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Electroacupuncture stimulation of HT7 alleviates sleep disruption following acute caffeine exposure by regulating BDNF-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress in the rat medial septum. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113724. [PMID: 36156370 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture stimulation can protect the brain against caffeine-induced sleep disruption. This study investigated whether electroacupuncture stimulation acupuncture point HT7 alleviates sleep disruption by regulating mBDNF and ER stress in the medial septum. Acute exposure to caffeine (15 mg/kg, i.p.) increased the wake time and decreased REM sleep, which HT7 stimulation alleviated. HT7 stimulation ameliorated the acute caffeine exposure-induced increase in the expression of BiP, an endoplasmic reticulum stress response protein, in the rat medial septum. Interestingly, HT7 stimulation induced the expression of mBDNF and pTrkB in the medial septum. The next experiment investigated whether TrkB phosphorylated by HT7 stimulation induced BiP expression in the rat medial septum. Before electroacupuncture stimulation at HT7, ANA-12 was administered to caffeine-treated rats. In rats administered ANA-12 in the medial septum, HT7 stimulation did not reduce BiP expression. These findings suggest that HT7 stimulation improves wake time and REM sleep dysfunction by regulating the BDNF-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress response in the medial septum. These results indicate that the alleviation of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the medial septum by HT7 stimulation and the subsequent amelioration of insomnia may depend on phosphorylated TrkB activation.
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Common Neuroanatomical Substrate of Cholinergic Pathways and Language-Related Brain Regions as an Explanatory Framework for Evaluating the Efficacy of Cholinergic Pharmacotherapy in Post-Stroke Aphasia: A Review. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12101273. [PMID: 36291207 PMCID: PMC9599395 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12101273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the relative scarcity of studies focusing on pharmacotherapy in aphasia, there is evidence in the literature indicating that remediation of language disorders via pharmaceutical agents could be a promising aphasia treatment option. Among the various agents used to treat chronic aphasic deficits, cholinergic drugs have provided meaningful results. In the current review, we focused on published reports investigating the impact of acetylcholine on language and other cognitive disturbances. It has been suggested that acetylcholine plays an important role in neuroplasticity and is related to several aspects of cognition, such as memory and attention. Moreover, cholinergic input is diffused to a wide network of cortical areas, which have been associated with language sub-processes. This could be a possible explanation for the positive reported outcomes of cholinergic drugs in aphasia recovery, and specifically in distinct language processes, such as naming and comprehension, as well as overall communication competence. However, evidence with regard to functional alterations in specific brain areas after pharmacotherapy is rather limited. Finally, despite the positive results derived from the relevant studies, cholinergic pharmacotherapy treatment in post-stroke aphasia has not been widely implemented. The present review aims to provide an overview of the existing literature in the common neuroanatomical substrate of cholinergic pathways and language related brain areas as a framework for interpreting the efficacy of cholinergic pharmacotherapy interventions in post-stroke aphasia, following an integrated approach by converging evidence from neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, and neuropsychology.
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203
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Scharf P, Rizzetto F, Xavier LF, Farsky SHP. Xenobiotics Delivered by Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: Potential Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms on the Pathogenesis of Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810293. [PMID: 36142207 PMCID: PMC9498982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized as sustained damage to the renal parenchyma, leading to impaired renal functions and gradually progressing to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Diabetes mellitus (DM) and arterial hypertension (AH) are underlying diseases of CKD. Genetic background, lifestyle, and xenobiotic exposures can favor CKD onset and trigger its underlying diseases. Cigarette smoking (CS) is a known modified risk factor for CKD. Compounds from tobacco combustion act through multi-mediated mechanisms that impair renal function. Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) consumption, such as e-cigarettes and heated tobacco devices, is growing worldwide. ENDS release mainly nicotine, humectants, and flavorings, which generate several byproducts when heated, including volatile organic compounds and ultrafine particles. The toxicity assessment of these products is emerging in human and experimental studies, but data are yet incipient to achieve truthful conclusions about their safety. To build up the knowledge about the effect of currently employed ENDS on the pathogenesis of CKD, cellular and molecular mechanisms of ENDS xenobiotic on DM, AH, and kidney functions were reviewed. Unraveling the toxic mechanisms of action and endpoints of ENDS exposures will contribute to the risk assessment and implementation of proper health and regulatory interventions.
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Bjørklund G, Antonyak H, Polishchuk A, Semenova Y, Lesiv M, Lysiuk R, Peana M. Effect of methylmercury on fetal neurobehavioral development: an overview of the possible mechanisms of toxicity and the neuroprotective effect of phytochemicals. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:3175-3199. [PMID: 36063174 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03366-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a global environmental pollutant with neurotoxic effects. Exposure to MeHg via consumption of seafood and fish can severely impact fetal neurobehavioral development even when MeHg levels in maternal blood are as low as about 5 μg/L, which the mother tolerates well. Persistent motor dysfunctions and cognitive deficits may result from trans-placental exposure. The present review summarizes current knowledge on the mechanisms of MeHg toxicity during the period of nervous system development. Although cerebellar Purkinje cells are MeHg targets, the actions of MeHg on thiol components in the neuronal cytoskeleton as well as on mitochondrial enzymes and induction of disturbances of glutamate signaling can impair extra-cerebellar functions, also at levels well tolerated by adult individuals. Numerous herbal substances possess neuroprotective effects, predominantly represented by natural polyphenolic molecules that might be utilized to develop natural drugs to alleviate neurotoxicity symptoms caused by MeHg or other Hg compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Toften 24, 8610, Mo i Rana, Norway.
| | | | | | | | - Marta Lesiv
- Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Roman Lysiuk
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
- CONEM Ukraine Life Science Research Group, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Massimiliano Peana
- Department of Chemical, Physics, Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Neuroprotective and Antioxidant Role of Oxotremorine-M, a Non-selective Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors Agonist, in a Cellular Model of Alzheimer Disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022:10.1007/s10571-022-01274-9. [PMID: 36056992 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01274-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a multifactorial and age-dependent neurodegenerative disorder, whose pathogenesis, classically associated with the formation of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, is also dependent on oxidative stress and neuroinflammation chronicization. Currently, the standard symptomatic therapy, based on acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, showed a limited therapeutic potential, whereas disease-modifying treatment strategies are still under extensive research. Previous studies have demonstrated that Oxotremorine-M (Oxo), a non-selective muscarinic acetylcholine receptors agonist, exerts neurotrophic functions in primary neurons, and modulates oxidative stress and neuroinflammation phenomena in rat brain. In the light of these findings, in this study, we aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of Oxo treatment in an in vitro model of AD, represented by differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells exposed to Aβ1-42 peptide. The results demonstrated that Oxo treatment enhances cell survival, increases neurite length, and counteracts DNA fragmentation induced by Aβ1-42 peptide. The same treatment was also able to block oxidative stress and mitochondria morphological/functional impairment associated with Aβ1-42 cell exposure. Overall, these results suggest that Oxo, by modulating cholinergic neurotransmission, survival, oxidative stress response, and mitochondria functionality, may represent a novel multi-target drug able to achieve a therapeutic synergy in AD. Illustration of the main pathological hallmarks and mechanisms underlying AD pathogenesis, including neurodegeneration and oxidative stress, efficiently counteracted by treatment with Oxo, which may represent a promising therapeutic molecule. Created with BioRender.com under academic license.
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Emerging Role of Neuron-Glia in Neurological Disorders: At a Glance. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3201644. [PMID: 36046684 PMCID: PMC9423989 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3201644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Based on the diverse physiological influence, the impact of glial cells has become much more evident on neurological illnesses, resulting in the origins of many diseases appearing to be more convoluted than previously happened. Since neurological disorders are often random and unknown, hence the construction of animal models is difficult to build, representing a small fraction of people with a gene mutation. As a result, an immediate necessity is grown to work within in vitro techniques for examining these illnesses. As the scientific community recognizes cell-autonomous contributions to a variety of central nervous system illnesses, therapeutic techniques involving stem cells for treating neurological diseases are gaining traction. The use of stem cells derived from a variety of sources is increasingly being used to replace both neuronal and glial tissue. The brain's energy demands necessitate the reliance of neurons on glial cells in order for it to function properly. Furthermore, glial cells have diverse functions in terms of regulating their own metabolic activities, as well as collaborating with neurons via secreted signaling or guidance molecules, forming a complex network of neuron-glial connections in health and sickness. Emerging data reveals that metabolic changes in glial cells can cause morphological and functional changes in conjunction with neuronal dysfunction under disease situations, highlighting the importance of neuron-glia interactions in the pathophysiology of neurological illnesses. In this context, it is required to improve our understanding of disease mechanisms and create potential novel therapeutics. According to research, synaptic malfunction is one of the features of various mental diseases, and glial cells are acting as key ingredients not only in synapse formation, growth, and plasticity but also in neuroinflammation and synaptic homeostasis which creates critical physiological capacity in the focused sensory system. The goal of this review article is to elaborate state-of-the-art information on a few glial cell types situated in the central nervous system (CNS) and highlight their role in the onset and progression of neurological disorders.
