), Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tom F O'Mahony
- Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER), Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Irina Gitlin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Stefan Oscarson
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - John V Fahy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Anne Marie Healy
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), Ireland.
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229
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Xu AY, Castellanos MM, Mattison K, Krueger S, Curtis JE. Studying Excipient Modulated Physical Stability and Viscosity of Monoclonal Antibody Formulations Using Small-Angle Scattering. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:4319-4338. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Yuanyuan Xu
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Maria Monica Castellanos
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Kevin Mattison
- Malvern Panalytical, 117 Flanders Road, Westborough, Massachusetts 01581, United States
| | - Susan Krueger
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Joseph E. Curtis
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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230
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van der Sman R, Mauer LJ. Starch gelatinization temperature in sugar and polyol solutions explained by hydrogen bond density. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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231
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Brunaugh AD, Wu T, Kanapuram SR, Smyth HDC. Effect of Particle Formation Process on Characteristics and Aerosol Performance of Respirable Protein Powders. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:4165-4180. [PMID: 31448924 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary delivery of biopharmaceuticals may enable targeted local therapeutic effect and noninvasive systemic administration. Dry powder inhaler (DPI) delivery is an established patient-friendly approach for delivering large molecules to the lungs; however, the complexities of balancing protein stability with aerosol performance require that the design space of biopharmaceutical DPI formulations is rigorously explored. Utilizing four rationally selected formulations obtained using identical atomization conditions, an extensive study of the effect of the particle formation process (spray drying or spray freeze-drying) on powder properties, aerosol performance, and protein stability was performed. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to understand the relationship between powder properties, device dispersion mechanism, and aerosol performance. Spray drying and spray freeze-drying, despite the same spraying conditions, produced powders with vastly different physical characteristics, though similar aerosol performance. The resulting regression model points to the significance of particle size, density, and surface properties on the resulting aerosol performance, with these factors weighing differently according to the device dispersion mechanism utilized (shear-based or impaction-based). The physical properties of the produced spray dried and spray freeze-dried powders have differing implications for long-term stability, which will be explored extensively in a future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlee D Brunaugh
- College of Pharmacy , The University of Texas at Austin , 2409 West University Avenue, PHR 4.214 , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Tian Wu
- Amgen , One Amgen Center Drive , Thousand Oaks , California 91320 , United States
| | - Sekhar R Kanapuram
- Amgen , One Amgen Center Drive , Thousand Oaks , California 91320 , United States
| | - Hugh D C Smyth
- College of Pharmacy , The University of Texas at Austin , 2409 West University Avenue, PHR 4.214 , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
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232
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Beugeling M, De Zee J, Woerdenbag HJ, Frijlink HW, Wilschut JC, Hinrichs WLJ. Respiratory syncytial virus subunit vaccines based on the viral envelope glycoproteins intended for pregnant women and the elderly. Expert Rev Vaccines 2019; 18:935-950. [PMID: 31446807 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2019.1657013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes high morbidity and mortality rates among infants, young children, and the elderly worldwide. Unfortunately, a safe and effective vaccine is still unavailable. In 1966, a formalin-inactivated RSV vaccine failed and resulted in the death of two young children. This failure shifted research toward the development of subunit-based vaccines for pregnant women (to passively vaccinate infants) and the elderly. Among these subunit-based vaccines, the viral envelope glycoproteins show great potential as antigens. Areas covered: In this review, progress in the development of safe and effective subunit RSV vaccines based on the viral envelope glycoproteins and intended for pregnant women and the elderly, are reviewed and discussed. Studies published in the period 2012-2018 were included. Expert opinion: Researchers are close to bringing safe and effective subunit-based RSV vaccines to the market using the viral envelope glycoproteins as antigens. However, it remains a major challenge to elicit protective immunity, with a formulation that has sufficient (storage) stability. These issues may be overcome by using the RSV fusion protein in its pre-fusion conformation, and by formulating this protein as a dry powder. It may further be convenient to administer this powder via the pulmonary route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Beugeling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Jildou De Zee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Herman J Woerdenbag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Henderik W Frijlink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Jan C Wilschut
