201
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Alberto R. The Chemistry of Technetium–Water Complexes within the Manganese Triad: Challenges and Perspectives. Eur J Inorg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200800909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Alberto
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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202
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Sharma SK, Kumar S, Tyagi R, Barry EF, Kumar J, Watterson AC, Ryan DK, Parmar VS. Selective recognition of Ca2+ ions using novel polymeric phenols. Microchem J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2008.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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203
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Hartinger CG, Dyson PJ. Bioorganometallic chemistry--from teaching paradigms to medicinal applications. Chem Soc Rev 2008; 38:391-401. [PMID: 19169456 DOI: 10.1039/b707077m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 840] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In undergraduate level organometallic chemistry courses students are usually taught that organometallic compounds are toxic and unstable in air and water. While this is true of many complexes, some are also non-toxic and stable in air and water. Indeed, bioorganometallic chemistry, the study of biomolecules or biologically active molecules that contain at least one carbon directly bound to a metal, is a thriving subject, and air and water stability is a general pre-requisite. This interdisciplinary field is located at the borderline between chemistry, biochemistry, biology and medicine. In this tutorial review, various aspects of bioorganometallic chemistry are introduced, with the main emphasis on medicinal organometallic compounds. Organometallic therapeutics for cancer, HIV and malaria and other medicinal applications are described. It is also shown how rational ligand design has led to new improved therapies much in the same way that an organometallic chemist working in catalysis will design new ligands for improved activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian G Hartinger
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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204
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Bellachioma G, Ciancaleoni G, Zuccaccia C, Zuccaccia D, Macchioni A. NMR investigation of non-covalent aggregation of coordination compounds ranging from dimers and ion pairs up to nano-aggregates. Coord Chem Rev 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2007.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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205
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Oliveira BL, Correia JDG, Raposinho PD, Santos I, Ferreira A, Cordeiro C, Freire AP. Re and (99m)Tc organometallic complexes containing pendant l-arginine derivatives as potential probes of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Dalton Trans 2008:152-62. [PMID: 19081984 DOI: 10.1039/b805986a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Aiming to design radioactive compounds based on the core "(99m)Tc(CO)(3)" for probing inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels in vivo, we have synthesized conjugates containing a pyrazolyl-diamine chelating unit and pendant l-arginine analogues (substrates and inhibitors of NOS). Reaction of the conjugates with fac-[M(CO)(3)](+) (M = Re, (99m)Tc) gave bioorganometallic complexes of the type fac-[M(CO)(3)(k(3)-L)] in good yield. After in vitro testing using the oxyhemoglobin NO capture assay, we concluded that the affinity of the inhibitor-containing conjugates to iNOS seems to be less affected upon metallation with rhenium than the substrate-containing conjugates. The complexes bearing guanidino substituted analogues of l-arginine still present considerable inhibitory action (N(omega)-monomethyl-l-arginine, K(i) = 36 microM; N(omega)-nitro-l-arginine, K(i) = 84 microM), being the first examples of organometallic complexes able to inhibit the iNOS. These results seem to indicate that (99m)Tc(CO)(3)-labeled L-argininine analogues, namely NOS inhibitors, may hold potential for monitoring increased levels of iNOS in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno L Oliveira
- Departamento de Química, ITN, Estrada Nacional 10, 2686-953, Sacavém, Portugal
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206
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Merabet-Khelassi M, Aribi-Zouioueche L, Riant O. Effect of alkaloids on the activity and selectivity of Candida rugosa lipase in the kinetic resolution of 2-hydroxymethyl-1-phenylthioferrocene with planar chirality. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2008.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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207
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Han YF, Jia WG, Lin YJ, Jin GX. Stepwise Formation of Molecular Rectangles of Half-Sandwich Rhodium and Ruthenium Complexes Containing Bridging Chloranilate Ligands. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om800490s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Feng Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Material, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Guo Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Material, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Jian Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Material, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Xin Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Material, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
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208
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Mattsson J, Govindaswamy P, Furrer J, Sei Y, Yamaguchi K, Süss-Fink G, Therrien B. Encapsulation of Aromatic Molecules in Hexanuclear Arene Ruthenium Cages: A Strategy to Build Up Organometallic Carceplex Prisms with a Dangling Arm Standing Out. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om800419s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johan Mattsson
