201
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Mitra S, Nguyen LN, Akter M, Park G, Choi EH, Kaushik NK. Impact of ROS Generated by Chemical, Physical, and Plasma Techniques on Cancer Attenuation. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1030. [PMID: 31336648 PMCID: PMC6678366 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11071030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
For the last few decades, while significant improvements have been achieved in cancer therapy, this family of diseases is still considered one of the deadliest threats to human health. Thus, there is an urgent need to find novel strategies in order to tackle this vital medical issue. One of the most pivotal causes of cancer initiation is the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside the body. Interestingly, on the other hand, high doses of ROS possess the capability to damage malignant cells. Moreover, several important intracellular mechanisms occur during the production of ROS. For these reasons, inducing ROS inside the biological system by utilizing external physical or chemical methods is a promising approach to inhibit the growth of cancer cells. Beside conventional technologies, cold atmospheric plasmas are now receiving much attention as an emerging therapeutic tool for cancer treatment due to their unique biophysical behavior, including the ability to generate considerable amounts of ROS. This review summarizes the important mechanisms of ROS generated by chemical, physical, and plasma approaches. We also emphasize the biological effects and cancer inhibition capabilities of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Mitra
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Plasma Bio-display, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
| | - Linh Nhat Nguyen
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Plasma Bio-display, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
| | - Mahmuda Akter
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Plasma Bio-display, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
| | - Gyungsoon Park
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Plasma Bio-display, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
| | - Eun Ha Choi
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Plasma Bio-display, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea.
| | - Nagendra Kumar Kaushik
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Plasma Bio-display, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea.
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202
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Autophagosome accumulation-mediated ATP energy deprivation induced by penfluridol triggers nonapoptotic cell death of lung cancer via activating unfolded protein response. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:538. [PMID: 31308361 PMCID: PMC6629704 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1785-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer chemotherapeutic drugs mainly trigger apoptosis induction to eliminate malignant cells. However, many cancer cells are chemoresistant because of defective apoptosis induction. Targeting the autophagic pathway is currently regarded as an alternative strategy for cancer drug discovery. Penfluridol, an antipsychotic drug, has been reported to exert oncostatic effects, but the effect of penfluridol on lung cancer remains unknown. Herein, the antitumor activity of penfluridol was determined in vitro in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines using MTS, plate clonogenic, and transwell migration assays and in vivo in an orthotopic xenograft model. Flow cytometry, holotomographic microscopy, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry were employed to determine the cell-death phenotype induced by penfluridol in vitro and in vivo. Western blotting and genetic knockdown by small interfering RNA were performed to explore the underlying mechanisms involved in penfluridol-mediated cell death. We uncovered that penfluridol inhibited the viability and motility of NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo. Penfluridol induced nonapoptotic cell death by blocking autophagic flux and inducing accumulation of autophagosome-related protein, light chain 3 (LC3) B-II, in HCC827 and A549 NSCLC cells, and in an A549 orthotopic xenograft tumor model. Autophagosome accumulation-induced cell viability inhibition by penfluridol was mainly attributed to ATP energy deprivation. Moreover, we observed that patients with lung tumors expressing high LC3B had longer overall and disease-free survival times. Mechanistically, upregulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways and activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were critical for penfluridol-induced autophagosome accumulation. Our findings identify that penfluridol acts as an inducer of ER stress and p38 MAPK activation, which led to UPR-mediated nonapoptotic cell death via autophagosome accumulation-caused energy loss. Penfluridol is clinically used for schizophrenia, and our study results strongly support penfluridol as a repurposed drug for treating NSCLC.
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203
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Martínez PN, Menéndez ST, Villaronga MDLÁ, Ubelaker DH, García-Pedrero JM, C Zapico S. "The big sleep: Elucidating the sequence of events in the first hours of death to determine the postmortem interval". Sci Justice 2019; 59:418-424. [PMID: 31256813 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments on postmortem interval estimation (PMI) take an advantage of the autolysis process, pointing out to the analysis of the expression of apoptosis and autophagy genes towards this purpose. Oxidative stress plays a role in this signaling as a regulatory mechanism and/or as a consequence of cell death. Additionally, melatonin has been implicated on apoptosis and autophagy signaling, making melatonin a suitable target for PMI determination. The aim of this study was to investigate the early PMI through the analysis of the expression of autophagy genes as well as oxidative stress and melatonin receptor. Our results demonstrated a rapidly increased on the expression of autophagy genes according to the expected sequence of events, then a marked decrease in this expression, matched with the switch to the apoptosis signaling. These results revealed potential candidates to analyze the PMI in the first hours of death, helping to estimate the time-since-death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Núñez Martínez
- Departamento de Biología Funcional (Área de Fisiología), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain
| | - Sofía T Menéndez
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; CIBER de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María de Los Ángeles Villaronga
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; CIBER de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Douglas H Ubelaker
- Anthropology Department, NMNH, Smithsonian Institution, MRC 112, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Juana M García-Pedrero
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; CIBER de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara C Zapico
- Anthropology Department, NMNH, Smithsonian Institution, MRC 112, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, International Forensic Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
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204
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Wei Y, Huang J. Role of estrogen and its receptors mediated-autophagy in cell fate and human diseases. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 191:105380. [PMID: 31078693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that morbidity of several diseases varies between males and females. This difference likely arises due to sex-related hormones. Estrogen, a primary female sex steroid hormone, plays a critical role in mediating many of the physiological functions like growth, differentiation, metabolism, and cell death. Recently, it has been demonstrated that estrogen mediates autophagy through its receptors (ERs) namely ERα, ERβ, and G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER). However, the specific role of estrogen and its receptors mediated-autophagy in cell fate and human diseases such as cancers, cardiovascular disease and nervous system disease remains unclear. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the complex role of estrogen and its receptors-mediated autophagy in different cell lines and human diseases. In addition, we further discuss the key signaling molecules governing the role of ERs in autophagy. This review will serve as the basis for a proposed model of autophagy constituting a new frontier in estrogen-related human diseases. Here, we discuss the dual role of ERα in classical and non-classical autophagy through B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2)-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3). Next, we review the role of ERβ in pro-survival pathways through the promotion of autophagy under stress conditions. We further discuss activation of GPER via estrogen often mediates autophagy or mitophagy suppression, respectively. In summary, we believe that understanding the relationship between estrogen and its receptors mediated-autophagy on cell fate and human diseases will provide insightful knowledge for future therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jian Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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205
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Li L, Chen Q, Yu Y, Chen H, Lu M, Huang Y, Li P, Chang H. RKI‐1447 suppresses colorectal carcinoma cell growth via disrupting cellular bioenergetics and mitochondrial dynamics. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:254-266. [PMID: 31237697 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Li
- General Surgery Department Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Ji'nan Shandong China
- General Surgery Department Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Intensive Care First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Yaojun Yu
- General Surgery Department Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Hui Chen
- General Surgery Department Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Ji'nan Shandong China
| | - Mingdong Lu
- General Surgery Department Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Ji'nan Shandong China
| | - Yingpeng Huang
- General Surgery Department Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Ji'nan Shandong China
| | - Pihong Li
- General Surgery Department Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Ji'nan Shandong China
| | - Hong Chang
- General Surgery Department Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Ji'nan Shandong China
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206
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Cirone M, Gilardini Montani MS, Granato M, Garufi A, Faggioni A, D'Orazi G. Autophagy manipulation as a strategy for efficient anticancer therapies: possible consequences. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:262. [PMID: 31200739 PMCID: PMC6570888 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1275-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic process whose activation may help cancer cells to adapt to cellular stress although, in some instances, it can induce cell death. Autophagy stimulation or inhibition has been considered an opportunity to treat cancer, especially in combination with anticancer therapies, although autophagy manipulation may be viewed as controversial. Thus, whether to induce or to inhibit autophagy may be the best option in the different cancer patients is still matter of debate. Her we will recapitulate the possible advantages or disadvantages of manipulating autophagy in cancer, not only with the aim to obtain cancer cell death and disable oncogenes, but also to evaluate its interplay with the immune response which is fundamental for the success of anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy. .,Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Saveria Gilardini Montani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Marisa Granato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Garufi
- Department of Medical Science, University 'G. D'Annunzio', 66013, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Research, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Faggioni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella D'Orazi
- Department of Medical Science, University 'G. D'Annunzio', 66013, Chieti, Italy. .,Department of Research, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy.
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207
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Ferro F, Servais S, Besson P, Roger S, Dumas JF, Brisson L. Autophagy and mitophagy in cancer metabolic remodelling. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 98:129-138. [PMID: 31154012 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming in tumours is now recognized as a hallmark of cancer, participating both in tumour growth and cancer progression. Cancer cells develop global metabolic adaptations allowing them to survive in the low oxygen and nutrient tumour microenvironment. Among these metabolic adaptations, cancer cells use glycolysis but also mitochondrial oxidations to produce ATP and building blocks needed for their high proliferation rate. Another particular adaptation of cancer cell metabolism is the use of autophagy and specific forms of autophagy like mitophagy to recycle intracellular components in condition of metabolic stress or during anticancer treatments. The plasticity of cancer cell metabolism is a major limitation of anticancer treatments and could participate to therapy resistances. The aim of this review is to report recent advances in the understanding of the relationship between tumour metabolism and autophagy/mitophagy in order to propose new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ferro
- Université de Tours, Inserm, UMR1069 Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours, France
| | - Stéphane Servais
- Université de Tours, Inserm, UMR1069 Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours, France
| | - Pierre Besson
- Université de Tours, Inserm, UMR1069 Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours, France
| | - Sébastien Roger
- Université de Tours, EA4245 Transplantation, Immunologie et Inflammation, Tours, France
| | - Jean-François Dumas
- Université de Tours, Inserm, UMR1069 Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours, France
| | - Lucie Brisson
- Université de Tours, Inserm, UMR1069 Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours, France.
