201
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Wang L, Pavlou S, Du X, Bhuckory M, Xu H, Chen M. Glucose transporter 1 critically controls microglial activation through facilitating glycolysis. Mol Neurodegener 2019; 14:2. [PMID: 30634998 PMCID: PMC6329071 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-019-0305-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uncontrolled microglial activation contributes to the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases. Previous studies have shown that proinflammatory microglia are powered by glycolysis, which relays on high levels of glucose uptake. This study aimed to understand how glucose uptake is facilitated in active microglia and whether microglial activation can be controlled by restricting glucose uptake. METHODS Primary murine brain microglia, BV2 cells and the newly established microglial cell line B6M7 were treated with LPS (100 ng/ml) + IFNγ (100 ng/ml) or IL-4 (20 ng/ml) for 24 h. The expression of glucose transporters (GLUTs) was examined by PCR and Western blot. Glucose uptake by microglia was inhibited using the GLUT1-specific inhibitor STF31. The metabolic profiles were tested using the Glycolysis Stress Test and Mito Stress Test Kits using the Seahorse XFe96 Analyser. Inflammatory gene expression was examined by real-time RT-PCR and protein secretion by cytokine beads array. The effect of STF31 on microglial activation and neurodegeneraion was further tested in a mouse model of light-induced retinal degeneration. RESULTS The mRNA and protein of GLUT1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, and 13 were detected in microglia. The expression level of GLUT1 was the highest among all GLUTs detected. LPS + IFNγ treatment further increased GLUT1 expression. STF31 dose-dependently reduced glucose uptake and suppressed Extracellular Acidification Rate (ECAR) in naïve, M(LPS + IFNγ) and M(IL-4) microglia. The treatment also prevented the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines including TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, and CCL2 in M(LPS + IFNγ) microglia. Interestingly, the Oxygen Consumption Rates (OCR) was increased in M(LPS + IFNγ) microglia but reduced in M(IL-4) microglia by STF31 treatment. Intraperitoneal injection of STF31 reduced light-induced microglial activation and retinal degeneration. CONCLUSION Glucose uptake in microglia is facilitated predominately by GLUT1, particularly under inflammatory conditions. Targeting GLUT1 could be an effective approach to control neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxi Wang
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Sofia Pavlou
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Xuan Du
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Mohajeet Bhuckory
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Heping Xu
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Mei Chen
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
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202
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Hadley G, Beard DJ, Couch Y, Neuhaus AA, Adriaanse BA, DeLuca GC, Sutherland BA, Buchan AM. Rapamycin in ischemic stroke: Old drug, new tricks? J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:20-35. [PMID: 30334673 PMCID: PMC6311672 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18807309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The significant morbidity that accompanies stroke makes it one of the world's most devastating neurological disorders. Currently, proven effective therapies have been limited to thrombolysis and thrombectomy. The window for the administration of these therapies is narrow, hampered by the necessity of rapidly imaging patients. A therapy that could extend this window by protecting neurons may improve outcome. Endogenous neuroprotection has been shown to be, in part, due to changes in mTOR signalling pathways and the instigation of productive autophagy. Inducing this effect pharmacologically could improve clinical outcomes. One such therapy already in use in transplant medicine is the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. Recent evidence suggests that rapamycin is neuroprotective, not only via neuronal autophagy but also through its broader effects on other cells of the neurovascular unit. This review highlights the potential use of rapamycin as a multimodal therapy, acting on the blood-brain barrier, cerebral blood flow and inflammation, as well as directly on neurons. There is significant potential in applying this old drug in new ways to improve functional outcomes for patients after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Hadley
- Acute Stroke Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel J Beard
- Acute Stroke Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yvonne Couch
- Acute Stroke Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ain A Neuhaus
- Acute Stroke Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bryan A Adriaanse
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gabriele C DeLuca
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Brad A Sutherland
- Acute Stroke Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Alastair M Buchan
- Acute Stroke Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Acute Vascular Imaging Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
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203
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Woo Y, Kim H, Kim KC, Han JA, Jung YJ. Tumor-secreted factors induce IL-1β maturation via the glucose-mediated synergistic axis of mTOR and NF-κB pathways in mouse macrophages. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209653. [PMID: 30586442 PMCID: PMC6306269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are one of the major cell types that produce IL-1β. IL-1β maturation occurs via inflammasome activation, and mature IL-1β is then released from the cell. Secreted IL-1β mediates inflammatory reactions in various pathological environments, such as those in infectious, autoimmune, and cancerous diseases. Although the mechanism of IL-1β production has been discovered in infectious and autoimmune diseases, its production mechanism in the tumor microenvironment is unclear. Therefore, the mechanism of IL-1β production in macrophages in the tumor microenvironment was investigated in this study. First, bone marrow-derived macrophages obtained from C57BL/6 mice were treated with B16F10 tumor-conditioned media (TCM) in vitro. TCM increased the levels of IL-1β via glucose-mediated activation of the inflammasome. Moreover, TCM enhanced the activation of both NF-κB and mTOR pathways in a glucose-dependent manner. In particular, the expression levels of mTORC1 component proteins were dependent on the TCM-induced activation of NF-κB signaling. In addition, TCM affected ASC-ASC interactions through increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. Finally, glucose inhibition by inoculation with 2-deoxy-D-glucose in vivo decreased the IL-1β levels in both the blood and tumor region of B16F10-bearing C57BL/6 mice relative to those in PBS-injected tumor-bearing mice. These results suggest that glucose supplied from blood vessels might be important for IL-1β production in tumor-associated macrophages via the integrated signals of the NF-κB and mTOR pathways in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunseo Woo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeran Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Cheol Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong A. Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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204
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Sieow JL, Gun SY, Wong SC. The Sweet Surrender: How Myeloid Cell Metabolic Plasticity Shapes the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:168. [PMID: 30619850 PMCID: PMC6297857 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cells are one of the most versatile cell types, as they can tailor their metabolic activity according to their required function. In response to diverse environmental cues, immune cells undergo metabolic reprogramming to support their differentiation, proliferation and pro-inflammatory effector functions. To meet a dramatic surge in energetic demand, immune cells rewire their metabolism to utilize aerobic glycolysis. This preferential use of glycolysis even under aerobic conditions is well established in tumor cells, and is known as the "Warburg effect." Tumor cells avidly use glucose for aerobic glycolysis, thereby creating a nutrient-starved microenvironment, outcompeting T cells for glucose, and directly inhibiting T-cell anti-tumoral effector function. Given that both immune and tumor cells use similar modes of metabolism in the tumor stroma, it is imperative to identify a therapeutic window in which immune-cell and tumor-cell glycolysis can be specifically targeted. In this review, we focus on the Warburg metabolism as well as other metabolic pathways of myeloid cells, which comprise a notable niche in the tumor environment and promote the growth and metastasis of malignant tumors. We examine how differential immune-cell activation triggers metabolic fate, and detail how this forbidding microenvironment succeeds in shutting down the vigorous anti-tumoral response. Finally, we highlight emerging therapeutic concepts that aim to target immune-cell metabolism. Improving our understanding of immunometabolism and immune-cell commitment to specific metabolic fates will help identify alternative therapeutic approaches to battle this intractable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je Lin Sieow
- Singapore Immunology Network, ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sin Yee Gun
- Singapore Immunology Network, ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siew Cheng Wong
- Singapore Immunology Network, ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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205
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Locatelli SL, Careddu G, Serio S, Consonni FM, Maeda A, Viswanadha S, Vakkalanka S, Castagna L, Santoro A, Allavena P, Sica A, Carlo-Stella C. Targeting Cancer Cells and Tumor Microenvironment in Preclinical and Clinical Models of Hodgkin Lymphoma Using the Dual PI3Kδ/γ Inhibitor RP6530. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:1098-1112. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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206
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Zeng Q, Ko CH, Siu WS, Li KK, Wong CW, Han XQ, Yang L, Lau CBS, Hu JM, Leung PC. Inhibitory effect of different Dendrobium species on LPS-induced inflammation in macrophages via suppression of MAPK pathways. Chin J Nat Med 2018; 16:481-489. [PMID: 30080646 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(18)30083-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dendrobii Caulis (DC), named 'Shihu' in Chinese, is a precious herb in traditional Chinese medicine. It is widely used to nourish stomach, enhance body fluid production, tonify "Yin" and reduce heat. More than thirty Dendrobium species are used as folk medicine. Some compounds from DC exhibit inhibitory effects on macrophage inflammation. In the present study, we compared the anti-inflammatory effects among eight Dendrobium species. The results provided evidences to support Dendrobium as folk medicine, which exerted its medicinal function partially by its inhibitory effects on inflammation. To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Dendrobium species, mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 was activated by lipopolysaccharide. The nitric oxide (NO) level was measured using Griess reagent while the pro-inflammatory cytokines were tested by ELISA. The protein expressions of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) phosphorylation were evaluated by Western blotting analysis. Among the eight Dendrobium species, both water extracts of D. thyrsiflorum B.S.Williams (DTW) and D. chrysotoxum Lindl (DCHW) showed most significant inhibitory effects on NO production in a concentration-dependent manner. DTW also significantly reduced TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL-6 production. Further investigations showed that DTW suppressed iNOS and COX-2 expression as well as ERK and JNK phosphorylation, suggesting that the inhibitory effects of DTW on LPS-induced macrophage inflammation was through the suppression of MAPK pathways. In conclusion, D. thyrsiflorum B.S.Williams was demonstrated to have potential to be used as alternative or adjuvant therapy for inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zeng
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Hay Ko
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Wing-Sum Siu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kai-Kai Li
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Wai Wong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Han
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Clara Bik-San Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Jiang-Miao Hu
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Ping-Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China.
