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Fu X, Li S, Jia M, Xu B, Yang L, Ma R, Cheng H, Yang W, Hu P. Myogenesis controlled by a long non-coding RNA 1700113A16RIK and post-transcriptional regulation. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 11:13. [PMID: 35366685 PMCID: PMC8977255 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-022-00114-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding (lnc) RNA plays important roles in many cellular processes. The function of the vast majority of lncRNAs remains unknown. Here we identified that lncRNA-1700113A16RIK existed in skeletal muscle stem cells (MuSCs) and was significantly elevated during MuSC differentiation. Knockdown of 1700113A16RIK inhibits the differentiation of muscle stem cells. In contrast, overexpression of 1700113A16RIK promotes the differentiation of muscle stem cells. Further study shows the muscle specific transcription factor Myogenin (MyoG) positively regulates the expression of 1700113A16RIK by binding to the promoter region of 1700113A16RIK. Mechanistically, 1700113A16RIK may regulate the expression of myogenic genes by directly binding to 3'UTR of an important myogenic transcription factor MEF2D, which in turn promotes the translation of MEF2D. Taken together, our results defined 1700113A16RIK as a positive regulator of MuSC differentiation and elucidated a mechanism as to how 1700113A16RIK regulated MuSC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fu
- Spine Center, Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Spine Center, Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Minzhi Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Bo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Lele Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ruimiao Ma
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510700, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wenjun Yang
- Spine Center, Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Ping Hu
- Spine Center, Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China. .,Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510700, Guangdong, China. .,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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202
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González-Blanco L, Bermúdez M, Bermejo-Millo JC, Gutiérrez-Rodríguez J, Solano JJ, Antuña E, Menéndez-Valle I, Caballero B, Vega-Naredo I, Potes Y, Coto-Montes A. Cell interactome in sarcopenia during aging. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:919-931. [PMID: 35178901 PMCID: PMC8977965 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diversity between the muscle cellular interactome of dependent and independent elderly people is based on the interrelationships established between different cellular mechanisms, and alteration of this balance modulates cellular activity in muscle tissue with important functional implications. METHODS Thirty patients (85 ± 8 years old, 23% female) scheduled to undergo hip fracture surgery participated in this study. During the surgical procedures, skeletal muscle tissue was obtained from the Vastus lateralis. Two groups of participants were studied based on their Barthel index: 15 functional-independent individuals (100-90) and 15 severely functional-dependent individuals (40-0). The expression of proteins from the most important cellular mechanisms was studied by western blot. RESULTS Compared with independent elderly patients, dependent elderly showed an abrupt decrease in the capacity of protein synthesis; this decrease was only partially compensated for at the response to unfolded or misfolded proteins (UPR) level due to the increase in IRE1 (P < 0.001) and ATF6 (P < 0.05), which block autophagy, an essential mechanism for cell survival, by decreasing the expression of Beclin-1, LC3, and p62 (P < 0.001) and the antioxidant response. This lead to increased oxidative damage to lipids (P < 0.001) and that damage was directly associated with the mitochondrial impairment induced by the significant decreases in the I, III, IV, and V mitochondrial complexes (P < 0.01), which drastically reduced the energy capacity of the cell. The essential cellular mechanisms were generally impaired and the triggering of apoptosis was induced, as shown by the significantly elevated levels of most proapoptotic proteins (P < 0.05) and caspase-3/7 (P < 0.001) in dependents. The death of highly damaged cells is not detrimental to organs as long as the regenerative capacity remains unaltered, but in the dependent patients, this ability was also significantly altered, which was revealed by the reduction in the myogenic regulatory factors and satellite cell marker (P < 0.001), and the increase in myostatin (P < 0.01). Due to the severely disturbed cell interactome, the muscle contractile capacity showed significant damage. CONCLUSIONS Functionally dependent patients exhibited severe alterations in their cellular interactome at the muscle level. Cell apoptosis was caused by a decrease in successful protein synthesis, to which the cellular control systems did not respond adequately; autophagy was simultaneously blocked, the mitochondrion malfunctioned, and as the essential recovery mechanisms failed, these cells could not be replaced, resulting in the muscle being condemned to a loss of mass and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura González-Blanco
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.,Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Manuel Bermúdez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.,Geriatric Service, Monte Naranco Hospital, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan C Bermejo-Millo
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Neurociencias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - José Gutiérrez-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.,Geriatric Service, Monte Naranco Hospital, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan J Solano
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.,Geriatric Service, Monte Naranco Hospital, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Eduardo Antuña
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Neurociencias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Iván Menéndez-Valle
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Neurociencias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Beatriz Caballero
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Neurociencias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ignacio Vega-Naredo
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Neurociencias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Yaiza Potes
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Neurociencias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana Coto-Montes
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Neurociencias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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203
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Li Q, Wang Y, Hu X, Zhang Y, Li H, Zhang Q, Cai W, Wang Z, Zhu B, Xu L, Gao X, Chen Y, Gao H, Li J, Zhang L. Transcriptional states and chromatin accessibility during bovine myoblasts proliferation and myogenic differentiation. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13219. [PMID: 35362202 PMCID: PMC9136495 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Although major advances have been made in bovine epigenome study, the epigenetic basis for fetal skeletal muscle development still remains poorly understood. The aim is to recapitulated the time course of fetal skeletal muscle development in vitro, and explore the dynamic changes of chromatin accessibility and gene expression during bovine myoblasts proliferation and differentiation. Methods PDGFR‐ cells were isolated from bovine fetal skeletal muscle, then cultured and induced myogenic differentiation in vitro in a time‐course study (P, D0, D2,and D4). The assay for transposase‐accessible chromatin sequencing (ATAC‐seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) were performed. Results Among the enriched transcriptional factors with high variability, we determined the effects of MAFF, ZNF384, and KLF6 in myogenesis using RNA interference (RNAi). In addition, we identified both stage‐specific genes and chromatin accessibility regions to reveal the sequential order of gene expression, transcriptional regulatory, and signal pathways involved in bovine skeletal muscle development. Further investigation integrating chromatin accessibility and transcriptome data was conducted to explore cis‐regulatory regions in line with gene expression. Moreover, we combined bovine GWAS results of growth traits with regulatory regions defined by chromatin accessibility, providing a suggestive means for a more precise annotation of genetic variants of bovine growth traits. Conclusion Overall, these findings provide valuable information for understanding the stepwise regulatory mechanisms in skeletal muscle development and conducting beef cattle genetic improvement programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yahui Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yapeng Zhang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Wentao Cai
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Zezhao Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyang Xu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Huijiang Gao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Junya Li
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Lupei Zhang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
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204
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Liang S, Liu X, Zhao J, Liu R, Huang X, Liu Y, Yang X, Yang X. Effects of high-dose folic acid on protein metabolism in breast muscle and performance of broilers. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101935. [PMID: 35961252 PMCID: PMC9382563 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Attaining the optimal feed conversion ratio is the unaltered goal for poultry breeding, meat yield is one of the vital reference indexes for that. Folic acid is involved in protein metabolism by acting as a transmitter of one carbon unit, and the detail mechanism for the high-dose folic acid on growth of broiler skeletal muscle is still unclarified. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect and regulatory mechanism of folic acid on deposition and metabolism of protein in broiler breast muscle. A total of 196 one-day-old AA broilers were randomly assigned to 2 treatment groups. The chicks were fed corn-soybean diet with folic acid levels of 1.3 mg/kg (CON) or 13 mg/kg (FA), respectively. The results showed that high dose of folic acid significantly increased the body weight gain, average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio of broilers during 1 to 42 d. Compared with control group, folic acid statistically augmented the breast muscle ratio of broilers at 42 d, abdominal fat percentage was also decreased in FA group. Folic acid significantly increased the gene expression of folate receptor (FR) in duodenum and jejunum at 21 d, and its relative expression in jejunum of broilers at 42 d. Furthermore, relative expression of myogenin in broiler breast muscle was upregulated in folic acid group. Folic acid supplementation significantly enhanced the protein expression of phosphorylated serine/threonine kinase (AKT) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) in the breast muscle of broilers at 21 d and 42 d. In conclusion, the results proved that high-dose folic acid activated the AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and increased the activity of phosphorylation of S6K1, thereby regulating the protein deposition in breast muscle. Meanwhile, the gene expression of the myogenic determinant factor was upregulated by folic acid and then promoted the growth of breast muscle. Consequently, the growth performance, meat production and feeding efficiency were improved of broilers by adding folic acid at 13 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xinshuai Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jianfei Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Rui Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xinhuo Huang
- Nano Vitamin Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
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205
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Wang S, Zhao X, Liu Q, Wang Y, Li S, Xu S. Selenoprotein K protects skeletal muscle from damage and is required for satellite cells-mediated myogenic differentiation. Redox Biol 2022; 50:102255. [PMID: 35144051 PMCID: PMC8844831 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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206
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Ganassi M, Zammit PS. Involvement of muscle satellite cell dysfunction in neuromuscular disorders: Expanding the portfolio of satellite cell-opathies. Eur J Transl Myol 2022; 32:10064. [PMID: 35302338 PMCID: PMC8992676 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2022.10064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular disorders are a heterogeneous group of acquired or hereditary conditions that affect striated muscle function. The resulting decrease in muscle strength and motility irreversibly impacts quality of life. In addition to directly affecting skeletal muscle, pathogenesis can also arise from dysfunctional crosstalk between nerves and muscles, and may include cardiac impairment. Muscular weakness is often progressive and paralleled by continuous decline in the ability of skeletal muscle to functionally adapt and regenerate. Normally, the skeletal muscle resident stem cells, named satellite cells, ensure tissue homeostasis by providing myoblasts for growth, maintenance, repair and regeneration. We recently defined 'Satellite Cell-opathies' as those inherited neuromuscular conditions presenting satellite cell dysfunction in muscular dystrophies and myopathies (doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112906). Here, we expand the portfolio of Satellite Cell-opathies by evaluating the potential impairment of satellite cell function across all 16 categories of neuromuscular disorders, including those with mainly neurogenic and cardiac involvement. We explore the expression dynamics of myopathogenes, genes whose mutation leads to skeletal muscle pathogenesis, using transcriptomic analysis. This revealed that 45% of myopathogenes are differentially expressed during early satellite cell activation (0 - 5 hours). Of these 271 myopathogenes, 83 respond to Pax7, a master regulator of satellite cells. Our analysis suggests possible perturbation of satellite cell function in many neuromuscular disorders across all categories, including those where skeletal muscle pathology is not predominant. This characterisation further aids understanding of pathomechanisms and informs on development of prognostic and diagnostic tools, and ultimately, new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Ganassi
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Campus, London.
| | - Peter S Zammit
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Campus, London.