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208
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Cui J, Zhou Z, Yang H, Jiao F, Li N, Gao Y, Wang L, Chen J, Quan M. MST1 Suppresses Pancreatic Cancer Progression via ROS-Induced Pyroptosis. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:1316-1325. [PMID: 30796177 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a deadly disease, and its incidence is increasing annually. It is critical to reveal and delineate the molecular mechanism promoting PDAC development and progression. Mammalian STE20-like kinase 1 (MST1) is a proapoptotic cytoplasmic kinase and also one of the core components of the Hippo pathway. Here, we showed that MST1 expression was decreased in PDAC, and restored expression of MST1 promoted PDAC cell death and suppressed the proliferation, migration, invasion, and cell spheroid formation of PDAC via caspase-1-induced pyroptosis. Further studies demonstrated that pyroptosis induced by MST1 was independent of the Hippo pathway, but mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). And ROS scavenger N-acetyl-cysteine attenuated the activation of caspase-1 induced by MST1 and the effect of MST1 in PDAC cell death, proliferation, migration, and invasion. Collectively, our study demonstrated that MST1 suppressed the progression of PDAC cells at least partly through ROS-induced pyroptosis. IMPLICATIONS: In this study, we identified a new mechanism of MST1 in inhibiting PDAC development and progression and revealed that MST1 would be a potential prognostic and therapeutic target for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiujie Cui
- Department of Medical Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuqing Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Jiao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Oncology, First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Oncology and Tumor Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingde Chen
- Department of Oncology and Tumor Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Quan
- Department of Oncology and Tumor Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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209
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p53 at the Crossroads between Different Types of HDAC Inhibitor-Mediated Cancer Cell Death. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102415. [PMID: 31096697 PMCID: PMC6567317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex genetic and epigenetic-based disease that has developed an armada of mechanisms to escape cell death. The deregulation of apoptosis and autophagy, which are basic processes essential for normal cellular activity, are commonly encountered during the development of human tumors. In order to assist the cancer cell in defeating the imbalance between cell growth and cell death, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have been employed to reverse epigenetically deregulated gene expression caused by aberrant post-translational protein modifications. These interfere with histone acetyltransferase- and deacetylase-mediated acetylation of both histone and non-histone proteins, and thereby exert a wide array of HDACi-stimulated cytotoxic effects. Key determinants of HDACi lethality that interfere with cellular growth in a multitude of tumor cells are apoptosis and autophagy, which are either mutually exclusive or activated in combination. Here, we compile known molecular signals and pathways involved in the HDACi-triggered induction of apoptosis and autophagy. Currently, the factors that determine the mode of HDACi-elicited cell death are mostly unclear. Correspondingly, we also summarized as yet established intertwined mechanisms, in particular with respect to the oncogenic tumor suppressor protein p53, that drive the interplay between apoptosis and autophagy in response to HDACi. In this context, we also note the significance to determine the presence of functional p53 protein levels in the cancer cell. The confirmation of the context-dependent function of autophagy will pave the way to improve the benefit from HDACi-mediated cancer treatment.
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210
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Mitophagy and Oxidative Stress in Cancer and Aging: Focus on Sirtuins and Nanomaterials. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6387357. [PMID: 31210843 PMCID: PMC6532280 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6387357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the cellular center of energy production and of several important metabolic processes. Mitochondrion health is maintained with a substantial intervention of mitophagy, a process of macroautophagy that degrades selectively dysfunctional and irreversibly damaged organelles. Because of its crucial duty, alteration in mitophagy can cause functional and structural adjustment in the mitochondria, changes in energy production, loss of cellular adaptation, and cell death. In this review, we discuss the dual role that mitophagy plays in cancer and age-related pathologies, as a consequence of oxidative stress, evidencing the triggering stimuli and mechanisms and suggesting the molecular targets for its therapeutic control. Finally, a section has been dedicated to the interplay between mitophagy and therapies using nanoparticles that are the new frontier for a direct and less invasive strategy.
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211
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Kyuno D, Zhao K, Schnölzer M, Provaznik J, Hackert T, Zöller M. Claudin7-dependent exosome-promoted reprogramming of nonmetastasizing tumor cells. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:2182-2200. [PMID: 30945750 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Claudin7 (cld7) is a cancer-initiating cell (CIC) marker in gastrointestinal tumors, a cld7-knockdown (kd) being accompanied by loss of tumor progression. Tumor exosomes (TEX) restoring CIC activities, we explored the contribution of cld7. This became particularly interesting, as tight junction (TJ)- and glycolipid-enriched membrane domain (GEM)-derived cld7 is recruited into distinct TEX. TEXs were derived from CIC or cld7kd cells of a rat pancreatic and a human colon cancer line. TEX derived from pancreatic cancer cld7kd cells rescued with palmitoylation site-deficient cld7 (cld7mP) allowed selectively evaluating the contribution of GEM-derived TEX, only palmitoylated cld7 being integrated into GEM. Cld7 CIC-TEX promoted tumor cell dissemination and metastatic growth without a major impact on proliferation, apoptosis resistance and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Instead, migration, invasion and (lymph)angiogenesis were strongly supported, only migration being selectively fostered by GEM-derived cld7 TEX. CIC-TEX coculture of cld7kd cells uncovered significant changes in the cld7kd cell protein and miRNA profiles. However, changes did not correspond to the CIC-TEX profile, CIC-TEX rather initiating integrin, protease and RTK, particularly lymphangiogenic receptor activation. CIC-TEX preferentially rescuing cld7kd-associated defects in signal transduction was backed up by an RTK inhibitor neutralizing the impact of CIC-TEX on tumor progression. In conclusion, cld7 contributes to selective steps of the metastatic cascade. Defects of cld7kd and cld7mP cells in migration, invasion and (lymph)angiogenesis are effaced by CIC-TEX that act by signaling cascade activation. Accordingly, RTK inhibitors are an efficient therapeutic defeating CIC-TEX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kyuno
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology and Science, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kun Zhao
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Schnölzer
- Functional Proteome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Thilo Hackert
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Margot Zöller
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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212
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Zhang T, Zhu X, Wu H, Jiang K, Zhao G, Shaukat A, Deng G, Qiu C. Targeting the ROS/PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α/HK2 axis of breast cancer cells: Combined administration of Polydatin and 2-Deoxy-d-glucose. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:3711-3723. [PMID: 30920152 PMCID: PMC6484306 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that cancer cells depend upon aerobic glycolysis to provide the energy they need to survive and proliferate. However, anti-glycolytic agents have yielded few positive results in human patients, in part due to dose-limiting side effects. Here, we discovered the unexpected anti-cancer efficacy of Polydatin (PD) combined with 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), which is a compound that inhibits glycolysis. We demonstrated in two breast cell lines (MCF-7 and 4T1) that combination treatment with PD and 2-DG induced cell apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Furthermore, we determined the mechanism of PD in synergy with 2-DG, which decreased the intracellular reactive oxygen (ROS) levels and suppressed the PI3K/AKT pathway. In addition, the combined treatment inhibited the glycolytic phenotype through reducing the expression of HK2. HK2 deletion in breast cancer cells thus improved the anti-cancer activity of 2-DG. The combination treatment also resulted in significant tumour regression in the absence of significant morphologic changes in the heart, liver or kidney in vivo. In summary, our study demonstrates that PD synergised with 2-DG to enhance its anti-cancer efficacy by inhibiting the ROS/PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α/HK2 signalling axis, providing a potential anti-cancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary MedicineCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xinying Zhu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary MedicineCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Haichong Wu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary MedicineCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Kangfeng Jiang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary MedicineCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Gan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary MedicineCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Aftab Shaukat
- Department of Clinical Veterinary MedicineCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ganzhen Deng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary MedicineCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Changwei Qiu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary MedicineCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
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213
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S-nitrosylation of the Peroxiredoxin-2 promotes S-nitrosoglutathione-mediated lung cancer cells apoptosis via AMPK-SIRT1 pathway. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:329. [PMID: 30988280 PMCID: PMC6465399 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1561-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein S-nitrosylation, the redox-based posttranslational modification of a cysteine thiol by the attachment of a nitric oxide (NO) group, is responsible for a variety of signaling effects. Dysregulation of S-nitrosylation may be directly linked to cancer apoptotic resistance and cancer therapy outcomes, emphasizing the importance of S-nitrosylation in cancer. Peroxiredoxin-2 (Prdx2), an antioxidant enzyme, plays an important role in the protection of cancer cells from oxidative radical damage caused by hydrogen dioxide (H2O2), which is a potential target for cancer therapy. Our studies showed that, as an endogenous NO carrier, S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) induced apoptosis in lung cancer cells via nitrosylating Prdx2. The nitrosylation of Prdx2 at Cys51 and Cys172 sites disrupted the formation of Prdx2 dimer and repressed the Prdx2 antioxidant activity, causing the accumulation of endogenous H2O2. H2O2 activated AMPK, which then phosphorylated SIRT1 and inhibited its deacetylation activity toward p53 in A549 cells or FOXO1 in NCI-H1299 cells. Taken together, our results elucidate the roles and mechanisms of Prdx2 S-nitrosylation at Cys51 and Cys172 sites in lung cancer cells apoptosis and this finding provides an effective lung cancer treatment strategy for managing aberrant Prdx2 activity in lung cancers.
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214
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Zhong G, Long H, Ma S, Shunhan Y, Li J, Yao J. miRNA-335-5p relieves chondrocyte inflammation by activating autophagy in osteoarthritis. Life Sci 2019; 226:164-172. [PMID: 30970265 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic and degenerative joint disease prevalent in the elderly, which is characterized by hypertrophy and reactive hyperplasia of articular cartilage. Autophagy has been reported to inhibit inflammation and reduce chondrocyte apoptosis in OA. As the microRNA (miRNA)-335-5p has been linked to both inflammation and autophagy, this study aimed to investigate its potential role in regulating autophagy during the pathogenesis of OA. MAIN METHODS Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect miRNA-335-5p expression in normal and OA human chondrocytes. Following transfection of human OA chondrocytes with double-stranded miRNA-335-5p mimic/inhibitor, qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence were used to determine expression levels of the inflammatory mediators IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, and the autophagic markers Beclin-1, autophagy-related protein 5 (ATG5), and ATG7. The autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) was used to link the anti-inflammatory effects of miRNA-335-5p to autophagy. KEY FINDINGS The expression of miRNA-335-5p was significantly lower in OA chondrocytes than in normal chondrocytes. Transfection of human OA chondrocytes with the miRNA-335-5p mimic led to a remarkable increase in viability, a significant increase in autophagy-related factors, and a reduction in inflammatory mediators. Importantly, treatment of miRNA-335-5p-overexpressing OA chondrocytes with the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA restored the expression of inflammatory mediators. SIGNIFICANCE We conclude that miRNA-335-5p can significantly alleviate inflammation in human OA chondrocytes by activating autophagy. Therefore, miRNA-335-5p has potential for future use in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhong
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021 Nanning, China; Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021 Nanning, China.
| | - Huiping Long
- Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, China
| | - Shiting Ma
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021 Nanning, China; Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021 Nanning, China
| | - Yao Shunhan
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021 Nanning, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021 Nanning, China.
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021 Nanning, China; Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021 Nanning, China.