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207
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Eghan K, Lee S, Kim WK. Cardiotoxicity and neurobehavioral effects induced by acrylamide in Daphnia magna. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 242:113923. [PMID: 35930837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide has neurotoxic and/or cardiotoxic effects on humans however available information regarding the neuro- and cardiotoxicity currently is very limited for freshwater organism models. Using three distinct techniques, thus, we investigated the neuro- and cardiotoxic effects of acrylamide in the freshwater invertebrate model, Daphnia magna. We exposed D. magna to acrylamide at concentrations of 0.3, 2.7, and 11.1 mg/L for 48 h alongside a control group. We then conducted physiological (thoracic limb activity and heart rate) and behavioral tests (including distance moved, velocity, turn angle, moving duration, the distance between subjects, and body contact frequency), as well as gene transcription analyses (related to cardiomyopathy, the serotonergic synapse, neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions, the GABAergic synapse, and acetylcholine receptors). After acrylamide exposure, the thoracic limb activity and heart rates of D. magna showed time- and dose dependent inhibition. From low to high exposure concentrations, both heart rates and thoracic limb activity were decreased. Additionally, the distance between subjects and body contact frequencies was significantly reduced. At the gene transcription level, acrylamide significantly altered the transcription of five genes related to cardiomyopathy and eight genes related to the serotonergic synapse, neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions, and the GABAergic synapse. The signs of hindered neural and cardiac functions were shown in D. magna. This suggests that acrylamide exposure leads to cardiotoxicity and neurobehavior defects in D. magna. Because cardiotoxicity and neurobehavioral changes may cause an ecological imbalance via predation of D. magna, acrylamide may also be considered a threat to freshwater ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kojo Eghan
- Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea; Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Korea.
| | - Sangwoo Lee
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Korea.
| | - Woo-Keun Kim
- Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea; Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Korea.
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Dong K, Li L, Chen C, Tengbe MS, Chen K, Shi Y, Wu X, Qiu X. Impacts of cetylpyridinium chloride on the behavior and brain neurotransmitter levels of juvenile and adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 259:109393. [PMID: 35700941 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) is a cationic surfactant that has been widely used as an antibacterial ingredient in pharmaceutical and personal care products. Due to its high residue in surface waters, there is increasing concern over the potential risk of CPC to aquatic ecosystems. However, knowledge of its impacts on fish is still limited. Therefore, this study exposed juvenile and adult zebrafish to CPC (0, 10, and 40 μg/L) for four days. Subsequently, changes in their behavioral traits and brain levels of several neurotransmitters were investigated. The behavioral assay showed that CPC exposure significantly decreased the locomotor activity and social interaction of zebrafish at both life stages, and juveniles were more sensitive to CPC exposure than adults. In the control groups, the brain neurotransmitters concentrations increased with age in zebrafish. However, CPC exposure tended to increase the brain neurotransmitter levels of juveniles but decreased their levels in adults. Correlation analysis revealed that the brain monoamine neurotransmitters and their turnover might play important roles in the life stage-dependent behavioral response to CPC. In particular, the DOPAC/DA ratio was significantly associated with CPC-induced hypoactivity and reduced social interactions in juveniles but not adults. Our findings demonstrated that CPC exposure could cause abnormal behavior in juvenile and adult zebrafish and disturb their brain neurotransmitters, even at environmentally relevant concentrations, and thus highlighted the necessity for further assessing its potential risks to aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejun Dong
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Lixia Li
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Michaela Sia Tengbe
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Yanhong Shi
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Xuchun Qiu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
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209
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Conley AC, Albert KM, McDonald BC, Saykin AJ, Dumas JA, Newhouse PA. Estradiol treatment in young postmenopausal women with self-reported cognitive complaints: Effects on cholinergic-mediated cognitive performance. Hum Psychopharmacol 2022; 37:e2838. [PMID: 35212023 PMCID: PMC9399322 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Older women are at increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease compared to men. One proposed reason is that following menopause there is a decline in estrogens. Estrogens are important for cholinergic functioning and attenuate the impact of cholinergic antagonists on cognitive performance in postmenopausal women. Self-reported or subjective cognitive complaints in middle or older age may represent a harbinger of cognitive decline and those who endorse cognitive complaints appear more likely to develop future cognitive impairment. However, the response of individuals with cognitive complaints after menopause to estrogen and the relationship to cholinergic functioning has not been investigated. This study investigated the effect of estrogen treatment using 17β-estradiol on cognitive performance following anticholinergic blockade in postmenopausal women and the relationship of this interaction with the level of self-reported (subjective) postmenopausal cognitive complaints. METHODS Forty postmenopausal women (aged 50-60 years) completed a 3-month treatment regimen of either 1 mg oral estradiol or placebo. Participants then completed four challenge days in which they completed cognitive and behavioral tasks after one of four cholinergic antagonist drug conditions (oral mecamylamine (MECA), intravenous scopolamine, combined MECA and scopolamine, or PLC). RESULTS Compared to PLC, the estradiol treated group performed worse on attention tasks under cholinergic challenge including the choice reaction time task and the critical flicker fusion task. In addition, participants who endorsed greater cognitive complaints showed reduced performance on the N-back working memory task, regardless of whether they received estradiol treatment. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study indicate that estradiol treatment was unable to mitigate anticholinergic blockade in postmenopausal women with subjective cognitive complaints, and worsened performance on attention tasks. Moreover, the present study suggests that greater levels of cognitive complaints following menopause may be associated with an underlying decline in cholinergic function that may manifest as an inability to compensate during working memory tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C. Conley
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kimberly M. Albert
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Brenna C. McDonald
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Andrew J. Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Julie A. Dumas
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Paul A. Newhouse
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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210
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Huo D, Su F, Cui W, Liu S, Zhang L, Yang H, Sun L. Heat stress and evisceration caused lipid metabolism and neural transduction changes in sea cucumber: Evidence from metabolomics. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 182:113993. [PMID: 35952546 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
When encountering adverse environmental conditions, some holothurians can eject their internal organs in a process called evisceration. As global warming intensified, eviscerated and intact sea cucumbers both experience heat stress, but how they performed was uncertain. We constructed 24 metabolomics profiles to reveal the metabolite changes of eviscerated and intact sea cucumbers under normal and high temperature conditions, respectively. Carboxylic acids and fatty acyls were the most abundant metabolic categories in evisceration and heat stress treatments, respectively. Neural transduction was involved in sea cucumber evisceration and stress response, and the commonly enriched pathway was "neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction". Lipid metabolism in eviscerated sea cucumbers differed from those of intact individuals and was more seriously affected by heat stress. Choline is a key metabolite for revealing the evisceration mechanism. Our results contribute to understanding the mechanisms of evisceration in sea cucumbers, and how sea cucumbers might respond to increasingly warming ocean conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Huo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Fang Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wei Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shilin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Libin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hongsheng Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lina Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao 266071, China.
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211
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Paul SM, Yohn SE, Popiolek M, Miller AC, Felder CC. Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonists as Novel Treatments for Schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 2022; 179:611-627. [PMID: 35758639 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.21101083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia remains a challenging disease to treat effectively with current antipsychotic medications due to their limited efficacy across the entire spectrum of core symptoms as well as their often burdensome side-effect profiles and poor tolerability. An unmet need remains for novel, mechanistically unique, and better tolerated therapeutic agents for treating schizophrenia, especially those that treat not only positive symptoms but also the negative and cognitive symptoms of the disease. Almost 25 years ago, the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) agonist xanomeline was reported to reduce psychotic symptoms and improve cognition in patients with Alzheimer's disease. The antipsychotic and procognitive properties of xanomeline were subsequently confirmed in a small study of acutely psychotic patients with chronic schizophrenia. These unexpected clinical findings have prompted considerable efforts across academia and industry to target mAChRs as a new approach to potentially treat schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. The authors discuss recent advances in mAChR biology and pharmacology and the current understanding of the relative roles of the various mAChR subtypes, their downstream cellular effectors, and key neural circuits mediating the reduction in the core symptoms of schizophrenia in patients treated with xanomeline. They also provide an update on the status of novel mAChR agonists currently in development for potential treatment of schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders.
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212
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Wang X, Zhao L, Shi Q, Guo Y, Hua J, Han J, Yang L. DE-71 affected the cholinergic system and locomotor activity via disrupting calcium homeostasis in zebrafish larvae. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 250:106237. [PMID: 35870252 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) can induce neurotoxicity, but the mechanism of their toxicity on the cholinergic system and locomotion behavior remains unclear. In this paper, zebrafish embryos were exposed to DE-71 (0, 1, 3, 10, 30, and 100 µg/L) until 120 h post fertilization, and its effects on the behavior and cholinergic system of zebrafish larvae and its possible mechanism were investigated. Results indicated a general locomotor activity impairment in the light-dark transition stimulation without affecting the secondary motoneurons. However, with the extension of test time in the dark or light, the decreased locomotor activity was diminished, a significant decrease only observed in the 100 µg/L DE-71 exposure groups in the last 10 min. Furthermore, whole-body acetylcholine (ACh) contents decreased after DE-71 exposure, whereas no changes in NO contents and inducible nitric oxide synthase activity were found. The expression of certain genes encoding calcium homeostasis proteins (e.g., grin1a, camk2a, and crebbpb) and the concentrations of calcium in zebrafish larvae were significantly decreased after DE-71 exposure. After co-exposure with calcium channel agonist (±)-BAY K8644, calcium concentrations, ACh contents, and locomotor activity in the light-dark transition stimulation was significantly increased compared with the same concentrations of DE-71 exposure alone, whereas no significant difference was observed compared with the control, indicating that calcium homeostasis is involved in the impairment of cholinergic neurotransmission and locomotor activity. Overall, our results suggested that DE-71 can impair the cholinergic system and locomotor activity by impairing calcium homeostasis. Our paper provides a better understanding of the neurotoxicity of PBDEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Wang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Lifeng Zhao
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Qipeng Shi
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yongyong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jianghuan Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jian Han
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lihua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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Kadyrov M, Whiley L, Brown B, Erickson KI, Holmes E. Associations of the Lipidome with Ageing, Cognitive Decline and Exercise Behaviours. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090822. [PMID: 36144226 PMCID: PMC9505967 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most recognisable features of ageing is a decline in brain health and cognitive dysfunction, which is associated with perturbations to regular lipid homeostasis. Although ageing is the largest risk factor for several neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia, a loss in cognitive function is commonly observed in adults over the age of 65. Despite the prevalence of normal age-related cognitive decline, there is a lack of effective methods to improve the health of the ageing brain. In light of this, exercise has shown promise for positively influencing neurocognitive health and associated lipid profiles. This review summarises age-related changes in several lipid classes that are found in the brain, including fatty acyls, glycerolipids, phospholipids, sphingolipids and sterols, and explores the consequences of age-associated pathological cognitive decline on these lipid classes. Evidence of the positive effects of exercise on the affected lipid profiles are also discussed to highlight the potential for exercise to be used therapeutically to mitigate age-related changes to lipid metabolism and prevent cognitive decline in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kadyrov
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Discipline of Exercise Science, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (B.B.); (E.H.)
| | - Luke Whiley
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Belinda Brown
- Discipline of Exercise Science, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (B.B.); (E.H.)
| | - Kirk I. Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- AdventHealth Research Institute, Neuroscience Institute, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Division of Integrative Systems and Digestive Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (B.B.); (E.H.)
