201
|
Abstract
Nucleic acid therapeutics are an established class of drugs that enable specific targeting of a gene of interest. This diverse family of drugs includes antisense oligonucleotides, siRNAs, and mRNA replacement therapies, which can elicit both gene repression and activation, primarily at the RNA level. Recent advances in medicinal chemistry have increased drug potency and enhanced delivery and distribution to a broad array of tissue and cell types. A key advantage of nucleic acid therapeutics is in their application to monogenic diseases. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one such disease that affects ∼70,000 people globally. This severe disease is an excellent candidate for nucleic acid therapies, as it is due to a genetic defect in a single epithelial chloride channel. Although CF affects many tissues, the primary cause of patient mortality is lung disease. Here we review the various nucleic acid therapeutic modalities and their mechanisms of action, the opportunities and challenges associated with application of nucleic acid drugs to the lung pathology of CF, and the current state and prospects for nucleic acid drugs for the treatment of CF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuling Guo
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , Carlsbad, California
| |
Collapse
|
202
|
Enhancement of lung gene delivery after aerosol: a new strategy using non-viral complexes with antibacterial properties. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20160618. [PMID: 29046368 PMCID: PMC5691145 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of obstructive pulmonary diseases, such as cystic fibrosis (CF), leads to the development of chronic infections in the respiratory tract. Thus, the symptomatic management of the disease requires, in particular, repetitive antibiotherapy. Besides these antibacterial treatments, certain pathologies, such as CF or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), require the intake of many drugs. This simultaneous absorption may lead to undesirable drug interactions. For example, Orkambi® (lumacaftor/Ivacaftor, Vertex), a pharmacological drug employed to treat F508del patients, cannot be used with antibiotics such as rifampicin or rifabutin (rifamycin family) which are necessary to treat Mycobacteriaceae. As far as gene therapy is concerned, bacteria and/or biofilm in the airways present an additional barrier for gene transfer. Thus, aerosol administration of nanoparticles have to overcome many obstacles before allowing cellular penetration of therapeutic compounds. This review focusses on the development of aerosol formulations adapted to the respiratory tract and its multiple barriers. Then, formulations that are currently used in clinical applications are summarized depending on the active molecule delivered. Finally, we focus on new therapeutic approaches to reduce possible drug interactions by transferring the antibacterial activity to the nanocarrier while ensuring the transfection efficiency.
Collapse
|
203
|
Resende R, Torres H, Yuahasi K, Majumder P, Ulrich H. Delivery Systems for in Vivo use of Nucleic Acid Drugs. Drug Target Insights 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/117739280700200021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R.R. Resende
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - H.A.M. Torres
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil
| | - K.K. Yuahasi
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Present address
| | - P Majumder
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil
| | - H Ulrich
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
204
|
Uemura Y, Hagiwara K, Kobayashi K. The intratracheal administration of locked nucleic acid containing antisense oligonucleotides induced gene silencing and an immune-stimulatory effect in the murine lung. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187286. [PMID: 29107995 PMCID: PMC5673232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Locked nucleic acid containing antisense oligonucleotides (LNA-ASOs) have the potential to modulate the disease-related gene expression by the RNaseH-dependent degradation of mRNAs. Pulmonary drug delivery has been widely used for the treatment of lung disease. Thus, the inhalation of LNA-ASOs is expected to be an efficient therapy that can be applied to several types of lung disease. Because the lung has a distinct immune system against pathogens, the immune-stimulatory effect of LNA-ASOs should be considered for the development of novel inhaled LNA-ASOs therapies. However, there have been no reports on the relationship between knock-down (KD) and the immune-stimulatory effects of inhaled LNA-ASOs in the lung. In this report, LNA-ASOs targeting Scarb1 (Scarb1-ASOs) or negative control LNA-ASOs targeting ApoB (ApoB-ASOs) were intratracheally administered to mice to investigate the KD of the gene expression and the immune-stimulatory effects in the lung. We confirmed that the intratracheal administration of Scarb1-ASOs exerted a KD effect in the lung without a drug delivery system. On the other hand, both Scarb1-ASOs and ApoB-ASOs induced neutrophilic infiltration in the alveoli and increased the expression levels of G-CSF and CXCL1 in the lung. The dose required for KD was the same as the dose that induced the neutrophilic immune response. In addition, in our in vitro experiments, Scarb1-ASOs did not increase the G-CSF or CXCL1 expression in primary lung cells, even though Scarb1-ASOs exerted a strong KD effect. Hence, we hypothesize that inhaled LNA-ASOs have the potential to exert a KD effect in the lung, but that they may be associated with a risk of immune stimulation. Further studies about the mechanism underlying the immune-stimulatory effect of LNA-ASOs is necessary for the development of novel inhaled LNA-ASO therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Uemura
- Immunology & Allergy R&D Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Nagaizumi-cho, Shizuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kenji Hagiwara
- Innovative Technology Labs, Research Functions Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuya Kobayashi
- Immunology & Allergy R&D Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Nagaizumi-cho, Shizuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
205
|
