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Iyer A, Mangal R, Stead T, Barbera A. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia presenting as a Pathologic Fibular Fracture. Orthop Rev (Pavia) 2022; 14:37419. [DOI: 10.52965/001c.37419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors present a case of a 2-year-old girl with left ankle pain. On examination, there was tenderness but no sign of superficial swelling, erythema, or deformity. Imaging studies revealed a heterogeneous lytic lesion in the distal diaphysis of the left fibula, causing a pathologic fracture. The patient was treated with ankle splinting, analgesia, and referred to a pediatric orthopedic physician. Ultimately the diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was made. The authors present the significance of discerning skeletal abnormalities and orthopedic pain as the initial manifestation of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rohan Mangal
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Thor Stead
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Cruz-Chávez DA, López-Pérez BJ, Solórzano-Gómez E, Venta-Sobero JA, Flores-Villegas LV, Toledo-Lozano CG, Castro-Loza GV, Sandoval-Pacheco R, Torres-Vallejo A, Marmol-Realpe KSF, Flores-Jurado YE, Hernández-Soriano CL, Alcaraz-Estrada SL, Mondragón-Terán P, Suárez-Cuenca JA, Coral-Vázquez RM, Garcia S. Neurological Involvement in Pediatric Patients with Acute Leukemia: A Retrospective Cohort. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9091268. [PMID: 36138577 PMCID: PMC9496928 DOI: 10.3390/children9091268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute leukemia (AL) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children, and neurological manifestations (NM) are frequent. The objective of this study was to analyze neurological manifestations in children with acute leukemia from cases attended in the last five years at the Centro Médico Nacional “20 de Noviembre”. Methods: Conducting a retrospective and analytical study from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2020 in children with AL classified according to sex, age range and AL type. Participants were grouped according the presence of NM. Results: We analyzed 607 patients: 54.85% boys and 44.14% girls, with a mean age of 7.27 ± 4.54 years. When comparing groups, the NM group was significantly older (p = 0.01), and the highest prevalence was between 6 and 12 years old. ALL was predominant over the other lineages (p ≤ 0.01). The most frequent NM was CNS infiltration, seizures, headache and neuropathy. Death outcomes occurred in 18.7% of children with AML, 11.8% with ALL and 50% with MPAL (p ≤ 0.002). The NM group was associated with higher mortality during a follow-up time of 77.9 ± 49 months (44.4% vs. 8.9% deaths, NM vs. non-NM, respectively; OR = 3.3; 95% CI 2.4 to 4.6; p ≤ 0.0001). Conclusions: ALL was the most prevalent leukemia type. CNS infiltration, seizures, headache, neuropathy and PRES were the most frequent symptoms in the NM group. NM was associated with a higher mortality rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Alejandra Cruz-Chávez
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Centro Médico Nacional “20 de Noviembre”, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales para los Trabajadores del Estado, Mexico City 03229, Mexico
| | - Brian Javier López-Pérez
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Centro Médico Nacional “20 de Noviembre”, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales para los Trabajadores del Estado, Mexico City 03229, Mexico
| | - Elsa Solórzano-Gómez
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Centro Médico Nacional “20 de Noviembre”, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales para los Trabajadores del Estado, Mexico City 03229, Mexico
| | - José Antonio Venta-Sobero
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Centro Médico Nacional “20 de Noviembre”, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales para los Trabajadores del Estado, Mexico City 03229, Mexico
| | - Luz Victoria Flores-Villegas
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Centro Médico Nacional “20 de Noviembre”, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales para los Trabajadores del Estado, Mexico City 03229, Mexico
| | - Christian Gabriel Toledo-Lozano
- Department of Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional “20 de Noviembre”, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales para los Trabajadores del Estado, Mexico City 03229, Mexico
- Correspondence: (C.G.T.-L.); (S.G.); Tel.: +52-5519562089 (C.G.T.-L.); +52-5554377491 (S.G.)
| | - Gabriela Vianney Castro-Loza
- Department of Undergraduate Research, Hospital Militar de Especialidades de la Mujer y Neonatología, Mexico City 11200, Mexico
| | - Roberto Sandoval-Pacheco
- Department of Undergraduate Research, Hospital Militar de Especialidades de la Mujer y Neonatología, Mexico City 11200, Mexico
| | - Andrea Torres-Vallejo
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City 03700, Mexico
| | - Karen Sharlot Faisury Marmol-Realpe
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Centro Médico Nacional “20 de Noviembre”, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales para los Trabajadores del Estado, Mexico City 03229, Mexico
| | - Yazmín Evelyn Flores-Jurado
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Centro Médico Nacional “20 de Noviembre”, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales para los Trabajadores del Estado, Mexico City 03229, Mexico
| | - Cristal Lucero Hernández-Soriano
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Centro Médico Nacional “20 de Noviembre”, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales para los Trabajadores del Estado, Mexico City 03229, Mexico
| | - Sofía Lizeth Alcaraz-Estrada
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Centro Médico Nacional “20 de Noviembre”, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales para los Trabajadores del Estado, Mexico City 03229, Mexico
| | - Paul Mondragón-Terán
- Department of Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional “20 de Noviembre”, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales para los Trabajadores del Estado, Mexico City 03229, Mexico
| | - Juan Antonio Suárez-Cuenca
- Department of Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional “20 de Noviembre”, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales para los Trabajadores del Estado, Mexico City 03229, Mexico
| | - Ramón Mauricio Coral-Vázquez
- Department of Teaching and Research, Centro Médico Nacional “20 de Noviembre”, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales para los Trabajadores del Estado, Mexico City 03229, Mexico
- Postgraduate Section, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Silvia Garcia
- Department of Neuroscience, Centro Médico Nacional “20 de Noviembre”, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales para los Trabajadores del Estado, Mexico City 03229, Mexico
- Correspondence: (C.G.T.-L.); (S.G.); Tel.: +52-5519562089 (C.G.T.-L.); +52-5554377491 (S.G.)
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Chen Q, Lai Q, Jiang Y, Yao J, Chen Q, Zhang L, Wang C, Zhou Y, Deng M, Xu B. Anlotinib exerts potent antileukemic activities in Ph chromosome negative and positive B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia via perturbation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Transl Oncol 2022; 25:101516. [PMID: 35985203 PMCID: PMC9418595 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite advances in the development of novel targeted therapies, the need for B-ALL alternative treatments has not been met. Anlotinib could blunt the proangiogenic activity of VEGFR, PDGFR, and FGFR, and has shown strong antitumor activities across multiple tumors. However, anlotinib cytotoxicity against B-ALL has not ever been evaluated, thus prompting us to initiate this study. METHODS Expression2Kinases program was used to identify potential treatment targets. Cell viability and apoptosis were determined by CCK-8 and Annexin V/PI staining kit, respectively. qRT-PCR and Western blotting were utilized to investigate the molecular mechanisms. In vivo antileukemia activity of Anlotinib was evaluated in a Ph+ B-ALL patient-Derived Xenograft (PDX) model. RESULTS Compared with treatment-naive B-ALL cases, RR B-ALL patients had higher activities in the VEGF/VEGFR signaling and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Exposure of Ph- and Ph+ B-ALL cells to anlotinib resulted in significant cell viability reduction, apoptosis enhancement, and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Importantly, anlotinib treatment led to remarkably decreased leukemia burdens and extended the survival period in a Ph+ B-ALL PDX model. Blockade of the role of the proangiogenic mediators, comprising VEGFR2, PDGFR-beta, and FGFR3, played a critical role in the cytotoxicity of anlotinib against Ph- and Ph+ B-ALL. Moreover, anlotinib dampened the activity of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway that resides in the convergence of the three mentioned proangiogenic signals. CONCLUSION This work provides impressive preclinical evidence of anlotinib against Ph- and Ph+ B-ALL and raises a rationale for future clinical evaluation of this drug in the management of Ph- and Ph+ B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No.55, Zhenhai Road, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, China; Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen 361102, China; Department of Hematology & Oncology, Fujian Children's Hospital, Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Qian Lai
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No.55, Zhenhai Road, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, China; Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yuelong Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No.55, Zhenhai Road, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, China; Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jingwei Yao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No.55, Zhenhai Road, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, China; Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Qinwei Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No.55, Zhenhai Road, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, China; Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No.55, Zhenhai Road, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, China; Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Caiyan Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No.55, Zhenhai Road, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, China; Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No.55, Zhenhai Road, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, China; Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Manman Deng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No.55, Zhenhai Road, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, China; Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No.55, Zhenhai Road, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, China; Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen 361102, China.
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Genomic and Clinical Analysis of Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7904293. [PMID: 36017149 PMCID: PMC9398850 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7904293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective. This study investigated the types and significance of mutant genes in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Methods. The gene sequencing data of 89 ALL children were retrospectively analyzed. Log-rank test was used to analyze the effect of different numbers of mutant genes on the clinical characteristics of the patients and disease. Results. Known gene mutations were detected in 64% (57/89) of the children, including one gene mutation in 31% and two or more gene mutations in 33% of the patients. Gene sequencing showed that most mutations occurred in KRAS (17%), NRAS (15%), FLT3 (7%), TP53 (7%), and PTPN11 (7%), and functional clustering analysis showed that most were signaling pathway genes (50%). In the overall cohort, no association was found between clinical characteristics and gene mutation. The children were then classified into three groups: group A (no gene mutation), group B (one gene mutation), and group C (two or more gene mutations). Correlation analysis showed that group A had significantly more children with medium risk ALL (
), and group C had markedly more children with high risk ALL (
). Further analysis showed that children with mutant genes took significantly more time to enter the maintenance phase than children without mutations. Conclusion. Children with ALL had a high gene mutation rate, especially in KRAS and NRAS genes, and the mutant genes were mainly signal pathway-related. The gene mutations were significantly correlated with clinical phenotype and the time taken to enter the maintenance phase.
