201
|
Angell AR, Angell SF, de Nys R, Paul NA. Seaweed as a protein source for mono-gastric livestock. Trends Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
202
|
Partanen R, Sibakov J, Rommi K, Hakala T, Holopainen-Mantila U, Lahtinen P, Ercili-Cura D, Lantto R. Dispersion stability of non-refined turnip rapeseed (Brassica rapa) protein concentrate: Impact of thermal, mechanical and enzymatic treatments. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
203
|
Fermentation of cow milk and/or pea milk mixtures by different starter cultures: Physico-chemical and sensorial properties. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
204
|
Bikker P, van Krimpen MM, van Wikselaar P, Houweling-Tan B, Scaccia N, van Hal JW, Huijgen WJJ, Cone JW, López-Contreras AM. Biorefinery of the green seaweed Ulva lactuca to produce animal feed, chemicals and biofuels. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY 2016; 28:3511-3525. [PMID: 28035175 PMCID: PMC5155021 DOI: 10.1007/s10811-016-0842-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The growing world population demands an increase in animal protein production. Seaweed may be a valuable source of protein for animal feed. However, a biorefinery approach aimed at cascading valorisation of both protein and non-protein seaweed constituents is required to realise an economically feasible value chain. In this study, such a biorefinery approach is presented for the green seaweed Ulva lactuca containing 225 g protein (N × 4.6) kg-1 dry matter (DM). The sugars in the biomass were solubilised by hot water treatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis and centrifugation resulting in a sugar-rich hydrolysate (38.8 g L-1 sugars) containing glucose, rhamnose and xylose, and a protein-enriched (343 g kg-1 in DM) extracted fraction. This extracted fraction was characterised for use in animal feed, as compared to U. lactuca biomass. Based on the content of essential amino acids and the in vitro N (85 %) and organic matter (90 %) digestibility, the extracted fraction seems a promising protein source in diets for monogastric animals with improved characteristics as compared to the intact U. lactuca. The gas production test indicated a moderate rumen fermentation of U. lactuca and the extracted fraction, about similar to that of alfalfa. Reduction of the high content of minerals and trace elements may be required to allow a high inclusion level of U. lactuca products in animal diets. The hydrolysate was used successfully for the production of acetone, butanol, ethanol and 1,2-propanediol by clostridial fermentation, and the rhamnose fermentation pattern was studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Bikker
- Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, De Elst 1, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marinus M. van Krimpen
- Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, De Elst 1, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Piet van Wikselaar
- Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, De Elst 1, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bwee Houweling-Tan
- Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nazareno Scaccia
- Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap W. van Hal
- Biomass & Energy Efficiency, Energy research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN), Westerduinweg 3, 1755 LE Petten, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J. J. Huijgen
- Biomass & Energy Efficiency, Energy research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN), Westerduinweg 3, 1755 LE Petten, The Netherlands
| | - John W. Cone
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, De Elst 1, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ana M. López-Contreras
- Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
205
|
Mazzoni M, Bombardi C, Vallorani C, Sirri F, De Giorgio R, Caio G, Grandis A, Sternini C, Clavenzani P. Distribution of α-transducin and α-gustducin immunoreactive cells in the chicken (Gallus domesticus) gastrointestinal tract. Poult Sci 2016; 95:1624-1630. [PMID: 26957624 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression and distribution patterns of the taste signaling molecules, α-gustducin (Gαgust) and α-transducin (Gαtran) G-protein subunits, were studied in the gastrointestinal tract of the chicken (Gallus domesticus) using the immunohistochemical method. Gαgust and Gαtran immunoreactive (-IR) cells were observed in the mucosal layer of all examined segments, except the esophagus, crop, and the saccus cranialis of the gizzard. The highest numbers of Gαgust and Gαtran-IR cells were found in the proventriculus glands and along the villi of the pyloric, duodenum, and rectal mucosa. Gαgust and Gαtran-IR cells located in the villi of the jejunum, ileum, and cloaca were much less numerous, while only a few Gαgust and Gαtran-IR cells were detected in the mucosa of the proventriculus and cecum. In the crypts, IR cells were observed in the small and large intestine as well as in the cloaca. Gαgust and Gαtran-IR cells displayed elongated ("bottle-" or "pear-like") or rounded shape. The demonstration of Gαgust and Gαtran expression provides evidence for taste receptor mediated mucosal chemosensitivity in the chicken gastrointestinal tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Mazzoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia (BO), Italy.
