201
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel substituted purine isosters as EGFR kinase inhibitors, with promising pharmacokinetic profile and in vivo efficacy. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 176:393-409. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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202
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Black LE, Longo JF, Carroll SL. Mechanisms of Receptor Tyrosine-Protein Kinase ErbB-3 (ERBB3) Action in Human Neoplasia. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:1898-1912. [PMID: 31351986 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 (ERBB2)/human EGF receptor 2 (HER2), and, to a lesser extent, ERBB4/HER4, promote the pathogenesis of many types of human cancers. In contrast, the role that ERBB3/HER3, the fourth member of the ERBB family of receptor tyrosine kinases, plays in these diseases is poorly understood and, until recently, underappreciated. In large part, this was because early structural and functional studies suggested that ERBB3 had little, if any, intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and, thus, was unlikely to be an important therapeutic target. Since then, however, numerous publications have demonstrated an important role for ERBB3 in carcinogenesis, metastasis, and acquired drug resistance. Furthermore, somatic ERBB3 mutations are frequently encountered in many types of human cancers. Dysregulation of ERBB3 trafficking as well as cooperation with other receptor tyrosine kinases further enhance ERBB3's role in tumorigenesis and drug resistance. As a result of these advances in our understanding of the structure and biochemistry of ERBB3, and a growing focus on the development of precision and combinatorial therapeutic regimens, ERBB3 is increasingly considered to be an important therapeutic target in human cancers. In this review, we discuss the unique structural and functional features of ERBB3 and how this information is being used to develop effective new therapeutic agents that target ERBB3 in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel E Black
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Jody F Longo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Steven L Carroll
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
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203
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Díaz‐Perlas C, Varese M, Guardiola S, Sánchez‐Navarro M, García J, Teixidó M, Giralt E. Protein Chemical Synthesis Combined with Mirror‐Image Phage Display Yields
d
‐Peptide EGF Ligands that Block the EGF–EGFR Interaction. Chembiochem 2019; 20:2079-2084. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Díaz‐Perlas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Baldiri Reixac 10 Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Monica Varese
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Baldiri Reixac 10 Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Salvador Guardiola
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Baldiri Reixac 10 Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Macarena Sánchez‐Navarro
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Baldiri Reixac 10 Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Jesús García
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Baldiri Reixac 10 Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Meritxell Teixidó
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Baldiri Reixac 10 Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Ernest Giralt
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Baldiri Reixac 10 Barcelona 08028 Spain
- Department of Inorganic and Organic ChemistryUniversity of Barcelona Martí I Franqués 1–11 Barcelona 08028 Spain
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204
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Wang S, Allen N, Vickers TA, Revenko AS, Sun H, Liang XH, Crooke ST. Cellular uptake mediated by epidermal growth factor receptor facilitates the intracellular activity of phosphorothioate-modified antisense oligonucleotides. Nucleic Acids Res 2019. [PMID: 29514240 PMCID: PMC5909429 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemically modified antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) with phosphorothioate (PS) linkages have been extensively studied as research and therapeutic agents. PS-ASOs can enter the cell and trigger cleavage of complementary RNA by RNase H1 even in the absence of transfection reagent. A number of cell surface proteins have been identified that bind PS-ASOs and mediate their cellular uptake; however, the mechanisms that lead to productive internalization of PS-ASOs are not well understood. Here, we characterized the interaction between PS-ASOs and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). We found that PS-ASOs trafficked together with EGF and EGFR into clathrin-coated pit structures. Their co-localization was also observed at early endosomes and inside enlarged late endosomes. Reduction of EGFR decreased PS-ASO activity without affecting EGF-mediated signaling pathways and overexpression of EGFR increased PS-ASO activity in cells. Furthermore, reduction of EGFR delays PS-ASO trafficking from early to late endosomes. Thus, EGFR binds to PS-ASOs at the cell surface and mediates essential steps for active (productive) cellular uptake of PS-ASOs through its cargo-dependent trafficking processes which migrate PS-ASOs from early to late endosomes. This EGFR-mediated process can also serve as an additional model to better understand the mechanism of intracellular uptake and endosomal release of PS-ASOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Wang
- Department of Core Antisense Research, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Nickolas Allen
- Department of Core Antisense Research, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Timothy A Vickers
- Department of Core Antisense Research, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Alexey S Revenko
- Department of Antisense Drug, Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Core Antisense Research, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Xue-Hai Liang
- Department of Core Antisense Research, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Stanley T Crooke
- Department of Core Antisense Research, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
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205
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EGF Receptor Stalls upon Activation as Evidenced by Complementary Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Recovery after Photobleaching Measurements. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133370. [PMID: 31323980 PMCID: PMC6650801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the molecular details of the activation-associated clustering of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs), the time course of the mobility and aggregation states of eGFP tagged EGFR in the membranes of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was assessed by in situ mobility assays. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) was used to probe molecular movements of small ensembles of molecules over short distances and time scales, and to report on the state of aggregation. The diffusion of larger ensembles of molecules over longer distances (and time scales) was investigated by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). Autocorrelation functions could be best fitted by a two-component diffusion model corrected for triplet formation and blinking. The slow, 100–1000 ms component was attributed to membrane localized receptors moving with free Brownian diffusion, whereas the fast, ms component was assigned to cytosolic receptors or their fragments. Upon stimulation with 50 nM EGF, a significant decrease from 0.11 to 0.07 μm2/s in the diffusion coefficient of membrane-localized receptors was observed, followed by recovery to the original value in ~20 min. In contrast, the apparent brightness of diffusing species remained the same. Stripe FRAP experiments yielded a decrease in long-range molecular mobility directly after stimulation, evidenced by an increase in the recovery time of the slow component from 13 to 21.9 s. Our observations are best explained by the transient attachment of ligand-bound EGFRs to immobile or slowly moving structures such as the cytoskeleton or large, previously photobleached receptor aggregates.
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206
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Gocheva G, Ivanova A. A Look at Receptor–Ligand Pairs for Active-Targeting Drug Delivery from Crystallographic and Molecular Dynamics Perspectives. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:3293-3321. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gergana Gocheva
- Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, 1 James Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Anela Ivanova
- Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, 1 James Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
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207
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Habibzadeh Mashatooki M, Abbasi A, Jahanbin Sardroodi J. In silico studies of the interaction of the colon cancer receptor and RNA aptamer adsorbed on (1 0 1) facet of TiO2 nanoparticle investigated by molecular dynamics simulation. ADSORPTION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10450-019-00126-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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208
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Diwanji D, Thaker T, Jura N. More than the sum of the parts: Toward full-length receptor tyrosine kinase structures. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:706-720. [PMID: 31046201 PMCID: PMC6531341 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Intercellular communication governs complex physiological processes ranging from growth and development to the maintenance of cellular and organ homeostasis. In nearly all metazoans, receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are central players in these diverse and fundamental signaling processes. Aberrant RTK signaling is at the root of many developmental diseases and cancers and it remains a key focus of targeted therapies, several of which have achieved considerable success in patients. These therapeutic advances in targeting RTKs have been propelled by numerous genetic, biochemical, and structural studies detailing the functions and molecular mechanisms of regulation and activation of RTKs. The latter in particular have proven to be instrumental for the development of new drugs, selective targeting of mutant forms of RTKs found in disease, and counteracting ensuing drug resistance. However, to this day, such studies have not yet yielded high-resolution structures of intact RTKs that encompass the extracellular and intracellular domains and the connecting membrane-spanning transmembrane domain. Technically challenging to obtain, these structures are instrumental to complete our understanding of the mechanisms by which RTKs are activated by extracellular ligands and of the effect of pathological mutations that do not directly reside in the catalytic sites of tyrosine kinase domains. In this review, we focus on the recent progress toward obtaining such structures and the insights already gained by structural studies of the subdomains of the receptors that belong to the epidermal growth factor receptor, insulin receptor, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor RTK families. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(6):706-720, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devan Diwanji
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Tarjani Thaker
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Natalia Jura
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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209
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Wang Z, Cheng L, Guo G, Cheng B, Hu S, Zhang H, Zhu Z, Niu L. Structural insight into a matured humanized monoclonal antibody HuA21 against HER2-overexpressing cancer cells. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2019; 75:554-563. [DOI: 10.1107/s2059798319006995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
HER2, a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family, has been associated with human breast, ovarian and gastric cancers. Anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have demonstrated clinical efficacy for HER2-overexpressing breast cancer. A chimeric antibody chA21 that specifically inhibits the growth of HER2-overexpressing cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo has previously been developed. To reduce a potential human anti-mouse immune response, the humanized antibody HuA21 was developed and was further subjected to affinity maturation by phage display on the basis of chA21. Here, the crystal structure of HuA21-scFv in complex with the extracellular domain of HER2 is reported, which demonstrates that HuA21 binds almost the same epitope as chA21 and also provides insight into how substitutions in HuA21 improve the binding affinity compared with chA21, which could facilitate structure-based optimization in the future. Furthermore, the effects of HuA21 variants with constant domains of different lengths were explored and it was noticed that the deletion of constant domain 1 could improve the inhibition efficacy in a cell-proliferation assay, possibly functioning via increased internalization, which might guide the design of other monoclonal antibodies.