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205
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Polo-like Kinase 4: the Variation During Therapy and its Relation to Treatment Response and Prognostic Risk Stratification in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2022; 45:189-194. [PMID: 35973104 PMCID: PMC10115493 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) plays an essential role in the tumorigenesis of some blood malignancies; consequently, we hypothesized that PLK4 might serve as a potential biomarker in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. Therefore, this study investigated the expression of PLK4 and its clinical relevance in childhood ALL patients. Bone marrow specimens were collected from 95 childhood ALL patients and 20 primary immune thrombocytopenia patients (as controls), and their PLK4 expression (reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction) was measured after enrollment. Besides, the PLK4 expression in childhood ALL patients was also determined at day 15 after the initiation of induction therapy (D15). PLK4 was increased in childhood ALL patients compared with controls (2.830 (interquartile range (IQR): 1.890-3.660) versus 0.976 (IQR: 0.670-1.288), P≤0.001). PLK4 at diagnosis was elevated in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients than in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients (P=0.027). Besides, PLK4 at diagnosis was positively linked with the Chinese Medical Association risk stratification (P=0.016), but not with prednisone response (P=0.077) or bone marrow response (P=0.083). In addition, PLK4 was decreased at D15 after treatment compared with at diagnosis (P≤0.001). Interestingly, PLK4 at D15 (P=0.033) was elevated in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients than in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. Furthermore, increased PLK4 at D15 was associated with poor prednisone response (P=0.018), poor bone marrow response (P=0.034), and increased the Chinese Medical Association risk stratification (P=0.015). In terms of prognosis, high PLK4 was associated with shorter event-free survival (P=0.020), whereas it was not related to the overall survival (P=0.135). In conclusion, PLK4 has the potential as a biomarker for treatment response and prognostic risk stratification of childhood ALL patients.
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206
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Sattarzadeh Bardsiri M, Zehtab S, Karami N, Farsinejad A, Ehsan M, Fatemi A. Association of IKZF1 and CDKN2A gene polymorphisms with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a high-resolution melting analysis. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:171. [PMID: 35932035 PMCID: PMC9354342 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01325-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most prevailing pediatric hematologic malignancy, and various factors such as environmental exposures and genetic variation affect ALL susceptibility and patients outcome. According to genome-wide association studies, several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IKZF1 (rs4132601) and CDKN2A (rs3731249 and rs3731217) genes are associated with ALL susceptibility. Hereupon, this study aimed to discover the association between these SNPs and the risk of childhood ALL among a sample of the Iranian population.
Methods A total of fifty children with ALL were included in this case–control study, along with an additional fifty healthy children, matched for age and gender. High-resolution melting (HRM) analysis was employed to genotyping rs4132601, rs3731249, and rs3731217.
Results In the patient group, the CT genotype and T allele frequency of rs3731249 were significantly greater than controls (p = 0.01 and p = 0.005, respectively). Moreover, the positive association of CT and dominant model (CT + TT) genotypes and T allele at rs3731249 with the risk of ALL was confirmed (OR = 9.56, OR = 10.76 and OR = 11.00, respectively). There was no significant relation between rs4132601 (IKZF1), rs3731217 (CDKN2A), and childhood ALL. Conclusion The present study indicates that CT genotype and T allele at rs3731249 (CDKN2A) can significantly increase the risk of ALL among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahla Sattarzadeh Bardsiri
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Comprehensive Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Zehtab
- Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Najibe Karami
- Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Alireza Farsinejad
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Comprehensive Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohsen Ehsan
- Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Fatemi
- Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. .,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran.
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Geisslinger F, Müller M, Chao YK, Grimm C, Vollmar AM, Bartel K. Targeting TPC2 sensitizes acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells to chemotherapeutics by impairing lysosomal function. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:668. [PMID: 35915060 PMCID: PMC9343397 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05105-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite novel therapy regimens and extensive research, chemoresistance remains a challenge in leukemia treatment. Of note, recent studies revealed lysosomes as regulators of cell death and chemotherapy response, suggesting this organelle is a novel target for chemosensitization. Interestingly, drug-resistant VCR-R CEM acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells have an increased expression of the lysosomal cation channel Two-Pore-Channel 2 (TPC2) compared to drug-naïve CCRF-CEM ALL cells. Concurrently, knockout (KO) of TPC2 sensitized drug-resistant VCR-R CEM cells to treatment with cytostatics. The chemosensitizing effect could be confirmed in several cell lines as well as in heterogeneous, patient-derived xenograft ALL cells, using the pharmacological TPC2 inhibitors naringenin and tetrandrine. We reveal that a dual mechanism of action mediates chemo sensitization by loss of lysosomal TPC2 function. First, because of increased lysosomal pH, lysosomal drug sequestration is impaired, leading to an increased nuclear accumulation of doxorubicin and hence increased DNA damage. Second, lysosomes of TPC2 KO cells are more prone to lysosomal damage as a result of morphological changes and dysregulation of proteins influencing lysosomal stability. This leads to induction of lysosomal cell death (LCD), evident by increased cathepsin B levels in the cytosol, truncation of pro-apoptotic Bid, as well as the reversibility of cell death by co-treatment with the cathepsin B inhibitor CA-074Me in TPC2 KO cells. In summary, this study establishes TPC2 as a novel, promising, druggable target for combination therapy approaches in ALL to overcome chemoresistance, which could be exploited in the clinic in the future. Additionally, it unravels LCD signaling as an important death-inducing component upon loss of TPC2 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Geisslinger
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XLudwig-Maximilians University, Departement of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Müller
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XLudwig-Maximilians University, Departement of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Munich, Germany
| | - Yu-Kai Chao
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XLudwig-Maximilians University, Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Grimm
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XLudwig-Maximilians University, Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany
| | - Angelika M. Vollmar
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XLudwig-Maximilians University, Departement of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Munich, Germany
| | - Karin Bartel
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XLudwig-Maximilians University, Departement of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Munich, Germany
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RUNX1 and RUNX3 Genes Expression Level in Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia-A Case Control Study. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:3455-3464. [PMID: 36005134 PMCID: PMC9406551 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44080238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic factors of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) development are only partially understood. The Runt-Related Transcription Factor (RUNX) gene family play a crucial role in hematological malignancies, serving both a tumor suppressor and promoter function. The aim of this study was the assessment of relative RUNX1 and RUNX3 genes expression level among adult ALL cases and a geographically and ethnically matched control group. The relative RUNX1 and RUNX3 genes expression level was assessed by qPCR. The investigated group comprised 60 adult patients newly diagnosed with ALL. The obtained results were compared with a group of 40 healthy individuals, as well as clinical and hematological parameters of patients, and submitted for statistical analysis. ALL patients tend to have significantly higher RUNX1 gene expression level compared with controls. This observation is also true for risk group stratification where high-risk (HR) patients presented higher levels of RUNX1. A higher RUNX1 transcript level correlates with greater leukocytosis while RUNX3 expression is reduced in Philadelphia chromosome bearers. The conducted study sustains the hypothesis that both a reduction and increase in the transcript level of RUNX family genes may be involved in leukemia pathogenesis, although their interaction is complex. In this context, overexpression of the RUNX1 gene in adult ALL cases in particular seems interesting. Obtained results should be interpreted with caution. Further analysis in this research field is needed.
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Elderdery AY, Alzahrani B, Alanazi F, Hamza SM, Elkhalifa AM, Alhamidi AH, Alabdulsalam AA, Mohamedain A, Kumar SS, Mok PL. Amelioration of human acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells by ZnO-TiO2-Chitosan-Amygdalin nanocomposites. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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210
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Shafiei SL, Movassaghpour A, Hosseini SF, Talebi M, Edalati M, Torabi Goudarzi S, Soltani-Zangbar MS, Mehdizadeh A, Yousefi M. The altered expression of homing factors in CD34 + hematopoietic stem cells following G-CSF injection and its effects on transplantation quality in ALL patients. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:1876-1885. [PMID: 35880847 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) transplantation is considered a suitable treatment for malignant or nonmalignant hematological diseases. This study aims to investigate the HSCs homing factors in bone marrow (BM) donors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients following granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) injection, as well as the G-CSF effects on BM transplantation quality in these patients. To mobilize HSCs into peripheral blood, G-CSF was used for ALL patient's BM donors. For HSCs counting, CD34+ cells were evaluated in analogous and autologous donors using flow cytometry. The expression of stem cell homing factors in CD34+ cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were investigated using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. Finally, hematological factors after BM transplantation in ALL patients were assessed. According to our results, after G-CSF injection, the level of CD34+ HSCs was statistically increased. Besides, autologous donors showed a higher level of CD34+ cells compared to analogous donors before and after G-CSF injection. Additionally, a higher number of CD34+ HSCs was achieved in the autologous samples following G-CSF injection. Furthermore, after G-CSF injection, the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9 was increased; while, stromal cell-derived factor 1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression were decreased. Moreover, the expression of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4, lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1, and very late antigen-4 in CD34+ cells and PBMCs were decreased. BM transplantation on Day 90 also caused an increased level of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets as compared to the first day; however, no statistical differences were observed in hemoglobin level. In conclusion, G-CSF by altering the expression of HSCs homing factors in ALL donors improves BM transplantation quality in ALL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyede-Leila Shafiei
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Movassaghpour
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyede Fatemeh Hosseini
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Tabas, School of Nursing, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mehdi Talebi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Edalati
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Torabi Goudarzi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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211
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Gladbach YS, Sklarz LM, Roolf C, Beck J, Schütz E, Fuellen G, Junghanss C, Murua Escobar H, Hamed M. Molecular Characterization of the Response to Conventional Chemotherapeutics in Pro-B-ALL Cell Lines in Terms of Tumor Relapse. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071240. [PMID: 35886023 PMCID: PMC9316692 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about optimally applying chemotherapeutic agents in a specific temporal sequence to rapidly reduce the tumor load and to improve therapeutic efficacy. The clinical optimization of drug efficacy while reducing side effects is still restricted due to an incomplete understanding of the mode of action and related tumor relapse mechanisms on the molecular level. The molecular characterization of transcriptomic drug signatures can help to identify the affected pathways, downstream regulated genes and regulatory interactions related to tumor relapse in response to drug application. We tried to outline the dynamic regulatory reprogramming leading to tumor relapse in relapsed MLL-rearranged pro-B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) cells in response to two first-line treatments: dexamethasone (Dexa) and cytarabine (AraC). We performed an integrative molecular analysis of whole transcriptome profiles of each treatment, specifically considering public knowledge of miRNA regulation via a network-based approach to unravel key driver genes and miRNAs that may control the relapse mechanisms accompanying each treatment. Our results gave hints to the crucial regulatory roles of genes leading to Dexa-resistance and related miRNAs linked to chemosensitivity. These genes and miRNAs should be further investigated in preclinical models to obtain more hints about relapse processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Saara Gladbach
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research (IBIMA), Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (Y.S.G.); (G.F.)
