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Abstract
Suicidal behaviors have been associated with both heritable genetic variables and environmental risk factors. Epigenetic processes, such as DNA methylation, have important roles in mediating the effects of the environment on behavior. Dysregulation of these processes has been observed in many psychiatric disorders, and evidence suggests that they may also be involved in suicidal behaviors. Herein, we have summarized candidate gene and epigenome-wide studies which have investigated DNA methylation in relation to suicidal behaviors, as well as discussed some of the limitations of the field to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Fiori
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, QC, Canada
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, QC, Canada.
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202
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Stress-induced plasticity and functioning of ventral tegmental dopamine neurons. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 108:48-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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203
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Carnevali L, Pattini E, Sgoifo A, Ottaviani C. Effects of prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation on autonomic and neuroendocrine responses to psychosocial stress in healthy humans. Stress 2020; 23:26-36. [PMID: 31177885 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2019.1625884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged or repeated activation of the stress response can have negative psychological and physical consequences. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is thought to exert an inhibitory influence on the activity of autonomic and neuroendocrine stress response systems. In this study, we further investigated this hypothesis by increasing PFC excitability using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Healthy male participants were randomized to receive either anodal (excitatory) tDCS (n = 15) or sham stimulation (n = 15) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) immediately before and during the exposure to a psychosocial stress test. Autonomic (heart rate (HR) and its variability) and neuroendocrine (salivary cortisol) parameters were assessed. One single session of excitatory tDCS over the left DLPFC (i) reduced HR and favored a larger vagal prevalence prior to stress exposure, (ii) moderated stress-induced HR acceleration and sympathetic activation/vagal withdrawal, but (iii) had no effect on stress-induced cortisol release. However, anodal tDCS over the left DLPFC prevented stress-induced changes in the cortisol awakening response. Finally, participants receiving excitatory tDCS reported a reduction in their levels of state anxiety upon completion of the psychosocial stress test. In conclusion, this study provides first insights into the efficacy of one single session of excitatory tDCS over the left DLPFC in attenuating autonomic and neuroendocrine effects of psychosocial stress exposure. These findings might be indicative of the important role of the left DLPFC, which is a cortical target for noninvasive brain stimulation treatment of depression, for successful coping with stressful stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Carnevali
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Stress Physiology Lab, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Elena Pattini
- Centro per la Cura, la Diagnosi e lo Studio dei Disturbi della Comunicazione e della Socializzazione, Ausl Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Sgoifo
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Stress Physiology Lab, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Cristina Ottaviani
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
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204
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Pedersen WS, Kral TRA, Rosenkranz MA, Mumford JA, Davidson RJ. Increased BNST reactivity to affective images is associated with greater α-amylase response to social stress. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2019; 14:1263-1272. [PMID: 31993663 PMCID: PMC7137719 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While rodent research suggests that the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) and centromedial amygdala (CM) coordinate the hormonal stress response, little is known about the BNST’s role in the human stress response. The human BNST responds to negatively valenced stimuli, which likely subserves its role in responding to threat. Thus, variation in BNST reactivity to negatively valenced stimuli may relate to differences in the stress response. We measured participants’ blood oxygenated level-dependent response to affective images and salivary cortisol and α-amylase (AA) levels in response to a subsequent Trier social stress test (TSST). Greater BNST activation to emotionally evocative images was associated with a larger TSST-evoked AA, but not cortisol response. This association remained after controlling for CM activation, which was not related to the cortisol or AA response. These results suggest that the BNST response to negatively valenced images subserves its role in coordinating the stress response, a BNST role in the stress response independent from the CM, and highlight the need for investigation of the conditions under which BNST activation predicts the cortisol response. Our findings are critical for the future study of mood and anxiety disorders, as dysregulation of the stress system plays a key role in their pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walker S Pedersen
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705-2280, USA
| | - Tammi R A Kral
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705-2280, USA
| | - Melissa A Rosenkranz
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705-2280, USA
| | - Jeanette A Mumford
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705-2280, USA
| | - Richard J Davidson
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705-2280, USA
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205
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Neurochemical Characterization of Neurons Expressing Estrogen Receptor β in the Hypothalamic Nuclei of Rats Using in Situ Hybridization and Immunofluorescence. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010115. [PMID: 31877966 PMCID: PMC6981915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogens play an essential role in multiple physiological functions in the brain, including reproductive neuroendocrine, learning and memory, and anxiety-related behaviors. To determine these estrogen functions, many studies have tried to characterize neurons expressing estrogen receptors known as ERα and ERβ. However, the characteristics of ERβ-expressing neurons in the rat brain still remain poorly understood compared to that of ERα-expressing neurons. The main aim of this study is to determine the neurochemical characteristics of ERβ-expressing neurons in the rat hypothalamus using RNAscope in situ hybridization (ISH) combined with immunofluorescence. Strong Esr2 signals were observed especially in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV), bed nucleus of stria terminalis, hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), supraoptic nucleus, and medial amygdala, as previously reported. RNAscope ISH with immunofluorescence revealed that more than half of kisspeptin neurons in female AVPV expressed Esr2, whereas few kisspeptin neurons were found to co-express Esr2 in the arcuate nucleus. In the PVN, we observed a high ratio of Esr2 co-expression in arginine-vasopressin neurons and a low ratio in oxytocin and corticotropin-releasing factor neurons. The detailed neurochemical characteristics of ERβ-expressing neurons identified in the current study can be very essential to understand the estrogen signaling via ERβ.
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206
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Head GA, Jackson KL, Gueguen C. Potential Therapeutic Use of Neurosteroids for Hypertension. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1477. [PMID: 31920690 PMCID: PMC6920208 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) contribution to long-term setting of blood pressure (BP) and hence hypertension has been a continuing controversy over many decades. However, the contribution of increased sympathetic vasomotor tone to the heart, kidney, and blood vessels has been suggested as a major influence on the development of high BP which affects 30-40% of the population. This is relevant to hypertension associated with chronic stress, being overweight or obese as well to chronic kidney disease. Treatments that have attempted to block the peripheral aspects of the SNS contribution have included surgery to cut the sympathetic nerves as well as agents to block α- and β-adrenoceptors. Other treatments, such as centrally acting drugs like clonidine, rilmenidine, or moxonidine, activate receptors within the ventrolateral medulla to reduce the vasomotor tone overall but have side effects that limit their use. None of these treatments target the cause of the enhanced sympathetic tone. Recently we have identified an antihypertensive action of the neurosteroid allopregnanolone in a mouse model of neurogenic hypertension. Allopregnanolone is known to facilitate high-affinity extra-synaptic γ-aminobutyric acid A receptors (GABAAR) through allosteric modulation and transcriptional upregulation. The antihypertensive effect was specific for increased expression of δ subunits in the amygdala and hypothalamus. This focused review examines the possibility that neurosteroids may be a novel therapeutic approach to address the neurogenic contribution to hypertension. We discuss the causes and prevalence of neurogenic hypertension, current therapeutic approaches, and the applicability of using neurosteroids as antihypertensive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey A Head
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kristy L Jackson
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cindy Gueguen
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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207
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Constantinof A, Boureau L, Moisiadis VG, Kostaki A, Szyf M, Matthews SG. Prenatal Glucocorticoid Exposure Results in Changes in Gene Transcription and DNA Methylation in the Female Juvenile Guinea Pig Hippocampus Across Three Generations. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18211. [PMID: 31796763 PMCID: PMC6890750 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54456-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic glucocorticoids (sGC) are administered to women at risk for pre-term delivery, to mature the fetal lung and decrease neonatal morbidity. sGC also profoundly affect the fetal brain. The hippocampus expresses high levels of glucocorticoid (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), and its development is affected by elevated fetal glucocorticoid levels. Antenatal sGC results in neuroendocrine and behavioral changes that persist in three generations of female guinea pig offspring of the paternal lineage. We hypothesized that antenatal sGC results in transgenerational changes in gene expression that correlate with changes in DNA methylation. We used RNASeq and capture probe bisulfite sequencing to investigate the transcriptomic and epigenomic effects of antenatal sGC exposure in the hippocampus of three generations of juvenile female offspring from the paternal lineage. Antenatal sGC exposure (F0 pregnancy) resulted in generation-specific changes in hippocampal gene transcription and DNA methylation. Significant changes in individual CpG methylation occurred in RNApol II binding regions of small non-coding RNA (snRNA) genes, which implicates alternative splicing as a mechanism involved in transgenerational transmission of the effects of antenatal sGC. This study provides novel perspectives on the mechanisms involved in transgenerational transmission and highlights the importance of human studies to determine the longer-term effects of antenatal sGC on hippocampal-related function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Constantinof
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Lisa Boureau
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Sackler Program for Epigenetics & Psychobiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G1Y6, Canada
| | - Vasilis G Moisiadis
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Alisa Kostaki
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Moshe Szyf
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Sackler Program for Epigenetics & Psychobiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G1Y6, Canada
| | - Stephen G Matthews
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada.
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, M5G1X5, Canada.