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Wouter L J Hinrichs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
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233
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Gareb B, Posthumus S, Beugeling M, Koopmans P, Touw DJ, Dijkstra G, Kosterink JGW, Frijlink HW. Towards the Oral Treatment of Ileo-Colonic Inflammatory Bowel Disease with Infliximab Tablets: Development and Validation of the Production Process. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11090428. [PMID: 31450748 PMCID: PMC6781063 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11090428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infliximab (IFX) is an intravenously administered monoclonal antibody antagonizing the effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) systemically and is efficacious in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, studies suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects result from local immunomodulation in the inflamed regions. Furthermore, topical inhibition of TNF in IBD ameliorates inflammation. We therefore hypothesized that orally administered IFX targeted to the ileo-colonic region in IBD may be an efficacious new treatment option. This study describes the development and validation of the production process of ileo-colonic-targeted 5 mg IFX tablets (ColoPulse-IFX) intended for the oral treatment of IBD by means of producing three consecutive validation batches (VAL1, VAL2, and VAL3, respectively). UV-VIS spectroscopy, HPLC-SEC analysis (content, fragments, aggregates), fluorescence spectroscopy (tertiary protein structure), and ELISA (potency) showed no noticeable deviations of IFX compounded to ColoPulse-IFX compared to fresh IFX stock. The average ± SD (n = 10) IFX content of VAL1, VAL2, and VAL3 was 96 ± 2%, 97 ± 3%, and 96 ± 2%, respectively, and complied with the European Pharmacopeia (Ph. Eur.) requirements for Content Uniformity. The average ± SD (n = 3) ColoPulse-IFX potency was 105 ± 4%, 96 ± 4%, and 97 ± 5%, respectively, compared to fresh IFX stock. The IFX release profile from the tablet core was complete (≥85%) after 10 min in simulated ileum medium. The in vitro coating performance of ColoPulse-IFX showed that the formulation was targeted to the simulated ileo-colonic region. Stability data showed that ColoPulse-IFX was stable for up to 6 months stored at 25 °C/60% RH. Based on these results, the production process can be considered validated and its application is discussed in light of the rationale and available evidence for the topical treatment of IBD with IFX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahez Gareb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Silke Posthumus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Max Beugeling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pauline Koopmans
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daan J Touw
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Dijkstra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos G W Kosterink
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of PharmacoTherapy, -Epidemiology and -Economics, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henderik W Frijlink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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234
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Faieta M, Corradini MG, Di Michele A, Ludescher RD, Pittia P. Effect of Encapsulation Process on Technological Functionality and Stability of Spirulina Platensis Extract. FOOD BIOPHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11483-019-09602-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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235
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Oeffinger BE, Vaidya P, Ayaz I, Shraim R, Eisenbrey JR, Wheatley MA. Preserving the Integrity of Surfactant-Stabilized Microbubble Membranes for Localized Oxygen Delivery. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:10068-10078. [PMID: 30827115 PMCID: PMC7041305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound contrast agents consist of stabilized microbubbles. We are developing a surfactant-stabilized microbubble platform with a shell composed of Span 60 (Sorbitan monostearate) and an emulsifying agent, water-soluble vitamin E (α-tocopheryl poly(ethylene glycol) succinate, abbreviated as TPGS), named SE61. The microbubbles act both as an imaging agent and a vehicle for delivering oxygen to hypoxic areas in tumors. For clinical use, it is important that a platform be stable under storage at room temperature. To accomplish this, a majority of biologicals are prepared as freeze-dried powders, which also eliminates the necessity of a cold chain. The interfaces among the surfactants, gas, and liquids are subject to disruption in both the freezing and drying phases. Using thermocouples to monitor temperature profiles, differential scanning calorimetry to determine the phase transitions, and acoustic properties to gauge the degree of microbubble disruption, the