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Hu S, Huang L, Meng L, Sun H, Zhang W, Xu Y. Isorhamnetin inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in breast cancer via Akt and mitogen‑activated protein kinase kinase signaling pathways. Mol Med Rep 2016; 12:6745-51. [PMID: 26502751 PMCID: PMC4626180 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cause of female cancer-associated mortality. Although treatment options, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery have led to a decline in the mortality rates associated with breast cancer, drug resistance remains one of the predominant causes for poor prognosis and high recurrence rates. The present study investigated the potential effects of the natural product, isorhamnetin on breast cancer, and examined the effects of isorhamnetin on the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/MAPK kinase (MEK) signaling cascades, which are two important signaling pathways for endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer. The results of the present study indicate that isorhamnetin inhibits cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis. In addition, isorhamnetin was observed to inhibit the Akt/mTOR and the MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation cascades. The inhibition of these two signaling pathways was attenuated by the two Akt and MEK1 inhibitors, but not by the nuclear factor-κB inhibitor. Furthermore, epidermal growth factor inhibited the effects of isorhamnetin via activation of the Akt and MEK signaling pathways. These results indicate that isorhamnetin exhibits antitumor effects in breast cancer, which are mediated by the Akt and MEK signaling pathways.
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202
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Precupas A, Sandu R, Popa VT. Quercetin Influence on Thermal Denaturation of Bovine Serum Albumin. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:9362-75. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b06214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurica Precupas
- “Ilie Murgulescu”
Institute of Physical Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei
202, Bucharest, 060021, Romania
| | - Romica Sandu
- “Ilie Murgulescu”
Institute of Physical Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei
202, Bucharest, 060021, Romania
| | - Vlad T. Popa
- “Ilie Murgulescu”
Institute of Physical Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei
202, Bucharest, 060021, Romania
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203
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Saik AYH, Lim YY, Stanslas J, Choo WS. Lipase-catalyzed acylation of quercetin with cinnamic acid. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2016.1212844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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204
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Sahu N, Soni D, Chandrashekhar B, Satpute DB, Saravanadevi S, Sarangi BK, Pandey RA. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using flavonoids: hesperidin, naringin and diosmin, and their antibacterial effects and cytotoxicity. INTERNATIONAL NANO LETTERS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40089-016-0184-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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205
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Bawazeer NA, Choudhry H, Zamzami MA, Abdulaal WH, Middleton B, Moselhy SS. Role of hesperetin in LDL-receptor expression in hepatoma HepG2 cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:182. [PMID: 27349523 PMCID: PMC4924268 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1165-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High plasma concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) plays a significant role in the incidence of atherosclerosis and coronary heart diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism by which the citrus flavonoid, hesperetin, regulates the LDL receptor (LDLr) gene in the human liver using the human hepatoma cell line, HepG2. METHODS Luciferase reporter gene assays were performed (in the absence of lipoprotein) to measure the activity of the LDLr promoter and the promoters of the sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) transcription factors that control the LDLr promoter. RESULTS Only SREBP-1 promoter activity was significantly increased 4 h after exposure to 200 μM hesperetin. However, after 24 h incubation with 200 μM hesperetin, the activities of all the promoter-constructs, SREBP-1a, -1c, -2 and LDLr, were significantly increased. The effects of 200 μM hesperetin on elevating LDLr mRNA levels were possibly due to regulation of LDLr gene transcription by SREBP-la and SREBP-2. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that 200 μM hesperetin was likely to have stimulated LDLr gene expression in human hepatoma HepG2 cells via increased phosphorylation of PI3K andERK1/2, which increased SREBP-1a and SREBP-2 mRNA levels and enhanced the maturation of the encoded proteins. This may lead to lower plasma LDL cholesterol; therefore, diets supplemented with hesperidin might provide cardio-protective effects and reduce mortality and morbidity from coronary heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora A Bawazeer
- Department of Home Economics, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Cancer and mutagensis unit, Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Fahd Center for medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazin A Zamzami
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer and mutagensis Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, KingAbdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wesam H Abdulaal
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer and mutagensis Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, KingAbdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bruce Middleton
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, Nottingham University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Said S Moselhy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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206
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Ferreira EDO, Fernandes MYSD, Lima NMRD, Neves KRT, Carmo MRSD, Lima FAV, Fonteles AA, Menezes APF, Andrade GMD. Neuroinflammatory response to experimental stroke is inhibited by eriodictyol. Behav Brain Res 2016; 312:321-32. [PMID: 27353856 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral ischemia is a common disease and one of the most common causes of death and disability worldwide. The lack of glucose and oxygen in neuronal tissue leads to a series of inflammatory events, culminating in neuronal death. Eriodictyol is a flavonoid isolated from the Chinese herb Dracocephalum rupestre that has been proven to have anti-inflammatory properties. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE Thus, the present study was designed to explore whether eriodictyol has neuroprotective effects against the neuronal damage, motor and memory deficits induced by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) in mice. STUDY DESIGN Animals were orally treated with eriodictyol (1, 2 and 4mg/kg) or vehicle (saline) 30min before pMCAO, 2h after, and then once daily for the following five days. METHODS The parameters studied were neuronal viability, brain infarcted area; sensorimotor deficits; exploratory activity; working and aversive memory; myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity; TNFα, iNOS and GFAP immunoreactivity. RESULTS The treatment with eriodictyol prevented neuronal death, reduced infarct area and improved neurological and memory deficits induced by brain ischemia. The increase of MPO activity and TNF-α, iNOS and GFAP expression were also reduced by eriodictyol treatment. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that eriodictyol exhibit promising neuroprotection effects against the permanent focal ischemia cerebral injury in the mice experimental model and the underlying mechanisms might be mediated through inhibition of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerson de Oliveira Ferreira
- Post-Graduate Programme in Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Mara Yone Soares Dias Fernandes
- Post-Graduate Programme in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Neila Maria Rocha de Lima
- Post-Graduate Programme in Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Kelly Rose Tavares Neves
- Post-Graduate Programme in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Marta Regina Santos do Carmo
- Post-Graduate Programme in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Francisco Arnaldo Viana Lima
- Post-Graduate Programme in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Analu Aragão Fonteles
- Post-Graduate Programme in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Fontenele Menezes
- Post-Graduate Programme in Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Geanne Matos de Andrade
- Post-Graduate Programme in Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil; Post-Graduate Programme in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil; Institute of Biomedicine of Brazilian Semi-arid, Brazil.
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207
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A Citrus bergamia Extract Decreases Adipogenesis and Increases Lipolysis by Modulating PPAR Levels in Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Adipose Tissue. PPAR Res 2016; 2016:4563815. [PMID: 27403151 PMCID: PMC4926019 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4563815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to assess the impact of a well-characterized extract from Citrus bergamia juice on adipogenesis and/or lipolysis using mesenchymal stem cells from human adipose tissue as a cell model. To evaluate the effects on adipogenesis, some cell cultures were treated with adipogenic medium plus 10 or 100 μg/mL of extract. To determine the properties on lipolysis, additional mesenchymal stem cells were cultured with adipogenic medium for 14 days and after this time added with Citrus bergamia for further 14 days. To verify adipogenic differentiation, oil red O staining at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days was performed. Moreover, the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), adipocytes fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP), adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), monoglyceride lipase (MGL), 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)α1/2, and pAMPKα1/2 was evaluated by Western blot analysis and the release of glycerol by colorimetric assay. Citrus bergamia extract suppressed the accumulation of intracellular lipids in mesenchymal stem cells during adipogenic differentiation and promoted lipolysis by repressing the expression of adipogenic genes and activating lipolytic genes. Citrus bergamia extract could be a useful natural product for improving adipose mobilization in obesity-related disorders.