- Institut de Chimie, Université de Neuchâtel, Case postale 158, CH-2009 Neuchâtel, Switzerland, and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus Tokushima Bunri University, Shido, Sanuki-city, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| | - Padavattan Govindaswamy
- Institut de Chimie, Université de Neuchâtel, Case postale 158, CH-2009 Neuchâtel, Switzerland, and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus Tokushima Bunri University, Shido, Sanuki-city, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| | - Julien Furrer
- Institut de Chimie, Université de Neuchâtel, Case postale 158, CH-2009 Neuchâtel, Switzerland, and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus Tokushima Bunri University, Shido, Sanuki-city, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Sei
- Institut de Chimie, Université de Neuchâtel, Case postale 158, CH-2009 Neuchâtel, Switzerland, and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus Tokushima Bunri University, Shido, Sanuki-city, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yamaguchi
- Institut de Chimie, Université de Neuchâtel, Case postale 158, CH-2009 Neuchâtel, Switzerland, and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus Tokushima Bunri University, Shido, Sanuki-city, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| | - Georg Süss-Fink
- Institut de Chimie, Université de Neuchâtel, Case postale 158, CH-2009 Neuchâtel, Switzerland, and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus Tokushima Bunri University, Shido, Sanuki-city, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| | - Bruno Therrien
- Institut de Chimie, Université de Neuchâtel, Case postale 158, CH-2009 Neuchâtel, Switzerland, and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus Tokushima Bunri University, Shido, Sanuki-city, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
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209
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Abstract
Organometallic complexes offer chemistry that is not accessible to purely organic molecules and, hence, potentially new mechanisms of drug action. We show here that the presence of both an iodido ligand and a sigma-donor/pi-acceptor phenylazopyridine ligand confers remarkable inertness toward ligand substitution on the half-sandwich "piano-stool" ruthenium arene complexes [(eta(6)-arene)Ru(azpy)I](+) (where arene = p-cymene or biphenyl, and azpy = N,N-dimethylphenyl- or hydroxyphenyl-azopyridine) in aqueous solution. Surprisingly, despite this inertness, these complexes are highly cytotoxic to human ovarian A2780 and human lung A549 cancer cells. Fluorescence-trapping experiments in A549 cells suggest that the cytotoxicity arises from an increase in reactive oxygen species. Redox activity of these azopyridine Ru(II) complexes was confirmed by electrochemical measurements. The first one-electron reduction step (half-wave potential -0.2 to -0.4 V) is assignable to reduction of the azo group of the ligand. In contrast, the unbound azopyridine ligands are not readily reduced. Intriguingly the ruthenium complex acted as a catalyst in reactions with the tripeptide glutathione (gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys-Gly), a strong reducing agent present in cells at millimolar concentrations; millimolar amounts of glutathione were oxidized to glutathione disulfide in the presence of micromolar ruthenium concentrations. A redox cycle involving glutathione attack on the azo bond of coordinated azopyridine is proposed. Such ligand-based redox reactions provide new concepts for the design of catalytic drugs.
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210
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Gómez-Ruiz S, Kaluđerović GN, Prashar S, Polo-Cerón D, Fajardo M, Žižak Ž, Sabo TJ, Juranić ZD. Cytotoxic studies of substituted titanocene and ansa-titanocene anticancer drugs. J Inorg Biochem 2008; 102:1558-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2008.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2007] [Revised: 01/23/2008] [Accepted: 02/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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211
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Han YF, Lin YJ, Jia WG, Jin GX. Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochemical Properties of Molecular Rectangles of Half-Sandwich Iridium Complexes Containing Bridging Chloranilate Ligands. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om800426e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Feng Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Material, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Jian Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Material, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Guo Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Material, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Xin Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Material, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
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212
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Aguado JE, Crespo O, Gimeno MC, Jones PG, Laguna A, Nieto Y. Metal Complexes with Mono‐ and Bis{[bis(2‐pyridyl)amino]carbonyl}ferrocene Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200800286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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213
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Lynam JM. Nucleobase-containing transition metal complexes as building blocks for biological markers and supramolecular structures. Dalton Trans 2008:4067-78. [PMID: 18688423 DOI: 10.1039/b802347f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of metal complexes into nucleobases, nucleosides and nucleotides has provided a focus for the development of many novel compounds with a wide range of applications. In this perspective article the different methods to incorporate transition metal complexes into these species will be described. Applications of these compounds as biological markers, catalysts and how the hydrogen bonding properties may be employed in directing supramolecular assembly in both the solid state and solution will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Lynam
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, UKYO10 5DD.