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214
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Micheli L, Toti A, Lucarini E, Ferrara V, Ciampi C, Olivero G, Pittaluga A, Mattoli L, Pelucchini C, Burico M, Lucci J, Carrino D, Pacini A, Pallanti S, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Ghelardini C. Efficacy of a vegetal mixture composed of Zingiber officinale, Echinacea purpurea, and Centella asiatica in a mouse model of neuroinflammation: In vivo and ex vivo analysis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:887378. [PMID: 36118773 PMCID: PMC9472218 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.887378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental evidence suggests that neuroinflammation is a key pathological event of many diseases affecting the nervous system. It has been well recognized that these devastating illnesses (e.g., Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, depression, and chronic pain) are multifactorial, involving many pathogenic mechanisms, reason why pharmacological treatments are unsatisfactory. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a vegetal mixture capable of offering a multiple approach required to manage the multifactoriality of neuroinflammation. A mixture composed of Zingiber officinale (150 mg kg−1), Echinacea purpurea (20 mg kg−1), and Centella asiatica (200 mg kg−1) was tested in a mouse model of systemic neuroinflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 mg kg−1). Repeated treatment with the vegetal mixture was able to completely counteract thermal and mechanical allodynia as reported by the Cold plate and von Frey tests, respectively, and to reduce the motor impairments as demonstrated by the Rota rod test. Moreover, the mixture was capable of neutralizing the memory loss in the Passive avoidance test and reducing depressive-like behavior in the Porsolt test, while no efficacy was shown in decreasing anhedonia as demonstrated by the Sucrose preference test. Finally, LPS stimulation caused a significant increase in the activation of glial cells, of the central complement proteins and of inflammatory cytokines in selected regions of the central nervous system (CNS), which were rebalanced in animals treated with the vegetal mixture. In conclusion, the vegetal mixture tested thwarted the plethora of symptoms evoked by LPS, thus being a potential candidate for future investigations in the context of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Micheli
- Neurofarba—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- *Correspondence: Laura Micheli,
| | - Alessandra Toti
- Neurofarba—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Lucarini
- Neurofarba—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Valentina Ferrara
- Neurofarba—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Clara Ciampi
- Neurofarba—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Guendalina Olivero
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luisa Mattoli
- Innovation and Medical Science Division, Aboca SpA Società Agricola, Sansepolcro, Italy
| | - Caroline Pelucchini
- Innovation and Medical Science Division, Aboca SpA Società Agricola, Sansepolcro, Italy
| | - Michela Burico
- Innovation and Medical Science Division, Aboca SpA Società Agricola, Sansepolcro, Italy
| | - Jacopo Lucci
- Innovation and Medical Science Division, Aboca SpA Società Agricola, Sansepolcro, Italy
| | - Donatello Carrino
- Anatomy and Histology Section, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pacini
- Anatomy and Histology Section, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Pallanti
- Psychiatry Section, Department of Neurofarba, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Institute of Neuroscience, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Neurofarba—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Neurofarba—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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215
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Kopsick JD, Hartzell K, Lazaro H, Nambiar P, Hasselmo ME, Dannenberg H. Temporal dynamics of cholinergic activity in the septo-hippocampal system. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 16:957441. [PMID: 36092276 PMCID: PMC9452968 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2022.957441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholinergic projection neurons in the medial septum and diagonal band of Broca are the major source of cholinergic modulation of hippocampal circuit functions that support neural coding of location and running speed. Changes in cholinergic modulation are known to correlate with changes in brain states, cognitive functions, and behavior. However, whether cholinergic modulation can change fast enough to serve as a potential speed signal in hippocampal and parahippocampal cortices and whether the temporal dynamics in such a signal depend on the presence of visual cues remain unknown. In this study, we use a fiber-photometric approach to quantify the temporal dynamics of cholinergic activity in freely moving mice as a function of the animal's movement speed and visual cues. We show that the population activity of cholinergic neurons in the medial septum and diagonal band of Broca changes fast enough to be aligned well with changes in the animal's running speed and is strongly and linearly correlated to the logarithm of the animal's running speed. Intriguingly, the cholinergic modulation remains strongly and linearly correlated to the speed of the animal's neck movements during periods of stationary activity. Furthermore, we show that cholinergic modulation is unaltered during darkness. Lastly, we identify rearing, a stereotypic behavior where the mouse stands on its hindlimbs to scan the environment from an elevated perspective, is associated with higher cholinergic activity than expected from neck movements on the horizontal plane alone. Taken together, these data show that temporal dynamics in the cholinergic modulation of hippocampal circuits are fast enough to provide a potential running speed signal in real-time. Moreover, the data show that cholinergic modulation is primarily a function of the logarithm of the animal's movement speed, both during locomotion and during stationary activity, with no significant interaction with visual inputs. These data advance our understanding of temporal dynamics in cholinergic modulation of hippocampal circuits and their functions in the context of neural coding of location and running speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D. Kopsick
- Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States,Interdisciplinary Program for Neuroscience, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Kyle Hartzell
- Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Hallie Lazaro
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pranav Nambiar
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michael E. Hasselmo
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Holger Dannenberg
- Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States,Interdisciplinary Program for Neuroscience, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States,*Correspondence: Holger Dannenberg,
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216
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Age-related differences in the effect of chronic alcohol on cognition and the brain: a systematic review. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:345. [PMID: 36008381 PMCID: PMC9411553 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02100-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is an important developmental period associated with increased risk for excessive alcohol use, but also high rates of recovery from alcohol use-related problems, suggesting potential resilience to long-term effects compared to adults. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the current evidence for a moderating role of age on the impact of chronic alcohol exposure on the brain and cognition. We searched Medline, PsycInfo, and Cochrane Library databases up to February 3, 2021. All human and animal studies that directly tested whether the relationship between chronic alcohol exposure and neurocognitive outcomes differs between adolescents and adults were included. Study characteristics and results of age-related analyses were extracted into reference tables and results were separately narratively synthesized for each cognitive and brain-related outcome. The evidence strength for age-related differences varies across outcomes. Human evidence is largely missing, but animal research provides limited but consistent evidence of heightened adolescent sensitivity to chronic alcohol's effects on several outcomes, including conditioned aversion, dopaminergic transmission in reward-related regions, neurodegeneration, and neurogenesis. At the same time, there is limited evidence for adolescent resilience to chronic alcohol-induced impairments in the domain of cognitive flexibility, warranting future studies investigating the potential mechanisms underlying adolescent risk and resilience to the effects of alcohol. The available evidence from mostly animal studies indicates adolescents are both more vulnerable and potentially more resilient to chronic alcohol effects on specific brain and cognitive outcomes. More human research directly comparing adolescents and adults is needed despite the methodological constraints. Parallel translational animal models can aid in the causal interpretation of observed effects. To improve their translational value, future animal studies should aim to use voluntary self-administration paradigms and incorporate individual differences and environmental context to better model human drinking behavior.
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217
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Güngör SA, Şahin İ, Güngör Ö, Tok TT, Köse M. Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Docking Study of Mono- and Di-sulfonamide Derivatives as Antioxidant Agents and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200325. [PMID: 35984664 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mono(M1-M5)- and di(DM1-DM5)-sulfonamide derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of 4-iodobenzenesulfonyl chloride compound and aniline derivatives in basic medium. The structures of the synthesized sulfonamide derivatives were characterized by spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction methods. All compounds were screened for their acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory studies and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging activities. Among the compounds tested, compound M1 showed the best activity against both AChE (IC 50 = 42.09 µg/mL for AChE) and DPPH (IC 50 = 9.94 µg/mL for DPPH). Binding energies and modes were determined by placing all compounds in the active site of AChE. Molecular docking studies were performed in order to investigate binding interaction between the synthesized compounds and AChE. The most active M1 compound showed its low CDOCKER energy (-65,834 kcal/mol).