effects of the freezing rate and the addition of different concentrations of lyoprotectants were determined. Slower cooling rates achieved by freezing the samples in a -20 °C bath were found to be reproducible and produce contrast agents with acceptable acoustical properties. The ionic strength of the solutions and the concentration of the lyoprotectant determined the glass-transition temperature (Tg') of the frozen sample, which determines at what temperature samples can be dried without collapse. Crucially, we found that the shelf stability of surfactant-shelled oxygen microbubbles can be enhanced by increasing the lyoprotectant (glucose) concentration from 1.8 to 5.0% (w/v), which prevents the melt temperature (Tm) of the TPGS phase from rising above room temperature. The increase in glucose concentration results in a lowering of Tm of the emulsifying agent, preventing a phase change in the liquid-crystalline phase and allowing for more stable bubbles. We believe that preventing this phase change is necessary to producing stabilized freeze-dried microbubbles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian E. Oeffinger
- School of Biomedical Engineering Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Purva Vaidya
- School of Biomedical Engineering Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Iman Ayaz
- School of Biomedical Engineering Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Rawan Shraim
- School of Biomedical Engineering Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - John R. Eisenbrey
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, United States
| | - Margaret A. Wheatley
- School of Biomedical Engineering Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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236
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Madadlou A, Saint-Jalmes A, Guyomarc'h F, Floury J, Dupont D. Development of an aqueous two-phase emulsion using hydrophobized whey proteins and erythritol. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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237
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Abraham A, Elkassabany O, Krause ME, Ott A. A nondestructive and noninvasive method to determine water content in lyophilized proteins using low-field time-domain NMR. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2019; 57:873-877. [PMID: 30861192 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Determining the moisture content in lyophilized solids is a fundamental step towards predicting the quality and stability of lyophilized products, but conventional methods are time-consuming, invasive, and destructive. High levels of residual moisture in a lyophilized product can lead to cake collapse, product degradation, and reduced shelf life. The aim of this study was to develop a fast, noninvasive, nondestructive, and inexpensive method for determining the moisture content in a lyophilized monoclonal antibody (mAb) formulation using benchtop low-field time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuji Abraham
- Drug Product Science and Technology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Omar Elkassabany
- Drug Product Science and Technology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Mary E Krause
- Drug Product Science and Technology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Andrew Ott
- Drug Product Science and Technology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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238
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Marquard AN, Carlson JCT, Weissleder R. Glass Chemistry to Analyze Human Cells under Adverse Conditions. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:11515-11521. [PMID: 31460257 PMCID: PMC6682085 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Emerging point-of-care diagnostic tests capable of analyzing whole mammalian cells often rely on the attachment of harvested cells to glass surfaces for subsequent molecular characterization. We set out to develop and optimize a kit for the diagnosis of lymphoma in low- and middle-income countries where access to advanced healthcare testing is often absent or prone to error. Here, we optimized a process for the lyophilization of neutravidin-coated glass and cocktails of antibodies relevant to lymphoma diagnosis to establish long-term stability of reagents required for point-of-care cell capture technology. Lyophilized glass slides showed no decline in their performance compared to freshly prepared neutravidin glass and preserved capture efficiency for 5 weeks under easily attainable storage conditions. We demonstrate the successful performance of the low-cost, lyophilized kit in a cell capture assay to enable true point-of-care analyses under adverse conditions. We anticipate that the strategy can be expanded to other cancer cell types or cell-derived vesicle analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela N. Marquard
- Center for Systems
Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 5206, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Jonathan C. T. Carlson
- Center for Systems
Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 5206, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- MGH Cancer
Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- E-mail: (J.C.T.C.)
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems
Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 5206, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard
Medical School, 200
Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- E-mail: (R.W.)
