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Qian J, Chen X, Chen X, Sun C, Jiang Y, Qian Y, Zhang Y, Khan Z, Zhou J, Liang G, Zheng C. Kaempferol reduces K63-linked polyubiquitination to inhibit nuclear factor-κB and inflammatory responses in acute lung injury in mice. Toxicol Lett 2019; 306:53-60. [PMID: 30769083 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and its severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), pose a major clinical challenge. The major driving force in this syndrome is pulmonary inflammation. Recent studies have shown that the naturally occurring flavonoid kaempferol (KPF) reduces endotoxin-induced inflammatory responses in mice. However, the mechanisms of these anti-inflammatory activities are not currently known. Here, we show that enhanced inflammatory cytokine production in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is due to increased TGF-β-activated kinase-1 (TAK1) phosphorylation with subsequent activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). KPF attenuates LPS-mediated production of cytokines as well as activation of NF-κB. Furthermore, we identified that KPF prevents increased K63-linked polyubiquitination on TNF receptor associated factor-6 (TRAF6) and interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1). K63-linked polyubiquitination is a signal leading to enhanced activation of downstream pathways including TAK1. Our study shows that KPF is effective in reducing lung damage induced by LPS by modulating TRAF6 polyubiquitination. Furthermore, our findings may provide novel molecular targets to alleviate acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchang Qian
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Third People's Hospital of Wuxi, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214000, China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Chuchu Sun
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Yuchen Jiang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qian
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Zia Khan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, N6A5C1, Canada
| | - Jianmin Zhou
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
| | - Chao Zheng
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
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202
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Chen X, Wang C, Liao K, Zhou S, Cao L, Chen J, Xu C, Lin Y. USP17 Suppresses Tumorigenesis and Tumor Growth through Deubiquitinating AEP. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:738-748. [PMID: 30906206 PMCID: PMC6429017 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.30106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific protease 17 (USP17), a novel member of deubiquitinase, is reported to play essential roles in several solid tumors. However, the expression and function of USP17 in breast cancer tumorigenesis remains ambiguity. Here we found that the mRNA level of USP17 was lower in breast cancer tissues than normal tissues. Meanwhile, higher USP17 level was detected in normal epithelial cell MCF-10A and a less-malignant cell MCF-7 than malignant cell line MDA-MB-231. Inhibition of USP17 in MCF7 cells enhanced tumorigenesis and tumor growth while overexpression of USP17 in malignant MDA-MB-231 cells reduced its tumorigenesis and growth ability in vitro and in vivo. Further study revealed that USP17 interacted with and deubiquitinated Asparaginyl endopeptidase (AEP), resulting in decreased protein levels of AEP. Moreover, knockdown of AEP inhibited breast cancer tumorigenesis and growth in vitro and in vivo through the inactivation of ERK signaling. Taken together, our works indicate that USP17 deubiquitinates AEP, down-regulates its protein level, and inhibits breast cancer tumorigenesis through disturbing ERK signaling. Thus, our data suggests that USP17 is a potential tumor suppressor in breast cancer and AEP is a promising target in breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- CAS key laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Keman Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao-tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Sunhai Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao-tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Lu Cao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao-tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao-tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao-tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yingying Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao-tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
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203
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Post-translational modification of the death receptor complex as a potential therapeutic target in cancer. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 42:76-87. [PMID: 30610617 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-018-01107-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Programmed cell death is critical to the physiological function of multi-cellular organisms, controlling development, immunity, inflammation, and cancer progression. Death receptor (DR)-mediated regulation of a protease functions as a second messenger to initiate a death signal cascade to induce apoptosis or necroptosis. Recently, it has become clear that post-translational modifications (PTMs) of signaling components in the DR complex are highly complex, temporally controlled, and tightly regulated, and play an important role in cell death signaling. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms and pathophysiological consequences of PTMs on the formation of the DR signaling complex, especially with respect to tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1). Furthermore, characterization of the role of PTMs in spatially different TNFR1 complexes (complexes I and II), especially with respect to the role of ubiquitination and phosphorylation of receptor interacting protein 1 (RIP1) in programmed cell death in cancer cells, will be reviewed. By integrating recently gained insight of the functional importance of PTMs in complex I or II, this review discusses how the concerted action of PTMs results in life or death upon DR ligation. Finally, the emerging concept of a sequential cell death checkpoint by the PTMs of RIP1, which may reveal novel therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of some cancers, will be discussed.
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204
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Regulation of Plant Immunity by the Proteasome. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 343:37-63. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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205
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Ding YH, Song YD, Wu YX, He HQ, Yu TH, Hu YD, Zhang DP, Jiang HC, Yu KK, Li XZ, Sun L, Qian F. Isoalantolactone suppresses LPS-induced inflammation by inhibiting TRAF6 ubiquitination and alleviates acute lung injury. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:64-74. [PMID: 30013035 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0061-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoalantolactone (IAL) is a sesquiterpene lactone extracted from roots of Inula helenium L and has shown anti-inflammatory effects. In this study we investigated the therapeutic effects of IAL on acute lung injury (ALI) and elucidated the mechanisms underlying its anti-inflammation potential in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100 ng/mL) drastically stimulated production of inflammatory mediators such as NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), which was dose-dependently suppressed by pretreatment with IAL (2.5, 5, 10, 20 μM). We further revealed that IAL suppressed LPS-induced NF-κB, ERK, and Akt activation. Moreover, the downregulation of non-degradable K63-linked polyubiquitination of TRAF6, an upstream transcription factor of NF-κB, contributed to the anti-inflammatory effects of IAL. ALI was induced in mice by intratracheal injection of LPS (5 mg/kg). Administration of IAL (20 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly suppressed pulmonary pathological changes, neutrophil infiltration, pulmonary permeability, and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Our results demonstrate that IAL is a potential therapeutic reagent against inflammation and ALI.
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206
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Mulero MC, Huxford T, Ghosh G. NF-κB, IκB, and IKK: Integral Components of Immune System Signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1172:207-226. [PMID: 31628658 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9367-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The NF-κB (Nuclear Factor kappa B) transcription factor plays crucial roles in the regulation of numerous biological processes including development of the immune system, inflammation, and innate and adaptive immune responses. Control over the immune cell functions of NF-κB results from signaling through one of two different routes: the canonical and noncanonical NF-κB signaling pathways. Present at the end of both pathways are the proteins NF-κB, IκB, and the IκB kinase (IKK). These proteins work together to deliver the myriad outcomes that influence context-dependent transcriptional control in immune cells. In the present chapter, we review the structural information available on NF-κB, IκB, and IKK, the critical terminal components of the NF-κB signaling, in relation to their physiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmen Mulero
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Tom Huxford
- Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Gourisankar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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207
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Hu K, Li Y, Wu W, Chen H, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Guo Y, Dong Y. High-performance gene expression and knockout tools using sleeping beauty transposon system. Mob DNA 2018; 9:33. [PMID: 30534207 PMCID: PMC6260868 DOI: 10.1186/s13100-018-0139-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Similar to retro-/lenti- virus system, DNA transposons are useful tools for stable expression of exogenous genes in mammalian cells. Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon has adopted for integrating genes into host genomes in recent studies. However, SB-derived vector system for proteins purifying/tracking and gene knockout are still not available. Results In this study, we generated a series of vectors (termed as pSB vectors) containing Sleeping Beauty IRDR-L/R that can be transposed by SB transposase. Gateway cassette was combined to the pSB vectors to facilitate the cloning. Vectors with various tags, Flag, Myc, HA, V5 and SFB, were generated for multiple options. Moreover, we incorporated the CRISPR-Cas9 cassette into the pSB plasmids for gene knockout. Indeed, using one of these vectors (pSB-SFB-GFP), we performed Tandem Affinity Purification and identified that NFATc1 is a novel binding partner of FBW7. We also knocked out RCC2 and BRD7 using pSB-CRISPR vector respectively, and revealed the novel roles of these two proteins in mitosis. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that the pSB series vectors are convenient and powerful tools for gene overexpression and knockout in mammalian cells, providing a new alternative approach for molecular cell biology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaishun Hu
- 1Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Yu Li
- 1Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Wenjing Wu
- 1Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120 China.,2Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Hengxing Chen
- 1Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Zhen Chen
- 1Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Yin Zhang
- 1Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Yabin Guo
- 1Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Yin Dong
- 1Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
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208
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Dynamic recognition and linkage specificity in K63 di-ubiquitin and TAB2 NZF domain complex. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16478. [PMID: 30405169 PMCID: PMC6220233 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34605-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly-ubiquitin (poly-Ub) is involved in various cellular processes through the linkage-specific recognition of Ub-binding domains (UBD). In this study, using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation together with an enhanced sampling method, we demonstrated that K63-linked di-Ub recognizes the NZF domain of TAB2, a zinc finger UBD, in an ensemble of highly dynamic structures that form from the weak interactions between UBD and the flexible linker connecting the two Ubs. However, the K63 di-Ub/TAB2 NZF complex showed a much more compact and stable ensemble than the non-native complexes, linear di-Ub/TAB2 NZF and K33 di-Ub/TAB2 NZF, that were modeled from linear di-Ub/HOIL-1L NZF and K33 di-Ub/TRABID NZF1, respectively. We further demonstrated the importance of the length and position of the Ub-Ub linker in the results of MD simulations of K63 di-Ub/TAB2 NZF by changing the Ub linkage from the native K63 to four different non-native linkages, linear, K6, K11, and K48, while maintaining inter-molecular contacts in the native complex. No systems with non-native linkage maintained the native binding configuration. These simulation results provide an atomistic picture of the linkage specific recognition of poly-Ubs leading to the biological functions such as cellular colocalization of various component proteins in the signal transduction pathways.