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207
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Sugimoto T, Imai S, Yoshikawa M, Fujisato T, Hashimoto T, Nakamura T. Mechanical unloading in 3D-engineered muscle leads to muscle atrophy by suppressing protein synthesis. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 132:1091-1103. [PMID: 35297688 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00323.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Three dimensional (3D)-engineered muscle is an useful approach to a more comprehensive understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying unloading-induced muscle atrophy. We investigated the effects of mechanical unloading on molecular muscle protein synthesis (MPS)- and muscle protein breakdown (MPB)-related signaling pathways involved in muscle atrophy in 3D-engineered muscle, and to better understand in vitro model of muscle disuse. The 3D-engineered muscle consisting of C2C12 myoblasts and type-1 collagen gel was allowed to differentiate for 2 weeks and divided into three groups: 0 days of stretched-on control (CON), 2 and/or 7 days of stretched-on (ON), in which both ends of the muscle were fixed with artificial tendons, and the stretched-off group (OFF), in which one side of the artificial tendon was detached. Muscle weight (-38.1 to -48.4%), length (-67.0 to -73.5%), twitch contractile force (-70.5 to -75.0%) and myosin heavy chain expression (-32.5 to -50.5%) in the OFF group were significantly decreased on days 2 and 7 compared with the ON group (P < 0.05, respectively), despite that ON group was stable over time. Although determinative molecular signaling could not be identified, the MPS rate reflected by puromysin labeled protein was significantly decreased following mechanical unloading (P < 0.05, -38.5 to -51.1%). Meanwhile, MPB, particularly the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, was not impacted. Hence, mechanical unloading of 3D-engineered muscle in vitro leads to muscle atrophy by suppressing MPS, cell differentiation, and cell growth rather than the promotion of MPB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Sugimoto
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Shoma Imai
- Division of Human Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Ohmiya, Osaka, Japan
| | - Maki Yoshikawa
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Toshia Fujisato
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Ohmiya, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hashimoto
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nakamura
- Division of Human Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Ohmiya, Osaka, Japan
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208
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Pang K, Guo X, Jiang Y, Xu L, Ling L, Li Z. Case Report: Primary Intraosseous Poorly Differentiated Synovial Sarcoma of the Femur. Front Oncol 2022; 12:754131. [PMID: 35372059 PMCID: PMC8966429 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.754131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary intraosseous poorly differentiated synovial sarcoma is exceedingly rare. Here, we present a case of primary intraosseous poorly differentiated synovial sarcoma from the proximal femur in a 16-year-old girl. The case was initially misdiagnosed, but the correct diagnosis of synovial sarcoma was eventually confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization and next-generation sequencing. We review the literature pertaining to synovial sarcoma and show that this case is the second molecularly proven intraosseous poorly differentiated synovial sarcoma in the literature. Recognition of intraosseous synovial sarcoma composed of small round cells is imperative in order to avoid misdiagnosis of the tumor as Ewing sarcoma and other small round-cell tumors, all of which have markedly different clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Pang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoning Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lina Xu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Ling
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Lin Ling, ; Zhihong Li,
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Lin Ling, ; Zhihong Li,
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209
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Ruan T, Harney D, Koay YC, Loo L, Larance M, Caron L. Anabolic Factors and Myokines Improve Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Derived Skeletal Muscle Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060963. [PMID: 35326414 PMCID: PMC8946006 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle weakness is linked to many adverse health outcomes. Current research to identify new drugs has often been inconclusive due to lack of adequate cellular models. We previously developed a scalable monolayer system to differentiate human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into mature skeletal muscle cells (SkMCs) within 26 days without cell sorting or genetic manipulation. Here, building on our previous work, we show that differentiation and fusion of myotubes can be further enhanced using the anabolic factors testosterone (T) and follistatin (F) in combination with a cocktail of myokines (C). Importantly, combined TFC treatment significantly enhanced both the hESC-SkMC fusion index and the expression levels of various skeletal muscle markers, including the motor protein myosin heavy chain (MyHC). Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis revealed oxidative phosphorylation as the most up-regulated pathway, and a significantly higher level of ATP and increased mitochondrial mass were also observed in TFC-treated hESC-SkMCs, suggesting enhanced energy metabolism is coupled with improved muscle differentiation. This cellular model will be a powerful tool for studying in vitro myogenesis and for drug discovery pertaining to further enhancing muscle development or treating muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis Ruan
- Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (T.R.); (L.L.)
| | - Dylan Harney
- Larance Laboratory, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (D.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Yen Chin Koay
- Cardiometabolic Disease Group, Heart Research Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Lipin Loo
- Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (T.R.); (L.L.)
| | - Mark Larance
- Larance Laboratory, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (D.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Leslie Caron
- Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (T.R.); (L.L.)
- MMG, Marseille Medical Genetics, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM U1251, 13005 Marseille, France
- Correspondence:
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210
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The sustained PGE 2 release matrix improves neovascularization and skeletal muscle regeneration in a hindlimb ischemia model. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:95. [PMID: 35209908 PMCID: PMC8867652 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01301-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of peripheral artery disease (PAD) is to restore blood supply and promote regeneration of skeletal muscle regeneration. Increasing evidence revealed that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a lipid signaling molecule, has significant therapeutic potential for tissue repair and regeneration. Though PGE2 has been well reported in tissue regeneration, the application of PGE2 is hampered by its short half-life in vivo and the lack of a viable system for sustained release of PGE2. RESULTS In this study, we designed and synthesized a new PGE2 release matrix by chemically bonding PGE2 to collagen. Our results revealed that the PGE2 matrix effectively extends the half-life of PGE2 in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the PGE2 matrix markedly improved neovascularization by increasing angiogenesis, as confirmed by bioluminescence imaging (BLI). Furthermore, the PGE2 matrix exhibits superior therapeutic efficacy in the hindlimb ischemia model through the activation of MyoD1-mediated muscle stem cells, which is consistent with accelerated structural recovery of skeletal muscle, as evidenced by histological analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the chemical bonding strategy of chemical bonding PGE2 to collagen for sustained release and may facilitate the development of PGE2-based therapies to significantly improve tissue regeneration.
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211
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Richardson L, Wang D, Hughes R, Johnson CA, Peckham M. RNA-Seq analysis of a Pax3-expressing myoblast clone in-vitro and effect of culture surface stiffness on differentiation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2841. [PMID: 35181706 PMCID: PMC8857316 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06795-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle satellite cells cultured on soft surfaces (12 kPa) show improved differentiation than cells cultured on stiff surfaces (approximately 100 kPa). To better understand the reasons for this, we performed an RNA-Seq analysis for a single satellite cell clone (C1F) derived from the H2kb-tsA58 immortomouse, which differentiates into myotubes under tightly regulated conditions (withdrawal of ɣ-interferon, 37 °C). The largest change in overall gene expression occurred at day 1, as cells switched from proliferation to differentiation. Surprisingly, further analysis showed that proliferating C1F cells express Pax3 and not Pax7, confirmed by immunostaining, yet their subsequent differentiation into myotubes is normal, and enhanced on softer surfaces, as evidenced by significantly higher expression levels of myogenic regulatory factors, sarcomeric genes, enhanced fusion and improved myofibrillogenesis. Levels of mRNA encoding extracellular matrix structural constituents and related genes were consistently upregulated on hard surfaces, suggesting that a consequence of differentiating satellite cells on hard surfaces is that they attempt to manipulate their niche prior to differentiating. This comprehensive RNA-Seq dataset will be a useful resource for understanding Pax3 expressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Richardson
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Dapeng Wang
- LeedsOmics, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Ruth Hughes
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Colin A Johnson
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Michelle Peckham
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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212
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Hsu JY, Danis EP, Nance S, O'Brien JH, Gustafson AL, Wessells VM, Goodspeed AE, Talbot JC, Amacher SL, Jedlicka P, Black JC, Costello JC, Durbin AD, Artinger KB, Ford HL. SIX1 reprograms myogenic transcription factors to maintain the rhabdomyosarcoma undifferentiated state. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110323. [PMID: 35108532 PMCID: PMC8917510 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a pediatric muscle sarcoma characterized by expression of the myogenic lineage transcription factors (TFs) MYOD1 and MYOG. Despite high expression of these TFs, RMS cells fail to terminally differentiate, suggesting the presence of factors that alter their functions. Here, we demonstrate that the developmental TF SIX1 is highly expressed in RMS and critical for maintaining a muscle progenitor-like state. SIX1 loss induces differentiation of RMS cells into myotube-like cells and impedes tumor growth in vivo. We show that SIX1 maintains the RMS undifferentiated state by controlling enhancer activity and MYOD1 occupancy at loci more permissive to tumor growth over muscle differentiation. Finally, we demonstrate that a gene signature derived from SIX1 loss correlates with differentiation status and predicts RMS progression in human disease. Our findings demonstrate a master regulatory role of SIX1 in repression of RMS differentiation via genome-wide alterations in MYOD1 and MYOG-mediated transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Y Hsu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (UC-AMC), Aurora, CO, USA; Pharmacology Graduate Program, UC-AMC, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Etienne P Danis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (UC-AMC), Aurora, CO, USA; University of Colorado Cancer Center, UC-AMC, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Stephanie Nance
- Division of Molecular Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jenean H O'Brien
- Department of Biology, College of St. Scholastica, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Annika L Gustafson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (UC-AMC), Aurora, CO, USA; Molecular Biology Graduate Program, UC-AMC, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Andrew E Goodspeed
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (UC-AMC), Aurora, CO, USA; University of Colorado Cancer Center, UC-AMC, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jared C Talbot
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Sharon L Amacher
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Joshua C Black
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (UC-AMC), Aurora, CO, USA; Pharmacology Graduate Program, UC-AMC, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - James C Costello
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (UC-AMC), Aurora, CO, USA; Pharmacology Graduate Program, UC-AMC, Aurora, CO, USA; University of Colorado Cancer Center, UC-AMC, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Adam D Durbin
- Division of Molecular Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kristin B Artinger
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, UC-AMC, Aurora, CO, USA; University of Colorado Cancer Center, UC-AMC, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Heide L Ford
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (UC-AMC), Aurora, CO, USA; Pharmacology Graduate Program, UC-AMC, Aurora, CO, USA; University of Colorado Cancer Center, UC-AMC, Aurora, CO, USA.