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239
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The Presence of Polysaccharides, Glycerol, and Polyethyleneimine in Hydrogel Enhances the Performance of the Glucose Biosensor. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2019; 9:bios9030095. [PMID: 31366026 PMCID: PMC6784354 DOI: 10.3390/bios9030095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of amperometric biosensors has attracted particular attention in recent years, both from researchers and from companies, as they have proven to be low-cost, reliable, and very sensitive devices, with a wide range of uses in different matrices. The continuous development of amperometric biosensors, since their use involves an enzyme, is specifically aimed at keeping and increasing the catalytic properties of the loaded protein, so as to be able to use the same device over time. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of glycerol and polysaccharides, in the presence of polycationic substances to constitute a hydrogel, in enhancing the enzymatic and analytic performance of a glucose biosensor. Initially, it was possible to verify how the deposition of the starch-based hydrogel, in addition to allowing the electropolymerization of the poly(p-phenylenediamine) polymer and the maintenance of its ability to shield the ascorbic acid, did not substantially limit the permeability towards hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, different biosensor designs, loading a mixture containing all the components (alone or in combination) and the enzyme, were tested in order to evaluate the changes of the apparent enzyme kinetic parameters, such as VMAX and KM, and analytical response in terms of Linear Region Slope, highlighting how the presence of all components (starch, glycerol, and polyethyleneimine) were able to substantially enhance the performance of the biosensors. The surface analysis of the biosensors was performed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). More, it was shown that the same performances were kept unchanged for seven days, proving the suitability of this biosensor design for short- and mid-term use.
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240
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Wang W, Ohtake S. Science and art of protein formulation development. Int J Pharm 2019; 568:118505. [PMID: 31306712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein pharmaceuticals have become a significant class of marketed drug products and are expected to grow steadily over the next decade. Development of a commercial protein product is, however, a rather complex process. A critical step in this process is formulation development, enabling the final product configuration. A number of challenges still exist in the formulation development process. This review is intended to discuss these challenges, to illustrate the basic formulation development processes, and to compare the options and strategies in practical formulation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Biological Development, Bayer USA, LLC, 800 Dwight Way, Berkeley, CA 94710, United States.
| | - Satoshi Ohtake
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Pfizer Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chesterfield, MO 63017, United States
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241
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Observation of high-temperature macromolecular confinement in lyophilised protein formulations using terahertz spectroscopy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS-X 2019; 1:100022. [PMID: 31517287 PMCID: PMC6733290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2019.100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Structural dynamics in lyophilised protein formulations can be probed with terahertz spectroscopy and two glass transition processes, Tg,α and Tg,β, are observed. Vibrational confinement upon thermal activation is observed resulting in no detectable changes in secondary structure but strongly reduced the molecular mobility at temperatures above Tg,α. The confinement was found to be strongly dependent on the formulation. We hypothesise that confinement is linked to conformational states with potential effects on physical and chemical stability of the biomolecule during storage.
Characterising the structural dynamics of proteins and the effects of excipients are critical for optimising the design of formulations. In this work we investigated four lyophilised formulations containing bovine serum albumin (BSA) and three formulations containing a monoclonal antibody (mAb, here mAb1), and explored the role of the excipients polysorbate 80, sucrose, trehalose, and arginine on stabilising proteins. By performing temperature variable terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) experiments it is possible to study the vibrational dynamics of these formulations. The THz-TDS measurements reveal two distinct glass transition processes in all tested formulations. The lower temperature transition, Tg,β, is associated with the onset of local motion due to the secondary relaxation whilst the higher temperature transition, Tg,α, marks the onset of the α-relaxation. For some of the formulations, containing globular BSA as well as mAb1, the absorption at terahertz frequencies does not increase further at temperatures above Tg,α. Such behaviour is in contrast to our previous observations for small organic molecules as well as linear polymers where absorption is always observed to steadily increase with temperature due to the stronger absorption of terahertz radiation by more mobile dipoles. The absence of such further increase in absorption with higher temperatures therefore suggests a localised confinement of the protein/excipient matrix at high temperatures that hinders any further increase in mobility. We found that subtle changes in excipient composition had an effect on the transition temperatures Tg,α and Tg,β as well as the vibrational confinement in the solid state. Further work is required to establish the potential significance of the vibrational confinement in the solid state on formulation stability and chemical degradation as well as what role the excipients play in achieving such confinement.