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209
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Discs large 1 controls daughter-cell polarity after cytokinesis in vertebrate morphogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E10859-E10868. [PMID: 30377270 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1713959115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate embryogenesis and organogenesis are driven by cell biological processes, ranging from mitosis and migration to changes in cell size and polarity, but their control and causal relationships are not fully defined. Here, we use the developing limb skeleton to better define the relationships between mitosis and cell polarity. We combine protein-tagging and -perturbation reagents with advanced in vivo imaging to assess the role of Discs large 1 (Dlg1), a membrane-associated scaffolding protein, in mediating the spatiotemporal relationship between cytokinesis and cell polarity. Our results reveal that Dlg1 is enriched at the midbody during cytokinesis and that its multimerization is essential for the normal polarity of daughter cells. Defects in this process alter tissue dimensions without impacting other cellular processes. Our results extend the conventional view that division orientation is established at metaphase and anaphase and suggest that multiple mechanisms act at distinct phases of the cell cycle to transmit cell polarity. The approach employed can be used in other systems, as it offers a robust means to follow and to eliminate protein function and extends the Phasor approach for studying in vivo protein interactions by frequency-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy of Förster resonance energy transfer (FLIM-FRET) to organotypic explant culture.
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210
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Gong P, Davidson GA, Gui W, Yang K, Bozza WP, Zhuang Z. Activity-based ubiquitin-protein probes reveal target protein specificity of deubiquitinating enzymes. Chem Sci 2018; 9:7859-7865. [PMID: 30429995 PMCID: PMC6194582 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01573b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is an essential eukaryotic post-translational modification that regulates various cellular processes. The removal of ubiquitin from its target protein is catalyzed by deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). Although it was proposed that many DUBs specifically interact and recognize ubiquitinated proteins as substrates, more direct evidence is needed to support this notion. Here we report protein-targeting activity-based DUB probes that allowed the identification of DUBs recognizing monoubiquitinated proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This new class of DUB probes contain a Michael acceptor as a warhead between ubiquitin and the target protein PCNA through a linkage that mimics the native isopeptide bond. We selected two known and biologically relevant ubiquitination sites on PCNA to generate the DUB probes. This allowed us to interrogate the site-specific deubiquitination of a target protein by DUBs. DUBs were profiled in yeast cell lysates using the two Ub-PCNA DUB probes in conjunction with two control probes that contain a noncleavable linkage but no warhead. We identified yeast DUBs through pulldown coupled with quantitative mass spectrometry analysis of the pulled down proteins. Our results showed that specific yeast DUBs recognize monoubiquitinated PCNA and corroborated previous genetic study. We also identified DUBs as potential new deubiquitinase of PCNA. Remarkably, identified DUBs clearly distinguish the different modification sites on PCNA, thus supporting a high level of DUB specificity beyond the target protein identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Gong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , 214A Drake Hall , Newark , DE , USA 19716 .
| | - Gregory A Davidson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , 214A Drake Hall , Newark , DE , USA 19716 .
| | - Weijun Gui
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , 214A Drake Hall , Newark , DE , USA 19716 .
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , 214A Drake Hall , Newark , DE , USA 19716 .
| | - William P Bozza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , 214A Drake Hall , Newark , DE , USA 19716 .
| | - Zhihao Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , 214A Drake Hall , Newark , DE , USA 19716 .
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211
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Synthesis and purification of linkage-specific polyubiquitin chains of distinct length for structural studies. Anal Biochem 2018; 559:1-4. [PMID: 30107157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Polyubiquitylation is one of the most versatile post-translational modifications involved in the regulation of numerous intracellular signaling processes. An assembly procedure that is simple, robust, and efficient to synthesize and purify linkage-specific polyubiquitin chains of defined length at a preparative scale is required in biophysical and structural studies. Here, we have optimized known enzymatic procedures in the form of a protocol to obtain multi-milligrams of Lys48-and Lys63-linked polyubiquitin chain types with more than 99% purity. Mass spectrometry (ESI/MS) analysis of K48- and K63-linked diubiquitin confirmed that the enzymes used in the preparation generated homogeneous linkages with no promiscuity.
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212
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E3 ligase FBXW7 aggravates TMPD-induced systemic lupus erythematosus by promoting cell apoptosis. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 15:1057-1070. [PMID: 30275535 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-018-0167-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease, and the pathogenesis of SLE has not been fully elucidated. The E3 ubiquitin ligase FBXW7 has been well characterized in cancer as a tumor suppressor that can promote the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of various oncoproteins; however, the potential role of FBXW7 in autoimmune diseases is unclear. In the present study, we identified that FBXW7 is a crucial exacerbating factor for SLE development and progression in a mouse model induced by 2, 6, 10, 14-tetramethylpentadecane (TMPD). Myeloid cell-specific FBXW7-deficient (Lysm+FBXW7f/f) C57BL/6 mice showed decreased immune complex accumulation, glomerulonephritis, glomerular mesangial cell proliferation, and base-membrane thickness in the kidney. Lysm+FBXW7f/f mice produced fewer anti-Sm/RNP and anti-ANA autoantibodies and showed a decreased MHC II expression in B cells. In Lysm+FBXW7f/f mice, we observed that cell apoptosis was reduced and that fewer CD11b+Ly6Chi inflammatory monocytes were recruited to the peritoneal cavity. Consistently, diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage (DPH) was also decreased in Lysm+FBXW7f/f mice. Mechanistically, we clarified that FBXW7 promoted TMPD-induced cell apoptosis by catalyzing MCL1 degradation through K48-linked ubiquitination. Our work revealed that FBXW7 expression in myeloid cells played a crucial role in TMPD-induced SLE progression in mice, which may provide novel ideas and theoretical support for understanding the pathogenesis of SLE.