Ghadakzadeh S, Hamdy R, Tabrizian M. Efficient in vitro delivery of Noggin siRNA enhances osteoblastogenesis. Heliyon 2017; 3:e00450. [PMID: 29167826 PMCID: PMC5686427 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Several types of serious bone defects would not heal without invasive clinical intervention. One approach to such defects is to enhance the capacity of bone-formation cells. Exogenous bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) have been utilized to positively regulate matrix mineralization and osteoblastogenesis, however, numerous adverse effects are associated with this approach. Noggin, a potent antagonist of BMPs, is an ideal candidate to target and decrease the need for supraphysiological doses of BMPs. In the current research we report a novel siRNA-mediated gene knock-down strategy to down-regulate Noggin. We utilized a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery strategy in pre-osteoblastic rat cells. In vitro LNP-siRNA treatment caused inconsequential cell toxicity and transfection was achieved in over 85% of cells. Noggin siRNA treatment successfully down-regulated cellular Noggin protein levels and enhanced BMP signal activity which in turn resulted in significantly increased osteoblast differentiation and extracellular matrix mineralization evidenced by histological assessments. Gene expression analysis showed that targeting Noggin specifically in bone cells would not lead to a compensatory effect from other BMP negative regulators such as Gremlin and Chordin. The results from this study support the notion that novel therapeutics targeting Noggin have the clinically relevant potential to enhance bone formation without the need for toxic doses of exogenous BMPs. Such treatments will undeniably provide safe and economical treatments for individuals whose poor bone repair results in permanent morbidity and disability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Ghadakzadeh
- Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shriners Hospital for Children, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - R.C. Hamdy
- Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shriners Hospital for Children, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - M. Tabrizian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
206
|
Veilleux D, Gopalakrishna Panicker RK, Chevrier A, Biniecki K, Lavertu M, Buschmann MD. Lyophilisation and concentration of chitosan/siRNA polyplexes: Influence of buffer composition, oligonucleotide sequence, and hyaluronic acid coating. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 512:335-345. [PMID: 29080529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.09.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan (CS)/siRNA polyplexes have great therapeutic potential for treating multiple diseases by gene silencing. However, clinical application of this technology requires the development of concentrated, hemocompatible, pH neutral formulations for safe and efficient administration. In this study we evaluate physicochemical properties of chitosan polyplexes in various buffers at increasing ionic strengths, to identify conditions for freeze-drying and rehydration at higher doses of uncoated or hyaluronic acid (HA)-coated polyplexes while maintaining physiological compatibility. Optimized formulations are used to evaluate the impact of the siRNA/oligonucleotide sequence on polyplex physicochemical properties, and to measure their in vitro silencing efficiency, cytotoxicity, and hemocompatibility. Specific oligonucleotide sequences influence polyplex physical properties at low N:P ratios, as well as their stability during freeze-drying. Nanoparticles display greater stability for oligodeoxynucleotides ODN vs siRNA; AT-rich vs GC-rich; and overhangs vs blunt ends. Using this knowledge, various CS/siRNA polyplexes are prepared with and without HA coating, freeze-dried and rehydrated at increased concentrations using reduced rehydration volumes. These polyplexes are non-cytotoxic and preserve silencing activity even after rehydration to 20-fold their initial concentration, while HA-coated polyplexes at pH∼7 also displayed increased hemocompatibility. These concentrated formulations represent a critical step towards clinical development of chitosan-based oligonucleotide intravenous delivery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Veilleux
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering/Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Anik Chevrier
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering/Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Marc Lavertu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering/Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael D Buschmann
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering/Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
207
|
Chakraborty C, Sharma AR, Sharma G, Doss CGP, Lee SS. Therapeutic miRNA and siRNA: Moving from Bench to Clinic as Next Generation Medicine. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 8:132-143. [PMID: 28918016 PMCID: PMC5496203 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 530] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the past few years, therapeutic microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) are some of the most important biopharmaceuticals that are in commercial space as future medicines. This review summarizes the patents of miRNA- and siRNA-based new drugs, and also provides a snapshot about significant biopharmaceutical companies that are investing for the therapeutic development of miRNA and siRNA molecules. An insightful view about individual siRNA and miRNA drugs has been depicted with their present status, which is gaining attention in the therapeutic landscape. The efforts of the biopharmaceuticals are discussed with the status of their preclinical and/or clinical trials. Here, some of the setbacks have been highlighted during the biopharmaceutical development of miRNA and siRNA as individual therapeutics. Finally, a snapshot is illustrated about pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics with absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME), which is the fundamental development process of these therapeutics, as well as the delivery system for miRNA- and siRNA-based drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 201306, Uttar Pradesh, India; Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ashish Ranjan Sharma
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Garima Sharma
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - C George Priya Doss
- Department of Integrative Biology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sang-Soo Lee
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
208
|
Klingenberg M, Matsuda A, Diederichs S, Patel T. Non-coding RNA in hepatocellular carcinoma: Mechanisms, biomarkers and therapeutic targets. J Hepatol 2017; 67:603-618. [PMID: 28438689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The majority of the human genome is not translated into proteins but can be transcribed into RNA. Even though the resulting non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) do not encode for proteins, they contribute to diseases such as cancer. Here, we review examples of the functions of ncRNAs in liver cancer and their potential use for the detection and treatment of liver cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Klingenberg