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208
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Gogula T, Yerrabelly JR. Synthesis of Diverse Oxa-Carbocycle-Annulated Flavones Using the CombinedClaisenRearrangement and Ring-Closing Metathesis. Helv Chim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201600028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thirupathi Gogula
- Department of Chemistry; Osmania University; Hyderabad Telangana 500007 India
| | - Jayaprakash Rao Yerrabelly
- Department of Chemistry; Osmania University; Hyderabad Telangana 500007 India
- Department of Chemistry; Telangana University; Nizamabad 503322 India
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209
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Asthana J, Mishra BN, Pandey R. Acacetin promotes healthy aging by altering stress response in Caenorhabditis elegans. Free Radic Res 2016; 50:861-74. [PMID: 27150237 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2016.1187268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The progression in lifespan has been associated with elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress level which contributes to development of age related disorders. The discovery of lifespan modulating phytomolecules may promote development of natural therapies against age related afflictions. Acacetin (5,7-dihydroxy-4-methoxyflavone), is a naturally occurring flavonoid known to possess therapeutic properties. To this end, the present study evaluates effect of acacetin (AC) on lifespan, stress and neurotoxicity for the first time by using well-established free living, multicellular Caenorhabditis elegans model system. The 25 μM dose of AC significantly prolonged the mean lifespan of worms by 27.31% in comparison to untreated control and other tested doses of AC. Additionally, AC enhanced stress resistance against oxidative and thermal stress in worms. Furthermore, AC attenuated age related intracellular ROS level, aggregation of age pigment lipofuscin and increased the mean survival in stress hypersensitive mev-1 mutant by 40.5%. AC supplementation also reduced the alpha synuclein aggregation in transgenic worm model of Parkinson's disease. The enhanced stress resistance, lifespan and alleviation of age related pathology can be attributed to increment in stress modulatory enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) level. Altogether the results suggest AC exposure maintains stress level, health span and extends mean lifespan of C. elegans. The longevity promoting and neuromodulatory effects of AC are mediated by up regulation of the stress response genes sod-3 and gst-4. The present finding gives new insights of natural remedies and their future prospects in developing therapeutic interventions for managing age related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsna Asthana
- a Microbial Technology and Nematology Department , CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants , Lucknow , India ;,b Department of Biotechnology , I.E.T. Campus, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University , Lucknow , India
| | - B N Mishra
- b Department of Biotechnology , I.E.T. Campus, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University , Lucknow , India
| | - Rakesh Pandey
- a Microbial Technology and Nematology Department , CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants , Lucknow , India
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210
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Protective effect of polyphenols in an inflammatory process associated with experimental pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Br J Nutr 2016; 114:853-65. [PMID: 26334388 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515002597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols have been described to have a wide range of biological activities, and many reports, published during recent years, have highlighted the beneficial effects of phenolic compounds, illustrating their promising role as therapeutic tools in several acute and chronic disorders. The purpose of study was to evaluate, in an already-assessed model of lung injury caused by bleomycin (BLM) administration, the role of resveratrol and quercetin, as well as to explore the potential beneficial properties of a mango leaf extract, rich in mangiferin, and a grape leaf extract, rich in dihydroquercetin (DHQ), on the same model. Mice were subjected to intra-tracheal administration of BLM, and polyphenols were administered by oral route immediately after BLM instillation and daily for 7 d. Treatment with resveratrol, mangiferin, quercetin and DHQ inhibited oedema formation and body weight loss, as well as ameliorated polymorphonuclear infiltration into the lung tissue and reduced the number of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Moreover, polyphenols suppressed inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, and prevented oxidative and nitroxidative lung injury, as shown by the reduced nitrotyrosine and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase levels. The degree of apoptosis, as evaluated by Bid and Bcl-2 balance, was also suppressed after polyphenol treatment. Finally, these natural products down-regulated cyclo-oxygenase-2, extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylated expression and reduced NF-κBp65 translocation. Our findings confirmed the anti-inflammatory effects of resveratrol and quercetin in BLM-induced lung damage, and highlight, for the first time, the protective properties of exogenous administration of mangiferin and DHQ on experimental pulmonary fibrosis.
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211
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Jnawali HN, Jeon D, Jeong MC, Lee E, Jin B, Ryoo S, Yoo J, Jung ID, Lee SJ, Park YM, Kim Y. Antituberculosis Activity of a Naturally Occurring Flavonoid, Isorhamnetin. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:961-969. [PMID: 26974691 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b01033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Isorhamnetin (1) is a naturally occurring flavonoid having anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study demonstrated that 1 had antimycobacterial effects on Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, multi-drug- and extensively drug-resistant clinical isolates with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 158 and 316 μM, respectively. Mycobacteria mainly affect the lungs, causing an intense local inflammatory response that is critical to the pathogenesis of tuberculosis. We investigated the effects of 1 on interferon (IFN)-γ-stimulated human lung fibroblast MRC-5 cells. Isorhamnetin suppressed the release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-12. A nontoxic dose of 1 reduced mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, and matrix metalloproteinase-1 in IFN-γ-stimulated cells. Isorhamnetin inhibited IFN-γ-mediated stimulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and showed high-affinity binding to these kinases (binding constants: 4.46 × 10(6) M(-1) and 7.6 × 10(6) M(-1), respectively). The 4'-hydroxy group and the 3'-methoxy group of the B-ring and the 5-hydroxy group of the A-ring of 1 play key roles in these binding interactions. A mouse in vivo study of lipopolysaccharide-induced lung inflammation revealed that a nontoxic dose of 1 reduced the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, and INF-γ in lung tissue. These data provide the first evidence that 1 could be developed as a potent antituberculosis drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hum Nath Jnawali
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio-Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University , Seoul, 143-701, South Korea
| | - Dasom Jeon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio-Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University , Seoul, 143-701, South Korea
| | - Min-Cheol Jeong
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio-Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University , Seoul, 143-701, South Korea
| | - Eunjung Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio-Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University , Seoul, 143-701, South Korea
| | - Bongwhan Jin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio-Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University , Seoul, 143-701, South Korea
| | - Sungweon Ryoo
- Korean Institute of Tuberculosis , Osong, Cheongju, 361-954, South Korea
| | - Jungheon Yoo
- Quantamatrix Inc., Seoul National University , Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - In Duk Jung
- Department of Immunology, Lab of Dendritic Cell Differentiation & Regulation, School of Medicine, Konkuk University , Chungju, 380-701, South Korea
| | - Seung Jun Lee
- Department of Immunology, Lab of Dendritic Cell Differentiation & Regulation, School of Medicine, Konkuk University , Chungju, 380-701, South Korea
| | - Yeong-Min Park
- Department of Immunology, Lab of Dendritic Cell Differentiation & Regulation, School of Medicine, Konkuk University , Chungju, 380-701, South Korea
| | - Yangmee Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio-Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University , Seoul, 143-701, South Korea
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212
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On the difference in decomposition of taxifolin and luteolin vs. fisetin and quercetin in aqueous media. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-016-1737-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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213