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213
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Kim S, Zhang Y, Jin C, Lee Y, Kim Y, Han K. Emerging roles of Lys63-linked polyubiquitination in neuronal excitatory postsynapses. Arch Pharm Res 2018; 42:285-292. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-018-1081-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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214
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Erman B. A computational model for controlling conformational cooperativity and function in proteins. Proteins 2018; 86:1001-1009. [PMID: 30051502 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We present a computational model that allows for rapid prediction of correlations among a set of residue pairs when the fluctuations of another set of residues are perturbed. The simple theory presented here is based on the knowledge of the fluctuation covariance matrix only. In this sense, the theory is model independent and therefore universal. Perturbation of any set of fluctuations and the resulting response of the remaining set are calculated using conditional probabilities of a multivariate normal distribution. The model is expected to rapidly and accurately map the consequences of mutations in proteins, as well as allosteric activity and ligand binding. Knowledge of triple correlations of fluctuations of residues i, j, and k, 〈 Δ R i Δ R j Δ R k 〉 emerges as the necessary source of information for controlling residue pairs by perturbing a distant residue. Triple correlations have not received wide attention in literature. Perturbation-response-function relations for ubiquitin (UBQ) are discussed as an example. Covariance matrix for UBQ obtained from the Gaussian Network Model combined with the present computational algorithm is able to reflect the millisecond molecular dynamics correlations and observed NMR results. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Erman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Koc University; Sariyer Istanbul Turkey
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215
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Alva N, Panisello-Roselló A, Flores M, Roselló-Catafau J, Carbonell T. Ubiquitin-proteasome system and oxidative stress in liver transplantation. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:3521-3530. [PMID: 30131658 PMCID: PMC6102496 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i31.3521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A major issue in organ transplantation is the development of a protocol that can preserve organs under optimal conditions. Damage to organs is commonly a consequence of flow deprivation and oxygen starvation following the restoration of blood flow and reoxygenation. This is known as ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI): a complex multifactorial process that causes cell damage. While the oxygen deprivation due to ischemia depletes cell energy, subsequent tissue oxygenation due to reperfusion induces many cascades, from reactive oxygen species production to apoptosis initiation. Autophagy has also been identified in the pathogenesis of IRI, although such alterations and their subsequent functional significance are controversial. Moreover, proteasome activation may be a relevant pathophysiological mechanism. Different strategies have been adopted to limit IRI damage, including the supplementation of commercial preservation media with pharmacological agents or additives. In this review, we focus on novel strategies related to the ubiquitin proteasome system and oxidative stress inhibition, which have been used to minimize damage in liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Alva
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Arnau Panisello-Roselló
- Experimental Pathology Department, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Marta Flores
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Joan Roselló-Catafau
- Experimental Pathology Department, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Teresa Carbonell
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
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216
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Yan K, Ponnusamy M, Xin Y, Wang Q, Li P, Wang K. The role of K63-linked polyubiquitination in cardiac hypertrophy. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:4558-4567. [PMID: 30102008 PMCID: PMC6156430 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination, also known as ubiquitylation, is a vital post‐translational modification of proteins that play a crucial role in the multiple biological processes including cell growth, proliferation and apoptosis. K63‐linked ubiquitination is one of the vital post‐translational modifications of proteins that are involved in the activation of protein kinases and protein trafficking during cell survival and proliferation. It also contributes to the development of various disorders including cancer, neurodegeneration and cardiac hypertrophy. In this review, we summarize the role of K63‐linked ubiquitination signalling in protein kinase activation and its implications in cardiac hypertrophy. We have also provided our perspectives on therapeutically targeting K63‐linked ubiquitination in downstream effector molecules of growth factor receptors for the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaowen Yan
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Ying Xin
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peifeng Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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217
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Kells-Andrews RM, Margraf RA, Fisher CG, Falk MM. Connexin-43 K63-polyubiquitylation on lysines 264 and 303 regulates gap junction internalization. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.204321. [PMID: 30054380 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.204321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gap junctions (GJs) assembled from connexin (Cx) proteins allow direct cell-cell communication. While phosphorylation is known to regulate multiple GJ functions, much less is known about the role of ubiquitin in these processes. Using ubiquitylation-type-specific antibodies and Cx43 lysine-to-arginine mutants we show that ∼8% of a GJ, localized in central plaque domains, is K63-polyubiquitylated on K264 and K303. Levels and localization of ubiquitylation correlated well with: (1) the short turnover rate of Cxs and GJs; (2) removal of older channels from the plaque center; and (3) the fact that not all Cxs in an internalizing GJ channel need to be ubiquitylated. Connexins mutated at these two sites assembled significantly larger GJs, exhibited much longer protein half-lives and were internalization impaired. Interestingly, these ubiquitin-deficient Cx43 mutants accumulated as hyper-phosphorylated polypeptides in the plasma membrane, suggesting that K63-polyubiquitylation is triggered by phosphorylation. Phospho-specific anti-Cx43 antibodies revealed that upregulated phosphorylation affected serines 368, 279/282 and 255, which are well-known regulatory PKC and MAPK sites. Together, these novel findings suggest that the internalizing portion of channels in a GJ is K63-polyubiquitylated, ubiquitylation is critical for GJ internalization and that phosphorylation induces Cx K63-polyubiquitylation.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael M Kells-Andrews
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, 111 Research Drive, Iacocca Hall, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Rachel A Margraf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, 111 Research Drive, Iacocca Hall, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Charles G Fisher
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, 111 Research Drive, Iacocca Hall, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Matthias M Falk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, 111 Research Drive, Iacocca Hall, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
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218
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Zhang D, Li X, Hu Y, Jiang H, Wu Y, Ding Y, Yu K, He H, Xu J, Sun L, Qian F. Tabersonine attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury via suppressing TRAF6 ubiquitination. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 154:183-192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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219
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Liu J, Pan L. Structural bases of the assembly, recognition and disassembly of linear ubiquitin chain. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1410-1422. [PMID: 29981772 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Linear ubiquitin chain is a latest discovered type of poly-ubiquitin chain that is broadly involved in innate immune and inflammatory pathways. Dysfunctions in its assembly, recognition or disassembly are intimately related with numerous immunodeficiency or autoimmune diseases. Our understanding of the molecular mechanism for linear ubiquitin chain formation, recognition and disassembly has being significantly evolved in recent years, with particular contribution from the biochemical and structural characterizations of related proteins. Here, we focus on the relevant proteins for the synthesis, recognition and digestion of linear ubiquitin chain, and review recent findings to summarize currently known molecular mechanism from a perspective of structural biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifeng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.
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220
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Liang LJ, Si Y, Tang S, Huang D, Wang ZA, Tian C, Zheng JS. Biochemical properties of K11,48-branched ubiquitin chains. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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221
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Qu Q, Pan M, Gao S, Zheng Q, Yu Y, Su J, Li X, Hu H. A Highly Efficient Synthesis of Polyubiquitin Chains. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1800234. [PMID: 30027052 PMCID: PMC6051384 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201800234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A robust, microwave-assisted, highly efficient, solid-phase peptide synthesis method for preparing isopeptide-linked 62-mer and 76-mer isoubiquitins and polyubiquitin is developed. The strategy avoids the use of costly resins and pseudoprolines, and the isopeptide-linked building blocks can be assembled with high initial purity within 1 day. All seven diubiquitins are successfully synthesized on a multi-milligram scale; a four-segment, three-ligation method is used to obtain a K33-/K11-linked mixed triubiquitin in excellent yield. Circular dichroism and crystallographic analyses are used to verify the structures of the well-folded, synthetic polyubiquitin chains. The facile synthetic strategy is expected to be generally applicable for the rapid synthesis of isopeptide-linked isoUbs and to pave the way for the study of longer polyubiquitin chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Qu
- School of PharmacySecond Military Medical University325 Guohe RoadShanghai200433China
- Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Man Pan
- Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Shuai Gao
- Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Qing‐Yun Zheng
- Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Yuan‐Yuan Yu
- Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Jia‐Can Su
- Changhai HospitalSecond Military Medical University168 Changhai RoadShanghai200433China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of PharmacySecond Military Medical University325 Guohe RoadShanghai200433China
| | - Hong‐Gang Hu
- School of PharmacySecond Military Medical University325 Guohe RoadShanghai200433China
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222
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Wade BE, Zhao J, Ma J, Hart CM, Sutliff RL. Hypoxia-induced alterations in the lung ubiquitin proteasome system during pulmonary hypertension pathogenesis. Pulm Circ 2018; 8:2045894018788267. [PMID: 29927354 PMCID: PMC6146334 DOI: 10.1177/2045894018788267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a clinical disorder characterized by sustained
increases in pulmonary vascular resistance and pressure that can lead to right
ventricular (RV) hypertrophy and ultimately RV failure and death. The molecular
pathogenesis of PH remains incompletely defined, and existing treatments are
associated with suboptimal outcomes and persistent morbidity and mortality.
Reports have suggested a role for the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) in PH,
but the extent of UPS-mediated non-proteolytic protein alterations during PH
pathogenesis has not been previously defined. To further examine UPS
alterations, the current study employed C57BL/6J mice exposed to normoxia or
hypoxia for 3 weeks. Lung protein ubiquitination was evaluated by mass
spectrometry to identify differentially ubiquitinated proteins relative to
normoxic controls. Hypoxia stimulated differential ubiquitination of 198
peptides within 131 proteins (p < 0.05). These proteins were
screened to identify candidates within pathways involved in PH pathogenesis.