- Division of RNA Biology & Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Hartmut Hoffmann-Berling International Graduate School of Molecular and Cellular Biology (HBIGS), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Akiko Matsuda
- Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Sven Diederichs
- Division of RNA Biology & Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Hartmut Hoffmann-Berling International Graduate School of Molecular and Cellular Biology (HBIGS), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany; Division of Cancer Research, Dept. of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Tushar Patel
- Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
209
|
Abstract
RNA is emerging as a potential therapeutic modality for the treatment of incurable diseases. Despite intense research, the advent to clinical utility remains compromised by numerous biological barriers, hence, there is a need for sophisticated delivery vehicles. In this aspect, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are the most advanced platform among nonviral vectors for gene delivery. In this review, we critically review the literature and the reasons for ineffective delivery beyond the liver. We discuss the toxicity issues associated with permanently charged cationic lipids and then turn our attention to next-generation ionizable cationic lipids. These lipids exhibit reduced toxicity and immunogenicity and undergo ionization under the acidic environment of the endosome to release the encapsulated payload to their site of action in the cytosol. Finally, we summarize recent achievements in therapeutic nucleic acid delivery and report on the current status of clinical trials using LNP and the obstacles to clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Rietwyk
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, ‡Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, §Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and ∥Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dan Peer
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, ‡Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, §Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and ∥Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
210
|
Hatakeyama H. Recent Advances in Endogenous and Exogenous Stimuli-Responsive Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2017; 65:612-617. [PMID: 28674332 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c17-00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Significant progress has been achieved in the development of stimuli-responsive nanocarriers for drug delivery, diagnosis, and therapy. Various types of triggers are utilized in the development of nanocarrier delivery. Endogenous factors such as changes in pH, redox, gradient, and enzyme concentration which are linked to disease progression have been utilized for controlling biodistribution and releasing drugs from nanocarriers, as well as increasing subsequent pharmacological activity at the disease site. Nanocarriers which respond to artificially-induced exogenous factors (such as temperature, light, magnetic field, and ultrasound) have also been developed. This review aims to discuss recent advances in the design of stimuli-responsive nanocarriers which appear to have a promising future in medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Hatakeyama
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
| |
Collapse
|
211
|
Hashiba K, Sato Y, Harashima H. pH-labile PEGylation of siRNA-loaded lipid nanoparticle improves active targeting and gene silencing activity in hepatocytes. J Control Release 2017; 262:239-246. [PMID: 28774839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are one of the promising technologies for the in vivo delivery of short interfering RNA (siRNA). Modifying LNPs with polyethyleneglycol (PEG) is widely used to inhibit non-specific interactions with serum components in the blood stream, and is a useful strategy for maximizing the efficiency of active targeting. However, it is a widely accepted fact that PEGylation of the LNP surface strongly inhibits fusion between LNPs and endosomal membranes, resulting in poor cytosolic siRNA delivery, a process that is referred to as the 'PEG-dilemma'. In the present study, in an attempt to overcome this problem, siRNA-loaded LNPs were modified with PEG through maleic anhydride, a pH-labile linkage. The in vitro, suppression of cationic charge, stealth function at physiological pH up to 1h and the rapid desorption of PEG and restoration of fusogenic activity under slightly acidic conditions (within only 2min) were achieved by PEG modification of the LNPs through maleic anhydride. In vivo, PEG modification through maleic anhydride resulted in a dramatic improvement in the targeting capability of the active targeting of ligand (N-acetyl-d-galactosamine)-modified LNPs to hepatocytes, with an approximately 14-fold increase in gene silencing activity in factor 7 model mice. Taken together, the maleic anhydride-mediated pH-labile PEGylation of the active targeting LNPs is a useful strategy for achieving the specific and efficient delivery of siRNAs in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Hashiba
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12 Nishi 6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12 Nishi 6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Hideyoshi Harashima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12 Nishi 6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
212
|
Gossart JB, Pascal E, Meyer F, Heuillard E, Gonçalves M, Gossé F, Robinet E, Frisch B, Seguin C, Zuber G. Performance of Pyridylthiourea-Polyethylenimine Polyplex for siRNA-Mediated Liver Cancer Therapy in Cell Monolayer, Spheroid, and Tumor Xenograft Models. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2017; 1:1700013. [PMID: 31565271 PMCID: PMC6607116 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.201700013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Medical application of siRNAs relies on methods for delivering nucleic acids into the cytosol. Synthetic carriers, which assemble with nucleic acids into delivery systems, show promises for cancer therapy but efficiency remains to be improved. In here, the effectiveness of pyridylthiourea-polyethylenimine (πPEI), a siRNA carrier that favors both polyplex disassembly and endosome rupture upon sensing the acidic endosomal environment, in 3 experimental models of hepatocellular cancer is tested. The πPEI-assisted delivery of a siRNA targeting the polo-like kinase 1 into Huh-7 monolayer produces a 90% cell death via a demonstrated RNA interference mechanism. Incubation of polyplex with Huh-7 spheroids leads to siRNA delivery into the superficial first cell layer and a 60% reduction in spheroid growth compared to untreated controls. Administration of polyplexes into mice bearing subcutaneous implanted Huh-7Luc tumors results in a reduced tumor progression, similar to the one observed in the spheroid model. Altogether, these results support the in vivo use of synthetic and dedicated polymers for increasing siRNA-mediated gene knockdown, and their clinical promise in cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Baptiste Gossart