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Nagai S, Wakai E, Shibano M, Fujimori K. Anti-obesity effects of Asian dayflower, Commelina communis, in mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity and in 3T3-L1 cells. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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214
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Gong N, Zhang G, Jin G, Du G, Lu Y. Polymorphs and Versatile Solvates of 7-Hydroxyisoflavone. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:1387-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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215
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Raghav N, Garg S, Ravish I. Conversion of 2′-substituted chalcones in the presence of BSA as evidenced by 1H NMR studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 85:23-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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216
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Hussain T, Zia-ur-Rehman M, Zaheer M, Ashraf CM, Bolte M. 1-[4-(1H-Imidazol-1-yl)Phenyl]-3-Phenylprop-2-En-1-Ones – a Potential Pharmacophore Bearing Anti-Leishmanial Activity. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.3184/174751916x14569208466251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of new potentially anti-microbial 1-[4-(1 H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl]-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ones was synthesised by condensation of various substituted benzaldehydes with 1-[4-(1 H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl]ethanone, which was itself prepared by N-arylation of imidazole with p-haloacetophenones, using copper iodide and 1,3-di(pyridin-2-yl)propane-1,3-dione as a catalyst. All the synthesised compounds were subjected to preliminary evaluation for their anti-leishmanial and anti-fungal activities. Some of the synthesised compounds showed significant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir Hussain
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore-54590, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Zaheer
- PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Ferozpur Road, Lahore-54600, Pakistan
| | | | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, J. W. Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438-Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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217
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Roy S, Pawar S, Chowdhary A. Evaluation of In Vitro Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Activity of Datura metel Linn. and Cynodon dactylon Linn. Extracts. Pharmacognosy Res 2016; 8:123-7. [PMID: 27034603 PMCID: PMC4780138 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.175610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate in vitro cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity of Datura metel L. and Cynodon dactylon L. extracts. Materials and Methods: The extraction of plants parts (datura seed and fruit pulp) and areal parts of durva was carried out using soxhlet and cold extraction method using solvents namely methanol and distilled water. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) was determined by established methods. The in vitro cytotoxicity assay was performed in vero cell line by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay method. In vitro antioxidant activity of the extract was performed by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging method. Results: We found that the highest amount of TPC and TFC in methanolic extracts of seed (268.6 μg of gallic acid equivalence/mg of dry plant material) and fruit pulp (8.84 μg of quercetin equivalence/mg dry plant material) of D. metel, respectively prepared by Soxhlet method. The methanolic extract of C. dactylon prepared using soxhlation has shown potent free radical scavenging activity with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 100 μg/ml. The IC50 of a methanolic cold extract of datura fruit was found to be 3 mg/ml against vero cell line. Conclusion: We observed that plant parts of C. dactylon and D. metel have a high antioxidant activity. Further research is needed to explore the therapeutic potential of these plant extracts. SUMMARY In the present study we observed a positive correlation was between the phenolic and flavanoid content of the Datura metel and cynodon doctylon (durva) extracts with the free radical scavenging activities. Both were found to have a high antioxidant activity.
Abbreviations used: BHA: Butylated hydroxyanisole, BHT: Butylated hydroxytoluene, CC50: 50% cell cytotoxic concentration, CNS: Central nervous system, DPPH: 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, IC50: 50% inhibitory concentration, MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide), TFC: Total flavonoid content, TPC: Total phenolic content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Roy
- Department of Virology, Haffkine Institute for Training, Research and Testing, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sandip Pawar
- Department of Biochemistry, The Institute of Science, Fort, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abhay Chowdhary
- Department of Virology, Haffkine Institute for Training, Research and Testing, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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218
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Dar BA, Lone AM, Shah WA, Qurishi MA. Synthesis and screening of ursolic acid-benzylidine derivatives as potential anti-cancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 111:26-32. [PMID: 26854375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Ursolic acid present abundantly in plant kingdom is a well-known compound with various promising biological activities including, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antiallergic and anti-HIV properties. Herein, a library of ursolic acid-benzylidine derivatives have been designed and synthesized using Claisen Schmidt condensation of ursolic acid with various aromatic aldehydes in an attempt to develop potent antitumor agents. The compounds were evaluated against a panel of four human carcinoma cell lines including, A-549 (lung), MCF-7 (breast), HCT-116 (colon), THP-1 (leukemia) and a normal human epithelial cell line (FR-2). The results from MTT assay revealed that all the compounds displayed high level of antitumor activities compared with the triazole analogs (previously reported) and the parent ursolic acid. However, compound 3b, the most active derivative was subjected to mechanistic studies to understand the underlying mechanism. The results revealed that compound 3b induced apoptosis in HCT-116 cell lines, arrest cell cycle in the G1 phase, caused accumulation of cytochrome c in the cytosol and increased the expression levels of caspase-9 and caspase-3 proteins. Therefore, compound 3b induces apoptosis in HCT-116 cells through mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Ahmad Dar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Ali Mohd Lone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India.
| | - Wajaht Amin Shah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
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Kranjc E, Albreht A, Vovk I, Makuc D, Plavec J. Non-targeted chromatographic analyses of cuticular wax flavonoids from Physalis alkekengi L. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1437:95-106. [PMID: 26875116 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Since Chinese lantern (Physalis alkekengi L.) represents a rich source of various bioactive secondary metabolites, there is an urge for its detailed characterization. Non-polar flavonoid aglycones represent one of the few bioactive species found in plant's cuticular waxes. The separation of flavonoids is already extensively covered in the literature, but methods dedicated to separation and identification of methylated flavonoids are rather scarce. In the present study a non-targeted approach for the separation, isolation and identification of methylated flavonoids present in P. alkekengi L. var. franchetii cuticular waxes was established. A rapid and simple separation on HPTLC silica gel was developed for preliminary screening of flavonoids. Fast HPLC-UV-MS(n) and HPLC-UV methods using a C6-Phenyl and a C18 stationary phase were also developed, respectively. In both cases, the right combination of temperature and tetrahydrofuran, as a mobile phase modifier, were shown to be crucial for a baseline separation of all studied compounds. By employing a semi-preparative analog of the C18 column, a simultaneous isolation of pure unknown analytes was achieved. Using these developed methods in combination with NMR, four 3-O-methylated flavonols were detected and identified in P. alkekengi L. var. franchetii cuticular waxes: myricetin 3,7,3'-trimethyl ether, quercetin 3,7-dimethyl ether, myricetin 3,7,3',5'-tetramethyl ether and quercetin 3,7,3'-trimethyl ether. Moreover, the simple and fast isocratic HPLC-UV-MS(n) method (under 8min) should prove useful in quality control of P. alkekengi L. var. franchetii by enabling chromatographic fingerprinting of external methylated flavonols. Finally, a rationale for the mechanism of separation of these metabolites by HPLC is also given, which establishes a foundation for future development of chromatographic methods for methylated flavonols and related compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kranjc