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyit Ali Güngör
- Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi, chemistry, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi, 46050, Kahramanmaras, TURKEY
| | - İrfan Şahin
- Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi - Avsar Kampusu: Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi, chemistry, Kahramanmaras Sütcü Imam University, Kahramanmaras, TURKEY
| | - Özge Güngör
- Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi - Avsar Kampusu: Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi, chemistry, Kahramanmaras Sütcü Imam University, Kahramanmaras, TURKEY
| | - Tugba Taskin Tok
- Gaziantep University: Gaziantep Universitesi, chemistry, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, TURKEY
| | - Muhammet Köse
- Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi - Avsar Kampusu: Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi, chemistry, Kahramanmaras Sütcü Imam University, Kahramanmaras, TURKEY
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218
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Jhuang YC, Chang CH. Differential roles of nucleus reuniens and perirhinal cortex in Pavlovian trace fear conditioning in rats. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:3498-3510. [PMID: 35952337 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleus reuniens (RE) and the perirhinal cortex (PRC) are two major relay stations that interconnect the hippocampus (HPC) and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Previous studies have shown that both the RE and the PRC are involved in the acquisition of trace fear conditioning. However, the respective contribution of the two regions is unclear. In this study, we used pharmacological approach to compare their roles. Our data suggested that inactivation of the RE or the PRC during conditioning partially impaired, whereas inactivation of both areas totally abolished, the encoding of trace fear. We next examined whether the impaired encoding of trace fear under RE inactivation can be rescued with enhanced cholinergic tone in the PRC, and vice versa. Against our hypothesis, regardless of whether the RE was on-line or not, animals failed to encode trace fear when further engaging cholinergic activities in the PRC. Conversely, depending on PRC activation level during conditioning, further recruiting cholinergic activities in the RE led to a down-shift of fear response during retrieval. Our results revealed that the RE and the PRC were necessary for the encoding of trace fear. Moreover, there was differential importance of cholinergic modulation during the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ci Jhuang
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hui Chang
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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219
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Nicotinic receptors promote susceptibility to social stress in female mice linked with neuroadaptations within VTA dopamine neurons. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:1587-1596. [PMID: 35459925 PMCID: PMC9283477 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01314-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There are about twice as many women as men who experience depression during their lifetime. Although life circumstances and especially exposure to stressful situations constitute a major risk factor to develop depression, the underlying mechanisms have yet to be unraveled. We employed the chronic social defeat procedure to elicit depressive-like symptoms in females and ketamine to validate the model. We performed ex-vivo patch clamp recordings to assess cellular adaptations and used pharmacological agents to dissect these deregulations. Chronic social defeat exposure triggers a hyperactivity of VTA putative dopamine (DA) neurons in females susceptible to stress but not resilient ones. This hyperactivity was fully reversed by a single administration of ketamine. In virally-identified brain circuits of both susceptible and resilient females, we found a hypercholinergic tone to the VTA arising from the laterodorsal tegmentum. Application of puffs of nicotine revealed a decreased sensitivity of DA neurons in resilient mice when compared to naive or susceptible ones. The in vivo acute administration of the positive allosteric modulator for α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) not only increased susceptibility to stress by enhancing activity of VTA DA neurons, but also triggered a switch in phenotype from resilient to susceptible. Our data unravel dysregulations of VTA DA neurons activity exclusively in females exhibiting depressive-like symptoms and identify VTA nAChRs as key molecular substrates that exacerbate susceptibility to stress.
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220
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Raj V, Thekkuveettil A. Dopamine plays a critical role in the olfactory adaptive learning pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:2028-2043. [PMID: 35906758 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Encoding and consolidating information through learning and memory is vital in adaptation and survival. Dopamine (DA) is a critical neurotransmitter that modulates behavior. However, the role of DA in learning and memory processes is not well defined. Herein, we used the olfactory adaptive learning paradigm in Caenorhabditis elegans to elucidate the role of DA in the memory pathway. Cat-2 mutant worms with low DA synthesis showed a significant reduction in chemotaxis index (CI) compared to the wild type (WT) after short-term conditioning. In dat-1::ICE worms, having degeneration of DA neurons, there was a significant reduction in adaptive learning and memory. When the worms were trained in the presence of exogenous DA (10 mM) instead of food, a substantial increase in CI value was observed. Furthermore, our results suggest that both dop-1 and dop-3 DA receptors are involved in memory retention. The release of DA during conditioning is essential to initiate the learning pathway. We also noted an enhanced cholinergic receptor activity in the absence of dopaminergic neurons. The strains expressing GCaMP6 in DA neurons (pdat-1::GCaMP-6::mCherry) showed a rise in intracellular calcium influx in the presence of the conditional stimulus after training, suggesting DA neurons are activated during memory recall. These results reveal the critical role of DA in adaptive learning and memory, indicating that DA neurons play a crucial role in the effective processing of cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Raj
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, BMT Wing, Trivandrum, India
| | - Anoopkumar Thekkuveettil
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, BMT Wing, Trivandrum, India
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221
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Elmorsy E, Al-Ghafari A, Al Doghaither H, Salama M, Carter WG. An Investigation of the Neurotoxic Effects of Malathion, Chlorpyrifos, and Paraquat to Different Brain Regions. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12080975. [PMID: 35892416 PMCID: PMC9394375 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12080975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute or chronic exposures to pesticides have been linked to neurotoxicity and the potential development of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). This study aimed to consider the neurotoxicity of three widely utilized pesticides: malathion, chlorpyrifos, and paraquat within the hippocampus (HC), corpus striatum (CS), cerebellum (CER), and cerebral cortex (CC). Neurotoxicity was evaluated at relatively low, medium, and high pesticide dosages. All pesticides inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and neuropathy target esterase (NTE) in each of the brain regions, but esterase inhibition was greatest in the HC and CS. Each of the pesticides also induced greater disruption to cellular bioenergetics within the HC and CS, and this was monitored via inhibition of mitochondrial complex enzymes I and II, reduced ATP levels, and increased lactate production. Similarly, the HC and CS were more vulnerable to redox stress, with greater inhibition of the antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase and increased lipid peroxidation. All pesticides induced the production of nuclear Nrf2 in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, these results show that pesticides disrupt cellular bioenergetics and that the HC and CS are more susceptible to pesticide effects than the CER and CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekramy Elmorsy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (E.E.); (M.S.)
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar 91431, Saudi Arabia
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Ayat Al-Ghafari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.-G.); (H.A.D.)
- Scientific Research Center, Dar Al-Hekma University, Jeddah 22246, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Al Doghaither
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.-G.); (H.A.D.)
- Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Salama
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (E.E.); (M.S.)
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, The American University in Cairo (AUC), Cairo 11385, Egypt
| | - Wayne G. Carter
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-132-724-738
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222
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Paolino M, Rullo M, Maramai S, de Candia M, Pisani L, Catto M, Mugnaini C, Brizzi A, Cappelli A, Olivucci M, Corelli F, Altomare CD. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of light-driven on-off multitarget AChE and MAO-B inhibitors. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:873-883. [PMID: 35923722 PMCID: PMC9298480 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00042c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are multifactorial disorders characterized by protein misfolding, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, finally resulting in neuronal loss and cognitive dysfunctions. Nowadays, an attractive strategy to improve the classical treatments is the development of multitarget-directed molecules able to synergistically interact with different enzymes and/or receptors. In addition, an interesting tool to refine personalized therapies may arise from the use of bioactive species able to modify their activity as a result of light irradiation. To this aim, we designed and synthesized a small library of cinnamic acid-inspired isomeric compounds with light modulated activity able to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B), with remarkable selectivity over butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and MAO-A, which have been investigated as the enzyme targets related to Alzheimer's disease (AD). The inhibitory activities were evaluated for the pure E-diastereomers and the E/Z-diastereomer mixtures, obtained upon UV irradiation. Molecular docking studies were carried out to rationalize the differences in the inhibition potency of the E and Z diastereomers of the best performing analogue 1c. Our preliminary findings may open-up the way for developing innovative multitarget photo-switch drugs against neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Paolino
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università degli Studi di Siena Via A. Moro 2 53100 Siena Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Rullo
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Samuele Maramai
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università degli Studi di Siena Via A. Moro 2 53100 Siena Italy
| | - Modesto de Candia
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Leonardo Pisani
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Marco Catto
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Claudia Mugnaini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università degli Studi di Siena Via A. Moro 2 53100 Siena Italy
| | - Antonella Brizzi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università degli Studi di Siena Via A. Moro 2 53100 Siena Italy
| | - Andrea Cappelli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università degli Studi di Siena Via A. Moro 2 53100 Siena Italy
| | - Massimo Olivucci
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università degli Studi di Siena Via A. Moro 2 53100 Siena Italy
- Chemistry Department, Bowling Green State University USA
| | - Federico Corelli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università degli Studi di Siena Via A. Moro 2 53100 Siena Italy
| | - Cosimo D Altomare
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
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Malfunction of astrocyte and cholinergic input is involved in postoperative impairment of hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cognitive function. Neuropharmacology 2022; 217:109191. [PMID: 35835213 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Postoperative delirium (POD) occurs in a few days after major surgery under general anesthesia and may cause serious health problems. However, effective intervention and treatment remain unavailable because the underlying mechanisms have far been elucidated. In the present study, we explored the role of the malfunctioned astrocytes in POD. Our results showed that mice with tibia fracture displayed spatial and temporal memory impairments, reduced LTP, and activated astrocytes in the hippocampus in early postoperative stage. Using electrophysiological and Ca2+ imaging techniques in hippocampal slices, we demonstrated the malfunctions of astrocytes in surgery mice: depolarized resting membrane potential, higher membrane conductance and capacitance, and attenuated Ca2+ elevation in response to external stimulation. The degraded calcium signaling in hippocampal astrocytes in surgery mice was restored by correcting the diminution of acetylcholine release with galantamine. Furthermore, pharmacologically blocking astrocyte activation with fluorocitrate and enhancing cholinergic inputs with galantamine normalized hippocampal LTP in surgery mice. Finally, inhibition of astrocyte activation with fluorocitrate in the hippocampus improved cognitive function in surgery mice. Therefore, the prevention of astrocyte activation may be a valuable strategy for the intervention of cognitive dysfunction in POD, and acetylcholine receptors may be valid drug targets for this purpose.