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210
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Ye M, Jia W, Zhang C, Shen Q, Zhu L, Wang L. Preparation, identification and molecular docking study of novel osteoblast proliferation-promoting peptides from yak ( Bos grunniens) bones. RSC Adv 2019; 9:14627-14637. [PMID: 35516346 PMCID: PMC9064140 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00945k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to isolate and identify osteogenic bioactive peptides from yak bones collagen, while simultaneously investigating their underlying mechanisms for promoting osteoblast proliferation. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to investigate the effect of hydrolysis variables on the production of peptides with osteoblast proliferation-promoting activity (OPPA). The concentration of soluble peptides reached 0.5169 mg mL-1, which was well matched with the value (0.5189 mg mL-1) predicted by the model, with the following optimized conditions: hydrolysis time, 3.6 h; pH, 6.12; hydrolysis temperature, 54 °C; E/S (enzyme to substrate) of 5637 U g-1. Hydrolysates were then separated using an ultrafiltration membrane system, and the peptides (<3 kDa) possessed excellent OPPA with a dose-response relationship. A total of 59 novel peptides were identified by HPLC-MS/MS with Mascot analysis. GPSGPAGKDGRIGQPG (GP-16) and GDRGETGPAGPAGPIGPV (GD-18) were selected for docking to investigate the underlying mechanisms of interaction. The molecular docking study revealed that osteoblast proliferation stimulation activity of GP-16 and GD-18 was mainly attributed to the formation of very strong hydrogen bonds with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). These results indicate that such peptides are promising in the discovery of potential candidates for the future industrial production of functional peptides, which could be used in the mediated treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengliang Ye
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District Beijing 100193 China +86 10 6281 5950 +86 10 6281 9469
| | - Wei Jia
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District Beijing 100193 China +86 10 6281 5950 +86 10 6281 9469
- Inner Mongolia Tianqi Biotechnology Co., LTD Chifeng 024000 China
| | - Chunhui Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District Beijing 100193 China +86 10 6281 5950 +86 10 6281 9469
| | - Qingshan Shen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District Beijing 100193 China +86 10 6281 5950 +86 10 6281 9469
| | - Lingyu Zhu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District Beijing 100193 China +86 10 6281 5950 +86 10 6281 9469
- School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University Hefei 230036 China
| | - Lisha Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District Beijing 100193 China +86 10 6281 5950 +86 10 6281 9469
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211
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Khrustalev VV, Khrustaleva TA, Poboinev VV, Yurchenko KV. Mutational pressure and natural selection in epidermal growth factor receptor gene during germline and somatic mutagenesis in cancer cells. Mutat Res 2019; 815:1-9. [PMID: 30974384 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study we investigated nucleotide usage biases along the length of a gene encoding human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and found out that there had been mutational GC-pressure with stronger asymmetric C-pressure in that gene before the preferable direction of nucleotide mutations changed. Current preferable direction of germline mutations in EGFR gene has been estimated with the help of Ensembl data base of gene variations. Preferable direction of somatic mutations in EGFR gene from cancer cells has been estimated with the help of COSMIC data base. Both germline and somatic mutations in cancer cells have the same GC to AT preferable direction in EGFR gene. These data have been used with the aim to find fragments of EGFR gene that have lower probability of missense C to T and G to A transitions to occur. So, the less mutable parts of extracellular EGFR domain are: C-terminal part of the first beta barrel and the central part of the second beta barrel. The less mutable parts of tyrosine kinase EGFR domain are: ATP-binding site (partially), regulatory alpha helix, and fragments that change their secondary structure during the activation process. These parts of EGFR should be considered as the best targets for new types of therapy development. Such criterion as low mutability is especially important for the selection of targets for anti-tumor therapy, since we have detected positive selection of amino acid replacements during somatic mutagenesis of EGFR gene in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatyana Aleksandrovna Khrustaleva
- Biochemical Group of the Multidisciplinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Academicheskaya, 28, Minsk, Belarus
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212
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Shao Q, Zhu W. Ligand binding effects on the activation of the EGFR extracellular domain. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:8141-8151. [PMID: 30933195 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07496h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one of the most common target proteins in anti-cancer therapy. The binding of the EGF ligand to the EGFR extracellular domain (EGFR-ECD) promotes its inactive-to-active conformational transition (activation) but the relevant detailed mechanism remains elusive still. Here, the structural characterization and energetics of the EGFR-ECD conformational transition with and without the binding of the EGF are quantitatively explored using an innovative enhanced sampling MD simulation method. Intriguingly, the EGF offers hydrophobic interactions (e.g., EGF residues of Tyr44 and Leu47) and electrostatic interactions (e.g., the EGF residues of Glu5, Asp11, Asp17, and Arg41) to play a dominant role in dragging domain III to close the ligand binding domain gap. Subsequently, the correlation between domains III and II is enhanced through salt-bridges among Glu376, Arg403, and Arg405 from domain III and Glu293, Glu295, and Arg300 from domain II. Finally, the structural bending of domain II is regulated to facilitate the disengagement of domain II from domain IV. In this regard, the functional conformational transition of EGFR-ECD is a consequence of the cooperative motion of protein domains driven by the EGF ligand binding. The present study shows a detailed scenario of the EGF induced activation of EGFR-ECD and provides valuable information for drug discovery targeting the EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shao
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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213
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Martin-Fernandez ML, Clarke DT, Roberts SK, Zanetti-Domingues LC, Gervasio FL. Structure and Dynamics of the EGF Receptor as Revealed by Experiments and Simulations and Its Relevance to Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:E316. [PMID: 30959819 PMCID: PMC6523254 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is historically the prototypical receptor tyrosine kinase, being the first cloned and the first where the importance of ligand-induced dimer activation was ascertained. However, many years of structure determination has shown that EGFR is not completely understood. One challenge is that the many structure fragments stored at the PDB only provide a partial view because full-length proteins are flexible entities and dynamics play a key role in their functionality. Another challenge is the shortage of high-resolution data on functionally important higher-order complexes. Still, the interest in the structure/function relationships of EGFR remains unabated because of the crucial role played by oncogenic EGFR mutants in driving non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Despite targeted therapies against EGFR setting a milestone in the treatment of this disease, ubiquitous drug resistance inevitably emerges after one year or so of treatment. The magnitude of the challenge has inspired novel strategies. Among these, the combination of multi-disciplinary experiments and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations have been pivotal in revealing the basic nature of EGFR monomers, dimers and multimers, and the structure-function relationships that underpin the mechanisms by which EGFR dysregulation contributes to the onset of NSCLC and resistance to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa L Martin-Fernandez
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxford OX11 0QX, UK.
| | - David T Clarke
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxford OX11 0QX, UK.
| | - Selene K Roberts
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxford OX11 0QX, UK.
| | - Laura C Zanetti-Domingues
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxford OX11 0QX, UK.
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214
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Shears SB, Hayakawa Y. Functional Multiplicity of an Insect Cytokine Family Assists Defense Against Environmental Stress. Front Physiol 2019; 10:222. [PMID: 30967784 PMCID: PMC6439351 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread distribution of insects over many ecological niches owes much to evolution of multiple mechanisms to defend against environmental stress, especially because their ectothermic nature and small body size render them particularly susceptible to extremes in temperature and water availability. In this review, we will summarize the latest information describing a single, multifunctional cytokine family that is deployed by six orders of insect species to combat a diverse variety of environmental stresses. The originating member of this peptide family was identified in Mythimna (formerly called Pseudaletia) separata armyworm; the cytokine was named growth-blocking peptide (GBP), reflecting its actions in combating parasitic invasion. The peptide’s name has been retained, though the list of its regulatory activities has greatly expanded. All members of this family are small peptides, 19–25 amino acid residues, whose major source is fat body. They are now known to regulate embryonic morphogenesis, larval growth rates, feeding activities, immune responses, nutrition, and aging. In this review, we will describe recent developments in our understanding of the mechanisms of action of the GBP family, but we will also highlight remaining gaps in our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen B Shears
- Inositol Signalling Group, Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Yoichi Hayakawa
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Saga University, Saga, Japan
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215
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Sangpheak K, Tabtimmai L, Seetaha S, Rungnim C, Chavasiri W, Wolschann P, Choowongkomon K, Rungrotmongkol T. Biological Evaluation and Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Chalcone Derivatives as Epidermal Growth Factor-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061092. [PMID: 30897725 PMCID: PMC6471738 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted cancer therapy has become a high potential cancer treatment. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which plays an important role in cell signaling, enhanced cell survival and proliferation, has been suggested as molecular target for the development of novel cancer therapeutics. In this study, a series of chalcone derivatives was screened by in vitro cytotoxicity against the wild type (A431 and A549) and mutant EGFR (H1975 and H1650) cancer cell lines, and, subsequently, tested for EGFR-tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibition. From the experimental screening, all chalcones seemed to be more active against the A431 than the A549 cell line, with chalcones 1c, 2a, 3e, 4e, and 4t showing a more than 50% inhibitory activity against the EGFR-TK activity and a high cytotoxicity with IC50 values of < 10 µM against A431 cells. Moreover, these five chalcones showed more potent on H1975 (T790M/L858R mutation) than H1650 (exon 19 deletion E746-A750) cell lines. Only three chalcones (1c, 2a and 3e) had an inhibitory activity against EGFR-TK with a relative inhibition percentage that was close to the approved drug, erlotinib. Molecular dynamics studies on their complexes with EGFR-TK domain in aqueous solution affirmed that they were well-occupied within the ATP binding site and strongly interacted with seven hydrophobic residues, including the important hinge region residue M793. From the above information, as well as ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) properties, all three chalcones could serve as lead compounds for the development of EGFR-TK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanyani Sangpheak
- Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Lueacha Tabtimmai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10903, Thailand.