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214
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Di Salvo F, Estrin DA, Leitus G, Doctorovich F. Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of Aliphatic Primary Nitrosamines Stabilized by Coordination to [IrCl5]2−. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om700985h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Di Salvo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, piso 3, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina, and Department of Chemical Services, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Darío A. Estrin
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, piso 3, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina, and Department of Chemical Services, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Gregory Leitus
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, piso 3, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina, and Department of Chemical Services, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Fabio Doctorovich
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, piso 3, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina, and Department of Chemical Services, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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215
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Yang Y, Yang B, Li M, Ning W, Lu Z. Synthesis and Characterization of Tetraazaparacyclophane Disulfone. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910701796733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya‐Ting Yang
- a Shannxi Key Laboratory of Physical Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , Northwest University , Xi'an, Shannxi, China
| | - Bing‐Qin Yang
- a Shannxi Key Laboratory of Physical Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , Northwest University , Xi'an, Shannxi, China
| | - Min Li
- a Shannxi Key Laboratory of Physical Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , Northwest University , Xi'an, Shannxi, China
| | - Wei Ning
- a Shannxi Key Laboratory of Physical Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , Northwest University , Xi'an, Shannxi, China
| | - Zhen‐Huan Lu
- a Shannxi Key Laboratory of Physical Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , Northwest University , Xi'an, Shannxi, China
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216
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Chapter 3 Metallacalixarenes: Organo-Inorganic Hybrid Molecular Architectures. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(07)00003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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217
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Sarfraz RA, Kazi TG, Iqbal S, Afridi HI, Jamali MK, Jalbani N, Arain MB. Synthesis, structure determination and chemoselective catalytic studies of amino acids complexes of osmium(II). Appl Organomet Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.1370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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218
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Liu LX, Huang HP, Li X, Sun QF, Sun CR, Li YZ, Yu SY. Coordination molecular hats binding acetonitrile via C–H⋯π interactions. Dalton Trans 2008:1544-6. [DOI: 10.1039/b719605a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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219
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Zhang J. Preparation, characterization, crystal structure and bioactivity determination of ferrocenyl–thiazoleacylhydrazones. Appl Organomet Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.1338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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220
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Sergeant CD, Ott I, Sniady A, Meneni S, Gust R, Rheingold AL, Dembinski R. Metallo-nucleosides: synthesis and biological evaluation of hexacarbonyl dicobalt 5-alkynyl-2′-deoxyuridines. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:73-80. [DOI: 10.1039/b713371e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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221
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Singh SK, Joshi S, Singh AR, Saxena JK, Pandey DS. DNA Binding and Topoisomerase II Inhibitory Activity of Water-Soluble Ruthenium(II) and Rhodium(III) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:10869-76. [DOI: 10.1021/ic700885m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi -221 005 (U.P.), India, and Division of Biochemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Chattar Manzil P.O. Box 173, Lucknow-226 001 (U.P.), India
| | - Shweta Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi -221 005 (U.P.), India, and Division of Biochemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Chattar Manzil P.O. Box 173, Lucknow-226 001 (U.P.), India
| | - Alok Ranjan Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi -221 005 (U.P.), India, and Division of Biochemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Chattar Manzil P.O. Box 173, Lucknow-226 001 (U.P.), India