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242
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Kammari R, Topp EM. Solid-State Hydrogen–Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry (ssHDX-MS) of Lyophilized Poly-d,l-Alanine. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:2935-2946. [PMID: 31244225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajashekar Kammari
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Elizabeth M. Topp
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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243
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Meng-Lund H, Holm TP, Poso A, Jorgensen L, Rantanen J, Grohganz H. Exploring the chemical space for freeze-drying excipients. Int J Pharm 2019; 566:254-263. [PMID: 31145963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Commonly, a limited number of generally accepted bulking agents and lyoprotectants are used for freeze-drying; predominantly mannitol, glycine, sucrose and trehalose. The purpose of this study was to combine a theoretical approach using molecular descriptors with a large scale experimental screening to evaluate the suitability of a broad range of excipients for freeze-drying. A large selection of sugars, polyols and amino acids was characterized by modulated differential scanning calorimetry (mDSC) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) after well-plate based freeze-drying. The calculated molecular descriptors were investigated with both hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis. A clear clustering of the excipients according to the size-related and weight-related descriptors was observed; however other relevant descriptors could also be identified. From a practical perspective, a trend was observed with regard to a higher likelihood for amorphisation and a higher glass transition temperature of the maximally freeze-concentrated solution with increasing molecular size. A translation of the molecular descriptors on pharmaceutical performance was more successful for lyoprotectants than for bulking agents. Additionally, in the course of the experimental screening, several new potential bulking agents and lyoprotectants were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Meng-Lund
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tobias Palle Holm
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Antti Poso
- University of Eastern Finland, School of Pharmacy, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; University Hospital Tübingen, Department of Internal Medicine VIII, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lene Jorgensen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jukka Rantanen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Holger Grohganz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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244
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Piszkiewicz S, Gunn KH, Warmuth O, Propst A, Mehta A, Nguyen KH, Kuhlman E, Guseman AJ, Stadmiller SS, Boothby TC, Neher SB, Pielak GJ. Protecting activity of desiccated enzymes. Protein Sci 2019; 28:941-951. [PMID: 30868674 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Protein-based biological drugs and many industrial enzymes are unstable, making them prohibitively expensive. Some can be stabilized by formulation with excipients, but most still require low temperature storage. In search of new, more robust excipients, we turned to the tardigrade, a microscopic animal that synthesizes cytosolic abundant heat soluble (CAHS) proteins to protect its cellular components during desiccation. We find that CAHS proteins protect the test enzymes lactate dehydrogenase and lipoprotein lipase against desiccation-, freezing-, and lyophilization-induced deactivation. Our data also show that a variety of globular and disordered protein controls, with no known link to desiccation tolerance, protect our test enzymes. Protection of lactate dehydrogenase correlates, albeit imperfectly, with the charge density of the protein additive, suggesting an approach to tune protection by modifying charge. Our results support the potential use of CAHS proteins as stabilizing excipients in formulations and suggest that other proteins may have similar potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Piszkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599
| | - Kathryn H Gunn
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599
| | - Owen Warmuth
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599
| | - Ashlee Propst
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599
| | - Aakash Mehta
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599
| | - Kenny H Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599
| | - Elizabeth Kuhlman
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599
| | - Alex J Guseman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599
| | - Samantha S Stadmiller
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599
| | - Thomas C Boothby
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599
| | - Saskia B Neher
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599
| | - Gary J Pielak
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599.,Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599
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245