- Université de Strasbourg‐CNRS CAMB UMR 7199Faculté de Pharmacie74 route du Rhin67400IllkirchFrance
- Université de Strasbourg‐INSERMUMRS 1121 Biomaterials and Bioengineering, FTMS11 rue Humann67000StrasbourgFrance
| | - Etienne Pascal
- Université de Strasbourg‐CNRS CAMB UMR 7199Faculté de Pharmacie74 route du Rhin67400IllkirchFrance
| | - Florent Meyer
- Université de Strasbourg‐INSERMUMRS 1121 Biomaterials and Bioengineering, FTMS11 rue Humann67000StrasbourgFrance
| | - Emilie Heuillard
- Institut Hospitalo‐Universitaire de Strasbourg1 place de l'Hôpital67000StrasbourgFrance
| | - Mathieu Gonçalves
- Institut Hospitalo‐Universitaire de Strasbourg1 place de l'Hôpital67000StrasbourgFrance
| | - Francine Gossé
- Institut Hospitalo‐Universitaire de Strasbourg1 place de l'Hôpital67000StrasbourgFrance
- Inserm U11103 rue Koeberlé67000StrasbourgFrance
| | - Eric Robinet
- Institut Hospitalo‐Universitaire de Strasbourg1 place de l'Hôpital67000StrasbourgFrance
- Inserm U11103 rue Koeberlé67000StrasbourgFrance
| | - Benoît Frisch
- Université de Strasbourg‐CNRS CAMB UMR 7199Faculté de Pharmacie74 route du Rhin67400IllkirchFrance
| | - Cendrine Seguin
- Université de Strasbourg‐CNRS CAMB UMR 7199Faculté de Pharmacie74 route du Rhin67400IllkirchFrance
| | - Guy Zuber
- Université de Strasbourg‐CNRS, UMR 7242Boulevard Sebastien Brant67400IllkirchFrance
| |
Collapse
|
213
|
Abstract
Amyloidosis refers to a range of protein misfolding disorders that can cause organ dysfunction through progressive fibril deposition. Cardiac involvement often leads to significant morbidity and mortality and increasingly has been recognized as an important cause of heart failure. The two main forms of cardiac amyloidosis, light chain (AL) and transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis, have distinct mechanisms of pathogenesis. Recent insights have led to the development of novel pharmacotherapies with the potential to significantly impact each disease. This review will summarize the preclinical and clinical data for these emerging treatments for AL and ATTR amyloidosis.
Collapse
|
214
|
Wang HX, Li M, Lee CM, Chakraborty S, Kim HW, Bao G, Leong KW. CRISPR/Cas9-Based Genome Editing for Disease Modeling and Therapy: Challenges and Opportunities for Nonviral Delivery. Chem Rev 2017. [PMID: 28640612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Genome editing offers promising solutions to genetic disorders by editing DNA sequences or modulating gene expression. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) technology can be used to edit single or multiple genes in a wide variety of cell types and organisms in vitro and in vivo. Herein, we review the rapidly developing CRISPR/Cas9-based technologies for disease modeling and gene correction and recent progress toward Cas9/guide RNA (gRNA) delivery based on viral and nonviral vectors. We discuss the relative merits of delivering the genome editing elements in the form of DNA, mRNA, or protein, and the opportunities of combining viral delivery of a transgene encoding Cas9 with nonviral delivery of gRNA. We highlight the lessons learned from nonviral gene delivery in the past three decades and consider their applicability for CRISPR/Cas9 delivery. We also include a discussion of bioinformatics tools for gRNA design and chemical modifications of gRNA. Finally, we consider the extracellular and intracellular barriers to nonviral CRISPR/Cas9 delivery and propose strategies that may overcome these barriers to realize the clinical potential of CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xia Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Mingqiang Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Ciaran M Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Syandan Chakraborty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN) and Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University , Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Gang Bao
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Kam W Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| |
Collapse
|
215
|
Omar R, Yang J, Liu H, Davies NM, Gong Y. Hepatic Stellate Cells in Liver Fibrosis and siRNA-Based Therapy. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 172:1-37. [PMID: 27534415 DOI: 10.1007/112_2016_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a reversible wound-healing response to either acute or chronic liver injury caused by hepatitis B or C, alcohol, and toxic agents. Hepatic fibrosis is characterized by excessive accumulation and reduced degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM). Excessive accumulation of ECM alters the hepatic architecture leading to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Cirrhosis results in failure of common functions of the liver. Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) play a major role in the development of liver fibrosis as HSC are the main source of the excessive production of ECM in an injured liver. RNA interference (RNAi) is a recently discovered therapeutic tool that may provide a solution to manage multiple diseases including liver fibrosis through silencing of specific gene expression in diseased cells. However, gene silencing using small interfering RNA (siRNA) is encountering many challenges in the body after systemic administration. Efficient and stable siRNA delivery to the target cells is a key issue for the development of siRNA therapeutic. For that reason, various viral and non-viral carriers for liver-targeted siRNA delivery have been developed. This review will cover the current strategies for the treatment of liver fibrosis as well as discussing non-viral approaches such as cationic polymers and lipid-based nanoparticles for targeted delivery of siRNA to the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Refaat Omar
- College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3E 0T5
| | - Jiaqi Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3E 0T5
| | - Haoyuan Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3E 0T5
| | - Neal M Davies
- College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3E 0T5
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, 8613-114 Street, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2H1
| | - Yuewen Gong
- College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3E 0T5.