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207
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Yao Q, Liu J, Zhang Z, Li F, Zhang C, Lai B, Xiao L, Wang N. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) induces the gene expression of integrin α Vβ 5 to promote macrophage M2 polarization. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:16572-16582. [PMID: 30181212 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily and polarizes the macrophages into an anti-inflammatory M2 state. Integrins are transmembrane receptors that drive various cellular functions, including monocyte adhesion and foam cell formation. In this study, we first reported that the expression of integrins αV and β5 was up-regulated by PPARγ activation in RAW264.7 cells and human peripheral blood monocytes. Luciferase reporter and ChIP assay revealed that PPARγ directly bound to the potential PPAR-responsive elements sites in the 5'-flanking regions of both murine and human integrin αV and β5 genes, respectively. In addition, we showed that PPARγ augmented the ligation of integrins αV and β5 Knockdown of integrin αVβ5 by siRNA strategy or treatment with cilengitide, a potent inhibitor of integrin αVβ5, attenuated PPARγ-induced expression of Ym1 (chitinase-like protein 3), Arg1 (Arginase1), Fizz1 (resistin-like molecule RELMα), and other M2 marker genes, suggesting that the heterodimers of integrin αVβ5 were involved in PPARγ-induced M2 polarization. In conclusion, these results provided novel evidence that PPARγ-mediated gene expression and the ensuing ligation of integrins αV and β5 are implicated in macrophage M2 polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyu Yao
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China and
| | - Jia Liu
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China and
| | - Zihui Zhang
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China and
| | - Fan Li
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China and
| | - Chao Zhang
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China and
| | - Baochang Lai
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China and
| | - Lei Xiao
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China and
| | - Nanping Wang
- the Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
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208
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Vakili‐Ghartavol R, Mombeiny R, Salmaninejad A, Sorkhabadi SMR, Faridi‐Majidi R, Jaafari MR, Mirzaei H. Tumor‐associated macrophages and epithelial–mesenchymal transition in cancer: Nanotechnology comes into view. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:9223-9236. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roghayyeh Vakili‐Ghartavol
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Reza Mombeiny
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Arash Salmaninejad
- Drug Applied Research Center, Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Science Tabriz Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics Faculty of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Rezayat Sorkhabadi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Department of Toxicology–Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Science Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAUPS) Tehran Iran
| | - Reza Faridi‐Majidi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Department of Biomaterials Tissue Engineering and Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
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209
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Hartley GP, Chow L, Ammons DT, Wheat WH, Dow SW. Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Signaling Regulates Macrophage Proliferation and Activation. Cancer Immunol Res 2018; 6:1260-1273. [PMID: 30012633 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) express programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and contribute to the immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment. Although the role of the PD-L1 and PD-1 interaction to regulate T-cell suppression is established, less is known about PD-L1 signaling in macrophages and how these signals may affect the function of TAMs. We used in vitro and in vivo models to investigate PD-L1 signaling in macrophages and the effects of PD-L1 antibody treatment on TAM responses. Treatment of mouse and human macrophages with PD-L1 antibodies increased spontaneous macrophage proliferation, survival, and activation (costimulatory molecule expression, cytokine production). Similar changes were observed in macrophages incubated with soluble CD80 and soluble PD-1, and in PD-L1-/- macrophages. Macrophage treatment with PD-L1 antibodies upregulated mTOR pathway activity, and RNAseq analysis revealed upregulation of multiple macrophage inflammatory pathways. In vivo, treatment with PD-L1 antibody resulted in increased tumor infiltration with activated macrophages. In tumor-bearing RAG-/- mice, upregulated costimulatory molecule expression by TAMs and reduced tumor growth were observed. Combined PD-1/ PD-L1 antibody treatment of animals with established B16 melanomas cured half of the treated mice, whereas treatment with single antibodies had little therapeutic effect. These findings indicate that PD-L1 delivers a constitutive negative signal to macrophages, resulting in an immune-suppressive cell phenotype. Treatment with PD-L1 antibodies reverses this phenotype and triggers macrophage-mediated antitumor activity, suggesting a distinct effect of PD-L1, but not PD-1, antibody treatment. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(10); 1260-73. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve P Hartley
- Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colorado
| | - Lyndah Chow
- Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colorado
| | - Dylan T Ammons
- Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colorado
| | - William H Wheat
- Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colorado
| | - Steven W Dow
- Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colorado.
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210
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Zhang Y, Feng J, Fu H, Liu C, Yu Z, Sun Y, She X, Li P, Zhao C, Liu Y, Liu T, Liu Q, Liu Q, Li G, Wu M. Coagulation Factor X Regulated by CASC2c Recruited Macrophages and Induced M2 Polarization in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1557. [PMID: 30034397 PMCID: PMC6043648 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute a major component of inflammatory cells in the glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumor microenvironment. TAMs have been implicated in GBM angiogenesis, invasion, local tumor recurrence, and immunosuppression. Coagulation factor X (FX) is a vitamin K-dependent plasma protein that plays a role in the regulation of blood coagulation. In this study, we first found that FX was highly expressed and positively correlated with TAM density in human GBM. FX exhibited a potent chemotactic capacity to recruit macrophages and promoted macrophages toward M2 subtype polarization, accelerating GBM growth. FX bound to extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK)1/2 and inhibited p-ERK1/2 in GBM cells. FX was secreted in the tumor microenvironment and increased the phosphorylation and activation of ERK1/2 and AKT in macrophages, which may have been responsible for the M2 subtype macrophage polarization. Moreover, although the lncRNA CASC2c has been verified to function as a miR-101 competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to promote miR-101 target genes in GBM cells, we first confirmed that CASC2c did not function as a miR-338-3p ceRNA to promote FX expression, and that FX was a target gene of miR-338-3p. CASC2c interacted with and reciprocally repressed miR-338-3p. Both CASC2c and miR-388-3p bound to FX and commonly inhibited its expression and secretion. CASC2c repressed M2 subtype macrophage polarization. Taken together, our findings revealed a novel mechanism highlighting CASC2c and FX as potential therapeutic targets to improve GBM patients by altering the GBM microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianbo Feng
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haijuan Fu
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Changhong Liu
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhibin Yu
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingnan Sun
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoling She
- The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Peiyao Li
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunhua Zhao
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qing Liu
- The Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Minghua Wu
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
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211
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Hobson-Gutierrez SA, Carmona-Fontaine C. The metabolic axis of macrophage and immune cell polarization. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:11/8/dmm034462. [PMID: 29991530 PMCID: PMC6124558 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.034462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular space of solid tumors ranges from being well-nurtured to being completely ischemic and can serve as a source of intratumoral heterogeneity, determining the behavior and molecular profiles of malignant and stromal cells. Here, we discuss how the metabolic tumor microenvironment modulates the phenotypes of the immune cells that infiltrate tumors, with an emphasis on tumor-associated macrophages. These cells constitute a diverse population that has pro-tumoral and anti-inflammatory properties, and are likened to anti-inflammatory ‘M2’ macrophages. Recent findings show how different metabolic microenvironments specify an array of phenotypic changes in macrophages. In tumors, extracellular metabolite levels vary predictably according to proximity to the vasculature, and phenotypic changes in tumor-associated macrophages and in other immune cells are also predictable. We speculate that this ‘metabolic axis’ of macrophage polarization modulates – and is modulated by – the response to inflammatory cues, creating a wide variety of possible phenotypic states. Understanding how extracellular metabolites influence cell phenotypes allows us to predict how tumor-associated macrophages and other tumor cells might change, with the aim of harnessing this predictability for therapy. Overall, we describe an emerging picture in which chemokines, growth factors and the metabolic tumor microenvironment act together to determine the phenotypes of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Summary: Extracellular metabolites can mediate cell communication and change transcriptional and functional aspects of tumor and normal cells. This Review focuses on how these metabolic cues affect the immune system with a special focus on tumor-associated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer A Hobson-Gutierrez
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York City, NY 10003, USA
| | - Carlos Carmona-Fontaine
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York City, NY 10003, USA
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212
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Falconer J, Murphy AN, Young S, Clark AR, Tiziani S, Guma M, Buckley CD. Review: Synovial Cell Metabolism and Chronic Inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2018; 70:984-999. [PMID: 29579371 PMCID: PMC6019623 DOI: 10.1002/art.40504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomic studies of body fluids show that immune-mediated inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are associated with metabolic disruption. This is likely to reflect the increased bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands of sustained inflammation and changes in nutrient and oxygen availability in damaged tissue. The synovial membrane lining layer is the principal site of inflammation in RA. Here, the resident cells are fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and synovial tissue macrophages, which are transformed toward overproduction of enzymes that degrade cartilage and bone and cytokines that promote immune cell infiltration. Recent studies have shown metabolic changes in both FLS and macrophages from RA patients, and these may be therapeutically targetable. However, because the origins and subset-specific functions of synoviocytes are poorly understood, and the signaling modules that control metabolic deviation in RA synovial cells are yet to be explored, significant additional research is needed to translate these findings to clinical application. Furthermore, in many inflamed tissues, different cell types can forge metabolic collaborations through solute carriers in their membranes to meet a high demand for energy or biomolecules. Such relationships are likely to exist in the synovium and have not been studied. Finally, it is not yet known whether metabolic change is a consequence of disease or whether primary changes to cellular metabolism might underlie or contribute to the pathogenesis of early-stage disease. In this review article, we collate what is known about metabolism in synovial tissue cells and highlight future directions of research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Falconer
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Anne N Murphy
- Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093
| | - Stephen Young
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrew R Clark
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Stefano Tiziani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Dell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd., Austin, TX
| | - Monica Guma
- Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093
| | - Christopher D Buckley
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford. UK
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213