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lisa-Madeleine Sklarz
- Clinic III—Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Center for Internal Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (L.-M.S.); (C.R.); (C.J.); (H.M.E.)
| | - Catrin Roolf
- Clinic III—Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Center for Internal Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (L.-M.S.); (C.R.); (C.J.); (H.M.E.)
| | - Julia Beck
- Chronix Biomedical GmbH, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; (J.B.); (E.S.)
| | - Ekkehard Schütz
- Chronix Biomedical GmbH, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; (J.B.); (E.S.)
| | - Georg Fuellen
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research (IBIMA), Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (Y.S.G.); (G.F.)
| | - Christian Junghanss
- Clinic III—Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Center for Internal Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (L.-M.S.); (C.R.); (C.J.); (H.M.E.)
| | - Hugo Murua Escobar
- Clinic III—Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Center for Internal Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (L.-M.S.); (C.R.); (C.J.); (H.M.E.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (CCC-MV), Campus Rostock, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Mohamed Hamed
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research (IBIMA), Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (Y.S.G.); (G.F.)
- Correspondence:
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212
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Downes CEJ, McClure BJ, McDougal DP, Heatley SL, Bruning JB, Thomas D, Yeung DT, White DL. JAK2 Alterations in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Molecular Insights for Superior Precision Medicine Strategies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:942053. [PMID: 35903543 PMCID: PMC9315936 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.942053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric cancer, arising from immature lymphocytes that show uncontrolled proliferation and arrested differentiation. Genomic alterations affecting Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) correlate with some of the poorest outcomes within the Philadelphia-like subtype of ALL. Given the success of kinase inhibitors in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia, the discovery of activating JAK2 point mutations and JAK2 fusion genes in ALL, was a breakthrough for potential targeted therapies. However, the molecular mechanisms by which these alterations activate JAK2 and promote downstream signaling is poorly understood. Furthermore, as clinical data regarding the limitations of approved JAK inhibitors in myeloproliferative disorders matures, there is a growing awareness of the need for alternative precision medicine approaches for specific JAK2 lesions. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms behind ALL-associated JAK2 mutations and JAK2 fusion genes, known and potential causes of JAK-inhibitor resistance, and how JAK2 alterations could be targeted using alternative and novel rationally designed therapies to guide precision medicine approaches for these high-risk subtypes of ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte EJ. Downes
- Blood Cancer Program, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Barbara J. McClure
- Blood Cancer Program, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Daniel P. McDougal
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Susan L. Heatley
- Blood Cancer Program, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Australian and New Zealand Children’s Oncology Group (ANZCHOG), Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - John B. Bruning
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Daniel Thomas
- Blood Cancer Program, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - David T. Yeung
- Blood Cancer Program, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Royal Adelaide Hospital and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Deborah L. White
- Blood Cancer Program, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Australian and New Zealand Children’s Oncology Group (ANZCHOG), Clayton, VIC, Australia
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213
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Ai L, Peng T, Li Y, Kuai H, Sima Y, Su M, Wang D, Yang Q, Wang X, Tan W. A Dual‐Targeting Circular Aptamer Strategy Enables the Recognition of Different Leukemia Cells with Enhanced Binding Ability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Ai
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL) State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of Biology Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Tianhuan Peng
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL) State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of Biology Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Yingying Li
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL) State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of Biology Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Hailan Kuai
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL) State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of Biology Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Yingyu Sima
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL) State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of Biology Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Minhui Su
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL) State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of Biology Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Dan Wang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL) State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of Biology Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Qiuxia Yang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL) State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of Biology Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Xue‐Qiang Wang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL) State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of Biology Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL) State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of Biology Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital) Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC) Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou Zhejiang 310022 China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM) Renji Hospital School of Medicine College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 China
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214
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Fallati A, Di Marzo N, D’Amico G, Dander E. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs): An Ally of B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (B-ALL) Cells in Disease Maintenance and Progression within the Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Niche. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143303. [PMID: 35884364 PMCID: PMC9323332 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is the most common pediatric cancer. Even though the cure rate actually exceeds 85%, the prognosis of relapsed/refractory patients is dismal. Recent literature data indicate that the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment could play a crucial role in the onset, maintenance and progression of the disease. In particular, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which are key components of the BM niche, actively crosstalk with leukemic cells providing crucial signals for their survival and resistance to therapy. We hereby review the main mechanisms exploited by MSCs to nurture and protect B-ALL cells that could become appealing targets for innovative microenvironment remodeling therapies to be coupled with classical leukemia-directed strategies. Abstract Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are structural components of the bone marrow (BM) niche, where they functionally interact with hematopoietic stem cells and more differentiated progenitors, contributing to hematopoiesis regulation. A growing body of evidence is nowadays pointing to a further crucial contribution of MSCs to malignant hematopoiesis. In the context of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), MSCs can play a pivotal role in the definition of a leukemia-supportive microenvironment, impacting on disease pathogenesis at different steps including onset, maintenance and progression. B-ALL cells hijack the BM microenvironment, including MSCs residing in the BM niche, which in turn shelter leukemic cells and protect them from chemotherapeutic agents through different mechanisms. Evidence is now arising that altered MSCs can become precious allies to leukemic cells by providing nutrients, cytokines, pro-survivals signals and exchanging organelles, as hereafter reviewed. The study of the mechanisms exploited by MSCs to nurture and protect B-ALL blasts can be instrumental in finding new druggable candidates to target the leukemic BM microenvironment. Some of these microenvironment-targeting strategies are already in preclinical or clinical experimentation, and if coupled with leukemia-directed therapies, could represent a valuable option to improve the prognosis of relapsed/refractory patients, whose management represents an unmet medical need.
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215
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Mutational Analysis of the VPREB1 Gene of Pre-BCR Complex in a Cohort of Sporadic Pediatric Patients With B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2022; 44:210-219. [PMID: 35398858 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
During bone marrow B-cell development, the pre-B-cell receptor is formed by the association of the immunoglobulin heavy chain with a surrogate light chain, which is encoded by the VPREB1, and λ5 genes. It is known that pre-BCR signaling signifies a critical checkpoint at the pre-B-cell stage. Thus, failure pre-BCR signaling is proposed as a critical factor for the development of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). B‑ALL is the most common pediatric cancer and is one of the leading causes of death in children. Until now, several molecular analyses were performed for genomic alterations in B-ALL, but for genomic analysis of the VPREB1 gene and its rare variations, limited studies have been conducted. In this study, using polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing of 88 pediatric patients with B-ALL, we investigated the genomic region of the VPREB1 gene to find sequence variations of this gene. Our study presented ten homozygous and heterozygous point mutations and heterozygous nucleotide deletions, in the VPREB1 gene in 36 boys and 32 girls' patients. Our Bioinformatics assay results presented that these variations may alter the RNA folding, protein structure, and therefore probable effect on the protein function. These results propose that nucleotide changes probably contribute to B-ALL pathogenesis.