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208
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Godar SC, Cadeddu R, Floris G, Mosher LJ, Mi Z, Jarmolowicz DP, Scheggi S, Walf AA, Koonce CJ, Frye CA, Muma NA, Bortolato M. The Steroidogenesis Inhibitor Finasteride Reduces the Response to Both Stressful and Rewarding Stimuli. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9110749. [PMID: 31752360 PMCID: PMC6920809 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Finasteride (FIN) is the prototypical inhibitor of steroid 5α-reductase (5αR), the enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step of the conversion of progesterone and testosterone into their main neuroactive metabolites. FIN is clinically approved for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and male baldness; while often well-tolerated, FIN has also been shown to cause or exacerbate psychological problems in vulnerable subjects. Evidence on the psychological effects of FIN, however, remains controversial, in view of inconsistent clinical reports. Here, we tested the effects of FIN in a battery of tests aimed at capturing complementary aspects of mood regulation and stress reactivity in rats. FIN reduced exploratory, incentive, prosocial, and risk-taking behavior; furthermore, it decreased stress coping, as revealed by increased immobility in the forced-swim test (FST). This last effect was also observed in female and orchiectomized male rats, suggesting that the mechanism of action of FIN does not primarily reflect changes in gonadal steroids. The effects of FIN on FST responses were associated with a dramatic decrease in corticotropin release hormone (CRH) mRNA and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels. These results suggest that FIN impairs stress reactivity and reduces behavioral activation and impulsive behavior by altering the function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean C. Godar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake, UT 84112, USA; (S.C.G.); (R.C.); (G.F.); (L.J.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Roberto Cadeddu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake, UT 84112, USA; (S.C.G.); (R.C.); (G.F.); (L.J.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Gabriele Floris
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake, UT 84112, USA; (S.C.G.); (R.C.); (G.F.); (L.J.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Laura J. Mosher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake, UT 84112, USA; (S.C.G.); (R.C.); (G.F.); (L.J.M.); (S.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy; Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (Z.M.); (N.A.M.)
| | - Zhen Mi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy; Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (Z.M.); (N.A.M.)
| | - David P. Jarmolowicz
- Department of Applied Behavioral Science; University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA;
- Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment; University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Simona Scheggi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake, UT 84112, USA; (S.C.G.); (R.C.); (G.F.); (L.J.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Alicia A. Walf
- Department of Cognitive Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA;
- Department of Psychology; The University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA; (C.J.K.); (C.A.F.)
| | - Carolyn J. Koonce
- Department of Psychology; The University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA; (C.J.K.); (C.A.F.)
| | - Cheryl A. Frye
- Department of Psychology; The University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA; (C.J.K.); (C.A.F.)
- Department of Biological Sciences; The University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, The University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
- Comprehensive Neuropsychological Services, Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | - Nancy A. Muma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy; Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (Z.M.); (N.A.M.)
| | - Marco Bortolato
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake, UT 84112, USA; (S.C.G.); (R.C.); (G.F.); (L.J.M.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence:
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209
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Daviu N, Bruchas MR, Moghaddam B, Sandi C, Beyeler A. Neurobiological links between stress and anxiety. Neurobiol Stress 2019; 11:100191. [PMID: 31467945 PMCID: PMC6712367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2019.100191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress and anxiety have intertwined behavioral and neural underpinnings. These commonalities are critical for understanding each state, as well as their mutual interactions. Grasping the mechanisms underlying this bidirectional relationship will have major clinical implications for managing a wide range of psychopathologies. After briefly defining key concepts for the study of stress and anxiety in pre-clinical models, we present circuit, as well as cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in either or both stress and anxiety. First, we review studies on divergent circuits of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) underlying emotional valence processing and anxiety-like behaviors, and how norepinephrine inputs from the locus coeruleus (LC) to the BLA are responsible for acute-stress induced anxiety. We then describe recent studies revealing a new role for mitochondrial function within the nucleus accumbens (NAc), defining individual trait anxiety in rodents, and participating in the link between stress and anxiety. Next, we report findings on the impact of anxiety on reward encoding through alteration of circuit dynamic synchronicity. Finally, we present work unravelling a new role for hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons in controlling anxiety-like and stress-induce behaviors. Altogether, the research reviewed here reveals circuits sharing subcortical nodes and underlying the processing of both stress and anxiety. Understanding the neural overlap between these two psychobiological states, might provide alternative strategies to manage disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Daviu
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute. Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Michael R. Bruchas
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine. Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion. University of Washington. 1959 NE Pacific Street, J-wing Health Sciences. Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Bita Moghaddam
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Carmen Sandi
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 19, CH, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anna Beyeler
- Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM 1215, Université de Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France
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210
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Chang J, Yu R. Hippocampal connectivity in the aftermath of acute social stress. Neurobiol Stress 2019; 11:100195. [PMID: 31832509 PMCID: PMC6889252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2019.100195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is a core brain region that responds to stress. Previous studies have found a dysconnectivity between hippocampus and other brain regions under acute and chronic stress. However, whether and how acute social stress influences the directed connectivity patterns from and to the hippocampus remains unclear. In this study, using a within-subject design and Granger causal analysis (GCA), we investigated the alterations of resting state effective connectivity from and to hippocampal subregions after an acute social stressor (the Trier Social Stress Test). Participants were engaged in stress and control conditions spaced approximately one month apart. Our findings showed that stress altered the information flows in the thalamus-hippocampus-insula/midbrain circuit. The changes in this circuit could also predict with high accuracy the stress and control conditions at the subject level. These hippocampus-related brain networks have been documented to be involved in emotional information processing and storage, as well as habitual responses. We speculate that alterations of the effective connectivity between these brain regions may be associated with the registering and encoding of threatening stimuli under stress. Our investigation of hippocampal functional connectivity at a subregional level may help elucidate the functional neurobiology of stress-related psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Chang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongjun Yu
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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211
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Berner LA, Brown TA, Lavender JM, Lopez E, Wierenga CE, Kaye WH. Neuroendocrinology of reward in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: Beyond leptin and ghrelin. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 497:110320. [PMID: 30395874 PMCID: PMC6497565 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) are still poorly understood, but psychobiological models have proposed a key role for disturbances in the neuroendocrines that signal hunger and satiety and maintain energy homeostasis. Mounting evidence suggests that many neuroendocrines involved in the regulation of homeostasis and body weight also play integral roles in food reward valuation and learning via their interactions with the mesolimbic dopamine system. Neuroimaging data have associated altered brain reward responses in this system with the dietary restriction and binge eating and purging characteristic of AN and BN. Thus, neuroendocrine dysfunction may contribute to or perpetuate eating disorder symptoms via effects on reward circuitry. This narrative review focuses on reward-related neuroendocrines that are altered in eating disorder populations, including peptide YY, insulin, stress and gonadal hormones, and orexins. We provide an overview of the animal and human literature implicating these neuroendocrines in dopaminergic reward processes and discuss their potential relevance to eating disorder symptomatology and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Berner
- University of California, San Diego, Eating Disorders Center for Treatment and Research, Department of Psychiatry, United States.
| | - Tiffany A Brown
- University of California, San Diego, Eating Disorders Center for Treatment and Research, Department of Psychiatry, United States
| | - Jason M Lavender
- University of California, San Diego, Eating Disorders Center for Treatment and Research, Department of Psychiatry, United States
| | - Emily Lopez
- University of California, San Diego, Eating Disorders Center for Treatment and Research, Department of Psychiatry, United States
| | - Christina E Wierenga
- University of California, San Diego, Eating Disorders Center for Treatment and Research, Department of Psychiatry, United States
| | - Walter H Kaye
- University of California, San Diego, Eating Disorders Center for Treatment and Research, Department of Psychiatry, United States
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212
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Dagnino-Subiabre A. Stress and Western diets increase vulnerability to neuropsychiatric disorders: A common mechanism. Nutr Neurosci 2019; 24:624-634. [PMID: 31524571 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2019.1661651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In modern lifestyle, stress and Western diets are two major environmental risk factors involved in the etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. Lifelong interactions between stress, Western diets, and how they can affect brain physiology, remain unknown. A possible relation between dietary long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), endocannabinoids, and stress is proposed. This review suggests that both Western diets and negative stress or distress increase n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio in the phospholipids of the plasma membrane in neurons, allowing an over-activation of the endocannabinoid system in the limbic areas that control emotions. As a consequence, an excitatory/inhibitory imbalance is induced, which may affect the ability to synchronize brain areas involved in the control of stress responses. These alterations increase vulnerability to neuropsychiatric disorders. Accordingly, dietary intake of n-3 PUFA would counter the effects of stress on the brain of stressed subjects. In conclusion, this article proposes that PUFA, endocannabinoids, and stress form a unique system which is self-regulated in limbic areas which in turn controls the effects of stress on the brain throughout a lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexies Dagnino-Subiabre
- Laboratory of Stress Neurobiology, Center for Neurobiology and Integrative Pathophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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213
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do Nascimento EB, Dierschnabel AL, de Macêdo Medeiros A, Suchecki D, Silva RH, Ribeiro AM. Memory impairment induced by different types of prolonged stress is dependent on the phase of the estrous cycle in female rats. Horm Behav 2019; 115:104563. [PMID: 31377100 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2019.104563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence demonstrates that estrogen and corticosterone (CORT) impact on cognition and emotion. On the one hand, ovarian hormones may have beneficial effects on several neurophysiological processes, including memory. On the other hand, chronic exposure to stressful conditions has negative effects on brain structures related to learning and memory. In the present study, we used the plus-maze discriminative avoidance task (PMDAT) to evaluate the influence of endogenous variations of sex hormones and exposure to different types of prolonged stressors on learning, memory, anxiety-like behavior and locomotion. Female Wistar rats were submitted to seven consecutive days of restraint stress (4 h/day), overcrowding (18 h/day) or social isolation (18 h/day) and tested in different phases of the estrous cycle. The main results showed that: (1) neither stress conditions nor estrous cycle modified PMDAT acquisition; (2) restraint stress and social isolation induced memory impairments; (3) this impairment was observed particularly in females in metestrus/diestrus; (4) stressed females in estrus displayed less risk assessment behavior, suggesting reduced anxiety-like behavior; (5) restraint stress and social isolation, but not overcrowding, elevated corticosterone levels. Taken together, our findings suggest that the phase of the estrous cycle is an important modulatory factor of the cognitive processing disrupted by stress in female rats. Negative effects were observed in metestrus/diestrus, indicating that the peak of sex hormones may protect females against stress-induced memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel Batista do Nascimento
- Health Science Center, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Teixeira de Freitas, BA, Brazil; Memory Studies Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Aline Lima Dierschnabel
- Memory Studies Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - André de Macêdo Medeiros
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Deborah Suchecki
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Regina Helena Silva
- Memory Studies Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Mussi Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Bioprospecting of Natural Products, Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil.