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Ulvestad JS, Kumari J, Seternes T, Chi H, Dalmo RA. Studies on the effects of LPS, ß-glucan and metabolic inhibitors on the respiratory burst and gene expression in Atlantic salmon macrophages. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2018; 41:1117-1127. [PMID: 29600522 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in macrophage-like cells is induced as an antimicrobial defence against invading pathogens. In this study, we have explored how different stimuli and metabolic inhibitors affect the level of respiratory burst in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) head kidney macrophage-like cells. Cells stimulated in vitro by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and ß-glucan showed increased production of ROS compared to unstimulated cells. Both stimulation and costimulation by curdlan (ß-glucan) induced a higher production of ROS compared to stimulation and costimulation by LPS. Metabolic inhibitors co-incubated with the stimulants did not, in most cases, perturb the level of ROS generation in the salmon macrophage-like cells. The NAD+ content as well as the NAD+ /NADH ratio increased in curdlan and LPS + curdlan-stimulated cells compared to control cells, which indicated increased metabolic activity in the stimulated cells. Supporting these findings, gene analysis using real-time quantitative PCR showed that arginase-1 and IL-1ß genes were highly expressed in the stimulated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Ulvestad
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø - The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - J Kumari
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø - The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - T Seternes
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø - The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - H Chi
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø - The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - R A Dalmo
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø - The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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214
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Sankar SB, Donegan RK, Shah KJ, Reddi AR, Wood LB. Heme and hemoglobin suppress amyloid β-mediated inflammatory activation of mouse astrocytes. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:11358-11373. [PMID: 29871926 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial immune activity is a key feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Given that the blood factors heme and hemoglobin (Hb) are both elevated in AD tissues and have immunomodulatory roles, here we sought to interrogate their roles in modulating β-amyloid (Aβ)-mediated inflammatory activation of astrocytes. We discovered that heme and Hb suppress immune activity of primary mouse astrocytes by reducing expression of several proinflammatory cytokines (e.g. RANTES (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted)) and the scavenger receptor CD36 and reducing internalization of Aβ(1-42) by astrocytes. Moreover, we found that certain soluble (>75-kDa) Aβ(1-42) oligomers are primarily responsible for astrocyte activation and that heme or Hb association with these oligomers reverses inflammation. We further found that heme up-regulates phosphoprotein signaling in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway, which regulates a number of immune functions, including cytokine expression and phagocytosis. The findings in this work suggest that dysregulation of Hb and heme levels in AD brains may contribute to impaired amyloid clearance and that targeting heme homeostasis may reduce amyloid pathogenesis. Altogether, we propose heme as a critical molecular link between amyloid pathology and AD risk factors, such as aging, brain injury, and stroke, which increase Hb and heme levels in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitara B Sankar
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Rebecca K Donegan
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Kajol J Shah
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Amit R Reddi
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332.
| | - Levi B Wood
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332.
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215
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Ocaña MC, Martínez-Poveda B, Quesada AR, Medina MÁ. Metabolism within the tumor microenvironment and its implication on cancer progression: An ongoing therapeutic target. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:70-113. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ma Carmen Ocaña
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, and IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), Andalucía Tech; Universidad de Málaga; Málaga Spain
| | - Beatriz Martínez-Poveda
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, and IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), Andalucía Tech; Universidad de Málaga; Málaga Spain
| | - Ana R. Quesada
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, and IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), Andalucía Tech; Universidad de Málaga; Málaga Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Málaga Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Medina
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, and IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), Andalucía Tech; Universidad de Málaga; Málaga Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Málaga Spain
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216
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Agoro R, Taleb M, Quesniaux VFJ, Mura C. Cell iron status influences macrophage polarization. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196921. [PMID: 29771935 PMCID: PMC5957380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play crucial roles in innate immune response and in the priming of adaptive immunity, and are characterized by their phenotypic heterogeneity and plasticity. Reprogramming intracellular metabolism in response to microenvironmental signals is required for M1/M2 macrophage polarization and function. Here we assessed the influence of iron on the polarization of the immune response in vivo and in vitro. Iron-enriched diet increased M2 marker Arg1 and Ym1 expression in liver and peritoneal macrophages, while iron deficiency decreased Arg1 expression. Under LPS-induced inflammatory conditions, low iron diet exacerbated the proinflammatory response, while the IL-12/IL-10 balance decreased with iron-rich diet, thus polarizing toward type 2 response. Indeed, in vitro macrophage iron loading reduced the basal percentage of cells expressing M1 co-stimulatory CD86 and MHC-II molecules. Further, iron loading of macrophages prevented the pro-inflammatory response induced by LPS through reduction of NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation with decreased iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12 and TNFα expression. The increase of intracellular iron also reduced LPS-induced hepcidin gene expression and abolished ferroportin down-regulation in macrophages, in line with macrophage polarization. Thus, iron modulates the inflammatory response outcome, as elevated iron levels increased M2 phenotype and negatively regulated M1 proinflammatory LPS-induced response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafiou Agoro
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, UMR 7355 CNRS, Orléans, France
- University of Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Meriem Taleb
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, UMR 7355 CNRS, Orléans, France
- University of Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Valerie F. J. Quesniaux
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, UMR 7355 CNRS, Orléans, France
- University of Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Catherine Mura
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, UMR 7355 CNRS, Orléans, France
- University of Orléans, Orléans, France
- * E-mail:
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217
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Park JW, Kim IY, Choi JW, Lim HJ, Shin JH, Kim YN, Lee SH, Son Y, Sohn M, Woo JK, Jeong JH, Lee C, Bae YS, Seong JK. AHNAK Loss in Mice Promotes Type II Pneumocyte Hyperplasia and Lung Tumor Development. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:1287-1298. [PMID: 29724814 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AHNAK is known to be a tumor suppressor in breast cancer due to its ability to activate the TGFβ signaling pathway. However, the role of AHNAK in lung tumor development and progression remains unknown. Here, the Ahnak gene was disrupted to determine its effect on lung tumorigenesis and the mechanism by which it triggers lung tumor development was investigated. First, AHNAK protein expression was determined to be decreased in human lung adenocarcinomas compared with matched nonneoplastic lung tissues. Then, Ahnak -/- mice were used to investigate the role of AHNAK in pulmonary tumorigenesis. Ahnak -/- mice showed increased lung volume and thicker alveolar walls with type II pneumocyte hyperplasia. Most importantly, approximately 20% of aged Ahnak -/- mice developed lung tumors, and Ahnak -/- mice were more susceptible to urethane-induced pulmonary carcinogenesis than wild-type mice. Mechanistically, Ahnak deficiency promotes the cell growth of lung epithelial cells by suppressing the TGFβ signaling pathway. In addition, increased numbers of M2-like alveolar macrophages (AM) were observed in Ahnak -/- lungs, and the depletion of AMs in Ahnak -/- lungs alleviated lung hyperplastic lesions, suggesting that M2-like AMs promoted the progression of lung hyperplastic lesions in Ahnak-null mice. Collectively, AHNAK suppresses type II pneumocyte proliferation and inhibits tumor-promoting M2 alternative activation of macrophages in mouse lung tissue. These results suggest that AHNAK functions as a novel tumor suppressor in lung cancer.Implications: The tumor suppressor function of AHNAK, in murine lungs, occurs by suppressing alveolar epithelial cell proliferation and modulating lung microenvironment. Mol Cancer Res; 16(8); 1287-98. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Won Park
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program Plus for Advanced Veterinary Science, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul, Korea
| | - Il Yong Kim
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program Plus for Advanced Veterinary Science, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Won Choi
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program Plus for Advanced Veterinary Science, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jung Lim
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Shin
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program Plus for Advanced Veterinary Science, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yo Na Kim
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program Plus for Advanced Veterinary Science, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seo Hyun Lee
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program Plus for Advanced Veterinary Science, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeri Son
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program Plus for Advanced Veterinary Science, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mira Sohn
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Kyu Woo
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program Plus for Advanced Veterinary Science, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Cheolju Lee
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Soo Bae
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program Plus for Advanced Veterinary Science, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. .,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul, Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program for Bioinformatics, Program for Cancer Biology and BIO-MAX/N-Bio Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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218
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Kumar V. Targeting macrophage immunometabolism: Dawn in the darkness of sepsis. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 58:173-185. [PMID: 29625385 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is known since the time (470 BC) of great Greek physician, Hippocrates. Advancement in modern medicine and establishment of separate branches of medical science dealing with sepsis research have improved its outcome. However, mortality associated with sepsis still remains higher (25-30%) that further increases to 40-50% in the presence of septic shock. For example, sepsis-associated deaths account more in comparison to deaths-associated with myocardial-infarction and certain cancers (i.e. breast and colorectal cancer). However, it is now well established that profound activation of innate immune cells including macrophages play a very important role in the immunopathogenesis of sepsis. Macrophages are sentinel cells of the innate immune system with their location varying from peripheral blood to various target organs including lungs, liver, brain, kidneys, skin, testes, vascular endothelium etc. Thus, profound and dysregulated activation of these cells during sepsis can directly impact the outcome of sepsis. However, the emergence of the concept of immunometabolism as a major controller of immune response has raised a new hope for identifying new targets for immunomodulatory therapeutic approaches. Thus this present review starts with an introduction of sepsis as a major medical problem worldwide and signifies the role of dysregulated innate immune response including macrophages in its immunopathogenesis. Thereafter, subsequent sections describe changes in immunometabolic stage of macrophages (both M1 and M2) during sepsis. The article ends with the discussion of novel macrophage-specific therapeutic targets targeting their immunometabolism during sepsis and epigenetic regulation of macrophage immunometabolism and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kumar
- Children's Health Queensland Clinical Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Mater Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, ST Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4078, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, ST Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4078, Australia.