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213
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Yang W, Yang L, Wang J, Zhang Y, Li S, Yin Q, Suo J, Ma R, Ye Y, Cheng H, Li J, Hui J, Hu P. Msi2-mediated MiR7a-1 processing repression promotes myogenesis. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:728-742. [PMID: 34877814 PMCID: PMC8818652 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most of the microRNAs (MiRs) involved in myogenesis are transcriptional regulated. The role of MiR biogenesis in myogenesis has not been characterized yet. RNA-binding protein Musashi 2 (Msi2) is considered to be one of the major drivers for oncogenesis and stem cell proliferation. The functions of Msi2 in myogenesis have not been explored yet. We sought to investigate Msi2-regulated biogenesis of MiRs in myogenesis and muscle stem cell (MuSC) ageing. METHODS We detected the expression of Msi2 in MuSCs and differentiated myotubes by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot. Msi2-binding partner human antigen R (HuR) was identified by immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry analysis. The cooperative binding of Msi2 and HuR on MiR7a-1 was analysed by RNA immunoprecipitation and electrophoresis mobility shift assays. The inhibition of the processing of pri-MiR7a-1 mediated by Msi2 and HuR was shown by Msi2 and HuR knockdown. Immunofluorescent staining, RT-qPCR and immunoblotting were used to characterize the function of MiR7a-1 in myogenesis. Msi2 and HuR up-regulate cryptochrome circadian regulator 2 (Cry2) via MiR7a-1 was confirmed by the luciferase assay and western blot. The post-transcriptional regulatory cascade was further confirmed by RNAi and overexpressing of Msi2 and HuR in MuSCs, and the in vivo function was characterized by histopathological and molecular biological methods in Msi2 knockout mice. RESULTS We identified a post-transcription regulatory cascade governed by a pair of RNA-binding proteins Msi2 and HuR. Msi2 is enriched in differentiated muscle cells and promotes MuSC differentiation despite its pro-proliferation functions in other cell types. Msi2 works synergistically with another RNA-binding protein HuR to repress the biogenesis of MiR7a-1 in an Msi2 dose-dependent manner to regulate the translation of the key component of the circadian core oscillator complex Cry2. Down-regulation of Cry2 (0.6-fold, vs. control, P < 0.05) mediated by MiR7a-1 represses MuSC differentiation. The disruption of this cascade leads to differentiation defects of MuSCs. In aged muscles, Msi2 (0.3-fold, vs. control, P < 0.01) expression declined, and the Cry2 protein level also decreases (0.5-fold, vs. control, P < 0.05), suggesting that the disruption of the Msi2-mediated post-transcriptional regulatory cascade could attribute to the declined ability of muscle regeneration in aged skeletal muscle. CONCLUSIONS Our findings have identified a new post-transcriptional cascade regulating myogenesis. The cascade is disrupted in skeletal muscle ageing, which leads to declined muscle regeneration ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Yang
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lele Yang
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.,Max Planck Center for Tissue Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinlong Suo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth 's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruimiao Ma
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.,Max Planck Center for Tissue Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuzhen Ye
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.,Max Planck Center for Tissue Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinsong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyi Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.,Max Planck Center for Tissue Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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214
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Anderson JE. Key concepts in muscle regeneration: muscle "cellular ecology" integrates a gestalt of cellular cross-talk, motility, and activity to remodel structure and restore function. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:273-300. [PMID: 34928395 PMCID: PMC8685813 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04865-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review identifies some key concepts of muscle regeneration, viewed from perspectives of classical and modern research. Early insights noted the pattern and sequence of regeneration across species was similar, regardless of the type of injury, and differed from epimorphic limb regeneration. While potential benefits of exercise for tissue repair was debated, regeneration was not presumed to deliver functional restoration, especially after ischemia-reperfusion injury; muscle could develop fibrosis and ectopic bone and fat. Standard protocols and tools were identified as necessary for tracking injury and outcomes. Current concepts vastly extend early insights. Myogenic regeneration occurs within the environment of muscle tissue. Intercellular cross-talk generates an interactive system of cellular networks that with the extracellular matrix and local, regional, and systemic influences, forms the larger gestalt of the satellite cell niche. Regenerative potential and adaptive plasticity are overlain by epigenetically regionalized responsiveness and contributions by myogenic, endothelial, and fibroadipogenic progenitors and inflammatory and metabolic processes. Muscle architecture is a living portrait of functional regulatory hierarchies, while cellular dynamics, physical activity, and muscle-tendon-bone biomechanics arbitrate regeneration. The scope of ongoing research-from molecules and exosomes to morphology and physiology-reveals compelling new concepts in muscle regeneration that will guide future discoveries for use in application to fitness, rehabilitation, and disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy E Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
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215
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Shepherd DW, Norris JM, Simpson BS, Player DJ, Whitaker HC. Effects of photobiomodulation therapy on regulation of myogenic regulatory factor mRNA expression in vivo: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202100219. [PMID: 34799996 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive promotion of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs), through photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), may be a viable method of facilitating skeletal muscle regeneration post-injury, given the importance of MRF in skeletal muscle regeneration. The aim of this systematic review was to collate current evidence, identifying key themes and changes in expression of MRF in in vivo models. Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane databases were systematically searched and identified 1459 studies, of which 10 met the inclusion criteria. Myogenic determination factor was most consistently regulated in response to PBMT treatment, and the expression of remaining MRFs was heterogenous. All studies exhibited a high risk of bias, primarily due to lack of blinding in PBMT application and MRF analysis. Our review suggests that the current evidence base for MRF expression from PBMT is highly variable. Future research should focus on developing a robust methodology for determining the effect of laser therapy on MRF expression, as well as long-term assessment of skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Shepherd
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joseph M Norris
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Urology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Benjamin S Simpson
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Darren J Player
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hayley C Whitaker
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
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216
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Ganassi M, Muntoni F, Zammit PS. Defining and identifying satellite cell-opathies within muscular dystrophies and myopathies. Exp Cell Res 2022; 411:112906. [PMID: 34740639 PMCID: PMC8784828 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies and congenital myopathies arise from specific genetic mutations causing skeletal muscle weakness that reduces quality of life. Muscle health relies on resident muscle stem cells called satellite cells, which enable life-course muscle growth, maintenance, repair and regeneration. Such tuned plasticity gradually diminishes in muscle diseases, suggesting compromised satellite cell function. A central issue however, is whether the pathogenic mutation perturbs satellite cell function directly and/or indirectly via an increasingly hostile microenvironment as disease progresses. Here, we explore the effects on satellite cell function of pathogenic mutations in genes (myopathogenes) that associate with muscle disorders, to evaluate clinical and muscle pathological hallmarks that define dysfunctional satellite cells. We deploy transcriptomic analysis and comparison between muscular dystrophies and myopathies to determine the contribution of satellite cell dysfunction using literature, expression dynamics of myopathogenes and their response to the satellite cell regulator PAX7. Our multimodal approach extends current pathological classifications to define Satellite Cell-opathies: muscle disorders in which satellite cell dysfunction contributes to pathology. Primary Satellite Cell-opathies are conditions where mutations in a myopathogene directly affect satellite cell function, such as in Progressive Congenital Myopathy with Scoliosis (MYOSCO) and Carey-Fineman-Ziter Syndrome (CFZS). Primary satellite cell-opathies are generally characterised as being congenital with general hypotonia, and specific involvement of respiratory, trunk and facial muscles, although serum CK levels are usually within the normal range. Secondary Satellite Cell-opathies have mutations in myopathogenes that affect both satellite cells and muscle fibres. Such classification aids diagnosis and predicting probable disease course, as well as informing on treatment and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Ganassi
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Peter S Zammit
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
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217
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Hu M, Kuang R, Guo Y, Ma R, Hou Y, Xu Y, Qi X, Wang D, Zhou H, Xiong Y, Han X, Zhang J, Ruan J, Li X, Zhao S, Zhao Y, Xu X. Epigenomics analysis of miRNA cis-regulatory elements in pig muscle and fat tissues. Genomics 2022; 114:110276. [PMID: 35104610 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Although large-scale and accurate identification of cis-regulatory elements on pig protein-coding and long non-coding genes has been reported, similar study on pig miRNAs is still lacking. Here, we systematically characterized the cis-regulatory elements of pig miRNAs in muscle and fat by adopting miRNAomes, ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq, RNA-seq and Hi-C data. In total, the cis-regulatory elements of 257 (85.95%) expressed miRNAs including 226 known and 31 novel miRNAs were identified. Especially, the miRNAs associated with super-enhancers, active promoters, and "A" compartment were significantly higher than those associated by typical enhancers, prompters without H3K27ac, and "B" compartment, respectively. The tissue specific transcription factors were the primary determination of core miRNA expression pattern in muscle and fat. Moreover, the miRNA promoters are more evolutionarily conserved than miRNA enhancers, like other type genes. Our study adds additional important information to existing pig epigenetic data and provides essential resource for future in-depth investigation of pig epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Renzhuo Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Yaping Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Ruixian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Ye Hou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Yueyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Daoyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Honghong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Youcai Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaosong Han
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Jinfu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Jinxue Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuhong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China.
| | - Xuewen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.
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218
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Barrett P, Quick TJ, Mudera V, Player DJ. Neuregulin 1 Drives Morphological and Phenotypical Changes in C2C12 Myotubes: Towards De Novo Formation of Intrafusal Fibres In Vitro. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:760260. [PMID: 35087826 PMCID: PMC8787273 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.760260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle spindles are sensory organs that detect and mediate both static and dynamic muscle stretch and monitor muscle position, through a specialised cell population, termed intrafusal fibres. It is these fibres that provide a key contribution to proprioception and muscle spindle dysfunction is associated with multiple neuromuscular diseases, aging and nerve injuries. To date, there are few publications focussed on de novo generation and characterisation of intrafusal muscle fibres in vitro. To this end, current models of skeletal muscle focus on extrafusal fibres and lack an appreciation for the afferent functions of the muscle spindle. The goal of this study was to produce and define intrafusal bag and chain myotubes from differentiated C2C12 myoblasts, utilising the addition of the developmentally associated protein, Neuregulin 1 (Nrg-1). Intrafusal bag myotubes have a fusiform shape and were assigned using statistical morphological parameters. The model was further validated using immunofluorescent microscopy and western blot analysis, directed against an extensive list of putative intrafusal specific markers, as identified in vivo. The addition of Nrg-1 treatment resulted in a 5-fold increase in intrafusal bag myotubes (as assessed by morphology) and increased protein and gene expression of the intrafusal specific transcription factor, Egr3. Surprisingly, Nrg-1 treated myotubes had significantly reduced gene and protein expression of many intrafusal specific markers and showed no specificity towards intrafusal bag morphology. Another novel finding highlights a proliferative effect for Nrg-1 during the serum starvation-initiated differentiation phase, leading to increased nuclei counts, paired with less myotube area per myonuclei. Therefore, despite no clear collective evidence for specific intrafusal development, Nrg-1 treated myotubes share two inherent characteristics of intrafusal fibres, which contain increased satellite cell numbers and smaller myonuclear domains compared with their extrafusal neighbours. This research represents a minimalistic, monocellular C2C12 model for progression towards de novo intrafusal skeletal muscle generation, with the most extensive characterisation to date. Integration of intrafusal myotubes, characteristic of native, in vivo intrafusal skeletal muscle into future biomimetic tissue engineered models could provide platforms for developmental or disease state studies, pre-clinical screening, or clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Barrett
- Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tom J Quick
- Peripheral Nerve Injury Research Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,UCL Centre for Nerve Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vivek Mudera
- Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Darren J Player
- Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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219
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Amino Acids and IGF1 Regulation of Fish Muscle Growth Revealed by Transcriptome and microRNAome Integrative Analyses of Pacu ( Piaractus mesopotamicus) Myotubes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031180. [PMID: 35163102 PMCID: PMC8835699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acids (AA) and IGF1 have been demonstrated to play essential roles in protein synthesis and fish muscle growth. The myoblast cell culture is useful for studying muscle regulation, and omics data have contributed enormously to understanding its molecular biology. However, to our knowledge, no study has performed the large-scale sequencing of fish-cultured muscle cells stimulated with pro-growth signals. In this work, we obtained the transcriptome and microRNAome of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus)-cultured myotubes treated with AA or IGF1. We identified 1228 and 534 genes differentially expressed by AA and IGF1. An enrichment analysis showed that AA treatment induced chromosomal changes, mitosis, and muscle differentiation, while IGF1 modulated IGF/PI3K signaling, metabolic alteration, and matrix structure. In addition, potential molecular markers were similarly modulated by both treatments. Muscle-miRNAs (miR-1, -133, -206 and -499) were up-regulated, especially in AA samples, and we identified molecular networks with omics integration. Two pairs of genes and miRNAs demonstrated a high-level relationship, and involvement in myogenesis and muscle growth: marcksb and miR-29b in AA, and mmp14b and miR-338-5p in IGF1. Our work helps to elucidate fish muscle physiology and metabolism, highlights potential molecular markers, and creates a perspective for improvements in aquaculture and in in vitro meat production.