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Diniz CRAF, da Silva LA, Bertachini GL, da Silva-Júnior AF, Resstel LBM. Dorsal hippocampal muscarinic cholinergic receptors orchestrate behavioral and autonomic changes induced by contextual fear retrieval. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022; 218:173425. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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225
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Choi JS, Kim K, Park K, Park JW. Long-term exposure of the Mediterranean mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis to polyethylene terephthalate microfibers: Implication for reproductive and neurotoxic effects. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 299:134317. [PMID: 35364087 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As one of major types of microplastics (MPs), microfibers (MFs) are widely found in the marine ecosystem and can induce diverse impacts on various marine organisms. Sedentary species, such as mussels, can act as bioindicators for monitoring marine contamination. Hence, in this study, we used mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) to examine the toxicity of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) MFs of 100 μm size at concentrations of 0.0005, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 mg/L for 32 days. PET MFs accumulated only in the stomachs and intestines of the mussels and caused digestive tubule atrophy. After exposure to PET MFs, no alteration in the mortality rate, shell height, length, and weight of the mussels was observed. However, the gonadal index decreased with increasing concentrations of PET MFs. This is because PET MFs decrease the sex hormones estradiol and testosterone in mussels, even at environmentally relevant concentrations. Furthermore, chronic exposure to PET MFs increased the activities of antioxidant-related (catalase and superoxide dismutase) and neurotoxicity-related (acetylcholine esterase) enzymes in the digestive gland and gill tissues of mussels. In addition, cellular immune parameters of apoptosis and DNA damage were observed in mussel hemocytes. Thus, this study demonstrates the risks of MPs in real marine environments by assessing how long-term exposure to low concentrations of PET MFs can cause potential sublethal impacts and reproductive failure in mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Soo Choi
- Environmental Exposure & Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 17 Jegok-gil, Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Kanghee Kim
- Environmental Exposure & Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 17 Jegok-gil, Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea; Human and Environmental Toxicology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217, Gajeong-ro, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungil Park
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Ocean Science and Technology, Kunsan National University, 558, Daehak-ro, Gunsan, 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Woo Park
- Environmental Exposure & Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 17 Jegok-gil, Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea; Human and Environmental Toxicology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217, Gajeong-ro, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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226
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Wdowiak K, Walkowiak J, Pietrzak R, Bazan-Woźniak A, Cielecka-Piontek J. Bioavailability of Hesperidin and Its Aglycone Hesperetin—Compounds Found in Citrus Fruits as a Parameter Conditioning the Pro-Health Potential (Neuroprotective and Antidiabetic Activity)—Mini-Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132647. [PMID: 35807828 PMCID: PMC9268531 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hesperidin and hesperetin are polyphenols that can be found predominantly in citrus fruits. They possess a variety of pharmacological properties such as neuroprotective and antidiabetic activity. However, the bioavailability of these compounds is limited due to low solubility and restricts their use as pro-healthy agents. This paper described the limitations resulting from the low bioavailability of the presented compounds and gathered the methods aiming at its improvement. Moreover, this work reviewed studies providing pieces of evidence for neuroprotective and antidiabetic properties of hesperidin and hesperetin as well as providing a detailed look into the significance of reported modes of action in chronic diseases. On account of a well-documented pro-healthy activity, it is important to look for ways to overcome the problem of poor bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Wdowiak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Jarosław Walkowiak
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Robert Pietrzak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (R.P.); (A.B.-W.)
| | - Aleksandra Bazan-Woźniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (R.P.); (A.B.-W.)
| | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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227
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Chen AQ, He SM, Lv SJ, Qiu CZ, Zhou R, Zhang L, Zhang SR, Zhang Z, Ren DL. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors regulate inflammatory responses through arginases 1/2 in zebrafish. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113321. [PMID: 35759868 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) are widely expressed in various effector cells and have been proved to play vital roles in smooth muscle contraction and digestive secretion. However, there are relatively few literatures revealing the roles of mAChRs in inflammatory processes, and its underlying regulatory mechanisms have not been elucidated. Taking the advantages of live imaging of zebrafish, we found that inhibition of mAChRs resulted in increased neutrophils recruitment and proinflammatory cytokines expression, whereas activation of mAChRs led to opposite outcome. Subsequently, we found that mAChRs regulated the expression of arginases (args), and pharmacological intervention of args level could reverse the effects of mAChRs on neutrophils migration and cytokines expression, suggesting that args are important downstream proteins of mAChRs that mediate the regulation of inflammatory response. In this study, we identified args as novel downstream proteins of mAChRs in inflammatory responses, providing additional evidence for system immune regulation of cholinergic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Qi Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Shi-Min He
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Shi-Jie Lv
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Cheng-Zeng Qiu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Ren Zhou
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Shang-Rong Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, China
| | - Zijun Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Da-Long Ren
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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228
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Selenium nanoparticles impart robust neuroprotection against deltamethrin-induced neurotoxicity in male rats by reversing behavioral alterations, oxidative damage, apoptosis, and neuronal loss. Neurotoxicology 2022; 91:329-339. [PMID: 35753508 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the neuroprotective role of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) on deltamethrin-induced neurotoxicity in rats. A total of 32 adult male Wister rats were allocated into the following four groups: 1) control, 2) deltamethrin (0.6 mg/kg), 3) SeNPs (0.5 mg/kg), and 4) deltamethrin + SeNPs. All agents were administered orally three times per week for 2 months. Locomotor behavior, anxiety-like behavior, biochemical parameters, including brain oxidative damage biomarkers (Malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH)), brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and brain genotoxicity were evaluated. The gene expression levels of IGF-1 and Bcl2 were also determined. Moreover, a brain histopathological examination associated with the immunohistochemical determination of Bax in brain tissue was performed. Deltamethrin-intoxicated rats showed a reduction in the locomotor activity associated with a highly anxious state. They also displayed a disturbance in the brain redox state with a decrease in the brain AChE levels and a high DNA fragmentation percentage. Furthermore, they showed a decrement in the immunohistochemical GFAP levels as well as IGF-1 and Bcl2 gene expression levels with an increase in the immunohistochemical Bax levels. All these changes were confirmed by brain histopathology. Interestingly, SeNPs ameliorated all these changes and restored the normal brain architecture. In conclusion. SeNPs possess a potent medicinal activity due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Therefore, SeNPs can be a potential agent in ameliorating deltamethrin-induced neurotoxicity.
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229
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Xu J, Wang L, Chen X, Le W. New Understanding on the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Constipation in Parkinson’s Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:917499. [PMID: 35813960 PMCID: PMC9257174 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.917499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Constipation, one of the most common prodromal non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD), usually occurs several years earlier than the onset of motor symptoms. Previous studies have shown that constipation occurrence increases as the disease progresses. However, the mechanism underlying this pathologic disorder is not clear yet. Moreover, chronic constipation causes slowness in gastric emptying and, therefore, may lead to a delay in the absorption of medications for PD, including levodopa and dopamine agonists. Accordingly, it is necessary to understand how the pathophysiological factors contribute to constipation during PD as well as pursue precise and effective treatment strategies. In this review, we encapsulate the molecular mechanism of constipation underlying PD and update the progress in the treatments of PD-associated constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Xu
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
- Xi Chen Weidong Le
| | - Weidong Le
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
- Xi Chen Weidong Le
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230
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Effects of thymoquinone on scopolamine-induced spatial and echoic memory changes through regulation of lipid peroxidation and cholinergic impairment. Behav Brain Res 2022; 431:113972. [PMID: 35718231 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Thymoquinone (TMQ), one of the main components active of Nigella sativa, shows very useful biomedical properties. Evidence suggests that cholinergic dysfunction and oxidative stress play role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study, we investigated the anti-amnestic effect of TMQ in scopolamine-induced animal model of AD. Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups; Sham(SH), TMQ-treated(TMQ), scopolamine-treated(SCO) and scopolamine+TMQ-treated(SCO_TMQ) groups. TMQ (20 mg/kg) prepared in corn oil was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) 1-h before experiments. Scopolamine (1 mg/kg) dissolved in 0.9% physiological saline was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.). We recorded mismatch negativity (MMN) response as an electrophysiological correlate of echoic memory. Object location memory (OLM) and Y-maze alternation tests were carried out to assess spatial memory. Then, the brain homogenates content of thiobarbituric-acid-reactive-substances (TBARS), 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) and acetylcholine (ACh)/acetylcholine (AChE) activity were biochemically determined. In the scopolamine-treated rats, TMQ was found to significantly improve the discrimination and spontaneous alteration levels in the OLM and Y-maze tests, respectively. Furthermore, TMQ significantly mitigated the scopolamine-induced attenuation of MMN and related theta responses. Moreover, scopolamine treatment increased TBARS/4-HNE level and decreased ACh level in the brain, and TMQ was able to significantly prevent these effects. AChE activity was increased in the SCO group; this effect was significantly attenuated by TMQ. TMQ diminished the lipid peroxidation and cholinergic dysfunction in the scopolamine-induced AD rat model which all reflected in improving the MMN/theta response and spatial memory. This may implement TMQ as an adjuvant therapeutic strategy in ameliorating AD.