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219
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Guri Y, Nordmann TM, Roszik J. mTOR at the Transmitting and Receiving Ends in Tumor Immunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:578. [PMID: 29662490 PMCID: PMC5890199 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease and a leading cause of death worldwide. Immunity is critical for cancer control. Cancer cells exhibit high mutational rates and therefore altered self or neo-antigens, eliciting an immune response to promote tumor eradication. Failure to mount a proper immune response leads to cancer progression. mTOR signaling controls cellular metabolism, immune cell differentiation, and effector function. Deregulated mTOR signaling in cancer cells modulates the tumor microenvironment, thereby affecting tumor immunity and possibly promoting carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakir Guri
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thierry M Nordmann
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jason Roszik
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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220
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Poh AR, Ernst M. Targeting Macrophages in Cancer: From Bench to Bedside. Front Oncol 2018; 8:49. [PMID: 29594035 PMCID: PMC5858529 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are a major component of the tumor microenvironment and orchestrate various aspects of immunity. Within tumors, macrophages can reversibly alter their endotype in response to environmental cues, including hypoxia and stimuli derived from other immune cells, as well as the extracellular matrix. Depending on their activation status, macrophages can exert dual influences on tumorigenesis by either antagonizing the cytotoxic activity immune cells or by enhancing antitumor responses. In most solid cancers, increased infiltration with tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) has long been associated with poor patient prognosis, highlighting their value as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cancer. A number of macrophage-centered approaches to anticancer therapy have been investigated, and include strategies to block their tumor-promoting activities or exploit their antitumor effector functions. Integrating therapeutic strategies to target TAMs to complement conventional therapies has yielded promising results in preclinical trials and warrants further investigation to determine its translational benefit in human cancer patients. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the pro-tumorigenic programming of macrophages and provide a comprehensive update of macrophage-targeted therapies for the treatment of solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh R Poh
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
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221
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Shapouri-Moghaddam A, Mohammadian S, Vazini H, Taghadosi M, Esmaeili SA, Mardani F, Seifi B, Mohammadi A, Afshari JT, Sahebkar A. Macrophage plasticity, polarization, and function in health and disease. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6425-6440. [PMID: 29319160 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2532] [Impact Index Per Article: 422.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are heterogeneous and their phenotype and functions are regulated by the surrounding micro-environment. Macrophages commonly exist in two distinct subsets: 1) Classically activated or M1 macrophages, which are pro-inflammatory and polarized by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) either alone or in association with Th1 cytokines such as IFN-γ, GM-CSF, and produce pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-12, IL-23, and TNF-α; and 2) Alternatively activated or M2 macrophages, which are anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory and polarized by Th2 cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13 and produce anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-β. M1 and M2 macrophages have different functions and transcriptional profiles. They have unique abilities by destroying pathogens or repair the inflammation-associated injury. It is known that M1/M2 macrophage balance polarization governs the fate of an organ in inflammation or injury. When the infection or inflammation is severe enough to affect an organ, macrophages first exhibit the M1 phenotype to release TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-12, and IL-23 against the stimulus. But, if M1 phase continues, it can cause tissue damage. Therefore, M2 macrophages secrete high amounts of IL-10 and TGF-β to suppress the inflammation, contribute to tissue repair, remodeling, vasculogenesis, and retain homeostasis. In this review, we first discuss the basic biology of macrophages including origin, differentiation and activation, tissue distribution, plasticity and polarization, migration, antigen presentation capacity, cytokine and chemokine production, metabolism, and involvement of microRNAs in macrophage polarization and function. Secondly, we discuss the protective and pathogenic role of the macrophage subsets in normal and pathological pregnancy, anti-microbial defense, anti-tumor immunity, metabolic disease and obesity, asthma and allergy, atherosclerosis, fibrosis, wound healing, and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Shapouri-Moghaddam
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, BuAli Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeed Mohammadian
- Faculty of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Immunology Research Center, BuAli Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Vazini
- Nursing Department, Basic Sciences Faculty, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Taghadosi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili
- Faculty of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Immunology Research Center, BuAli Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mardani
- Faculty of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Immunology Research Center, BuAli Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bita Seifi
- Department of Anatomy, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Iran
| | - Asadollah Mohammadi
- Inflammation and Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jalil T Afshari
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, BuAli Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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222
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Yoon BR, Oh YJ, Kang SW, Lee EB, Lee WW. Role of SLC7A5 in Metabolic Reprogramming of Human Monocyte/Macrophage Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2018; 9:53. [PMID: 29422900 PMCID: PMC5788887 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acids (AAs) are necessary nutrients which act not only as building blocks in protein synthesis but also in crucial anabolic cellular signaling pathways. It has been demonstrated that SLC7A5 is a critical transporter that mediates uptake of several essential amino acids in highly proliferative tumors and activated T cells. However, the dynamics and relevance of SLC7A5 activity in monocytes/macrophages is still poorly understood. We provide evidence that SLC7A5-mediated leucine influx contributes to pro-inflammatory cytokine production via mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1)-induced glycolytic reprograming in activated human monocytes/macrophages. Moreover, expression of SLC7A5 is significantly elevated in monocytes derived from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic inflammatory disease, and was also markedly induced by LPS stimulation of both monocytes and macrophages from healthy individuals. Further, pharmacological blockade or silencing of SLC7A5 led to a significant reduction of IL-1β downstream of leucine-mediated mTORC1 activation. Inhibition of SLC7A5-mediated leucine influx was linked to downregulation of glycolytic metabolism as evidenced by the decreased extracellular acidification rate, suggesting a regulatory role for this molecule in glycolytic reprograming. Furthermore, the expression of SLC7A5 on circulating monocytes from RA patients positively correlated with clinical parameters, suggesting that SLC7A5-mediated AA influx is related to inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ruem Yoon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Jeong Oh
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong Wook Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eun Bong Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won-Woo Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Infectious Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea
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223
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Altered mTORC1 signalling may contribute to macrophage dysregulation in hidradenitis suppurativa. Inflamm Res 2017; 67:207-208. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-017-1115-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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224
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Mazzone M, Menga A, Castegna A. Metabolism and TAM functions-it takes two to tango. FEBS J 2017; 285:700-716. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Mazzone
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis; Center for Cancer Biology (CCB); VIB; Leuven Belgium
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis; Department of Oncology; KU Leuven; Belgium
| | - Alessio Menga
- Hematology Unit; National Cancer Research Center; Istituto Tumori ‘Giovanni Paolo II’; Bari Italy
| | - Alessandra Castegna
- Hematology Unit; National Cancer Research Center; Istituto Tumori ‘Giovanni Paolo II’; Bari Italy
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics; University of Bari; Italy
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225
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Jiang Y, Li Q, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Jiang L, Chen Z. TIPE2 governs macrophage polarization via negative regulation of mTORC1. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:952-960. [PMID: 29115630 PMCID: PMC5780176 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages can be polarized into the inflammatory M1 lineage or the immunomodulatory M2 lineage, depending on the differential tissue microenvironment signaling, specific pathogens or cytokine stimulation. Tumor necrosis factor α-induced protein 8-like protein 2 (TIPE2) has been demonstrated to negatively regulate inflammation by inhibiting the Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway. The present study utilized murine bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) as the model of undifferentiated (M0) macrophages to study the roles of TIPE2 in the differential polarization status of BMDMs. It was observed that the expression levels of TIPE2 were diminished in M1 macrophages treated with lipopolysaccharide/interferon γ, and elevated in M2 macrophages treated with interleukin (IL)-4. BMDMs with TIPE2 overexpression exhibited defective M1 polarization and enhanced responses to IL-4 stimulation. TIPE2 impeded M1 polarization by interfering with mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7-inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB kinase subunit β and B cell receptor-associated protein-serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) activation. TIPE2 overexpression accelerated IL-4 induced M2 polarization by dampening mTORC1 activation via the accelerated process of arginine to urea. Overall, these results define a key role for TIPE2 in macrophage polarization by impeding mTORC1 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Jiang
- Department of Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310051, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Li
- Emergency Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310051, P.R. China
| | - Yuzhi Gao
- Emergency Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Libing Jiang
- Emergency Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Zhimin Chen
- Department of Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310051, P.R. China
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226