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215
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Guo X, Noguchi H, Ishii N, Homma T, Hamada T, Hiraki T, Zhang J, Matsuo K, Yokoyama S, Ishibashi H, Fukushige T, Kanekura T, Fujii J, Uramoto H, Tanimoto A, Yamada S. The Association of Peroxiredoxin 4 with the Initiation and Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:1271-1284. [PMID: 29687726 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Peroxiredoxin 4 (PRDX4) is a member of the peroxiredoxin family of antioxidant enzymes. Previously, we reported that PRDX4 can restrain the initiation and progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by reducing local and systemic reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Oxidative stress is recognized as a key factor in hepatocarcinogenesis, and a high ROS level has also been found in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, our aim is to investigate roles of PRDX4 in the initiation and progression of HCC. RESULTS In this study, for hepatocarcinogenesis, wild-type (WT), PRDX4 knockout (PRDX4-/y), and human PRDX4 transgenic (hPRDX4+/+) mice were given a weekly intraperitoneal injection of diethylnitrosamine for 25 weeks. The HCC incidence was higher in PRDX4-/y mice than in WT or hPRDX4+/+ mice. Intrahepatic and circulating oxidative stress and inflammatory cell infiltration in the liver were obviously decreased in hPRDX4+/+ mice, compared with WT mice. Furthermore, in our cohort study, human HCC specimens with low expression of PRDX4 had higher ROS levels and a highly malignant phenotype, which was associated with a reduced overall survival, compared with those with high PRDX4 expression. However, in human HCC cell lines, PRDX4 knockdown led to a rapidly increased intracellular ROS level and suppressed cell proliferation, inducing cell death. Innovation and Conclusion: Our results clearly indicate that PRDX4 has an inhibitory effect in the initiation of HCC, but a dual (inhibitory or promoting) role in the progression of HCC, suggesting the potential utility of PRDX4 activators or inhibitors as therapy for different stages and phenotypes of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Guo
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.,2 Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,3 Department of Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Noguchi
- 4 Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Naoki Ishii
- 5 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Takujiro Homma
- 5 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Taiji Hamada
- 3 Department of Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Hiraki
- 3 Department of Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Jing Zhang
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kei Matsuo
- 3 Department of Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Seiya Yokoyama
- 3 Department of Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ishibashi
- 6 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tomoko Fukushige
- 7 Department of Dermatology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takuro Kanekura
- 7 Department of Dermatology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Junichi Fujii
- 5 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Uramoto
- 8 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Akihide Tanimoto
- 3 Department of Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Sohsuke Yamada
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.,3 Department of Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
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Ren Z, Liang J, Zhang P, Chen J, Wen J. Inhibition of human glioblastoma cell invasion involves PION@E6 mediated autophagy process. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:2643-2652. [PMID: 31015768 PMCID: PMC6446987 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s200151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most severe brain cancer due to its ability to invade surrounding brain tissue. Iron oxide nanoparticles (ION) could effectively induce a decrease of cell migration/invasion. Also IONs could generate ROS stress which induces autophagy elevation. Autophagy is associated with both anti-tumorigenesis and protumorigenesis. Objective To explore the effect of PEGylated IONs (PION@E6) on the GBM cell invasion and its mechanism based on autophagy. Materials and methods PION@E6 were prepared and characterized according to our previous study. After incubation of U251 cells with PION@E6, cellular uptake of PION@E6 and cell viability were tested by Prussian blue staining and Cell Counting Kit-8, respectively. The migration and invasive capability was assessed by transwell cell migration and invasion assay. Expressions of autophagy biomarkers were detected by Western blotting. Intracellular ROS level was determined using 2′–7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. Results Average hydrate particle size and zeta potential of PION@E6 were 37.86±12.90 nm and –23.8 mV, respectively, and uniformly distributed nanoparticles with an average diameter of 10 nm were observed by TEM. Chlorin e6 successfully incorporated onto PION@E6 was demonstrated by ultraviolet and visible absorption spectrophotometry, and PION@E6 owning excellent water solubility and stability were showed by Colloid stability test. PION@E6 were successfully taken up by U251 cells with Prussian blue staining, and they showed in vitro cytotoxicity to glioma cells after long incubation of 72 hours. Migration/invasion of cells was significantly inhibited by PION@E6, which could be counteracted by pretreatment with 3-MA. Additionally, the expression of beclin-1, IC3I, and IC3II proteins was higher, whereas that of p62 protein was lower. Moreover, a dose dependent intracellular ROS generation of PION@E6 was detected. Conclusion Invasiveness of human GBM cells involves the PION@E6-mediated autophagy process, which may be related to the intracellular ROS induced by PION@E6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Ren
- Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guangxi, People's Republic of China,
| | - Jing Liang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guangxi, People's Republic of China,
| | - Peng Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guangxi, People's Republic of China,
| | - Jianjiao Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guangxi, People's Republic of China,
| | - Jian Wen
- Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guangxi, People's Republic of China,
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217
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Gwangwa MV, Joubert AM, Visagie MH. Effects of glutamine deprivation on oxidative stress and cell survival in breast cell lines. Biol Res 2019; 52:15. [PMID: 30917872 PMCID: PMC6437944 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-019-0224-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumourigenic cells modify metabolic pathways in order to facilitate increased proliferation and cell survival resulting in glucose- and glutamine addiction. Previous research indicated that glutamine deprivation resulted in potential differential activity targeting tumourigenic cells more prominently. This is ascribed to tumourigenic cells utilising increased glutamine quantities for enhanced glycolysis- and glutaminolysis. In this study, the effects exerted by glutamine deprivation on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane potential, cell proliferation and cell death in breast tumourigenic cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, BT-20) and a non-tumourigenic breast cell line (MCF-10A) were investigated. Results Spectrophotometry demonstrated that glutamine deprivation resulted in decreased cell growth in a time-dependent manner. MCF-7 cell growth was decreased to 61% after 96 h of glutamine deprivation; MDA-MB-231 cell growth was decreased to 78% cell growth after 96 h of glutamine deprivation, MCF-10A cell growth was decreased 89% after 96 h of glutamine deprivation and BT-20 cell growth decreased to 86% after 24 h of glutamine deprivation and remained unchanged until 96 h of glutamine deprivation. Glutamine deprivation resulted in oxidative stress where superoxide levels were significantly elevated after 96 h in the MCF-7- and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Time-dependent production of hydrogen peroxide was accompanied by aberrant mitochondrial membrane potential. The effects of ROS and mitochondrial membrane potential were more prominently observed in the MCF-7 cell line when compared to the MDA-MB-231-, MCF-10A- and BT-20 cell lines. Cell cycle progression revealed that glutamine deprivation resulted in a significant increase in the S-phase after 72 h of glutamine deprivation in the MCF-7 cell line. Apoptosis induction resulted in a decrease in viable cells in all cell lines following glutamine deprivation. In the MCF-7 cells, 87.61% of viable cells were present after 24 h of glutamine deprivation. Conclusion This study demonstrates that glutamine deprivation resulted in decreased cell proliferation, time-dependent- and cell line-dependent ROS generation, aberrant mitochondrial membrane potential and disrupted cell cycle progression. In addition, the estrogen receptor positive MCF-7 cell line was more prominently affected. This study contributes to knowledge regarding the sensitivity of breast cancer cells and non-tumorigenic cells to glutamine deprivation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40659-019-0224-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mokgadi Violet Gwangwa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia, Pretoria, 0007, South Africa
| | - Anna Margaretha Joubert
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia, Pretoria, 0007, South Africa
| | - Michelle Helen Visagie
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia, Pretoria, 0007, South Africa.
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218
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Exogenous GDF11 attenuates non-canonical TGF-β signaling to protect the heart from acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Basic Res Cardiol 2019; 114:20. [PMID: 30900023 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-019-0728-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) is a member of the transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) superfamily that reverses age-related cardiac hypertrophy, improves muscle regeneration and angiogenesis, and maintains progenitor cells in injured tissue. Recently, targeted myocardial delivery of the GDF11 gene in aged mice was found to reduce heart failure and enhance the proliferation of cardiac progenitor cells after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I-R). No investigations have as yet explored the cardioprotective effect of exogenous recombinant GDF11 in acute I-R injury, despite the convenience of its clinical application. We sought to determine whether exogenous recombinant GDF11 protects against acute myocardial I-R injury and investigate the underlying mechanism in Sprague-Dawley rats. We found that GDF11 reduced arrhythmia severity and successfully attenuated myocardial infarction; GDF11 also increased cardiac function after I-R, enhanced HO-1 expression and decreased oxidative damage. GDF11 activated the canonical TGF-β signaling pathway and inactivated the non-canonical pathways, ERK and JNK signaling pathways. Moreover, administration of GDF11 prior to reperfusion protected the heart from reperfusion damage. Notably, pretreatment with the activin-binding protein, follistatin (FST), inhibited the cardioprotective effects of GDF11 by blocking its activation of Smad2/3 signaling and its inactivation of detrimental TGF-β signaling. Our data suggest that exogenous GDF11 has cardioprotective effects and may have morphologic and functional recovery in the early stage of myocardial I-R injury. GDF11 may be an innovative therapeutic approach for reducing myocardial I-R injury.
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219
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Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari M, Mohammadzadeh A, Adib A, Darband SG, Sadighparvar S, Mihanfar A, Majidinia M, Yousefi B. Melatonin-mediated regulation of autophagy: Making sense of double-edged sword in cancer. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:17011-17022. [PMID: 30859580 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Much research has been conducted to discover novel techniques to reverse the process of tumorigenesis and, cure already stablished malignancies. One well-stablished approach has been the use of organic compounds and naturally found agents such as melatonin whose anticancer effects have been shown in multiple studies, signaling a unique opportunity regarding cancer prevention and treatment. Various agents use a variety of methods to exert their anticancer effects. Two of the most important of these methods are interfering with cell signaling pathways and changing cellular functions, such as autophagy, which is essential in maintaining cellular stability against multiple exogenous and endogenous sources of stress, and is a major tool to evade early cell death. In this study, the importance of melatonin and autophagy are discussed, and the effects of melatonin on autophagy, and its contribution in the process of tumorigenesis are then noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Mohammadzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Adib
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saber Ghazizadeh Darband
- Danesh Pey Hadi Co., Health Technology Development Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Shirin Sadighparvar
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ainaz Mihanfar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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220
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Regulatory roles of miR-22/Redd1-mediated mitochondrial ROS and cellular autophagy in ionizing radiation-induced BMSC injury. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:227. [PMID: 30846680 PMCID: PMC6405932 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1373-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) response has been extensively investigated in BMSCs with an increasing consensus that this type of cells showed relative radiosensitivity in vitro analysis. However, the underlying mechanism of IR-induced injury of BMSCs has not been elucidated. In current study, the regulatory role of miR-22/Redd1 pathway-mediated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cellular autophagy in IR-induced apoptosis of BMSCs was determined. IR facilitated the generation and accumulation of mitochondrial ROS, which promoted IR-induced apoptosis in BMSCs; meanwhile, cellular autophagy activated by IR hold a prohibitive role on the apoptosis program. The expression of miR-22 significantly increased in BMSCs after IR exposure within 24 h. Overexpression of miR-22 evidently accelerated IR-induced accumulation of mitochondrial ROS, whereas attenuated IR stimulated cellular autophagy, thus advancing cellular apoptosis. Furthermore, we verified Redd1 as a novel target for miR-22 in rat genome. Redd1 overexpression attenuated the regulatory role of miR-22 on mitochondrial ROS generation and alleviated the inhibitive role of miR-22 on cell autophagy activated by IR, thus protecting BMSCs from miR-22-mediated cell injury induced by IR exposure. These results confirmed the role of miR-22/Redd1 pathway in the regulation of IR-induced mitochondrial ROS and cellular autophagy, and subsequent cellular apoptosis.