| |
Collapse
|
216
|
Marlowe JL, Akopian V, Karmali P, Kornbrust D, Lockridge J, Semple S. Recommendations of the Oligonucleotide Safety Working Group's Formulated Oligonucleotide Subcommittee for the Safety Assessment of Formulated Oligonucleotide-Based Therapeutics. Nucleic Acid Ther 2017; 27:183-196. [PMID: 28609186 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2017.0671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of lipid formulations has greatly improved the ability to effectively deliver oligonucleotides and has been instrumental in the rapid expansion of therapeutic development programs using oligonucleotide drugs. However, the development of such complex multicomponent therapeutics requires the implementation of unique, scientifically sound approaches to the nonclinical development of these drugs, based upon a hybrid of knowledge and experiences drawn from small molecule, protein, and oligonucleotide therapeutic drug development. The relative paucity of directly applicable regulatory guidance documents for oligonucleotide therapeutics in general has resulted in the generation of multiple white papers from oligonucleotide drug development experts and members of the Oligonucleotide Safety Working Group (OSWG). The members of the Formulated Oligonucleotide Subcommittee of the OSWG have utilized their collective experience working with a variety of formulations and their associated oligonucleotide payloads, as well as their insights into regulatory considerations and expectations, to generate a series of consensus recommendations for the pharmacokinetic characterization and nonclinical safety assessment of this unique class of therapeutics. It should be noted that the focus of Subcommittee discussions was on lipid nanoparticle and other types of particulate formulations of therapeutic oligonucleotides and not on conjugates or other types of modifications of oligonucleotide structure intended to facilitate delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Marlowe
- 1 Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | - Sean Semple
- 6 Arbutus Biopharma Corporation , Burnaby, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
217
|
Leber N, Nuhn L, Zentel R. Cationic Nanohydrogel Particles for Therapeutic Oligonucleotide Delivery. Macromol Biosci 2017; 17. [PMID: 28605133 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201700092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Short pharmaceutical active oligonucleotides such as small interfering RNA (siRNA) or cytidine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) are considered as powerful therapeutic alternatives, especially to medicate hard-to-treat diseases (e.g., liver fibrosis or cancer). Unfortunately, these molecules are equipped with poor pharmacokinetic properties that prevent them from translation. Well-defined nanosized carriers can provide opportunities to optimize their delivery and guide them to their site of action. Among several concepts, this Feature Article focuses on cationic nanohydrogel particles as a universal delivery system for small anionic molecules including siRNA and CpG. Cationic nanohydrogels are derived from preaggregated precursor block copolymers, which are further cross-linked to obtain well-defined nanoparticles of tunable sizes and with (degradable) cationic cores. Novel opportunities for oligonucleotide delivery in vitro and in vivo with respect to liver fibrosis therapies will be highlighted as well as perspectives toward modulating the immune system. In general, the approach of covalently stabilized cationic carrier systems can contribute to find advanced oligonucleotide therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Leber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lutz Nuhn
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rudolf Zentel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
218
|
Nucleic acid combinations: A new frontier for cancer treatment. J Control Release 2017; 256:153-169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
219
|
Li L, Leone T, Foley JP, Welch CJ. Separation of small interfering RNA stereoisomers using reversed-phase ion-pairing chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1500:84-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
220
|
Attarwala H, Han M, Kim J, Amiji M. Oral nucleic acid therapy using multicompartmental delivery systems. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 10. [PMID: 28544521 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acid-based therapeutics has the potential for treating numerous diseases by correcting abnormal expression of specific genes. Lack of safe and efficacious delivery strategies poses a major obstacle limiting clinical advancement of nucleic acid therapeutics. Oral route of drug administration has greater delivery challenges, because the administered genes or oligonucleotides have to bypass degrading environment of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in addition to overcoming other cellular barriers preventing nucleic acid delivery. For efficient oral nucleic acid delivery, vector should be such that it can protect encapsulated material during transit through the GI tract, facilitate efficient uptake and intracellular trafficking at desired target sites, along with being safe and well tolerated. In this review, we have discussed multicompartmental systems for overcoming extracellular and intracellular barriers to oral delivery of nucleic acids. A nanoparticles-in-microsphere oral system-based multicompartmental system was developed and tested for in vivo gene and small interfering RNA delivery for treating colitis in mice. This system has shown efficient transgene expression or gene silencing when delivered orally along with favorable downstream anti-inflammatory effects, when tested in a mouse model of intestinal bowel disease. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2018, 10:e1478. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1478 This article is categorized under: Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Nucleic Acid-Based Structures Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Husain Attarwala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Murui Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonghan Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mansoor Amiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
221
|