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Olguín HC. The Gentle Side of the UPS: Ubiquitin-Proteasome System and the Regulation of the Myogenic Program. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:821839. [PMID: 35127730 PMCID: PMC8811165 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.821839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) has emerged as an important regulator of stem cell function. Here we review recent findings indicating that UPS also plays critical roles in the biology of satellite cells, the muscle stem cell responsible for its maintenance and regeneration. While we focus our attention on the control of key transcriptional regulators of satellite cell function, we briefly discuss early studies suggesting the UPS participates more broadly in the regulation of satellite cell stemness and regenerative capacity.
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Huang CN, Liu CL, Zeng SQ, Liu CB, Si WJ, Yuan Y, Ren LX, He YM, Zhang WY, Zhang HY, Zeng Y, Han YG, Na RS, Ee GX, Huang YF. Identification of differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs and messenger RNAs involved with muscle development in Dazu black goats through RNA sequencing. Anim Biotechnol 2022:1-9. [PMID: 34985384 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.2020804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the genetic basis of muscle development in goats. The transcriptome dataset for differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of goat muscle at different developmental stages were obtained using RNA-Seq. A total of 447,806,481 and 587,559,465 clean reads in the longissimus dorsi muscle of Dazu black goats between 75d embryonic stage and 1d after birth were generated through Illumina paired-end sequencing, and their mapping rates were 89.82 and 90.99%, respectively. Moreover, 4517 DEGs and 648 DELs were identified, and 4784 lncRNA-mRNA targeting relationships were predicted. Gene function annotation results showed that 4101 DEGs were significantly enriched to 1098 GO terms, and 2014 DEGs were significantly enriched to 40 KEGG pathways, including many GO terms and pathways related to muscle development, such as cell differentiation and Wnt signaling pathway. Then, 10 DELs and 20 DEGs were randomly selected for RT-qPCR verification, and the agreement rate between the verification and RNA-Seq results was 90%, indicating the high reliability of the RNA-Seq data analysis. In conclusion, this study obtained several mRNAs and lncRNAs related to the muscle development of Dazu black goats and identified several targeted regulatory pairs of lncRNA-mRNA. This study may serve as a reference to understand the genetic basis and molecular mechanism of muscle development in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Nan Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng-Li Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shi-Qi Zeng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chang-Bao Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei-Jiang Si
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li-Xin Ren
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong-Meng He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei-Yi Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao-Yuan Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan-Guo Han
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ri-Su Na
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guang-Xin Ee
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong-Fu Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Li M, Xu F, Liu Z, Wang C, Zhao Y, Zhu G, Shen X. TNF Signaling Acts Downstream of MiR-322/-503 in Regulating DM1 Myogenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:843202. [PMID: 35464065 PMCID: PMC9021394 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.843202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is caused by the expanded CUG repeats and usually displays defective myogenesis. Although we previously reported that ectopic miR-322/-503 expression improved myogenesis in DM1 by targeting the toxic RNA, the underlying pathways regulating myogenesis that were aberrantly altered in DM1 and rescued by miR-322/-503 were still unknown. Here, we constructed DM1 and miR-322/-503 overexpressing DM1 myoblast models, which were subjected to in vitro myoblast differentiation along with their corresponding controls. Agreeing with previous findings, DM1 myoblast showed remarkable myogenesis defects, while miR-322/-503 overexpression successfully rescued the defects. By RNA sequencing, we noticed that Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling was the only pathway that was significantly and oppositely altered in these two experimental sets, with it upregulated in DM1 and inhibited by miR-322/-503 overexpression. Consistently, hyperactivity of TNF signaling was detected in two DM1 mouse models. Blocking TNF signaling significantly rescued the myogenesis defects in DM1. On the contrary, TNF-α treatment abolished the rescue effect of miR-322/-503 on DM1 myogenesis. Taking together, these results implied that TNF signaling mediated the myogenesis defects in DM1 and might act downstream of miR-322/-503 in regulating the myogenesis in DM1. Moreover, the inhibition of TNF signaling benefiting myogenesis in DM1 provided us with a novel therapeutic strategy for DM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedicine in Gene Diseases and Health of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Zhongxian Liu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedicine in Gene Diseases and Health of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Chunguang Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedicine in Gene Diseases and Health of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedicine in Gene Diseases and Health of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Guoping Zhu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedicine in Gene Diseases and Health of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaopeng Shen, ; Guoping Zhu,
| | - Xiaopeng Shen
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedicine in Gene Diseases and Health of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaopeng Shen, ; Guoping Zhu,
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Romagnoli C, Iantomasi T, Brandi ML. Available In Vitro Models for Human Satellite Cells from Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413221. [PMID: 34948017 PMCID: PMC8706222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle accounts for almost 40% of the total adult human body mass. This tissue is essential for structural and mechanical functions such as posture, locomotion, and breathing, and it is endowed with an extraordinary ability to adapt to physiological changes associated with growth and physical exercise, as well as tissue damage. Moreover, skeletal muscle is the most age-sensitive tissue in mammals. Due to aging, but also to several diseases, muscle wasting occurs with a loss of muscle mass and functionality, resulting from disuse atrophy and defective muscle regeneration, associated with dysfunction of satellite cells, which are the cells responsible for maintaining and repairing adult muscle. The most established cell lines commonly used to study muscle homeostasis come from rodents, but there is a need to study skeletal muscle using human models, which, due to ethical implications, consist primarily of in vitro culture, which is the only alternative way to vertebrate model organisms. This review will survey in vitro 2D/3D models of human satellite cells to assess skeletal muscle biology for pre-clinical investigations and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Romagnoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (C.R.); (T.I.)
| | - Teresa Iantomasi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (C.R.); (T.I.)
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- F.I.R.M.O. Italian Foundation for the Research on Bone Diseases, Via Reginaldo Giuliani 195/A, 50141 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Effect of Actin Alpha Cardiac Muscle 1 on the Proliferation and Differentiation of Bovine Myoblasts and Preadipocytes. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123468. [PMID: 34944244 PMCID: PMC8698029 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Marbling is an important factor affecting the quality of beef. The co-culture (myoblast-preadipocytes) system was successfully established in our lab in the early stage to simulate the internal environment of marbling. Within this environment, ACTC1 gene was a differentially expressed gene screened from the co-culture system. The gene was not expressed in monocultured adipocytes but was expressed in co-cultured adipocytes. Therefore, we hypothesize that the ACTC1 gene plays a role in the development of bovine myoblasts and preadipocytes. In this study, we explored the effect of ACTC1 gene on the proliferation and differentiation of bovine myoblasts and preadipocytes, aiming to discover the potential biological function of ACTC1 gene in muscle development and fat deposition. The results showed that ACTC1 could regulate the development of bovine myoblasts and preadipocytes, and ACTC1 could be used as an important target for improving beef quality in the future. Abstract Actin Alpha Cardiac Muscle 1 (ACTC1) gene is a differentially expressed gene screened through the co-culture system of myoblasts-preadipocytes. In order to study the role of this gene in the process of proliferation and differentiation of bovine myoblasts and preadipocytes, the methods of the knockdown, overexpression, and ectopic expression of ACTC1 were used in this study. After ACTC1 knockdown in bovine myoblasts and inducing differentiation, the sizes and numbers of myotube formation were significantly reduced compared to the control group, and myogenic marker genes—MYOD1, MYOG, MYH3, MRF4, MYF5, CKM and MEF2A—were significantly decreased (p < 0.05, p < 0.01) at both the mRNA and protein levels of myoblasts at different differentiation stages (D0, D2, D4, D6 and D8). Conversely, ACTC1 overexpression induced the inverse result. After ectopic expression of ACTC1 in bovine preadipocytes and induced differentiation, the number and size of lipid droplets were significantly higher than those of the control group, and the expression of adipogenic marker genes—FABP4, SCD1, PPARγ and FASN—were significantly increased (p < 0.05, p < 0.01) at the mRNA and protein levels of preadipocytes at different differentiation stages. Flow cytometry results showed that both the knockdown and overexpression of ACTC1 inhibited the normal cell cycle of myoblasts; however, ectopic expression of ACTC1 in adipocytes induced no significant cell cycle changes. This study is the first to explore the role of ACTC1 in bovine myogenesis and lipogenesis and demonstrates that ACTC1 promotes the differentiation of bovine myoblasts and preadipocytes, affecting the proliferation of myoblasts.