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216
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Goswami S, Chiang CL, Zapolnik K, Nunes J, Ventura A, Mo X, Xie Z, Lee LJ, Baskar S, Rader C, Byrd JC, Phelps M, Bhatnagar B, Muthusamy N. ROR1 targeted immunoliposomal delivery of OSU-2S shows selective cytotoxicity in t(1;19)(q23;p13) translocated B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk Res 2022; 118:106872. [PMID: 35640397 PMCID: PMC10029232 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2022.106872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Swagata Goswami
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Chi-Ling Chiang
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kevan Zapolnik
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jessica Nunes
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ann Ventura
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xiaokui Mo
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zhiliang Xie
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - L James Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sivasubramanian Baskar
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - John C Byrd
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mitch Phelps
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Bhavana Bhatnagar
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Natarajan Muthusamy
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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217
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GÖKKAYA B, ATASOY S, ÇIRAKOĞLU A, TARKAN ARGÜDEN Y, KURU RD, YILMAZ Ş, ÖNGÖREN Ş, DEVİREN A. A Preliminary Investigation on the Chromosome Aberrations in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia Using Multiprobe Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Panel. BEZMIALEM SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.14235/bas.galenos.2021.5638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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218
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Xu L, Zhao W, Pu J, Wang S, Liu S, Li H, Yu R. A Pax-5a gene analysis approach enabled by selective digestion with lambda exonuclease. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:2415-2422. [PMID: 35670541 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00469k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the rapid increase in acute leukemia patients, the detection of Pax-5a, which is a tumor marker, is very important for the early diagnosis of patients. Therefore, by combining the selective digestion function of lambda exonuclease and the hybridization chain reaction (HCR) enzyme-free amplification system, we design a biosensor to detect the Pax-5a gene with high sensitivity. Lambda exonuclease can cleave the blunt end formed by the hairpin probe and the Pax-5a gene, which exposes the nucleic acid sequence that can initiate the HCR. When the HCR is triggered, the fluorophore and quencher on H1 and H2 move away from each other, so that the fluorescence signal of the quenched fluorophore can be recovered. Under optimal experimental conditions, a good linear relationship was established between the fluorescence intensity and the logarithm of the target concentration, and the limit of detection (LOD) of Pax-5a was calculated to be 7.6 pM. In addition, the biosensor can not only discriminate the base mismatch sequences of the Pax-5a gene, but also be suitable for target detection in complex human serum samples. Therefore, this biosensor, with the advantages of simple operation, high sensitivity, and good selectivity, has a good application prospect and guiding role in the diagnosis of acute B lymphocytic leukemia and the design of biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- LianLian Xu
- Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China.
| | - Weihua Zhao
- Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China.
| | - Jiamei Pu
- Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China.
| | - Suqin Wang
- Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China.
| | - Shiwen Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang 330029, P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Li
- Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China.
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Ruqin Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
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219
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Extracellular Vesicles and Cancer Therapy: Insights into the Role of Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061194. [PMID: 35740091 PMCID: PMC9228181 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a significant role in cancer development and cancer therapy, and is a major contributor to normal tissue injury. The unique characteristics of extracellular vesicles (EVs) have made them potentially useful as a diagnostic tool in that their molecular content indicates their cell of origin and their lipid membrane protects the content from enzymatic degradation. In addition to their possible use as a diagnostic tool, their role in how normal and diseased cells communicate is of high research interest. The most exciting area is the association of EVs, oxidative stress, and pathogenesis of numerous diseases. However, the relationship between oxidative stress and oxidative modifications of EVs is still unclear, which limits full understanding of the clinical potential of EVs. Here, we discuss how EVs, oxidative stress, and cancer therapy relate to one another; how oxidative stress can contribute to the generation of EVs; and how EVs’ contents reveal the presence of oxidative stress. We also point out the potential promise and limitations of using oxidatively modified EVs as biomarkers of cancer and tissue injury with a focus on pediatric oncology patients.
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220
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Tang BJ, Sun B, Chen L, Xiao J, Huang ST, Xu P. The Landscape of Exosome-Derived Non-Coding RNA in Leukemia. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:912303. [PMID: 35784717 PMCID: PMC9240230 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.912303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia is a group of life-threatening hematological malignancies which is currently incurable and often accompanied by drug resistance or disease relapse. Understanding the pathogenesis of leukemia and finding specific therapeutic targets and biomarkers is of great importance to improve the clinical efficacy of leukemia. Exosome-derived ncRNAs have been demonstrated as critical components of intercellular communication and function as key facilitators in the leukemia biological process. This review outlines the current investigations of exosomal ncRNAs (including miRNA, circRNA, and lncRNA) as important mediators of leukemia and potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers for leukemia treatment. Moreover, we generally analyze the prospects and challenges for exosomal ncRNAs from the aspects of research and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Jie Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bao Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shu-Ting Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Ping Xu,
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221
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St. Jude Total Therapy studies from I to XVII for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a brief review. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2022; 34:25. [PMID: 35696003 DOI: 10.1186/s43046-022-00126-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapy design of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has evolved over the past 60 years. The St. Jude Children's Research Hospital has developed 17 treatment protocols from 1962 to 2017, aiming to have the most effective and least toxic treatment form. This review summarizes each protocol's objectives, inclusion criteria, treatment phases, pharmacological agents, irradiation therapy, response criteria, risk stratification, type of relapse, and overall survival. The enhancement and successful application of preventive therapy for ALL and following a risk-stratified approach have progressively improved the cure rate of childhood ALL, with relatively few adverse sequelae. Moreover, St. Jude's scientific theme serves as a reminder of the principal factor of research directed to a catastrophic disease such as ALL.
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222
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Othman T, Moskoff BN, Ho G, Tenold ME, Azenkot T, Krackeler ML, Fisch SC, Potter LA, Kaesberg PR, Welborn JL, Wun T, Esteghamat NS, Hoeg RT, Rosenberg AS, Abedi M, Tuscano JM, Jonas BA. Clinical experience with frontline Hyper-CVAD-based regimens, including Hyper-CVAD plus ponatinib, in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated at a comprehensive cancer center. Leuk Res 2022; 119:106885. [PMID: 35738024 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2022.106885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyper-CVAD is an established regimen for adult ALL that was developed at the MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC). However, results can vary across different institutions given the heterogeneity of patient populations and institutional practices. Moreover, while a MDACC study demonstrated that the combination of ponatinib plus hyper-CVAD produced remarkable activity in untreated Ph+ ALL, it remains to be externally validated. We sought to validate those findings in previously untreated adult patients with Ph+ ALL. METHODS This was a retrospective study analyzing the outcomes of previously untreated adult ALL patients treated with hyper-CVAD, with a focus on Ph+ ALL patients treated with ponatinib plus hyper-CVAD. RESULTS 82 patients were included. The median age was 51 years. The median follow-up was 2.62 years. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) were 39.5 % and 28.2 %, respectively. For Ph+ ALL patients (n = 13) receiving ponatinib plus hyper-CVAD, 3-year OS and EFS were both 92.3 %. Univariate analysis showed a high WBC and poor-risk cytogenetics to be associated with inferior outcomes, while CD20 + predicted favorable outcomes in B-ALL patients. On multivariate analysis, CD20 + retained significance for Philadelphia-negative (Ph-) ALL. For Ph+ ALL, ponatinib was associated with better OS and EFS on univariate and multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION Our data supports the use of ponatinib plus hyper-CVAD as a standard of care regimen for Ph+ ALL. Our outcomes for Ph-ALL and T-cell ALL (T-ALL) show that advances are still needed in the frontline setting, and clinical trial enrollment is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Othman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin N Moskoff
- Pharmacy Department, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Gwendolyn Ho
- Department of Hematology Oncology, The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Matthew E Tenold
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Tali Azenkot
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Margaret L Krackeler
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Samantha C Fisch
- University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Laura A Potter
- University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Paul R Kaesberg
- Pharmacy Department, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jeanna L Welborn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Ted Wun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Naseem S Esteghamat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Rasmus T Hoeg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Aaron S Rosenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Mehrdad Abedi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Joseph M Tuscano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Brian A Jonas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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Hejazi MJ, Tamaddon G, Kohan N, Sharifi M. S100A8 inhibition in leukemic lymphoblasts induces sensitivity to chemotherapy and inhibition of disease relapse. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:117. [PMID: 35674832 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01709-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy in children and relapsed B-ALL is the leading cause of mortality in children with leukemia due to a lack of response to treatment. S100A8 is a low molecular weight calcium-binding intracellular protein that is expressed in certain cells, and its increased expression is seen in most tumors as well as in relapsed childhood B-ALL cases. The present study indicates the important role of S100A8 in improving viability and resistance to chemotherapy in relapsed B-ALL lymphoblasts. S100A8 levels were compared in B-ALL and relapsed B-ALL lymphoblasts that were sensitive and resistant to Vincristine, respectively. S100A8 was inhibited in the lymphoblasts of two patients by antisense locked nucleic acid (LNA) GapmeRs and the decreased expression of S100A8 was evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA. Then, the S100A8 antisense LNA GapmeRs-transfected cells were treated with Vincristine and the expression levels of S100A8 mRNA and S100A8 protein were re-determined. At all of these stages, cell viability and LC50 were assessed by MTT assay. The results showed that S100A8 levels in relapsed B-ALL lymphoblasts were significantly higher than B-ALL lymphoblasts. Moreover, the increase in S100A8 expression was proportionate to the increase in Vincristine resistance in these cells. The S100A8 knockdown procedure using antisense LNA GapmeRs decreased the cell viability and increased vincristine sensitivity in lymphoblasts of two patients, and it also increased the sensitivity to chemotherapy in relapsed B-ALL lymphoblasts. According to the findings of the present study, S100A8 is effective in developing lymphoblast resistance to chemotherapy, and its enhanced expression may contribute to shifting B-ALL into the relapse phase of the illness. As a result, S100A8 may be a valuable target for managing and improving relapses B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Javad Hejazi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81744-176, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Tamaddon
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Narges Kohan
- Amir Oncology Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Sharifi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81744-176, Isfahan, Iran.