Awino JK, Gudipati S, Hartmann AK, Santiana JJ, Cairns-Gibson DF, Gomez N, Rouge JL. Nucleic Acid Nanocapsules for Enzyme-Triggered Drug Release. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:6278-6281. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph K. Awino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Saketh Gudipati
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Alyssa K. Hartmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Joshua J. Santiana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | | | - Nicole Gomez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Jessica L. Rouge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| |
Collapse
|
222
|
Xie Z, Zeng X. DNA/RNA-based formulations for treatment of breast cancer. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2017; 14:1379-1393. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2017.1317744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolu Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianghui Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
223
|
Singh A, Trivedi P, Jain NK. Advances in siRNA delivery in cancer therapy. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 46:274-283. [PMID: 28423924 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1307210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi)-based therapeutic approaches are under vibrant scrutinisation to seek cancer cure. siRNA suppress expression of the carcinogenic genes by targeting the mRNA expression. However, in vivo systemic siRNA therapy is hampered by the barriers such as poor cellular uptake, instability under physiological conditions, off-target effects and possible immunogenicity. To overcome these challenges, systemic siRNA therapy warrants the development of clinically suitable, safe, and effective drug delivery systems. Herein, we review the barriers, potential siRNA drug delivery systems, and application of siRNA in clinical trials for cancer therapy. Further research is required to harness the full potential of siRNA as a cancer therapeutic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Singh
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi Technical University , Bhopal , Madhya Pradesh , India
| | - Piyush Trivedi
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi Technical University , Bhopal , Madhya Pradesh , India
| | - Narendra Kumar Jain
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi Technical University , Bhopal , Madhya Pradesh , India
| |
Collapse
|
224
|
Cullis PR, Hope MJ. Lipid Nanoparticle Systems for Enabling Gene Therapies. Mol Ther 2017; 25:1467-1475. [PMID: 28412170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 592] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic drugs such as small interfering RNA (siRNA), mRNA, or plasmid DNA provide potential gene therapies to treat most diseases by silencing pathological genes, expressing therapeutic proteins, or through gene-editing applications. In order for genetic drugs to be used clinically, however, sophisticated delivery systems are required. Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) systems are currently the lead non-viral delivery systems for enabling the clinical potential of genetic drugs. Application will be made to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2017 for approval of an LNP siRNA drug to treat transthyretin-induced amyloidosis, presently an untreatable disease. Here, we first review research leading to the development of LNP siRNA systems capable of silencing target genes in hepatocytes following systemic administration. Subsequently, progress made to extend LNP technology to mRNA and plasmids for protein replacement, vaccine, and gene-editing applications is summarized. Finally, we address current limitations of LNP technology as applied to genetic drugs and ways in which such limitations may be overcome. It is concluded that LNP technology, by virtue of robust and efficient formulation processes, as well as advantages in potency, payload, and design flexibility, will be a dominant non-viral technology to enable the enormous potential of gene therapy.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial/genetics
- Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial/metabolism
- Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial/pathology
- Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial/therapy
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/therapy
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Drug Delivery Systems/methods
- Genetic Therapy/methods
- Hepatitis B/genetics
- Hepatitis B/metabolism
- Hepatitis B/pathology
- Hepatitis B/therapy
- Hepatocytes/drug effects
- Hepatocytes/metabolism
- Hepatocytes/pathology
- Humans
- Lipids/chemistry
- Lipids/pharmacokinetics
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/therapy
- Nanoparticles/administration & dosage
- Nanoparticles/chemistry
- Plasmids/administration & dosage
- Plasmids/genetics
- Plasmids/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/administration & dosage
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/administration & dosage
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pieter R Cullis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
225
|
Mihaila R, Ruhela D, Keough E, Cherkaev E, Chang S, Galinski B, Bartz R, Brown D, Howell B, Cunningham JJ. Mathematical Modeling: A Tool for Optimization of Lipid Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery of siRNA. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017. [PMID: 28624200 PMCID: PMC5415968 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have been used to successfully deliver small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to target cells in both preclinical and clinical studies and currently are the leading systems for in vivo delivery. Here, we propose the use of an ordinary differential equation (ODE)-based model as a tool for optimizing LNP-mediated delivery of siRNAs. As a first step, we have used a combination of experimental and computational approaches to develop and validate a mathematical model that captures the critical features for efficient siRNA-LNP delivery in vitro. This model accurately predicts mRNA knockdown resulting from novel combinations of siRNAs and LNPs in vitro. As demonstrated, this model can be effectively used as a screening tool to select the most efficacious LNPs, which can then further be evaluated in vivo. The model serves as a starting point for the future development of next generation models capable of capturing the additional complexity of in vivo delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radu Mihaila