| | - Jitendra Kumar Saxena
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi -221 005 (U.P.), India, and Division of Biochemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Chattar Manzil P.O. Box 173, Lucknow-226 001 (U.P.), India
| | - Daya Shankar Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi -221 005 (U.P.), India, and Division of Biochemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Chattar Manzil P.O. Box 173, Lucknow-226 001 (U.P.), India
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222
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Schmid WF, John RO, Mühlgassner G, Heffeter P, Jakupec MA, Galanski M, Berger W, Arion VB, Keppler BK. Metal-based paullones as putative CDK inhibitors for antitumor chemotherapy. J Med Chem 2007; 50:6343-55. [PMID: 17997519 DOI: 10.1021/jm701042w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Paullones constitute a class of potent cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. To overcome the insufficient solubility and bioavailability, which hamper their potential medical application, we aim at the development of metal-based derivatives. Two types of paullone ligands, L (1) - L (3) and L (4) , with different locations of metal-binding sites, were prepared. They were found to form organometallic complexes of the general formula [M (II)Cl(eta (6)- p-cymene)L]Cl ( 1- 4, L = L (1) - L (4) ; a, M = Ru; b, M = Os). The complexes were characterized by X-ray crystallography, one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy and other physical methods. Complexes 1- 3, with a coordinated amidine unit, were found to undergo E/ Z isomerization in solution. The reaction was studied by NMR spectroscopy, and activation parameters Delta H (double dagger) and Delta S (double dagger) were determined. Antiproliferative activity in the low micromolar range was observed in vitro in three human cancer cell lines by means of MTT assays. (3)H-Thymidine incorporation assays revealed the compounds to lower the rate of DNA synthesis, and flow cytometric analyses showed cell cycle arrest mainly in G 0/ G 1 phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang F Schmid
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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223
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Affiliation(s)
- William E. Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405
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224
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Han YF, Lin YJ, Jia WG, Weng LH, Jin GX. Stepwise Formation of Tetra- and Hexanuclear Iridium and Rhodium Complexes Containing Oxalato Ligands. Organometallics 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/om700691u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Feng Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Material, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Jian Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Material, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Guo Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Material, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Hong Weng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Material, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Xin Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Material, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
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225
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Chifotides HT, Dunbar KR. Unprecedented head-to-head right-handed cross-links between the antitumor bis(mu-N,N'-di-p-tolylformamidinate) dirhodium(II,II) core and the dinucleotide d(ApA) with the adenine bases in the rare imino form. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:12480-90. [PMID: 17883272 DOI: 10.1021/ja073422i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of the anticancer active compound cis-[Rh2(DTolF)2(CH3CN)6](BF4)2 with 9-ethyladenine (9-EtAdeH) or the dinucleotide d(ApA) proceed with bridging adenine bases in the rare imino form (A*), spanning the Rh-Rh bond at equatorial positions via N7/N6. The inflection points for the pH-dependent H2 and H8 NMR resonance curves of cis-[Rh2(DTolF)2(9-EtAdeH)2](BF4)2 correspond to N1H deprotonation of the metal-stabilized rare imino tautomer, which takes place at pKa approximately 7.5 in CD3CN-d3, a considerably reduced value as compared to that of the imino form of 9-EtAdeH. Similarly, coordination of the metal atoms to the N7/N6 adenine sites in Rh2(DTolF)2{d(ApA)} induces formation of the rare imino tautomer of the bases with a concomitant substantial decrease in the basicity of the N1H sites (pKa approximately 7.0 in CD3CN-d3), as compared to the imino form of the free dinucleotide. The presence of the adenine bases in the rare imino form, due to bidentate metalation of the N6/N7 sites, is further corroborated by DQF-COSY H2/N1H and ROE N1H/N6H cross-peaks in the 2D NMR spectra of Rh2(DTolF)2{d(ApA)} in CD3CN-d3 at -38 degrees C. Due to the N7/N6 bridging mode of the adenine bases in Rh2(DTolF)2{d(ApA)}, only the anti orientation of the imino tautomer is possible. The imino form A* of adenine in DNA may result in AT-->CG transversions or AT-->GC transitions, which can eventually lead to lethal mutations. The HH arrangement of the bases in Rh2(DTolF)2{d(ApA)} is indicated by the H8/H8 NOE cross-peaks in the 2D ROESY NMR spectrum, whereas the formamidinate bridging groups dictate the presence of one right-handed conformer HH1R in solution. Complete characterization of Rh2(DTolF)2{d(ApA)} by 2D NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling supports the presence of the HH1R conformer, anti orientation of both sugar residues about the glycosyl bonds, and N-type conformation for the 5'-A base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen T Chifotides