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214
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Egan AE, Seemiller LR, Packard AEB, Solomon MB, Ulrich-Lai YM. Palatable food reduces anxiety-like behaviors and HPA axis responses to stress in female rats in an estrous-cycle specific manner. Horm Behav 2019; 115:104557. [PMID: 31310760 PMCID: PMC6765440 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Eating tasty foods dampens responses to stress - an idea reflected in the colloquial term 'comfort foods'. To study the neurobiological mechanisms by which palatable foods provide stress relief, we previously characterized a limited sucrose intake (LSI) paradigm in which male rats are given twice-daily access to 4 ml of 30% sucrose solution (vs. water as a control), and subsequently have reduced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis responsivity and anxiety-related behaviors. Notably, women may be more prone to 'comfort feeding' than men, and this may vary across the menstrual cycle, suggesting the potential for important sex and estrous cycle differences. In support of this idea, LSI reduces HPA axis responses in female rats during the proestrus/estrus (P/E), as opposed to the diestrus 1/diestrus 2 (D1/D2) estrous cycle stage. However, the effect of LSI on anxiety-related behaviors in females remains unknown. Here we show that LSI reduced stress-related behaviors in female rats in the elevated plus-maze and restraint tests, but not in the open field test, though only during P/E. LSI also decreased the HPA axis stress response primarily during P/E, consistent with prior findings. Finally, cFos immunolabeling (a marker of neuronal activation) revealed that LSI increased post-restraint cFos in the central amygdala medial subdivision (CeM) and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis posterior subnuclei (BSTp) exclusively during P/E. These results suggest that in female rats, palatable food reduces both behavioral and neuroendocrine stress responses in an estrous cycle-dependent manner, and the CeM and BSTp are implicated as potential mediators of these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann E Egan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA
| | - Laurel R Seemiller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA
| | - Amy E B Packard
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA
| | - Matia B Solomon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA
| | - Yvonne M Ulrich-Lai
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA.
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215
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Linz R, Puhlmann LMC, Apostolakou F, Mantzou E, Papassotiriou I, Chrousos GP, Engert V, Singer T. Acute psychosocial stress increases serum BDNF levels: an antagonistic relation to cortisol but no group differences after mental training. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:1797-1804. [PMID: 30991416 PMCID: PMC6785147 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0391-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an essential facilitator of neuronal plasticity. By counteracting the adverse effects of excessive stress-induced glucocorticoid signaling, BDNF has been implicated as a resilience factor to psychopathology caused by chronic stress. Insights into the effects of acute stress on peripheral BDNF levels in humans are inconclusive. The short-term interplay between BDNF and cortisol in response to acute psychosocial stress remains unexplored. Furthermore, it is unknown whether mental training that is effective at reducing cortisol reactivity can also influence BDNF during acute stress. In the current study, we investigated serum BDNF levels during an acute psychosocial stress paradigm, the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), in 301 healthy participants (178 women, mean age = 40.65) recruited as part of the ReSource Project, a large-scale mental training study consisting of three distinct 3-month training modules. Using a cross-sectional study design, we first examined the relationship between BDNF and salivary cortisol in a control group with no mental training. Subsequent analyses focused on differences in BDNF stress levels between control and mental training groups. We show that serum BDNF is indeed stress-sensitive, characterized by a significant post-stress increase and subsequent decline to recovery. While respective increases in BDNF and cortisol were not associated, we found two indications for an antagonistic relationship. Higher BDNF peaks after stress were associated with steeper cortisol recovery. On the other hand, the magnitude of the cortisol stress response was linked to steeper BDNF recovery after stress. BDNF levels were not modulated by any of the mental training modules. Providing novel evidence for the dynamics of BDNF and cortisol during acute stress, our findings may further inform research on the physiological mechanisms involved in stress chronification and the associated health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Linz
- Research Group "Social Stress and Family Health", Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
- Department of Social Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - L M C Puhlmann
- Research Group "Social Stress and Family Health", Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Social Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - F Apostolakou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - E Mantzou
- First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - I Papassotiriou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - G P Chrousos
- First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - V Engert
- Research Group "Social Stress and Family Health", Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Social Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - T Singer
- Department of Social Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
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216
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Emmerson MG, Spencer KA, Brown GR. Social experience during adolescence in female rats increases 50 kHz ultrasonic vocalizations in adulthood, without affecting anxiety-like behavior. Dev Psychobiol 2019; 62:212-223. [PMID: 31429082 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents are highly motivated to engage in social interactions, and researchers have hypothesized that positive social relationships during adolescence can have long term, beneficial effects on stress reactivity and mental well-being. Studies of laboratory rodents provide the opportunity to investigate the relationship between early social experiences and later behavioral and physiological responses to stressors. In this study, female Lister-hooded rats (N = 12 per group) were either (a) provided with short, daily encounters (10 min/day) with a novel partner during mid-adolescence (postnatal day 34-45; "social experience," SE, subjects) or (b) underwent the same protocol with a familiar cagemate during mid-adolescence ("control experience," CE, subjects), or (c) were left undisturbed in the home cage (non-handled "control," C, subjects). When tested in adulthood, the groups did not differ in behavioral responses to novel environments (elevated plus maze, open field, and light-dark box) or in behavioral and physiological (urinary corticosterone) responses to novel social partners. However, SE females emitted significantly more 50 kHz ultrasonic vocalizations than control subjects both before and after social separation from a familiar social partner, which is consistent with previous findings in male rats. Thus, enhanced adolescent social experience appears to have long-term effects on vocal communication and could potentially modulate adult social relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen A Spencer
- School of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Gillian R Brown
- School of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
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217
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Rogers-Carter MM, Christianson JP. An insular view of the social decision-making network. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 103:119-132. [PMID: 31194999 PMCID: PMC6699879 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Social animals must detect, evaluate and respond to the emotional states of other individuals in their group. A constellation of gestures, vocalizations, and chemosignals enable animals to convey affect and arousal to others in nuanced, multisensory ways. Observers integrate social information with environmental and internal factors to select behavioral responses to others via a process call social decision-making. The Social Decision Making Network (SDMN) is a system of brain structures and neurochemicals that are conserved across species (mammals, reptiles, amphibians, birds) that are the proximal mediators of most social behaviors. However, how sensory information reaches the SDMN to shape behavioral responses during a social encounter is not well known. Here we review the empirical data that demonstrate the necessity of sensory systems in detecting social stimuli, as well as the anatomical connectivity of sensory systems with each node of the SDMN. We conclude that the insular cortex is positioned to link integrated social sensory cues to this network to produce flexible and appropriate behavioral responses to socioemotional cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan M Rogers-Carter
- Department of Psychology, McGuinn Rm 300, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA.
| | - John P Christianson
- Department of Psychology, McGuinn Rm 300, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA.
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218
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Pandey GN, Rizavi HS, Bhaumik R, Ren X. Increased protein and mRNA expression of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), decreased CRF receptors and CRF binding protein in specific postmortem brain areas of teenage suicide subjects. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 106:233-243. [PMID: 31005044 PMCID: PMC7061258 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Overactivity of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function has been implicated in depression and suicidal behavior. This is based on the observation of an abnormal dexamethasone (DEX) and DEX-adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) test in patients with depression and suicidal behavior. Recently, some studies have also found abnormalities of glucocorticoid receptors (GR), mineralocorticoid receptors (MR), corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), CRF receptors (CRF-R) and CRF binding protein (CRF-BP) in depressed and suicidal patients. Some investigators have also observed increased levels of CRF in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and altered levels of MR, GR and CRF in the postmortem brain of depressed and suicidal subjects. We have earlier reported decreased protein and mRNA expression of GR and GILZ, a chaperone protein, in the postmortem brain of teenage suicide subjects. We have further studied CRF and its receptors in different areas of the postmortem brain of suicide subjects, i.e., the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus (HIPPO), subiculum and amygdala (AMY) from teenage suicide subjects. The CRF and its receptors were determined in the PFC (Brodmann area 9), HIPPO, subiculum and different amygdaloid nuclei from 24 normal control subjects and 24 teenage suicide subjects. Protein expression of CRF, its receptors and CRF-BP was determined by immunolabeling using the Western blot technique and mRNA expression was determined by real-time PCR (qPCR) technique. We found that the mRNA levels of CRF were significantly increased in the PFC, in the central amygdaloid nucleus (CeAMY) and in the subiculum. mRNA levels of CRF-R1 and CRF-BP were significantly decreased in the PFC. We did not find any changes in the HIPPO of any of the CRF components we studied. When we compared the protein expression of CRF components we found that CRF was significantly increased and CRF-R1, CRF-R2 and CRF-BP significantly decreased in the PFC. On the other hand, there were no changes in the protein expression of CRF components in the HIPPO. Our results in the postmortem brain suggest that, as found by clinical studies in the CSF, there are significant alterations of CRF and its receptors in the postmortem brain of teenage suicide subjects. These alterations of CRF and its components were region-specific, as changes were not generally observed in the HIPPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghanshyam N. Pandey
- Corresponding Author: Ghanshyam N. Pandey, Ph.D., University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA, Phone (312) 413-4540, Fax: (312) 413-4547,
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219
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Traina G. Mast Cells in Gut and Brain and Their Potential Role as an Emerging Therapeutic Target for Neural Diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:345. [PMID: 31417365 PMCID: PMC6682652 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mast cells (MCs) are the leader cells of inflammation. They are well known for their involvement on allergic reactions through degranulation and release of vasoactive, inflammatory, and nociceptive mediators. Upon encountering potential danger signal, MCs are true sensors of the environment, the first to respond in rapid and selective manner. The MC activates the algic response and modulates the evolution of nociceptive pain, typical of acute inflammation, to neuropathic pain, typical not only of chronic inflammation but also of the dysregulation of the pain system. Yet, MC may contribute to modulate intensity of the associated depressive and anxiogenic component on the neuronal and microglial biological front. Chronic inflammation is a common mediator of these co-morbidities. In parallel to the removal of the etiological factors of tissue damage, the modulation of MC hyperactivity and the reduction of the release of inflammatory factors may constitute a new frontier of pharmacological intervention aimed at preventing the chronicity of inflammation, the evolution of pain, and also the worsening of the depression and anxiogenic state associated with it. So, identifying specific molecules able to modify MC activity may be an important therapeutic tool. Various preclinical evidences suggest that the intestinal microbiota contributes substantially to mood and behavioral disorders. In humans, conditions of the microbiota have been linked to stress, anxiety, depression, and pain. MC is likely the crucial neuroimmune connecting between these components. In this review, the involvement of MCs in pain, stress, and depression is reviewed. We focus on the MC as target that may be mediating stress and mood disorders via microbiota-gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Traina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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220
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Wang D, Xu B, Wang J, Wang H, Guo J, Ji H, Li S, Wu R, Yang H, Lian S. Response of the maternal hypothalamus to cold stress during late pregnancy in rats. Brain Res 2019; 1722:146354. [PMID: 31356783 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Maternal stress is a key risk factor in the development of offspring. We previously identified prenatal cold stress-induced anxiety-like behavior reduced in the offspring of rats along with negative feedback regulation from the maternal hippocampus on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis during prenatal cold stress. However, the precise function of the maternal hypothalamus response to cold stress during late pregnancy in rats has not yet been determined. Therefore, we examined proteins in the hypothalamus that respond to aldosterone, neurodevelopment, inflammation and apoptosis. Our results show that prenatal cold stress induced the expression of mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2), suggesting prenatal cold stress may promote the elevation of aldosterone levels in the hypothalamus. Remarkably, increased expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) helped to replenish intracellular peptidergic stores and ensure homeostatic balance during prenatal cold stress. Furthermore, prenatal cold stress reduced the expression of c-Fos via STAT3 and ERK1/2 pathways in the hypothalamus. Moreover, prenatal cold stress induced NF-κB phosphorylation at Ser536, then promoted the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and induced an apoptosis-related protein response. Together, this study confirms that changes in the maternal hypothalamus during cold stress in late pregnancy are directly reflective of the response of the HPA to cold stress and demonstrates how the hypothalamus coordinates cold stress. We suggest mechanisms which might explain how these states might be linked with an abnormal stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Bin Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Jianfa Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Hai Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Jingru Guo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Hong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Shize Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Rui Wu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Huanmin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China.