- Laboratory for Food Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alen Albreht
- Laboratory for Food Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Irena Vovk
- Laboratory for Food Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Damjan Makuc
- EN-FIST Centre of Excellence, Trg Osvobodilne Fronte 13, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Slovenian NMR Centre, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Plavec
- EN-FIST Centre of Excellence, Trg Osvobodilne Fronte 13, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Slovenian NMR Centre, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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220
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Comparison of the antiviral activity of flavonoids against murine norovirus and feline calicivirus. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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221
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Dong D, Reece EA, Yang P. The Nrf2 Activator Vinylsulfone Reduces High Glucose-Induced Neural Tube Defects by Suppressing Cellular Stress and Apoptosis. Reprod Sci 2016; 23:993-1000. [PMID: 26802109 DOI: 10.1177/1933719115625846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway is one of the primary pathways responsible for the cellular defense system against oxidative stress. Oxidative stress-induced apoptosis is a causal event in diabetic embryopathy. Thus, the Nrf2 pathway may play an important role in the induction of diabetic embryopathy. In the present study, we investigated the potentially protective effect of the Nrf2 activator, vinylsulfone, on high glucose-induced cellular stress, apoptosis, and neural tube defects (NTDs). Embryonic day 8.5 (E8.5) whole mouse embryos were cultured in normal (5 mmol/L) or high (16.7 mmol/L) glucose conditions, with or without vinylsulfone. At a concentration of 10 μmol/L, vinylsulfone had an inhibitory effect on high glucose-induced NTD formation, but it was not significant. At a concentration of 20 μmol/L, vinylsulfone significantly reduced high glucose-induced NTDs. In addition, 20 μmol/L vinylsulfone abrogated the high glucose-induced oxidative stress markers lipid hydroperoxide (LPO), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), and nitrotyrosine-modified proteins. The high glucose-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress biomarkers were also suppressed by 20 μmol/L vinylsulfone through the inhibition of phosphorylated protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK), inositol requiring protein 1α (IRE1a), eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2a), upregulated C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP), and x-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) messenger RNA splicing. Furthermore, 20 μmol/L vinylsulfone abolished caspase 3 and caspase 8 cleavage, markers of apoptosis, in embryos cultured under high glucose conditions. The Nrf2 activator, vinylsulfone, is protective against high glucose-induced cellular stress, caspase activation, and subsequent NTD formation. Our data suggest that vinylsulfone supplementation is a potential therapy for diabetes-associated neurodevelopmental defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyin Dong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - E Albert Reece
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Nashville, TN, USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peixin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Nashville, TN, USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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222
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Mohammadi S, Zarei M, Zarei MM, Salehi I. Effect of Hydroalcoholic Leaves Extract of Rhus Coriaria on Pain in Male Rats. Anesth Pain Med 2016; 6:e32128. [PMID: 27047792 PMCID: PMC4784472 DOI: 10.5812/aapm.32128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The drive toward the use of medicinal plants has been increasing in recent years. They have few side effects and a large variety of efficient components. OBJECTIVES This study was designed to investigate the analgesic effects of hydroalcoholic Rhus coriaria leaf extract (HRCLE) in a rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 42 adult male rats were divided into seven groups: a control group (the animals did not receive any drug), three HRCLE groups, (receiving 80, 100, and 300 mg/kg, intraperitoneally [ip]), a morphine group (1 mg/kg, ip) an aspirin group (1 mg/kg, ip), and a group that received 300 mg/kg of HRCLE plus naloxone (1 mg/kg, ip). The analgesic effects of HRCLE were assessed via writhing, tail flick, and formalin tests, and the data obtained were compared with the control group using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc tests. RESULTS HRCLE significantly inhibited the number of contractions induced by acetic acid in the writhing test at all doses, while anti-nociceptive activity was only shown at the 100 mg/kg dose (in the chronic phase) and at the 300 mg/kg dose (in the chronic-acute phase) in the formalin test. Interestingly, the greatest effect was observed at the 300 mg/kg HRCLE dose in the tail flick test. Simultaneous utilization of naloxone and HRCLE inhibited the anti-nociceptive effect of the extract in all tests. It is worth mentioning that aspirin and morphine revealed anti-nociceptive effects in all tests. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the analgesic effect of HRCLE may be mediated via both peripheral and central mechanisms. The presence of flavonoids might be responsible for the anti-nociceptive activity of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Mohammadi
- Biology Department, Basic Sciences Faculty, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zarei
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Physiology Department, Medicine Faculty, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Corresponding author: Mohammad Zarei, Physiology Department and Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Tel: +98-8138380462, Fax: +98-8138380208, E-mail:
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Zarei
- Physiology Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran
| | - Iraj Salehi
- Anesthesia Department, Paramedicine Faculty, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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223
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Schmidt J. Negative ion electrospray high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry of polyphenols. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2016; 51:33-43. [PMID: 26757070 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Representative compounds with a 1,3-dihydroxybenzene substructure belonging to different important polyphenol classes (stilbenes, flavones, isoflavones, flavonols, flavanones, flavanols, phloroglucinols, anthraquinones and bisanthraquinones) were investigated based on detailed high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry measurements with an Orbitrap system under negative ion electrospray conditions. The mass spectral behaviour of these compound classes was compared among each other not only with respect to previously described losses of CO, CH2 CO and C3 O2 but also concerning the loss of CO2 and successive specific fragmentations. Furthermore, some unusual fragmentations such as the loss of a methyl radical during mass spectral decomposition are discussed. The obtained results demonstrate both similarities and differences in their mass spectral fragmentation under MS(n) conditions, allowing a characterization of the corresponding compound type. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Schmidt
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
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224
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Kocábová J, Fiedler J, Degano I, Sokolová R. Oxidation mechanism of flavanone taxifolin. Electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical investigation. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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225
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Doshi GM, Nalawade VV, Mukadam AS, Chaskar PK, Zine SP, Somani RR, Une HD. Elucidation of Flavonoids from Carissa congesta, Polyalthia longifolia, and Benincasa hispida Plant Extracts by Hyphenated Technique of Liquid Chromatography-mass Spectroscopy. Pharmacognosy Res 2016; 8:281-286. [PMID: 27695269 PMCID: PMC5004520 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.186578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carissa congesta (CC), Polyalthia longifolia (PL), and Benincasa hispida (BH) are economically important plants. OBJECTIVE Current research encompasses identification of quercetin and rutin and their analogues by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) from the selected plant species. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fresh roots, leaves, and seeds of CC, PL, and BH plants respectively were shade-dried followed by extraction and elucidation of rutin and quercetin by LC-MS. RESULTS Structural elucidation of CC, PL, and BH extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids such as quercetin (m/z 301) and rutin (m/z 610) as the parent ions along with presence of close analogues such as quercetin-O-hexoside, Vicenin 2, quercetin-3-O-xyloside/arabinoside, and quercetin-3-O-glucoside were identified as fragments. CONCLUSIONS Thus, CC, PL, and BH extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids belonging to the class of flavonols such as rutin and quercetin. SUMMARY Quercetin and rutin were identified from CC roots, PL leaves and BH seeds by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy.Quercetin was characterized at (m/z 301) and rutin (m/z 610) as the parent ion peaks.Analogues such as quercetin-O-hexoside, Vicenin 2 and quercetin-3-O-glucoside were identified as fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav M Doshi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vivekanand Education Society's College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; Pacific Academy of Higher Education and Research University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vivek V Nalawade