Some 51.9% of the differentially ubiquitinated proteins were implicated in at
least one known pathway contributing to PH pathogenesis, and 13% were involved
in three or more PH pathways. Anxa2, App, Jak1, Lmna, Pdcd6ip, Prkch1, and Ywhah
were identified as mediators in PH pathways that undergo differential
ubiquitination during PH pathogenesis. To our knowledge, this is the first study
to report global changes in protein ubiquitination in the lung during PH
pathogenesis. These findings suggest signaling nodes that are dynamically
regulated by the UPS during PH pathogenesis. Further exploration of these
differentially ubiquitinated proteins and related pathways can provide new
insights into the role of the UPS in PH pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandy E Wade
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans' Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Jingru Zhao
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans' Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Jing Ma
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans' Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - C Michael Hart
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans' Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Roy L Sutliff
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans' Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Decatur, Georgia, USA
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223
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Tang Q, Wu P, Chen H, Li G. Pleiotropic roles of the ubiquitin-proteasome system during viral propagation. Life Sci 2018; 207:350-354. [PMID: 29913185 PMCID: PMC7094228 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Protein ubiquitination is a highly conserved post-translational modification affecting various biological processes including viral propagation. Ubiquitination has multiple effects on viral propagation, including viral genome uncoating, viral replication, and immune evasion. Ubiquitination of viral proteins is triggered by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). This involves the covalent attachment of the highly conserved 76 amino acid residue ubiquitin protein to target proteins by the consecutive actions of E1, E2 and E3 enzymes, and the 26S proteasome that together form a multiprotein complex that degrades target proteins. The UPS is the primary cytosolic proteolytic machinery for the selective degradation of various forms of proteins including viral proteins, thereby limiting viral growth in host cells. To combat this host anti-viral machinery, viruses have evolved the ability to employ or subvert the UPS to inactivate or degrade cellular proteins to favour viral propagation. This review highlights our current knowledge on the different roles of the UPS during viral propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Huiqing Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Guohui Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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224
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Yao F, Zhou Z, Kim J, Hang Q, Xiao Z, Ton BN, Chang L, Liu N, Zeng L, Wang W, Wang Y, Zhang P, Hu X, Su X, Liang H, Sun Y, Ma L. SKP2- and OTUD1-regulated non-proteolytic ubiquitination of YAP promotes YAP nuclear localization and activity. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2269. [PMID: 29891922 PMCID: PMC5995870 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04620-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of YAP localization and activity is associated with pathological conditions such as cancer. Although activation of the Hippo phosphorylation cascade is known to cause cytoplasmic retention and inactivation of YAP, emerging evidence suggests that YAP can be regulated in a Hippo-independent manner. Here, we report that YAP is subject to non-proteolytic, K63-linked polyubiquitination by the SCFSKP2 E3 ligase complex (SKP2), which is reversed by the deubiquitinase OTUD1. The non-proteolytic ubiquitination of YAP enhances its interaction with its nuclear binding partner TEAD, thereby inducing YAP's nuclear localization, transcriptional activity, and growth-promoting function. Independently of Hippo signaling, mutation of YAP's K63-linkage specific ubiquitination sites K321 and K497, depletion of SKP2, or overexpression of OTUD1 retains YAP in the cytoplasm and inhibits its activity. Conversely, overexpression of SKP2 or loss of OTUD1 leads to nuclear localization and activation of YAP. Altogether, our study sheds light on the ubiquitination-mediated, Hippo-independent regulation of YAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yao
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zhicheng Zhou
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jongchan Kim
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Qinglei Hang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zhenna Xiao
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Baochau N Ton
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Liang Chang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Liyong Zeng
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wenqi Wang
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Yumeng Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Peijing Zhang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiaohua Su
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Han Liang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yutong Sun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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225
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Preclinical evaluation of the selective small-molecule UBA1 inhibitor, TAK-243, in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2018; 33:37-51. [DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0167-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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226
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Lee YR, Chen M, Pandolfi PP. The functions and regulation of the PTEN tumour suppressor: new modes and prospects. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2018; 19:547-562. [DOI: 10.1038/s41580-018-0015-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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227
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Mansour MA. Ubiquitination: Friend and foe in cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 101:80-93. [PMID: 29864543 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic modulation and posttranslational modification of proteins are tightly controlled biological processes that occur in response to physiological cues. One such dynamic modulation is ubiquitination, which marks proteins for degradation via the proteasome, altering their localization, affecting their activity, and promoting or interfering with protein interactions. Hence, ubiquitination is crucial for a plethora of physiological processes, including cell survival, differentiation and innate and adaptive immunity. Similar to kinases, components of the ubiquitination system are often deregulated, leading to a variety of diseases, such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. In a context-dependent manner, ubiquitination can regulate both tumor-suppressing and tumor-promoting pathways in cancer. This review outlines how components of the ubiquitination systems (e.g. E3 ligases and deubiquitinases) act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors according to the nature of their substrates. Furthermore, I interrogate how the current knowledge of the differential roles of ubiquitination in cancer lead to technical advances to inhibit or reactivate the components of the ubiquitination system accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Mansour
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; The CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, Switchback Road, G61 1BD, United Kingdom; Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
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228
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Mechanism of phosphoribosyl-ubiquitination mediated by a single Legionella effector. Nature 2018; 557:729-733. [PMID: 29795346 PMCID: PMC5980775 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0147-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification that regulates many cellular processes in eukaryotes1-4. The conventional ubiquitination cascade culminates in a covalent linkage between the C terminus of ubiquitin (Ub) and a target protein, usually on a lysine side chain1,5. Recent studies of the Legionella pneumophila SidE family of effector proteins revealed a ubiquitination method in which a phosphoribosyl ubiquitin (PR-Ub) is conjugated to a serine residue on substrates via a phosphodiester bond6-8. Here we present the crystal structure of a fragment of the SidE family member SdeA that retains ubiquitination activity, and determine the mechanism of this unique post-translational modification. The structure reveals that the catalytic module contains two distinct functional units: a phosphodiesterase domain and a mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase domain. Biochemical analysis shows that the mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase domain-mediated conversion of Ub to ADP-ribosylated Ub (ADPR-Ub) and the phosphodiesterase domain-mediated ligation of PR-Ub to substrates are two independent activities of SdeA. Furthermore, we present two crystal structures of a homologous phosphodiesterase domain from the SidE family member SdeD 9 in complexes with Ub and ADPR-Ub. The structures suggest a mechanism for how SdeA processes ADPR-Ub to PR-Ub and AMP, and conjugates PR-Ub to a serine residue in substrates. Our study establishes the molecular mechanism of phosphoribosyl-linked ubiquitination and will enable future studies of this unusual type of ubiquitination in eukaryotes.