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Arakelyan A, Nersisyan L, Poghosyan D, Khondkaryan L, Hakobyan A, Löffler-Wirth H, Melanitou E, Binder H. Autoimmunity and autoinflammation: A systems view on signaling pathway dysregulation profiles. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187572. [PMID: 29099860 PMCID: PMC5669448 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autoinflammatory and autoimmune disorders are characterized by aberrant changes in innate and adaptive immunity that may lead from an initial inflammatory state to an organ specific damage. These disorders possess heterogeneity in terms of affected organs and clinical phenotypes. However, despite the differences in etiology and phenotypic variations, they share genetic associations, treatment responses and clinical manifestations. The mechanisms involved in their initiation and development remain poorly understood, however the existence of some clear similarities between autoimmune and autoinflammatory disorders indicates variable degrees of interaction between immune-related mechanisms. METHODS Our study aims at contributing to a holistic, pathway-centered view on the inflammatory condition of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. We have evaluated similarities and specificities of pathway activity changes in twelve autoimmune and autoinflammatory disorders by performing meta-analysis of publicly available gene expression datasets generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, using a bioinformatics pipeline that integrates Self Organizing Maps and Pathway Signal Flow algorithms along with KEGG pathway topologies. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The results reveal that clinically divergent disease groups share common pathway perturbation profiles. We identified pathways, similarly perturbed in all the studied diseases, such as PI3K-Akt, Toll-like receptor, and NF-kappa B signaling, that serve as integrators of signals guiding immune cell polarization, migration, growth, survival and differentiation. Further, two clusters of diseases were identified based on specifically dysregulated pathways: one gathering mostly autoimmune and the other mainly autoinflammatory diseases. Cluster separation was driven not only by apparent involvement of pathways implicated in adaptive immunity in one case, and inflammation in the other, but also by processes not explicitly related to immune response, but rather representing various events related to the formation of specific pathophysiological environment. Thus, our data suggest that while all of the studied diseases are affected by activation of common inflammatory processes, disease-specific variations in their relative balance are also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsen Arakelyan
- Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences RA, Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Bioinformatics and Bioengineering, Russian-Armenian University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Lilit Nersisyan
- Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences RA, Yerevan, Armenia
- Zaven and Sonia Akian College of Science and Engineering, American University of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - David Poghosyan
- Group of Immune Response Regulation, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences RA, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Lusine Khondkaryan
- Group of Immune Response Regulation, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences RA, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Anna Hakobyan
- Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences RA, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Henry Löffler-Wirth
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Evie Melanitou
- Department of Parasitology and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Hans Binder
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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227
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Bories GFP, Leitinger N. Macrophage metabolism in atherosclerosis. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:3042-3060. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gael F. P. Bories
- Department of Pharmacology and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center; University of Virginia; Charlottsville VA USA
| | - Norbert Leitinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center; University of Virginia; Charlottsville VA USA
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228
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Jones RG, Pearce EJ. MenTORing Immunity: mTOR Signaling in the Development and Function of Tissue-Resident Immune Cells. Immunity 2017; 46:730-742. [PMID: 28514674 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-resident immune cells must balance survival in peripheral tissues with the capacity to respond rapidly upon infection or tissue damage, and in turn couple these responses with intrinsic metabolic control and conditions in the tissue microenvironment. The serine/threonine kinase mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a central integrator of extracellular and intracellular growth signals and cellular metabolism and plays important roles in both innate and adaptive immune responses. This review discusses the function of mTOR signaling in the differentiation and function of tissue-resident immune cells, with focus on the role of mTOR as a metabolic sensor and its impact on metabolic regulation in innate and adaptive immune cells. We also discuss the impact of metabolic constraints in tissues on immune homeostasis and disease, and how manipulating mTOR activity with drugs such as rapamycin can modulate immunity in these contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell G Jones
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada.
| | - Edward J Pearce
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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229
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Huang SCC, Smith AM, Everts B, Colonna M, Pearce EL, Schilling JD, Pearce EJ. Metabolic Reprogramming Mediated by the mTORC2-IRF4 Signaling Axis Is Essential for Macrophage Alternative Activation. Immunity 2017; 45:817-830. [PMID: 27760338 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 419] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage activation status is intrinsically linked to metabolic remodeling. Macrophages stimulated by interleukin 4 (IL-4) to become alternatively (or, M2) activated increase fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation; these metabolic changes are critical for M2 activation. Enhanced glucose utilization is also characteristic of the M2 metabolic signature. Here, we found that increased glucose utilization is essential for M2 activation. Increased glucose metabolism in IL-4-stimulated macrophages required the activation of the mTORC2 pathway, and loss of mTORC2 in macrophages suppressed tumor growth and decreased immunity to a parasitic nematode. Macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) was implicated as a contributing upstream activator of mTORC2 in a pathway that involved PI3K and AKT. mTORC2 operated in parallel with the IL-4Rα-Stat6 pathway to facilitate increased glycolysis during M2 activation via the induction of the transcription factor IRF4. IRF4 expression required both mTORC2 and Stat6 pathways, providing an underlying mechanism to explain how glucose utilization is increased to support M2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Ching-Cheng Huang
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Amber M Smith
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Bart Everts
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Erika L Pearce
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Joel D Schilling
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Edward J Pearce
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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230
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Vandereyken MM, Singh P, Wathieu CP, Jacques S, Zurashvilli T, Dejager L, Amand M, Musumeci L, Singh M, Moutschen MP, Libert CRF, Rahmouni S. Dual-Specificity Phosphatase 3 Deletion Protects Female, but Not Male, Mice from Endotoxemia-Induced and Polymicrobial-Induced Septic Shock. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:2515-2527. [PMID: 28848068 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1602092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Dual-specificity phosphatase 3 (DUSP3) is a small phosphatase with poorly known physiological functions and for which only a few substrates are known. Using knockout mice, we recently reported that DUSP3 deficiency confers resistance to endotoxin- and polymicrobial-induced septic shock. We showed that this protection was macrophage dependent. In this study, we further investigated the role of DUSP3 in sepsis tolerance and showed that the resistance is sex dependent. Using adoptive-transfer experiments and ovariectomized mice, we highlighted the role of female sex hormones in the phenotype. Indeed, in ovariectomized females and in male mice, the dominance of M2-like macrophages observed in DUSP3-/- female mice was reduced, suggesting a role for this cell subset in sepsis tolerance. At the molecular level, DUSP3 deletion was associated with estrogen-dependent decreased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt in peritoneal macrophages stimulated ex vivo by LPS. Our results demonstrate that estrogens may modulate M2-like responses during endotoxemia in a DUSP3-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud M Vandereyken
- Immunology and Infectious Disease Unit, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pratibha Singh
- Immunology and Infectious Disease Unit, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Caroline P Wathieu
- Immunology and Infectious Disease Unit, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Sophie Jacques
- Immunology and Infectious Disease Unit, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Tinatin Zurashvilli
- Immunology and Infectious Disease Unit, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Lien Dejager
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; and.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Amand
- Immunology and Infectious Disease Unit, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Lucia Musumeci
- Immunology and Infectious Disease Unit, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Maneesh Singh
- Immunology and Infectious Disease Unit, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Michel P Moutschen
- Immunology and Infectious Disease Unit, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Claude R F Libert
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; and.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Souad Rahmouni
- Immunology and Infectious Disease Unit, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium;
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231
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Vergadi E, Ieronymaki E, Lyroni K, Vaporidi K, Tsatsanis C. Akt Signaling Pathway in Macrophage Activation and M1/M2 Polarization. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:1006-1014. [PMID: 28115590 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 653] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages become activated initiating innate immune responses. Depending on the signals, macrophages obtain an array of activation phenotypes, described by the broad terms of M1 or M2 phenotype. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway mediates signals from multiple receptors including insulin receptors, pathogen-associated molecular pattern receptors, cytokine receptors, adipokine receptors, and hormones. As a result, the Akt pathway converges inflammatory and metabolic signals to regulate macrophage responses modulating their activation phenotype. Akt is a family of three serine-threonine kinases, Akt1, Akt2, and Akt3. Generation of mice lacking individual Akt, PI3K, or mTOR isoforms and utilization of RNA interference technology have revealed that Akt signaling pathway components have distinct and isoform-specific roles in macrophage biology and inflammatory disease regulation, by controlling inflammatory cytokines, miRNAs, and functions including phagocytosis, autophagy, and cell metabolism. Herein, we review the current knowledge on the role of the Akt signaling pathway in macrophages, focusing on M1/M2 polarization and highlighting Akt isoform-specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Vergadi
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece; and.,Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Eleftheria Ieronymaki