| | - Shuai Lian
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China.
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221
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Atrooz F, Liu H, Salim S. Stress, psychiatric disorders, molecular targets, and more. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 167:77-105. [PMID: 31601407 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mental health is central to normal health outcomes. A widely accepted theory is that chronic persistent stress during adulthood as well as during early life triggers onset of neuropsychiatric ailments. However, questions related to how that occurs, and why are some individuals resistant to stress while others are not, remain unanswered. An integrated, multisystemic stress response involving neuroinflammatory, neuroendocrine, epigenetic and metabolic cascades have been suggested to have causative links. Several theories have been proposed over the years to conceptualize this link including the cytokine hypothesis, the endocrine hypothesis, the oxidative stress hypothesis and the oxido-neuroinflammation hypothesis. The data discussed in this review describes potential biochemical basis of the link between stress, and stress-induced neuronal, behavioral and emotional deficits, providing insights into potentially novel drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatin Atrooz
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hesong Liu
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Samina Salim
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States.
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222
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Richter A, Krämer B, Diekhof EK, Gruber O. Resilience to adversity is associated with increased activity and connectivity in the VTA and hippocampus. Neuroimage Clin 2019; 23:101920. [PMID: 31491818 PMCID: PMC6617249 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests altered function of the mesolimbic reward system resulting from exposure to early adversity. The present study investigated the combined long-term impact of adversity until young adulthood on neuronal reward processing and its interaction with individual resilience processes. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging study, 97 healthy young adults performed a reward-based decision-making task. Adversity as well as resilience were assessed retrospectively using the validated childhood trauma questionnaire, trauma history questionnaire and a resilience scale. Subjects with high adversity load showed reduced reward-related bottom-up activation in the ventral striatum (VS), ventral tegmental area (VTA) and hippocampus (HP) as compared to the low adversity group. However, high resilience traits in individuals with high adversity load were associated with an increased activation in the VTA and HP, indicating a possible resilience-related protective mechanism. Moreover, when comparing groups with high to low adversity, psychophysiological interaction analyses highlighted an increased negative functional coupling between VS and VTA as well as between VS and anteroventral prefrontal cortex (avPFC) during reward acceptance, and an impaired top-down control of the VS by the avPFC during reward rejection. In turn, combination of high adversity and high resilience traits was associated with an improved functional coupling between VTA, VS and HP. Thereby, the present findings identify neural mechanisms mediating interacting effects of adversity and resilience, which could be targeted by early intervention and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Richter
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Germany; Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.
| | - Bernd Krämer
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Germany; Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | - Esther K Diekhof
- Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; Neuroendocrinology Unit, Institute of Zoology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Universität Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Gruber
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Germany; Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
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223
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Heck AL, Handa RJ. Androgens Drive Sex Biases in Hypothalamic Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Gene Expression After Adrenalectomy of Mice. Endocrinology 2019; 160:1757-1770. [PMID: 31074799 PMCID: PMC6594463 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although prominent sex differences exist in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis's response to stressors, few studies of its regulation in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) have compared both male and female subjects. In this study, we sought to explore sex differences in the acute regulation of PVN neuropeptide expression following glucocorticoid (GC) removal and the underlying role of gonadal hormones. We first examined the effects of short-term adrenalectomy (ADX) on PVN Crh and arginine vasopressin (Avp) expression in mice using in situ hybridization. ADX increased PVN AVP mRNA levels in both sexes. In contrast, PVN CRH mRNA was increased by 2 days after ADX in males only. Both sexes showed increases in CRH mRNA after 4 days. To determine if gonadal hormones contributed to this sex bias, we examined adrenalectomized (ADX'd) and gonadectomized (GDX'd) mice with or without gonadal hormone replacement. Unlike the pattern in intact animals, 2 days following ADX/gonadectomy, CRH mRNA levels did not increase in either sex. When males were given DHT propionate, CRH mRNA levels increased in ADX'd/GDX'd males similar to those observed following ADX alone. To determine a potential mechanism, we examined the coexpression of androgen receptor (AR) immunoreactivity and CRH neurons. Abundant colocalization was found in the anteroventral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis but not the PVN. Thus, our findings reveal a sex difference in PVN Crh expression following the removal of GC-negative feedback that may depend on indirect AR actions in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Heck
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Robert J Handa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
- Correspondence: Robert J. Handa, PhD, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 1617 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523. E-mail:
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224
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Marín-Blasco I, Muñoz-Abellán C, Andero R, Nadal R, Armario A. Neuronal Activation After Prolonged Immobilization: Do the Same or Different Neurons Respond to a Novel Stressor? Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:1233-1244. [PMID: 28203747 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research on the impact of emotional stressors on brain function using immediate-early genes (e.g., c-fos), there are still important questions that remain unanswered such as the reason for the progressive decline of c-fos expression in response to prolonged stress and the neuronal populations activated by different stressors. This study tackles these 2 questions by evaluating c-fos expression in response to 2 different emotional stressors applied sequentially, and performing a fluorescent double labeling of c-Fos protein and c-fos mRNA on stress-related brain areas. Results were complemented with the assessment of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation. We showed that the progressive decline of c-fos expression could be related to 2 differing mechanisms involving either transcriptional repression or changes in stimulatory inputs. Moreover, the neuronal populations that respond to the different stressors appear to be predominantly separated in high-level processing areas (e.g., medial prefrontal cortex). However, in low-hierarchy areas (e.g., paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus) neuronal populations appear to respond unspecifically. The data suggest that the distinct physiological and behavioral consequences of emotional stressors, and their implication in the development of psychopathologies, are likely to be closely associated with neuronal populations specifically activated by each stressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Marín-Blasco
- Institut de Neurociències, CIBERSAM and Red de Transtornos Adictivos (RTA), Unitat de Fisiologia Animal (Facultat de Biociéncies), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina Muñoz-Abellán
- Institut de Neurociències, CIBERSAM and Red de Transtornos Adictivos (RTA), Unitat de Fisiologia Animal (Facultat de Biociéncies), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raül Andero
- Institut de Neurociències, CIBERSAM and Red de Transtornos Adictivos (RTA), Unitat de Fisiologia Animal (Facultat de Biociéncies), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA.,Unitat de Psicobiologia (Facultat de Psicologia), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Nadal
- Institut de Neurociències, CIBERSAM and Red de Transtornos Adictivos (RTA), Unitat de Fisiologia Animal (Facultat de Biociéncies), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Unitat de Psicobiologia (Facultat de Psicologia), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Armario
- Institut de Neurociències, CIBERSAM and Red de Transtornos Adictivos (RTA), Unitat de Fisiologia Animal (Facultat de Biociéncies), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Gądek-Michalska A, Tadeusz J, Bugajski A, Bugajski J. Chronic Isolation Stress Affects Subsequent Crowding Stress-Induced Brain Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) Isoforms and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis Responses. Neurotox Res 2019; 36:523-539. [PMID: 31209786 PMCID: PMC6745034 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00067-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The nitric oxide (NO) pathway in the brain is involved in response to psychosocial stressors. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of nNOS and iNOS in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus (HIP), and hypothalamus (HYPO) during social isolation stress (IS), social crowding stress (CS), and a combined IS + CS. In the PFC, 3 days of CS increased iNOS but not nNOS protein level. In the HIP and HYPO, the levels of nNOS and iNOS significantly increased after 3 days of CS. In the PFC, IS alone (11 days) enhanced iNOS protein level following 3 days of CS and increased nNOS level in the HIP and HYPO after 14 days of CS. By contrast, in the HIP, IS abolished the subsequent CS-induced increase in nNOS in the HIP and strongly elevated iNOS level after 7 days of CS. In the HYPO, prior IS inhibited nNOS protein level induced by subsequent CS for 3 days, but increased nNOS protein level after longer exposure times to CS. Isolation stress strongly upregulated plasma interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels while corticosterone (CORT) level declined. We show that the modulatory action of the NO pathway and ACTH/CORT adaptation to chronic social isolation stress is dependent on the brain structure and nature and duration of the stressor. Our results indicate that isolation is a robust natural stressor in social animals; it enhances the NO pathway in the PFC and abolishes subsequent social CS-induced NOS responses in the HIP and HYPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gądek-Michalska
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12 Street, 31-343, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Joanna Tadeusz
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12 Street, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Bugajski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18 Street, 31-121, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jan Bugajski
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12 Street, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
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Peli A, Grandis A, Tassinari M, Famigli Bergamini P, Tagliavia C, Roccaro M, Bombardi C. Environment and Behavior: Neurochemical Effects of Different Diets in the Calf Brain. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E358. [PMID: 31207977 PMCID: PMC6617313 DOI: 10.3390/ani9060358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Calves reared for the production of white veal are subjected to stressful events due to the type of liquid diet they receive. Stress responses are mediated by three main stress-responsive cerebral regions: the prefrontal cortex, the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, and the nucleus of the solitary tract of the brainstem. In the present study, we have investigated the effects of different diets on these brain regions of ruminants using immunohistochemical methods. In this study, 15 calves were used and kept in group housing systems of five calves each. They were fed with three different diets: a control diet, a milk diet, and a weaned diet. Brain sections were immunostained to evaluate the distribution of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein immunoreactivity in the prefrontal cortex; the expression of oxytocin in the paraventricular nucleus; and the presence of c-Fos in the A2 group of the nucleus of the solitary tract. The main results obtained indicate that in weaned diet group the oxytocin activity is lower than in control diet and milk diet groups. In addition, weaning appears to stimulate myelination in the prefrontal cortex. In summary, this study supports the importance of maintaining a nutritional lifestyle similar to that occurring in natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Peli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy.