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vivekanand Education Society's College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aaditi S Mukadam
- Department of Quality Assurance, Vivekanand Education Society's College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pratip K Chaskar
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vivekanand Education Society's College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sandeep P Zine
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vivekanand Education Society's College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rakesh R Somani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vivekanand Education Society's College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Hemant D Une
- Department of Pharmacology, Y. B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Rouzabagh, Aurangabad, India
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226
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Propriétés antioxydantes et antimicrobiennes des extraits de Myrtus nivellei Batt et Trab. obtenus in situ et in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10298-015-1011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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227
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Mechanochemical synthesis of cyclohexenones and indazoles as potential antimicrobial agents. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-015-2379-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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228
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El-Hashash MA, Rizk SA, Atta-Allah SR. Synthesis and Regioselective Reaction of Some Unsymmetrical Heterocyclic Chalcone Derivatives and Spiro Heterocyclic Compounds as Antibacterial Agents. Molecules 2015; 20:22069-83. [PMID: 26690393 PMCID: PMC6332078 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of novel heterocyclic chalcone derivatives can be synthesized by thermal and microwave tools. Treatment of 4-(4-Acetylamino- and/or 4-bromo-phenyl)-4-oxobut-2-enoic acids with hydrogen peroxide in alkaline medium were afforded oxirane derivatives 2. Reaction of the epoxide 2 with 2-amino-5-aryl-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives yielded chalcone of imidazo[2,1-b]thiadiazole derivative 4 via two thermal routes. In one pot reaction of 4-bromoacetophenone, diethyloxalate, and 2-amino-5-aryl-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives in MW irradiation (W 250 and T 150 °C) under eco-friendly conditions afforded an unsuitable yield of the desired chalcone 4d. The chalcone derivatives 4 were used as a key starting material to synthesize some new spiroheterocyclic compounds via Michael and aza-Michael adducts. The chalcone 4f was similar to the aryl-oxo-vinylamide derivatives for the inhibition of tyrosine kinase and cancer cell growth. The electron-withdrawing substituents, such as halogens, and 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole moeity decreasing the electron density, thereby decreasing the energy of HOMO, and the presence of imidazothiadiazole moiety should improve the antibacterial activity. Thus, the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anti-bacterial activity against (ATCC 25923), (ATCC 10987), (ATCC 274,) and (SM514). The structure of the newly synthesized compounds was confirmed by elemental analysis and spectroscopic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maher A El-Hashash
- Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, Ain-Shams University, Abassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
| | - Sameh A Rizk
- Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, Ain-Shams University, Abassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
| | - Saad R Atta-Allah
- Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, Ain-Shams University, Abassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
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229
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Ameni AZ, Latorre OA, Torres LMB, Górniak SL. Toxicity study about a medicinal plant Casearia sylvestris: A contribution to the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 175:9-13. [PMID: 26344853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Casearia sylvestris S.w (Salicaceae) is catalogued by the Brazilian Unified Health System as a plant of interest for the Brazilian population with the purpose of treating inflammatory disorders, such as pain and gastrointestinal disorders based on the folk use and some literature about efficacy; however, no toxicological studies concerned the safety of extract fluid of this plant have been reported. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was carried out to evaluate the acute and subchronic toxicity of the hydroethanolic extract fluid (FE) obtained from leaves of C. sylvestris in Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the acute toxicity test three female Wistar rats were treated with a single dose of FE (2000 mg/kg) administered by oral gavage and observed for 14 days in order to identify signs of toxicity or death. In subchronic toxicity study animals received, by daily gavage three doses 60, 120 and 240 mg/kg of the FE of the plant for 28 and 90 days. The animals were observed daily for clinical signs and mortality. Body weight and food consumption were measured weekly and at the end of treatment were analysed hematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters. Also was analysed the cellularity of bone marrow and spleen. Moreover, phytochemical analysis by HPLC-PDA-ESI(+)/MS and CG/MS/EI was carried out to qualify the constituents of the extract. RESULTS The results of acute study indicated that the LD50 is higher than 2000 mg/kg and at 28 and 90 day oral toxicity showed that there were no toxic effects detected in any of the parameters evaluated: body weight and relative organ weight, general behavioral changes, haematological and biochemical parameters and histopathological examination. The analysis by HPLC-PDA-ESI(+)/MS and CG/MS/EI identified the flavonoids rutin, quercetin and luteolin and also chlorogenic on the extract. CONCLUSION Based on this study the hydroethanolic fluid extract of C. sylvestris could be safe even when used over a long period for therapeutic uses proposed by the Brazilian Unified Health System.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Z Ameni
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87. CEP: 05508-270 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - O A Latorre
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87. CEP: 05508-270 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - L M B Torres
- Botanic Institute of São Paulo,Av. Miguel Estéfano, 3687, Água Funda, CEP: 04301-012, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S L Górniak
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87. CEP: 05508-270 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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230
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Basios N, Lampropoulos P, Papalois A, Lambropoulou M, Pitiakoudis MK, Kotini A, Simopoulos C, Tsaroucha AK. Apigenin Attenuates Inflammation in Experimentally Induced Acute Pancreatitis-Associated Lung Injury. J INVEST SURG 2015; 29:121-7. [PMID: 26631908 DOI: 10.3109/08941939.2015.1088603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis is associated with acute lung injury. The aim of the present study is to evaluate alterations of lungs in an experimental model of acute pancreatitis (AP) following both bilio-pancreatic duct obstruction close to the duodenum. Acute pancreatitis is a common disease with significant mortality. This situation makes the need of finding protective factors for the lung parenchyma, imperative. In the present study there is an effort to clarify the role of apigenin, a substance which is well known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, on lung injury, following acute pancreatitis in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, 126 male Wistar-type rats 3-4 months old and 220-350 g weight were used. At time 0 we randomly assigned the following groups: Group Sham: Rats were subjected to virtual surgery. Group Control: Rats were subjected to surgery for induction of acute pancreatitis. Group Apigenin: Rats were subjected to surgery for induction of acute pancreatitis and enteral feeding with apigenin. Immunochemistry for TNF-α and IL-6 as well as MPO activity were measured at predetermined time intervals 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h, in order to evaluate architectural disturbances of the lung tissue. RESULTS From the pathological reports we realized that comparing the control group with the apigenin group, there is an improvement of lung tissue damage following apigenin administration, with statistical significance. Apigenin reduces most histopathological alterations of the pulmonary tissue, reduces MPO and TNF-α activity at 48 hours and, furthermore, reduces IL-6 activity at 72 hours post-administration. CONCLUSIONS Oral Apigenin administration in rats, following experimental induced acute pancreatitis, seems to be protective on the lung tissue. Apigenin administration to humans could potentially ameliorate acute lung injuries. However, special caution is required for humans' use, as more detailed studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neofitos Basios