| | - Supaphorn Seetaha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10903, Thailand.
| | - Chompoonut Rungnim
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
| | - Warinthorn Chavasiri
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Peter Wolschann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria.
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria.
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Kiattawee Choowongkomon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10903, Thailand.
| | - Thanyada Rungrotmongkol
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
- Ph.D. Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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216
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Liu X, Liu S, Lyu H, Riker AI, Zhang Y, Liu B. Development of Effective Therapeutics Targeting HER3 for Cancer Treatment. Biol Proced Online 2019; 21:5. [PMID: 30930695 PMCID: PMC6425631 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-019-0093-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
HER3 is the third member of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER/EGFR) family, and unlike its other family members, is unique due to its minimal intrinsic kinase activity. As a result, HER3 has to interact with another receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), such as EGFR or HER2, in order to activate the PI-3 K/Akt, MEK/MAPK, Jak/Stat pathways, as well as Src kinase. Over-expression of HER3 in various human cancers promotes tumor progression by increasing metastatic potential and acting as a major cause of treatment failure. Effective inhibition of HER3, and/or the key downstream mediators of HER3 signaling, is thought to be required to overcome resistance and enhance therapeutic efficacy. To date, there is no known HER3-targeted therapy that is approved for breast cancer, with a number of anti-HER3 antibodies current in various stages of development and clinical testing. Recent data suggests that the epigenetic strategy of using a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, or functional cooperative miRNAs, may be an effective way to abrogate HER3 signaling. Here, we summarize the latest advances in our understanding of the mechanism of HER3 signaling in tumor progression, with continuing research towards the identification of therapeutic anti-HER3 antibodies. We will also examine the potential to develop novel epigenetic approaches that specifically target the HER3 receptor, along with important key downstream mediators that are involved in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Liu
- 1Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- 2Department of Genetics, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Hui Lyu
- 2Department of Genetics, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Adam I Riker
- 3Department of Surgery, Section of Surgical Oncology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Yamin Zhang
- 1Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bolin Liu
- 2Department of Genetics, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA USA
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217
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Zhao H, Martin E, Matalkah F, Shah N, Ivanov A, Ruppert JM, Lockman PR, Agazie YM. Conditional knockout of SHP2 in ErbB2 transgenic mice or inhibition in HER2-amplified breast cancer cell lines blocks oncogene expression and tumorigenesis. Oncogene 2019; 38:2275-2290. [PMID: 30467378 PMCID: PMC6440805 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0574-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is the cause of HER2-positive breast cancer (BC). Although HER2-inactivating therapies have benefited BC patients, development of resistance and disease recurrence have been the major clinical problems, pointing to a need for alternative therapeutic strategies. For that to happen, proteins that play critical roles in the biology of HER2-induced tumorigenesis have to be identified and characterized. Here, we show that the Src homology phosphotyrosyl phosphatase 2 (Shp2) encoded by the Ptpn11 gene is a requisite for ErbB2-induced tumorigenesis. We report that conditional knockout of Shp2 alleles in the ErbB2 BC model mice abrogates mammary tumorigenesis by blocking the expression of the ErbB2 transgene. We also show that inhibition of SHP2 encoded by the PTPN11 gene in the HER2-amplified BC cells induces a normal-like cellular phenotype and suppresses tumorigenesis and metastasis by blocking HER2 overexpression. These findings demonstrate that ErbB2-induced tumors in mice or xenograft tumors induced by transplantation of HER2-amplified BC cells are vulnerable to SHP2 inhibition since it abrogates the expression of the very oncogene that causes of the disease. This report paves the way for developing SHP2-targeting therapies for BC treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Elisha Martin
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Fatimah Matalkah
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Neal Shah
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Alexey Ivanov
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- WVU Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - J Michael Ruppert
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- WVU Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Paul R Lockman
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Yehenew M Agazie
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
- WVU Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
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218
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Tintelnot J, Baum N, Schultheiß C, Braig F, Trentmann M, Finter J, Fumey W, Bannas P, Fehse B, Riecken K, Schuetze K, Bokemeyer C, Rösner T, Valerius T, Peipp M, Koch-Nolte F, Binder M. Nanobody Targeting of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Ectodomain Variants Overcomes Resistance to Therapeutic EGFR Antibodies. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:823-833. [PMID: 30824613 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ectodomain variants mediating primary resistance or secondary treatment failure in cancer patients treated with cetuximab or panitumumab support the need for more resistance-preventive or personalized ways of targeting this essential pathway. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the EGFR nanobody 7D12 fused to an IgG1 Fc portion (7D12-hcAb) would overcome EGFR ectodomain-mediated resistance because it targets a very small binding epitope within domain III of EGFR. Indeed, we found that 7D12-hcAb bound and inhibited all tested cell lines expressing common resistance-mediating EGFR ectodomain variants. Moreover, we assessed receptor functionality and binding properties in synthetic mutants of the 7D12-hcAb epitope to model resistance to 7D12-hcAb. Because the 7D12-hcAb epitope almost completely overlaps with the EGF-binding site, only position R377 could be mutated without simultaneous loss of receptor functionality, suggesting a low risk of developing secondary resistance toward 7D12-hcAb. Our binding data indicated that if 7D12-hcAb resistance mutations occurred in position R377, which is located within the cetuximab and panitumumab epitope, cells expressing these receptor variants would retain sensitivity to these antibodies. However, 7D12-hcAb was equally ineffective as cetuximab in killing cells expressing the cetuximab/panitumumab-resistant aberrantly N-glycosylated EGFR R521K variant. Yet, this resistance could be overcome by introducing mutations into the Fc portion of 7D12-hcAb, which enhanced immune effector functions and thereby allowed killing of cells expressing this variant. Taken together, our data demonstrate a broad range of activity of 7D12-hcAb across cells expressing different EGFR variants involved in primary and secondary EGFR antibody resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Tintelnot
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Natalie Baum
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schultheiß
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friederike Braig
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marie Trentmann
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Finter
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Obstetrics and Pediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - William Fumey
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Bannas
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Boris Fehse
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristoffer Riecken
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schuetze
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thies Rösner
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine ll, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Valerius
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine ll, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Peipp
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine ll, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Friedrich Koch-Nolte
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mascha Binder
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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219
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Maeda R, Sato T, Okamoto K, Yanagawa M, Sako Y. Lipid-Protein Interplay in Dimerization of Juxtamembrane Domains of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor. Biophys J 2019; 114:893-903. [PMID: 29490249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane (TM) helix and juxtamembrane (JM) domains (TM-JM) bridge the extracellular and intracellular domains of single-pass membrane proteins, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). TM-JM dimerization plays a crucial role in regulation of EGFR kinase activity at the cytoplasmic side. Although the interaction of JM with membrane lipids is thought to be important to turn on EGF signaling, and phosphorylation of Thr654 on JM leads to desensitization, the underlying kinetic mechanisms remain unclear. In particular, how Thr654 phosphorylation regulates EGFR activity is largely unknown. Here, combining single-pair FRET imaging and nanodisc techniques, we showed that phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bis phosphate (PIP2) facilitated JM dimerization effectively. We also found that Thr654 phosphorylation dissociated JM dimers in the membranes containing acidic lipids, suggesting that Thr654 phosphorylation electrostatically prevented the interaction with basic residues in JM and acidic lipids. Based on the single-molecule experiment, we clarified the kinetic pathways of the monomer (inactive state)-to-dimer (active state) transition of JM domains and alteration in the pathways depending on the membrane lipid species and Thr654 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Maeda
- Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sato
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5, Misasagi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, Japan; Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Okamoto
- Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Japan
| | | | - Yasushi Sako
- Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Japan.