| | - Annamaria Grandis
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy.
| | - Marco Tassinari
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy.
| | - Paolo Famigli Bergamini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy.
| | - Claudio Tagliavia
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy.
| | - Mariana Roccaro
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy.
| | - Cristiano Bombardi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy.
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227
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Klampfl SM, Bosch OJ. When mothers neglect their offspring: an activated CRF system in the BNST is detrimental for maternal behavior. Arch Womens Ment Health 2019; 22:409-415. [PMID: 30078057 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-018-0897-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Becoming a mother is an intense experience that not only changes a woman's life but is also paralleled by multiple central adaptations. These changes evolve before parturition and continue to persist into lactation, thereby ensuring the full commitment of the mother to care for the newborns. Most of our knowledge on these adaptations that drive the peripartum brain come from rodent animal models. On one side, it is known that maternal behavior is initiated and maternal mood is stabilized by an upregulation of the pro-maternal neuropeptide systems' activity of oxytocin and arginine-vasopressin. On the other side, signaling of the rather anti-maternal corticotropin-releasing factor system triggers maternal neglect and increases maternal anxiety. Here, we discuss how the corticotropin-releasing factor system based in the limbic bed nucleus of the stria terminalis negatively affects maternal behavior and maternal mood. Moreover, we apply microdialysis and acute pharmacological interventions to demonstrate how the corticotropin-releasing factor system potentially interacts with the pro-maternal oxytocin system in the posterior bed nucleus of the stria terminalis to trigger certain aspects of maternal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie M Klampfl
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, Regensburg Center of Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Oliver J Bosch
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, Regensburg Center of Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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Chauveau F, De Job E, Poly-Thomasson B, Cavroy R, Thomasson J, Fromage D, Beracochea D. Procognitive impact of ciproxifan (a histaminergic H 3 receptor antagonist) on contextual memory retrieval after acute stress. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 25:832-841. [PMID: 31094061 PMCID: PMC6630007 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Although cognitive deficits commonly co-occur with stress-related emotional disorders, effect of procognitive drugs such as histaminergic H3 receptor antagonists are scarcely studied on memory retrieval in stress condition. METHODS Experiment 1. Memory of two successive spatial discriminations (D1 then D2) 24 hours after learning was studied in a four-hole board in mice. H3 receptor antagonist ciproxifan (ip 3 mg/kg) and acute stress (three electric footshocks; 0.9 mA; 15 ms) were administered 30 and 15 minutes respectively before memory retrieval test. Fos immunostaining was performed to evaluate the neural activity of several brain areas. Experiment 2. Effects of ciproxifan and acute stress were evaluated on anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze and glucocorticoid activity using plasma corticosterone assay. RESULTS Experiment 1. Ciproxifan increased memory retrieval of D2 in nonstress condition and of D1 in stress one. Ciproxifan mitigated the stress-induced increase of Fos expression in the prelimbic and infralimbic cortex, the central and basolateral amygdala and the CA1 of dorsal hippocampus. Experiment 2. Ciproxifan dampened the stress-induced anxiety-like behavior and plasma corticosterone increase. CONCLUSION Ciproxifan improved contextual memory retrieval both in stress and nonstress conditions without exacerbating behavioral and endocrine responses to stress. Overall, these data suggest potential usefulness of H3 receptor antagonists as cognitive enhancer both in nonstress and stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Chauveau
- IRBA (Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées) BP73, Bretigny-sur-Orge Cedex, France
| | - Elodie De Job
- IRBA (Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées) BP73, Bretigny-sur-Orge Cedex, France
| | - Betty Poly-Thomasson
- IRBA (Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées) BP73, Bretigny-sur-Orge Cedex, France
| | - Raphaël Cavroy
- IRBA (Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées) BP73, Bretigny-sur-Orge Cedex, France
| | - Julien Thomasson
- IRBA (Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées) BP73, Bretigny-sur-Orge Cedex, France
| | - Dominique Fromage
- IRBA (Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées) BP73, Bretigny-sur-Orge Cedex, France
| | - Daniel Beracochea
- INCIA (Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine), UMR CNRS 5287, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
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Rincel M, Olier M, Minni A, Monchaux de Oliveira C, Matime Y, Gaultier E, Grit I, Helbling JC, Costa AM, Lépinay A, Moisan MP, Layé S, Ferrier L, Parnet P, Theodorou V, Darnaudéry M. Pharmacological restoration of gut barrier function in stressed neonates partially reverses long-term alterations associated with maternal separation. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:1583-1596. [PMID: 31147734 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05252-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Intestinal permeability plays an important role in gut-brain axis communication. Recent studies indicate that intestinal permeability increases in neonate pups during maternal separation (MS). OBJECTIVES The present study aims to determine whether pharmacological inhibition of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), which regulates tight junction contraction and controls intestinal permeability, in stressed neonates, protects against the long-term effects of MS. METHODS Male Wistar rats were exposed to MS (3 h per day from post-natal day (PND)2 to PND14) or left undisturbed and received daily intraperitoneal injection of a MLCK inhibitor (ML-7, 5 mg/kg) or vehicle during the same period. At adulthood, emotional behaviors, corticosterone response to stress, and gut microbiota composition were analyzed. RESULTS ML-7 restored gut barrier function in MS rats specifically during the neonatal period. Remarkably, ML-7 prevented MS-induced sexual reward-seeking impairment and reversed the alteration of corticosterone response to stress at adulthood. The effects of ML-7 were accompanied by the normalization of the abundance of members of Lachnospiraceae, Clostridiales, Desulfovibrio, Bacteroidales, Enterorhabdus, and Bifidobacterium in the feces of MS rats at adulthood. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our work suggests that improvement of intestinal barrier defects during development may alleviate some of the long-term effects of early-life stress and provides new insight on brain-gut axis communication in a context of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Rincel
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maïwenn Olier
- Laboratoire Toxalim, UMR 1331, University of Toulouse III (UPS), INP-EI-Purpan, INRA, Toulouse, France
| | - Amandine Minni
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Yann Matime
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Eric Gaultier
- Laboratoire Toxalim, UMR 1331, University of Toulouse III (UPS), INP-EI-Purpan, INRA, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Grit
- UMR 1280, Institut des maladies de l'appareil digestif, PhAN, INRA, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Anna Maria Costa
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Amandine Lépinay
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Moisan
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sophie Layé
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurent Ferrier
- Laboratoire Toxalim, UMR 1331, University of Toulouse III (UPS), INP-EI-Purpan, INRA, Toulouse, France
| | - Patricia Parnet
- UMR 1280, Institut des maladies de l'appareil digestif, PhAN, INRA, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Vassilia Theodorou
- Laboratoire Toxalim, UMR 1331, University of Toulouse III (UPS), INP-EI-Purpan, INRA, Toulouse, France
| | - Muriel Darnaudéry
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, 33076, Bordeaux, France.