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224
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Serum MicroRNAs: -28-3p, -31-5p, -378a-3p, and -382-5p as novel potential biomarkers in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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225
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Kannigadu C, Aucamp J, N'Da DD. Exploring novel nitrofuranyl sulfonohydrazides as anti-Leishmania and anti-cancer agents: Synthesis, in vitro efficacy and hit identification. Chem Biol Drug Des 2022; 100:267-279. [PMID: 35648075 PMCID: PMC9546217 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis and cancer are two deadly diseases that plague the human population. There are a limited number of drugs available for the treatment of these diseases; however, their overuse has resulted in pathogenic resistance. Recent studies have indicated the repurposing of nitro‐containing compounds to be a new avenue into finding new treatments. In this study, new nitrofuranyl sulfonohydrazide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antileishmanial and anticancer activities. The analogue 2h, featuring biphenyl moiety exhibited selective (SI > 10) submicromolar activity (IC50 0.97 μM) against acute promyelocytic leukemia cells hence was identified anticancer hit. This study revealed no antileishmanial hit. However, several promising analogues were uncovered and are worthy of further structural modifications to improve their toxicity and bioactivity profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kannigadu
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Janine Aucamp
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - David D N'Da
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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226
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Kasonkanji E, Kimani S, Skiver B, Ellis G, Seguin R, Kaimila B, Tomoka T, Mulenga M, Montgomery N, Fedoriw Y, Gopal S, Westmorland KD, Painschab MS. Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Adolescents and Young Adults in Malawi. JCO Glob Oncol 2022; 8:e2100388. [PMID: 35772043 PMCID: PMC9276115 DOI: 10.1200/go.21.00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There are limited data on treatment and outcomes for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) among adolescents and young adults in sub-Saharan Africa. We describe a prospective observational cohort in Malawi.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen Kimani
- University of North Carolina Project-Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | - Grace Ellis
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Ryan Seguin
- University of North Carolina Project-Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Bongani Kaimila
- University of North Carolina Project-Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Tamiwe Tomoka
- University of North Carolina Project-Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi
- University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | | | - Nathan Montgomery
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Yuri Fedoriw
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Satish Gopal
- Center for Global Health, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Katherine D. Westmorland
- University of North Carolina Project-Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Matthew S. Painschab
- University of North Carolina Project-Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
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227
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Mitra S, Lami MS, Uddin TM, Das R, Islam F, Anjum J, Hossain MJ, Emran TB. Prospective multifunctional roles and pharmacological potential of dietary flavonoid narirutin. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112932. [PMID: 35413599 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-based phytochemicals are now being used to treat plenty of physiological diseases. Herbal drugs have gained popularity in recent years because of their strength, purity, and cheap cost-effectiveness. Citrus fruits contain significant amounts of flavanones, which falls to the category of polyphenols. Flavanones occupy a major fraction of the total polyphenols present in the plasma when orange juice is taken highly or in moderate states. Narirutin is a disaccharide derivative available in citrus fruits, primarily dihydroxy flavanone. From a pharmacological viewpoint, narirutin is a bioactive phytochemical with therapeutic efficacy. Many experimental researches were published on the use of narirutin. Anticancer activity, neuroprotection, stress relief, hepatoprotection, anti-allergic activity, antidiabetic activity, anti-adipogenic activity, anti-obesity action, and immunomodulation are a couple of the primary pharmacological properties. Narirutin also has antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. The ultimate goal of this review is to provide the current scenario of pharmacological research with narirutin; to make a better understanding for therapeutic potential of narirutin, as well as its biosynthesis strategies and side effects. Extensive literature searches and studies were undertaken to determine the pharmacological properties of narirutin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Mashia Subha Lami
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Tanvir Mahtab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Rajib Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Fahadul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Juhaer Anjum
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Jamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh.
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228
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Hispanic ethnicity and the rs4880 variant in SOD2 are associated with elevated liver enzymes and bilirubin levels in children receiving asparaginase-containing chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:113000. [PMID: 35658244 PMCID: PMC9450009 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Asparaginase is an integral component of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)3 treatment. Hepatotoxicity related to asparaginase is one of the most common treatment-related toxicities in ALL therapy. Hispanic children are at higher risk of developing ALL, and toxicities from ALL therapy. The rs4880 variant in the superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2)4 gene, a critical mitochondrial enzyme that protects cells against oxidative stress, was found to be associated with increased incidence of asparaginase-related hepatotoxicity in adult cohort of largely White non-Hispanics patients with ALL. The risk genotype (rs4880-CC) is more frequent among adult Hispanic patients with ALL. To assess the prevalence of hepatotoxicity and risk genotype among pediatric patients with ALL, particularly of Hispanic ethnicity, we conducted a prospective study of 143 pediatric patients with ALL (62.2% Hispanic). Bilirubin and hepatic transaminase levels were collected at different times during multiagent therapy including asparaginase treatment. Germline DNA blood samples were genotyped for the SOD2 rs4880. We found that the frequency of hepatotoxicity and the rs4880-CC risk genotype are higher in Hispanic patients than non-Hispanic. Patients with the CC genotype exhibit higher bilirubin and hepatic transaminase levels compared with patients with the TT and CT genotypes. In a multivariate Cox analysis, Hispanic ethnicity was identified as a strong predictor of hepatotoxicity (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.9, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.0-3.5, p = 0.05). Altogether, these findings demonstrate that hepatotoxicity is highly prevalent among Hispanic pediatric patients with ALL, and those with rs4880-CC genotype.
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229
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Ahmad SM, Ahmed BS, Khidhir KG, Rahman HS. Prospective quantitative gene expression analysis of kallikrein-related peptidase KLK10 as a diagnostic biomarker for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13489. [PMID: 35669967 PMCID: PMC9165590 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The most common malignancy in children is acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This study aimed to explore KLK10 mRNA expression as a potential diagnostic biomarker for ALL in children and to examine the effect of chemotherapy on KLK10 mRNA expression following the induction and after three months of receiving chemotherapy. Methods In this prospective study, total RNA was extracted from blood samples of 23 pediatric ALL patients on diagnosis, after one month and three months of receiving chemotherapy. Healthy pediatric volunteers (n = 12) were selected as control individuals. After cDNA synthesis, KLK10 mRNA gene expression levels were quantified using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Results KLK10 mRNA expression levels were significantly decreased in leukemic cells compared to their levels in cells of normal blood samples (p = 0.0001). KLK10 expression levels in ALL patients after one month and three months of receiving chemotherapy decreased compared to normal blood samples (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0175 respectively). The expression level of KLK10 mRNA in ALL patients after one month of chemotherapy was decreased compared to their level on diagnosis (p = 0.4413). KLK10 mRNA expression levels in ALL patients after three months of chemotherapy were increased compared to their level on diagnosis (p = 0.0602). The ROC curve illustrated that KLK10 mRNA expression could very efficiently discriminate ALL patients from normal counterparts (AUC=0.886, 95% CI [0.7720-1.000], SE = 0.0582, p = 0.0004). Conclusion KLK10 mRNA expression could serve as a potential diagnostic molecular biomarker for ALL in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shwan Majid Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
| | - Basima Sadq Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry & Clinical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
| | - Karzan Ghafur Khidhir
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
| | - Heshu Sulaiman Rahman
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
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230
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Sartor C, Arpinati M, Chirumbolo G, Dozza L, Cristiano G, Nanni J, Marconi G, Robustelli V, Vigliotta I, Parisi S, Terragna C, Testoni N, Paolini S, Martinelli G, Curti A, Cavo M, Papayannidis C. Baseline CD22 fluorescent intensity correlates with patient outcome after Inotuzumab Ozogamicin treatment. Hematol Oncol 2022; 40:734-742. [PMID: 35618655 DOI: 10.1002/hon.3029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Antigen-directed target therapy for B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is now the standard of care for relapsed/refractory (R/R) disease. A comprehensive determination of the target itself is mandatory to aid physician's choice. We determined baseline CD22 expression percentage and fluorescent intensity (FI) on lymphoblasts of 30 patients with R/R B-ALL treated with anti-CD22 immunoconjugate drug Inotuzumab Ozogamicin (INO) and analyzed the impact of both parameters on patient outcome.Most patients (24/30, 80%) had a high leukemic blast CD22-positivity defined as ≥90%. We did not observe a benefit in terms of CR, OS and DoR for patients with CD22 ≥90% vs CD22<90%.Concerning CD22-FI quartile analysis we appreciated a trend for superior response rates in higher quartiles (Q2 -Q4 ) compared to Q1 and a significant benefit in terms of OS and DoR for patients with higher CD22-FI.INO demonstrates to be effective also in patients with lower CD22 expression, but therapeutical benefits are more evident in patients with higher CD22-FI. The evaluation of both CD22 percentage and CD22-FI of the leukemic blast may help physicians in therapeutic choices for R/R B-ALL patients when multiple treatment options are available, although no CD22 expression threshold can currently be identified below which INO should be considered not effective. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Sartor
- Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mario Arpinati
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriella Chirumbolo
- Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Dozza
- Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianluca Cristiano
- Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jacopo Nanni
- Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Marconi
- Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, Bologna, Italy.,Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014, Meldola (FC), Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Robustelli
- Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Vigliotta
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Sarah Parisi
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Carolina Terragna
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Testoni
- Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Paolini
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014, Meldola (FC), Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Curti
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Cavo
- Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Papayannidis
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
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231
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The effect of apigenin and chemotherapy combination treatments on apoptosis-related genes and proteins in acute leukaemia cell lines. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8858. [PMID: 35614109 PMCID: PMC9132959 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11441-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Apigenin is a dietary polyphenol found abundantly in fruit and vegetables, which sensitizes leukaemia cells to topoisomerase inhibitor agents (e.g., etoposide), and alkylating agents (e.g., cyclophosphamide), reducing ATP levels and inducing apoptosis; whilst being protective to control haematopoietic stem cells. This study analysed the expression profiles of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis-related genes and proteins to help elucidate the mechanisms of action of apigenin when used in combination with etoposide or cyclophosphamide in lymphoid and myeloid leukaemia cell lines (Jurkat and THP-1). Expression of apoptosis-related genes were measured using a TaqMan® Human Apoptosis Array and the StepOne Plus RT-qPCR System, whilst apoptosis-related proteins were determined using a protein profiler™-human apoptosis array and the LI-COR OdysseyR Infrared Imaging System. Apigenin when combined with etoposide or cyclophosphamide-induced apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway, increasing the expression of pro-apoptotic cytochrome c, SMAC/DIABLO, and HTRA2/OMI, which promoted caspase-9 and -3 activation. Targeting anti-apoptotic and/or pro-apoptotic members of the apoptotic pathways is a promising strategy to induce cancer cell death and improve sensitivity to chemotherapy agents. Here the apoptotic pathways induced by apigenin in combination with etoposide or cyclophosphamide were identified within human leukaemia cell lines, such applications could provide combination therapies for the treatment of leukaemia.