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
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226
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Fouda MFR, Abd-Elzaher MM, Abdelsamaia RA, Labib AA. On the medicinal chemistry of ferrocene. Appl Organomet Chem 2007; 21:613-625. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.1202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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227
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228
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Streu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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229
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Baldoli C, Rigamonti C, Maiorana S, Licandro E, Falciola L, Mussini PR. A new triferrocenyl-tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane derivative as a highly sensitive electrochemical marker of biomolecules: application to the labelling of PNA monomers and their electrochemical characterization. Chemistry 2007; 12:4091-100. [PMID: 16544344 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200501466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We have designed and synthesised a new organometallic molecule containing three ferrocene groups for use as a highly sensitive electrochemical marker in biological assays. This trisferrocene derivative was conjugated to different PNA monomers, and the electrochemical activities of the conjugates were extensively investigated in organic solvents, in view of their potential diagnostic applications. The results showed that the introduction of a trisferrocene unit on the PNA monomer triples the current signal in comparison with the monoferrocene-labelled one. Despite their greater molecular complexity, trisferrocene-conjugated PNA monomers are even more electrochemically active than the reference ferrocene. By using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), the detection limit can reach 10(-8) M in acetonitrile solution. These results are a good premise for the use of the trisferrocene unit as an effective electrochemical probe for biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Baldoli
- CNR-Institute of Molecular Science and Technologies, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
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230
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Debreczeni JE, Bullock AN, Atilla GE, Williams DS, Bregman H, Knapp S, Meggers E. Ruthenium half-sandwich complexes bound to protein kinase Pim-1. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 45:1580-5. [PMID: 16381041 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200503468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Judit E Debreczeni
- Oxford University, Centre for Structural Genomics, Botnar Research Centre, Oxford, UK
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231
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Alberto R, Motterlini R. Chemistry and biological activities of CO-releasing molecules (CORMs) and transition metal complexes. Dalton Trans 2007:1651-60. [PMID: 17443255 DOI: 10.1039/b701992k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The advent of CO as a small molecule that, in addition to NO, elicits essential biological functions has initiated the search for compounds and complexes capable of releasing CO in a well defined manner under physiological conditions. Since some pharmacological and therapeutic effects of CO have been established in preclinical studies, tailor-made CO-releasing molecules (CORMs) which could be utilized as pharmaceuticals could be of great benefit for many patients. Release of CO(2) is one of the most common features in chemistry and NO producing molecules are very well established but compounds with CO-releasing properties are rare. Some of the more promising candidates and molecules under study are discussed in this article. Furthermore, molecules that possess intrinsic features to serve as potential CO-RMs and merit in depth investigations are proposed. The focus is thereby on main group compounds and on transition element complexes. It should be emphasized that CORMs not only have encouraging prospects as therapeutic agents but may also be significant for synthetic pathways to novel complexes containing the CO ligand. To underline the prospects of CORMs, the chemical part is embedded in a biological and medicinal context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Alberto
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland.