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Candemir E, Post A, Dischinger US, Palme R, Slattery DA, O'Leary A, Reif A. Limited effects of early life manipulations on sex-specific gene expression and behavior in adulthood. Behav Brain Res 2019; 369:111927. [PMID: 31034851 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.111927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to childhood adversity is associated with increased vulnerability to stress-related disorders in adulthood which has been replicated in rodent stress models, whereas environmental enrichment has been suggested to have beneficial effects. However, the exact neurobiological mechanisms underlying these environment influences on adult brain and behavior are not well understood. Therefore, we investigated the long-term effects of maternal separation (MS) or environmental enrichment (EE) in male and female CD1 mice. We found clear sex-specific effects, but limited influence of environmental manipulations, on adult behavior, fecal corticosterone metabolite (FCM) levels and stress- and plasticity related gene expression in discrete brain regions. In detail, adult females displayed higher locomotor activity and FCM levels compared to males and EE resulted in attenuation in both measures, but only in females. There were no sex- or postnatal manipulation-dependent differences in anxiety-related behaviors in either sex. Gene expression analyses revealed that adult males showed higher Fkbp5 mRNA levels in hippocampus, hypothalamus and raphe nuclei, and higher hippocampal Nos1 levels. Interestingly, MS elevated Nos1 levels in hippocampus but reduced Fkbp5 expression in hypothalamus of males. Finally, we also found higher Maoa expression in the hypothalamus of adult females, however no differences were observed in the expression levels of Bdnf, Crhr1, Nr3c1 and Htr1a. Our findings further contribute to sex-dependent differences in behavior, corticosterone and gene expression and reveal that the effects of postnatal manipulations on these parameters in outbred CD1 mice are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esin Candemir
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Antonia Post
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Severin Dischinger
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rupert Palme
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - David A Slattery
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Aet O'Leary
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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231
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Pouwels S, Van Genderen ME, Kreeftenberg HG, Ribeiro R, Parmar C, Topal B, Celik A, Ugale S. Utility of the cold pressor test to predict future cardiovascular events. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2019; 17:305-318. [PMID: 30916592 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2019.1598262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The cold pressor test (CPT) is a common and extensively validated test, which induces systemic stress involving immersion of an individual's hand in ice water (normally temperature between 0 and 5 degrees Celsius) for a period of time. CPT has been used in various fields, like examining effects of stress on memory, decision-making, pain and cardiovascular health. Areas covered: In terms of cardiovascular health, current research is mainly interested in predicting the occurrence of cardiovascular (CV) events. The objective of this review is to give an overview of the history and methodology of the CPT, and clinical utility in possibly predicting CV events in CAD and other atherosclerotic diseases. Secondly, we will discuss possible future applications of the CPT in clinical care. Expert opinion: An important issue to address is the fact that the physiology of the CPT is not fully understood at this moment. As pointed out multiple mechanisms might be responsible for contributing to either coronary vasodilatation or coronary vasoconstriction. Regarding the physiological mechanism of the CPT and its effect on the measurements of the carotid artery reactivity even less is known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjaak Pouwels
- a Department of Surgery , Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland , Rotterdam/Schiedam , The Netherlands
| | - Michel E Van Genderen
- b Department of Internal Medicine , Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland , Rotterdam/Schiedam , The Netherlands
| | - Herman G Kreeftenberg
- c Department of Internal Medicine , Catharina Hospital , Eindhoven , The Netherlands.,d Department of Intensive Care Medicine , Catharina Hospital , Eindhoven , The Netherlands
| | - Rui Ribeiro
- e Metabolic Patient Multidisciplinary Centre , Clínica de Santo António , Lisbon , Portugal
| | - Chetan Parmar
- f Department of Surgery , Whittington Hospital , London , UK
| | - Besir Topal
- g Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery , OLVG , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Alper Celik
- h Department of metabolic surgery , Metabolic Surgery Clinic , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Surendra Ugale
- i Department of Surgery , Virinchi Hospitals , Hyderbad , India
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Hundertmark J, Alvarez S, Loukanova S, Schultz JH. Stress and stressors of medical student near-peer tutors during courses: a psychophysiological mixed methods study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2019; 19:95. [PMID: 30940106 PMCID: PMC6444608 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-019-1521-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Structured peer-led tutorial courses are widespread and indispensable teaching methods that relieve teaching staff and contribute to the development of students' competencies. Nevertheless, despite high general stress levels in medical students and associated increases in psychopathology, specific knowledge of peer tutors' additional burdens is very limited. METHODS Sixty student near-peer tutors from two structured peer-teaching programmes volunteered to participate. On multiple occasions in three different course sessions, we assessed tutors' subjective stress, affective state, heart rate variability, and salivary cortisol. Additionally, tutors named everyday and course-specific stressors, which were evaluated by means of content analyses. RESULTS The study participation rate was high (63% of all active tutors). The participating tutors are socially well adapted and resilient individuals. They report a variety of stressors such as time pressure, participant characteristics, teacher role demands, and study requirements, but nevertheless display only moderate psychological and physiological stress that decreases over sessions. Tutors' negative affect in sessions is low; their positive affect is consistently high for senior as well as novice tutors. Tutors rate their courses' quality as high and quickly recover after sessions. CONCLUSIONS Tutors successfully cope with teaching-associated and everyday life demands. The results corroborate the viability and success of current peer-teaching programmes from the tutors' perspective. This study is the first to comprehensively quantify tutors' stress and describe frequent stressors, thus contributing to the development of better peer teaching programmes and tutor qualification training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hundertmark
- Clinic for General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simone Alvarez
- Clinic for General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Svetla Loukanova
- Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130.3, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jobst-Hendrik Schultz
- Clinic for General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Leicht-Deobald U, Bruch H, Bönke L, Stevense A, Fan Y, Bajbouj M, Grimm S. Work-related social support modulates effects of early life stress on limbic reactivity during stress. Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 12:1405-1418. [PMID: 29247293 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-017-9810-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS) affects stress- reactivity via limbic brain regions implicated such as hippocampus and amygdala. Social support is a major protective factor against ELS effects, while subjects with ELS experience reportedly perceive less of it in their daily life. The workplace, where most adults spend a substantial amount of time in their daily lives, might serve as a major resource for social support. Since previous data demonstrated that social support attenuates stress reactivity, we here used a psychosocial stress task to test the hypothesis that work-related social support modulates the effects of ELS. Results show decreased amygdala reactivity during stress in ELS subjects who report high levels of work- related social support, thereby indicating a signature for reduced stress reactivity. However, this effect was only observable on the neural, but not on the behavioral level, since social support had no buffering effect regarding the subjective experience of stress in daily life as well as regarding feelings of uncontrollability induced by the stress task. Accordingly, our data suggest that subjects with ELS experiences might benefit from interventions targeted at lowering their subjective stress levels by helping them to better perceive the availability of social support in their daily lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Leicht-Deobald
- Institute for Buisness Ethics, University of St. Gallen, Dufourstrasse 40a, CH, 9000, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Heike Bruch
- Institute for Leadership and HR Management, University of St. Gallen, Dufourstrasse 40a, CH, 9000, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Luisa Bönke
- Department of Psychiatry, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany
| | - Amie Stevense
- Department of Psychiatry, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yan Fan
- Department of Psychiatry, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany
| | - Malek Bajbouj
- Department of Psychiatry, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone Grimm
- Department of Psychiatry, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany. .,Clinic for Affective Disorders and General Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Medical School Berlin, Calandrellistraße 1-9, 12247, Berlin, Germany.
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Woelfer M, Kasties V, Kahlfuss S, Walter M. The Role of Depressive Subtypes within the Neuroinflammation Hypothesis of Major Depressive Disorder. Neuroscience 2019; 403:93-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Synaptic adaptations in the central amygdala and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus associated with protracted ethanol abstinence in male rhesus monkeys. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:982-993. [PMID: 30555160 PMCID: PMC6461779 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0290-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder is a significant global burden. Stress has been identified as an etiological factor in the initiation and continuation of ethanol consumption. Understanding adaptations within stress circuitry is an important step toward novel treatment strategies. The effects of protracted abstinence following long-term ethanol self-administration on the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) and the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) were evaluated in male rhesus monkeys. Using whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology, inhibitory GABAergic transmission in the CeA and excitatory glutamatergic transmission in the PVN were measured. CeA neurons from abstinent drinkers displayed an elevated baseline spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic current (sIPSC) frequency compared with controls, indicating increased presynaptic GABA release. Application of acute ethanol significantly increased the frequency of sIPSCs in controls, but not in abstinent drinkers, suggesting a tolerance to ethanol-enhanced GABA release in abstinent rhesus monkeys with a history of chronic ethanol self-administration and repeated abstinence. In the PVN, the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSC) was elevated in abstinent drinkers compared with controls, indicating increased presynaptic glutamate release. Notably, acute ethanol decreased presynaptic glutamate release onto parvocellular PVN neurons in both controls and abstinent drinkers, suggesting a lack of tolerance to acute ethanol among PVN neurons. These results are the first to demonstrate distinct synaptic adaptations and ethanol sensitivity in both the extrahypothalamic and hypothalamic stress circuits in abstinent rhesus males. Importantly, our findings describe adaptations in stress circuitry present in the brain at a state during abstinence, just prior to relapse to ethanol drinking.