- a Demokritos University of Thrace, Second Department of Surgery , University Hospital of Alexandroupolis , Alexandroupolis , Greece
| | | | - Apostolos Papalois
- c Experimental -Research Center, ELPEN Pharmaceuticals , Pikermi , Greece
| | - Maria Lambropoulou
- d Demokritos University of Thrace, Department of Histology , University Hospital of Alexandroupolis , Alexandroupolis , Greece
| | - Michael K Pitiakoudis
- a Demokritos University of Thrace, Second Department of Surgery , University Hospital of Alexandroupolis , Alexandroupolis , Greece
| | - Athanasia Kotini
- e Demokritos University of Thrace, Laboratory of Medical Physics , University Hospital of Alexandroupolis , Alexandroupolis , Greece
| | - Constantinos Simopoulos
- a Demokritos University of Thrace, Second Department of Surgery , University Hospital of Alexandroupolis , Alexandroupolis , Greece
| | - Alexandra K Tsaroucha
- a Demokritos University of Thrace, Second Department of Surgery , University Hospital of Alexandroupolis , Alexandroupolis , Greece
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231
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Azam S, Ansari P, Rashid MMU, Alam MN, Ahmed IH, Ibarahim MY, Shafi SM, Rahman S, Hossen A. In vitro anti-oxidant and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity determination of the methanolic leaves extract of Millettiapachycarpa. BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND THERAPY 2015. [DOI: 10.7603/s40730-015-0023-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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232
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Alolga RN, Amadi SW, Onoja V, Assanhou AG, Muyaba M, Kassim SA. Anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties of Kang 601 heji, a traditional Chinese oral liquid dosage form. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 5:921-927. [PMID: 32363148 PMCID: PMC7185552 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the scientific basis for the use of Kang 601 heji (K-601) as an anti-inflammatory and antipyretic agent using appropriate animal models. Methods Carrageenan-induced rat paw and xylene-induced ear oedemas were models used to investigate anti-inflammatory actions of K-601. Lipopolysaccharide-induced pyrexia model was used to evaluate antipyretic activity in Wistar rats. The anti-inflammatory and antipyretic mechanisms were evaluated by detecting prostaglandins E2, nitric oxide, interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α levels using appropriate reagents and ELISA kits. Results The results revealed that K-601 reduced the level of inflammations in both anti-inflammatory models in a dose-dependent manner. The same was true for the antipyretic model. The possible mechanisms of actions were through the inhibition of prostaglandins E2, interleukin-1β, tumour necrosis factor-α and nitric oxide. Conclusions K-601 has proven anti-inflammatory and antipyretic actions. The findings provide a scientific basis for the use of K-601 as anti-inflammatory and antipyretic agent in traditional Chinese medicinal practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Nammahime Alolga
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Sarah Wambui Amadi
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Vitus Onoja
- Joint Key Laboratory for Drug Development, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, China
| | - Assogba Gabin Assanhou
- Joint Key Laboratory for Drug Development, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, China
| | - Moses Muyaba
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Said Abasse Kassim
- Joint Key Laboratory for Drug Development, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, China
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López-Cobo A, Gómez-Caravaca AM, Švarc-Gajić J, Segura-Carretero A, Fernández-Gutiérrez A. Determination of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of a Mediterranean plant: The case of Satureja montana subsp. kitaibelii. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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234
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Antioxidant capacity of quercetin and its glycosides in the presence of β-cyclodextrins: influence of glycosylation on inclusion complexation. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-015-0566-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Shalini V, Pushpan CK, G S, A J, A H. Tricin, flavonoid from Njavara reduces inflammatory responses in hPBMCs by modulating the p38MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways and prevents inflammation associated endothelial dysfunction in HUVECs. Immunobiology 2015; 221:137-44. [PMID: 26514297 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies revealed the potent anti-inflammatory activity of tricin, the active component of Njavara rice bran. Here, we report the involvement of specific signaling pathways in the protective effect of tricin against LPS induced inflammation in hPBMCs and the role of tricin in modulating endothelial dysfunction in LPS induced HUVECs. Pretreatment with tricin (15μM) significantly inhibited the release of TNF-α and was comparable to the specific pathway blockers like ERK inhibitor (PD98059), JNK inhibitor (SP600125) and p38 inhibitor (SB203580), whereas an increased release of TNF-α was observed in PI3K/Akt inhibitor (LY294002) treated cells. Tricin alone and combination treatment of tricin and SB203580 showed more significant inhibition of activation of COX-2 and TNF-α than that of SB203580 alone treated group. Combination treatment of tricin and LY294002 showed increased activation of COX-2 and TNF-α, proved that PI3K activation is essential for the anti-inflammatory effect of tricin. Studies conducted on HUVECs revealed the protective effect of tricin against endothelial dysfunction associated with LPS induced inflammation by inhibiting the activation of proinflammatory mediators like TNF-α, IFN-γ, MCP 1 by modulating NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. ELISA and flow cytometric analysis again confirmed the protection of tricin against endothelial damage, especially from the decreased activation of cell adhesion molecules like ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-Selectin upon tricin treatment. This work establishes the mechanism behind the potent anti-inflammatory activity of the flavonoid tricin.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Shalini
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthpuram, 695581 Kerala, India.
| | - Chithra K Pushpan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthpuram, 695581 Kerala, India
| | - Sindhu G
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthpuram, 695581 Kerala, India
| | - Jayalekshmy A
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), CSIR, Industrial Estate P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, 695019 Kerala, India.
| | - Helen A
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthpuram, 695581 Kerala, India.
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236
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Boadi WY, Amartey PK, Lo A. Effect of quercetin, genistein and kaempferol on glutathione and glutathione-redox cycle enzymes in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Drug Chem Toxicol 2015; 39:239-47. [PMID: 27063963 DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2015.1082135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE Many studies have shown that cellular redox potential is largely determined by glutathione (GSH), which accounts for more than 90% of cellular nonprotein thiols. The aim of this study was to delineate the effect of three flavonoids - namely, quercetin, kaempferol and genistein - and exogenous GSH on oxidative damage by the Fenton's pathway through the GSH and GSH-redox cycle enzymes in 3T3-L1 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were exposed to each flavonoid and GSH at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 µM and then GSH levels and activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GSH-Rx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. RESULTS Exogenous GSH did not have significant effect on intracellular GSH although slight decrease was observed at 15-25 µM doses. However, each of the three flavonoids sustained intracellular GSH levels in the cells as compared to the respective controls. Quercetin had the most profound effect, followed by kaempferol and genistein in that order. GSH-Px, GSH-Rx and SOD activities increased for all the doses tested compared to their respective controls. Again, quercetin had the maximum increase in enzyme activities followed by kaempferol and genistein for the enzymes tested. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the flavonoids play an important role in diminishing oxidation-induced biochemical damages. The enhancement of these enzymes may increase the resistance of the organism against oxidative damage by the Fenton's pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Y Boadi