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece; and
| | - Konstantina Lyroni
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece; and
| | - Katerina Vaporidi
- Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Christos Tsatsanis
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece; and
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232
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Rabold K, Netea MG, Adema GJ, Netea-Maier RT. Cellular metabolism of tumor-associated macrophages - functional impact and consequences. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:3022-3041. [PMID: 28771701 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are innate immune cells that play a role not only in host defense against infections, but also in the pathophysiology of autoimmune and autoinflammatory disorders, as well as cancer. An important feature of macrophages is their high plasticity, with high ability to adapt to environmental changes by adjusting their cellular metabolism and immunological phenotype. Macrophages are one of the most abundant innate immune cells within the tumor microenvironment that have been associated with tumor growth, metastasis, angiogenesis and poor prognosis. In the context of cancer, however, so far little is known about metabolic changes in macrophages, which have been shown to determine functional fate of the cells in other diseases. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding the cellular metabolism of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and discuss its implications for cell function. Understanding the regulation of the cellular metabolism of TAMs may reveal novel therapeutic targets for treatment of malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Rabold
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department for Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Gosse J Adema
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Romana T Netea-Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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233
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Krstic J, Trivanovic D, Jaukovic A, Santibanez JF, Bugarski D. Metabolic Plasticity of Stem Cells and Macrophages in Cancer. Front Immunol 2017; 8:939. [PMID: 28848547 PMCID: PMC5552673 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to providing essential molecules for the overall function of cells, metabolism plays an important role in cell fate and can be affected by microenvironmental stimuli as well as cellular interactions. As a specific niche, tumor microenvironment (TME), consisting of different cell types including stromal/stem cells and immune cells, is characterized by distinct metabolic properties. This review will be focused on the metabolic plasticity of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSC) and macrophages in TME, as well as on how the metabolic state of cancer stem cells (CSC), as key drivers of oncogenesis, affects their generation and persistence. Namely, heterogenic metabolic phenotypes of these cell populations, which include various levels of dependence on glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation are closely linked to their complex roles in cancer progression. Besides well-known extrinsic factors, such as cytokines and growth factors, the differentiation and activation states of CSC, MSC, and macrophages are coordinated by metabolic reprogramming in TME. The significance of mutual metabolic interaction between tumor stroma and cancer cells in the immune evasion and persistence of CSC is currently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Krstic
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Drenka Trivanovic
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Jaukovic
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Juan F Santibanez
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Diana Bugarski
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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234
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Yang K, Xu C, Zhang Y, He S, Li D. Sestrin2 Suppresses Classically Activated Macrophages-Mediated Inflammatory Response in Myocardial Infarction through Inhibition of mTORC1 Signaling. Front Immunol 2017; 8:728. [PMID: 28713369 PMCID: PMC5491632 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) triggers an intense inflammatory response that is essential for dead tissue clearance but also detrimental to cardiac repair. Macrophages are active and critical players in the inflammatory response after MI. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which macrophage-mediated inflammatory response is regulated is important for designing new therapeutic interventions for MI. In the current study, we examined the role of Sestrin2, which is a stress-inducible protein that regulate metabolic homeostasis, in the regulation of inflammatory response of cardiac macrophages after MI. We found that cardiac macrophages upregulated Sestrin2 expression in a mouse MI model. Using a lentiviral transduction system to overexpress Sestrin2 in polarized M1 and M2 macrophages, we revealed that Sestrin2 predominantly functioned on M1 rather than M2 macrophages. Sestrin2 overexpression suppressed inflammatory response of M1 macrophages both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, in the mouse MI model with selective depletion of endogenous macrophages and adoptive transfer of exogenous Sestrin2-overexpressing macrophages, the anti-inflammatory and repair-promoting effect of Sestrin2-overexpressing macrophages was demonstrated. Furthermore, Sestrin2 significantly inhibited mTORC1 signaling in M1 macrophages. Taken together, our study indicates the importance of Sestrin2 for suppression of M1 macrophage-mediated cardiac inflammation after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keping Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Jingzhou Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Chenhong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Jingzhou Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Jingzhou Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Shaolin He
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dazhu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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235
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AKT/PKB Signaling: Navigating the Network. Cell 2017; 169:381-405. [PMID: 28431241 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2274] [Impact Index Per Article: 324.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Ser and Thr kinase AKT, also known as protein kinase B (PKB), was discovered 25 years ago and has been the focus of tens of thousands of studies in diverse fields of biology and medicine. There have been many advances in our knowledge of the upstream regulatory inputs into AKT, key multifunctional downstream signaling nodes (GSK3, FoxO, mTORC1), which greatly expand the functional repertoire of AKT, and the complex circuitry of this dynamically branching and looping signaling network that is ubiquitous to nearly every cell in our body. Mouse and human genetic studies have also revealed physiological roles for the AKT network in nearly every organ system. Our comprehension of AKT regulation and functions is particularly important given the consequences of AKT dysfunction in diverse pathological settings, including developmental and overgrowth syndromes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, and neurological disorders. There has also been much progress in developing AKT-selective small molecule inhibitors. Improved understanding of the molecular wiring of the AKT signaling network continues to make an impact that cuts across most disciplines of the biomedical sciences.
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Wu D, Huang RT, Hamanaka RB, Krause M, Oh MJ, Kuo CH, Nigdelioglu R, Meliton AY, Witt L, Dai G, Civelek M, Prabhakar NR, Fang Y, Mutlu GM. HIF-1α is required for disturbed flow-induced metabolic reprogramming in human and porcine vascular endothelium. eLife 2017; 6:e25217. [PMID: 28556776 PMCID: PMC5495571 DOI: 10.7554/elife.25217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemodynamic forces regulate vascular functions. Disturbed flow (DF) occurs in arterial bifurcations and curvatures, activates endothelial cells (ECs), and results in vascular inflammation and ultimately atherosclerosis. However, how DF alters EC metabolism, and whether resulting metabolic changes induce EC activation, is unknown. Using transcriptomics and bioenergetic analysis, we discovered that DF induces glycolysis and reduces mitochondrial respiratory capacity in human aortic ECs. DF-induced metabolic reprogramming required hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), downstream of NAD(P)H oxidase-4 (NOX4)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS). HIF-1α increased glycolytic enzymes and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-1 (PDK-1), which reduces mitochondrial respiratory capacity. Swine aortic arch endothelia exhibited elevated ROS, NOX4, HIF-1α, and glycolytic enzyme and PDK1 expression, suggesting that DF leads to metabolic reprogramming in vivo. Inhibition of glycolysis reduced inflammation suggesting a causal relationship between flow-induced metabolic changes and EC activation. These findings highlight a previously uncharacterized role for flow-induced metabolic reprogramming and inflammation in ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Wu
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Ru-Ting Huang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Robert B Hamanaka
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Matt Krause
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Myung-Jin Oh
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Cheng-Hsiang Kuo
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Recep Nigdelioglu
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Angelo Y Meliton
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Leah Witt
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Guohao Dai
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, United States
| | - Mete Civelek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States
| | - Nanduri R Prabhakar
- Institute for Integrative Physiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Yun Fang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Gökhan M Mutlu
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
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237
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Yu M, Chen C, Cao Y, Qi R. Inhibitory effects of doxycycline on the onset and progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm and its related mechanisms. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 811:101-109. [PMID: 28545777 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate whether doxycycline (DOX) given at different doses and via different administration routes had protective or therapeutic effects on abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) induced by elastase in mice. Moreover, the anti-AAA mechanism of DOX was studied in TNF-α-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) in vitro. For in vivo study, either daily administration of 30mg/kg of DOX by gavage or intraperitoneal injection of 15mg/kg DOX every other day for 14 days significantly prevented the development of AAA at its early stage. Further study showed that intraperitoneal injection of 15mg/kg DOX every other day for 7 times in total could also cure the established AAA. In vitro study showed that treating VSMCs with TNF-α together with DOX remarkably inhibited the expressions and activities of MMPs (MMP-2 and MMP-9), significantly suppressed the activation of protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signal proteins, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNK) and p38, and downregulated mRNA levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), and significantly upregulated mRNA levels of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD-1), indicating that DOX inhibits activities of MMPs through reducing oxidative stress, suppressing MAPKs and AKT signaling pathways and ameliorating inflammation in VSMCs, and therefore, exerts preventive as well as therapeutic effects on AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maomao Yu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yini Cao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Rong Qi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing 100191, China.