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229
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Tsuru M, Ono A, Umeyama H, Takeuchi M, Nagata K. Ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis of CXCL7 leads to posterior longitudinal ligament ossification. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196204. [PMID: 29782494 PMCID: PMC5962073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL), a spinal ligament, reduces the range of motion in limbs. No treatment is currently available for OPLL, which is why therapies are urgently needed. OPLL occurs in obesity, is more common in men, and has an onset after 40 years of age. The mechanisms underlying OPLL remain unclear. In this study, we performed a serum proteomic analysis in both OPLL patients and healthy subjects to identify factors potentially involved in the development of OPLL, and found reduced levels of a protein that might underlie the pathology of OPLL. We isolated the protein, determined its amino acid sequence, and identified it as chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 7 (CXCL7). Based on these proteomics findings, we generated a CXCL7 knockout mouse model to study the molecular mechanisms underlying OPLL. CXCL7-null mice presented with a phenotype of OPLL, showing motor impairment, heterotopic ossification in the posterior ligament tissue, and osteoporosis in vertebrate tissue. To identify the mechanisms of CXCL7 deficiency in OPLL, we searched for single nucleotide polymorphisms and altered DNA exons, but no abnormalities were found. Although miR-340 levels were found to be high in an miRNA array, they were insufficient to reduce CXCL7 levels. Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase1 (UCHL1) was found to be overexpressed in CXCL7-null mice and in the sera of patients with OPLL, and was correlated with OPLL severity. Post-translational modifications of proteins with ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like modifiers, orchestrated by a cascade of specialized ubiquitin activating enzyme (E1), ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (E2), and ubiquitin ligase (E3) enzymes, are thought to control a wide range of cellular processes, and alterations in the ubiquitin–proteasome system have been associated with several degenerative disorders. In addition, the OPLL tissue of CXCL7-null mouse and its primary cells expressed the antibody to ubiquitin (linkage-specific K48). Our data clearly show decreased CXCL7 levels in patients with OPLL, and that OPLL developed in mice lacking CXCL7. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF)6 expression was decreased in CXCL7-null mouse primary cells. Furthermore, K48 polyubiquitination was found in posterior longitudinal ligament ossified tissue and primary cells from CXCL7-null mice. We performed a phosphoproteomics analysis in CXCL7-deficient mice and identified increased phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (ME3K)15, ubiquitin protein ligase E3C (UBE3C) and protein kinase C (PKC) alpha, suggesting that ubiquitin-dependent degradation is involved in CXCL7 deficiency. Future studies in the CXCL7-null mouse model are, therefore, warranted to investigate the role of ubiquitination in the onset of OPLL. In conclusion, CXCL7 levels may be useful as a serum marker for the progression of OPLL. This study also suggests that increasing CXCL7 levels in patients can serve as an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of OPLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiyo Tsuru
- Clinical Proteomics and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Kurume University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ono
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki Memorial Hospital, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hideaki Umeyama
- Department of Biological Science, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takeuchi
- Department of Clinical Medicine (Biostatistics), Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensei Nagata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
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230
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Increased A20-E3 ubiquitin ligase interactions in bid-deficient glia attenuate TLR3- and TLR4-induced inflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:130. [PMID: 29720226 PMCID: PMC5930864 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1143-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic pro-inflammatory signaling propagates damage to neural tissue and affects the rate of disease progression. Increased activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), master regulators of the innate immune response, is implicated in the etiology of several neuropathologies including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. Previously, we identified that the Bcl-2 family protein BH3-interacting domain death agonist (Bid) potentiates the TLR4-NF-κB pro-inflammatory response in glia, and specifically characterized an interaction between Bid and TNF receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6) in microglia in response to TLR4 activation. Methods We assessed the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) inflammatory pathways in response to TLR3 and TLR4 agonists in wild-type (wt) and bid-deficient microglia and macrophages, using Western blot and qPCR, focusing on the response of the E3 ubiquitin ligases Pellino 1 (Peli1) and TRAF3 in the absence of microglial and astrocytic Bid. Additionally, by Western blot, we investigated the Bid-dependent turnover of Peli1 and TRAF3 in wt and bid−/− microglia using the proteasome inhibitor Bortezomib. Interactions between the de-ubiquitinating Smad6-A20 and the E3 ubiquitin ligases, TRAF3 and TRAF6, were determined by FLAG pull-down in TRAF6-FLAG or Smad6-FLAG overexpressing wt and bid-deficient mixed glia. Results We elucidated a positive role of Bid in both TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF)- and myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88)-dependent pathways downstream of TLR4, concurrently implicating TLR3-induced inflammation. We identified that Peli1 mRNA levels were significantly reduced in PolyI:C- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated bid-deficient microglia, suggesting disturbed IRF3 activation. Differential regulation of TRAF3 and Peli1, both essential E3 ubiquitin ligases facilitating TRIF-dependent signaling, was observed between wt and bid−/− microglia and astrocytes. bid deficiency resulted in increased A20-E3 ubiquitin ligase protein interactions in glia, specifically A20-TRAF6 and A20-TRAF3, implicating enhanced de-ubiquitination as the mechanism of action by which E3 ligase activity is perturbed. Furthermore, Smad6-facilitated recruitment of the de-ubiquitinase A20 to E3-ligases occurred in a bid-dependent manner. Conclusions This study demonstrates that Bid promotes E3 ubiquitin ligase-mediated signaling downstream of TLR3 and TLR4 and provides further evidence for the potential of Bid inhibition as a therapeutic for the attenuation of the robust pro-inflammatory response culminating in TLR activation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-018-1143-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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231
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Ye W, Ling S, Liu RY, Pan ZZ, Wang G, Gao S, Wu J, Cao L, Dong L, Li Y, Zhou Y, Du W, Meng X, Chen J, Guan X, He Y, Pan C, Zheng XS, Lu X, Chen S, Huang W. Exome sequencing reveals the genetic landscape and frequent inactivation of PCDHB3 in Chinese rectal cancers. J Pathol 2018. [PMID: 29537081 DOI: 10.1002/path.5073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide, with more than 1.3 million new cases and 690 000 deaths each year. In China, the incidence of CRC has increased dramatically due to dietary and lifestyle changes, to become the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death. Here, we performed whole-exome sequencing in 50 rectal cancer cases among the Chinese population as part of the International Cancer Genome Consortium research project. Frequently mutated genes and enriched pathways were identified. Moreover, a previously unreported gene, PCDHB3, was found frequently mutated in 5.19% cases. Additionally, PCDHB3 expression was found decreased in 81.6% of CRC tissues and all eight CRC cell lines tested. Low expression and cytoplasmic localization of PCDHB3 predict poor prognosis in advanced CRC. Copy number decrease and/or CpG island hypermethylation contributes to the pervasive decreased expression of PCDHB3. PCDHB3 inhibits CRC cell proliferation, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The tumor-suppressive effects of PCDHB3 are partially due to inhibition of NF-κB transcriptional activity through K63 deubiquitination of p50 at lysine 244/252, which increases the binding affinity of inactive p50 homodimer to κB DNA, resulting in competitive inhibition of the transcription of NF-κB target genes by p65 dimers. Our study identified PCDHB3 as a novel tumor suppressor in CRC via inhibition of the NF-κB pathway, and its expression and localization may serve as prognostic markers for advanced CRC. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Ye
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shaoping Ling
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ran-Yi Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Pan
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Gaoyuan Wang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shijuan Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jiangxue Wu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lihua Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lili Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yingchang Li
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wuying Du
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiangqi Meng
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jinna Chen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Xinyuan Guan
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Yulong He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Changchuan Pan
- Medical Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Second People's Hospital of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xf Steven Zheng
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Xuemei Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wenlin Huang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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232
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Zhang P, Xiao Z, Wang S, Zhang M, Wei Y, Hang Q, Kim J, Yao F, Rodriguez-Aguayo C, Ton BN, Lee M, Wang Y, Zhou Z, Zeng L, Hu X, Lawhon SE, Siverly AN, Su X, Li J, Xie X, Cheng X, Liu LC, Chang HW, Chiang SF, Lopez-Berestein G, Sood AK, Chen J, You MJ, Sun SC, Liang H, Huang Y, Yang X, Sun D, Sun Y, Hung MC, Ma L. ZRANB1 Is an EZH2 Deubiquitinase and a Potential Therapeutic Target in Breast Cancer. Cell Rep 2018; 23:823-837. [PMID: 29669287 PMCID: PMC5933875 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although EZH2 enzymatic inhibitors have shown antitumor effects in EZH2-mutated lymphoma and ARID1A-mutated ovarian cancer, many cancers do not respond because EZH2 can promote cancer independently of its histone methyltransferase activity. Here we identify ZRANB1 as the EZH2 deubiquitinase. ZRANB1 binds, deubiquitinates, and stabilizes EZH2. Depletion of ZRANB1 in breast cancer cells results in EZH2 destabilization and growth inhibition. Systemic delivery of ZRANB1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) leads to marked antitumor and antimetastatic effects in preclinical models of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Intriguingly, a small-molecule inhibitor of ZRANB1 destabilizes EZH2 and inhibits the viability of TNBC cells. In patients with breast cancer, ZRANB1 levels correlate with EZH2 levels and poor survival. These findings suggest the therapeutic potential for targeting the EZH2 deubiquitinase ZRANB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijing Zhang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
| | - Zhenna Xiao
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shouyu Wang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mutian Zhang
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M University Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yongkun Wei
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qinglei Hang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jongchan Kim
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fan Yao
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Baochau N Ton
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Minjung Lee
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M University Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Yumeng Wang
- Graduate Program in Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhicheng Zhou
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Liyong Zeng
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sarah E Lawhon
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ashley N Siverly
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaohua Su
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jia Li
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M University Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaoping Xie
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xuhong Cheng
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Liang-Chiu Liu
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Chang
- Department of Pathology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Chiang
- Cancer Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - M James You
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shao-Cong Sun
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Han Liang
- Graduate Program in Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yun Huang
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M University Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | | | - Deqiang Sun
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M University Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yutong Sun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Molecular Medicine and Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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233