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232
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Pagano N, Maksimoska J, Bregman H, Williams DS, Webster RD, Xue F, Meggers E. Ruthenium half-sandwich complexes as protein kinase inhibitors: derivatization of the pyridocarbazole pharmacophore ligand. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:1218-27. [PMID: 17406720 DOI: 10.1039/b700433h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A general route to ruthenium pyridocarbazole half-sandwich complexes is presented and applied to the synthesis of sixteen new compounds, many of which have modulated protein kinase inhibition properties. For example, the incorporation of a fluorine into the pyridine moiety increases the binding affinity for glycogen synthase kinase 3 by almost one order of magnitude. These data are supplemented with cyclic voltammetry experiments and a protein co-crystallographic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Pagano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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233
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Chen R, Liu CS, Zhang H, Guo Y, Bu XH, Yang M. Three new Cu(II) and Cd(II) complexes with 3-(2-pyridyl)pyrazole-based ligand: Syntheses, crystal structures, and evaluations for bioactivities. J Inorg Biochem 2007; 101:412-21. [PMID: 17222454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2006.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2006] [Revised: 11/04/2006] [Accepted: 11/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Three new complexes [Cu(L)(2)(NO(3))](NO(3))(H(2)O)(1/2)(CH(3)OH)(1/2) (1), [Cd(L)(2)(NO(3))(2)](H(2)O)(3) (2) and [Cd(L)(2)(ClO(4))(CH(3)OH)](ClO(4))(H(2)O)(1/4)(CH(3)OH) (3) (L=1-[3-(2-pyridyl)pyrazol-1-ylmethyl]naphthalene) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR and X-ray diffraction analysis. Among them, the Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions were both coordinated by four N donors from two distinct L ligands via N,N-bidentate chelating coordination mode. Additional weak interactions, such as the face-to-face pi-pi stacking and C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO H-bonding interactions, linked the mononuclear unit into 1D chain and further into 2D network. Complexes 1-3 were subjected to biological assays in vitro against six different cancer cell lines. All of them exhibited cytotoxic specificity and notable cancer cell inhibitory rate. The interactions of 1-3 with calf thymus DNA were investigated by thermal denaturation, viscosity measurements, spectrophotometric and electrophoresis methods. The results indicate that these complexes bound to DNA by intercalation mode via the ligand L and had different nuclease activities, which were in good agreement with their DNA-binding strength. Moreover, the central metal ions of 1-3 played a vital role in DNA-binding behaviors, DNA-cleavage activities and cytotoxicities, whereas the contribution of the different counter anions to their bioactivities also should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, PR China
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234
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Lu XL, Yu X, Lou J. Recent Advances in Dppf‐Containing (Cp/Cp∗)Ru and (Arene)Ru(II) Complexes: Structure, Reactivity, Catalysis, and Electrochemistry (2000–2005). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/15533170601028231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Lian Lu
- a Pharmaceutical Department , College of Life Science, China Institute of Metrology , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoping Yu
- a Pharmaceutical Department , College of Life Science, China Institute of Metrology , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ji‐Dong Lou
- a Pharmaceutical Department , College of Life Science, China Institute of Metrology , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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235
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N-ortho-Ferrocenyl benzoyl dipeptide esters: Synthesis, structural characterization and in vitro anti-cancer activity of N-{ortho-(ferrocenyl)benzoyl}-glycine-l-alanine ethyl ester and N-{ortho-(ferrocenyl)benzoyl}-l-alanine-glycine ethyl ester. J Organomet Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2006.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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236
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Kuchta MC, Gemel C, Metzler-Nolte N. An amino acid bioconjugate of an organoplatinum tris(pyrazolyl)borate complex: Synthesis and structure of [p-(tBuO–Phe–CO)C6H4Tp]PtMe3. J Organomet Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2006.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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237
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Artillo A, Sala GD, De Santis M, Llordes A, Ricart S, Spinella A. Preparation of organometallic uracil-analogue Fischer carbene complexes: Comparative study of conventional heating vs microwave irradiation. J Organomet Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2006.08.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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238
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Preparation and characterization of d6 tungsten compounds with amino acid derivatized diimine ligands and preparation of dipeptide derivatives using peptide coupling agents. J Organomet Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2006.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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239