| | - C Bombardi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - C Vallorani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - F Sirri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - R De Giorgio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna (BO), Italy
| | - G Caio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna (BO), Italy
| | - A Grandis
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - C Sternini
- CURE/DDRC, Division of Digestive Diseases, Departments Medicine and Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles; Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Health System, Los Angeles, CA
| | - P Clavenzani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia (BO), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
206
|
Adding Value to Fruit Processing Waste: Innovative Ways to Incorporate Fibers from Berry Pomace in Baked and Extruded Cereal-based Foods-A SUSFOOD Project. Foods 2015; 4:690-697. [PMID: 28231231 PMCID: PMC5224562 DOI: 10.3390/foods4040690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This article communicates the set-up of BERRYPOM, a European research project established in the second call of the SUStainable FOOD Production and Consumption (SUSFOOD) network. The project deals with the by-product from berry processing, which is frequently recycled as animal feed, composted or utilized for biogas production. With BERRYPOM it is proposed to analyze the value of berry pomace, to optimize the recovery of bioactive compounds from pomace material, and to incorporate processed berry pomace in cereal-based foods to take advantage of nutritional benefits that originate from its fiber and the content of bioactive substances. Additionally, extraction methods will be evaluated to obtain products rich in phytochemicals, and the influence of processing steps on the antioxidant capacity of pomace will be analyzed. The fiber extracts will then also be utilized in different cereal-based foods and extruded products. As project outcome we expect a substantial increase of knowledge concerning fiber and phytochemicals extraction from berry pomace, its suitability for enhancing nutritional and sensory properties of cereal-based foods, and its effects on the sustainability of the food chain.
Collapse
|
207
|
Cyclical changes in biomass productivity and amino acid content of freshwater macroalgae following nitrogen manipulation. ALGAL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
208
|
The effect of salinity on the biomass productivity, protein and lipid composition of a freshwater macroalga. ALGAL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
209
|
World meat consumption patterns: An overview of the last fifty years (1961–2011). Meat Sci 2015; 109:106-11. [PMID: 26117396 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
210
|
Leroy F, Praet I. Meat traditions. The co-evolution of humans and meat. Appetite 2015; 90:200-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
211
|
Angell AR, Mata L, de Nys R, Paul NA. Indirect and direct effects of salinity on the quantity and quality of total amino acids in Ulva ohnoi (Chlorophyta). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2015; 51:536-545. [PMID: 26986668 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Salinity can affect the quantity and quality of total amino acids (TAAs) in seaweeds indirectly by altering growth rates and thereby diluting or concentrating the amino acid content of the biomass, or directly by altering the synthesis of specific amino acids and osmolytes. This study attempted to partition the indirect and direct effects of salinity on the quantity and quality of TAAs in the green seaweed Ulva ohnoi by culturing it under a range of salinities without nutrient limitation. Both the quantity and quality of TAAs varied across the salinity treatments. Quantity was most strongly related to the growth rate of the seaweed and was highest in the slowest growing seaweed. In contrast, the quality of TAAs (individual amino acids as a proportion of total content) was most strongly related to salinity for all amino acids, although this varied substantially among individual amino acids. Increases in salinity were positively correlated with the proportion of proline (46% increase), tyrosine (36% increase), and histidine (26% increase), whereas there was a negative correlation with alanine (29% decrease). The proportion of methionine, with strong links to the synthesis of the osmolyte dimethylsulfoniopropionate, did not correlate linearly with salinity and instead was moderately higher at the optimal salinities for growth. These results show that salinity simultaneously affects the quantity and quality of TAAs in seaweed through both indirect and direct mechanisms, with growth rates playing the overarching role in determining the quantity of TAAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex R Angell
- MACRO - the Centre for Macroalgal Resources & Biotechnology, College of Marine & Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Leonardo Mata
- MACRO - the Centre for Macroalgal Resources & Biotechnology, College of Marine & Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Rocky de Nys
- MACRO - the Centre for Macroalgal Resources & Biotechnology, College of Marine & Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Paul