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220
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Hossein-Nejad-Ariani H, Althagafi E, Kaur K. Small Peptide Ligands for Targeting EGFR in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2723. [PMID: 30804365 PMCID: PMC6389950 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38574-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of chemotherapy for cancer treatment can be increased by targeted drug delivery to the cancer cells. This is particularly important for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) for which chemotherapy is a major form of treatment. Here we designed and screened a library of 30 peptides starting with a previously reported epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) targeting peptide GE11 (YHWYGYTPQNVI). A direct peptide array-whole cell binding assay, where the peptides are conjugated to a cellulose membrane, was used to identify four peptides with enhanced binding to TNBC cells. Next, the four peptides were synthesized as FITC-labelled soluble peptides to study their direct uptake by TNBC cells using flow cytometry. The results showed that peptide analogue 22 had several fold higher uptake by the TNBC cells compared to the lead peptide GE11. The specific uptake of the peptide analogue 22 was confirmed by competition experiment using pure EGF protein. Further, peptide 22 showed dose dependent uptake by the TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells (105) with uptake saturating at around 2 μM peptide concentration. Thus, peptide 22 is a promising EGFR specific TNBC cell binding peptide that can be conjugated directly to a chemotherapeutic drug or to nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy for TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Hossein-Nejad-Ariani
- Chapman University School of Pharmacy (CUSP), Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Chapman University, Irvine, California, 92618-1908, USA
| | - Emad Althagafi
- Chapman University School of Pharmacy (CUSP), Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Chapman University, Irvine, California, 92618-1908, USA
| | - Kamaljit Kaur
- Chapman University School of Pharmacy (CUSP), Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Chapman University, Irvine, California, 92618-1908, USA.
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221
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Counting growth factors in single cells with infrared quantum dots to measure discrete stimulation distributions. Nat Commun 2019; 10:909. [PMID: 30796217 PMCID: PMC6385258 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08754-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The distribution of single-cell properties across a population of cells can be measured using diverse tools, but no technology directly quantifies the biochemical stimulation events regulating these properties. Here we report digital counting of growth factors in single cells using fluorescent quantum dots and calibrated three-dimensional deconvolution microscopy (QDC-3DM) to reveal physiologically relevant cell stimulation distributions. We calibrate the fluorescence intensities of individual compact quantum dots labeled with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and demonstrate the necessity of near-infrared emission to overcome intrinsic cellular autofluoresence at the single-molecule level. When applied to human triple-negative breast cancer cells, we observe proportionality between stimulation and both receptor internalization and inhibitor response, reflecting stimulation heterogeneity contributions to intrinsic variability. We anticipate that QDC-3DM can be applied to analyze any peptidic ligand to reveal single-cell correlations between external stimulation and phenotypic variability, cell fate, and drug response. Measuring growth factors in single cells at physiologically relevant stimulation doses is challenging. Here the authors use fluorescent quantum dots and calibrated three-dimensional deconvolution microscopy to digitally count growth factors in single cells and reveal stimulation distributions in cancer cells.
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222
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Wang M, Ferreira RB, Law ME, Davis BJ, Yaaghubi E, Ghilardi AF, Sharma A, Avery BA, Rodriguez E, Chiang CW, Narayan S, Heldermon CD, Castellano RK, Law BK. A novel proteotoxic combination therapy for EGFR+ and HER2+ cancers. Oncogene 2019; 38:4264-4282. [PMID: 30718919 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0717-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
While HER2 and EGFR are overexpressed in breast cancers and multiple other types of tumors, the use of EGFR and/or HER2 inhibitors have failed to cure many cancer patients, largely because cancers acquire resistance to HER2/EGFR-specific drugs. Cancers that overexpress the HER-family proteins EGFR, HER2, and HER3 are uniquely sensitive to agents that disrupt HER2 and EGFR protein folding. We previously showed that disruption of disulfide bond formation by Disulfide Disrupting Agents (DDAs) kills HER2/EGFR overexpressing cells through multiple mechanisms. Herein, we show that interference with proline isomerization in HER2/EGFR overexpressing cells also induces cancer cell death. The peptidyl-prolyl isomerase inhibitor Cyclosporine A (CsA) selectively kills EGFR+ or HER2+ breast cancer cells in vitro by activating caspase-dependent apoptotic pathways. Further, CsA synergizes with the DDA tcyDTDO to kill HER2/EGFR overexpressing cells in vitro and the two agents cooperate to kill HER2+ tumors in vivo. There is a critical need for novel strategies to target HER2+ and EGFR+ cancers that are resistant to currently available mechanism-based agents. Drugs that target HER2/EGFR protein folding, including DDAs and CsA, have the potential to kill cancers that overexpress EGFR or HER2 through the induction of proteostatic synthetic lethality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxiong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Renan B Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Mary E Law
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Bradley J Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Elham Yaaghubi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Amanda F Ghilardi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Abhisheak Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Bonnie A Avery
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Edgardo Rodriguez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Chi-Wu Chiang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine and Center for Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Satya Narayan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.,UF-Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Coy D Heldermon
- UF-Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Ronald K Castellano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA. .,UF-Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| | - Brian K Law
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA. .,UF-Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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223
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Mehner C, Radisky ES. Bad Tumors Made Worse: SPINK1. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:10. [PMID: 30778387 PMCID: PMC6369215 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Mehner
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Evette S Radisky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL, United States
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224
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Clarke DT, Martin-Fernandez ML. A Brief History of Single-Particle Tracking of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor. Methods Protoc 2019; 2:mps2010012. [PMID: 31164594 PMCID: PMC6481046 DOI: 10.3390/mps2010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-particle tracking (SPT) has been used and developed over the last 25 years as a method to investigate molecular dynamics, structure, interactions, and function in the cellular context. SPT is able to show how fast and how far individual molecules move, identify different dynamic populations, measure the duration and strength of intermolecular interactions, and map out structures on the nanoscale in cells. In combination with other techniques such as macromolecular crystallography and molecular dynamics simulation, it allows us to build models of complex structures, and develop and test hypotheses of how these complexes perform their biological roles in health as well as in disease states. Here, we use the example of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which has been studied extensively by SPT, demonstrating how the method has been used to increase our understanding of the receptor’s organization and function, including its interaction with the plasma membrane, its activation, clustering, and oligomerization, and the role of other receptors and endocytosis. The examples shown demonstrate how SPT might be employed in the investigation of other biomolecules and systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Clarke
- STFC Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK.
| | - Marisa L Martin-Fernandez
- STFC Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK.
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225
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Quinn SD, Srinivasan S, Gordon JB, He W, Carraway KL, Coleman MA, Schlau-Cohen GS. Single-Molecule Fluorescence Detection of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Membrane Discs. Biochemistry 2019; 58:286-294. [PMID: 29553754 PMCID: PMC6173994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is critical to normal cellular signaling pathways. Moreover, it has been implicated in a range of pathologies, including cancer. As a result, it is the primary target of many anticancer drugs. One limitation to the design and development of these drugs has been the lack of molecular-level information about the interactions and conformational dynamics of EGFR. To overcome this limitation, this work reports the construction and characterization of functional, fluorescently labeled, and full-length EGFR in model membrane nanolipoprotein particles (NLPs) for in vitro fluorescence studies. To demonstrate the utility of the system, we investigate ATP-EGFR interactions. We observe that ATP binds at the catalytic site providing a means to measure a range of distances between the catalytic site and the C-terminus via Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). These ATP-based experiments suggest a range of conformations of the C-terminus that may be a function of the phosphorylation state for EGFR. This work is a proof-of-principle demonstration of single-molecule studies as a noncrystallographic assay for EGFR interactions in real-time and under near-physiological conditions. The diverse nature of EGFR interactions means that new tools at the molecular level have the potential to significantly enhance our understanding of receptor pathology and are of utmost importance for cancer-related drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D. Quinn
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139
| | - Shwetha Srinivasan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139
| | - Jesse B. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139
| | - Wei He
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
| | - Kermit L. Carraway
- University of California Davis School of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Matthew A. Coleman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
- University of California Davis School of Medicine, Radiation Oncology, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Gabriela S. Schlau-Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139
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226
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Turowec JP, Lau EWT, Wang X, Brown KR, Fellouse FA, Jawanda KK, Pan J, Moffat J, Sidhu SS. Functional genomic characterization of a synthetic anti-HER3 antibody reveals a role for ubiquitination by RNF41 in the anti-proliferative response. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:1396-1409. [PMID: 30523157 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases is involved in the progression of many cancers. Antibodies targeting the dimerization domains of family members EGFR and HER2 are approved cancer therapeutics, but efficacy is restricted to a subset of tumors and resistance often develops in response to treatment. A third family member, HER3, heterodimerizes with both EGFR and HER2 and has also been implicated in cancer. Consequently, there is strong interest in developing antibodies that target HER3, but to date, no therapeutics have been approved. To aid the development of anti-HER3 antibodies as cancer therapeutics, we combined antibody engineering and functional genomics screens to identify putative mechanisms of resistance or synthetic lethality with antibody-mediated anti-proliferative effects. We developed a synthetic antibody called IgG 95, which binds to HER3 and promotes ubiquitination, internalization, and receptor down-regulation. Using an shRNA library targeting enzymes in the ubiquitin proteasome system, we screened for genes that effect response to IgG 95 and uncovered the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF41 as a driver of IgG 95 anti-proliferative activity. RNF41 has been shown previously to regulate HER3 levels under normal conditions and we now show that it is also responsible for down-regulation of HER3 upon treatment with IgG 95. Moreover, our findings suggest that down-regulation of RNF41 itself may be a mechanism for acquired resistance to treatment with IgG 95 and perhaps other anti-HER3 antibodies. Our work deepens our understanding of HER3 signaling by uncovering the mechanistic basis for the anti-proliferative effects of potential anti-HER3 antibody therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob P Turowec
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Department of Medical Genetics, The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Esther W T Lau
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Department of Medical Genetics, The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Department of Medical Genetics, The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Kevin R Brown
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Department of Medical Genetics, The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Frederic A Fellouse
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Department of Medical Genetics, The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Kamaldeep K Jawanda
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Department of Medical Genetics, The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - James Pan
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Department of Medical Genetics, The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Jason Moffat
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Department of Medical Genetics, The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada.