- a Department of Chemistry , Tennessee State University , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Paul K Amartey
- a Department of Chemistry , Tennessee State University , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Andrew Lo
- a Department of Chemistry , Tennessee State University , Nashville , TN , USA
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Park G, Baek S, Kim JE, Lim TG, Lee CC, Yang H, Kang YG, Park JS, Augustin M, Mrosek M, Lee CY, Dong Z, Huber R, Lee KW. Flt3 is a target of coumestrol in protecting against UVB-induced skin photoaging. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 98:473-83. [PMID: 26341390 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.08.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
While skin aging is a naturally occurring process by senescence, exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation accelerates wrinkle formation and sagging of skin. UV induces skin aging by degrading collagen via activating matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In this study, we show that coumestrol, a metabolite of the soybean isoflavone daidzein, has a preventive effect on skin photoaging in three-dimensional human skin equivalent model. Coumestrol inhibited UVB-induced MMP-1 expression and activity. Whole human kinase profiling assay identified FLT3 kinase as a novel target protein of coumestrol in UVB-induced signaling pathway in skin. Coumestrol suppresses FLT3 kinase activity, and subsequently, Ras/MEK/ERK and Akt/p70 ribosomal S6 kinase pathway. This suppresses AP-1 activity and in turn, diminishes MMP-1 gene transcription. Using X-ray crystallography, the binding of coumestrol to FLT3 was defined and implied ATP-competitive inhibition. Residues Lys644 and Phe830 showed local changes to accommodate coumestrol in the ATP-binding pocket. 4-APIA, a pharmacological inhibitor of FLT3, inhibited MMP-1 expression and induced signal transduction changes similar to coumestrol. Taken together, coumestrol inhibits UVB-induced MMP-1 expression by suppressing FLT3 kinase activity. These findings suggest that coumestrol is a novel dietary compound with potential application in preventing and improving UVB-associated skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaeun Park
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Baek
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany; Proteros Biostructures GmbH, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jong-Eun Kim
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-gyu Lim
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea; The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, United States
| | - Charles C Lee
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Hee Yang
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Gyu Kang
- Skin Research Institute, Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Seong Park
- Skin Research Institute, Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Chang Yong Lee
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States; Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zigang Dong
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, United States
| | - Robert Huber
- Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany; Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany; School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, UK; Center for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ki Won Lee
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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238
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Cochran DB, Gray LN, Anderson KW, Dziubla TD. Degradable poly(apigenin) polymer inhibits tumor cell adhesion to vascular endothelial cells. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 104:1438-47. [PMID: 26251070 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cancer and the inflammatory system share a complex intertwined relationship. For instance, in response to an injury or stress, vascular endothelial cells will express cell adhesion molecules as a means of recruiting leukocytes. However, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been shown to highjack this expression for the adhesion and invasion during the metastatic cascade. As such, the initiation of endothelial cell inflammation, either by surgical procedures (cancer resection) or chemotherapy can inadvertently increase the metastatic potential of CTCs. Yet, systemic delivery of anti-inflammatories, which weaken the entire immune system, may not be preferred in some treatment settings. In this work, we demonstrate that a long-term releasing flavone-based polymer and subsequent nanoparticle delivery system can inhibit tumor cell adhesion, through the suppression of endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression. The degradation of a this anti-inflammatory polymer provides longer term, localized release profile of active therapeutic drug in nanoparticle form as compared with that of the free drug, permitting more targeted anti-metastatic therapies. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 1438-1447, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Cochran
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40506
| | - Lindsay N Gray
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40506
| | - Kimberly W Anderson
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40506
| | - Thomas D Dziubla
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40506.
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239
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Naik VS, Shettigar V, Berglin TS, Coburn JS, Jasinski JP, Yathirajan HS. Crystal structures of (2E)-1-(3-bromo-thio-phen-2-yl)-3-(2-meth-oxy-phen-yl)prop-2-en-1-one and (2E)-1-(3-bromo-thio-phen-2-yl)-3-(3,4-di-meth-oxy-phen-yl)prop-2-en-1-one. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2015; 71:965-71. [PMID: 26396767 PMCID: PMC4571368 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989015013420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In the mol-ecules of the title compounds, (2E)-1-(3-bromo-thio-phen-2-yl)-3-(2-meth-oxy-phen-yl)prop-2-en-1-one, C14H11BrO2S, (I), which crystallizes in the space group P-1 with four independent mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit (Z' = 8), and (2E)-1-(3-bromo-thio-phen-2-yl)-3-(3,4-di-meth-oxy-phen-yl)prop-2-en-1-one, C15H13BrO3S, (II), which crystallizes with Z' = 8 in the space group I2/a, the non-H atoms are nearly coplanar. The mol-ecules of (I) pack with inversion symmetry stacked diagonally along the a-axis direction. Weak C-H⋯Br intra-molecular inter-actions in each of the four mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit are observed. In (II), weak C-H⋯O, bifurcated three-center inter-molecular inter-actions forming dimers along with weak C-H⋯π and π-π stacking inter-actions are observed, linking the mol-ecules into sheets along [001]. A weak C-H⋯Br intra-molecular inter-action is also present. There are no classical hydrogen bonds present in either structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasant S. Naik
- Department of Physics, Government First Grade College, Kumta 581 343, India, Research and Development Centre, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India
| | - Venkataraya Shettigar
- Department of Physics, Gokhale Centenary College, Ankola 581 314, India, Research and Development Centre, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India
| | - Tyler S. Berglin
- Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, 229 Main Street, Keene, NH 03435-2001, USA
| | - Jillian S. Coburn
- Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, 229 Main Street, Keene, NH 03435-2001, USA
| | - Jerry P. Jasinski
- Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, 229 Main Street, Keene, NH 03435-2001, USA
| | - Hemmige S. Yathirajan
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570 006, India
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240
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Mathew B, Mathew GE, Uçar G, Baysal I, Suresh J, Vilapurathu JK, Prakasan A, Suresh JK, Thomas A. Development of fluorinated methoxylated chalcones as selective monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors: Synthesis, biochemistry and molecular docking studies. Bioorg Chem 2015; 62:22-9. [PMID: 26189013 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of methoxylated chalcones with fluoro and trifluoromethyl derivatives were synthesized and investigated for their ability to inhibit human monoamine oxidase A and B. The chemical structures of the compounds have been characterized by means of their (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, Mass spectroscopic datas and elemental analysis. The results demonstrate that these compounds are reversible and selective MAO-B inhibitors with a competitive mode of inhibition. The most potent compound (2E)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] prop-2-en-1-one showed the best activity and higher selectivity towards hMAO-B with Ki and SI values of 0.22±0.01μM and 0.05 comparable to that standard drug, Selegiline Ki and SI values were found as 0.33±0.03μM and 0.04, respectively. Molecular docking studies were carried out to further explain the in vitro results of the new compounds, and to identify the hypothetical binding mode for the compounds inside the inhibitor binding cavity of hMAO-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijo Mathew
- Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Grace College of Pharmacy, Palakkad 678004, Kerala, India.