- MACRO - the Centre for Macroalgal Resources & Biotechnology, College of Marine & Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
212
|
Bitter taste receptor T2R1 activities were compatible with behavioral sensitivity to bitterness in chickens. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 460:464-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
213
|
Salmon L. Food security for infants and young children: an opportunity for breastfeeding policy? Int Breastfeed J 2015; 10:7. [PMID: 25750657 PMCID: PMC4352266 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-015-0029-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased global demand for imported breast milk substitutes (infant formula, follow-on formula and toddler milks) in Asia, particularly China, and food safety recalls have led to shortages of these products in high income countries. At the same time, commodification and trade of expressed breast milk have fuelled debate about its regulation, cost and distribution. In many economies suboptimal rates of breastfeeding continue to be perpetuated, at least partially, because of a failure to recognise the time, labour and opportunity costs of breast milk production. To date, these issues have not figured prominently in discussions of food security. Policy responses have been piecemeal and reveal conflicts between promotion and protection of breastfeeding and a deregulated trade environment that facilitates the marketing and consumption of breast milk substitutes. DISCUSSION The elements of food security are the availability, accessibility, utilization and stability of supply of nutritionally appropriate and acceptable quantities of food. These concepts have been applied to food sources for infants and young children: breastfeeding, shared breast milk and breast milk substitutes, in accordance with World Health Organization (WHO)/United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) guidelines on infant feeding. A preliminary analysis indicates that a food security framework may be used to respond appropriately to the human rights, ethical, economic and environmental sustainability issues that affect the supply and affordability of different infant foods. SUMMARY Food security for infants and young children is not possible without high rates of breastfeeding. Existing international and national instruments to protect, promote and support breastfeeding have not been implemented on a wide scale globally. These instruments need review to take into account the emerging trade environment that includes use of the internet, breast milk markets and globalised supply chains for breast milk substitutes. New approaches are required to handle the long-standing policy conflicts that surround infant and young child feeding. Placing breastfeeding in a food security framework may achieve the political attention and policy co-ordination required to accelerate breastfeeding rates in a range of economies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Libby Salmon
- Australian Centre for Economic Research on Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Building #62, Corner of Mills & Eggleston Roads, Canberra, ACT 0200 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
214
|
|
215
|
van Kuijk S, Sonnenberg A, Baars J, Hendriks W, Cone J. Fungal treated lignocellulosic biomass as ruminant feed ingredient: A review. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:191-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
216
|
Cheled-Shoval SL, Behrens M, Meyerhof W, Niv MY, Uni Z. Perinatal administration of a bitter tastant influences gene expression in chicken palate and duodenum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:12512-12520. [PMID: 25427148 DOI: 10.1021/jf502219a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bitter taste receptors (Tas2rs) and downstream effectors are responsible for mediating bitterness perception and regulation of food choice in mammals. Using RT-PCR, we demonstrated the expression of three Tas2rs and taste signal transduction molecules, α-gustducin, PLCβ2, and TRPM5, in the palate, tongue, and gastrointestinal tract sections in chicken. The bitter tastant quinine activates all three chicken Tas2rs in vitro as shown using calcium-imaging assays of transfected cells. Administration of quinine postnatally or perinatally (both pre- and posthatch) to chickens increased the expression of Tas2r genes in the palate by 6.45-fold (ggTas2r1 postnatal treatment), 4.86-fold (ggTas2r1 perinatal treatment), and 4.48-fold (ggTas2r7 postnatal treatment) compared to the genes' expression in the naı̈ve group respectively, and affected taste related gene expression in the duodenum. Whereas no-choice intake of quinine solution was not significantly lower than that of water in naı̈ve chicks, the treatment groups postnatal, prenatal, and perinatal showed significantly lower intake of quinine by 56.1, 47.7, and 50.2%, respectively, suggesting a possible trend toward sensitization. These results open new venues toward unraveling the formative stages shaping food intake and nutrition in chicken.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shira L Cheled-Shoval
- Department of Animal Science and ‡Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, and The Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics, The Hebrew University , Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