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McHugh A, Fernandes K, South AP, Mellerio JE, Salas-Alanís JC, Proby CM, Leigh IM, Saville MK. Preclinical comparison of proteasome and ubiquitin E1 enzyme inhibitors in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: the identification of mechanisms of differential sensitivity. Oncotarget 2018; 9:20265-20281. [PMID: 29755650 PMCID: PMC5945540 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors have distinct properties and the biochemical consequences of suppressing ubiquitin E1 enzymes and the proteasome differ. We compared the effects of the proteasome inhibitors bortezomib, ixazomib and carfilzomib and the ubiquitin E1 enzyme inhibitor MLN7243/TAK-243 on cell viability and cell death in normal keratinocytes and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) cell lines. The effects of both a pulse of treatment and more extended incubation were investigated. This is relevant to directly-delivered therapy (topical treatment/intratumoral injection) where the time of exposure can be controlled and a short exposure may better reflect systemically-delivered inhibitor pharmacokinetics. These agents can selectively kill cSCC cells but there are variations in the pattern of cSCC cell line sensitivity/resistance. Variations in the responses to proteasome inhibitors are associated with differences in the specificity of the inhibitors for the three proteolytic activities of the proteasome. There is greater selectivity for killing cSCC cells compared to normal keratinocytes with a pulse of proteasome inhibitor treatment than with a more extended exposure. We provide evidence that c-MYC-dependent NOXA upregulation confers susceptibility to a short incubation with proteasome inhibitors by priming cSCC cells for rapid BAK-dependent death. We observed that bortezomib-resistant cSCC cells can be sensitive to MLN7243-induced death. Low expression of the ubiquitin E1 UBA1/UBE1 participates in conferring susceptibility to MLN7243 by increasing sensitivity to MLN7243-mediated attenuation of ubiquitination. This study supports further investigation of the potential of proteasome and ubiquitin E1 inhibition for cSCC therapy. Direct delivery of inhibitors could facilitate adequate exposure of skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela McHugh
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Kenneth Fernandes
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Andrew P South
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Jemima E Mellerio
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Julio C Salas-Alanís
- DEBRA Mexico, Azteca Guadalupe, Nuevo Leon, 67150 Mexico.,Hospital Regional "Lic. Adolfo Lopez Mateos", Colonia Florida, Del Alvaro Obregon, 01030 Ciudad de Mexico
| | - Charlotte M Proby
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Irene M Leigh
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK.,Centre for Cutaneous Research, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Mark K Saville
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
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234
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Shi WN, Cui SX, Song ZY, Wang SQ, Sun SY, Yu XF, Li Y, Zhang YH, Gao ZH, Qu XJ. Overexpression of SphK2 contributes to ATRA resistance in colon cancer through rapid degradation of cytoplasmic RXRα by K48/K63-linked polyubiquitination. Oncotarget 2018; 8:39605-39617. [PMID: 28465486 PMCID: PMC5503636 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The resistance mechanisms that limit the efficacy of retinoid therapy in cancer are poorly understood. Sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) is a highly conserved enzyme that is mainly located in the nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum. Unlike well-studied sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) located in the cytosol, little has yet understood the functions of SphK2. Here we show that SphK2 overexpression contributes to the resistance of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) therapy in colon cancer through rapid degradation of cytoplasmic retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) by lysine 48 (K48)- and lysine 63 (K63)-based polyubiquitination. Human colonic adenocarcinoma HCT-116 cells transfected with SphK2 (HCT-116Sphk2 cells) demonstrate resistance to ATRA therapy as determined by in vitro and in vivo assays. Sphk2 overexpression increases the ATRA-induced nuclear RXRα export to cytoplasm and then rapidly degrades RXRα through the polyubiquitination pathway. We further show that Sphk2 activates the ubiquitin-proteasome system through the signal mechanisms of (1) K48-linked proteosomal degradation and (2) K63-linked ubiquitin-dependent autophagic degradation. These results provide new insights into the biological functions of Sphk2 and the molecular mechanisms that underlie the Sphk2-mediated resistance to retinoid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Na Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Xiang Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Yu Song
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Qing Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Yue Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Feng Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Hang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zu-Hua Gao
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xian-Jun Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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235
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Haahr P, Borgermann N, Guo X, Typas D, Achuthankutty D, Hoffmann S, Shearer R, Sixma TK, Mailand N. ZUFSP Deubiquitylates K63-Linked Polyubiquitin Chains to Promote Genome Stability. Mol Cell 2018; 70:165-174.e6. [PMID: 29576528 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs) enhance the dynamics of the versatile ubiquitin (Ub) code by reversing and regulating cellular ubiquitylation processes at multiple levels. Here we discovered that the uncharacterized human protein ZUFSP (zinc finger with UFM1-specific peptidase domain protein/C6orf113/ZUP1), which has been annotated as a potentially inactive UFM1 protease, and its fission yeast homolog Mug105 define a previously unrecognized class of evolutionarily conserved cysteine protease DUBs. Human ZUFSP selectively interacts with and cleaves long K63-linked poly-Ub chains by means of tandem Ub-binding domains, whereas it displays poor activity toward mono- or di-Ub substrates. In cells, ZUFSP is recruited to and regulates K63-Ub conjugates at genotoxic stress sites, promoting chromosome stability upon replication stress in a manner dependent on its catalytic activity. Our findings establish ZUFSP as a new type of linkage-selective cysteine peptidase DUB with a role in genome maintenance pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Haahr
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nikoline Borgermann
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xiaohu Guo
- Division of Biochemistry, Cancer Genomics Center, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dimitris Typas
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Divya Achuthankutty
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Chromosome Stability, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Saskia Hoffmann
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert Shearer
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Titia K Sixma
- Division of Biochemistry, Cancer Genomics Center, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Niels Mailand
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Chromosome Stability, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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236
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Zhao YG, Shi BY, Qian YY, Bai HW, Xiao L, He XY. Dynamic Expression Changes between Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer and Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1778.19294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-gang Zhao
- Organ Transplantation Institute of People's Liberation Army, 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Bing-yi Shi
- Organ Transplantation Institute of People's Liberation Army, 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Ye-yong Qian
- Organ Transplantation Institute of People's Liberation Army, 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-wei Bai
- Organ Transplantation Institute of People's Liberation Army, 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Organ Transplantation Institute of People's Liberation Army, 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu-yun He
- Organ Transplantation Institute of People's Liberation Army, 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
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237
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Wang W, Fan Y, Niu X, Miao M, Kud J, Zhou B, Zeng L, Liu Y, Xiao F. Functional analysis of the seven in absentia ubiquitin ligase family in tomato. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:689-703. [PMID: 29320607 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Seven in absentia (SINA) protein is one subgroup of ubiquitin ligases possessing an N-terminal cysteine-rich really interesting new gene (RING) domain, two zinc-finger motifs, and a C-terminal domain responsible for substrate-binding and dimerization. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), the SINA gene family has six members, and we characterize in this study all tomato SINA (SlSINA) genes and the gene products. Our results show that SlSINA genes are differentially regulated in leaf, bud, stem, flower, and root. All SlSINA proteins possess RING-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, exhibiting similar specificity towards the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. SlSINA1/3/4/5/6 are localized in both cytoplasm and nucleus, whereas SlSINA2 is exclusively localized in the nucleus. Moreover, all SlSINAs can interact with each other for homo- or hetero-dimerization. The functionality of SlSINA proteins has been investigated. SlSINA4 plays a positive role in defense signalling, as manifested by elicitation of E3-dependent hypersensitive response-like cell death; the other SlSINAs are negative regulator and capable to suppress hypersensitive response cell death. Transgenic tomato plants overexpressing SlSINA2 exhibit pale-green leaf phenotype, suggesting SlSINA2 regulates chlorophyll level in plant cells, whereas transgenic tomato plants overexpressing SlSINA5 have altered floral structure with exserted stigma, implicating SlSINA5 plays a role in flower development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - Youhong Fan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - Xiangli Niu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China
| | - Min Miao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China
| | - Joanna Kud
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - Bangjun Zhou
- Plant Science Innovation Center and Plant Pathology Department, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Lirong Zeng
- Plant Science Innovation Center and Plant Pathology Department, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Fangming Xiao
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
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238
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Talreja J, Samavati L. K63-Linked Polyubiquitination on TRAF6 Regulates LPS-Mediated MAPK Activation, Cytokine Production, and Bacterial Clearance in Toll-Like Receptor 7/8 Primed Murine Macrophages. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29515583 PMCID: PMC5826352 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Post viral infection bacterial pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality associated with both seasonal and pandemic influenza virus illness. Despite much efforts put into the discovery of mechanisms of post viral-bacterial infections and their complications in recent years, the molecular mechanisms underlying the increased susceptibility to bacterial infection remain poorly understood. In this study, we focused on the pathways regulating immune responses in murine macrophages and modeled post viral-bacterial infections through pretreatment of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) with a toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 ligand (R848) and subsequent challenge with TLR2/4 agonists to mimic bacterial infection. We found R848-primed BMDMs upon subsequent exposure to TLR2/4 ligands respond with enhanced inflammatory cytokine production, especially IL-6 and TNF-α. The enhanced cytokine production in R848-primed BMDMs in response to TLR2/4 was due to increased TGF-β-activated kinase (TAK) 1 phosphorylation with subsequent activation of ERK and p38 MAPKs. Furthermore, we identified that R848 priming leads to increased K63-linked polyubiquitination on TRAF6. K63-linked polyubiquitination on TRAF6 is a signal leading to enhanced activation of downstream pathways including TAK1. Importantly, R848-primed BMDMs infected with live bacteria exhibited decreased bacterial clearance. Small-molecule enhancer of rapamycin 3, an ubiquitin ligase inhibitor reversed the K63-linked polyubiquitination on TRAF6 in R848-primed BMDMs and subsequently decreased TAK1 and MAPK phosphorylation, and cytokine production as well as reversed the decreased bacterial clearance capacity of BMDMs. Our study may provide a novel molecular target to alleviate post viral-bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Talreja
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Lobelia Samavati
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, United States.,Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
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239
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Wong DCJ, Ariani P, Castellarin S, Polverari A, Vandelle E. Co-expression network analysis and cis-regulatory element enrichment determine putative functions and regulatory mechanisms of grapevine ATL E3 ubiquitin ligases. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3151. [PMID: 29453355 PMCID: PMC5816651 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21377-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana Toxicos en Levadura (ATL) proteins are a subclass of the RING-H2 zinc finger binding E3 ubiquitin ligases. The grapevine (Vitis vinifera) ATL family was recently characterized, revealing 96 members that are likely to be involved in several physiological processes through protein ubiquitination. However, the final targets and biological functions of most ATL E3 ligases are still unknown. We analyzed the co-expression networks among grapevine ATL genes across a set of transcriptomic data related to defense and abiotic stress, combined with a condition-independent dataset. This revealed strong correlations between ATL proteins and diverse signal transduction components and transcriptional regulators, in particular those involved in immunity. An enrichment analysis of cis-regulatory elements in ATL gene promoters and related co-expressed genes highlighted the importance of hormones in the regulation of ATL gene expression. Our work identified several ATL proteins as candidates for further studies aiming to decipher specific grapevine resistance mechanisms activated in response to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren C J Wong
- Wine Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Pietro Ariani
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy
| | - Simone Castellarin
- Wine Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Annalisa Polverari
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy.