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Goel A, Savage D, Alley SR, Kelly PN, O’Sullivan D, Mueller-Bunz H, Kenny PT. The synthesis and structural characterization of novel N-meta-ferrocenyl benzoyl dipeptide esters: The X-ray crystal structure and in vitro anti-cancer activity of N-{meta-ferrocenyl)benzoyl}-l-alanine-glycine ethyl ester. J Organomet Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2006.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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240
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241
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Alvarez CM, García-Rodríguez R, Miguel D. Pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde as ligand: Synthesis and derivatization of carbonyl complexes. Dalton Trans 2007:3546-54. [PMID: 17680045 DOI: 10.1039/b702418e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thermally induced carbonyl substitutions on [M(CO)5X] (M=Mn, X=Cl, Br; M=Re, X=Br) or room temperature displacement of acetonitrile from [Mo(eta3-methallyl)Cl(CO)2(NCMe)2] produce stable crystalline complexes containing pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde (pyca) as chelate kappa2(N,O) ligands (). These react with ethylglycine to afford iminopyridine complexes containing an amino ester pendant arm in high-yield. Treatment with silver salts produce halide abstraction affording neutral complexes containing coordinated perchlorate or triflate which can be replaced by triphenyl phosphine to give cationic complexes . As confirmed by spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography the pyca ligand remains bonded as chelate kappa2(N,O) throughout these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celedonio M Alvarez
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, C/Prado de la Magdalena s/n. 47005, Valladolid. Spain
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242
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Cowley MJ, Lynam JM, Whitwood AC. Transition metal vinylidene complexes as supramolecular building blocks: nucleobase-mediated self-assembly of crystals with hexagonal symmetry. Dalton Trans 2007:4427-38. [PMID: 17909654 DOI: 10.1039/b709483c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of the ruthenium half sandwich compound RuCl(eta(5)-C(5)H(5))(PPh(3))(2) with the uracil (Ur) substituted alkyne HC[triple bond, length as m-dash]CUr in the presence of halide scavengers NH(4)X (X = PF(6), BF(4), OTf) results in the formation of the vinylidene complexes [Ru([double bond, length as m-dash]C[double bond, length as m-dash]CHUr)(eta(5)-C(5)H(5))(PPh(3))(2)][X] which crystallize in the hexagonal space group P6(3)/m. The hexagonal symmetry inherent to the system is due to the formation of a hydrogen bonded array mediated by the two sets of donor-acceptor units on the uracil, resulting in the formation of a cyclic "rosette" containing six ruthenium cations. In solution the (1)H and (31)P{(1)H} NMR spectra of the vinylidene complexes are both concentration and temperature dependent, in accord with the presence of monomer-dimer equilibria in which the rate of rotation of the vinylidene group is fast on the NMR timescale in the monomeric species, but slow in the dimers. The isoelectronic molybdenum-containing vinylidene complex [Mo(eta(7)-C(7)H(7))(dppe)([double bond, length as m-dash]C[double bond, length as m-dash]CHUr)][BF(4)] (dppe = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane) has also been prepared, but forms symmetric dimers in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Cowley
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, UKYO10 5DD
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243
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Abeysinghe PM, Harding MM. Antitumour bis(cyclopentadienyl) metal complexes: titanocene and molybdocene dichloride and derivatives. Dalton Trans 2007:3474-82. [PMID: 17680034 DOI: 10.1039/b707440a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This Perspective will focus on recent developments in the field of antitumour metallocenes structurally related to titanocene dichloride. Despite extensive testing of titanocene dichloride which culminated in phase I and II clinical trials, further trials have been abandoned. While DNA has been implicated as the major target related to anticancer activity, identification of the active species and mechanism of action has been poorly understood and hence the design of second generation titanocene derivatives has not been possible. Recent mechanistic studies have provided a plausible mechanism for delivery of Ti to cancer cells via transferrin mediated endocytosis. This mechanism requires the presence of labile Cp-Ti bonds that hydrolyse on a time scale to deliver Ti to transferrin. A large range of titanocene derivatives in which the cyclopentadienyl rings have been substituted by both electron withdrawing and donating groups, including aromatic, alkyl and cyclic amines, have been prepared and tested for activity in the last 5 years. These results have shown that subtle structural effects can have a significant effect on biological activity and that biological activity is highly cell line dependent. However, the biological chemistry and cellular studies required to determine the mechanism of action of these new titanocenes have not been reported. In contrast, the bioorganometallic chemistry and cellular studies of molybdocene dichloride have implicated interaction with cellular thiols as the key reaction related to biological activity. Tailoring of the pseudohalide ligands by tuning the strength of the Mo-S bonds provides the opportunity to enhance cell uptake. Further research is required to establish the origin of antitumour activity.