217
|
Martin AH, Nieuwland M, de Jong GAH. Characterization of heat-set gels from RuBisCO in comparison to those from other proteins. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:10783-10791. [PMID: 25314325 DOI: 10.1021/jf502905g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To anticipate a future shortage in functional proteins, it is important to study the functionality of new alternative protein sources. Native RuBisCO was extracted from spinach, and its gelation behavior was compared to other native proteins from animal and plant origins. Protein gels were analyzed for their mechanical gel properties during small and large deformation and for their microstructure. Heat-induced aggregation and network formation of RuBisCO resulted in gels with unique characteristics compared to, for example, whey protein and egg white protein. Having a very low critical gelling concentration and low denaturation temperature, RuBisCO readily forms a network with a very high gel strength (G', fracture stress), but upon deformation it has a brittle character (low critical strain, low fracture strain). This breakdown behavior can be explained by the dominant role of hydrophobic and hydrogen bonds between RuBisCO molecules during network formation and by the coarse microstructure. RuBisCO was shown to exhibit high potential as a functional ingredient giving opportunities for the design of new textures at low protein concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anneke H Martin
- Functional Ingredients, TNO, P.O. Box 360, 3700 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
218
|
Bosch G, Zhang S, Oonincx DGAB, Hendriks WH. Protein quality of insects as potential ingredients for dog and cat foods. J Nutr Sci 2014; 3:e29. [PMID: 26101598 PMCID: PMC4473158 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2014.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects have been proposed as a high-quality, efficient and sustainable dietary protein source. The present study evaluated the protein quality of a selection of insect species. Insect substrates were housefly pupae, adult house cricket, yellow mealworm larvae, lesser mealworm larvae, Morio worm larvae, black soldier fly larvae and pupae, six spot roach, death's head cockroach and Argentinean cockroach. Reference substrates were poultry meat meal, fish meal and soyabean meal. Substrates were analysed for DM, N, crude fat, ash and amino acid (AA) contents and for in vitro digestibility of organic matter (OM) and N. The nutrient composition, AA scores as well as in vitro OM and N digestibility varied considerably between insect substrates. For the AA score, the first limiting AA for most substrates was the combined requirement for Met and Cys. The pupae of the housefly and black soldier fly were high in protein and had high AA scores but were less digestible than other insect substrates. The protein content and AA score of house crickets were high and similar to that of fish meal; however, in vitro N digestibility was higher. The cockroaches were relatively high in protein but the indispensable AA contents, AA scores and the in vitro digestibility values were relatively low. In addition to the indices of protein quality, other aspects such as efficiency of conversion of organic side streams, feasibility of mass-production, product safety and pet owner perception are important for future dog and cat food application of insects as alternative protein source.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guido Bosch
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis G. A. B. Oonincx
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, PO Box 8031, 6700 EH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter H. Hendriks
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
219
|
Grabowska KJ, Tekidou S, Boom RM, van der Goot AJ. Shear structuring as a new method to make anisotropic structures from soy-gluten blends. Food Res Int 2014; 64:743-751. [PMID: 30011712 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The concept of shear-induced structuring was applied to concentrated blends of soy protein isolate (SPI) and wheat gluten (WG) to create novel semi-solid food textures. Concurrent simple shear deformation and heating (95°C) of the protein blends generated original structures consisting of fibers or layers. The ratio of SPI to vital WG and the final concentration determined the morphology of the structure. It is hypothesized that the spatial distribution of the SPI-rich phase and the WG-rich phase in a blend was altered by the shear flow. When both phases became aligned horizontally in the shear cell, a fibrous structure was formed; when they became aligned vertically in the shear cell, a layered structure was formed. The structures obtained were analyzed visually and using texture analysis and scanning electron microscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna J Grabowska
- Food Process Engineering Laboratory, Wageningen University, Bornse weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stavroula Tekidou
- Food Process Engineering Laboratory, Wageningen University, Bornse weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Remko M Boom