- Sirna Therapeutics, 1700 Owens Street, Fourth Floor, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Dipali Ruhela
- Sirna Therapeutics, 1700 Owens Street, Fourth Floor, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Edward Keough
- Department of RNA Therapeutics, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Elena Cherkaev
- Department of Mathematics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Silvia Chang
- Sirna Therapeutics, 1700 Owens Street, Fourth Floor, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Beverly Galinski
- Sirna Therapeutics, 1700 Owens Street, Fourth Floor, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - René Bartz
- Department of RNA Therapeutics, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Duncan Brown
- Sirna Therapeutics, 1700 Owens Street, Fourth Floor, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Bonnie Howell
- Department of RNA Therapeutics, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - James J Cunningham
- Department of RNA Therapeutics, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| |
Collapse
|
226
|
Mizrahy S, Hazan-Halevy I, Dammes N, Landesman-Milo D, Peer D. Current Progress in Non-viral RNAi-Based Delivery Strategies to Lymphocytes. Mol Ther 2017; 25:1491-1500. [PMID: 28392163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RNAi-based therapy holds great promise, as it can be utilized for the treatment of multiple conditions in an accurate manner via sequence-specific manipulation of gene expression. To date, RNAi therapeutics have advanced into clinical trials for liver diseases and solid tumors; however, delivery of RNAi to leukocytes in general and to lymphocytes in particular remains a challenge. Lymphocytes are notoriously hard to transduce with RNAi payloads and are disseminated throughout the body, often located in deep tissues; therefore, developing an efficient systemic delivery system directed to lymphocytes is not a trivial task. Successful manipulation of lymphocyte function with RNAi possesses immense therapeutic potential, as it will enable researchers to resolve lymphocyte-implicated diseases such as inflammation, autoimmunity, transplant rejection, viral infections, and blood cancers. This potential has propelled the development of novel targeted delivery systems relying on the accumulating research knowledge from multiple disciplines, including materials science and engineering, immunology, and genetics. Here, we will discuss the recent progress in non-viral delivery strategies of RNAi payloads to lymphocytes. Special emphasis will be made on the challenges and potential opportunities in manipulating lymphocyte function with RNAi. These approaches might ultimately become a novel therapeutic modality to treat leukocyte-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoshy Mizrahy
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Inbal Hazan-Halevy
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Niels Dammes
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dalit Landesman-Milo
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dan Peer
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
227
|
Acosta-Andrade C, Artetxe I, Lete MG, Monasterio BG, Ruiz-Mirazo K, Goñi FM, Sánchez-Jiménez F. Polyamine-RNA-membrane interactions: From the past to the future in biology. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 155:173-181. [PMID: 28456048 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic polyamines (PAs), spermine, spermidine and putrescine are widely spread amino acid derivatives, present in living cells throughout the whole evolutionary scale. Their amino groups confer them a marked basic character at the cellular pH. We have tested the interaction of PAs with negatively-charged phospholipids in the absence and presence of nucleic acids (tRNA was mainly used for practical reasons). PAs induced aggregation of lipid vesicles containing acidic phospholipids. Aggregation was detected using both spectroscopic and fluorescence microscopy methods (the latter with giant unilamellar vesicles). PA-liposome complexes were partially disaggregated when nucleic acids were added to the mixture, indicating a competition between lipids and nucleic acids for PAs in a multiple equilibrium phenomenon. Equivalent observations could be made when vesicles composed of oleic acid and 1-decanol (1:1mol ratio) were used instead of phospholipid liposomes. The data could evoke putative primitive processes of proto-biotic evolution. At the other end of the time scale, this system may be at the basis of an interesting tool in the development of nanoscale drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Acosta-Andrade
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Malaga, and Unit 741 of CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ibai Artetxe
- Biofisika Institute (CSIC, UPV/EHU), and Department of Biochemistry, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Marta G Lete
- Biofisika Institute (CSIC, UPV/EHU), and Department of Biochemistry, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Bingen G Monasterio
- Biofisika Institute (CSIC, UPV/EHU), and Department of Biochemistry, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Kepa Ruiz-Mirazo
- Biofisika Institute (CSIC, UPV/EHU), and Department of Biochemistry, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Department of Logic and Philosophy of Science, University of the Basque Country, Donostia, Spain
| | - Félix M Goñi
- Biofisika Institute (CSIC, UPV/EHU), and Department of Biochemistry, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Francisca Sánchez-Jiménez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Malaga, and Unit 741 of CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Málaga, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
228
|