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Mukherjee M, Mondal J, Karmakar S. Role of α and β relaxations in collapsing dynamics of a polymer chain in supercooled glass-forming liquid. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:114503. [PMID: 30901993 DOI: 10.1063/1.5085077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the effect of glassy dynamics on the stability of bio-macromolecules and investigating the underlying relaxation processes governing degradation processes of these macromolecules are of immense importance in the context of bio-preservation. In this work, we have studied the stability of a model polymer chain in a supercooled glass-forming liquid at different amounts of supercooling in order to understand how dynamics of supercooled liquids influence the collapse behavior of the polymer. Our systematic computer simulation studies find that, apart from long time relaxation processes (α relaxation), short time dynamics of the supercooled liquid, known as β relaxation, is also correlated with the stability of the model polymer. We also show that anti-plasticizing effect found in this context can be rationalized using the β-relaxation process and how it is modified due to changes in the specific interactions between the biomolecules and the solvent molecules or changes in the local packing around the biomolecules. Our results corroborate with other recent results which suggest that it is important to take in to account both the α and β relaxation times while choosing appropriate bio-preservatives. We believe that our results will have implications in understanding the primary factors in protein stabilization in the context of bio-preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinmoy Mukherjee
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 36/P, Gopanpally Village, Serilingampally Mandal, RR District, Hyderabad 500019, India
| | - Jagannath Mondal
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 36/P, Gopanpally Village, Serilingampally Mandal, RR District, Hyderabad 500019, India
| | - Smarajit Karmakar
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 36/P, Gopanpally Village, Serilingampally Mandal, RR District, Hyderabad 500019, India
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246
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Ly A, Carrigy NB, Wang H, Harrison M, Sauvageau D, Martin AR, Vehring R, Finlay WH. Atmospheric Spray Freeze Drying of Sugar Solution With Phage D29. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:488. [PMID: 30949139 PMCID: PMC6436606 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic bacteriophages offer a potential alternative approach in the treatment of drug resistant bacteria. In the present study, we examine the ability of atmospheric spray freeze-drying (ASFD) to process bacteriophage D29 into a solid dry formulation. Bacteriophage D29 is of particular interest due to its ability to infect Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A sugar solution containing bacteriophage D29 was sprayed and instantly frozen in a cold chamber. Cold drying gas was then passed through the chamber at a high flow rate and atmospheric pressure. Convective transport combined with the low temperature of the drying gas results in sublimation of ice, yielding a free-flowing, porous powder. The bacteriophages were atmospheric spray freeze-dried in solutions with varying concentrations of trehalose and mannitol. A solution of trehalose and mannitol at a mass ratio of 7:3 and a total mass concentration of 100 mg/mL led to powder with 4.9 ± 0.1% moisture content and an acceptable titer reduction of ∼0.6 logs. In comparison, a pure trehalose solution and a 1:1 ratio of trehalose and mannitol both had titer reductions of >1.5 logs. Spectroscopic analysis showed that trehalose in the powder was amorphous while mannitol completely crystallized during the drying process, both of which are desirable for preserving phage viability and storage in powders. The results highlight the potential for using ASFD as an alternative process in preserving biopharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Ly
- Department of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Hui Wang
- Department of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Melissa Harrison
- Department of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Dominic Sauvageau
- Department of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Andrew R Martin
- Department of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Reinhard Vehring
- Department of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Warren H Finlay
- Department of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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247
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Xing H, Yaylayan V. Mechanochemically Induced Controlled Glycation of Lysozyme and Its Effect on Enzymatic Activity and Conformational Changes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:3249-3255. [PMID: 30811194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Protein glycation through heating of a mixture of protein and reducing sugars is one of the most commonly used methods of protein modification; however, in most cases, this approach can lead to uncontrolled glycation. The hypothesis that mechanical energy supplied through ball milling can induce glycation of proteins was tested using a well-characterized enzyme lysozyme. The Q-TOF/MS analysis of the milled samples has indicated that the milling of sugar-protein mixtures in stainless steel jars for 30 min and at a frequency of 30 Hz generated mainly monoglycated proteins even with the highly reactive ribose. Increasing the sugar concentration or the milling time did not influence the overall yield or generate more glycoforms. Enzymatic activity measurements, FTIR, and fluorescence spectroscopic studies have indicated that milling of lysozyme alone leads to a significant loss in enzymatic activity and structural integrity in contrast to milling in the presence of sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Xing
- Department of Food Science & Agricultural Chemistry , McGill University , 21111 Lakeshore , Ste Anne de Bellevue , Quebec Canada , H9X 3 V9
| | - Varoujan Yaylayan
- Department of Food Science & Agricultural Chemistry , McGill University , 21111 Lakeshore , Ste Anne de Bellevue , Quebec Canada , H9X 3 V9
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248