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238
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Tang F, Wang Y, Hemmings BA, Rüegg C, Xue G. PKB/Akt-dependent regulation of inflammation in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 48:62-69. [PMID: 28476657 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a major cause of human cancer. Clinical cancer therapies against inflammatory risk factors are strategically determined. To rationally guide a novel drug development, an improved mechanistic understanding on the pathological connection between inflammation and carcinogenesis is essential. PI3K-PKB signaling axis has been extensively studied and shown to be one of the key oncogenic drivers in most types of cancer. Pharmacological inhibition of the components along this signaling axis is of great interest for developing novel therapies. Interestingly, emerging studies have shown a close association between PKB activation and inflammatory activity in the vicinity of the tumor, and either blockade of PKB or attenuation of para-tumoral inflammation reveals a mutual-interactive pattern through pathway crosstalk. In this review, we intend to discuss recent advances of PKB-regulated chronic inflammation and its potential impacts on tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Tang
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Novartis Pharma AG, 4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Brian A Hemmings
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Curzio Rüegg
- Pathology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Sciences, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Gongda Xue
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
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239
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Rhoads JP, Major AS, Rathmell JC. Fine tuning of immunometabolism for the treatment of rheumatic diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2017; 13:313-320. [PMID: 28381829 PMCID: PMC5502208 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2017.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
All immune cells depend on specific and efficient metabolic pathways to mount an appropriate response. Over the past decade, the field of immunometabolism has expanded our understanding of the various means by which cells modulate metabolism to achieve the effector functions necessary to fight infection or maintain homeostasis. Harnessing these metabolic pathways to manipulate inappropriate immune responses as a therapeutic strategy in cancer and autoimmunity has received increasing scrutiny by the scientific community. Fine tuning immunometabolism to provide the desired response, or prevent a deleterious response, is an attractive alternative to chemotherapy or overt immunosuppression. The various metabolic pathways used by immune cells in rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and osteoarthritis offer numerous opportunities for selective targeting of specific immune cell subsets to manipulate cellular metabolism for therapeutic benefit in these rheumatologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian P Rhoads
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Amy S Major
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; the Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; and the Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA; and at the Department for Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Rathmell
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, and the Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1161 21st Avenue South, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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240
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Van den Bossche J, O'Neill LA, Menon D. Macrophage Immunometabolism: Where Are We (Going)? Trends Immunol 2017; 38:395-406. [PMID: 28396078 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 668] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A growing number of findings highlight the crucial role of metabolic reprogramming in macrophage activation. Metabolic pathways are closely interconnected and recent literature demonstrates the need for glucose metabolism in anti-inflammatory as well as inflammatory macrophages. Moreover, fatty acid oxidation (FAO) not only supports anti-inflammatory responses as described formerly but also drives inflammasome activation in inflammatory macrophages. Hence, defining glycolysis as proinflammatory and FAO as anti-inflammatory may be an oversimplification. Here we review how the rapid growth of the immunometabolism field has improved our understanding of macrophage activation and at the same time has led to an increase in the appearance of contradictory observations. To conclude we discuss current challenges in immunometabolism and present crucial areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Van den Bossche
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Luke A O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Deepthi Menon
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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241
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Chen XH, Liu SR, Peng B, Li D, Cheng ZX, Zhu JX, Zhang S, Peng YM, Li H, Zhang TT, Peng XX. Exogenous l-Valine Promotes Phagocytosis to Kill Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Pathogens. Front Immunol 2017; 8:207. [PMID: 28321214 PMCID: PMC5337526 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria presents a severe threat to public health and causes extensive losses in livestock husbandry and aquaculture. Effective strategies to control such infections are in high demand. Enhancing host immunity is an ideal strategy with fewer side effects than antibiotics. To explore metabolite candidates, we applied a metabolomics approach to investigate the metabolic profiles of mice after Klebsiella pneumoniae infection. Compared with the mice that died from K. pneumoniae infection, mice that survived the infection displayed elevated levels of l-valine. Our analysis showed that l-valine increased macrophage phagocytosis, thereby reducing the load of pathogens; this effect was not only limited to K. pneumoniae but also included Escherichia coli clinical isolates in infected tissues. Two mechanisms are involved in this process: l-valine activating the PI3K/Akt1 pathway and promoting NO production through the inhibition of arginase activity. The NO precursor l-arginine is necessary for l-valine-stimulated macrophage phagocytosis. The valine-arginine combination therapy effectively killed K. pneumoniae and exerted similar effects in other Gram-negative (E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. Our study extends the role of metabolism in innate immunity and develops the possibility of employing the metabolic modulator-mediated innate immunity as a therapy for bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Hai Chen
- Center for Proteomics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Shi-Rao Liu
- Center for Proteomics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Bo Peng
- Center for Proteomics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Dan Li
- Center for Proteomics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhi-Xue Cheng
- Center for Proteomics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jia-Xin Zhu
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Song Zhang
- Center for Proteomics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yu-Ming Peng
- Center for Proteomics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Hui Li
- Center for Proteomics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Tian-Tuo Zhang
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xuan-Xian Peng
- Center for Proteomics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
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242
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Langston PK, Shibata M, Horng T. Metabolism Supports Macrophage Activation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:61. [PMID: 28197151 PMCID: PMC5281575 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are found in most tissues of the body, where they have tissue- and context-dependent roles in maintaining homeostasis as well as coordinating adaptive responses to various stresses. Their capacity for specialized functions is controlled by polarizing signals, which activate macrophages by upregulating transcriptional programs that encode distinct effector functions. An important conceptual advance in the field of macrophage biology, emerging from recent studies, is that macrophage activation is critically supported by metabolic shifts. Metabolic shifts fuel multiple aspects of macrophage activation, and preventing these shifts impairs appropriate activation. These findings raise the exciting possibility that macrophage functions in various contexts could be regulated by manipulating their metabolism. Here, we review the rapidly evolving field of macrophage metabolism, discussing how polarizing signals trigger metabolic shifts and how these shifts enable appropriate activation and sustain effector activities. We also discuss recent studies indicating that the mitochondria are central hubs in inflammatory macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kent Langston
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Munehiko Shibata
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Tiffany Horng
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, MA , USA
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243
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Mining the Complex Family of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases for Checkpoint Regulators in Immunity. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2017; 410:191-214. [PMID: 28929190 DOI: 10.1007/82_2017_68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The family of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) includes 107 genes in humans that are diverse in their structures and expression profiles. The majority are present in immune cells and play various roles in either inhibiting or promoting the duration and amplitude of signaling cascades. Several PTPs, including TC-PTP (PTPN2) and SHP-1 (PTPN6), have been recognized as being crucial for maintaining proper immune response and self-tolerance, and have gained recognition as true immune system checkpoint modulators. This chapter details the most recent literature on PTPs and immunity by examining their known functions in regulating signaling from either established checkpoint inhibitors or by their intrinsic properties, as modulators of the immune response. Notably, we review PTP regulatory properties in macrophages, antigen-presenting dendritic cells, and T cells. Overall, we present the PTP gene family as a remarkable source of novel checkpoint inhibitors wherein lies a great number of new targets for immunotherapies.
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244
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Guo C, Chen WD, Wang YD. TGR5, Not Only a Metabolic Regulator. Front Physiol 2016; 7:646. [PMID: 28082913 PMCID: PMC5183627 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor, Gpbar1 (TGR5), is a member of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. High levels of TGR5 mRNA were detected in several tissues such as small intestine, stomach, liver, lung, especially in placenta and spleen. TGR5 is not only the receptor for bile acids, but also the receptor for multiple selective synthetic agonists such as 6α-ethyl-23(S)-methyl-cholic acid (6-EMCA, INT-777) and a series of 4-benzofuranyloxynicotinamde derivatives to regulate different signaling pathways such as nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), AKT, and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK). TGR5, as a metabolic regulator, is involved in energy homeostasis, bile acid homeostasis, as well as glucose metabolism. More recently, our group and others have extended the functions of TGR5 to more than metabolic regulation, which include inflammatory response, cancer and liver regeneration. These findings highlight TGR5 as a potential drug target for different diseases. This review summarizes the basic information of TGR5 and its new functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Henan UniversityKaifeng, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhot, China
| | - Yan-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing, China
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245
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The Fate of the Tumor in the Hands of Microenvironment: Role of TAMs and mTOR Pathway. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:8910520. [PMID: 28074082 PMCID: PMC5198177 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8910520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2000, written with elegance and accuracy, Hanahan and Weinberg have proposed six major hallmarks of cancer and, together, they provide great advances to the understanding of tumoral biology. Our knowledge about tumor behavior has improved and the investigators have now recognized that inflammatory microenvironment may be a new feature for the tumor entities. Macrophages are considered as an important component of tumoral microenvironment. Biologically, two forms of activated macrophages can be observed: classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternative activated macrophages (M2). Despite the canonical pathways that control this puzzle of macrophages polarization, recently, mTOR signaling pathway has been implicated as an important piece in determining the metabolic and functional differentiation of M1 and M2 profiles. Currently, it is believed that macrophages related to tumoral microenvironment present an “M2-like” feature promoting an immunosuppressive microenvironment enhancing tumoral angiogenesis, growth, and metastasis. In the present review we discuss the role of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment and the role of mTOR pathway in M1 and M2 differentiation. We also discuss the recent findings in M1 and M2 polarization as a possible target in the cancer therapy.