| | - Sachdev S Sidhu
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Department of Medical Genetics, The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada.
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Showalter LE, Oechsle C, Ghimirey N, Steele C, Czerniecki BJ, Koski GK. Th1 cytokines sensitize HER-expressing breast cancer cells to lapatinib. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210209. [PMID: 30657766 PMCID: PMC6338365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The HER family of receptor tyrosine kinases has been linked to deregulation of growth and proliferation for multiple types of cancer. Members have therefore become thefocus of many drug and immune-based therapy innovations. The targeted anti-cancer agent, lapatinib, is a small molecule inhibitor that directly interferes with EGFR (HER-1)and HER-2 signaling, and indirectly reduces HER-3 signaling, thus suppressing important downstream events. A recently-developed dendritic cell-based vaccine against early breast cancer (ductal carcinoma in situ; DCIS) that generates strong Th1-dominated immunity against HER-2 has induced pathologic complete response in about one-third of immunized individuals. In vitro studies suggested cytokines secreted by Th1 cells could be major contributors to the vaccine effects including induction of apoptosis and suppression of HER expression. With a view toward improving complete response rates, we investigated whether the principle Th1 cytokines (IFN-γ and TNF-α) could act in concert with lapatinib to suppress activity of breast cancer lines in vitro. Lapatinib-sensitive SKBR3, MDA-MB-468 and BT474 cells were incubated with Th1 cytokines, lapatinib, or both. It was found that combined treatment maximized metabolic suppression(Alamar Blue assay), as well as cell death (Trypan Blue) and apoptosis(Annexin V/Propidium Iodide and TMRE staining). Combined drug plus cytokine treatment also maximized suppression of both total and phosphorylated forms of HER-2 and HER-3. Interestingly, when lapatinib resistant lines MDA-MB-453 and JIMT-1 were tested, it was found that the presence of Th1 cytokines appeared to enhance sensitivity for lapatinib-induced metabolic suppression and induction of apoptotic cell death, nearly abrogating drug resistance. These studies provide pre-clinical data suggesting the possibility that targeted drug therapy may be combined with vaccination to enhance anti-cancer effects, and furthermore that robust immunity in the form of secreted Th1 cytokines may have the capacity to mitigate resistance to targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loral E. Showalter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States of America
| | - Crystal Oechsle
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States of America
| | - Nirmala Ghimirey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States of America
| | - Chase Steele
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States of America
| | - Brian J. Czerniecki
- Department of Breast Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Gary K. Koski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States of America
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228
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Ren S, Sun X, Wang H, Nguyen TH, Sadeghipour N, Xu X, Kang CS, Liu Y, Xu H, Wu N, Chen Y, Tichauer K, Minh DDL, Chong HS. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Polyaminocarboxylate Ligand-Based Theranostic Conjugates for Antibody-Targeted Cancer Therapy and Near-Infrared Optical Imaging. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:2606-2617. [PMID: 30403833 PMCID: PMC6324731 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We report the design, synthesis, and evaluation of polyaminocarboxylate ligand-based antibody conjugates for potential application in targeted cancer therapy and near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging. We synthesized a new polyaminocarboxylate chelate (CAB-NE3TA) as a potential anticancer agent. CAB-NE3TA displayed potent inhibitory activities against various cancer cell lines. We then designed a multifunctional theranostic platform (CAB-NE3TA-PAN-IR800) constructed on an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted antibody (panitumumab, PAN) labeled with a NIR fluorescent dye. We also built the first atomistic model of the EGFR-PAN complex and loaded it with the cytotoxic CAB-NE3TA and the NIR dye. The therapeutic (CAB-NE3TA-PAN) and theranostic (CAB-NE3TA-PAN-IR800) conjugates were evaluated using an EGFR-positive A431 (human skin cancer) cell xenograft mouse model. Biodistribution studies using NIR fluorescence imaging demonstrated that the CAB-NE3TA-PAN labeled with the IR800 dye selectively targeted the A431 tumors in mice and resulted in prolonged retention in the tumor tissue and displayed excellent clearance in blood and normal organs. The therapeutic conjugate was capable of significantly inhibiting tumor growth, leading to nearly complete disappearance of tumors in the mice. The results of our pilot in vivo studies support further evaluation of the novel ligand-based therapeutic and theranostic conjugates for targeted iron chelation cancer therapy and imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Ren
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiang Sun
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Haixing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Trung Hai Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Negar Sadeghipour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Armour College of Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiaochun Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Armour College of Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chi Soo Kang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yujie Liu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hua Xu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ningjie Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yanda Chen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kenneth Tichauer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Armour College of Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David D. L. Minh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hyun-Soon Chong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
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229
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Lin CM, Usama SM, Burgess K. Site-Specific Labeling of Proteins with Near-IR Heptamethine Cyanine Dyes. Molecules 2018; 23:E2900. [PMID: 30405016 PMCID: PMC6278338 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Convenient labeling of proteins is important for observing its function under physiological conditions. In tissues particularly, heptamethine cyanine dyes (Cy-7) are valuable because they absorb in the near-infrared (NIR) region (750⁻900 nm) where light penetration is maximal. In this work, we found Cy-7 dyes with a meso-Cl functionality covalently binding to proteins with free Cys residues under physiological conditions (aqueous environments, at near neutral pH, and 37 °C). It transpired that the meso-Cl of the dye was displaced by free thiols in protein, while nucleophilic side-chains from amino acids like Tyr, Lys, and Ser did not react. This finding shows a new possibility for convenient and selective labeling of proteins with NIR fluorescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Ming Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, Box 30012, College Station, TX 77842, USA.
| | - Syed Muhammad Usama
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, Box 30012, College Station, TX 77842, USA.
| | - Kevin Burgess
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, Box 30012, College Station, TX 77842, USA.
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230
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Ungewiß H, Rötzer V, Meir M, Fey C, Diefenbacher M, Schlegel N, Waschke J. Dsg2 via Src-mediated transactivation shapes EGFR signaling towards cell adhesion. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:4251-4268. [PMID: 29980799 PMCID: PMC11105603 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2869-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Rapidly renewing epithelial tissues such as the intestinal epithelium require precise tuning of intercellular adhesion and proliferation to preserve barrier integrity. Here, we provide evidence that desmoglein 2 (Dsg2), an adhesion molecule of desmosomes, controls cell adhesion and proliferation via epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. Dsg2 is required for EGFR localization at intercellular junctions as well as for Src-mediated EGFR activation. Src binds to EGFR and is required for localization of EGFR and Dsg2 to cell-cell contacts. EGFR is critical for cell adhesion and barrier recovery. In line with this, Dsg2-deficient enterocytes display impaired barrier properties and increased cell proliferation. Mechanistically, Dsg2 directly interacts with EGFR and undergoes heterotypic-binding events on the surface of living enterocytes via its extracellular domain as revealed by atomic force microscopy. Thus, our study reveals a new mechanism by which Dsg2 via Src shapes EGFR function towards cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Ungewiß
- Department I, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Vera Rötzer
- Department I, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Meir
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christina Fey
- Department for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Diefenbacher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biochemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Schlegel
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jens Waschke
- Department I, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 11, 80336, Munich, Germany.