- Food Process Engineering Laboratory, Wageningen University, Bornse weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Atze-Jan van der Goot
- Food Process Engineering Laboratory, Wageningen University, Bornse weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
220
|
|
221
|
“Meatless days” or “less but better”? Exploring strategies to adapt Western meat consumption to health and sustainability challenges. Appetite 2014; 76:120-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
222
|
Angell AR, Mata L, de Nys R, Paul NA. Variation in amino acid content and its relationship to nitrogen content and growth rate in Ulva ohnoi (Chlorophyta). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2014; 50:216-226. [PMID: 26988020 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the quantitative and qualitative changes in amino acids related to internal nitrogen content and growth rate of Ulva ohnoi, the supply of nitrogen to outdoor cultures of the seaweed was manipulated by simultaneously varying water nitrogen concentrations and renewal rate. Both internal nitrogen content and growth rate varied substantially, and the quantitative and qualitative changes in amino acids were described in the context of three internal nitrogen states: nitrogen-limited, metabolic, and luxury. The nitrogen limited state was defined by increases in all amino acids with increasing nitrogen content and growth up until 1.2% internal nitrogen. The metabolic nitrogen state was defined by increases in all amino acids with increasing internal nitrogen content up to 2.6%, with no increases in growth rate. Luxury state was defined by internal nitrogen content above 2.6%, which occurred only when nitrogen availability was high but growth rates were reduced. In this luxury circumstance, excess nitrogen was accumulated as free amino acids, in two phases. The first phase was distinguished by a small increase in the majority of amino acids up to ≈3.3% internal nitrogen, and the second by a large increase in glutamic acid, glutamine, and arginine up to 4.2% internal nitrogen. These results demonstrate that the relationship between internal nitrogen content and amino acid quality is dynamic but predictable, and could be used for the selective culture of seaweeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex R Angell
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Leonardo Mata
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Rocky de Nys
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Paul
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
223
|
Malher X, Belloc C. Bridging the gap between veterinary student interest and professional demand for poultry-specialized veterinarians: a French experience. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION 2014; 41:337-343. [PMID: 25172107 DOI: 10.3138/jvme.0214-025r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent crises concerning poultry production revealed a relative deficit in the availability of veterinary competencies to manage some acute public health and animal welfare concerns. Veterinary education might be critically questioned about this deficit. The authors present the experience of the education program on poultry production medicine at the Veterinary College of Nantes in France over a 10-year period. First, the program consists of integrative teaching focused on a holistic multidisciplinary approach to this professional field on a compulsory basis. Evaluation of the course by the students through a questionnaire (N=1,032) showed a large favorable consensus. Second, the completion of an elective program targeting profession-specific competencies may allow the student to challenge his or her choice of this professional orientation in the undergraduate curriculum. According to the importance they want to give to poultry, and concurrently to other species, students have the possibility of building a curriculum that is either partly or fully devoted to poultry production medicine: a 6-month thesis, 2-10 weeks of professional training, 2 weeks in the field to solve a poultry flock health problem, and 2-4 weeks of specialized courses in poultry production medicine. To round off this curriculum, the national post-graduate program in poultry production medicine is highlighted, as well as its links with the residency program of the European College of Poultry Veterinary Science.
Collapse
|
224
|
van der Spiegel M, Noordam M, van der Fels-Klerx H. Safety of Novel Protein Sources (Insects, Microalgae, Seaweed, Duckweed, and Rapeseed) and Legislative Aspects for Their Application in Food and Feed Production. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2013; 12:662-678. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. van der Spiegel
- RIKILT Wageningen UR; Wageningen Univ. and Research Centre; P.O. Box 230; 6700 AE; Wageningen; the Netherlands
| | - M.Y. Noordam
- RIKILT Wageningen UR; Wageningen Univ. and Research Centre; P.O. Box 230; 6700 AE; Wageningen; the Netherlands
| | - H.J. van der Fels-Klerx
- RIKILT Wageningen UR; Wageningen Univ. and Research Centre; P.O. Box 230; 6700 AE; Wageningen; the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
225
|
Green AJ, Littlejohn KA, Hooley P, Cox PW. Formation and stability of food foams and aerated emulsions: Hydrophobins as novel functional ingredients. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|