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246
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Macrophages Promote Oxidative Metabolism To Drive Nitric Oxide Generation in Response to Trypanosoma cruzi. Infect Immun 2016; 84:3527-3541. [PMID: 27698021 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00809-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy. Why macrophages (mφs), the early responders to infection, fail to achieve parasite clearance is not known. Mouse (RAW 264.7) and human (THP-1 and primary) mφs were infected for 3 h and 18 h with T. cruzi TcI isolates, SylvioX10/4 (SYL, virulent) and TCC (nonpathogenic), which represent mφ stimulation and infection states, respectively. Mφs incubated with lipopolysaccharide and gamma interferon (LPS/IFN-γ) and with interleukin-4 (IL-4) were used as controls. We monitored the cytokine profile (using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]), reactive oxygen species (ROS; fluorescent probes), nitric oxide (·NO; Griess assay), and metabolic state using a custom-designed mitoxosome array and Seahorse XF24 Analyzer. LPS/IFN-γ treatment of mφs elicited a potent increase in production of tumor necrosis alpha (TNF-α) at 3 h and of ROS and ·NO by 18 h. Upon SYL infection, murine mφs elicited an inflammatory cytokine profile (TNF-α ≫ TGF-β + IL-10) and low levels of ·NO and ROS production. LPS/IFN-γ treatment resulted in the inhibition of oxidative metabolism at the gene expression and functional levels and a switch to the glycolytic pathway in mφs, while IL-4-treated mφs utilized oxidative metabolism to meet energy demands. SYL infection resulted in an intermediate functional metabolic state with increased mitoxosome gene expression and glycolysis, and IFN-γ addition shut down the oxidative metabolism in SYL-infected mφs. Further, TCC- and SYL-stimulated mφs exhibited similar levels of cell proliferation and production of TNF-α and ROS, while TCC-stimulated mφs exhibited up to 2-fold-higher levels of oxidative metabolism and ·NO production than SYL-infected mφs. Inhibiting ATP-coupled O2 consumption suppressed the ·NO generation in SYL-infected mφs. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption constitutes a mechanism for stimulating ·NO production in mφs during T. cruzi infection. Enhancing the oxidative metabolism provides an opportunity for increased ·NO production and pathogen clearance by mφs to limit disease progression.
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247
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Öner D, Moisse M, Ghosh M, Duca RC, Poels K, Luyts K, Putzeys E, Cokic SM, Van Landuyt K, Vanoirbeek J, Lambrechts D, Godderis L, Hoet PHM. Epigenetic effects of carbon nanotubes in human monocytic cells. Mutagenesis 2016; 32:181-191. [PMID: 28011750 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gew053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are fibrous carbon-based nanomaterials with a potential to cause carcinogenesis in humans. Alterations in DNA methylation on cytosine-phosphate-guanidine (CpG) sites are potential markers of exposure-induced carcinogenesis. This study examined cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and DNA methylation alterations on human monocytic cells (THP-1) after incubation with single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) and multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs). Higher cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were observed after incubation with SWCNTs than incubation with MWCNTs. At the selected concentrations (25 and 100 µg/ml), DNA methylation alterations were studied. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to assess global DNA methylation, and Illumina 450K microarrays were used to assess methylation of single CpG sites. Next, we assessed gene promoter-specific methylation levels. We observed no global methylation or hydroxymethylation alterations, but on gene-specific level, distinct clustering of CNT-treated samples were noted. Collectively, CNTs induced gene promoter-specific altered methylation and those 1127 different genes were identified to be hypomethylated. Differentially methylated genes were involved in several signalling cascade pathways, vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet activation pathways. Moreover, possible contribution of the epigenetic alterations to monocyte differentiation and mixed M1/M2 macrophage polarisation were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Öner
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, O & N I Herestraat 49 bus 706, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthieu Moisse
- Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, O & N IV Herestraat 49 bus 912, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Vesalius Research Center, O & N I Herestraat 49 bus 912, 3000 Leuven, Belgium and
| | - Manosij Ghosh
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, O & N I Herestraat 49 bus 706, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Radu C Duca
- Laboratory for Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Kapucijnenvoer 35 blok d bus 7001, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien Poels
- Laboratory for Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Kapucijnenvoer 35 blok d bus 7001, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien Luyts
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, O & N I Herestraat 49 bus 706, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eveline Putzeys
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, O & N I Herestraat 49 bus 706, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Unit of Biomaterials (BIOMAT), Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, Campus Sint-Raphael, Kapucijnenvoer 7, Block A-box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium and
| | - Stevan M Cokic
- Unit of Biomaterials (BIOMAT), Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, Campus Sint-Raphael, Kapucijnenvoer 7, Block A-box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium and
| | - Kirsten Van Landuyt
- Unit of Biomaterials (BIOMAT), Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, Campus Sint-Raphael, Kapucijnenvoer 7, Block A-box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium and
| | - Jeroen Vanoirbeek
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, O & N I Herestraat 49 bus 706, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Kapucijnenvoer 35 blok d bus 7001, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, O & N IV Herestraat 49 bus 912, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Vesalius Research Center, O & N I Herestraat 49 bus 912, 3000 Leuven, Belgium and
| | - Lode Godderis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, O & N I Herestraat 49 bus 706, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, IDEWE, Interleuvenlaan 58, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter H M Hoet
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, O & N I Herestraat 49 bus 706, 3000 Leuven, Belgium,
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248
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Brenner AK, Andersson Tvedt TH, Bruserud Ø. The Complexity of Targeting PI3K-Akt-mTOR Signalling in Human Acute Myeloid Leukaemia: The Importance of Leukemic Cell Heterogeneity, Neighbouring Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Immunocompetent Cells. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111512. [PMID: 27845732 PMCID: PMC6273124 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic targeting of PI3K-Akt-mTOR is considered a possible strategy in human acute myeloid leukaemia (AML); the most important rationale being the proapoptotic and antiproliferative effects of direct PI3K/mTOR inhibition observed in experimental studies of human AML cells. However, AML is a heterogeneous disease and these effects caused by direct pathway inhibition in the leukemic cells are observed only for a subset of patients. Furthermore, the final effect of PI3K-Akt-mTOR inhibition is modulated by indirect effects, i.e., treatment effects on AML-supporting non-leukemic bone marrow cells. In this article we focus on the effects of this treatment on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and monocytes/macrophages; both these cell types are parts of the haematopoietic stem cell niches in the bone marrow. MSCs have unique membrane molecule and constitutive cytokine release profiles, and mediate their support through bidirectional crosstalk involving both cell-cell contact and the local cytokine network. It is not known how various forms of PI3K-Akt-mTOR targeting alter the molecular mechanisms of this crosstalk. The effect on monocytes/macrophages is also difficult to predict and depends on the targeted molecule. Thus, further development of PI3K-Akt-mTOR targeting into a clinical strategy requires detailed molecular studies in well-characterized experimental models combined with careful clinical studies, to identify patient subsets that are likely to respond to this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette K Brenner
- Section for Haematology, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Tor Henrik Andersson Tvedt
- Section for Haematology, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Øystein Bruserud
- Section for Haematology, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
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249
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Abstract
Macrophage polarization refers to how macrophages have been activated at a given point in space and time. Polarization is not fixed, as macrophages are sufficiently plastic to integrate multiple signals, such as those from microbes, damaged tissues, and the normal tissue environment. Three broad pathways control polarization: epigenetic and cell survival pathways that prolong or shorten macrophage development and viability, the tissue microenvironment, and extrinsic factors, such as microbial products and cytokines released in inflammation. A plethora of advances have provided a framework for rationally purifying, describing, and manipulating macrophage polarization. Here, I assess the current state of knowledge about macrophage polarization and enumerate the major questions about how activated macrophages regulate the physiology of normal and damaged tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Murray
- Departments of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105;
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250
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Warren KJ, Fang X, Gowda NM, Thompson JJ, Heller NM. The TORC1-activated Proteins, p70S6K and GRB10, Regulate IL-4 Signaling and M2 Macrophage Polarization by Modulating Phosphorylation of Insulin Receptor Substrate-2. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:24922-24930. [PMID: 27742835 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.756791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung M2 macrophages are regulators of airway inflammation, associated with poor lung function in allergic asthma. Previously, we demonstrated that IL-4-induced M2 gene expression correlated with tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2) in macrophages. We hypothesized that negative regulation of IRS-2 activity after IL-4 stimulation is dependent upon serine phosphorylation of IRS-2. Herein, we describe an inverse relationship between tyrosine phosphorylation (Tyr(P)) and serine phosphorylation (Ser(P)) of IRS-2 after IL-4 stimulation. Inhibiting serine phosphatase activity increased Ser(P)-IRS-2 and decreased Tyr(P)-IRS-2 leading to reduced M2 gene expression (CD200R, CCL22, MMP12, and TGM2). We found that inhibition of p70S6K, downstream of TORC1, resulted in diminished Ser(P)-IRS-2 and prolonged Tyr(P)-IRS-2 as well. Inhibition of p70S6K increased expression of CD200R and CCL22 indicating that p70S6K negatively regulates some, but not all, human M2 genes. Knocking down GRB10, another negative regulatory protein downstream of TORC1, enhanced both Tyr(P)-IRS-2 and increased expression of all four M2 genes. Furthermore, GRB10 associated with IRS-2, NEDD4.2 (an E3-ubiquitin ligase), IL-4Rα, and γC after IL-4 stimulation. Both IL-4Rα and γC were ubiquitinated after 30 min of IL-4 treatment, suggesting that GRB10 may regulate degradation of the IL-4 receptor-signaling complex through interactions with NEDD4.2. Taken together, these data highlight two novel regulatory proteins that could be therapeutically manipulated to limit IL-4-induced IRS-2 signaling and polarization of M2 macrophages in allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi J Warren
- From Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Xi Fang
- From Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Nagaraj M Gowda
- From Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Joshua J Thompson
- From Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Nicola M Heller
- From Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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