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232
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G. SD, Ahmed F, Mundada MC, Khera R, Nambaru L, Mallavarapu K, Boyella PK, Patil V, Laddha PS, Rajappa SJ. Retrospective Study of B Lymphoblastic Leukemia to Assess the Prevalence of TEL/AML1 in South India: A Study of 214 Cases and Review of Literature. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1742611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction Translocation t(12;21)(p13;q22), a recurrent and an invisible chromosomal abnormality, resulting in TEL/AML1 gene fusion, associated with good prognosis, has been described to be a common abnormality, in children with B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL).
Objectives The initial observation of very few TEL/AML1 positive patients at this center on testing by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) led to study the prevalence of the abnormality, compare with the global distribution, and evaluate clinical, pathological, molecular, and cytogenetic features in TEL/AML1 positive patients.
Materials and Methods A retrospective study of all B-ALL patients tested for TEL/AML1 gene fusion during the period January 2009 to November 2020 was undertaken. Clinicopathological, molecular, cytogenetic, treatment, and follow-up details were collected. All publications dealing with TEL/AML1 gene rearrangement were reviewed post Google and PubMed search.
Results TEL/AML1gene rearrangement was assessed by FISH in 178 patients and by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in 36 patients and detected as the sole abnormality in 8.4% patients with additional genetic abnormalities noted on FISH evaluation. Normal karyotype was noted in 14/18 (77.7%) of these patients and 2 had complex karyotype. Complete blood count revealed hemoglobin to range from 35 to 116 g/L (median: 74 g/L), white blood count: 1.01–110×109/L (median: 7.8×109/L), platelet counts: 10–115×109/L (median: 42×109/L), blast count in peripheral smear: 0–98% (median: 41%). Immunophenotyping demonstrated 94.4% were CD34 positive, common acute lymphoblastic leukemia associated antigen (CALLA) positive with aberrant expression of CD13, CD33, CD56, singly or in combination in 58.8%.
Conclusion TEL/AML1 fusion is rare in Indian patients with B-ALL and appears to be much rarer in our region. The detection of relevant specific abnormalities is of fundamental importance in B-ALL patients and these geographic variations can be used in defining management policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Devi G.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Faiq Ahmed
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Manasi C. Mundada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rachna Khera
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Lavanya Nambaru
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Krishnamohan Mallavarapu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Pavan Kumar Boyella
- Department of Medical Oncology, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Veerandra Patil
- Department of Medical Oncology, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Pallavi Suresh Laddha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Senthil J. Rajappa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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233
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Ladikou EE, Ashworth I, Seviar D, Chevassut T. Acute leukaemia: no reason to panic. Clin Med (Lond) 2022; 22:221-224. [PMID: 35584840 DOI: 10.7861/clinmed.2022-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Acute leukaemia is characterised by uncontrolled expansion of immature leukocytes, either myeloid or lymphoid progenitors, leading to acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and acute lymphoid leukaemia (ALL), respectively. If left untreated, it is life-threatening and can lead to death within weeks. When acute leukaemia is suspected, urgent haematology input should be sought. Appropriate investigations are needed promptly to confirm diagnosis and start treatment. A multidisciplinary approach is vital to ensure appropriate management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni E Ladikou
- University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, UK and Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, UK
| | - Iona Ashworth
- University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, UK and Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, UK
| | | | - Timothy Chevassut
- University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, UK and Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, UK
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234
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW While the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has improved significantly over the last 30 years, the majority of adult patients will have their disease relapse. The BCL-2 gene was initially discovered from follicular lymphoma research; however, the BH3 family of proteins has is emerging to be crucial in patients with ALL due to their reliance on the balance of these pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins in the BH3 family. We discuss apoptosis in ALL, the reliance mechanisms, drug development in this space, and areas for future research. RECENT FINDINGS The first drugs that were developed to inhibit the BCL-2 pathway include both venetoclax (BCL-2 specific inhibitor) and navitoclax (BCL-2, BCL-XL, and BCL-W). These drugs show promise and have obtained complete remissions, minimal residual disease negative status, and have been used as a bridge to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. There are multiple ongoing clinical trials looking to assess the use of BCL-2 inhibition with chemotherapy, targeted therapies, and bi-specific T-cell engager therapies not only in both frontline and relapsed refractory ALL but also in consolidation and maintenance phases. There is still a large need for improvement of ALL outcomes in adult patients. Research has shown that ALL depends on the BCL-2 family of proteins for cell survival and proliferation. Targeting this pathway with BCL-2 inhibition has led to encouraging results, and future research is aimed at incorporating this targeted therapy into current treatment paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley M Smith
- Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Daniel R Reed
- Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, USA.
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235
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Mizuta S, Ugai T, Kato H, Doki N, Ota S, Kawakita T, Katayama Y, Kurokawa M, Nakamae H, Yano S, Nawa Y, Kanda Y, Fukuda T, Atsuta Y, Kako S. Propensity score matching/reweighting analysis comparing autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantation for B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Int J Hematol 2022; 116:393-400. [PMID: 35536509 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-022-03368-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We compared the outcomes of autologous stem cell transplantation (auto-SCT) with those of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) from a human leukocyte antigen-matched related donor in patients with Philadelphia chromosome-negative B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Newly diagnosed patients who underwent allo-SCT (n = 486) or auto-SCT (n = 99) after achieving first complete remission (CR) were included. Propensity score matching (PS) and an inverse probability of the treatment weighting (IPTW) analysis were applied to compensate for imbalances in baseline characteristics. The 5 years rates of overall survival (OS) among those in the PS-matched cohorts were 57% [95% confidence interval (CI) 46-67%] for those who received allo-SCT and 44% (95% CI 33-54%) for those who received auto-SCT. Multivariable, propensity score-matched, and IPTW analyses all revealed no statistically significant differences in OS between the two groups [hazard ratios (HR) 0.81, 95% CI 0.53-1.27, p = 0.36; HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.40-1.78, p = 0.65; HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.25-2.02, p = 0.53, respectively]. Prospective trials that include autologous transplantation as a treatment option are needed to examine the potential of autologous transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Mizuta
- Hematology and Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan.
| | - Tomotaka Ugai
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Harumi Kato
- Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Noriko Doki
- Hematology Division, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Ota
- Department of Hematology, Sapporo Hokuyu Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshiro Kawakita
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Kumamoto Medical Center, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuta Katayama
- Department of Hematology, Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital and Atomic-Bomb Survivors Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mineo Kurokawa
- Department of Cell Therapy and Transplantation Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Shingo Yano
- Clinical Oncology and Hematology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Nawa
- Division of Hematology, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Kanda
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Takahiro Fukuda
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Atsuta
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japanese Data Center for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kako
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
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236
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Longjohn MN, Squires WRB, Christian SL. Meta-analysis of microRNA profiling data does not reveal a consensus signature for B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Gene X 2022; 821:146211. [PMID: 35134470 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is the most prevalent pediatric cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 18-22nt non-coding transcripts shown to be essential for the development of many cancers. While some miRNAs are reportedly expressed differentially between healthy and B-ALL, no studies have reported a consensus miRNA signature. Therefore, we performed a reanalysis of five miRNA datasets to identify differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRs) and a meta-analysis of previously identified DEmiRs from 25 studies. Overall, the re-analysis showed that the DEmiR data clustered by platform and not by disease state. The meta-analysis also did not reveal a consensus miRNA signature as there were many miRNAs upregulated in some studies and downregulated in others. However, eight promising miRNAs (miR-181b, miR-128b, miR-181a, miR-128, miR-128a, miR-181c, miR-155, miR-142-3p, and miR-451) were identified from the meta-analysis, which could be the basis of future investigations. These analyses reveal that standardization of miRNA isolation and analysis is needed in B-ALL to enable cross-study comparisons and identify a consensus signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modeline N Longjohn
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Willow R B Squires
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Sherri L Christian
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.