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Yang Y, Xu Q, Li T, Shao S. Trimetazidine ameliorates hindlimb ischaemic damage in type 2 diabetic mice. Ann Med 2021; 53:1099-1107. [PMID: 34259103 PMCID: PMC8281072 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.1925147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischaemia caused by lower extremity artery stenosis is the main cause of peripheral artery disease (PAD) in patients with diabetes. Trimetazidine (TMZ) has traditionally been used as an anti-ischaemic drug for coronary artery disease. The effect of TMZ on PAD in a diabetic animal model and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS The db/db mice were challenged with femoral artery ligation (FAL), followed by TMZ treatment for 2 weeks. Scores on hindlimb ischaemia and function were evaluated. Histological and capillary density analyses of gastrocnemius were performed. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and myogenic regulators was also confirmed by Western blotting. We also detected serum intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) level through ELISA. RESULTS Diabetic mice exhibited limb ulceration and motor dysfunction after FAL while TMZ-treated db/db mice exhibited milder ischaemic impairment. Furthermore, decreased capillary density in the gastrocnemius muscles of ischaemic hindlimb and reduced expressions of VEGF, myogenic markers, and serum ICAM-1 could be partially reversed by TMZ treatment. CONCLUSION TMZ may alleviate hindlimb ischaemic damage in db/db mice, at least partly, through enhancing angiogenesis and promoting myogenesis in ischaemia region.Key messagesTMZ intervention could alleviate hindlimb ischaemic damage in db/db mice.TMZ intervention could enhance angiogenesis and stimulate myogenesis in ischaemia region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Division of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, PR China
- Branch of national clinical research center for metabolic diseases, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qinqin Xu
- Division of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, PR China
- Branch of national clinical research center for metabolic diseases, Hubei, PR China
| | - Tao Li
- Division of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Shiying Shao
- Division of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, PR China
- Branch of national clinical research center for metabolic diseases, Hubei, PR China
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Sikorska M, Dutkiewicz M, Zegrocka-Stendel O, Kowalewska M, Grabowska I, Koziak K. Beneficial effects of β-escin on muscle regeneration in rat model of skeletal muscle injury. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 93:153791. [PMID: 34666284 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent advancements in understanding β-escin action provide basis for new therapeutic claims for the drug. β-escin-evoked attenuation of NF-κB-dependent signaling, increase in MMP-14 and decrease in COUP-TFII content and a rise in cholesterol biosynthesis could be beneficial in alleviating muscle-damaging processes. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of β-escin on skeletal muscle regeneration. METHODS Rat model of cardiotoxin-induced injury of fast-twich extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and slow-twich soleus (SOL) muscles and C2C12 myoblast cells were used in the study. We evaluated muscles obtained on day 3 and 14 post-injury by histological analyses of muscle fibers, connective tissue, and mononuclear infiltrate, by immunolocalization of macrophages and by qPCR to quantify the expression of muscle regeneration-related genes. Mechanism of drug action was investigated in vitro by assessing cell viability, NF-κB activation, MMP-2 and MMP-9 secretion, and ALDH activity. RESULTS In rat model, β-escin rescues regenerating muscles from atrophy. The drug reduces inflammatory infiltration, increases the number of muscle fibers and decreases fibrosis. β-escin reduces macrophage infiltration into injured muscles and promotes their M2 polarization. It also alters transcription of muscle regeneration-related genes: Myf5, Myh2, Myh3, Myh8, Myod1, Pax3 and Pax7, and Pcna. In C2C12 myoblasts in vitro, β-escin inhibits TNF-α-induced activation of NF-κB, reduces secretion of MMP-9 and increases ALDH activity. CONCLUSIONS The data reveal beneficial role of β-escin in muscle regeneration, particularly in poorly regenerating slow-twitch muscles. The findings provide rationale for further studies on β-escin repositioning into conditions associated with muscle damage such as strenuous exercise, drug-induced myotoxicity or age-related disuse atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sikorska
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Dutkiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Oliwia Zegrocka-Stendel
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kowalewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, ul. Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Grabowska
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, ul. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Koziak
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
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Cho HJ, Kim H, Lee YS, Moon SA, Kim JM, Kim H, Kim MJ, Yu J, Kim K, Baek IJ, Lee SH, Ahn KH, Kim S, Kang JS, Koh JM. SLIT3 promotes myogenic differentiation as a novel therapeutic factor against muscle loss. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:1724-1740. [PMID: 34423586 PMCID: PMC8718016 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia and osteoporosis frequently co-occur in the elderly and have common pathophysiological determinants. Slit guidance ligand 3 (SLIT3) has been recently discovered as a novel therapeutic factor against osteoporosis, and a SLIT3 fragment containing the second leucine-rich repeat domain (LRRD2) had a therapeutic efficacy against osteoporosis. However, a role of SLIT3 in the skeletal muscle is unknown. METHODS Skeletal muscle mass, strength, and/or physical activity were evaluated in Slit3-/- , ovariectomized, and aged mice, based on the measurements of muscle weight and grip strength, Kondziella's inverted hanging test, and/or wheel-running test. Skeletal muscles were also histologically evaluated by haematoxylin and eosin staining and/or immunofluorescence. The ovariectomized and aged mice were intravenously injected with recombinant SLIT3 LRRD2 for 4 weeks. C2C12 cells were used to know cellular effects of SLIT3, such as in vitro myogenesis, fusion, cell viability, and proliferation, and also used to evaluate its molecular mechanisms by immunocytochemistry, immunoprecipitation, western blotting, real-time PCR, siRNA transfection, and receptor-ligand binding ELISA. RESULTS Slit3-deficient mice exhibited decreased skeletal muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical activity. The relative masses of gastrocnemius and soleus were lower in the Slit3-/- mice (0.580 ± 0.039% and 0.033 ± 0.003%, respectively) than those in the WT littermates (0.622 ± 0.043% and 0.038 ± 0.003%, respectively) (all, P < 0.05). Gastrocnemius of Slit3-/- mice showed the reduced number of Type I and Type IIa fibres (all, P < 0.05), but not of Type IIb and Type IIx fibres. SLIT3 activated β-catenin signalling by promoting its release from M-cadherin, thereby increasing myogenin expression to stimulate myoblast differentiation. In vitro experiments involving ROBO2 expression, knockdown, and interaction with SLIT3 indicated that ROBO2 functions as a SLIT3 receptor to aid myoblast differentiation. SLIT3 LRRD2 dissociated M-cadherin-bound β-catenin and up-regulated myogenin expression to increase myoblast differentiation, in a manner similar to full-length SLIT3. Systemic treatment with SLIT3 LRRD2 increased skeletal muscle mass in both ovariectomized and aged mice (all, P < 0.05). The relative masses of gastrocnemius and soleus were higher in the treated aged mice (0.548 ± 0.045% and 0.033 ± 0.005%, respectively) than in the untreated aged mice (0.508 ± 0.016% and 0.028 ± 0.003%, respectively) (all, P < 0.05). SLIT3 LRRD2 treatment increased the hanging duration of the aged mice by approximately 1.7-fold (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS SLIT3 plays a sarcoprotective role by activating β-catenin signalling. SLIT3 LRRD2 can potentially be used as a therapeutic agent against muscle loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Jin Cho
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeonmok Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Sun Lee
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Ah Moon
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Man Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hanjun Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Yu
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyunggon Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In-Jeoung Baek
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hun Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Sungsub Kim
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jong-Sun Kang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jung-Min Koh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Li-Li F, Bo-Wen L, Yue X, Zhen-Jun T, Meng-Xin C. Aerobic exercise and resistance exercise alleviate skeletal muscle atrophy through IGF-1/IGF-1R-PI3K/Akt pathway in mice with myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 322:C164-C176. [PMID: 34852207 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00344.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Myocardial infarction (MI)-induced heart failure (HF) is commonly accompanied with profound effects on skeletal muscle. With the process of MI-induced HF, perturbations in skeletal muscle contribute to muscle atrophy. Exercise is viewed as a feasible strategy to prevent muscle atrophy. The aims of this study were to investigate whether exercise could alleviate MI-induced skeletal muscle atrophy via insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) pathway in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male C57/BL6 mice were used to establish the MI model and divided into three groups: sedentary MI group, MI with aerobic exercise group and MI with resistance exercise group, sham-operated group was used as control. Exercise-trained animals were subjected to four-weeks of aerobic exercise (AE) or resistance exercise (RE). Cardiac function, muscle weight, myofiber size, levels of IGF-1 signaling and proteins related to myogenesis, protein synthesis and degradation and cell apoptosis in gastrocnemius muscle were detected. And H2O2-treated C2C12 cells were intervened with recombinant human IGF-1, IGF-1R inhibitor NVP-AEW541 and PI3K inhibitor LY294002 to explore the mechanism. Results:Exercises up-regulated the IGF-1/IGF-1R-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling, increased the expressions of Pax7, myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) and protein synthesis, reduced protein degradation and cell apoptosis in MI-mice. In vitro, IGF-1 up-regulated the levels of Pax7 and MRFs, mTOR and P70S6K, reduced MuRF1, MAFbx and inhibited cell apoptosis via IGF-1R-PI3K/Akt pathway. CONCLUSION AE and RE, safely and effectively, alleviate skeletal muscle atrophy by regulating the levels of myogenesis, protein degradation and cells apoptosis in mice with MI via activating IGF-1/IGF-1R-PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li-Li
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Bo-Wen
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.,College of Education, Physical Education Department, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Xi Yue
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tian Zhen-Jun
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cai Meng-Xin
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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Romagnoli C, Brandi ML. Muscle Physiopathology in Parathyroid Hormone Disorders. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:764346. [PMID: 34746197 PMCID: PMC8569254 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.764346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone disorders are a group of diseases in which secretion of parathormone (PTH) is impaired. The disorders that result are characterized by signs and symptoms associated with the persistent presence of high blood calcium levels (hypercalcemia) related to hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), or reduced blood calcium levels (hypocalcemia) associated with hypoparathyroidism (HypoPT). In addition to the resulting alteration in bone microarchitecture and mass for both pathologies, patients also report problems with skeletal muscle due to a decrease in muscular strength, muscular dysfunction, and myopathies, which can be responsible for an increased risk of instability and fracture. Although the effect of PTH on bone is well established, and numerous studies suggest that PTH has an effect on skeletal muscle, knowledge about cellular e molecular mechanisms of action on skeletal muscle is very limited. Skeletal muscle is a tissue well known for its structural and mechanical actions and is endowed with an extraordinary ability to adapt to physiological changes. Research in skeletal muscle has increased over the last decade, its importance as an endocrine tissue also emerging, becoming itself a target of numerous substances and hormones. Parathyroid hormone disorders represent a starting point to understand whether PTH may have an effect on skeletal muscle. This review analyzes the basic research data reported to date on PTH and skeletal muscle, highlighting the importance of increasing our knowledge in this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Romagnoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- F.I.R.M.O. Italian Foundation for the Research on Bone Diseases, Florence, Italy
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230
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Liu Z, Lin L, Zhu H, Wu Z, Ding X, Hu R, Jiang Y, Tang C, Ding S, Guo R. YAP Promotes Cell Proliferation and Stemness Maintenance of Porcine Muscle Stem Cells under High-Density Condition. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113069. [PMID: 34831292 PMCID: PMC8621012 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle stem cells (MuSCs) isolated ex vivo are essential original cells to produce cultured meat. Currently, one of the main obstacles for cultured meat production derives from the limited capacity of large-scale amplification of MuSCs, especially under high-density culture condition. Here, we show that at higher cell densities, proliferation and differentiation capacities of porcine MuSCs are impaired. We investigate the roles of Hippo-YAP signaling, which is important regulators in response to cell contact inhibition. Interestingly, abundant but not functional YAP proteins are accumulated in MuSCs seeded at high density. When treated with lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), the activator of YAP, porcine MuSCs exhibit increased proliferation and elevated differentiation potential compared with control cells. Moreover, constitutively active YAP with deactivated phosphorylation sites, but not intact YAP, promotes cell proliferation and stemness maintenance of MuSCs. Together, we reveal a potential molecular target that enables massive MuSCs expansion for large-scale cultured meat production under high-density condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.L.); (L.L.); (H.Z.); (Z.W.); (X.D.); (R.H.); (Y.J.); (C.T.)
- National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ling Lin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.L.); (L.L.); (H.Z.); (Z.W.); (X.D.); (R.H.); (Y.J.); (C.T.)
- National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Haozhe Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.L.); (L.L.); (H.Z.); (Z.W.); (X.D.); (R.H.); (Y.J.); (C.T.)
- National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhongyuan Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.L.); (L.L.); (H.Z.); (Z.W.); (X.D.); (R.H.); (Y.J.); (C.T.)
- National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xi Ding
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.L.); (L.L.); (H.Z.); (Z.W.); (X.D.); (R.H.); (Y.J.); (C.T.)
- National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Rongrong Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.L.); (L.L.); (H.Z.); (Z.W.); (X.D.); (R.H.); (Y.J.); (C.T.)
- National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yichen Jiang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.L.); (L.L.); (H.Z.); (Z.W.); (X.D.); (R.H.); (Y.J.); (C.T.)
- National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Changbo Tang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.L.); (L.L.); (H.Z.); (Z.W.); (X.D.); (R.H.); (Y.J.); (C.T.)
- National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shijie Ding
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.L.); (L.L.); (H.Z.); (Z.W.); (X.D.); (R.H.); (Y.J.); (C.T.)
- National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (R.G.)
| | - Renpeng Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.L.); (L.L.); (H.Z.); (Z.W.); (X.D.); (R.H.); (Y.J.); (C.T.)
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (R.G.)