| | - Elodie Vandelle
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy.
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240
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Doellinger J, Grossegesse M, Nitsche A, Lasch P. DMSO as a mobile phase additive enhances detection of ubiquitination sites by nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2018; 53:183-187. [PMID: 29193534 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale detection of ubiquitination sites in whole cell proteomes using nano-liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry is a well-established technique that has deepened the understanding of protein degradation processes in eukaryotic cells. Ubiquitination sites are usually identified by detection of Lys-ɛ-Gly-Gly (K-ɛ-GG)-remnant peptides, which are generated by tryptic digestion of proteomes. We show in this application note that dimethyl sulfoxide addition to the liquid chromatography mobile phase enhances identification rates of K-ɛ-GG peptides by more than 100% due to an increase of peptide signal intensities. The gain in the number of ubiquitination site identifications exceeds by far the gain that has been published for other posttranslational modifications, namely, phosphorylation and acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Doellinger
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Proteomics and Spectroscopy (ZBS6), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS1), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marica Grossegesse
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS1), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Nitsche
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS1), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Lasch
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Proteomics and Spectroscopy (ZBS6), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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241
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Molecular Mechanisms and Cellular Pathways Implicated in Machado-Joseph Disease Pathogenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1049:349-367. [PMID: 29427113 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-71779-1_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Machado-Joseph disease (MJD) is a dominantly inherited disorder originally described in people of Portuguese descent, and associated with the expansion of a CAG tract in the coding region of the causative gene MJD1/ATX3. The CAG repeats range from 10 to 51 in the normal population and from 55 to 87 in SCA3/MJD patients. MJD1 encodes ataxin-3, a protein whose physiological function has been linked to ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. Despite the identification of the causative mutation, the pathogenic process leading to the neurodegeneration observed in the disease is not yet completely understood. In the past years, several studies identified different molecular mechanisms and cellular pathways as being impaired or deregulated in MJD. Autophagy, proteolysis or post-translational modifications, among other processes, were implicated in MJD pathogenesis. From these studies it was possible to identify new targets for therapeutic intervention, which in some cases proved successful in models of disease.
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242
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Bradley-Whitman MA, Roberts KN, Abner EL, Scheff SW, Lynn BC, Lovell MA. A novel method for the rapid detection of post-translationally modified visinin-like protein 1 in rat models of brain injury. Brain Inj 2017; 32:363-380. [PMID: 29283288 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2017.1418907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although elevated serum levels of visinin-like protein 1 (VILIP-1), a neuron-specific calcium sensor protein, are associated with ischaemic stroke, only a single study has evaluated VILIP-1 as a biomarker of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The current proof-of-concept study was designed to determine whether serum VILIP-1 levels increase post-injury in a well-characterized rat unilateral cortical contusion model. METHODS Lateral flow devices (LFDs) rapidly (< 20 min) detected trace serum levels (pg/mL) of VILIP-1 in a small input sample volume (10 µL). Temporal profiles of serum levels at baseline and post-injury were measured in male Sprague Dawley rats subjected to very mild-, mild unilateral-cortical contusion, or naïve surgery and in male Sprague Dawley rats following a diffuse TBI or sham surgery. RESULTS Mean serum levels were significantly elevated by 0.5 h post-injury and remained so throughout the temporal profile compared with baseline in very mild and mild unilateral contusions but not in naïve surgeries. Serum levels were also elevated in a small cohort of animals subjected to a diffuse TBI injury. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the current study demonstrates that the novel LFD is a reliable and rapid point-of-care diagnostic for the detection and quantification of serum levels of UB-VILIP-1 in a clinically relevant time frame.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelly N Roberts
- b Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center , Lexington , KY , USA
| | - Erin L Abner
- c Sanders-Brown Center on Aging & Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health , University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
| | - Stephen W Scheff
- d Sanders-Brown Center on Aging & Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology , University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
| | - Bert C Lynn
- e Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky Mass Spectrometry, Facility, & Department of Chemistry , University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
| | - Mark A Lovell
- f Sanders-Brown Center on Aging & Department of Chemistry , University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
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243
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Yin J, Wang L, Zhu JM, Yu Q, Xue RY, Fang Y, Zhang YA, Chen YJ, Liu TT, Dong L, Shen XZ. Prp19 facilitates invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/twist1 pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 7:21939-51. [PMID: 26959880 PMCID: PMC5008335 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-mRNA processing factor 19 (Prp19) is involved in many cellular events including pre-mRNA processing and DNA damage response. However, the pathological role of Prp19 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still elusive. Here, we reported that Prp19 was increased in most HCC tissues and HCC cell lines, and its overexpression in HCC tissues was positively correlated with vascular invasion, tumor capsule breakthrough and poor prognosis. Prp19 potentiated migratory and invasive abilities of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore Prp19 facilitated Twist1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Mechanistic insights revealed that Prp19 directly binded with TGF-β-activated kinase1 (TAK1) and promoted the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), preventing Twist1 from degradation. Finally Prp19/p38 MAPK/Twist1 axis was attested in nude mice xenografts and HCC patient specimens. This work implies that the gain of Prp19 is a critical event during the progression of HCC, making it a promising target for malignancies with aberrant Prp19 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Min Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru-Yi Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-An Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Jie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao-Tao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-Zhong Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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244
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Breast cancer metastasis suppressor OTUD1 deubiquitinates SMAD7. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2116. [PMID: 29235476 PMCID: PMC5727433 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of death in cancer patients. TGF-β is pro-metastatic for malignant cancer cells. Here we report a loss-of-function screen in mice with metastasis as readout and identify OTUD1 as a metastasis-repressing factor. OTUD1-silenced cancer cells show mesenchymal and stem-cell-like characteristics. Further investigation reveals that OTUD1 directly deubiquitinates the TGF-β pathway inhibitor SMAD7 and prevents its degradation. Moreover, OTUD1 cleaves Lysine 33-linked poly-ubiquitin chains of SMAD7 Lysine 220, which exposes the SMAD7 PY motif, enabling SMURF2 binding and subsequent TβRI turnover at the cell surface. Importantly, OTUD1 is lost in multiple types of human cancers and loss of OTUD1 increases metastasis in intracardial xenograft and orthotopic transplantation models, and correlates with poor prognosis among breast cancer patients. High levels of OTUD1 inhibit cancer stemness and shut off metastasis. Thus, OTUD1 represses breast cancer metastasis by mitigating TGF-β-induced pro-oncogenic responses via deubiquitination of SMAD7.