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237
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Bioprospection of l-asparaginase producing microorganisms and cloning of the l-asparaginase type II gene from a Pseudomonas putida species group isolate. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01072-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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238
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Oumerzouk J, Zbitou A, Raissi A, Yahyaoui H, Louhab N, Khatouri A, Kissani N. Neurological relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia mimicking COVID-19associated Guillain-Barré Syndrome. PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY ONCOLOGY JOURNAL 2022. [PMCID: PMC9124610 DOI: 10.1016/j.phoj.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
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239
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ALLSorts: a RNA-Seq subtype classifier for B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Blood Adv 2022; 6:4093-4097. [PMID: 35482550 PMCID: PMC9327546 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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240
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Koszałka P, Stasiłojć G, Miękus-Purwin N, Niedźwiecki M, Purwin M, Grabowski S, Bączek T. The Cooperative Anti-Neoplastic Activity of Polyphenolic Phytochemicals on Human T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cell Line MOLT-4 In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094753. [PMID: 35563141 PMCID: PMC9099961 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common hematological malignancy affecting pediatric patients. ALL treatment regimens with cytostatics manifest substantial toxicity and have reached the maximum of well-tolerated doses. One potential approach for improving treatment efficiency could be supplementation of the current regimen with naturally occurring phytochemicals with anti-cancer properties. Nutraceuticals such as quercetin, curcumin, resveratrol, and genistein have been studied in anti-cancer therapy, but their application is limited by their low bioavailability. However, their cooperative activity could potentially increase their efficiency at low, bioavailable doses. We studied their cooperative effect on the viability of a human ALL MOLT-4 cell line in vitro at the concentration considered to be in the bioavailable range in vivo. To analyze their potential side effect on the viability of non-tumor cells, we evaluated their toxicity on a normal human foreskin fibroblast cell line (BJ). In both cell lines, we also measured specific indicators of cell death, changes in cell membrane permeability (CMP), and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Even at a low bioavailable concentration, genistein and curcumin decreased MOLT-4 viability, and their combination had a significant interactive effect. While resveratrol and quercetin did not affect MOLT-4 viability, together they enhanced the effect of the genistein/curcumin mix, significantly inhibiting MOLT-4 population growth in vitro. Moreover, the analyzed phytochemicals and their combinations did not affect the BJ cell line. In both cell lines, they induced a decrease in MMP and correlating CMP changes, but in non-tumor cells, both metabolic activity and cell membrane continuity were restored in time. (4) Conclusions: The results indicate that the interactive activity of analyzed phytochemicals can induce an anti-cancer effect on ALL cells without a significant effect on non-tumor cells. It implies that the application of the combinations of phytochemicals an anti-cancer treatment supplement could be worth further investigation regardless of their low bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Koszałka
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology and Experimental Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki Street 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland; (P.K.); (G.S.)
| | - Grzegorz Stasiłojć
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology and Experimental Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki Street 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland; (P.K.); (G.S.)
| | - Natalia Miękus-Purwin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera Street 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (N.M.-P.); (M.P.)
| | - Maciej Niedźwiecki
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki Street 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Maciej Purwin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera Street 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (N.M.-P.); (M.P.)
| | - Szymon Grabowski
- GetResponse Cares Foundation, Arkońska Street 6/A3, 80-387 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Bączek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera Street 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (N.M.-P.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence:
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241
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Concurrent B Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Lymphoma/Leukemia and Monoclonal B Cell Lymphocytosis: A Case Report with Extensive Molecular Analysis. Case Rep Hematol 2022; 2022:1132544. [PMID: 35495178 PMCID: PMC9050327 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1132544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis (MBL) are common neoplasia, a simultaneous presentation is very unusual. Here, we present two different B cell clones, MBL and B-ALL, cocirculating in a 78-year-old African American male. Detailed molecular characterization revealed an unusual MPL (T487I) point mutation and unmutated VH4-39. After nonstandard chemotherapy, the patient remains in morphologic remission. These findings may stimulate further research to clarify the pathogenesis of hematologic neoplasms.
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242
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Mäkinen VP, Rehn J, Breen J, Yeung D, White DL. Multi-Cohort Transcriptomic Subtyping of B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094574. [PMID: 35562965 PMCID: PMC9099612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA sequencing provides a snapshot of the functional consequences of genomic lesions that drive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The aims of this study were to elucidate diagnostic associations (via machine learning) between mRNA-seq profiles, independently verify ALL lesions and develop easy-to-interpret transcriptome-wide biomarkers for ALL subtyping in the clinical setting. A training dataset of 1279 ALL patients from six North American cohorts was used for developing machine learning models. Results were validated in 767 patients from Australia with a quality control dataset across 31 tissues from 1160 non-ALL donors. A novel batch correction method was introduced and applied to adjust for cohort differences. Out of 18,503 genes with usable expression, 11,830 (64%) were confounded by cohort effects and excluded. Six ALL subtypes (ETV6::RUNX1, KMT2A, DUX4, PAX5 P80R, TCF3::PBX1, ZNF384) that covered 32% of patients were robustly detected by mRNA-seq (positive predictive value ≥ 87%). Five other frequent subtypes (CRLF2, hypodiploid, hyperdiploid, PAX5 alterations and Ph-positive) were distinguishable in 40% of patients at lower accuracy (52% ≤ positive predictive value ≤ 73%). Based on these findings, we introduce the Allspice R package to predict ALL subtypes and driver genes from unadjusted mRNA-seq read counts as encountered in real-world settings. Two examples of Allspice applied to previously unseen ALL patient samples with atypical lesions are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville-Petteri Mäkinen
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-8128-4054
| | - Jacqueline Rehn
- Blood Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (J.R.); (D.Y.); (D.L.W.)
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
| | - James Breen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
- South Australian Genomics Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - David Yeung
- Blood Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (J.R.); (D.Y.); (D.L.W.)
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
- Australian and New Zealand Children’s Oncology Group, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Royal Adelaide Hospital and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Deborah L. White
- Blood Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (J.R.); (D.Y.); (D.L.W.)
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
- Australian and New Zealand Children’s Oncology Group, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Australian Genomics Health Alliance, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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243
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Maimaitiyiming Y, Ye L, Yang T, Yu W, Naranmandura H. Linear and Circular Long Non-Coding RNAs in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: From Pathogenesis to Classification and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084442. [PMID: 35457264 PMCID: PMC9033105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The coding regions account for only a small part of the human genome, and the remaining vast majority of the regions generate large amounts of non-coding RNAs. Although non-coding RNAs do not code for any protein, they are suggested to work as either tumor suppressers or oncogenes through modulating the expression of genes and functions of proteins at transcriptional, posttranscriptional and post-translational levels. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) originates from malignant transformed B/T-precursor-stage lymphoid progenitors in the bone marrow (BM). The pathogenesis of ALL is closely associated with aberrant genetic alterations that block lymphoid differentiation and drive abnormal cell proliferation as well as survival. While treatment of pediatric ALL represents a major success story in chemotherapy-based elimination of a malignancy, adult ALL remains a devastating disease with relatively poor prognosis. Thus, novel aspects in the pathogenesis and progression of ALL, especially in the adult population, need to be further explored. Accumulating evidence indicated that genetic changes alone are rarely sufficient for development of ALL. Recent advances in cytogenic and sequencing technologies revealed epigenetic alterations including that of non-coding RNAs as cooperating events in ALL etiology and progression. While the role of micro RNAs in ALL has been extensively reviewed, less attention, relatively, has been paid to other non-coding RNAs. Herein, we review the involvement of linear and circular long non-coding RNAs in the etiology, maintenance, and progression of ALL, highlighting the contribution of these non-coding RNAs in ALL classification and diagnosis, risk stratification as well as treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasen Maimaitiyiming
- The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, and Department of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.M.); (L.Y.); (T.Y.)
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Linyan Ye
- The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, and Department of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.M.); (L.Y.); (T.Y.)
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tao Yang
- The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, and Department of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.M.); (L.Y.); (T.Y.)
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wenjuan Yu
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: (W.Y.); (H.N.)
| | - Hua Naranmandura
- The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, and Department of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.M.); (L.Y.); (T.Y.)
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Correspondence: (W.Y.); (H.N.)
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244
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Recent Advances in Treatment Options for Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14082021. [PMID: 35454927 PMCID: PMC9032060 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14082021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most common blood cancer in pediatric patients. Despite the enormous progress in ALL treatment, which is reflected by a high 5-year overall survival rate that reaches up to 96% in the most recent studies, there are still patients that cannot be saved. Treatment of ALL is based on conventional methods, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy. These methods carry with them the risk of very high toxicities. Severe complications related to conventional therapies decrease their effectiveness and can sometimes lead to death. Therefore, currently, numerous studies are being carried out on novel forms of treatment. In this work, classical methods of treatment have been summarized. Furthermore, novel treatment methods and the possibility of combining them with chemotherapy have been incorporated into the present work. Targeted treatment, CAR-T-cell therapy, and immunotherapy for ALL have been described. Treatment options for the relapse/chemoresistance ALL have been presented. Abstract Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most common blood cancer in pediatric patients. There has been enormous progress in ALL treatment in recent years, which is reflected by the increase in the 5-year OS from 57% in the 1970s to up to 96% in the most recent studies. ALL treatment is based primarily on conventional methods, which include chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Their main weakness is severe toxicity, which prompts dose reduction, decreases the effectiveness of the treatment, and, in some cases, can lead to death. Currently, numerous modifications in treatment regimens are applied in order to limit toxicities emerging from conventional approaches and improve outcomes. Hematological treatment of pediatric patients is reaching for more novel treatment options, such as targeted treatment, CAR-T-cells therapy, and immunotherapy. These methods are currently used in conjunction with chemotherapy. Nevertheless, the swift progress in their development and increasing efficacity can lead to applying those novel therapies as standalone therapeutic options for pediatric ALL.
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245
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Gkoudina A, Gekas C, Polydorides M, Graikos G, Papakonstantinou E, Saloupis P. Pediatric Leukemia From an Orthopedic Perspective: A Case of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Initially Managed as Septic Hip With Osteomyelitis. Cureus 2022; 14:e24103. [PMID: 35573545 PMCID: PMC9106539 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.24103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) represents the most common pediatric cancer accounting for about one-third of all malignancies in childhood. The differential diagnosis for a pediatric patient manifesting with joint pain and refusal to bear weight is wide and includes trauma, transient synovitis, septic arthritis, rheumatologic disorders, and malignancy. Overt complaints from the musculoskeletal system as the initial manifestation of ALL may present in up to 30% of cases with normal laboratory tests and without hepatosplenomegaly or lymphadenopathy, perplexing the establishment of a definite diagnosis. Herein, we report the case of a three-year-old male who presented with recurrent hip pain and fever masquerading as septic arthritis recalcitrant to intravenous (IV) antibiotics, irrigation, and debridement of the hip joint with a final diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia confirmed by bone marrow biopsy.