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Development and Characterization of Alkaline Phosphatase-Positive Human Umbilical Cord Perivascular Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113011. [PMID: 34831233 PMCID: PMC8616437 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human umbilical cord perivascular cells (HUCPVCs), harvested from human umbilical cord perivascular tissue, show potential for future use as an alternative to mesenchymal stromal cells. Here, we present the results for the characterization of the properties alkaline phosphatase-positive HUCPVCs (ALP(+)-HUCPVCs). These ALP(+)-HUCPVCs were created from HUCPVCs in this study by culturing in the presence of activated vitamin D3, an inhibitor of bone morphogenetic protein signaling and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1). The morphological characteristics, cell proliferation, gene expression, and mineralization-inducing ability of ALP(+)-HUCPVCs were investigated at the morphological, biological, and genetic levels. ALP(+)-HUCPVCs possess high ALP gene expression and activity in cells and a slow rate of cell growth. The morphology of ALP(+)-HUCPVCs is fibroblast-like, with an increase in actin filaments containing alpha-smooth muscle actin. In addition to ALP expression, the gene expression levels of type I collagen, osteopontin, elastin, fibrillin-1, and cluster of differentiation 90 are increased in ALP(+)-HUCPVCs. ALP(+)-HUCPVCs do not have the ability to induce mineralization nodules, which may be due to the restriction of phosphate uptake into matrix vesicles. Moreover, ALP(+)-HUCPVCs may produce anti-mineralization substances. We conclude that ALP(+)-HUCPVCs induced from HUCPVCs by a TGF-β1 stimulation possess myofibroblast-like properties that have little mineralization-inducing ability.
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232
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Masuzawa R, Takahashi K, Takano K, Nishino I, Sakai T, Endo T. DA-Raf and the MEK inhibitor trametinib reverse skeletal myocyte differentiation inhibition or muscle atrophy caused by myostatin and GDF11 through the non-Smad Ras-ERK pathway. J Biochem 2021; 171:109-122. [PMID: 34676394 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvab116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Myostatin (Mstn) and GDF11 are critical factors that are involved in muscle atrophy in the young and sarcopenia in the elderly, respectively. These TGF-β superfamily proteins activate not only Smad signaling but also non-Smad signaling including the Ras-mediated ERK pathway (Raf-MEK-ERK phosphorylation cascade). Although Mstn and GDF11 have been shown to induce muscle atrophy or sarcopenia by Smad2/3-mediated Akt inhibition, participation of the non-Smad Ras-ERK pathway in atrophy and sarcopenia has not been well determined. We show here that both Mstn and GDF11 prevented skeletal myocyte differentiation but that the MEK inhibitor U0126 or trametinib restored differentiation in Mstn- or GDF11-treated myocytes. These MEK inhibitors induced the expression of DA-Raf1 (DA-Raf), which is a dominant-negative antagonist of the Ras-ERK pathway. Exogenous expression of DA-Raf in Mstn- or GDF11-treated myocytes restored differentiation. Furthermore, administration of trametinib to aged mice resulted in an increase in myofiber size, or recovery from muscle atrophy. The trametinib administration downregulated ERK activity in these muscles. These results imply that the Mstn/GDF11-induced Ras-ERK pathway plays critical roles in the inhibition of myocyte differentiation and muscle regeneration, which leads to muscle atrophy. Trametinib and similar approved drugs might be applicable to the treatment of muscle atrophy in sarcopenia or cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Masuzawa
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoicho, Inageku, Chiba, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Kazuya Takahashi
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoicho, Inageku, Chiba, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Kazunori Takano
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoicho, Inageku, Chiba, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Ichizo Nishino
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakai
- Drug Discovery Center and Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Takeshi Endo
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoicho, Inageku, Chiba, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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Petry B, Moreira GCM, Copola AGL, de Souza MM, da Veiga FC, Jorge EC, de Oliveira Peixoto J, Ledur MC, Koltes JE, Coutinho LL. SAP30 Gene Is a Probable Regulator of Muscle Hypertrophy in Chickens. Front Genet 2021; 12:709937. [PMID: 34646299 PMCID: PMC8502938 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.709937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals with muscle hypertrophy phenotype are targeted by the broiler industry to increase the meat production and the quality of the final product. Studies characterizing the molecular machinery involved with these processes, such as quantitative trait loci studies, have been carried out identifying several candidate genes related to this trait; however, validation studies of these candidate genes in cell culture is scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate SAP30 as a candidate gene for muscle development and to validate its function in cell culture in vitro. The SAP30 gene was downregulated in C2C12 muscle cell culture using siRNA technology to evaluate its impact on morphometric traits and gene expression by RNA-seq analysis. Modulation of SAP30 expression increased C2C12 myotube area, indicating a role in muscle hypertrophy. RNA-seq analysis identified several upregulated genes annotated in muscle development in treated cells (SAP30-knockdown), corroborating the role of SAP30 gene in muscle development regulation. Here, we provide experimental evidence of the involvement of SAP30 gene as a regulator of muscle cell hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Petry
- Animal Science Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Gonçalves Lio Copola
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Cristina da Veiga
- Animal Science Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Erika Cristina Jorge
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - James E Koltes
- Animal Science Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Luiz Lehmann Coutinho
- Animal Science Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
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234
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Gene expression changes in vastus lateralis muscle after different strength training regimes during rehabilitation following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258635. [PMID: 34648569 PMCID: PMC8516190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired muscle regeneration has repeatedly been described after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R). The results of recent studies provided some evidence for negative alterations in knee extensor muscles after ACL-R causing persisting strength deficits in spite of the regain of muscle mass. Accordingly, we observed that 12 weeks of concentric/eccentric quadriceps strength training with eccentric overload (CON/ECC+) induced a significantly greater hypertrophy of the atrophied quadriceps muscle after ACL-R than conventional concentric/eccentric quadriceps strength training (CON/ECC). However, strength deficits persisted and there was an unexpected increase in the proportion of slow type I fibers instead of the expected shift towards a faster muscle phenotype after CON/ECC+. In order to shed further light on muscle recovery after ACL-R, the steady-state levels of 84 marker mRNAs were analyzed in biopsies obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle of 31 subjects before and after 12 weeks of CON/ECC+ (n = 18) or CON/ECC strength training (n = 13) during rehabilitation after ACL-R using a custom RT2 Profiler PCR array. Significant (p < 0.05) changes were detected in the expression of 26 mRNAs, several of them involved in muscle wasting/atrophy. A different pattern with regard to the strength training mode was observed for 16 mRNAs, indicating an enhanced hypertrophic stimulus, mechanical sensing or fast contractility after CON/ECC+. The effects of the type of autograft (quadriceps, QUAD, n = 19, or semitendinosus tendon, SEMI, n = 12) were reflected in the lower expression of 6 mRNAs involved in skeletal muscle hypertrophy or contractility in QUAD. In conclusion, the greater hypertrophic stimulus and mechanical stress induced by CON/ECC+ and a beginning shift towards a faster muscle phenotype after CON/ECC+ might be indicated by significant gene expression changes as well as still ongoing muscle wasting processes and a negative impact of QUAD autograft.
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235
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Rodriguez-Outeiriño L, Hernandez-Torres F, Ramírez-de Acuña F, Matías-Valiente L, Sanchez-Fernandez C, Franco D, Aranega AE. Muscle Satellite Cell Heterogeneity: Does Embryonic Origin Matter? Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:750534. [PMID: 34722534 PMCID: PMC8554119 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.750534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle regeneration is an important homeostatic process of adult skeletal muscle that recapitulates many aspects of embryonic myogenesis. Satellite cells (SCs) are the main muscle stem cells responsible for skeletal muscle regeneration. SCs reside between the myofiber basal lamina and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber in a quiescent state. However, in response to physiological stimuli or muscle trauma, activated SCs transiently re-enter the cell cycle to proliferate and subsequently exit the cell cycle to differentiate or self-renew. Recent evidence has stated that SCs display functional heterogeneity linked to regenerative capability with an undifferentiated subgroup that is more prone to self-renewal, as well as committed progenitor cells ready for myogenic differentiation. Several lineage tracing studies suggest that such SC heterogeneity could be associated with different embryonic origins. Although it has been established that SCs are derived from the central dermomyotome, how a small subpopulation of the SCs progeny maintain their stem cell identity while most progress through the myogenic program to construct myofibers is not well understood. In this review, we synthesize the works supporting the different developmental origins of SCs as the genesis of their functional heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Rodriguez-Outeiriño
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Hernandez-Torres
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - F. Ramírez-de Acuña
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Granada, Spain
| | - Lidia Matías-Valiente
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Sanchez-Fernandez
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Granada, Spain
| | - Diego Franco
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Granada, Spain
| | - Amelia Eva Aranega
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Granada, Spain
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236
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Pajalunga D, Crescenzi M. Restoring the Cell Cycle and Proliferation Competence in Terminally Differentiated Skeletal Muscle Myotubes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102753. [PMID: 34685732 PMCID: PMC8534385 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Terminal differentiation is an ill-defined, insufficiently characterized, nonproliferation state. Although it has been classically deemed irreversible, it is now clear that at least several terminally differentiated (TD) cell types can be brought back into the cell cycle. We are striving to uncover the molecular bases of terminal differentiation, whose fundamental understanding is a goal in itself. In addition, the field has sought to acquire the ability to make TD cells proliferate. Attaining this end would probe the very molecular mechanisms we are trying to understand. Equally important, it would be invaluable in regenerative medicine, for tissues depending on TD cells and devoid of significant self-repair capabilities. The skeletal muscle has long been used as a model system to investigate the molecular foundations of terminal differentiation. Here, we summarize more than 50 years of studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Pajalunga
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marco Crescenzi
- Core Facilities, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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237
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Shi DL, Grifone R. RNA-Binding Proteins in the Post-transcriptional Control of Skeletal Muscle Development, Regeneration and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:738978. [PMID: 34616743 PMCID: PMC8488162 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.738978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic myogenesis is a temporally and spatially regulated process that generates skeletal muscle of the trunk and limbs. During this process, mononucleated myoblasts derived from myogenic progenitor cells within the somites undergo proliferation, migration and differentiation to elongate and fuse into multinucleated functional myofibers. Skeletal muscle is the most abundant tissue of the body and has the remarkable ability to self-repair by re-activating the myogenic program in muscle stem cells, known as satellite cells. Post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression mediated by RNA-binding proteins is critically required for muscle development during embryogenesis and for muscle homeostasis in the adult. Differential subcellular localization and activity of RNA-binding proteins orchestrates target gene expression at multiple levels to regulate different steps of myogenesis. Dysfunctions of these post-transcriptional regulators impair muscle development and homeostasis, but also cause defects in motor neurons or the neuromuscular junction, resulting in muscle degeneration and neuromuscular disease. Many RNA-binding proteins, such as members of the muscle blind-like (MBNL) and CUG-BP and ETR-3-like factors (CELF) families, display both overlapping and distinct targets in muscle cells. Thus they function either cooperatively or antagonistically to coordinate myoblast proliferation and differentiation. Evidence is accumulating that the dynamic interplay of their regulatory activity may control the progression of myogenic program as well as stem cell quiescence and activation. Moreover, the role of RNA-binding proteins that regulate post-transcriptional modification in the myogenic program is far less understood as compared with transcription factors involved in myogenic specification and differentiation. Here we review past achievements and recent advances in understanding the functions of RNA-binding proteins during skeletal muscle development, regeneration and disease, with the aim to identify the fundamental questions that are still open for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Li Shi
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Developmental Biology Laboratory, CNRS-UMR 7622, Institut de Biologie de Paris-Seine, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Raphaëlle Grifone
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, CNRS-UMR 7622, Institut de Biologie de Paris-Seine, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
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238