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244
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Vecchio VM, Benedetti M, Migoni D, De Pascali SA, Ciccarese A, Marsigliante S, Capitelli F, Fanizzi FP. Highly selective metal mediated ortho-alkylation of phenol. First platinum containing organometallic chromane analogues. Dalton Trans 2007:5720-5. [DOI: 10.1039/b712248a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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245
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Mulcahy SP, Carroll PJ, Meggers E. Synthesis and cyclometalation of a pyrido[3,2-e]-2,10b-diaza-cyclopenta[c]fluorene-1,3-dione scaffold. Tetrahedron Lett 2006; 47:8877-8880. [PMID: 18071577 PMCID: PMC2031847 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a pyrido[3,2-e]-2,10b-diaza-cyclopenta[c]fluorene-1,3-dione scaffold is disclosed, which was synthesized using a Suzuki cross-coupling reaction and an intramolecular Heck cyclization as the key steps. This heterocyclic system can serve as a bidentate ligand as demonstrated by the formation and structural analysis of a derived ruthenium complex. The new scaffold constitutes an interesting candidate for the development of organometallic protein kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seann P Mulcahy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34 St., Philadelphia, PA 19104
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246
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Coelho AC, Almeida Paz FA, Klinowski J, Pillinger M, Gonçalves IS. Microwave assisted synthesis of molybdenum and tungsten tetracarbonyl complexes with a pyrazolylpyridine ligand. Crystal structure of cis-[Mo(CO)4{ethyl[3-(2-pyridyl)-1-pyrazolyl]acetate}]. Molecules 2006. [PMID: 18007398 DOI: 10.3390/molecules11120940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the one-step syntheses in good yields of the complexes cis-[M(CO)4(pzpy)] {M = Mo, W; pzpy = ethyl[3-(2-pyridyl)-1-pyrazolyl]acetate} directly from the corresponding M(CO)6 starting materials by using microwave-assisted heating and reaction times of either 30 s (M = Mo) or 15 min (M = W). The structure of the molybdenum tetracarbonyl complex was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound is monomeric and the molybdenum atom has a highly distorted octahedral geometry. The close packing of the individual cis-[Mo(CO)4(pzpy)] species is essentially driven by the need to fill the space effectively, closely mediated by weak C-H-O and pi-pi interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Coelho
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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247
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Pereira CCL, Braga SS, Paz FAA, Pillinger M, Klinowski J, Gonçalves IS. Structural Studies of [CpMoL2(CO)2]+ (L = NCMe, L2 = 2,2′-biimidazole) Complexes and Their Inclusion Compounds with Cyclodextrins. Eur J Inorg Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200600551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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248
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Atilla-Gokcumen GE, Williams DS, Bregman H, Pagano N, Meggers E. Organometallic compounds with biological activity: a very selective and highly potent cellular inhibitor for glycogen synthase kinase 3. Chembiochem 2006; 7:1443-50. [PMID: 16858717 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200600117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A chiral second-generation organoruthenium half-sandwich compound is disclosed that shows a remarkable selectivity and cellular potency for the inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3). The selectivity was evaluated against a panel of 57 protein kinases, in which no other kinase was inhibited to the same extent, with a selectivity window of at least tenfold to more than 1000-fold at 100 microM ATP. Furthermore, a comparison with organic GSK-3 inhibitors demonstrated the superior cellular activity of this ruthenium compound: wnt signaling was fully induced at concentrations down to 30 nM. For comparison, the well-established organic GSK-3 inhibitors 6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime (BIO) and kenpaullone activate the wnt pathway at concentrations that are higher by around 30-fold and 100-fold, respectively. The treatment of zebrafish embryos with the organometallic inhibitor resulted in a phenotype that is typical for the inhibition of GSK-3. No phenotypic change was observed with the mirror-imaged ruthenium complex. The latter does not, in fact, show any of the pharmacological properties for the inhibition of GSK-3. Overall, these results demonstrate the potential usefulness of organometallic compounds as molecular probes in cultured cells and whole organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ekin Atilla-Gokcumen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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249
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Williams DS, Atilla GE, Bregman H, Arzoumanian A, Klein PS, Meggers E. Switching on a signaling pathway with an organoruthenium complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 44:1984-7. [PMID: 15742314 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200462501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas S Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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250
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