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246
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Boettcher M, Joechner A, Li Z, Yang SF, Schlegel P. Development of CAR T Cell Therapy in Children-A Comprehensive Overview. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11082158. [PMID: 35456250 PMCID: PMC9024694 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11082158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
CAR T cell therapy has revolutionized immunotherapy in the last decade with the successful establishment of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-expressing cellular therapies as an alternative treatment in relapsed and refractory CD19-positive leukemias and lymphomas. There are fundamental reasons why CAR T cell therapy has been approved by the Food and Drug administration and the European Medicines Agency for pediatric and young adult patients first. Commonly, novel therapies are developed for adult patients and then adapted for pediatric use, due to regulatory and commercial reasons. Both strategic and biological factors have supported the success of CAR T cell therapy in children. Since there is an urgent need for more potent and specific therapies in childhood malignancies, efforts should also include the development of CAR therapeutics and expand applicability by introducing new technologies. Basic aspects, the evolution and the drawbacks of childhood CAR T cell therapy are discussed as along with the latest clinically relevant information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Boettcher
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Alexander Joechner
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia;
- Cellular Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Sydney 2145, Australia; (Z.L.); (S.F.Y.)
| | - Ziduo Li
- Cellular Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Sydney 2145, Australia; (Z.L.); (S.F.Y.)
| | - Sile Fiona Yang
- Cellular Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Sydney 2145, Australia; (Z.L.); (S.F.Y.)
| | - Patrick Schlegel
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia;
- Cellular Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Sydney 2145, Australia; (Z.L.); (S.F.Y.)
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Westmead Children’s Hospital, Sydney 2145, Australia
- Correspondence:
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247
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Comprehensive Analysis of Potential Biomarkers of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Children by Using a Competing Endogenous RNA Network. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:4563523. [PMID: 35432537 PMCID: PMC9007646 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4563523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most serious hematological carcinoma in adolescents. The significance of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and their regulative role in the proliferation and differentiation of myeloid cells in cancer has been recently reported. Nevertheless, key RNAs and the regulatory mechanism of competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network affected by pediatric ALL are not fully illustrated. In this study, phase 2 and 3 pediatric ALL RNA profiles were extracted from the TARGET database and used to identify lncRNAs, microRNAs, and messenger RNAs in high-risk ALL and reconstruct the sponge ceRNA regulatory network. Results indicated that 44 lncRNAs, 25 miRNAs, and 115 mRNA were up/downregulated. Functional analysis with differentially expressed RNAs (DERNAs) showed enriched significant signaling pathways, including PI3K-Akt and p53 signaling cascades and other pathways associated with the tumor. Seventeen differential hub RNAs, including LINC00909, BZRAP1-AS1, C17orf76-AS1, HCG11, MIAT, SNHG5, SNHG15, and TP73-AS1, were identified. The Cox model of correlation indicated that 14 of these RNAs were associated with the progression of pediatric ALL. These findings would help clarify the regulatory role of several lncRNAs as well as provide insights into the leukemogenesis of pediatric ALL to further explore novel prognostic markers/therapeutic targets for ALL.
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Reddi D, Seaton BW, Woolston D, Aicher L, Monroe LD, Mao ZJ, Harrell JC, Radich JP, Advani A, Papadantonakis N, Yeung CCS. AKR1C3 expression in T acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma for clinical use as a biomarker. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5809. [PMID: 35388063 PMCID: PMC8986791 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09697-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate aldo–keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3) expression in T and B acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (ALL) patients. Three commercial antibodies were evaluated for AKR1C3 immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining performance: Polyclonal Thermofisher scientific (Clone#PA523667), rabbit monoclonal Abcam [EPR16726] (ab209899) and Sigma/Millipore anti-AKR1C3 antibody, mouse monoclonal, clone NP6.G6.A6, purified from hybridoma cell culture. Initial optimization was performed on cell line controls: HCT116 (negative control); genetically modified cell line HCT116 with AKR1C3 overexpression; Nalm and TF1 cell lines. Twenty normal bone marrows from archival B and T-ALL patient samples were subsequently examined. AKR1C3 expression levels in these samples were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, Protein Wes and quantitative RT-PCR. Sigma/Millipore Anti-AKR1C3 antibody (mouse monoclonal, clone NP6.G6.A6) showed higher specificity compared to rabbit polyclonal antibody by immunohistochemistry. H-score was used to quantify percent of nuclear immunoreactivity for AKR1C3 with varying disease involvement. T-ALL samples had a higher H-score (172–190) compared to B-ALL cases (H-score, 30–160). The AKR1C3 expression in peripheral blood by Protein Wes and RT-qPCR showed concordance in relapsed/refractory and/or minimal residual T-ALL cases. Sigma/Millipore Anti-AKR1C3 antibody and mouse monoclonal, clone NP6.G6.A6 can be used to aid in AKR1C expression of T-ALL and in cases of relapsed/refractory and/or minimal residual disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Reddi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
| | | | - David Woolston
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lauri Aicher
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Luke D Monroe
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zhengwei J Mao
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jill C Harrell
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Anjali Advani
- Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Cecilia C S Yeung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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249
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Gupta S, Sharma RS, Singh R. Non-ionizing radiation as possible carcinogen. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:916-940. [PMID: 32885667 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2020.1806212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The advent of wireless technologies has revolutionized the way we communicate. The steady upsurge in the use of mobile phone all over the world in the last two decades, while triggered economic growth, has caused substantial damage to the environment, both directly and indirectly. The electromagnetic radiation generated from mobile phones, radio-based stations, and phone towers, high-voltage power lines have been reported which leads to the variety of health scares such as the risk of cancer in human beings and adverse effects in animals, birds, etc. Though the usage of such radiation emitting from mobile phones has risen steeply, there is a lack of proper knowledge about the associated risks. The review provides the latest research evidence based both on in vitro studies, in vivo studies, and possible gaps in our knowledge. Moreover, the present review also summarizes available literature in this subject, reports and studies which will help to form guidelines for its exposure limits to the public.Abbreviations: Continuous Wave: CW; Code Division Multiple Access: CDMA; Global System for Mobile Communications: GSM; Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell: PBMC; Radiofrequency: RF; Radiofrequency radiation: RFR; Universal Mobile Telecommunications System: UMTS; Wideband Code Division Multiple Access: WCDMA; Specific Absorption Rate: SAR; National Toxicology Program: NTP; amplitude-modulated or amplitude-modulation: AM; Electromagnetic frequencies: EMF; confidence interval: CI; Gigahertz: GHz; odds ratio: OR; incidence ratio: IR; reactive oxygen species: ROS; specific absorption rate: SAR; International Agency of Research on Cancer: IARC; single-strand breaks: SSB; double-strand breaks: DSB (7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene): DMBA; Hour: h; international commission on non-ionizing radiation protection: ICNIRP; extremely low frequency: ELFl; microtesla: mT; Gigahertz: GHz; hertz: Hz; decibel: dB; kilometer: Km; Watt per square meter: W/m2; Hour: h; positron emission tomography: PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwangi Gupta
- Department of Environmental Studies, Satyawati College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Radhey Shyam Sharma
- Department of RBMH & CH, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajeev Singh
- Department of Environmental Studies, Satyawati College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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250
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Sun W, Guo J, McClellan D, Poeschla A, Bareyan D, Casey MJ, Cairns BR, Tantin D, Engel ME. GFI1 Cooperates with IKZF1/IKAROS to Activate Gene Expression in T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:501-514. [PMID: 34980595 PMCID: PMC8983472 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Growth factor independence-1 (GFI1) is a transcriptional repressor and master regulator of normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Repression by GFI1 is attributable to recruitment of LSD1-containing protein complexes via its SNAG domain. However, the full complement of GFI1 partners in transcriptional control is not known. We show that in T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells, GFI1 and IKAROS are transcriptional partners that co-occupy regulatory regions of hallmark T-cell development genes. Transcriptional profiling reveals a subset of genes directly transactivated through the GFI1-IKAROS partnership. Among these is NOTCH3, a key factor in T-ALL pathogenesis. Surprisingly, NOTCH3 expression by GFI1 and IKAROS requires the GFI1 SNAG domain but occurs independent of SNAG-LSD1 binding. GFI1 variants deficient in LSD1 binding fail to activate NOTCH3, but conversely, small molecules that disrupt the SNAG-LSD1 interaction while leaving the SNAG primary structure intact stimulate NOTCH3 expression. These results identify a noncanonical transcriptional control mechanism in T-ALL which supports GFI1-mediated transactivation in partnership with IKAROS and suggest competition between LSD1-containing repressive complexes and others favoring transactivation. IMPLICATIONS Combinatorial diversity and cooperation between DNA binding proteins and complexes assembled by them can direct context-dependent transcriptional outputs to control cell fate and may offer new insights for therapeutic targeting in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Sun
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jingtao Guo
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - David McClellan
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Alexandra Poeschla
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Diana Bareyan
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Mattie J. Casey
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Bradley R. Cairns
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Dean Tantin
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Michael E. Engel
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Primary Children’s Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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