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Khilji S, Li Y, Chen J, Li Q. Multi-Omics Approach to Dissect the Mechanisms of Rexinoid Signaling in Myoblast Differentiation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:746513. [PMID: 34603059 PMCID: PMC8484533 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.746513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells represent a key resource in regenerative medicine, however, there is a critical need for pharmacological modulators to promote efficient conversion of stem cells into a myogenic lineage. We have previously shown that bexarotene, an agonist of retinoid X receptor (RXR) approved for cancer therapy, promotes the specification and differentiation of skeletal muscle progenitors. To decipher the molecular regulation of rexinoid signaling in myogenic differentiation, we have integrated RNA-seq transcription profiles with ChIP-seq of H4K8, H3K9, H3K18, H3K27 acetylation, and H3K27 methylation in addition to that of histone acetyl-transferase p300 in rexinoid-promoted myoblast differentiation. Here, we provide details regarding data collection, validation and omics integration analyses to offer strategies for future data application and replication. Our analyses also reveal molecular pathways underlying different patterns of gene expression and p300-associated histone acetylation at distinct chromatin states in rexinoid-enhanced myoblast differentiation. These datasets can be repurposed for future studies to examine the relationship between signaling molecules, chromatin modifiers and histone acetylation in myogenic regulation, providing a framework for discovery and functional characterization of muscle-specific loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saadia Khilji
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jihong Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Qiao Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Johnson LL, Kueppers RB, Shen EY, Rudell JC, McLoon LK. Development of Nystagmus With the Absence of MYOD Expression in the Extraocular Muscles. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:3. [PMID: 34617961 PMCID: PMC8504190 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.13.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Myoblast determination protein 1 (MYOD) is a critical myogenic regulatory factor in muscle development, differentiation, myofiber repair, and regeneration. As the extraocular muscles significantly remodel their myofibers throughout life compared with limb skeletal muscles, we hypothesized that the absence of MYOD would result in their abnormal structure and function. To assess structural and functional changes in the extraocular muscles in MyoD-/- mice, fiber size and number and optokinetic nystagmus reflex (OKN) responses were examined. Methods OKN was measured in MyoD-/- mice and littermate wild-type controls at 3, 6, and 12 months. The extraocular muscles were examined histologically for changes in mean myofiber cross-sectional area, total myofiber number, and nuclei immunostained for PAX7 and PITX2, markers of myogenic precursor cells. Results The MyoD-/- mice developed nystagmus, with both jerk and pendular waveforms, in the absence and in the presence of moving visual stimulation. At 12 months, there were significant losses in mean myofiber cross-sectional area and in total number of orbital layer fibers in all rectus muscles, as well as in global layer fibers in the superior and inferior rectus muscles. Haploinsufficient mice showed abnormal OKN responses. PITX2-positive cell entry into myofibers of the MyoD-/- mice was significantly reduced. Conclusions This study is the first demonstration of the development of nystagmus in the constitutive absence of expression of the muscle-specific transcription factor MYOD. We hypothesize that myofiber loss over time may alter anterograde and/or retrograde communication between the motor nerves and extraocular muscles that are critical for maintaining normalcy of extraocular muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L. Johnson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
- Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology and Genetics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Rachel B. Kueppers
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Erin Y. Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Jolene C. Rudell
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Linda K. McLoon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
- Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology and Genetics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
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Cui J, Song L, Wang R, Hu S, Yang Z, Zhang Z, Sun B, Cui W. Maternal Metformin Treatment during Gestation and Lactation Improves Skeletal Muscle Development in Offspring of Rat Dams Fed High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103417. [PMID: 34684418 PMCID: PMC8538935 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal high-fat (HF) diet is associated with offspring metabolic disorder. This study intended to determine whether maternal metformin (MT) administration during gestation and lactation prevents the effect of maternal HF diet on offspring’s skeletal muscle (SM) development and metabolism. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups according to maternal diet {CHOW (11.8% fat) or HF (60% fat)} and MT administration {control (CT) or MT (300 mg/kg/day)} during gestation and lactation: CH-CT, CH-MT, HF-CT, HF-MT. All offspring were weaned on CHOW diet. SM was collected at weaning and 18 weeks in offspring. Maternal metformin reduced plasma insulin, leptin, triglyceride and cholesterol levels in male and female offspring. Maternal metformin increased MyoD expression but decreased Ppargc1a, Drp1 and Mfn2 expression in SM of adult male and female offspring. Decreased MRF4 expression in SM, muscle dysfunction and mitochondrial vacuolization were observed in weaned HF-CT males, while maternal metformin normalized them. Maternal metformin increased AMPK phosphorylation and decreased 4E-BP1 phosphorylation in SM of male and female offspring. Our data demonstrate that maternal metformin during gestation and lactation can potentially overcome the negative effects of perinatal exposure to HF diet in offspring, by altering their myogenesis, mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics through AMPK/mTOR pathways in SM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Second Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China;
| | - Lin Song
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China; (L.S.); (R.W.); (S.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China; (L.S.); (R.W.); (S.H.)
| | - Shuyuan Hu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China; (L.S.); (R.W.); (S.H.)
| | - Zhao Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China;
| | - Zengtie Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Xi’an Jiao Tong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China;
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China; (L.S.); (R.W.); (S.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
- Correspondence: (B.S.); (W.C.)
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Second Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China;
- Correspondence: (B.S.); (W.C.)
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Alliband KH, Kozhevnikova SV, Parr T, Jethwa PH, Brameld JM. In vitro Effects of Biologically Active Vitamin D on Myogenesis: A Systematic Review. Front Physiol 2021; 12:736708. [PMID: 34566700 PMCID: PMC8458760 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.736708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D (VD) deficiency is associated with muscle weakness. A reduction in the incidence of falls in the elderly following VD supplementation and identification of the VD receptor within muscle cells suggests a direct effect of VD on muscle, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Here we systematically searched the literature to identify effects of active VD [1,25(OH)2D3] on skeletal muscle myogenesis in vitro, with no restriction on year of publication. Eligibility was assessed by strict inclusion/exclusion criteria and agreed by two independent investigators. Twelve relevant pa-pers were identified using four different cell types (C2C12, primary mouse satellite cells, primary chick myoblasts, and primary human myoblasts) and a range of myogenic markers (myoD, myogenin, creatine kinase, myosin heavy chain, and myotube size). A clear inhibitory effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on proliferation was reported, while the effects on the different stages of differentiation were less consistent probably due to variation in cell type, time points and doses of 1,25(OH)2D3 used. However, myotube size was consistently increased by 1,25(OH)2D3. Overall, the evidence suggests that 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibits proliferation and promotes differentiation of myoblasts, but future studies should use time courses to gain a clearer understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn H Alliband
- Division of Food Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Sofia V Kozhevnikova
- Division of Food Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Parr
- Division of Food Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Preeti H Jethwa
- Division of Food Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - John M Brameld
- Division of Food Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, United Kingdom
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Abou Azar F, Lim GE. Metabolic Contributions of Wnt Signaling: More Than Controlling Flight. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:709823. [PMID: 34568323 PMCID: PMC8458764 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.709823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The canonical Wnt signaling pathway is ubiquitous throughout the body and influences a diverse array of physiological processes. Following the initial discovery of the Wnt signaling pathway during wing development in Drosophila melanogaster, it is now widely appreciated that active Wnt signaling in mammals is necessary for the development and growth of various tissues involved in whole-body metabolism, such as brain, liver, pancreas, muscle, and adipose. Moreover, elegant gain- and loss-of-function studies have dissected the tissue-specific roles of various downstream effector molecules in the regulation of energy homeostasis. This review attempts to highlight and summarize the contributions of the Wnt signaling pathway and its downstream effectors on whole-body metabolism and their influence on the development of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes and obesity. A better understanding of the Wnt signaling pathway in these tissues may aid in guiding the development of future therapeutics to treat metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Abou Azar
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Cardiometabolic Axis, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gareth E Lim
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Cardiometabolic Axis, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
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243
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Goullée H, Taylor RL, Forrest ARR, Laing NG, Ravenscroft G, Clayton JS. Improved CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in primary human myoblasts using low confluency cultures on Matrigel. Skelet Muscle 2021; 11:23. [PMID: 34551826 PMCID: PMC8456651 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-021-00278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CRISPR/Cas9 is an invaluable tool for studying cell biology and the development of molecular therapies. However, delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 components into some cell types remains a major hurdle. Primary human myoblasts are a valuable cell model for muscle studies, but are notoriously difficult to transfect. There are currently no commercial lipofection protocols tailored for primary myoblasts, and most generic guidelines simply recommend transfecting healthy cells at high confluency. This study aimed to maximize CRISPR/Cas9 transfection and editing in primary human myoblasts. Methods Since increased cell proliferation is associated with increased transfection efficiency, we investigated two factors known to influence myoblast proliferation: cell confluency, and a basement membrane matrix, Matrigel. CRISPR/Cas9 editing was performed by delivering Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complexes via lipofection into primary human myoblasts, cultured in wells with or without a Matrigel coating, at low (~ 40%) or high (~ 80%) confluency. Results Cells transfected at low confluency on Matrigel-coated wells had the highest levels of transfection, and were most effectively edited across three different target loci, achieving a maximum editing efficiency of 93.8%. On average, editing under these conditions was >4-fold higher compared to commercial recommendations (high confluency, uncoated wells). Conclusion This study presents a simple, effective and economical method of maximizing CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in primary human myoblasts. This protocol could be a valuable tool for improving the genetic manipulation of cultured human skeletal muscle cells, and potentially be adapted for use in other cell types. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13395-021-00278-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Goullée
- Centre for Medical Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, 6 Verdun St, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.,School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Rhonda L Taylor
- Centre for Medical Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, 6 Verdun St, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.,School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Alistair R R Forrest
- Centre for Medical Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, 6 Verdun St, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Nigel G Laing
- Centre for Medical Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, 6 Verdun St, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Gianina Ravenscroft
- Centre for Medical Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, 6 Verdun St, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Joshua S Clayton
- Centre for Medical Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia. .,Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, 6 Verdun St, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.
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244
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Collagen-derived dipeptide Pro-Hyp administration accelerates muscle regenerative healing accompanied by less scarring after wounding on the abdominal wall in mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18750. [PMID: 34548594 PMCID: PMC8455591 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98407-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagens act as cellular scaffolds in extracellular matrixes, and their breakdown products may also have important biological functions. We hypothesize that collagen dipeptide Pro-Hyp induces favorable healing activities and examined the effects of Pro-Hyp administered via different routes on wound healing using our novel murine model, in which an advanced fibrosis-prone scar lesion was developed in the abdominal muscle wall under the skin. After excising a part of the abdominal wall, a free-drinking experiment was performed using solutions with casein (CS), high molecular weight collagen peptides (HP), and low molecular weight collagen peptides including Pro-Hyp and Hyp-Gly (LP), in addition to water (HO). On day 21 of the study, when compared to the HO and CS groups, muscle regeneration in the LP group was significantly advanced in the granulation tissue, which was associated with a decrease in fibrosis. To clarify the effects of Pro-Hyp, daily intraperitoneal administration of pure Pro-Hyp was performed. Pro-Hyp administration induced many myogenically differentiated cells, including myogenin-positive myoblasts and myoglobin-positive myocytes, to migrate in the granulation tissue, while scar tissue decreased. These results indicated that Pro-Hyp administration accelerates muscle regenerative healing accompanied by less scarring after wounding on the abdominal wall.