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221
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Zhai N, Liu K, Li H, Liu Z, Wang H, Korolchuk VI, Carroll B, Pan C, Gan F, Huang K, Chen X. PCV2 replication promoted by oxidative stress is dependent on the regulation of autophagy on apoptosis. Vet Res 2019; 50:19. [PMID: 30836990 PMCID: PMC6399867 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0637-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is an economically important swine pathogen but some extra trigger factors are required for the development of PCV2-associated diseases. By evaluating cap protein expression, viral DNA copies and the number of infected cells, the present study further confirmed that oxidative stress can promote PCV2 replication. The results showed that oxidative stress induced autophagy in PCV2-infected PK15 cells. Blocking autophagy with inhibitor 3-methyladenine or ATG5-specific siRNA significantly inhibited oxidative stress-promoted PCV2 replication. Importantly, autophagy inhibition significantly increased apoptosis in oxidative stress-treated PK15 cells. Suppression of apoptosis by benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp fluoromethylketone in conditions of autophagy inhibition restored PCV2 replication. Taken together, autophagy protected host cells against potential apoptosis and then contributed to PCV2 replication promotion caused by oxidative stress. Our findings can partly explain the pathogenic mechanism of PCV2 related to the oxidative stress-induced autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianhui Zhai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kai Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zixuan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Viktor I Korolchuk
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Bernadette Carroll
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK.,School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Cuiling Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fang Gan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kehe Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xingxiang Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Turcios L, Chacon E, Garcia C, Eman P, Cornea V, Jiang J, Spear B, Liu C, Watt DS, Marti F, Gedaly R. Autophagic flux modulation by Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibition in hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212538. [PMID: 30794613 PMCID: PMC6386480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy targets cellular components for lysosomal-dependent degradation in which the products of degradation may be recycled for protein synthesis and utilized for energy production. Autophagy also plays a critical role in cell homeostasis and the regulation of many physiological and pathological processes and prompts this investigation of new agents to effect abnormal autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). 2,5-Dichloro-N-(2-methyl-4-nitrophenyl) benzenesulfonamide (FH535) is a synthetic inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway that exhibits anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic effects on different types of cancer cells. The combination of FH535 with sorafenib promotes a synergistic inhibition of HCC and liver cancer stem cell proliferation, mediated in part by the simultaneous disruption of mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis. We demonstrated that FH535 decreased HCC tumor progression in a mouse xenograft model. For the first time, we showed the inhibitory effect of an FH535 derivative, FH535-N, alone and in combination with sorafenib on HCC cell proliferation. Our study revealed the contributing effect of Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibition by FH535 and its derivative (FH535-N) through disruption of the autophagic flux in HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Turcios
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Eduardo Chacon
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Catherine Garcia
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Pedro Eman
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Virgilius Cornea
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Jieyun Jiang
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Brett Spear
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Chunming Liu
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - David S. Watt
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Francesc Marti
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Roberto Gedaly
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
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Jang HH, Park SB, Hong JS, Lee HL, Song YH, Kim J, Jung YH, Kim C, Kim DM, Lee SE, Jeong YI, Kang DH. Piperlongumine-Eluting Gastrointestinal Stent Using Reactive Oxygen Species-Sensitive Nanofiber Mats for Inhibition of Cholangiocarcinoma Cells. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2019; 14:58. [PMID: 30778693 PMCID: PMC6379506 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-019-2887-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to fabricate drug-eluting gastrointestinal (GI) stent using reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive nanofiber mats for treatment of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cell. A ROS-producing agent, piperlongumine (PL)-incorporated nanofiber mats were investigated for drug-eluting stent (DES) application. METHODS Selenocystamine-conjugated methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (MePEG) was conjugated with poly(L-lactide) (PLA) to produce block copolymer (LEse block copolymer). Various ratios of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and LEse block copolymer were dissolved in organic solvent with PL, and then nanofiber mats were fabricated by electro-spinning techniques. RESULTS The higher amount of LEse in the blend of PCL/LEse resulted in the formation of granules while PCL alone showed fine nanofiber structure. Nanofiber mats composed of PCL/LEse polymer blend showed ROS-sensitive drug release, i.e., PL release rate from nanofiber mats was accelerated in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) while nanofiber mats of PCL alone have small changes in drug release rate, indicating that PL-incorporated nanofiber membranes have ROS responsiveness. PL itself and PL released from nanofiber mats showed almost similar anticancer activity against various CCA cells. Furthermore, PL released from nanofiber mats properly produced ROS generation and induced apoptosis of CCA cells as well as PL itself. In HuCC-T1 cell-bearing mice, PL-incorporated nanofiber mats showed improvement in anticancer activity. CONCLUSION PL-incorporated ROS-sensitive nanofiber mats were coated onto GI stent and showed improved anticancer activity with ROS responsiveness. We suggested PL-incorporated ROS-sensitive nanofiber mats as a promising candidate for local treatment of CCA cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Ha Jang
- School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612 South Korea
| | - Su Bum Park
- Research Institute of Convergence of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612 South Korea
| | - Jeong Sup Hong
- Division of Animal Care, Yonam College, Cheonan, Chungnam 31005 South Korea
| | - Hye Lim Lee
- Research Institute of Convergence of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612 South Korea
| | - Yeon Hui Song
- Research Institute of Convergence of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612 South Korea
| | - Jungsoo Kim
- Research Institute of Convergence of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612 South Korea
| | - Yun Hye Jung
- Research Institute of Convergence of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612 South Korea
| | - Chan Kim
- Amotech Co. Ltd, Incheon, Gyeonggi-do South Korea
| | - Doo-Man Kim
- Department of Photonics Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186 South Korea
| | - Sang Eun Lee
- Research Institute of Convergence of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612 South Korea
| | - Young-Il Jeong
- Research Institute of Convergence of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612 South Korea
| | - Dae Hwan Kang
- School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612 South Korea
- Research Institute of Convergence of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612 South Korea
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A Hybrid Nanoplatform of Graphene Oxide/Nanogold for Plasmonic Sensing and Cellular Applications at the Nanobiointerface. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9040676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, nanocomposites of spherical gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were fabricated by a simple one-step reduction method. The characterisation by UV-visible spectroscopy of the plasmonic sensing properties pointed out to a strong interaction between graphene and metal nanoparticles in the hybrid GO-AuNP, as confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance. Moreover, atomic force microscopy analyses demonstrated that the gold nanoparticles were mostly confined to the basal planes of the GO sheets. The response of the nanoassemblies at the biointerface with human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line was investigated in terms of nanotoxicity as well as of total and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production. Confocal microscopy imaging of cellular internalization highlighted the promising potentialities of GO-AuNP nanoplatforms for theranostic (i.e., sensing/imaging + therapy) applications.
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Proteomic characterization of early lung response to breast cancer metastasis in mice. Exp Mol Pathol 2019; 107:129-140. [PMID: 30763573 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The tumor-promoting rearrangement of the lungs facilitates the process of cancer cell survival in a foreign microenvironment and enables their protection against immune defense. The study aimed to define the fingerprint of the early rearrangement of the lungs via the proteomic profiling of the lung tissue in the experimental model of tumor metastasis in a murine 4T1 mammary adenocarcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS The studies were performed on 7-8-week-old BALB/c female mice. Viable 4T1 cancer cells were orthotopically inoculated into the right mammary fat pad. The experiment was performed in the early phase of the tumor metastasis one and two weeks after cancer cell inoculation. The comparative analysis of protein profiles was carried out with the aid of the two-dimensional difference in gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE). Proteins, of which expression differed significantly, were identified using nano-liquid chromatography coupled to a high-resolution mass spectrometry (nanoLC/hybrid ion trap- Orbitrap XL Discovery). RESULTS Palpable primary tumors were noted in the 2nd week after cancer cell inoculation. The investigated period preceded the formation of numerous macrometastases in the lungs, however the metastasis-promoting changes were visible very early. Primary tumor-induced inflammation developed in the lungs as early as after the 1st week and progressed during the 2nd week, accompanied by increased concentration of 2-OH-E+, an oxidative stress marker, and imbalance in nitric oxide metabolites, pointing to endothelium dysfunction. The early proteomic changes in the lungs in the 1st week after 4T1 cell inoculation resulted in the reorganization of lung tissue structure [actin, cytoplasmic 1 (Actb), tubulin beta chain (Tubb5), lamin-B1 (Lmnb1), serine protease inhibitor A3K (Serpina3k)] and activation of defense mechanisms [selenium-binding protein 1 (Selenbp1), endoplasmin (Hsp90b1), stress 70 protein, mitochondrial (Hspa9), heat shock protein HSP 90-beta (Hsp90ab1)], but also modifications in metabolic pathways [glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase X (G6pdx), ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial (Atp5b), L-lactate dehydrogenase B chain (Ldhb)]. Further development of the solid tumor after the 2nd week following cancer cell inoculation, secretion of prolific tumor-derived factors as well as the presence of the increasing number of circulating cancer cells and extravasation processes further impose reorganization of the lung tissue [Actb, vimentin (Vim), clathrin light chain A (Clta)], altering additional metabolic pathways [annexin A5 (Anxa5), Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor 2 (Arhgdib), complement 1 Q subcomponent-binding protein, mitochondrial (C1qbp), 14-3-3 protein zeta/delta (Ywhaz), peroxiredoxin-6 (Prdx6), chitinase-like protein 4 (Chi3l4), reticulocalbin-1 (Rcn1), EF-hand domain-containing protein D2 (Efhd2), calumenin (Calu)]. Interestingly, many of differentially expressed proteins were involved in calcium homeostasis (Rcn1, Efhd2, Calu, Actb, Vim, Lmnb1, Clta, Tubb5, Serpina3k, Hsp90b1, Hsp90ab1, Hspa9. G6pdx, Atp5b, Anxa5, Arhgdib, Ywhaz). CONCLUSION The analysis enabled revealing the importance of calcium signaling during the early phase of metastasis development, early cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix reorganization, activation of defense mechanisms and metabolic adaptations. It seems that the tissue response is an interplay between pro- and anti-metastatic mechanisms accompanied by inflammation, oxidative stress and dysfunction of the barrier endothelial cells.