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231
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Zanetti-Domingues LC, Korovesis D, Needham SR, Tynan CJ, Sagawa S, Roberts SK, Kuzmanic A, Ortiz-Zapater E, Jain P, Roovers RC, Lajevardipour A, van Bergen En Henegouwen PMP, Santis G, Clayton AHA, Clarke DT, Gervasio FL, Shan Y, Shaw DE, Rolfe DJ, Parker PJ, Martin-Fernandez ML. The architecture of EGFR's basal complexes reveals autoinhibition mechanisms in dimers and oligomers. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4325. [PMID: 30337523 PMCID: PMC6193980 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06632-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Our current understanding of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) autoinhibition is based on X-ray structural data of monomer and dimer receptor fragments and does not explain how mutations achieve ligand-independent phosphorylation. Using a repertoire of imaging technologies and simulations we reveal an extracellular head-to-head interaction through which ligand-free receptor polymer chains of various lengths assemble. The architecture of the head-to-head interaction prevents kinase-mediated dimerisation. The latter, afforded by mutation or intracellular treatments, splits the autoinhibited head-to-head polymers to form stalk-to-stalk flexible non-extended dimers structurally coupled across the plasma membrane to active asymmetric tyrosine kinase dimers, and extended dimers coupled to inactive symmetric kinase dimers. Contrary to the previously proposed main autoinhibitory function of the inactive symmetric kinase dimer, our data suggest that only dysregulated species bear populations of symmetric and asymmetric kinase dimers that coexist in equilibrium at the plasma membrane under the modulation of the C-terminal domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Zanetti-Domingues
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxford, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Dimitrios Korovesis
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxford, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Sarah R Needham
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxford, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Christopher J Tynan
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxford, OX11 0QX, UK
| | | | - Selene K Roberts
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxford, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Antonija Kuzmanic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Maths & Physical Sciences, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Peter Gore Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Kings College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Purvi Jain
- Division of Cell Biology, Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Rob C Roovers
- Merus, LSI, Yalelaan 62, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alireza Lajevardipour
- Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | | | - George Santis
- Peter Gore Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Kings College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Andrew H A Clayton
- Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - David T Clarke
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxford, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Francesco L Gervasio
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Maths & Physical Sciences, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Yibing Shan
- D. E. Shaw Research, New York, NY, 10036, USA
| | - David E Shaw
- D. E. Shaw Research, New York, NY, 10036, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Daniel J Rolfe
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxford, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Peter J Parker
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW 1 1AT, UK
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Marisa L Martin-Fernandez
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxford, OX11 0QX, UK.
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232
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Bergado Báez G, Hernández Fernández DR, Mazorra Herrera Z, Sánchez Ramírez B. HER1-based vaccine: Simultaneous activation of humoral and cellular immune response. Semin Oncol 2018; 45:75-83. [PMID: 30318087 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The human epidermal growth factor receptor 1 (HER1) is a tumor-associated antigen that has been validated as a clinical target for several passive, non-immune therapies currently approved for the treatment of epithelial tumors. HER1 is an oncogene that not only promotes tumor progression and survival, but also immune escape. Its overexpression in some epithelial malignancies has been correlated with a poor prognosis. We developed an approach to target HER1 by specific active immunotherapy, recognizing the extracellular domain of the receptor, using a combination of VSSP and Montanide ISA 51 as adjuvants. We summarize the results obtained with this vaccine in both the preclinical and clinical settings, emphasizing the importance of the induction of both humoral and cellular responses for the success of cancer vaccines as safe therapeutic alternatives for the treatment of cancer.
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233
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Naik H, Gauthier T, Singh S, Jois S. Design of novel lipidated peptidomimetic conjugates for targeting EGFR heterodimerization in HER2 + cancer. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3506-3513. [PMID: 30314880 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family is known to be involved in cell signaling pathways. The extracellular domain of EGFR consists of four domains, of which domain II and domain IV are known to be involved in the dimerization process. Overexpression of these receptors is known to play a significant role in heterodimerization of these receptors leading to the development of cancer. We have designed peptidomimetic molecules to inhibit the EGFR heterodimerization interaction that have shown antiproliferative activity and specificity for HER2-positive cancer cell lines. Among these, a peptidomimetic, compound 5, exhibited antiproliferative activity at low nanomolar concentrations in HER2-overexpressing cancer cell lines. To improve the stability of this peptidomimetic, we have designed and synthesized a novel conjugate of peptidomimetic compound 5 with a lipid, stearic acid. The antiproliferative activity of this conjugate was evaluated in HER2-positive cancer cell lines. Results suggested that the conjugate exhibited selective antiproliferative activity in HER2-overexpressing breast and lung cancer cell lines and was able to block HER2:HER3 heterodimerization. Also, the conjugate showed improved stability with a half-life of 5 h in human serum compared to the half-life of 2 h for parent compound 5. The binding affinity of the conjugate to HER2 protein was evaluated by SPR analysis, and the mode of binding of the lipid conjugate to domain IV of HER2 protein was demonstrated by docking analysis. Thus, this novel lipid conjugate can be used to target HER2-overexpressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himgauri Naik
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, United States
| | - Ted Gauthier
- Biotechnology Laboratory, LSU AgCenter, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
| | - Sitanshu Singh
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, United States
| | - Seetharama Jois
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, United States.
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234
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Guardiola S, Varese M, Sánchez-Navarro M, Vincke C, Teixidó M, García J, Muyldermans S, Giralt E. Blocking EGFR Activation with Anti-EGF Nanobodies via Two Distinct Molecular Recognition Mechanisms. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13843-13847. [PMID: 30152597 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of cancer is the overproduction of growth factors such as EGF. Despite the clinical success achieved by EGFR-targeted therapies, their long-term efficacy is compromised by the onset of drug-resistant mutations. To address this issue, a family of camelid-derived single-domain antibodies (Nbs) were generated, obtaining the first direct EGF inhibitors that prevent EGFR phosphorylation and pathway activation through this new mechanism of action. The two best Nbs were subjected to a detailed investigation of their interaction mechanism that revealed important differences in their binding kinetics and equilibrium thermodynamics. These distinct behaviors at the biophysical level translate into an equally efficient inhibition of the cellular EGFR phosphorylation, thus proving the efficacy of these Nbs to turn off the initiation of this key oncogenic pathway in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Guardiola
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica Varese
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Macarena Sánchez-Navarro
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cécile Vincke
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Meritxell Teixidó
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús García
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Serge Muyldermans
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ernest Giralt
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Spain
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235
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Guardiola S, Varese M, Sánchez‐Navarro M, Vincke C, Teixidó M, García J, Muyldermans S, Giralt E. Blocking EGFR Activation with Anti‐EGF Nanobodies via Two Distinct Molecular Recognition Mechanisms. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Guardiola
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Baldiri Reixac, 10 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Monica Varese
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Baldiri Reixac, 10 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Macarena Sánchez‐Navarro
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Baldiri Reixac, 10 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Cécile Vincke
- Cellular and Molecular ImmunologyVrije Universiteit Brussel 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Meritxell Teixidó
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Baldiri Reixac, 10 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Jesús García
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Baldiri Reixac, 10 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Serge Muyldermans
- Cellular and Molecular ImmunologyVrije Universiteit Brussel 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Ernest Giralt
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Baldiri Reixac, 10 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Department of Inorganic and Organic ChemistryUniversity of Barcelona Spain
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236
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Si P, Xu Y, Ouyang T, Li J, Wang T, Fan Z, Fan T, Lin B, Xie Y. Association between HER2 germline mutation A270S and prognosis in patients with primary breast cancer. Cancer Biomark 2018; 23:165-171. [PMID: 30175972 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the association between the HER2 germline mutation Ala270Ser (A270S), located in HER2 extracellular domain, and survival in breast cancer patients. METHODS HER2 germline mutation A270S was identified in 5395 consecutive patients with operable primary breast cancer using direct Sanger sequencing analysis. Survival curves for patients with HER2 A270S mutation were compared using the Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank test. RESULTS We identified that 31 cases carried HER2 germline mutation A270S in 5395 patients (0.6%, 31/5395). The HER2 A270S mutation was significantly associated with recurrence-free survival (RFS) and distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS) in the entire cohort of 5395 patients (RFS, unadjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 2.23; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00-5.00; P= 0.045; DRFS, unadjusted HR = 2.80; 95% CI = 1.25-6.28; P= 0.009). Among the HER2-negative patients (n= 3825), those with the HER2 A270S mutation had a significantly worse RFS (unadjusted HR = 3.19; 95% CI = 1.42-7.16; P= 0.003) and DRFS (unadjusted HR = 3.98; 95% CI = 1.77-8.96; P< 0.001) than did those with wild type. Moreover, the A270S mutation remained an independent unfavorable factor for RFS and DRFS in the HER2-negative patients (RFS, HR = 3.30; 95% CI = 1.34-8.10; P= 0.009; DRFS, HR = 4.26; 95% CI = 1.73-10.47; P= 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Breast cancer patients with the HER2 germline mutation A270S had a worse survival, especially in HER2-negative patients. Therefore, HER2-negative patients with a HER2 germline mutation A270S might be potential candidates for HER2-targeted therapy.