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231
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Khatoon R, Kaushik P, Parvez S. Mitochondria-Related Apoptosis Regulation by Minocycline: A Study on a Transgenic Drosophila Model of Alzheimer's Disease. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:19106-19112. [PMID: 35721948 PMCID: PMC9202010 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a very complicated and multifactorial neurological disorder having limited therapeutic interventions illustrated by the impairment in memory and cognitive function. Several lines of confirmation are stoutly connected with mitochondrial function perturbation as a significant causative factor in AD, while the molecular mechanisms involved in AD pathogenesis are still poorly understood. Minocycline, a well-known antibiotic, has confirmed efficacy against mitochondrial defects and oxidative stress as a neuroprotective effect. In view of this property, we examined the remedial effect of minocycline on AD. To attain insight into the molecular machinery responsible for AD pathogenesis, we preferred the UAS/GAL4 scheme for the development of AD in flies that overexpress the Aβ42 protein in the brain of Drosophila. The warning signs like the declined lifespan, locomotion deficit and memory loss, impaired mitochondrial membrane potential, and increased caspase 3 expression with mitogen-associated protein kinases linked with AD pathogenesis were examined in the existence of minocycline. Minocycline halted the Aβ42-induced symptoms including behavioral changes and altered the mitochondrial membrane potential along with apoptotic factors' protein expression (JNK/p-JNK and caspase 3). Thus, the current study could be functional to find out the role of minocycline in human Aβ42-overexpressed transgenic AD flies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Suhel Parvez
- . Tel.: +91 11 26059688x5573. Fax: +91 11 26059663
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232
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Fuchsberger T, Paulsen O. Modulation of hippocampal plasticity in learning and memory. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2022; 75:102558. [PMID: 35660989 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity plays a central role in the study of neural mechanisms of learning and memory. Plasticity rules are not invariant over time but are under neuromodulatory control, enabling behavioral states to influence memory formation. Neuromodulation controls synaptic plasticity at network level by directing information flow, at circuit level through changes in excitation/inhibition balance, and at synaptic level through modulation of intracellular signaling cascades. Although most research has focused on modulation of principal neurons, recent progress has uncovered important roles for interneurons in not only routing information, but also setting conditions for synaptic plasticity. Moreover, astrocytes have been shown to both gate and mediate plasticity. These additional mechanisms must be considered for a comprehensive mechanistic understanding of learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Fuchsberger
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ole Paulsen
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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233
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Néstor S, Carlos P, Cristina P, José MR, Ignacio B, Pilar S. TOBACCO USE DISORDER AND DUAL DISORDERS Joint statement by the Spanish Psychiatry Society and the Spanish Dual Disorders Society. ACTAS ESPANOLAS DE PSIQUIATRIA 2022; 50:77-138. [PMID: 35731182 PMCID: PMC11095114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco Use Disorder (TUD) is a health problem of the first order in the world population, affecting a vulnerable population, such as people with other mental disorders, whose morbidity and mortality are increased as a result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szerman Néstor
- Instituto de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España. Miembro de la Sociedad Española de Patología Dual (SEPD)
| | - Parro Carlos
- Instituto de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España. Miembro de la Sociedad Española de Patología Dual (SEPD)
| | - Pinet Cristina
- Unidad Toxicomanías, Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Sant Pau, Barcelona, España. Miembro de la Sociedad Española de Psiquiatría (SEP)
| | - Martínez-Raga José
- Departamento de Psiquiatría y Psicología Médica. Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset y Universitat de Valencia. Valencia, España. Miembro de la Sociedad Española de Patología Dual (SEPD)
| | - Basurte Ignacio
- Dirección médica de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental de la Clínica López Ibor. Madrid, España. Profesor vinculado de la Universidad Europea de Madrid. Madrid, España. Miembro de la Sociedad Española de Patología Dual (SEPD)
| | - Saiz Pilar
- Catedrática de Psiquiatría. Universidad de Oviedo, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Instituto de Investigación sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA). Asturias, España. Miembro de la Sociedad Española de Psiquiatría (SEP)
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234
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Barbee BR, Gourley SL. Brain systems in cocaine abstinence-induced anxiety-like behavior in rodents: A review. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2:100012. [PMID: 37485439 PMCID: PMC10361393 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2022.100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a significant public health issue that generates substantial personal, familial, and economic burdens. Still, there are no FDA-approved pharmacotherapies for CUD. Cocaine-dependent individuals report anxiety during withdrawal, and alleviation of anxiety and other negative affective states may be critical for maintaining drug abstinence. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying abstinence-related anxiety in humans or anxiety-like behavior in rodents are not fully understood. This review summarizes investigations regarding anxiety-like behavior in mice and rats undergoing cocaine abstinence, as assessed using four of the most common anxiety-related assays: the elevated plus (or its derivative, the elevated zero) maze, open field test, light-dark transition test, and defensive burying task. We first summarize available evidence that cocaine abstinence generates anxiety-like behavior that persists throughout protracted abstinence. Then, we examine investigations concerning neuropeptide, neurotransmitter, and neuromodulator systems in cocaine abstinence-induced anxiety-like behavior. Throughout, we discuss how differences in sex, rodent strain, cocaine dose and dosing strategy and abstinence duration interact to generate anxiety-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britton R. Barbee
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Systems Pharmacology,
Emory University
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of
Medicine; Yerkes National Primate Research Center
| | - Shannon L. Gourley
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Systems Pharmacology,
Emory University
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of
Medicine; Yerkes National Primate Research Center
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235
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Watson GA, Sanz-Garcia E, Zhang WJ, Liu ZA, Yang SC, Wang B, Liu S, Kubli S, Berman H, Pfister T, Genta S, Spreafico A, Hansen AR, Bedard PL, Lheureux S, Abdul Razak A, Cescon D, Butler MO, Xu W, Mak TW, Siu LL, Chen E. Increase in serum choline levels predicts for improved progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with advanced cancers receiving pembrolizumab. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-004378. [PMID: 35705312 PMCID: PMC9204435 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-004378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have demonstrated that T cells can induce vasodilation in a choline-acetyltransferase dependent manner, leading to an increase in T cell migration to infected tissues in response to viral infection, but its role in cancer is unclear. Choline acetyltransferase catalyzes the production of acetylcholine from choline and acetyl-CoA, however, acetylcholine is challenging to quantify due to its extremely short half-life while choline is stable. This study aims to correlate serum choline levels in patients with advanced solid tumors receiving pembrolizumab with treatment outcomes. Methods Blood samples were collected at baseline and at week 7 (pre-cycle 3) in patients treated with pembrolizumab in the INvestigator-initiated Phase 2 Study of Pembrolizumab Immunological Response Evaluation phase II trial (NCT02644369). Samples were analyzed for choline and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). Multivariable Cox models were used to assess the association between choline and overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) when including ΔctDNAC3 (the change in ctDNA from baseline to cycle 3), cohort, PD-L1 expression and tumor mutation burden (TMB). An independent validation cohort from the LIBERATE study (NCT03702309) included patients on early phase trials treated with a PD-1 inhibitor. Results A total of 106 pts were included in the analysis. With a median follow-up of 12.6 months, median PFS and OS were 1.9 and 13.7 months, respectively. An increase in serum choline level at week 7 compared with baseline (ΔcholineC3) in 81 pts was significantly associated with a better PFS (aHR 0.48, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.83, p=0.009), and a trend toward a better OS (aHR 0.64, 95% CI 0.37 to 1.12, p=0.119). A combination of ΔctDNAC3 and ΔcholineC3 was prognostic for both OS and PFS. Multivariable analyses show ΔcholineC3 was a prognostic factor for PFS independent of ΔctDNAC3, cohort, PD-L1 and TMB. In the independent validation cohort (n=51), an increase in serum choline at cycle 2 was associated with a trend to improved PFS. Conclusions This is the first exploratory report of serum choline levels in pan-cancer patients receiving pembrolizumab. The association between improved PFS and ΔcholineC3 suggests a possible role for the cholinergic system in the regulation of antitumor immunity. Further pre-clinical and clinical studies are required to validate this finding. Trial registration number NCT03702309.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Alan Watson
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Enrique Sanz-Garcia
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wen-Jiang Zhang
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhihui Amy Liu
- Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of Toronto Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sy Cindy Yang
- Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ben Wang
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shaofeng Liu
- Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shawn Kubli
- Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hal Berman
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Pfister
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sofia Genta
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Spreafico
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aaron R Hansen
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philippe L Bedard
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie Lheureux
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Albiruni Abdul Razak
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dave Cescon
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcus O Butler
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wei Xu
- Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tak W Mak
- Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lillian L Siu
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric Chen
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Chen C, Bu L, Liu H, Rang Y, Huang H, Xiao X, Ou G, Liu C. Learning and memory impairment induced by 1,4-butanediol is regulated by ERK1/2-CREB-BDNF signaling pathways in PC12 cells. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:1451-1463. [PMID: 35348994 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00963-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) is a known γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) precursor which affects the nervous system after ingestion, leading to uncontrolled behavioral consequences. In the present study, we investigated whether 1,4-BD induces oxidative stress and inflammation in PC12 cells and evaluated the toxic effects of 1,4-BD associates with learning and memory. CCK-8 results revealed a dose-effect relationship between the cell viability of PC12 cells and 1,4-BD when the duration of action was 2 h or 4 h. Assay kits results showed that 1,4-BD decreased the levels of Glutathione (GSH), Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Acetylcholine (Ach) and increased the levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric oxide (NO) and Acetylcholinesterase (AchE). Elisa kits results indicated that 1,4-BD decreased the levels of synaptophysin I (SYN-1), Postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95), Growth associated protein-43 (GAP-43) and increased the levels of Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin- 6 (IL-6). RT-PCR results showed that the mRNA levels of PSD-95, SYN-1 and GAP-43 were significantly decreased. The expression of phosphorylation extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2), phosphorylation cAMP response element binding protein (p-CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) proteins were significantly decreased in PC12 cells by protein blotting. Overall, these results suggest that 1,4-BD may affect synaptic plasticity via the ERK1/2-CREB-BDNF pathway, leading to Ach release reduction and ultimately to learning and memory impairment. Furthermore, oxidative stress and inflammation induced by 1,4-BD may also result in learning and memory deficits. These findings will enrich the toxicity data of 1.4-BD associated with learning and memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congying Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guang zhou, 510642, China
| | - Lingling Bu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guang zhou, 510642, China
| | - Huan Liu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guang zhou, 510642, China
| | - Yifeng Rang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guang zhou, 510642, China
| | - Huiying Huang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guang zhou, 510642, China
| | - Xueman Xiao
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guang zhou, 510642, China
| | - Genghua Ou
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guang zhou, 510642, China
| | - Chunhong Liu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guang zhou, 510642, China.