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Caporali S, Calabrese C, Minieri M, Pieri M, Tarantino U, Marini M, D’Ottavio S, Angeletti S, Mauriello A, Cortese C, Bernardini S, Terrinoni A. The miR-133a, TPM4 and TAp63γ Role in Myocyte Differentiation Microfilament Remodelling and Colon Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189818. [PMID: 34575979 PMCID: PMC8472330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an essential role in the regulation of a number of physiological functions. miR-133a and other muscular miRs (myomiRs) play a key role in muscle cell growth and in some type of cancers. Here, we show that miR133a is upregulated in individuals that undertake physical exercise. We used a skeletal muscle differentiation model to dissect miR-133a's role and to identify new targets, identifying Tropomyosin-4 (TPM4). This protein is expressed during muscle differentiation, but importantly it is an essential component of microfilament cytoskeleton and stress fibres formation. The microfilament scaffold remodelling is an essential step in cell transformation and tumour progression. Using the muscle system, we obtained valuable information about the microfilament proteins, and the knowledge on these molecular players can be transferred to the cytoskeleton rearrangement observed in cancer cells. Further investigations showed a role of TPM4 in cancer physiology, specifically, we found that miR-133a downregulation leads to TPM4 upregulation in colon carcinoma (CRC), and this correlates with a lower patient survival. At molecular level, we demonstrated in myocyte differentiation that TPM4 is positively regulated by the TA isoform of the p63 transcription factor. In muscles, miR-133a generates a myogenic stimulus, reducing the differentiation by downregulating TPM4. In this system, miR-133a counteracts the differentiative TAp63 activity. Interestingly, in CRC cell lines and in patient biopsies, miR-133a is able to regulate TPM4 activity, while TAp63 is not active. The downregulation of the miR leads to TPM4 overexpression, this modifies the architecture of the cell cytoskeleton contributing to increase the invasiveness of the tumour and associating with a poor prognosis. These results add data to the interesting question about the link between physical activity, muscle physiology and protection against colorectal cancer. The two phenomena have in common the cytoskeleton remodelling, due to the TPM4 activity, that is involved in stress fibres formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Caporali
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Cosimo Calabrese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (M.M.); (M.P.); (A.M.); (C.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Marilena Minieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (M.M.); (M.P.); (A.M.); (C.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Massimo Pieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (M.M.); (M.P.); (A.M.); (C.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Umberto Tarantino
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (U.T.); (S.D.)
| | - Mario Marini
- Centre of Space Biomedicine and Department of Systems Medicine of the University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Stefano D’Ottavio
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (U.T.); (S.D.)
| | - Silvia Angeletti
- Unit of Clinical Laboratory Science, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Mauriello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (M.M.); (M.P.); (A.M.); (C.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Claudio Cortese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (M.M.); (M.P.); (A.M.); (C.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Sergio Bernardini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (M.M.); (M.P.); (A.M.); (C.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Alessandro Terrinoni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (M.M.); (M.P.); (A.M.); (C.C.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Sun H, Sun J, Li M, Qian L, Zhang L, Huang Z, Shen Y, Law BYK, Liu L, Gu X. Transcriptome Analysis of Immune Receptor Activation and Energy Metabolism Reduction as the Underlying Mechanisms in Interleukin-6-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:730070. [PMID: 34552592 PMCID: PMC8450567 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.730070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation may trigger skeletal muscle atrophy induced by cancer cachexia. As a pro-inflammatory factor, interleukin-6 may cause skeletal muscle atrophy, but the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been explored. Methods In this experimental study, we used adult male ICR mice, weighing 25 ± 2 g, and the continuous infusion of interleukin-6 into the tibialis anterior muscle to construct a skeletal muscle atrophy model (experimental group). A control group received a saline infusion. RNA-sequencing was used to analyze the differentially expressed genes in tissue samples after one and three days. Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis were applied to define the function of these genes, and protein-protein interaction analysis was performed to identify potential transcription factors. Fluorescence microscopy was used to determine the muscle fiber cross-sectional area after 14 days. Results Continuous infusion of interleukin-6 for 14 days caused significant muscle atrophy. RNA-sequencing found 359 differentially expressed genes in the 1- and 3-day tissue samples and 1748 differentially expressed genes only in the 3-day samples. Functional analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes found in both the 1- and 3-day samples were associated with immune receptor activation, whereas the differentially expressed genes found only in the 3-day sample were associated with reduced energy metabolism. The expression of multiple genes in the oxidative phosphorylation and tricarboxylic acid cycle pathways was down-regulated. Furthermore, differentially expressed transcription factors were identified, and their interaction with interleukin-6 and the differentially expressed genes was predicted, which indicated that STAT3, NF-κB, TP53 and MyoG may play an important role in the process of interleukin-6-induced muscle atrophy. Conclusions This study found that interleukin-6 caused skeletal muscle atrophy through immune receptor activation and a reduction of the energy metabolism. Several transcription factors downstream of IL-6 have the potential to become new regulators of skeletal muscle atrophy. This study not only enriches the molecular regulation mechanism of muscle atrophy, but also provides a potential target for targeted therapy of muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macau, SAR China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong, China
| | - Junjie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Binhai County People’s Hospital Affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Yancheng, China
| | - Lei Qian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Binhai County People’s Hospital Affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Yancheng, China
| | - Lilei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong, China
| | - Ziwei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong, China
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Emergency, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuntian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong, China
| | - Betty Yuen-Kwan Law
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macau, SAR China
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macau, SAR China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong, China
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Yan Z, Yan Z, Liu S, Yin Y, Yang T, Chen Q. Regulative Mechanism of Guanidinoacetic Acid on Skeletal Muscle Development and Its Application Prospects in Animal Husbandry: A Review. Front Nutr 2021; 8:714567. [PMID: 34458310 PMCID: PMC8387576 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.714567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanidinoacetic acid is the direct precursor of creatine and its phosphorylated derivative phosphocreatine in the body. It is a safe nutritional supplement that can be used to promote muscle growth and development. Improving the growth performance of livestock and poultry and meat quality is the eternal goal of the animal husbandry, and it is also the common demand of today's society and consumers. A large number of experimental studies have shown that guanidinoacetic acid could improve the growth performance of animals, promote muscle development and improve the health of animals. However, the mechanism of how it affects muscle development needs to be further elucidated. This article discusses the physical and chemical properties of guanidinoacetic acid and its synthesis pathway, explores its mechanism of how it promotes muscle development and growth, and also classifies and summarizes the impact of its application in animal husbandry, providing a scientific basis for this application. In addition, this article also proposes future directions for the development of this substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoming Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaoyue Yan
- Chemistry Department, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Shuangli Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yunju Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Tai Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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Feraco A, Gorini S, Armani A, Camajani E, Rizzo M, Caprio M. Exploring the Role of Skeletal Muscle in Insulin Resistance: Lessons from Cultured Cells to Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179327. [PMID: 34502235 PMCID: PMC8430804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is essential to maintain vital functions such as movement, breathing, and thermogenesis, and it is now recognized as an endocrine organ. Muscles release factors named myokines, which can regulate several physiological processes. Moreover, skeletal muscle is particularly important in maintaining body homeostasis, since it is responsible for more than 75% of all insulin-mediated glucose disposal. Alterations of skeletal muscle differentiation and function, with subsequent dysfunctional expression and secretion of myokines, play a key role in the pathogenesis of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and other metabolic diseases, finally leading to cardiometabolic complications. Hence, a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating skeletal muscle function related to energy metabolism is critical for novel strategies to treat and prevent insulin resistance and its cardiometabolic complications. This review will be focused on both cellular and animal models currently available for exploring skeletal muscle metabolism and endocrine function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Feraco
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy; (A.F.); (S.G.); (A.A.)
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy;
| | - Stefania Gorini
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy; (A.F.); (S.G.); (A.A.)
| | - Andrea Armani
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy; (A.F.); (S.G.); (A.A.)
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Camajani
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy;
- PhD Programme in Endocrinological Sciences, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Promise Department, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Massimiliano Caprio
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy; (A.F.); (S.G.); (A.A.)
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-065-225-3419
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249
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Banerji CRS, Henderson D, Tawil RN, Zammit PS. Skeletal muscle regeneration in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy is correlated with pathological severity. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:2746-2760. [PMID: 32744322 PMCID: PMC7530526 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is an autosomal-dominant myopathy characterized by slowly progressive skeletal muscle weakness and wasting. While a regenerative response is often provoked in many muscular dystrophies, little is known about whether a regenerative response is regularly elicited in FSHD muscle, prompting this study. For comparison, we also examined the similarly slowly progressing myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2). To first investigate regeneration at the transcriptomic level, we used the 200 human gene Hallmark Myogenesis list. This myogenesis biomarker was elevated in FSHD and control healthy myotubes compared to their myoblast counterparts, so is higher in myogenic differentiation. The myogenesis biomarker was also elevated in muscle biopsies from most independent FSHD, DM2 or Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) studies compared to control biopsies, and on meta-analysis for each condition. In addition, the myogenesis biomarker was a robust binary discriminator of FSHD, DM2 and DMD from controls. We also analysed muscle regeneration at the protein level by immunolabelling muscle biopsies for developmental myosin heavy chain. Such immunolabelling revealed one or more regenerating myofibres in 76% of FSHD muscle biopsies from quadriceps and 91% from tibialis anterior. The mean proportion of regenerating myofibres per quadriceps biopsy was 0.48%, significantly less than 1.72% in the tibialis anterior. All DM2 muscle biopsies contained regenerating myofibres, with a mean of 1.24% per biopsy. Muscle regeneration in FSHD was correlated with the pathological hallmarks of fibre size variation, central nucleation, fibrosis and necrosis/regeneration/inflammation. In summary, the regenerative response in FSHD muscle biopsies correlates with the severity of pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Don Henderson
- Neuromuscular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Rabi N Tawil
- Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Peter S Zammit
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
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Ahn J, Kim MJ, Yoo A, Ahn J, Ha TY, Jung CH, Seo HD, Jang YJ. Identifying Codium fragile extract components and their effects on muscle weight and exercise endurance. Food Chem 2021; 353:129463. [PMID: 33743428 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Codium fragile (CF) is a type of green algae consumed as kimchi in Asia. UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis showed that CF contain lysophosphatidyl choline, canthaxanthin, retinoic acid, α-tocopherol, and unsaturated fatty acids, which reportedly improve skeletal muscle health. However, the effect of CF on skeletal muscle mass and function remains to be elucidated. In mice fed with CF extracts, exercise endurance and muscle weight increased. CF extracts enhanced protein synthesis and myogenic differentiation through the mTORC1 pathway. CF extracts also promoted oxidative muscle fiber formation and mitochondrial biogenesis through the PGC-1α-related signaling pathway. Upregulation of PGC-1α by CF extracts was abolished by EX527 SIRT1 inhibitor treatment. Changed signaling molecules in the CF extracts were partially regulated by canthaxanthin, a new compound in CF extracts, suggesting that canthaxanthin contribute synergistically to the effect of CF extracts. Therefore, CF is a potential food source for sport nutrition or prevention of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisong Ahn
- Natural Materials and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju-si 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Healthcare Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahyoung Yoo
- Natural Materials and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Natural Materials and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Youl Ha
- Natural Materials and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Natural Materials and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Deok Seo
- Natural Materials and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Jang
- Natural Materials and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; Major of Food Science & Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Republic of Korea.
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