| | | | - Gülberk Uçar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ipek Baysal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Jerad Suresh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Madras Medical College, Chennai 600004, India
| | - Jobin Kunjumon Vilapurathu
- Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Grace College of Pharmacy, Palakkad 678004, Kerala, India
| | - Aneesh Prakasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Grace College of Pharmacy, Palakkad 678004, Kerala, India
| | | | - Anjana Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology, Grace College of Pharmacy, Palakkad 678004, Kerala, India
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241
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Mohammadi S, Zarei M, Zarei MM. Antinociceptive effects of Rhus coriaria L. extract in male rats. J Physiol Sci 2015; 65:S23-S28. [PMID: 31941172 PMCID: PMC10722635 DOI: 10.1007/bf03405852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that the tendency toward the medicinal plants is increasing in recent years. They have low side-effects and high varieties of efficient components. This study was designed to investigate the analgesic effect of hydro alcoholic leaf extract of Rhus coriaria (HRCLE) in a rat model. For this purpose, 42 adult male rats were divided into 7 groups: control, HRCLE (80, 100 and 300 mg/kg, i.p.), morphine (1 mg/kg, i.p.), aspirin (1 mg/kg, i.p.), and HRCLE 300 mg/kg plus naloxone (1 mg/kg, i.p.). The analgesic effects of HRCLE were assessed with writhing, tail flick and formalin tests. The data were compared with control by one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test. All dose levels of HRCLE inhibited the number of contractions induced by acetic acid in the writhing test signfiicantly. None of the dose levels of HRCE have been showed antinociceptive activity in the formalin test except the dose of 100 mg/kg (at chronic phase) and the dose of 300 mg/kg (at chronic- acute phase). In the tail flick model, the highest effect was at the dose of 300 mg/kg of HRCLE (P < 0.01). Utilization of naloxone plus extract inhibited the antinociceptive effect of HRCLE. In this study, our findings suggest that analgesic effect for the HRCLE may be mediated via both peripheral and central mechanisms. The presence of flavonoids might be responsible for the antinociceptive activity of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Mohammadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Hamadan, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zarei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Zarei
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
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242
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Arroyo-Acevedo J, Chávez-Asmat RJ, Anampa-Guzmán A, Donaires R, Ráez-Gonzáles J. Protective Effect of Piper aduncum Capsule on DMBA-induced Breast Cancer in Rats. Breast Cancer (Auckl) 2015; 9:41-8. [PMID: 26157333 PMCID: PMC4489669 DOI: 10.4137/bcbcr.s24420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The possible protective effect of Piper aduncum capsule on DMBA (dimethylbenz[α]anthracene)-induced breast cancer in rats was assessed by monitoring the tumor and lung metastases incidence and recording hematological and biochemical parameters and frequency of micronuclei. Mammary carcinogenesis was induced in 36 female Holtzman rats by providing a single subcutaneous injection of DMBA. Oral administration of P. aduncum capsule lowered adenocarcinoma and lymph node metastases incidence. Pulmonary metastasis was significantly lowered (P < 0.05). Hematological indicators showed that the triglyceride level was significantly lowered (P < 0.01) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level was significantly increased (P < 0.01). Also, P. aduncum capsule significantly lowered the C reactive protein (CRP) level (P < 0.01) and malondialdehyde level (P < 0.05). There was a significant decrease in the frequency of DMBA-induced micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte (P < 0.01). Considering the antitumorigenic, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antigenotoxic properties of P. aduncum capsule, we conclude that it has a protective effect on DMBA-induced breast cancer in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Arroyo-Acevedo
- Institute of Clinical Research, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Clinical Research, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - RJ Chávez-Asmat
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Clinical Research, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru
- Association for the Development of Student Research in Health Sciences (ADIECS), Lima, Peru
| | - A Anampa-Guzmán
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Clinical Research, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru
- Sociedad Científica de San Fernando (SCSF), Lima, Peru
| | - R Donaires
- Graduate School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - José Ráez-Gonzáles
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru
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243
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Selective targeting of FAK–Pyk2 axis by alpha-naphthoflavone abrogates doxorubicin resistance in breast cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2015; 362:25-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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244
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Rauf A, Khan R, Raza M, Khan H, Pervez S, De Feo V, Maione F, Mascolo N. Suppression of inflammatory response by chrysin, a flavone isolated from Potentilla evestita Th. Wolf. In silico predictive study on its mechanistic effect. Fitoterapia 2015; 103:129-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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245
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Jiang S, Huang K, Liu W, Fu F, Xu J. Combined Autodock and comparative molecular field analysis study on predicting 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory activity of flavonoids isolated from Spatholobus suberectus Dunn. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 70:103-13. [PMID: 26024248 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2014-4110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) plays a key role in the pathway of leukotriene biosynthesis. To predict the inhibitory activity of flavonoid inhibitors against 5-LOX from Spatholobus suberectus Dunn, Autodock 4.2 and comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) were employed. For the positive inhibitors (n=7), the value of the coefficient of determination (R2) between the binding free energy, calculated using Autodock 4.2, and the experimental pIC50 is 0.838. In the training set (n=21) of inhibitors against 5-LOX, the R2 of non-cross-validated partial least squares analysis between the actual and predicted pIC50 values, using the no-validation with the optimum number of components set to 6, is 0.997 (p=0.000). For the model generated by CoMFA, the contribution of electrostatic and steric factors are 0.522 and 0.478, respectively. Among the flavonoids of S. suberectus, liquiritigenin, catechin, butin, 3',4',7-trihydroxyflavone, plathymenin, and gallocatechin are the more potent inhibitors of 5-LOX based on the calculated binding free energy and the predicted pIC50 value.
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246
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Dzoyem JP, Nkuete AHL, Ngameni B, Eloff JN. Anti-inflammatory and anticholinesterase activity of six flavonoids isolated from Polygonum and Dorstenia species. Arch Pharm Res 2015; 40:1129-1134. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0612-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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247
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Chaudhary AK, Hwang IY, Jo YJ, Choi SH, Lee EY. Enzymatic synthesis of amentoflavone glycoside using recombinant oleandomycin glycosyltransferase. J IND ENG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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248
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In vitro and in vivo antitumoral effects of combinations of polyphenols, or polyphenols and anticancer drugs: perspectives on cancer treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:9236-82. [PMID: 25918934 PMCID: PMC4463587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16059236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenesis is a multistep process triggered by genetic alterations that activate different signal transduction pathways and cause the progressive transformation of a normal cell into a cancer cell. Polyphenols, compounds ubiquitously expressed in plants, have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, and immunomodulatory properties, all of which are beneficial to human health. Due to their ability to modulate the activity of multiple targets involved in carcinogenesis through direct interaction or modulation of gene expression, polyphenols can be employed to inhibit the growth of cancer cells. However, the main problem related to the use of polyphenols as anticancer agents is their poor bioavailability, which might hinder the in vivo effects of the single compound. In fact, polyphenols have a poor absorption and biodistribution, but also a fast metabolism and excretion in the human body. The poor bioavailability of a polyphenol will affect the effective dose delivered to cancer cells. One way to counteract this drawback could be combination treatment with different polyphenols or with polyphenols and other anti-cancer drugs, which can lead to more effective antitumor effects than treatment using only one of the compounds. This report reviews current knowledge on the anticancer effects of combinations of polyphenols or polyphenols and anticancer drugs, with a focus on their ability to modulate multiple signaling transduction pathways involved in cancer.
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249
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Rajesh E, Sankari LS, Malathi L, Krupaa JR. Naturally occurring products in cancer therapy. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2015; 7:S181-3. [PMID: 26015704 PMCID: PMC4439664 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.155895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products have been used for the treatment of various diseases and are becoming an important research area for drug discovery. These products, especially phytochemicals have been extensively studies and have exhibited anti-carcinogenic activities by interfering with the initiation, development and progression of cancer through the modulation of various mechanisms including cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis. This concept is gaining attention because it is a cost-effective alternative to cancer treatment. In this article, we have discussed some of the naturally occurring products used in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Rajesh
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Leena S. Sankari
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - L. Malathi
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jayasri R. Krupaa
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Biotransformations and biological activities of hop flavonoids. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:1063-90. [PMID: 25708386 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Female hop cones are used extensively in the brewing industry, but there is now increasing interest in possible uses of hops for non-brewing purposes, especially in the pharmaceutical industry. Among pharmaceutically important compounds from hops are flavonoids, having proven anticarcinogenic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and estrogenic effects. In this review we aim to present current knowledge on the biotransformation of flavonoids from hop cones with respect to products, catalysis and conversion. A list of microbial enzymatic reactions associated with gastrointestinal microbiota is presented. A comparative analysis of the biological activities of hop flavonoids and their biotransformation products is described, indicating where further research has potential for applications in the pharmaceutical industry.
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