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237
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Mitchell RA, Luwor RB, Burgess AW. Epidermal growth factor receptor: Structure-function informing the design of anticancer therapeutics. Exp Cell Res 2018; 371:1-19. [PMID: 30098332 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Research on the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family and the family of receptors (EGFR) has progressed rapidly in recent times. New crystal structures of the ectodomains with different ligands, the activation of the kinase domain through oligomerisation and the use of fluorescence techniques have revealed profound conformational changes on ligand binding. The control of cell signaling from the EGFR-family is complex, with heterodimerisation, ligand affinity and signaling cross-talk influencing cellular outcomes. Analysis of tissue homeostasis indicates that the control of pro-ligand processing is likely to be as important as receptor activation events. Several members of the EGFR-family are overexpressed and/or mutated in cancer cells. The perturbation of EGFR-family signaling drives the malignant phenotype of many cancers and both inhibitors and antagonists of signaling from these receptors have already produced therapeutic benefits for patients. The design of affibodies, antibodies, small molecule inhibitors and even immunotherapeutic drugs targeting the EGFR-family has yielded promising new approaches to improving outcomes for cancer patients. In this review, we describe recent discoveries which have increased our understanding of the structure and dynamics of signaling from the EGFR-family, the roles of ligand processing and receptor cross-talk. We discuss the relevance of these studies to the development of strategies for designing more effective targeted treatments for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth A Mitchell
- Structural Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Rodney B Luwor
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Antony W Burgess
- Structural Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.
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Mehrabi M, Mahdiuni H, Rasouli H, Mansouri K, Shahlaei M, Khodarahmi R. Comparative experimental/theoretical studies on the EGFR dimerization under the effect of EGF/EGF analogues binding: Highlighting the importance of EGF/EGFR interactions at site III interface. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 115:401-417. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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239
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Macdonald-Obermann JL, Pike LJ. Allosteric regulation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor ligand binding by tyrosine kinase inhibitors. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:13401-13414. [PMID: 29997256 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor is a classical receptor tyrosine kinase with an extracellular ligand-binding domain and an intracellular kinase domain. Mutations in the EGF receptor have been shown to drive uncontrolled cell growth and are associated with a number of different tumors. Two different types of ATP-competitive EGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been identified that bind to either the active (type I) or inactive (type II) conformation of the kinase domain. Despite the fact that both types of inhibitors block tyrosine kinase activity, they exhibit differential efficacies in different tumor types. Here, we show that in addition to inhibiting kinase activity, these inhibitors allosterically modulate ligand binding. Our data suggest that the conformations of the EGF receptor extracellular domain and intracellular kinase domain are coupled and that these conformations exist in equilibrium. Allosteric regulators, such as the small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors, as well as mutations in the EGF receptor itself, shift the conformational equilibrium among the active and inactive species, leading to changes in EGF receptor-binding affinity. Our studies also reveal unexpected positive cooperativity between EGF receptor subunits in dimers formed in the presence of type II inhibitors. These findings indicate that there is strong functional coupling between the intracellular and extracellular domains of this receptor. Such coupling may impact the therapeutic synergy between small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Macdonald-Obermann
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Linda J Pike
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
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240
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Understanding the biology of HER3 receptor as a therapeutic target in human cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2018; 8:503-510. [PMID: 30109175 PMCID: PMC6090011 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
HER3 belongs to the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family which also includes HER1/EGFR/erbB1, HER2/erbB2, and HER4/erbB4. As a unique member of the HER family, HER3 lacks or has little intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity. It frequently co-expresses and forms heterodimers with other receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in cancer cells to activate oncogenic signaling, especially the PI-3K/Akt pathway and Src kinase. Elevated expression of HER3 has been observed in a wide variety of human cancers and associates with a worse survival in cancer patients with solid tumors. Studies on the underlying mechanism implicate HER3 expression as a major cause of treatment failure in cancer therapy. Activation of HER3 signaling has also been shown to promote cancer metastasis. These data strongly support the notion that therapeutic inactivation of HER3 and/or its downstream signaling is required to overcome treatment resistance and improve the outcomes of cancer patients.
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Key Words
- ADCC, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
- Ab, antibody
- Cell signaling
- Dimerization
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- HER, Human epidermal growth factor receptor
- HER3
- HRG, heregulin
- IGF-1R, insulin-like growth factor-I receptor
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MEK, MAPK kinase
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- OS, overall survival
- PI-3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase
- RTK, receptor tyrosine kinase
- TKI, tyrosine kinase inhibitor
- Targeted therapy
- Therapeutic resistance
- Tumor metastasis
- lncRNA, long ncRNA
- miRNA, microRNA
- ncRNA, noncoding RNA
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241
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Oganesyan V, Peng L, Bee JS, Li J, Perry SR, Comer F, Xu L, Cook K, Senthil K, Clarke L, Rosenthal K, Gao C, Damschroder M, Wu H, Dall'Acqua W. Structural insights into the mechanism of action of a biparatopic anti-HER2 antibody. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:8439-8448. [PMID: 29669810 PMCID: PMC5986207 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.818013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathways of human epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors are activated upon ligand-dependent or -independent homo- or heterodimerization and their subsequent transphosphorylation. Overexpression of these receptors positively correlates with transphosphorylation rates and increased tumor growth rates. MEDI4276, an anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) biparatopic antibody-drug conjugate, has two paratopes within each antibody arm. One, 39S, is aiming at the HER2 site involved in receptor dimerization and the second, single chain fragment (scFv), mimicking trastuzumab. Here we present the cocrystal structure of the 39S Fab-HER2 complex and, along with biophysical and functional assays, determine the corresponding epitope of MEDI4276 and its underlying mechanism of action. Our results reveal that MEDI4276's uniqueness is based first on the ability of its 39S paratope to block HER2 homo- or heterodimerization and second on its ability to cluster the receptors on the surface of receptor-overexpressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaheh Oganesyan
- From the Departments of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering,
| | - Li Peng
- From the Departments of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering
| | | | - John Li
- Biosuperiors, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
| | | | - Frank Comer
- Biosuperiors, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
| | - Linda Xu
- From the Departments of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering
| | - Kimberly Cook
- From the Departments of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering
| | - Kannaki Senthil
- From the Departments of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering
| | - Lori Clarke
- From the Departments of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering
| | - Kim Rosenthal
- From the Departments of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering
| | - Changshou Gao
- From the Departments of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering
| | | | - Herren Wu
- From the Departments of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering
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242
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Sinclair JKL, Walker AS, Doerner AE, Schepartz A. Mechanism of Allosteric Coupling into and through the Plasma Membrane by EGFR. Cell Chem Biol 2018; 25:857-870.e7. [PMID: 29731426 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) interacts through its extracellular domain with seven different growth factors. These factors induce different structures within the cytoplasmic juxtamembrane (JM) segment of the dimeric receptor and propagate different growth factor-dependent signals to the cell interior. How this process occurs is unknown. Here we apply diverse experimental and computational tools to show that growth factor identity is encoded by the EGFR transmembrane (TM) helix into discrete helix dimer populations that differ in both cross-location and cross-angle. Helix dimers with smaller cross-angles at multiple cross locations are decoded to induce an EGF-type coiled coil in the adjacent JM, whereas helix dimers with larger cross-angles at fewer cross locations induce the TGF-α-type coiled coil. We propose an updated model for how conformational coupling across multiple EGFR domains results in growth factor-specific information transfer, and demonstrate that this model applies to both EGFR and the related receptor ErbB2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Allison S Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8107, USA
| | - Amy E Doerner
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8107, USA
| | - Alanna Schepartz
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8107, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8103, USA.