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Focaroli S, Mah PT, Hastedt JE, Gitlin I, Oscarson S, Fahy JV, Healy AM. A Design of Experiment (DoE) approach to optimise spray drying process conditions for the production of trehalose/leucine formulations with application in pulmonary delivery. Int J Pharm 2019; 562:228-240. [PMID: 30849470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluates the effect of L-leucine concentration and operating parameters of a laboratory spray dryer on characteristics of trehalose dry powders, with the goal of optimizing production of these powders for inhaled drug delivery. Trehalose/L-leucine mixtures were spray dried from aqueous solution using a laboratory spray dryer. A factorial design of experiment (DoE) was undertaken and process parameters adjusted were: inlet temperature, gas flow rate, feed solution flow rate (pump setting), aspiration setting and L-leucine concentration. Resulting powders were characterised in terms of particle size, yield, residual moisture content, and glass transition temperature. Particle size was mainly influenced by gas flow rate, whereas product yield and residual moisture content were found to be primarily affected by inlet temperature and spray solution feed rate respectively. Interactions between a number of different process parameters were elucidated, as were relationships between different responses. The leucine mass ratio influenced the physical stability of powders against environmental humidity, and a high leucine concentration (30% w/w) protected amorphous trehalose from moisture induced crystallization. High weight ratio of leucine in the formulation, however, negatively impacted the aerosol performance. Thus, in terms of L-leucine inclusion in a formulation designed for pulmonary delivery, a balance needs to be found between physical stability and deposition characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Focaroli
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Insitute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - P T Mah
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Insitute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - J E Hastedt
- JDP Pharma Consulting, LLC, PO Box 1127, San Carlos, CA, United States
| | - I Gitlin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Health Sciences East, UCSF, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - S Oscarson
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - J V Fahy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Health Sciences East, UCSF, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - A M Healy
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Insitute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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249
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Toniolo SP, Afkhami S, Mahmood A, Fradin C, Lichty BD, Miller MS, Xing Z, Cranston ED, Thompson MR. Excipient selection for thermally stable enveloped and non-enveloped viral vaccine platforms in dry powders. Int J Pharm 2019; 561:66-73. [PMID: 30825554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Two enveloped viral vectors, vesicular stomatitis virus and influenza virus, and a non-enveloped viral vector, human adenovirus type 5, were encapsulated by spray drying to enhance thermal stability.Results with these candidates led to the hypothesis that stability performance of chosen excipients may be less virus-specific, as previously postulated in the literature, and more differentiated based on whether the virus has a lipid envelope. Spray dried samples were characterized for their thermal properties, RNA viability and in vitro viral activity after storage at 37 °C for up to 30 days or at 45 °C for up to 3 days. The enveloped viral vectors, as a group, were more thermally stable in trehalose while the non-enveloped viral vector showed higher activity with mannitol as the primary excipient in blends. Trehalose shows strong hydrogen bonds with the envelope's lipid membrane than the other carbohydrates, more effectively replacing water molecules while maintaining the fluidity of the membrane. Conversely, the small size of mannitol molecules was attributed to the more effective hydrogen bonding between water and the protein capsid of non-enveloped viral vectors. In all cases, a matrix with high glass transition temperature contributed to thermal stabilization through vitrification. This work suggests that carbohydrate stabilizer selection may be more dependent on the envelope rather than the specific viral vector, which, if universally true, will provide a guideline for future formulation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Toniolo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sam Afkhami
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre and Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ahmad Mahmood
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cécile Fradin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian D Lichty
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre and Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew S Miller
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, and Department of Biochemistry & Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhou Xing
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre and Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily D Cranston
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Michael R Thompson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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250
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Phase separation, antiplasticization and moisture sorption in ternary systems containing polysaccharides and polyols. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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