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Paul F, Alpers GW, Reinhard I, Schredl M. Nightmares do result in psychophysiological arousal: A multimeasure ambulatory assessment study. Psychophysiology 2019; 56:e13366. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Franc Paul
- Central Institute of Mental Health Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
- Department of Psychology, Clinical and Biological Psychology and Psychotherapy, School of Social Sciences University of Mannheim Mannheim Germany
| | - Georg W. Alpers
- Department of Psychology, Clinical and Biological Psychology and Psychotherapy, School of Social Sciences University of Mannheim Mannheim Germany
| | - Iris Reinhard
- Central Institute of Mental Health Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Michael Schredl
- Central Institute of Mental Health Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
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Chaves RDC, Mallmann ASV, Oliveira NF, Oliveira ICM, Capibaribe VCC, da Silva DMA, Lopes IS, Valentim JT, de Carvalho AMR, Macêdo DS, Vasconcelos SMM, Gutierrez SJC, Barbosa Filho JM, de Sousa FCF. Reversal effect of Riparin IV in depression and anxiety caused by corticosterone chronic administration in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2019; 180:44-51. [PMID: 30904544 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mental disorders have a multifactorial etiology and stress presents as one of the causal factors. In depression, it is suggested that high cortisol concentration contributes directly to the pathology of this disease. Based on that, the study aims to evaluate the potential antidepressant effect of Riparin IV (Rip IV) in mice submitted to chronic stress model by repeated corticosterone administration. Female Swiss mice were selected into four groups: control (Ctrl), corticosterone (Cort), Riparin IV (Cort + Rip IV) and fluvoxamine (Cort + Flu). Three groups were administrated subcutaneously (SC) with corticosterone (20 mg/kg) during twenty-one days, while the control group received only vehicle. After the fourteenth day, groups were administrated tested drugs: Riparin IV, fluvoxamine or distilled water, by gavage, 1 h after subcutaneous injections. After the final treatment, animals were exposed to behavioral models such as forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), open field test (OFT), elevated plus maze (EPM) and sucrose preference test (SPT). The hippocampus was also removed for the determination of BDNF levels. Corticosterone treatment altered all parameters in behavioral tests, leading to a depressive- and anxious-like behavior. Riparin IV and fluvoxamine exhibit antidepressant effect in FST, TST and SPT. In EPM and OFT, treatment displayed anxiolytic effect without alteration of locomotor activity. Corticosterone administration decreased BDNF levels and Riparin IV could reestablish them, indicating that its antidepressant effect may be related to ability to ameliorate hippocampal neurogenesis. These findings suggest that Riparin IV improves the depressive and anxious symptoms after chronic stress and could be a new alternative treatment for patients with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquell de Castro Chaves
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Auriana Serra Vasconcelos Mallmann
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Natália Ferreira Oliveira
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Iris Cristina Maia Oliveira
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Victor Celso Cavalcanti Capibaribe
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Daniel Moreira Alves da Silva
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Iardja Stéfane Lopes
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José Tiago Valentim
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Alyne Mara Rodrigues de Carvalho
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Danielle Silveira Macêdo
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Silvânia Maria Mendes Vasconcelos
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Stanley Juan Chaves Gutierrez
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - José Maria Barbosa Filho
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics Technology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Francisca Cléa Florenço de Sousa
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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Naganuma F, Kroeger D, Bandaru SS, Absi G, Madara JC, Vetrivelan R. Lateral hypothalamic neurotensin neurons promote arousal and hyperthermia. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000172. [PMID: 30893297 PMCID: PMC6426208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep and wakefulness are greatly influenced by various physiological and psychological factors, but the neuronal elements responsible for organizing sleep-wake behavior in response to these factors are largely unknown. In this study, we report that a subset of neurons in the lateral hypothalamic area (LH) expressing the neuropeptide neurotensin (Nts) is critical for orchestrating sleep-wake responses to acute psychological and physiological challenges or stressors. We show that selective activation of NtsLH neurons with chemogenetic or optogenetic methods elicits rapid transitions from non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep to wakefulness and produces sustained arousal, higher locomotor activity (LMA), and hyperthermia, which are commonly observed after acute stress exposure. On the other hand, selective chemogenetic inhibition of NtsLH neurons attenuates the arousal, LMA, and body temperature (Tb) responses to a psychological stress (a novel environment) and augments the responses to a physiological stress (fasting). A neurotensin-producing subset of neurons in the lateral hypothalamus promote arousal and thermogenesis; these neurons are necessary for appropriate sleep-wake and body temperature responses to various stressors. Adjusting sleep-wake behavior in response to environmental and physiological challenges may not only be of protective value, but can also be vital for the survival of the organism. For example, while it is crucial to increase wake to explore a novel environment to search for potential threats and food sources, it is also necessary to decrease wake and reduce energy expenditure during prolonged absence of food. In this study, we report that a subset of neurons in the lateral hypothalamic area (LH) expressing the neuropeptide neurotensin (Nts) is critical for orchestrating sleep-wake responses to such challenges. We show that brief activation of NtsLH neurons in mice evokes immediate arousals from sleep, while their sustained activation increases wake, locomotor activity, and body temperature for several hours. In contrast, when NtsLH neurons are inhibited, mice are neither able to sustain wake in a novel environment nor able to reduce wake during food deprivation. These data suggest that NtsLH neurons may be necessary for generating appropriate sleep-wake responses to a wide variety of environmental and physiological challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumito Naganuma
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Daniel Kroeger
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sathyajit S. Bandaru
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gianna Absi
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joseph C. Madara
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ramalingam Vetrivelan
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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239
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Sarlus H, Fontana JM, Tserga E, Meltser I, Cederroth CR, Canlon B. Circadian integration of inflammation and glucocorticoid actions: Implications for the cochlea. Hear Res 2019; 377:53-60. [PMID: 30908966 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Auditory function has been shown to be influenced by the circadian system. Increasing evidence point towards the regulation of inflammation and glucocorticoid actions by circadian rhythms in the cochlea. Yet, how these three systems (circadian, immune and endocrine) converge to control auditory function remains to be established. Here we review the knowledge on immune and glucocorticoid actions, and how they interact with the circadian and the auditory system, with a particular emphasis on cochlear responses to noise trauma. We propose a multimodal approach to understand the mechanisms of noise-induced hearing loss by integrating the circadian, immune and endocrine systems into the bearings of the cochlea. Considering the well-established positive impact of chronotherapeutic approaches in the treatment of cardiovascular, asthma and cancer, an increased knowledge on the mechanisms where circadian, immune and glucocorticoids meet in the cochlea may improve current treatments against hearing disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heela Sarlus
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden.
| | - Jacopo Maria Fontana
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Evangelia Tserga
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Inna Meltser
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | | | - Barbara Canlon
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
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240
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Maguire J. Neuroactive Steroids and GABAergic Involvement in the Neuroendocrine Dysfunction Associated With Major Depressive Disorder and Postpartum Depression. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:83. [PMID: 30906252 PMCID: PMC6418819 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress and previous adverse life events are well-established risk factors for depression. Further, neuroendocrine disruptions are associated with both major depressive disorder (MDD) and postpartum depression (PPD). However, the mechanisms whereby stress contributes to the underlying neurobiology of depression remains poorly understood. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which mediates the body's neuroendocrine response to stress, is tightly controlled by GABAergic signaling and there is accumulating evidence that GABAergic dysfunction contributes to the impact of stress on depression. GABAergic signaling plays a critical role in the neurobiological effects of stress, not only by tightly controlling the activity of the HPA axis, but also mediating stress effects in stress-related brain regions. Deficits in neuroactive steroids and neurosteroids, some of which are positive allosteric modulators of GABAA receptors (GABAARs), such as allopregnanolone and THDOC, have also been implicated in MDD and PPD, further supporting a role for GABAergic signaling in depression. Alterations in neurosteroid levels and GABAergic signaling are implicated as potential contributing factors to neuroendocrine dysfunction and vulnerability to MDD and PPD. Further, potential novel treatment strategies targeting these proposed underlying neurobiological mechanisms are discussed. The evidence summarized in the current review supports the notion that MDD and PPD are stress-related psychiatric disorders involving neurosteroids and GABAergic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Maguire
- Neuroscience Department, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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241
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de Kloet ER, de Kloet SF, de Kloet CS, de Kloet AD. Top-down and bottom-up control of stress-coping. J Neuroendocrinol 2019; 31:e12675. [PMID: 30578574 PMCID: PMC6519262 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this 30th anniversary issue review, we focus on the glucocorticoid modulation of limbic-prefrontocortical circuitry during stress-coping. This action of the stress hormone is mediated by mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) and glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) that are co-expressed abundantly in these higher brain regions. Via both receptor types, the glucocorticoids demonstrate, in various contexts, rapid nongenomic and slower genomic actions that coordinate consecutive stages of information processing. MR-mediated action optimises stress-coping, whereas, in a complementary fashion, the memory storage of the selected coping strategy is promoted via GR. We highlight the involvement of adipose tissue in the allocation of energy resources to central regulation of stress reactions, point to still poorly understood neuronal ensembles in the prefrontal cortex that underlie cognitive flexibility critical for effective coping, and evaluate the role of cortisol as a pleiotropic regulator in vulnerability to, and treatment of, trauma-related psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edo R. de Kloet
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Sybren F. de Kloet
- Department of Integrative NeurophysiologyCenter for Neurogenomics and Cognitive ResearchVU‐University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Annette D. de Kloet
- Department of Physiology and Functional GenomicsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida
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242
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Mocayar Marón FJ, Ferder L, Saraví FD, Manucha W. Hypertension linked to allostatic load: from psychosocial stress to inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Stress 2019; 22:169-181. [PMID: 30547701 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2018.1542683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Although a large number of available treatments and strategies, the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases continues to grow worldwide. Emerging evidence supports the notion of counteracting stress as a critical component of a comprehensive therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular disease. Indeed, an unhealthy lifestyle is a burden to biological variables such as plasma glucose, lipid profile, and blood pressure control. Recent findings identify allostatic load as a new paradigm for an integrated understanding of the importance of psychosocial stress and its impact on the development and maintenance of cardiovascular disease. Allostasis complement homeostasis and integrates behavioral and physiological mechanisms by which genes, early experiences, environment, lifestyle, diet, sleep, and physical exercise can modulate and adapt biological responses at the cellular level. For example, variability is a physiological characteristic of blood pressure necessary for survival and the allostatic load in hypertension can contribute to its related cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the current review will focus on the mechanisms that link hypertension to allostatic load, which includes psychosocial stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. We will describe and discuss new insights on neuroendocrine-immune effects linked to allostatic load and its impact on the cellular and molecular responses; the links between allostatic load, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction; the epidemiological evidence supporting the pathophysiological origins of hypertension; and the biological embedding of allostatic load and hypertension with an emphasis on mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feres José Mocayar Marón
- a Área de Química Biológica, Departamento de Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas , Universidad Nacional de Cuyo , Mendoza , Argentina
| | - León Ferder
- b Department of Pediatrics , Nephrology Division, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami , FL , USA
| | - Fernando Daniel Saraví
- c Instituto de Fisiología, Departamento de Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas , Universidad Nacional de Cuyo , Mendoza , Argentina
| | - Walter Manucha
- d Área de Farmacología, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas , Universidad Nacional de Cuyo , Mendoza , Argentina
- e Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET) , Mendoza , Argentina
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243
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Cai H, Xu X, Zhang Y, Cong X, Lu X, Huo X. Elevated lead levels from e-waste exposure are linked to sensory integration difficulties in preschool children. Neurotoxicology 2019; 71:150-158. [PMID: 30664973 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to lead is associated with adverse effects on neurodevelopment. However, studies of the effects of lead on sensory integration are few. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of lead exposure on child sensory integration by correlating the blood lead levels of children with sensory processing measures. A total of 574 children, from 3 to 6 years of age, 358 from an electronic waste (e-waste) recycling town named Guiyu, and 216 from Haojiang, a nearby town with no e-waste recycling activity, were recruited in this study. The median blood lead level in Guiyu children was 4.88 μg/dL, higher than the 3.47 μg/dL blood lead level in Haojiang children (P < 0.001). 47.2% of Guiyu children had blood lead levels exceeding 5 μg/dL. The median concentration of serum cortisol, an HPA-axis biomarker, in Guiyu children was significantly lower than in Haojiang, and was negatively correlated with blood lead levels. All subscale scores and the total score of the Sensory Processing Measure (Hong Kong Chinese version, SPM-HKC) in Guiyu children were higher than Haojiang children, indicating greater difficulties, especially for touch, body awareness, balance and motion, and total sensory systems. Sensory processing scores were positively correlated with blood lead, except for touch, which was negatively correlated with serum cortisol levels. Simultaneously, all subscale scores and the total SPM-HKC scores for children with high blood lead levels (blood lead > 5 μg/dL) were higher than those in the low blood lead level group (blood lead < 5 μg/dL), especially for hearing, touch, body awareness, balance and motion, and total sensory systems. Our findings suggest that lead exposure in e-waste recycling areas may result in a decrease in serum cortisol levels and an increase in child sensory integration difficulties. Cortisol may be involved in touch-related sensory integration difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxing Cai
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xijin Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Xiaowei Cong
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueling Lu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Xia Huo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, 855 East Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 511486, Guangdong, China.