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243
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244
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Claus J, Patel G, Autore F, Colomba A, Weitsman G, Soliman TN, Roberts S, Zanetti-Domingues LC, Hirsch M, Collu F, George R, Ortiz-Zapater E, Barber PR, Vojnovic B, Yarden Y, Martin-Fernandez ML, Cameron A, Fraternali F, Ng T, Parker PJ. Inhibitor-induced HER2-HER3 heterodimerisation promotes proliferation through a novel dimer interface. eLife 2018; 7:e32271. [PMID: 29712619 PMCID: PMC5929906 DOI: 10.7554/elife.32271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While targeted therapy against HER2 is an effective first-line treatment in HER2+ breast cancer, acquired resistance remains a clinical challenge. The pseudokinase HER3, heterodimerisation partner of HER2, is widely implicated in the resistance to HER2-mediated therapy. Here, we show that lapatinib, an ATP-competitive inhibitor of HER2, is able to induce proliferation cooperatively with the HER3 ligand neuregulin. This counterintuitive synergy between inhibitor and growth factor depends on their ability to promote atypical HER2-HER3 heterodimerisation. By stabilising a particular HER2 conformer, lapatinib drives HER2-HER3 kinase domain heterocomplex formation. This dimer exists in a head-to-head orientation distinct from the canonical asymmetric active dimer. The associated clustering observed for these dimers predisposes to neuregulin responses, affording a proliferative outcome. Our findings provide mechanistic insights into the liabilities involved in targeting kinases with ATP-competitive inhibitors and highlight the complex role of protein conformation in acquired resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Claus
- Protein Phosphorylation LaboratoryThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Gargi Patel
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division and Division of Cancer StudiesKings College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Sussex Cancer CentreBrighton and Sussex University HospitalsBrightonUnited States
| | - Flavia Autore
- Randall Division of Cell & Molecular BiophysicsKings College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Audrey Colomba
- Protein Phosphorylation LaboratoryThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Gregory Weitsman
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division and Division of Cancer StudiesKings College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Tanya N Soliman
- Protein Phosphorylation LaboratoryThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Selene Roberts
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities CouncilRutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcotUnited Kingdom
| | - Laura C Zanetti-Domingues
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities CouncilRutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcotUnited Kingdom
| | - Michael Hirsch
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities CouncilRutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcotUnited Kingdom
| | - Francesca Collu
- Randall Division of Cell & Molecular BiophysicsKings College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Roger George
- The Structural Biology Science Technology PlatformThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Department of Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory ScienceKing’s College London, Guy’s HospitalLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Paul R Barber
- Randall Division of Cell & Molecular BiophysicsKings College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- UCL Cancer InstituteUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Boris Vojnovic
- Randall Division of Cell & Molecular BiophysicsKings College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of OncologyCancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation OncologyOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Biological RegulationWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Marisa L Martin-Fernandez
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities CouncilRutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcotUnited Kingdom
| | - Angus Cameron
- Protein Phosphorylation LaboratoryThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
- Barts Cancer InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Franca Fraternali
- Randall Division of Cell & Molecular BiophysicsKings College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Tony Ng
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division and Division of Cancer StudiesKings College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- UCL Cancer InstituteUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Department of Research OncologyGuy’s Hospital King’s College London School of MedicineLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Peter J Parker
- Protein Phosphorylation LaboratoryThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical SciencesKing’s College London, Guy’s CampusLondonUnited Kingdom
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245
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Elucidation of the critical epitope of an anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody EMab-134. Biochem Biophys Rep 2018; 14:54-57. [PMID: 29872734 PMCID: PMC5986659 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a type-1 transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase, which activates the downstream signaling cascades in many tumors, such as oral and lung cancers. We previously developed EMab-134, a novel anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody (mAb), which reacts with endogenous EGFR-expressing cancer cell lines and normal cells independent of glycosylation in Western blotting, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemical analysis. EMab-134 showed very high sensitivity (94.7%) to oral squamous cell carcinomas in immunohistochemical analysis. In this study, we performed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), flow cytometry, and immunohistochemical analysis to determine the epitope of EMab-134. A blocking peptide (375–394 amino acids of EGFR) neutralized the EMab-134 reaction against oral cancer cells in flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. The minimum epitope of EMab-134 was found to be the 377-RGDSFTHTPP−386 sequence. Our findings can be applied for the production of more functional anti-EGFR mAbs that in turn can be used for antitumor treatments. We previously produced EMab-134, a novel sensitive and specific anti-EGFR mAb. EMab-134 is useful in Western blot, flow cytometry, and IHC analyses. A blocking peptide neutralized EMab-134 reaction against oral cancer cells. The minimum epitope of EMab-134 was found to be 375-RGDSFTHTPP−384 sequence.
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246
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Identification and mechanism of peptides with activity promoting osteoblast proliferation from bovine lactoferrin. FOOD BIOSCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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247
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Wang L, Yan J, Yan J, Xu H, Zhang D, Wang X, Sheng J. Expression and purification of the human epidermal growth factor receptor extracellular domain. Protein Expr Purif 2018; 144:33-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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248
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Huang SH, Lo YS, Luo YC, Tseng YY, Yang JM. A homologous mapping method for three-dimensional reconstruction of protein networks reveals disease-associated mutations. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2018; 12:13. [PMID: 29560828 PMCID: PMC5861491 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-018-0537-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the crucial steps toward understanding the associations among molecular interactions, pathways, and diseases in a cell is to investigate detailed atomic protein-protein interactions (PPIs) in the structural interactome. Despite the availability of large-scale methods for analyzing PPI networks, these methods often focused on PPI networks using genome-scale data and/or known experimental PPIs. However, these methods are unable to provide structurally resolved interaction residues and their conservations in PPI networks. RESULTS Here, we reconstructed a human three-dimensional (3D) structural PPI network (hDiSNet) with the detailed atomic binding models and disease-associated mutations by enhancing our PPI families and 3D-domain interologs from 60,618 structural complexes and complete genome database with 6,352,363 protein sequences across 2274 species. hDiSNet is a scale-free network (γ = 2.05), which consists of 5177 proteins and 19,239 PPIs with 5843 mutations. These 19,239 structurally resolved PPIs not only expanded the number of PPIs compared to present structural PPI network, but also achieved higher agreement with gene ontology similarities and higher co-expression correlation than the ones of 181,868 experimental PPIs recorded in public databases. Among 5843 mutations, 1653 and 790 mutations involved in interacting domains and contacting residues, respectively, are highly related to diseases. Our hDiSNet can provide detailed atomic interactions of human disease and their associated proteins with mutations. Our results show that the disease-related mutations are often located at the contacting residues forming the hydrogen bonds or conserved in the PPI family. In addition, hDiSNet provides the insights of the FGFR (EGFR)-MAPK pathway for interpreting the mechanisms of breast cancer and ErbB signaling pathway in brain cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that hDiSNet can explore structural-based interactions insights for understanding the mechanisms of disease-associated proteins and their mutations. We believe that our method is useful to reconstruct structurally resolved PPI networks for interpreting structural genomics and disease associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sing-Han Huang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30050, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shu Lo
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30050, Taiwan
| | - Yong-Chun Luo
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30050, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yao Tseng
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30050, Taiwan
| | - Jinn-Moon Yang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30050, Taiwan. .,Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30050, Taiwan.
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249
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Liang SI, van Lengerich B, Eichel K, Cha M, Patterson DM, Yoon TY, von Zastrow M, Jura N, Gartner ZJ. Phosphorylated EGFR Dimers Are Not Sufficient to Activate Ras. Cell Rep 2018; 22:2593-2600. [PMID: 29514089 PMCID: PMC5916813 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth factor binding to EGFR drives conformational changes that promote homodimerization and transphosphorylation, followed by adaptor recruitment, oligomerization, and signaling through Ras. Whether specific receptor conformations and oligomerization states are necessary for efficient activation of Ras is unclear. We therefore evaluated the sufficiency of a phosphorylated EGFR dimer to activate Ras without growth factor by developing a chemical-genetic strategy to crosslink and "trap" full-length EGFR homodimers on cells. Trapped dimers become phosphorylated and recruit adaptor proteins at stoichiometry equivalent to that of EGF-stimulated receptors. Surprisingly, these phosphorylated dimers do not activate Ras, Erk, or Akt. In the absence of EGF, phosphorylated dimers do not further oligomerize or reorganize on cell membranes. These results suggest that a phosphorylated EGFR dimer loaded with core signaling adapters is not sufficient to activate Ras and that EGFR ligands contribute to conformational changes or receptor dynamics necessary for oligomerization and efficient signal propagation through the SOS-Ras-MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha I Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bettina van Lengerich
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kelsie Eichel
- Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Minkwon Cha
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea; Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Yonsei University, Seoul 30722, South Korea; Yonsei-IBS Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 30722, South Korea
| | - David M Patterson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tae-Young Yoon
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Yonsei University, Seoul 30722, South Korea; Yonsei-IBS Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 30722, South Korea; Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Mark von Zastrow
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Natalia Jura
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Zev J Gartner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Center for Cellular Construction, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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250
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Transient Acceleration of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Dynamics Produces Higher-Order Signaling Clusters. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:1386-1401. [PMID: 29505756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Cell signaling depends on spatiotemporally regulated molecular interactions. Although the movements of signaling proteins have been analyzed with various technologies, how spatial dynamics influence the molecular interactions that transduce signals is unclear. Here, we developed a single-molecule method to analyze the spatiotemporal coupling between motility, clustering, and signaling. The analysis was performed with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which triggers signaling through its dimerization and phosphorylation after association with EGF. Our results show that the few EGFRs isolated in membrane subdomains were released by an EGF-dependent increase in their diffusion area, facilitating molecular associations and producing immobile clusters. Using a two-color single-molecule analysis, we found that the EGF-induced state transition alters the properties of the immobile clusters, allowing them to interact for extended periods with the cytoplasmic protein, GRB2. Our study reveals a novel correlation between this molecular interaction and its mesoscale dynamics, providing the initial signaling node.
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