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Condello M, Pellegrini E, Caraglia M, Meschini S. Targeting Autophagy to Overcome Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E725. [PMID: 30744021 PMCID: PMC6387456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular process, through which damaged organelles and superfluous proteins are degraded, for maintaining the correct cellular balance during stress insult. It involves formation of double-membrane vesicles, named autophagosomes, that capture cytosolic cargo and deliver it to lysosomes, where the breakdown products are recycled back to cytoplasm. On the basis of degraded cell components, some selective types of autophagy can be identified (mitophagy, ribophagy, reticulophagy, lysophagy, pexophagy, lipophagy, and glycophagy). Dysregulation of autophagy can induce various disease manifestations, such as inflammation, aging, metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. The understanding of the molecular mechanism that regulates the different phases of the autophagic process and the role in the development of diseases are only in an early stage. There are still questions that must be answered concerning the functions of the autophagy-related proteins. In this review, we describe the principal cellular and molecular autophagic functions, selective types of autophagy and the main in vitro methods to detect the role of autophagy in the cellular physiology. We also summarize the importance of the autophagic behavior in some diseases to provide a novel insight for target therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Condello
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Evelin Pellegrini
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Stefania Meschini
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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The role of chamaejasmine in cellular apoptosis and autophagy in MG-63 cells. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181707. [PMID: 30463909 PMCID: PMC6331667 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant neoplasm in children and adolescents with a very high propensity for local invasion and poor response to current therapy. Anti-cancer effect of chamaejasmine is newly discovered from Stellera chamaejasmine L. Our study focuses on investigating the effect of chamaejasmine on the cellular apoptosis, proliferation, autophagy, and the underlying mechanisms in MG-63. Methods: Our study investigated the concentration of chamaejasmine in MG-63 cells by MTT and verified that chamaejasmine inhibited cell invasion by transwell. We also used Hoechst staining as well as apoptotic associated-proteins in MG-63 cells. Meanwhile, we also detected the lysophagesome and autophagsome by Lysotracker. Adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) knockdown was performed with siRNA. Results: Our results show that chamaejasmine exerts cellular growth inhibition, pro-apoptotic and pro-autophagic effect via activating AMPK in MG-63 cells. Furthermore, chamaejasmine significantly increases autophagic cell via the inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and activation of AMPK signaling pathways. Administrated with chamaejasmine also induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, indicating cross-talking between these two primary modes of programmed cell death. Conclusion: Our results show that chamaejasmine promotes apoptosis and autophagy by activating AMPK/mTOR signaling pathways with involvement of ROS in MG-63 cells. Chamaejasmine is a promising anti-cancer agent in OS treatment, and further studies are needed to confirm its efficacy and safety in vivo or other cancer cells.
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You Y, Bi FF, Jiang Y, Xu YT, An YY, Li D, Yang Q. BRCA1 affects the resistance and stemness of SKOV3-derived ovarian cancer stem cells by regulating autophagy. Cancer Med 2019; 8:656-668. [PMID: 30636383 PMCID: PMC6382722 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) and autophagy both play a significant role in drug resistance. However, little is known about the dynamic cross talk between BRCA1 and autophagy in the regulation of drug sensitivity. Here, we investigated the drug resistance-associated regulation of BRCA1 in epithelial ovarian cancer stem cells (EOCSCs). The results indicated that BRCA1 could regulate drug resistance in EOCSCs. Autophagy played a significant role in the stemness maintenance and was a key mechanism underlying the survival against chemotherapy in EOCSCs. Further investigation found that BRCA1 could regulate drug resistance of EOCSCs through autophagy. Meanwhile, changes in the level of autophagy provided feedback regarding the expression of BRCA1. Inhibition of autophagy activity could effectively reduce the resistance of EOCSCs caused by BRCA1. In addition, BRCA1 was able to regulate cellular apoptosis and cell cycle progression under the action of cisplatin through autophagy, indirectly affecting the drug sensitivity of EOCSCs. The present results highlight a novel relationship between BRCA1 and autophagy, which may provide insight into the etiology of BRCA1-associated ovarian cancer, and improve our understanding of resistance mechanisms in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue You
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fang-Fang Bi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ye-Tao Xu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yuan-Yuan An
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Da Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Wang H, Zhao Z, Lei S, Li S, Xiang Z, Wang X, Huang X, Xia G, Huang X. Gambogic acid induces autophagy and combines synergistically with chloroquine to suppress pancreatic cancer by increasing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:7. [PMID: 30627053 PMCID: PMC6321668 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0705-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gambogic acid is a natural component isolated from gamboge that possesses anticancer properties. Our previous study suggested that gambogic acid might be involved in autophagy; however, its role in pancreatic cancer remained unclear. Methods Cell viability and apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cell lines were determined using (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-3,5-diphenylformazan and flow cytometry. The effects of gambogic acid on autophagy was assessed by western blot, acridine orange staining, transmission electron microscopy, and measurement of autophagic flux through RFP-GFP-LC3 lentiviral transfection. The mitochondrial membrane potential was assessed by JC-1 staining. The production of reactive oxygen species was measured using CM-H2DCFDA staining. A xenograft tumor model of pancreatic cancer was created to determine the efficacy of gambogic acid and chloroquine. Results Gambogic acid induced the expression of LC3-II and Beclin-1 proteins in pancreatic cancer cells, whereas the expression of P62 showed a decline. Gambogic acid also increased the formation of both acidic vesicular organelles and autophagosomes, and increased autophagic flux. These findings indicated that gambogic acid induced the autophagic process. Furthermore, inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine or 3-methyladenine, or knockdown of Atg-7 all enhanced the cytotoxicity of gambogic acid, suggesting that gambogic acid-induced autophagy improves the survival of pancreatic cancer cells. Moreover, gambogic acid reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential and promoted ROS production, which contributed to the activation of autophagy. The inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine further reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential and increased the accumulation of ROS. This indicated that the inhibition of autophagy could mitigate the cellular protective effects induced by gambogic acid. The treatment combination of gambogic acid and chloroquine synergistically inhibited tumor growth in the xenograft tumor model. Conclusions These results demonstrate that gambogic acid induces cytoprotective autophagy in pancreatic cancer cells. The inhibition of autophagy promotes the cytotoxicity of gambogic acid by increasing the accumulation of ROS in pancreatic cancer cells. Combining chloroquine and gambogic acid may be a promising treatment for pancreatic cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12935-018-0705-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcheng Wang
- 1Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233 China
| | - Zhi Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, People's Hospital of Guilin, Guilin, China
| | - Shizhou Lei
- 1Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233 China
| | - Shaoli Li
- 3Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Xiang
- 4Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- 5Department of Endocrinology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiuyan Huang
- 1Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233 China
| | - Guanggai Xia
- 1Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233 China
| | - Xinyu Huang
- 1Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233 China
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Ramírez-Expósito MJ, Martínez-Martos JM. The Delicate Equilibrium between Oxidants and Antioxidants in Brain Glioma. Curr Neuropharmacol 2019; 17:342-351. [PMID: 29512467 PMCID: PMC6482474 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x16666180302120925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most frequent brain tumors in the adult population and unfortunately the adjuvant therapies are not effective. Brain tumorigenesis has been related both to the increased levels of free radicals as inductors of severe damages in healthy cells, but also with the reduced response of endogenous enzyme and non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses. In turn, both processes induce the change to malignant cells. In this review, we analyzed the role of the imbalance between free radicals production and antioxidant mechanism in the development and progression of gliomas but also the influence of redox status on the two major distinctive forms of programmed cell death related to cancer: apoptosis and autophagy. These data may be the reference to the development of new pharmacological options based on redox microenvironment for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Ramírez-Expósito
- Experimental and Clinical Physiopathology Research Group CTS-1039; Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Jaén, Campus Universitario Las Lagunillas, Jaén, Spain
| | - José Manuel Martínez-Martos
- Experimental and Clinical Physiopathology Research Group CTS-1039; Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Jaén, Campus Universitario Las Lagunillas, Jaén, Spain
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Qiu Y, Dai Y, Zhang C, Yang Y, Jin M, Shan W, Shen J, Lu M, Tang Z, Ju L, Wang Y, Jiao R, Xia Y, Huang G, Yang L, Li Y, Zhang J, Wong VKW, Jiang Z. Arsenic trioxide reverses the chemoresistance in hepatocellular carcinoma: a targeted intervention of 14-3-3η/NF-κB feedback loop. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:321. [PMID: 30572915 PMCID: PMC6302299 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-1005-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Multi-drug resistance (MDR) is one of the main obstacles for treatment of advanced/recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We have previously identified arsenic trioxide (ATO) as an effective metastasis/angiogenesis inhibitor in HCC. Here, we further found that MDR-HCC cells were more sensitive to ATO. Methods The MDR-HCC cells were used as experimental models. Biological functions were investigated using cell transfection, polymerase chain reaction, western blot, southwestern blot, immunostaining, immunoprecipitation plus atomic fluorescence spectrometry, and so on. Results The MDR-HCC cells underwent high oxidative stress condition, and employed adaptive mechanisms for them to survive; while ATO abolished such mechanisms via targeting the 14–3-3η/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) feedback Loop. Briefly, in MDR cells, the increase of ROS activated NF-κB signaling, which transcriptionally activated 14–3-3η. Meanwhile, the activation of NF-κB can be constitutively maintained by 14–3-3η. As a NF-κB inhibitor, ATO transcriptionally inhibited the 14–3-3η mRNA level. Meanwhile, ATO was also validated to directly bind to 14–3-3η, enhancing the degradation of 14–3-3η protein in an ubiquitination-dependent manner. Knockdown of 14–3-3η reduced the ATO-induced reversal extents of drug resistance in MDR cells. Conclusion 14–3-3η/NF-κB feedback loop plays an important role in maintaining the MDR phenotype in HCC. Moreover, via targeting such feedback loop, ATO could be considered as a potential molecular targeted agent for the treatment of HCC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-1005-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Qiu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Dai
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Jin
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenqi Shan
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Shen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Lu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaoyang Tang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Ju
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruonan Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunwei Xia
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangming Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lihua Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Jianping Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Vincent Kam Wai Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Zhihong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
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LncRNA GAS5 regulates redox balance and dysregulates the cell cycle and apoptosis in malignant melanoma cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 145:637-652. [PMID: 30569211 PMCID: PMC6394673 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2820-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Clinical outcomes for advanced malignant melanoma (MM) are often poor due to tumor invasiveness, metastasis, recurrence, and multidrug resistance. METHODS We investigated whether apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, oxidative status, and redox balance were altered by changes in the expression of the long noncoding RNA, growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5), in MM cells. RESULTS Analysis of clinical samples from MM patients showed that the rate of reduced GAS5 expression, relative to that in adjacent noncancerous tissues, was significantly lower for tumors from patients with advanced disease (76.6%, P < 0.001), as evidenced by larger tumor size, higher TNM stage, and higher incidences of ulceration and metastasis (P < 0.001 for all). Cell culture experiments showed that siRNA-mediated knockdown of GAS5 increased the viability of A375-GAS5si cells. Flow cytometry and western blotting showed that GAS5 knockdown increased MM cell proliferation by inducing G1/S cell cycle progression through increases in Cyclin D1, CDK4, and p27 expression (P < 0.05 for all) and by inhibiting apoptosis through an increase in Bcl-2 expression (P < 0.001). Knockdown of GAS5 also increased levels of superoxide anion (P < 0.01), NADP+(P < 0.001), and oxidized glutathiones (P < 0.01) through increases in NOX4 expression (P < 0.001), G6PD expression (P < 0.01), and NOX activity (P < 0.05), and RNA co-immunoprecipitation showed that GAS5 induced these changes through a physical interaction between GAS5 and the G6PD protein. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show GAS5 contributes to regulation of the apoptosis, cell cycle, homeostasis of reactive oxygen species, and redox balance in MM cells, and suggest that reduced GAS5 expression contributes to disease progression in MM patients.