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245
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Blyth KG, Murphy DJ. Progress and challenges in Mesothelioma: From bench to bedside. Respir Med 2017; 134:31-41. [PMID: 29413505 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM) is currently an incurable cancer with a typical survival of 1 year from the time of diagnosis. The recent genomic and transcriptomic characterization of MPM presents new opportunities and challenges for MPM researchers. Recent advances in clinical and laboratory diagnostics, and proposals for an updated, data-driven, staging system, also present new challenges for clinicians and hospital services involved in MPM care. The aim of this review is first to introduce the reader to the topic of MPM, a disease that is causally linked to prior, typically occupational, exposure to asbestos fibres. Secondly, we will discuss MPM from the clinical and laboratory perspectives, including reviews of current and evolving therapies and our present understanding of the molecular basis of the disease. Finally, we will attempt to identify critical knowledge gaps that currently prevent more effective treatment, including the challenges involved in early detection and chemoprophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin G Blyth
- Glasgow Pleural Disease Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, UK.
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246
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Comparative Profiling of Ubiquitin Proteasome System Interplay with Influenza A Virus PB2 Polymerase Protein Recapitulating Virus Evolution in Humans. mSphere 2017; 2:mSphere00330-17. [PMID: 29202037 PMCID: PMC5700371 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00330-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are responsible for mild-to-severe seasonal respiratory illness of public health concern worldwide, and the risk of avian strain outbreaks in humans is a constant threat. Elucidating the requisites of IAV adaptation to humans is thus of prime importance. In this study, we explored how PB2 replication proteins of IAV strains with different levels of virulence in humans hijack a major protein modification pathway of the human host cell, the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). We found that the PB2 protein engages in an extended interplay with the UPS that evolved along with the virus’s adaptation to humans. This suggests that UPS hijacking underlies the efficient infection of humans and can be used as an indicator for evaluation of the potential of avian IAVs to infect humans. Several UPS factors were found to be necessary for infection with circulating IAV strains, pointing to potential targets for therapeutic approaches. The optimized exploitation of cell resources is one cornerstone of a successful infection. Differential mapping of host-pathogen protein-protein interactions (PPIs) on the basis of comparative interactomics of multiple strains is an effective strategy to highlight correlations between host proteome hijacking and biological or pathogenic traits. Here, we developed an interactomic pipeline to deliver high-confidence comparative maps of PPIs between a given pathogen and the human ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). This subarray of the human proteome represents a range of essential cellular functions and promiscuous targets for many viruses. The screening pipeline was applied to the influenza A virus (IAV) PB2 polymerase proteins of five strains representing different levels of virulence in humans. An extensive PB2-UPS interplay has been detected that recapitulates the evolution of IAVs in humans. Functional validation with several IAV strains, including the seasonal H1N1pdm09 and H3N2 viruses, confirmed the biological relevance of most identified UPS factors and revealed strain-independent and strain-specific effects of UPS factor invalidation on IAV infection. This strategy is applicable to proteins from any other virus or pathogen, providing a valuable resource with which to explore the UPS-pathogen interplay and its relationship with pathogenicity. IMPORTANCE Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are responsible for mild-to-severe seasonal respiratory illness of public health concern worldwide, and the risk of avian strain outbreaks in humans is a constant threat. Elucidating the requisites of IAV adaptation to humans is thus of prime importance. In this study, we explored how PB2 replication proteins of IAV strains with different levels of virulence in humans hijack a major protein modification pathway of the human host cell, the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). We found that the PB2 protein engages in an extended interplay with the UPS that evolved along with the virus’s adaptation to humans. This suggests that UPS hijacking underlies the efficient infection of humans and can be used as an indicator for evaluation of the potential of avian IAVs to infect humans. Several UPS factors were found to be necessary for infection with circulating IAV strains, pointing to potential targets for therapeutic approaches.
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247
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Burla R, Carcuro M, Torre ML, Fratini F, Crescenzi M, D'Apice MR, Spitalieri P, Raffa GD, Astrologo L, Lattanzi G, Cundari E, Raimondo D, Biroccio A, Gatti M, Saggio I. The telomeric protein AKTIP interacts with A- and B-type lamins and is involved in regulation of cellular senescence. Open Biol 2017; 6:rsob.160103. [PMID: 27512140 PMCID: PMC5008010 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AKTIP is a shelterin-interacting protein required for replication of telomeric DNA. Here, we show that AKTIP biochemically interacts with A- and B-type lamins and affects lamin A, but not lamin C or B, expression. In interphase cells, AKTIP localizes at the nuclear rim and in discrete regions of the nucleoplasm just like lamins. Double immunostaining revealed that AKTIP partially co-localizes with lamin B1 and lamin A/C in interphase cells, and that proper AKTIP localization requires functional lamin A. In mitotic cells, AKTIP is enriched at the spindle poles and at the midbody of late telophase cells similar to lamin B1. AKTIP-depleted cells show senescence-associated markers and recapitulate several aspects of the progeroid phenotype. Collectively, our results indicate that AKTIP is a new player in lamin-related processes, including those that govern nuclear architecture, telomere homeostasis and cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Burla
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Italy Istituto Pasteur Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome 00185, Italy Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari CNR Roma, 00185, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Carcuro
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Italy
| | - Mattia La Torre
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Paola Spitalieri
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina e Prevenzione, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma 00133, Italy
| | - Grazia Daniela Raffa
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Italy
| | - Letizia Astrologo
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Cundari
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari CNR Roma, 00185, Italy
| | - Domenico Raimondo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Sapienza, Università di Roma, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Annamaria Biroccio
- Unità di Oncogenomica ed Epigenetica, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Regina Elena, Roma 00144, Italy
| | - Maurizio Gatti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Italy Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari CNR Roma, 00185, Italy
| | - Isabella Saggio
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Italy Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari CNR Roma, 00185, Italy
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248
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Parchure A, Munson M, Budnik V. Getting mRNA-Containing Ribonucleoprotein Granules Out of a Nuclear Back Door. Neuron 2017; 96:604-615. [PMID: 29096075 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A pivotal feature of long-lasting synaptic plasticity is the localization of RNAs and the protein synthesis machinery at synaptic sites. How and where ribonucleoprotein (RNP) transport granules that support this synthetic activity are formed is of fundamental importance. The prevailing model poses that the nuclear pore complex (NPC) is the sole gatekeeper for transit of cellular material in and out of the nucleus. However, insights from the nuclear assembly of large viral capsids highlight a back door route for nuclear escape, a process referred to nuclear envelope (NE) budding. Recent studies indicate that NE budding might be an endogenous cellular process for the nuclear export of very large RNPs and protein aggregates. In Drosophila, this mechanism is required for synaptic plasticity, but its role may extend beyond the nervous system, in tissues where local changes in translation are required. Here we discuss these recent findings and a potential relationship between NE budding and the NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Parchure
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Mary Munson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Vivian Budnik
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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249
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Song J, Landström M. TGFβ activates PI3K-AKT signaling via TRAF6. Oncotarget 2017; 8:99205-99206. [PMID: 29245887 PMCID: PMC5725078 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Song
- Maréne Landström: Medical Biosciences Department, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Maréne Landström
- Maréne Landström: Medical Biosciences Department, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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250
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Li Z, Cui Q, Wang X, Li B, Zhao D, Xia Q, Zhao P. Functions and substrates of NEDDylation during cell cycle in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 90:101-112. [PMID: 28964913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
NEDDylation, a post-translational modification mediated by the conjugation of the ubiquitin-like protein Nedd8 to specific substrates, is an essential biological process that regulates cell cycle progression in eukaryotes. Here, we report the conservation of NEDDylation machinery and NEDDylated proteins in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. We have identified all the components necessary for reversible NEDDylation in the silkworm including Nedd8, E1, E2, E3, and deNEDDylation enzymes. By the approach of RNAi-mediated gene silencing, it was shown that knockdown of BmNedd8 and the conjugating enzymes decreased the global level of NEDDylation, while knockdown of deNEDDylation enzymes increased the prevalence of this modification in cultured silkworm cells. Moreover, the lack of the NEDDylation system caused cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and resulted in defects in chromosome congression and segregation. Using the wild-type and mutants of BmNedd8, we identified the specific substrates of BmNedd8, which are involved in the regulation for many cellular processes, including ribosome biogenesis, spliceosome structure, spindle formation, metabolism, and RNA biogenesis. This clearly demonstrates that the NEDDylation system is able to control multiple pathways in the silkworm. Altogether, the information on the functions and substrates of the NEDDylation system presented here could provide a basis for future investigations of protein NEDDylation and its regulatory mechanism on cell cycle progression in the silkworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Chongqing, China
| | - Qixin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bingqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongchao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Chongqing, China.
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