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Teitsdottir UD, Darreh-Shori T, Lund SH, Jonsdottir MK, Snaedal J, Petersen PH. Phenotypic Displays of Cholinergic Enzymes Associate With Markers of Inflammation, Neurofibrillary Tangles, and Neurodegeneration in Pre- and Early Symptomatic Dementia Subjects. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:876019. [PMID: 35693340 PMCID: PMC9178195 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.876019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cholinergic drugs are the most commonly used drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Therefore, a better understanding of the cholinergic system and its relation to both AD-related biomarkers and cognitive functions is of high importance. Objectives To evaluate the relationships of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cholinergic enzymes with markers of amyloidosis, neurodegeneration, neurofibrillary tangles, inflammation and performance on verbal episodic memory in a memory clinic cohort. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 46 cholinergic drug-free subjects (median age = 71, 54% female, median MMSE = 28) were recruited from an Icelandic memory clinic cohort targeting early stages of cognitive impairment. Enzyme activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) was measured in CSF as well as levels of amyloid-β1–42 (Aβ42), phosphorylated tau (P-tau), total-tau (T-tau), neurofilament light (NFL), YKL-40, S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Verbal episodic memory was assessed with the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning (RAVLT) and Story tests. Results No significant relationships were found between CSF Aβ42 levels and AChE or BuChE activity (p > 0.05). In contrast, T-tau (r = 0.46, p = 0.001) and P-tau (r = 0.45, p = 0.002) levels correlated significantly with AChE activity. Although neurodegeneration markers T-tau and NFL did correlate with each other (r = 0.59, p < 0.001), NFL did not correlate with AChE (r = 0.25, p = 0.09) or BuChE (r = 0.27, p = 0.06). Inflammation markers S100B and YKL-40 both correlated significantly with AChE (S100B: r = 0.43, p = 0.003; YKL-40: r = 0.32, p = 0.03) and BuChE (S100B: r = 0.47, p < 0.001; YKL-40: r = 0.38, p = 0.009) activity. A weak correlation was detected between AChE activity and the composite score reflecting verbal episodic memory (r = −0.34, p = 0.02). LASSO regression analyses with a stability approach were performed for the selection of a set of measures best predicting cholinergic activity and verbal episodic memory score. S100B was the predictor with the highest model selection frequency for both AChE (68%) and BuChE (73%) activity. Age (91%) was the most reliable predictor for verbal episodic memory, with selection frequency of both cholinergic enzymes below 10%. Conclusions Results indicate a relationship between higher activity of the ACh-degrading cholinergic enzymes with increased neurodegeneration, neurofibrillary tangles and inflammation in the stages of pre- and early symptomatic dementia, independent of CSF Aβ42 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unnur D. Teitsdottir
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- *Correspondence: Unnur D. Teitsdottir
| | - Taher Darreh-Shori
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Maria K. Jonsdottir
- Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Psychiatry, Landspitali-National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jon Snaedal
- Memory Clinic, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Landspitali-National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Petur H. Petersen
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Influence of a Polyherbal Choline Source in Dogs: Body Weight Changes, Blood Metabolites, and Gene Expression. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12101313. [PMID: 35625159 PMCID: PMC9137459 DOI: 10.3390/ani12101313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Choline chloride is used to provide choline in dog foods; however, in other domestic species, it has been replaced with a polyherbal containing phosphatidylcholine. A polyherbal containing Achyrantes aspera, Trachyspermum ammi, Citrullus colocynthis, Andrographis paniculata, and Azadirachta indica was evaluated in adult dogs through body weight changes, subcutaneous fat thickness, blood metabolites, and gene expression. Forty dogs (4.6 ± 1.6 years old) who were individually housed in concrete kennels were randomly assigned to the following treatments: unsupplemented diet (377 mg choline/kg), choline chloride (3850 mg/kg equivalent to 2000 mg choline/kg diet), and polyherbal (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg) for 60 days. Blood samples were collected on day 59 for biochemistry, biometry, and gene expression analysis through microarray assays. Intake, final body weight, and weight changes were similar for the two choline sources. Feed intake variation among dogs (p = 0.01) and dorsal fat (p = 0.03) showed a quadratic response to herbal choline. Dogs that received the polyherbal diet had reduced blood cholesterol levels (Quadratic, p = 0.02). The gene ontology analysis indicated that 15 biological processes were modified (p ≤ 0.05) with implications for preventing cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, cancer prevention, inflammatory and immune response, and behavior and cognitive process. According to these results that were observed in a 60 day trial, the polyherbal form could replace choline chloride in dog diets at a concentration of 400 mg/kg.
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239
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Tu G, Halawa A, Yu X, Gillman S, Takehara-Nishiuchi K. Outcome-Locked Cholinergic Signaling Suppresses Prefrontal Encoding of Stimulus Associations. J Neurosci 2022; 42:4202-4214. [PMID: 35437276 PMCID: PMC9121825 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1969-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholine (ACh) is thought to control arousal, attention, and learning by slowly modulating cortical excitability and plasticity. Recent studies, however, discovered that cholinergic neurons emit precisely timed signals about the aversive outcome at millisecond precision. To investigate the functional relevance of such phasic cholinergic signaling, we manipulated and monitored cholinergic terminals in the mPFC while male mice associated a neutral conditioned stimulus (CS) with mildly aversive eyelid shock (US) over a short temporal gap. Optogenetic inhibition of cholinergic terminals during the US promoted the formation of the CS-US association. On the contrary, optogenetic excitation of cholinergic terminals during the US blocked the association formation. The bidirectional behavioral effects paralleled the corresponding change in the expression of an activity-regulated gene, c-Fos in the mPFC. In contrast, optogenetic inhibition of cholinergic terminals during the CS impaired associative learning, whereas their excitation had marginal effects. In parallel, photometric recording from cholinergic terminals in the mPFC revealed strong innate phasic responses to the US. With subsequent CS-US pairings, cholinergic terminals weakened the responses to the US while developing strong responses to the CS. The across-session changes in the CS- and US-evoked terminal responses were correlated with associative memory strength. These findings suggest that phasic cholinergic signaling in the mPFC exerts opposite effects on aversive associative learning depending on whether it is emitted by the outcome or the cue.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Drugs compensating for the decline of acetylcholine (ACh) are used for cognitive impairment, such as Alzheimer's disease. However, their beneficial effects are limited, demanding new strategies based on better understandings of how ACh modulates cognition. Here, we report that by manipulating ACh signals in the mPFC, we can control the strength of aversive associative learning in mice. Specifically, the suppression of ACh signals during an aversive outcome facilitated its association with a preceding cue. In contrast, the suppression of ACh signals during the cue impaired learning. Considering that this paradigm depends on the brain regions affected in Alzheimer's disease, our findings indicate that precisely timed control of ACh signals is essential to refine ACh-based strategies for cognitive enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaqi Tu
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G3, Canada
- Collaborative Program in Neuroscience, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Adel Halawa
- Human Biology Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3J6, Canada
| | - Xiaotian Yu
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Samuel Gillman
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G3, Canada
- Human Biology Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3J6, Canada
| | - Kaori Takehara-Nishiuchi
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G3, Canada
- Collaborative Program in Neuroscience, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G5, Canada
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240
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Burger RM, Kopp-Scheinpflug C. Editorial: Neuromodulatory Function in Auditory Processing. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 16:898646. [PMID: 35664460 PMCID: PMC9156793 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2022.898646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. Michael Burger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: R. Michael Burger
| | - Conny Kopp-Scheinpflug
- Division of Neurobiology, Department Biology II, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
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241
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Carotenuto A, Fasanaro AM, Manzo V, Amenta F, Traini E. Association Between the Cholinesterase Inhibitor Donepezil and the Cholinergic Precursor Choline Alphoscerate in the Treatment of Depression in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2022; 6:235-243. [PMID: 35719710 PMCID: PMC9198805 DOI: 10.3233/adr-200269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Depressive symptoms are common in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients and are associated with an increased functional decline. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants showed a limited efficacy. Objective: The purpose of this work was to evaluate if a higher brain cholinergic stimulation induced by the association between the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor donepezil and the cholinergic precursor choline alphoscerate has any effect on depression in AD patients. Methods: Patients were selected among those recruited in the ASCOMALVA (association between the cholinesterase inhibitor donepezil and the cholinergic precursor choline alphoscerate in AD) trial. Depressive symptoms were investigated in 90 AD patients through the neuropsychiatric inventory at baseline and after 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months of treatment. Patients were randomized in a group association therapy (45 subjects) receiving donepezil 10 mg plus choline alphoscerate 1,200 mg/day, and a group monotherapy (45 subjects) receiving donepezil 10 mg/day plus placebo. Based on the results of the MMSE at the recruitment patients were divided into 3 groups: severely impaired (score < 15); moderately impaired (score 19-16); mild-moderately impaired (score 24-20). Results: Depression symptoms were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in patients treated with donepezil plus choline alphoscerate compared to patients treated with donepezil alone. Subjects of the group having mild to moderate cognitive impairment were those more sensitive to the association treatment. Conclusion: Depression symptoms of AD patients in the mild to moderate stage probably could to benefit of a stronger cholinergic stimulation induced by associating donepezil with the cholinergic precursor choline alphoscerate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Carotenuto
- Centre for Clinical Research, Telemedicine and Telepharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
- Neurology Unit, National Hospital, “A. Cardarelli”, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Valentino Manzo
- Neurology Unit, National Hospital, “A. Cardarelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Amenta
- Centre for Clinical Research, Telemedicine and Telepharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Enea Traini
- Centre for Clinical Research, Telemedicine and Telepharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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242
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Ogunsuyi O, Olasehinde T, Oboh G. Neuroprotective properties of Solanum leaves in Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster model of Alzheimer's disease. Biomarkers 2022; 27:587-598. [PMID: 35546534 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2022.2077446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We investigated the effect of African eggplant (AE) (Solanum macrocarpon L) and Black nightshade (BN) (Solanum nigrum L) leaves; two tropical vegetables consumed by humans on behavioral, biochemical and histological indices in Drosophila melanogaster model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). MATERIALS AND METHOD Transgenic flies expressing human Amyloid Precursor Protein (hAPP) and β-secretase (hBACE 1) were exposed to the pulverized leaf samples (0.1 and 1.0%) in their diets for fourteen days. Thereafter, the flies were assessed for their behavioral indices and routine histology of brain cells. Furthermore, fly head homogenates were assayed for β-amyloid level, activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and β-secretase (BACE-1), as well as oxidative stress markers. RESULTS Result showed that the significantly lower (p < 0.05) behavioral parameters (survival, locomotor performance and memory index), higher AChE and BACE-1 activities, β-amyloid, ROS and lipid peroxidation levels, as well as reduced antioxidant indices observed in the AD flies, were significantly ameliorated (p < 0.05) in AD flies treated with the leaf samples. DISCUSSION This study has showed that leaves of AE and BN ameliorated behavioral and biochemical indices in AD flies via neural enzyme modulatory, and antioxidant mechanisms. CONCLUSION Hence, this study further justifies the neuroprotective properties of both AE and BN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Opeyemi Ogunsuyi