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Quan G, Chen W, Wen Y, Yan Y, Gu M, Pan Y. Chemoprotective Efficacy of Salvianolic Acid B via Triggering Apoptosis in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells. INT J PHARMACOL 2018. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2019.110.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Chirumbolo S, Bjørklund G, Lysiuk R, Vella A, Lenchyk L, Upyr T. Targeting Cancer with Phytochemicals via Their Fine Tuning of the Cell Survival Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113568. [PMID: 30424557 PMCID: PMC6274856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of phytochemicals as potential prodrugs or therapeutic substances against tumors has come in the spotlight in the very recent years, thanks to the huge mass of encouraging and promising results of the in vitro activity of many phenolic compounds from plant raw extracts against many cancer cell lines. Little but important evidence can be retrieved from the clinical and nutritional scientific literature, where flavonoids are investigated as major pro-apoptotic and anti-metastatic compounds. However, the actual role of these compounds in cancer is still far to be fully elucidated. Many of these phytochemicals act in a pleiotropic and poorly specific manner, but, more importantly, they are able to tune the reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling to activate a survival or a pro-autophagic and pro-apoptosis mechanism, depending on the oxidative stress-responsive endowment of the targeted cell. This review will try to focus on this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.
- Scientific Secretary-Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway.
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway.
| | - Roman Lysiuk
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, DanyloHalytskyLviv National Medical University, 79007 Lviv, Ukraine.
| | - Antonio Vella
- AOUI Verona, University Hospital, Section of Immunology, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Larysa Lenchyk
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, National University of Pharmacy, 61168 Kharkiv, Ukraine.
| | - Taras Upyr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National University of Pharmacy, 61168 Kharkiv, Ukraine.
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235
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Chaiswing L, St. Clair WH, St. Clair DK. Redox Paradox: A Novel Approach to Therapeutics-Resistant Cancer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1237-1272. [PMID: 29325444 PMCID: PMC6157438 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Cancer cells that are resistant to radiation and chemotherapy are a major problem limiting the success of cancer therapy. Aggressive cancer cells depend on elevated intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to proliferate, self-renew, and metastasize. As a result, these aggressive cancers maintain high basal levels of ROS compared with normal cells. The prominence of the redox state in cancer cells led us to consider whether increasing the redox state to the condition of oxidative stress could be used as a successful adjuvant therapy for aggressive cancers. Recent Advances: Past attempts using antioxidant compounds to inhibit ROS levels in cancers as redox-based therapy have met with very limited success. However, recent clinical trials using pro-oxidant compounds reveal noteworthy results, which could have a significant impact on the development of strategies for redox-based therapies. CRITICAL ISSUES The major objective of this review is to discuss the role of the redox state in aggressive cancers and how to utilize the shift in redox state to improve cancer therapy. We also discuss the paradox of redox state parameters; that is, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as the driver molecule for cancer progression as well as a target for cancer treatment. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Based on the biological significance of the redox state, we postulate that this system could potentially be used to create a new avenue for targeted therapy, including the potential to incorporate personalized redox therapy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luksana Chaiswing
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky-Lexington, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - William H. St. Clair
- Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky-Lexington, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Daret K. St. Clair
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky-Lexington, Lexington, Kentucky
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236
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Kretschmer N, Deutsch A, Durchschein C, Rinner B, Stallinger A, Higareda-Almaraz JC, Scheideler M, Lohberger B, Bauer R. Comparative Gene Expression Analysis in WM164 Melanoma Cells Revealed That β- β-Dimethylacrylshikonin Leads to ROS Generation, Loss of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential, and Autophagy Induction. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112823. [PMID: 30380804 PMCID: PMC6278572 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is currently diagnosed as one in every three cancers. Melanoma, the most aggressive form of skin cancer, is responsible for 79% of skin cancer deaths and the incidence is rising faster than in any other solid tumor type. Previously, we have demonstrated that dimethylacrylshikonin (DMAS), isolated from the roots of Onosma paniculata (Boraginaceae), exhibited the lowest IC50 values against different tumor types out of several isolated shikonin derivatives. DMAS was especially cytotoxic towards melanoma cells and led to apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. In this study, we performed a comprehensive gene expression study to investigate the mechanism of action in more detail. Gene expression signature was compared to vehicle-treated WM164 control cells after 24 h of DMAS treatment; where 1192 distinct mRNAs could be identified as expressed in all replicates and 89 were at least 2-fold differentially expressed. DMAS favored catabolic processes and led in particular to p62 increase which is involved in cell growth, survival, and autophagy. More in-depth experiments revealed that DMAS led to autophagy, ROS generation, and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in different melanoma cells. It has been reported that the induction of an autophagic cell death represents a highly effective approach in melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Kretschmer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4/1, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Alexander Deutsch
- Department of Hematology, Internal Medicine, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Christin Durchschein
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4/1, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Beate Rinner
- Department for Biomedical Research, Medical University Graz, Roseggerweg 48, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Alexander Stallinger
- Department for Biomedical Research, Medical University Graz, Roseggerweg 48, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Juan Carlos Higareda-Almaraz
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Marcel Scheideler
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Birgit Lohberger
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Rudolf Bauer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4/1, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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237
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Gilardini Montani MS, Santarelli R, Granato M, Gonnella R, Torrisi MR, Faggioni A, Cirone M. EBV reduces autophagy, intracellular ROS and mitochondria to impair monocyte survival and differentiation. Autophagy 2018; 15:652-667. [PMID: 30324853 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1536530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
EBV has been reported to impair monocyte in vitro differentiation into dendritic cells (DCs) and reduce cell survival. In this study, we added another layer of knowledge to this topic and showed that these effects correlated with macroautophagy/autophagy, ROS and mitochondrial biogenesis reduction. Of note, autophagy and ROS, although strongly interconnected, have been separately reported to be induced by CSF2/GM-CSF (colony stimulating factor 2) and required for CSF2-IL4-driven monocyte in vitro differentiation into DCs. We show that EBV infects monocytes and initiates a feedback loop in which, by inhibiting autophagy, reduces ROS and through ROS reduction negatively influences autophagy. Mechanistically, autophagy reduction correlated with the downregulation of RAB7 and ATG5 expression and STAT3 activation, leading to the accumulation of SQSTM1/p62. The latter activated the SQSTM1-KEAP1- NFE2L2 axis and upregulated the anti-oxidant response, reducing ROS and further inhibiting autophagy. ROS decrease correlated also with the reduction of mitochondria, the main source of intracellular ROS, achieved by the downregulation of NRF1 and TFAM, mitochondrial biogenesis transcription factors. Interestingly, mitochondria supply membranes and ATP required for autophagy execution, thus their reduction may further reduce autophagy in EBV-infected monocytes. In conclusion, this study shows for the first time that the interconnected reduction of autophagy, intracellular ROS and mitochondria mediated by EBV switches monocyte differentiation into apoptosis, giving new insights into the mechanisms through which this virus reduces immune surveillance. Abbreviations: ACTB: actin beta; ATG5: autophagy related 5; BAF: bafilomycin A1; BECN1: beclin 1; CAT: catalase; CSF2: colony stimulating factor 2; CT: control; CYCS (cytochrome C: somatic); DCs: dendritic cells; EBV: Epstein-Barr virus; GSR: glutathione-disulfide reductase; KEAP1: kelch like ECH associated protein 1; IL4: interleukin 4; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MET: metformin; NAC: N-acetylcysteine; NFE2L2/NRF2 nuclear factor: erythroid 2 like 2; NRF1 (nuclear respiratory factor 1); clPARP1: cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase; Rapa: Rapamycin; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TFAM: (transcription factor A: mitochondrial); TUBA1A: tubulin alpha 1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Gilardini Montani
- a Department of Experimental Medicine , Sapienza University of Rome, laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti , Rome , Italy
| | - R Santarelli
- a Department of Experimental Medicine , Sapienza University of Rome, laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti , Rome , Italy
| | - M Granato
- a Department of Experimental Medicine , Sapienza University of Rome, laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti , Rome , Italy
| | - R Gonnella
- a Department of Experimental Medicine , Sapienza University of Rome, laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti , Rome , Italy
| | - M R Torrisi
- b Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine , Sapienza University of Rome, laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti , Italy.,c Sant'Andrea University Hospital , Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea , Rome , Italy
| | - A Faggioni
- a Department of Experimental Medicine , Sapienza University of Rome, laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti , Rome , Italy
| | - M Cirone
- a Department of Experimental Medicine , Sapienza University of Rome, laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti , Rome , Italy
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238
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Yu CI, Chen CY, Liu W, Chang PC, Huang CW, Han KF, Lin IP, Lin MY, Lee CH. Sandensolide Induces Oxidative Stress-Mediated Apoptosis in Oral Cancer Cells and in Zebrafish Xenograft Model. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16100387. [PMID: 30332851 PMCID: PMC6213332 DOI: 10.3390/md16100387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Presently, natural sources and herbs are being sought for the treatment of human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in order to alleviate the side effects of chemotherapy. This study investigates the effect of sandensolide, a cembrane isolated from Sinularia flexibilis, to inhibit human OSCC cell growth with the aim of developing a new drug for the treatment of oral cancer. In vitro cultured human OSCC models (Ca9.22, SCC9 and HSC-3 cell lines) and oral normal cells (HGF-1), as well as a zebrafish xenograft model, were used to test the cytotoxicity of sandensolide (MTT assay), as well as to perform cell cycle analysis and Western blotting. Both the in vitro bioassay and the zebrafish xenograft model demonstrated the anti-oral cancer effect of sandensolide. Moreover, sandensolide was able to significantly suppress colony formation and induce apoptosis, as well as cell cycle arrest, in OSCC by regulating multiple key proteins. Induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed in sandensolide-treated oral cancer cells. However, these apoptotic changes were rescued by NAC pretreatment. These findings contribute to the knowledge of the model of action of sandensolide, which may induce oxidative stress-mediated cell death pathways as a potential agent in oral cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-I Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 73659, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Yi Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan.