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244
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Mitra R. Neuronal Plasticity in the Amygdala Following Predator Stress Exposure. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:25. [PMID: 30842731 PMCID: PMC6391327 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Predation causes robust long-term stress-related effects on prey individuals even if they do not get consumed by the predator. Here I review the role of basolateral amygdala (BLA) neurons in the mediation of non-consumptive effects of predation. This brain region is critical for the generation and maintenance of fear response across many phylogenetic groups. The exposure to cues of predator presence activates neurons within the BLA. Hormones secreted during stressful episodes cause long-lasting structural changes in BLA neurons, causing facilitation of endocrine response during subsequent exposure to stressful episodes like later predator exposure. Some studies also suggest that BLA is involved in creating anticipatory defensive behavior in response to the expectation of change in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupshi Mitra
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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245
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Abstract
Suicide is the second leading cause of death worldwide for adolescents. Despite decades of research on correlates and risk factors for adolescent suicide, we know little about why suicidal ideation and behavior frequently emerge in adolescence and how to predict, and ultimately prevent, suicidal behavior among youths. In this review, we first discuss knowledge regarding correlates, risk factors, and theories of suicide. We then review why adolescence is a period of unique vulnerability, given changing biology and social network reorganization. Next, we present a conceptual model through which to interpret emerging findings in adolescent suicide research. We suggest that a promising area for future research is to examine adolescent suicide as a failure of biological responses to acute stress in the proximal moments of a suicidal crisis. After reviewing initial evidence for this conceptualization, we review future directions for studies on adolescent suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bryant Miller
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA; ,
| | - Mitchell J Prinstein
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA; ,
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246
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Differences in pituitary-adrenal reactivity in Black and White men with and without alcohol use disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 100:180-189. [PMID: 30347319 PMCID: PMC6333532 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment-seeking men with alcohol use disorder (AUD) classically exhibit a blunted hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response to pharmacologic and behavioral provocations during the early phases of abstinence from alcohol. Independent of alcohol, a significant muting of HPA axis reactivity is also observed among racial minority (e.g. Black) individuals. The effect of AUD upon the altered HPA axis response of racial minority individuals has not been explored. The current work represents a secondary analysis of race and AUD status among a sample of men. METHODS Healthy male controls (17 White, 7 Black) and four-to six-week abstinent men with AUD (49 White, 13 Black) were administered a psychosocial stressor and two pharmacologic probes [ovine corticotropin releasing hormone (oCRH) and cosyntropin] to assess HPA axis reactivity. Plasma cortisol and adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) were assessed at 10-20 min intervals prior to and following behavioral and pharmacological stimulation. Basal and net-integrated responses following provocations were analyzed to identify potential group differences. A measure of childhood adversity was also obtained to consider the implications of prior stressors upon HPA axis function. RESULTS A three-fold increase in oCRH-induced ACTH was seen in Black men relative to White men regardless of AUD status. Adversity exerted a dampening effect on this pituitary sensitivity within Black controls only. Adjusted for adversity, a significant blunting effect of AUD status on ACTH reactivity was identified within White participants following oCRH. No group differences were present following cosyntropin administration. In response to the psychosocial stressor, White, but not Black, men with AUD experienced the expected blunting of cortisol reactivity relative to White controls. Rather, Black men with AUD exhibited greater cortisol reactivity relative to White men with AUD. CONCLUSIONS Differences in HPA axis reactivity associated with race were present in men with and without AUD. Explanatory biological mechanisms of the relationship between alcohol use and/or stress, in both healthy and unhealthy populations, may require a reassessment in different racial populations.
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247
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Eyck HJ, Buchanan KL, Crino OL, Jessop TS. Effects of developmental stress on animal phenotype and performance: a quantitative review. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:1143-1160. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harrison J.F. Eyck
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, 75 Pigdons rd; Geelong VIC 3216 Australia
| | - Katherine L. Buchanan
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, 75 Pigdons rd; Geelong VIC 3216 Australia
| | - Ondi L. Crino
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, 75 Pigdons rd; Geelong VIC 3216 Australia
| | - Tim S. Jessop
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, 75 Pigdons rd; Geelong VIC 3216 Australia
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248
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Jia X, Hu Y, Yang X, Liu T, Huang Y, Wei P, Hao Y, Wang L. Stress affects the oscillation of blood glucose levels in rodents. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2018.1558734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianglian Jia
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI) for Collaboration Research of SIAT at CAS and the McGovern Institute at MIT, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yueyan Hu
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI) for Collaboration Research of SIAT at CAS and the McGovern Institute at MIT, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Yang
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI) for Collaboration Research of SIAT at CAS and the McGovern Institute at MIT, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Taian Liu
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI) for Collaboration Research of SIAT at CAS and the McGovern Institute at MIT, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI) for Collaboration Research of SIAT at CAS and the McGovern Institute at MIT, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pengfei Wei
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI) for Collaboration Research of SIAT at CAS and the McGovern Institute at MIT, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongmei Hao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI) for Collaboration Research of SIAT at CAS and the McGovern Institute at MIT, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Miller AB, Eisenlohr-Moul TA. Biological responses to acute stress and suicide: A review and opportunities for methodological innovation. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2019; 6:141-150. [PMID: 33224711 DOI: 10.1007/s40473-019-00185-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review While rates of other medical illnesses have declined over the past several decades, rates of suicide have increased, particularly among adolescents. Prior research on biological underpinnings of suicide risk has remained limited. In this review, we describe a recent model conceptualizing suicide as a failure of biological responses to acute stress. According to this model, youth who fail to mount an adaptive stress response following exposure to a stressor are at acute risk for suicide. Recent Findings Although much more research is needed, early evidence suggests that abnormal biological responses to acute stress, such as altered autonomic nervous system activity and altered hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function, may underlie risk for suicide, particularly during the transition to adolescence. Summary Overall, initial evidence supports a link between biological responses to acute stress and suicide risk. However, future work that incorporates makers of other biological and environmental systems will sharpen our understanding of who is at suicide risk and when this risk is highest.
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Choi EK, Won YH, Kim SY, Noh SO, Park SH, Jung SJ, Lee CK, Hwang BY, Lee MK, Ha KC, Baek HI, Kim HM, Ko MH, Chae SW. Supplementation with extract of Gynostemma pentaphyllum leaves reduces anxiety in healthy subjects with chronic psychological stress: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 52:198-205. [PMID: 30599899 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ethanol extract of Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino leaves (EGP) has been reported recently to have anxiolytic effects on chronically stressed mice models. PURPOSE We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of EGP on anxiety level in healthy Korean subjects under chronic stressful conditions. STUDY DESIGN Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. METHODS This study was conducted with 72 healthy adults who had perceived chronic stress and anxiety with a score on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) from 40 to 60. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either EGP (200 mg, twice a day, N = 36) or placebo (N = 36). All participants were exposed to repetitive loads of stress by performing the serial subtraction task for 5 min every second day during the 8-week intervention. Primary outcome of Trait-STAI and secondary outcomes of State-STAI, total score of STAI, Hamilton Anxiety Inventory (HAM-A), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), blood norepinephrine and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase, cardiovascular autonomic nervous system (ANS) functional test, and heart rate variability (HRV) test were measured before and after intervention. RESULTS After the 8-week intervention, the EGP significantly lowered the score of the Trait Anxiety Scale of the STAI (T-STAI) by 16.8% compared to the placebo (p = 0.041). The total score on the STAI decreased by 17.8% in the EGP group and tended to improve compared with that of the placebo group (p = 0.067). There were no significant differences in the changes in score of S-STAI, HAM-A, BAI, and other parameters from baseline between the two groups. There was no causal relationship between the ingestion of EGP and adverse drug reactions. CONCLUSION We found that supplementation with EGP reduced "anxiety proneness" in subjects under chronic psychological stress, as shown by a decrease in the score of T-STAI and the tendency for decrease in the total score of STAI. This result suggests that EGP supplementation can be used as a regimen to safely reduce stress and anxiety; however, more studies are needed to establish the long-term safety and effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyung Choi
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Hui Won
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Young Kim
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Ok Noh
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Park
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Jung
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Kil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, 194-21, Osongsaemyung 1-ro, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Bang Yeon Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, 194-21, Osongsaemyung 1-ro, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Koo Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, 194-21, Osongsaemyung 1-ro, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Chan Ha
- Healthcare Claims & Management Incorporation, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang-Im Baek
- Healthcare Claims & Management Incorporation, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Mi Kim
- Healthcare Claims & Management Incorporation, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Hwan Ko
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soo-Wan Chae
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
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