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria.,Department of Biomedical Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Tosin Olasehinde
- Nutrition and Toxicology Division, Food Technology Department, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Lagos, Nigeria.,Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, Kwazulu-Natal Province, South Africa
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria
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243
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Fghihi-Zarandi A, Dabaghzadeh F, Vaziri A, Karami-Mohajeri S, Ghorbaninejad B, Zamani A, Rahimi-Sadegh K. Occupational risk assessment of organophosphates with an emphasis on psychological and oxidative stress factors. Toxicol Ind Health 2022; 38:342-350. [PMID: 35513771 DOI: 10.1177/07482337221096315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphate pesticides (OPPs) are widely used all over the world in domestic and industrial settings, but these chemicals affect the nervous system, induce suicidal thoughts, depression and anxiety, and impair sleep quality. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the main toxicity mechanisms of OPPs, oxidative stress and cholinesterase inhibition, and psychological parameters in chronic exposure to OPPs. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 56 male OPPs factory workers as the worker group and 47 unexposed individuals within the same age range as the control group. Psychological factors were assessed using validated questionnaires. The activity of plasma cholinesterase and oxidative stress biomarkers, total antioxidant capacity of plasma, lipid peroxidation (LPO), and protein carbonylation were determined in blood samples by spectrophotometer. Sleep quality score in the factory workers was lower, and depression and suicidal ideation scores were higher than those in the control group. These factory workers showed 35% lower levels of plasma cholinesterase activity than did the controls. Compared to the control group, a significant impairment in oxidative stress biomarkers was also observed in the workers. Meanwhile, there was a significant relationship between the duration of employment and the level of LPO as well as a significant correlation between the quality of sleep and plasma cholinesterase in the workers. In conclusion, long-term exposure to OPPs could cause oxidative damages and neurobehavioral effects. The close monitoring of workplace exposure to organophosphates pesticides and also their respective solvents along with the reduction of working hours are of the necessities to avoid the adverse impacts of exposure to these pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Fghihi-Zarandi
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, 48463Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Dabaghzadeh
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, 48463Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Departments of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, 48463Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Vaziri
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, 68106Science and Research Branch of Islamic Azad, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Karami-Mohajeri
- Departments of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, 48463Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, 68106Science and Research Branch of Islamic Azad, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnam Ghorbaninejad
- Departments of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, 48463Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Zamani
- Vice_chancellery of Health, 48463Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Gaspar-Pintiliescu A, Mihai E, Ciucan T, Popescu AF, Luntraru C, Tomescu J, Craciunescu O. Antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibition capacity of hyrosols from lamiaceae plants for biopesticide use: role of phenolics. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2071289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Gaspar-Pintiliescu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of R&D for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Mihai
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of R&D for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Teodora Ciucan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of R&D for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | | | - Oana Craciunescu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of R&D for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
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245
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Meneghini S, Modena D, Colombo G, Coatti A, Milani N, Madaschi L, Amadeo A, Becchetti A. The β2V287L nicotinic subunit linked to sleep-related epilepsy differently affects fast-spiking and regular spiking somatostatin-expressing neurons in murine prefrontal cortex. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 214:102279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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246
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Scalable Functionalization of Polyaniline-Grafted rGO Field-Effect Transistors for a Highly Sensitive Enzymatic Acetylcholine Biosensor. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12050279. [PMID: 35624580 PMCID: PMC9138234 DOI: 10.3390/bios12050279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
For decades, acetylcholine (Ach) has been considered a critical biomarker for several degenerative brain diseases, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and schizophrenia. Here, we propose a wafer-scale fabrication of polyaniline (PAni)-grafted graphene-based field-effect transistors (PGFET) and their biosensing applications for highly sensitive and reliable real-time monitoring of Ach in flow configuration. The grafted PAni provides suitable electrostatic binding sites for enzyme immobilization and enhances the pH sensitivity (2.68%/pH), compared to that of bare graphene-FET (1.81%/pH) for a pH range of 3–9 without any pH-hysteresis. We further evaluated the PGFET’s sensing performance for Ach detection with a limit of detection at the nanomolar level and significantly improved sensitivity (~103%) in the concentration range of 108 nM to 2 mM. Moreover, the PGFET exhibits excellent selectivity against various interferences, including glucose, ascorbic acid, and neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin. Finally, we investigated the effects of an inhibitor (rivastigmine) on the AchE activity of the PGFET. From the results, we demonstrated that the PGFET has great potential as a real-time drug-screening platform by monitoring the inhibitory effects on enzymatic activity.
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247
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Munoz F, Vicencio-Jimenez S, Jorratt P, Delano PH, Terreros G. Corticofugal and Brainstem Functions Associated With Medial Olivocochlear Cholinergic Transmission. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:866161. [PMID: 35573302 PMCID: PMC9094045 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.866161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholinergic transmission is essential for survival and reproduction, as it is involved in several physiological responses. In the auditory system, both ascending and descending auditory pathways are modulated by cholinergic transmission, affecting the perception of sounds. The auditory efferent system is a neuronal network comprised of several feedback loops, including corticofugal and brainstem pathways to the cochlear receptor. The auditory efferent system's -final and mandatory synapses that connect the brain with the cochlear receptor- involve medial olivocochlear neurons and outer hair cells. A unique cholinergic transmission mediates these synapses through α9/α10 nicotinic receptors. To study this receptor, it was generated a strain of mice carrying a null mutation of the Chrna9 gene (α9-KO mice), lacking cholinergic transmission between medial olivocochlear neurons and outer hair cells, providing a unique opportunity to study the role of medial olivocochlear cholinergic transmission in auditory and cognitive functions. In this article, we review behavioral and physiological studies carried out to research auditory efferent function in the context of audition, cognition, and hearing impairments. Auditory studies have shown that hearing thresholds in the α9-KO mice are normal, while more complex auditory functions, such as frequency selectivity and sound localization, are altered. The corticofugal pathways have been studied in α9-KO mice using behavioral tasks, evidencing a reduced capacity to suppress auditory distractors during visual selective attention. Finally, we discuss the evolutionary role of the auditory efferent system detecting vocalizations in noise and its role in auditory disorders, such as the prevention of age-related hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Munoz
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O’Higgins, Rancagua, Chile
- Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Sergio Vicencio-Jimenez
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Center for Hearing and Balance, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Pascal Jorratt
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Paul H. Delano
- Facultad de Medicina, Neuroscience Department, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Avanzado de Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica, AC3E, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina, Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Terreros
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O’Higgins, Rancagua, Chile
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248
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Costas-Ferreira C, Durán R, Faro LRF. Toxic Effects of Glyphosate on the Nervous System: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4605. [PMID: 35562999 PMCID: PMC9101768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate, a non-selective systemic biocide with broad-spectrum activity, is the most widely used herbicide in the world. It can persist in the environment for days or months, and its intensive and large-scale use can constitute a major environmental and health problem. In this systematic review, we investigate the current state of our knowledge related to the effects of this pesticide on the nervous system of various animal species and humans. The information provided indicates that exposure to glyphosate or its commercial formulations induces several neurotoxic effects. It has been shown that exposure to this pesticide during the early stages of life can seriously affect normal cell development by deregulating some of the signaling pathways involved in this process, leading to alterations in differentiation, neuronal growth, and myelination. Glyphosate also seems to exert a significant toxic effect on neurotransmission and to induce oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction, processes that lead to neuronal death due to autophagy, necrosis, or apoptosis, as well as the appearance of behavioral and motor disorders. The doses of glyphosate that produce these neurotoxic effects vary widely but are lower than the limits set by regulatory agencies. Although there are important discrepancies between the analyzed findings, it is unequivocal that exposure to glyphosate produces important alterations in the structure and function of the nervous system of humans, rodents, fish, and invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lilian R. F. Faro
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (C.C.-F.); (R.D.)
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249
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Targeting the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor in Alzheimer’s disease. Neuronal Signal 2022; 6:NS20210004. [PMID: 35571495 PMCID: PMC9069568 DOI: 10.1042/ns20210004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and despite extensive research, only a few drugs are available for management of the disease. One strategy has been to up-regulate cholinergic neurotransmission to improve cognitive function, but this approach has dose-limiting adverse effects. To avoid these adverse effects, new drugs that target specific receptor subtypes of the cholinergic system are needed, and the M1 subtype of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M1-mAChR) has been shown to be a good target for this approach. By using several strategies, M1-mAChR ligands have been developed and trialled in preclinical animal models and in human studies, with varying degrees of success. This article reviews the different approaches to targeting the M1-mAChR in AD and discusses the advantages and limitations of these strategies. The factors to consider in targeting the M1-mAChR in AD are also discussed.
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250
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Sathikumaran R, Madhuvandhi J, Priya KK, Sridevi A, Krishnamurthy R, Thilagam H. Evaluation of benzo[a]pyrene-induced toxicity in the estuarine thornfish Therapon jarbua. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:720-727. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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