| | - Wangta Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Chih Chang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Weight Management Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Chiung-Wei Huang
- Department of Physiology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Kuang-Fen Han
- Department of Nursing, Min-Hwei Junior College of Health Care Management, Tainan City 73658, Taiwan.
| | - In-Pin Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Ying Lin
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Hsing Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
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239
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Baquero P, Dawson A, Helgason GV. Autophagy and mitochondrial metabolism: insights into their role and therapeutic potential in chronic myeloid leukaemia. FEBS J 2018; 286:1271-1283. [PMID: 30222247 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite the development of selective BCR-ABL-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) transforming the management of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), therapy-resistant leukaemic stem cells (LSCs) persist after TKI treatment and present an obstacle to a CML cure. Recently, we and others have made significant contributions to the field by unravelling survival dependencies in LSCs to work towards the goal of eradicating LSCs in CML patients. In this review, we describe these findings focusing on autophagy and mitochondrial metabolism, which have recently been uncovered as two essential processes for LSCs quiescence and survival respectively. In addition, we discuss the therapeutic potential of autophagy and mitochondrial metabolism inhibition as a strategy to eliminate CML cells in patients where the resistance to TKI is driven by BCR-ABL-independent mechanism(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Baquero
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Amy Dawson
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Gudmundur Vignir Helgason
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK.,Paul O'Gorman Leukemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
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240
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Hui L, Wu H, Wang TW, Yang N, Guo X, Jang XJ. Hydrogen peroxide-induced mitophagy contributes to laryngeal cancer cells survival via the upregulation of FUNDC1. Clin Transl Oncol 2018; 21:596-606. [PMID: 30284230 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-018-1958-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of our study was to investigate an underlying mechanism that hydrogen peroxide-induced mitophagy contributed to laryngeal cancer cells survivals under oxidative stress condition. METHODS Tumor tissue and serum samples were collected from patients with laryngeal cancer. The Hep2 cell, a human laryngeal carcinoma cell, was used in in vitro experiments. The levels of lipid peroxidation were analyzed by ELISA. Knockdown of FUNDC1 was performed by RNAi. The changes of target proteins were determined by qRT-PCR and western blot. The cells were analyzed for changes in proliferation using cell counting kit-8 and mitophagy by the mitochondrial membrane potential assay and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS FUNDC1 in laryngeal cancer tissues were relative to the levels of lipid peroxidation in laryngeal cancer patients, which suggested that FUNDC1 was associated with the status of oxidative stress in the laryngeal cancer patients. Hydrogen peroxide significantly induced the elevation of FUNDC1, a mitophagic factor, in a time- and dose-dependent manner in laryngeal cancer cells, which was dependent on ERK signal activation. Knockdown of FUNDC1 by the siRNA attenuated the survival of laryngeal cancer cells under hydrogen peroxide stimulation. Moreover, the elevated FUNDC1 was required for the occurrence of mitophagy under hydrogen peroxide stimulation, which was identified by transmission electron microscopy, the alterations of mitochondrial permeability transition and the specific mitochondrial protein, hsp60. Inhibition of mitophagy with cyclosporine A could also effectively attenuate the laryngeal cancer cells survival under hydrogen peroxide stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Hydrogen peroxide upregulated the expression of FUNDC1 through the activation of ERK1/2 signal to trigger a mitophagic response, giving laryngeal cancer cells a befit for survival. These findings suggested that FUNDC1 might be a potential target for the treatment of laryngeal cancer accompanied with high lipid peroxidation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hui
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing Bei Street, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China.
| | - H Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing Bei Street, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - T-W Wang
- Bishop Alemany High School, Mission Hills, CA, USA
| | - N Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing Bei Street, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - X Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing Bei Street, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - X-J Jang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing Bei Street, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
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241
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Jeong AJ, Kim YJ, Lim MH, Lee H, Noh K, Kim BH, Chung JW, Cho CH, Kim S, Ye SK. Microgravity induces autophagy via mitochondrial dysfunction in human Hodgkin's lymphoma cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14646. [PMID: 30279524 PMCID: PMC6168562 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32965-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gravitational forces can impose physical stresses on the human body as it functions to maintain homeostasis. It has been reported that astronauts exposed to microgravity experience altered biological functions and many subsequent studies on the effects of microgravity have therefore been conducted. However, the anticancer mechanisms of simulated microgravity remain unclear. We previously showed that the proliferation of human Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) cells was inhibited when these cells were cultured in time-averaged simulated microgravity (taSMG). In the present study, we investigated whether taSMG produced an anticancer effect. Exposure of human HL cells to taSMG for 2 days increased their reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and NADPH oxidase family gene expression, while mitochondrial mass, ATPase, ATP synthase, and intracellular ATP levels were decreased. Furthermore, human HL cells exposed to taSMG underwent autophagy via AMPK/Akt/mTOR and MAPK pathway modulation; such autophagy was inhibited by the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC). These results suggest an innovative therapeutic approach to HL that is markedly different from conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ae Jin Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Science Project (BK21PLUS), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jae Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Min Hyuk Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeri Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Science Project (BK21PLUS), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Kumhee Noh
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Science Project (BK21PLUS), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hak Kim
- Biomedical Science Project (BK21PLUS), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woong Chung
- Department of Biological Science, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung-Hyun Cho
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Kyu Ye
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Biomedical Science Project (BK21PLUS), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Neuro-Immune Information Storage Network Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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242
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In vitro and in vivo anticancer efficacy potential of Quercetin loaded polymeric nanoparticles. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:1513-1526. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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243
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Lee HL, Hwang SC, Nah JW, Kim J, Cha B, Kang DH, Jeong YI. Redox- and pH-Responsive Nanoparticles Release Piperlongumine in a Stimuli-Sensitive Manner to Inhibit Pulmonary Metastasis of Colorectal Carcinoma Cells. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:2702-2712. [PMID: 29936202 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Redox-responsive nanoparticles having a diselenide linkage were synthesized to target pulmonary metastasis of cancer cells. Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-grafted chitosan (ChitoPEG) was crosslinked using selenocystine-acetyl histidine (Ac-histidine) conjugates (ChitoPEGse) for stimuli-responsive delivery of piperlongumine (PL). ChitoPEGse nanoparticles swelled in an acidic environment and became partially disintegrated in the presence of H2O2, resulting in an increase of particle size and in a size distribution having multimodal pattern. PL release increased under acidic conditions and in the presence of H2O2. Uptake of ChitoPEGse nanoparticles by CT26 cells significantly increased in acidic and redox state. PL-incorporated ChitoPEGse nanoparticles (PL NPs) showed similar anticancer activity in vitro against A549 and CT26 cells compared to PL itself. PL NP showed superior anticancer and antimetastatic activity in an in vivo CT26 cell pulmonary metastasis mouse model. Furthermore, an immunofluorescence imaging study demonstrated that PL NP conjugates were specifically delivered to the tumor mass in the lung. Conclusively, ChitoPEGse nanoparticles were able to be delivered to cancer cells with an acidic- or redox state-sensitive manner and then efficiently targeted pulmonary metastasis of cancer cells since ChitoPEGse nanoparticles have dual pH- and redox-responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Lim Lee
- Ajou University, School of Medicine, Suwon 61005, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Convergence of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Gyeongnam 50612, Korea
| | - Sung Chul Hwang
- Ajou University, School of Medicine, Suwon 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Woon Nah
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungsoo Kim
- Research Institute of Convergence of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Gyeongnam 50612, Korea
| | | | - Dae Hwan Kang
- Research Institute of Convergence of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Gyeongnam 50612, Korea.
| | - Young-Il Jeong
- Research Institute of Convergence of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Gyeongnam 50612, Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 179 Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea.
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244
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Zhao Z, Xia G, Li N, Su R, Chen X, Zhong L. Autophagy Inhibition Promotes Bevacizumab-induced Apoptosis and Proliferation Inhibition in Colorectal Cancer Cells. J Cancer 2018; 9:3407-3416. [PMID: 30271503 PMCID: PMC6160673 DOI: 10.7150/jca.24201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Anti-VEGF therapy plays an important role in the treatment of malignant tumors, especially metastatic malignant tumors. However, resistance and an inefficient response to anti-VEGF therapy exist. The current study aimed to investigate whether autophagy plays a part in the anti-tumor effect of bevacizumab in colorectal cancer cells. Methods: VEGF-A expression was measured by immunohistochemical methods. Cell viability and cell apoptosis were detected using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-3,5-diphenylformazan (MTT) and flow cytometry. Autophagy was assessed by a western blot, fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. HIF-1α was measured using a western blot. A xenograft tumor model of colorectal cancer was constructed to determine the efficacy of the treatment of bevacizumab and chloroquine. Results: VEGF-A protein was upregulated in colorectal cancer tissue. Anti-VEGF (bevacizumab) inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis. Moreover, bevacizumab induced autophagy. The inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine or by small interfering RNA promoted bevacizumab-induced apoptosis and proliferation inhibition. Further study showed that bevacizumab treatment significantly augmented HIF-1α. Furthermore, cells pretreated with YC-1, a HIF-1α inhibitor, displayed significantly attenuated bevacizumab-induced autophagy. Finally, a combinatory treatment of bevacizumab and chloroquine synergistically inhibited tumor growth in a xenograft tumor model of colorectal cancer cells. Conclusions: Our results showed that the inhibition of autophagy promoted the anti-tumor effect of bevacizumab and may offer a promising therapeutic strategy for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, People's Hospital of Guilin, Guilin, China, 541002
| | - Guanggai Xia
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China, 200233
| | - Ni Li
- Health Management Center, People's Hospital of Guilin, Guilin, China, 541002
| | - Ruping Su
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, People's Hospital of Guilin, Guilin, China, 541002
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, People's Hospital of Guilin, Guilin, China, 541002
| | - Li Zhong
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, People's Hospital of Guilin, Guilin, China, 541002
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245
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Pérez L, Sinn AL, Sandusky GE, Pollok KE, Blum JS. Melanoma LAMP-2C Modulates Tumor Growth and Autophagy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:101. [PMID: 30211163 PMCID: PMC6123356 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays critical but diverse roles in cellular quality control and homeostasis potentially checking tumor development by removing mutated or damaged macromolecules, while conversely fostering tumor survival by supplying essential nutrients during cancer progression. This report documents a novel inhibitory role for a lysosome-associated membrane protein, LAMP-2C in modulating autophagy and melanoma cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Solid tumors such as melanomas encounter a variety of stresses in vivo including inflammatory cytokines produced by infiltrating lymphocytes directed at limiting tumor growth and spread. Here, we report that in response to the anti-tumor, pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon-gamma, melanoma cell expression of LAMP2C mRNA significantly increased. These results prompted an investigation of whether increased melanoma cell expression of LAMP-2C might represent a mechanism to control or limit human melanoma growth and survival. In this study, enhanced expression of human LAMP-2C in melanoma cells perturbed macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy in several human melanoma lines. In vitro analysis showed increasing LAMP-2C expression in a melanoma cell line, triggered reduced cellular LAMP-2A and LAMP-2B protein expression. Melanoma cells with enhanced LAMP-2C expression displayed increased cell cycle arrest, increased expression of the cell cycle regulators Chk1 and p21, and greater apoptosis and necrosis in several cell lines tested. The increased abundance of Chk1 protein in melanoma cells with increased LAMP-2C expression was not due to higher CHEK1 mRNA levels, but rather an increase in Chk1 protein abundance including Chk1 molecules phosphorylated at Ser345. Human melanoma cell xenografts with increased LAMP-2C expression, displayed reduced growth in immune compromised murine hosts. Melanomas with high LAMP-2C expression showed increased necrosis and reduced cell density upon histological analysis. These results reveal a novel role for LAMP-2C in negatively regulating melanoma growth and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Pérez
- Virus Persistence and Dynamics Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Anthony L. Sinn
- In Vivo Therapeutics Core, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - George E. Sandusky
- Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Karen E. Pollok
- In Vivo Therapeutics Core, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Janice S. Blum
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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246
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Jabir NR, Islam MT, Tabrez S, Shakil S, Zaidi SK, Khan FR, Araújo LDS, de Meneses AAPM, Santos JVDO, Melo-Cavalcante AADC. An insight towards anticancer potential of major coffee constituents. Biofactors 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/biof.1437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nasimudeen R. Jabir
- King Fahd Medical Research Center; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development; Ton Duc Thang University; Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Faculty of Pharmacy; Ton Duc Thang University; Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Shams Tabrez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Shazi Shakil
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Kashif Zaidi
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Fayaz Rahman Khan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Lidiane da Silva Araújo
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science; Federal University of Piauí; Teresina Brazil
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247
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Wang Y, Li N, Jiang W, Deng W, Ye R, Xu C, Qiao Y, Sharma A, Zhang M, Hung MC, Lin SH. Mutant LKB1 Confers Enhanced Radiosensitization in Combination with Trametinib in KRAS-Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:5744-5756. [PMID: 30068711 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The MEK inhibitor trametinib radiosensitizes KRAS-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is being tested clinically with chemoradiation. However, variability in response to trametinib suggests that additional pathways are involved. The mechanism of resistance to trametinib radiosensitization is still unknown.Experimental Design: We used a panel of KRAS-mutant NSCLC cells and tested the radiosensitization effects of trametinib by clonogenic survival assay. Then, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the resistance to the combination therapy through several knockout and overexpression systems. Finally, we validated our findings in syngeneic mouse models in a treatment setting that mimicked the standard of care in the clinic.Results: Radiosensitization by trametinib was effective only in KRAS-LKB1-mutated cells with wild-type (WT) p53, and we found that restoring LKB1 expression in those cells blocked that sensitization. Trametinib and radiotherapy both induced senescence in a p53-dependent manner, but in WT LKB1 cells, the combination also activated the AMPK-autophagy pathway to rescue damaged cells from senescence. LKB1-knockout or autophagy inhibition in WT LKB1 cells potentiated trametinib radiosensitization. In syngeneic animal models of Kras-mutant lung tumors, Lkb1-knockout tumors were resistant to trametinib and chemoradiation given separately, but the combination greatly controlled tumor growth and prolonged survival.Conclusions: The LKB1 mutation in KRAS-mutant NSCLC conferred enhanced radiosensitization in combination with trametinib. The WT LKB1 could activate autophagy through AMPK pathway to induce resistance to the combination of trametinib and radiation. The KRAS-LKB1 mutation could potentially be a biomarker to select patients for trametinib and radiotherapy combination therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 24(22); 5744-56. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Weiye Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rui Ye
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas
| | - Cai Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yawei Qiao
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Amrish Sharma
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Steven H Lin
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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248
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Shen Y, Wang C, Ren Y, Ye J. A comprehensive look at the role of hyperlipidemia in promoting colorectal cancer liver metastasis. J Cancer 2018; 9:2981-2986. [PMID: 30123367 PMCID: PMC6096362 DOI: 10.7150/jca.25640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most malignant cancers, and it tends to migrate to the liver and has a high mortality rate. Several mechanisms behind the metastasis of CRC have been identified, including hyperlipidemia. For example, hyperlipidemia can lead to enhanced stemness and neutrophil infiltration, which increases CRC metastasis. There are three primary aspects to the relationship between hyperlipidemia and CRC metastasis: hyperlipidemia (1) promotes the initial metastatic properties of CRC, (2) stimulates CRC cells to leave the vasculature, and (3) facilitates the development of CRC metastasis. In this study, we provide a comprehensive overview of the role that hyperlipidemia played in CRC metastasis to help reduce the mortality associated with CRC metastasis from the standpoint of metabolic. We also review cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Shen
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Caihua Wang
- 2 Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuezhong Ren
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jun Ye
- 2 Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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249
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Luna-Dulcey L, Tomasin R, Naves MA, da Silva JA, Cominetti MR. Autophagy-dependent apoptosis is triggered by a semi-synthetic [6]-gingerol analogue in triple negative breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:30787-30804. [PMID: 30112107 PMCID: PMC6089392 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is very aggressive and lacks specific therapeutic targets, having limited treatment options and poor prognosis. [6]-gingerol is the most abundant and studied compound in ginger, presenting diverse biological properties such as antitumor activity against several types of cancer, including breast cancer. In this study, we show that the semi-synthetic analogue SSi6, generated after chemical modification of the [6]-gingerol molecule, using acetone-2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone (2,4-DNPH) reagent, enhanced selective cytotoxic effects on MDA-MB-231 cells. Remarkably, unlike the original [6]-gingerol molecule, SSi6 enabled autophagy followed by caspase-independent apoptosis in tumor cells. We found a time-dependent association between SSi6-induced oxidative stress, autophagy and apoptosis. Initial SSi6-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation (1h) led to autophagy activation (2-6h), which was followed by caspase-independent apoptosis (14h) in TNBC cells. Additionally, our data showed that SSi6 induction of ROS plays a key role in the promotion of autophagy and apoptosis. In order to investigate whether the observed cell death induction was dependent on preceding autophagy in MDA-MB-231 cells, we used siRNA to knock down LC3B prior to SSi6 treatment. Our data show that LC3B downregulation decreased the number of apoptotic cells after treatment with SSi6, indicating that autophagy is a key initial step on SSi6-induced caspase-independent apoptosis. Overall, the results of this study show that structural modifications of natural compounds can be an interesting strategy for developing antitumor drugs, with distinct mechanisms of actions, which could possibly be used against triple negative breast cancer cells that are resistant to canonical apoptosis-inducing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liany Luna-Dulcey
- Laboratory of Biology of Aging, Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, CEP 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Rebeka Tomasin
- Laboratory of Biology of Aging, Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, CEP 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina A Naves
- Laboratory of Biology of Aging, Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, CEP 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - James A da Silva
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, CEP 49400-000, São José, Lagarto, SE, Brazil
| | - Marcia R Cominetti
- Laboratory of Biology of Aging, Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, CEP 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Metformin exerts antitumor activity via induction of multiple death pathways in tumor cells and activation of a protective immune response. Oncotarget 2018; 9:25808-25825. [PMID: 29899823 PMCID: PMC5995253 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The antitumor effect of metformin has been demonstrated in several types of cancer; however, the mechanisms involved are incompletely understood. In this study, we showed that metformin acts directly on melanoma cells as well as on the tumor microenvironment, particularly in the context of the immune response. In vitro, metformin induces a complex interplay between apoptosis and autophagy in melanoma cells. The anti-metastatic activity of metformin in vivo was assessed in several mouse models challenged with B16F10 cells. Metformin's activity was, in part, immune system-dependent, whereas its antitumor properties were abrogated in immunodeficient (NSG) mice. Metformin treatment increased the number of lung CD8-effector-memory T and CD4+Foxp3+IL-10+ T cells in B16F10-transplanted mice. It also decreased the levels of Gr-1+CD11b+ and RORγ+ IL17+CD4+ cells in B16F10-injected mice and the anti-metastatic effect was impaired in RAG-1−/− mice challenged with B16F10 cells, suggesting an important role for T cells in the protection induced by metformin. Finally, metformin in combination with the clinical metabolic agents rapamycin and sitagliptin showed a higher antitumor effect. The metformin/sitagliptin combination was effective in a BRAFV600E/PTEN tamoxifen-inducible murine melanoma model. Taken together, these results suggest that metformin has a pronounced effect on melanoma cells, including the induction of a strong protective immune response in the tumor microenvironment, leading to tumor growth control, and the combination with other metabolic agents may increase this effect.
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