Werfel TA, Jackson MA, Kavanaugh TE, Kirkbride KC, Miteva M, Giorgio TD, Duvall C. Combinatorial optimization of PEG architecture and hydrophobic content improves ternary siRNA polyplex stability, pharmacokinetics, and potency in vivo. J Control Release 2017; 255:12-26. [PMID: 28366646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.03.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A rationally-designed library of ternary siRNA polyplexes was developed and screened for gene silencing efficacy in vitro and in vivo with the goal of overcoming both cell-level and systemic delivery barriers. [2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (DMAEMA) was homopolymerized or copolymerized (50mol% each) with butyl methacrylate (BMA) from a reversible addition - fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) chain transfer agent, with and without pre-conjugation to polyethylene glycol (PEG). Both single block polymers were tested as core-forming units, and both PEGylated, diblock polymers were screened as corona-forming units. Ternary siRNA polyplexes were assembled with varied amounts and ratios of core-forming polymers to PEGylated corona-forming polymers. The impact of polymer composition/ratio, hydrophobe (BMA) placement, and surface PEGylation density was correlated to important outcomes such as polyplex size, stability, pH-dependent membrane disruptive activity, biocompatibility, and gene silencing efficiency. The lead formulation, DB4-PDB12, was optimally PEGylated not only to ensure colloidal stability (no change in size by DLS between 0 and 24h) and neutral surface charge (0.139mV) but also to maintain higher cell uptake (>90% positive cells) than the most densely PEGylated particles. The DB4-PDB12 polyplexes also incorporated BMA in both the polyplex core- and corona-forming polymers, resulting in robust endosomolysis and in vitro siRNA silencing (~85% protein level knockdown) of the model gene luciferase across multiple cell types. Further, the DB4-PDB12 polyplexes exhibited greater stability, increased blood circulation time, reduced renal clearance, increased tumor biodistribution, and greater silencing of luciferase compared to our previously-optimized, binary parent formulation following intravenous (i.v.) delivery. This polyplex library approach enabled concomitant optimization of the composition and ratio of core- and corona-forming polymers (indirectly tuning PEGylation density) and identification of a ternary nanomedicine optimized to overcome important siRNA delivery barriers in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Werfel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Meredith A Jackson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Taylor E Kavanaugh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kellye C Kirkbride
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Martina Miteva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Todd D Giorgio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Craig Duvall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
229
|
Xu X, Wu J, Liu Y, Saw PE, Tao W, Yu M, Zope H, Si M, Victorious A, Rasmussen J, Ayyash D, Farokhzad OC, Shi J. Multifunctional Envelope-Type siRNA Delivery Nanoparticle Platform for Prostate Cancer Therapy. ACS NANO 2017; 11:2618-2627. [PMID: 28240870 PMCID: PMC5626580 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b07195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
With the capability of specific silencing of target gene expression, RNA interference (RNAi) technology is emerging as a promising therapeutic modality for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. One key challenge for the clinical applications of RNAi is the safe and effective delivery of RNAi agents such as small interfering RNA (siRNA) to a particular nonliver diseased tissue (e.g., tumor) and cell type with sufficient cytosolic transport. In this work, we proposed a multifunctional envelope-type nanoparticle (NP) platform for prostate cancer (PCa)-specific in vivo siRNA delivery. A library of oligoarginine-functionalized and sharp pH-responsive polymers was synthesized and used for self-assembly with siRNA into NPs with the features of long blood circulation and pH-triggered oligoarginine-mediated endosomal membrane penetration. By further modification with ACUPA, a small molecular ligand specifically recognizing prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) receptor, this envelope-type nanoplatform with multifunctional properties can efficiently target PSMA-expressing PCa cells and silence target gene expression. Systemic delivery of the siRNA NPs can efficiently silence the expression of prohibitin 1 (PHB1), which is upregulated in PCa and other cancers, and significantly inhibit PCa tumor growth. These results suggest that this multifunctional envelope-type nanoplatform could become an effective tool for PCa-specific therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoding Xu
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jun Wu
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Yanlan Liu
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Phei Er Saw
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Wei Tao
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Mikyung Yu
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Harshal Zope
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Michelle Si
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Amanda Victorious
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jonathan Rasmussen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Dana Ayyash
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Omid C. Farokhzad
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jinjun Shi
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| |
Collapse
|
230
|
Zhou L, Hussain MM. Human MicroRNA-548p Decreases Hepatic Apolipoprotein B Secretion and Lipid Synthesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:786-793. [PMID: 28336556 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MicroRNAs (miRs) play important regulatory roles in lipid metabolism. Apolipoprotein B (ApoB), as the only essential scaffolding protein in the assembly of very-low-density lipoproteins, is a target to treat hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. We aimed to find out miRs that reduce apoB expression. APPROACH AND RESULTS Bioinformatic analyses predicted that hsa-miR-548p can interact with apoB mRNA. MiR-548p or control miR was transfected in human and mouse liver cells to test its role in regulating apoB secretion and mRNA expression levels. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to identify the interacting site of miR-548p in human apoB 3'-untranslated region. Fatty acid oxidation and lipid syntheses were examined in miR-548p overexpressing cells to investigate its function in lipid metabolism. We observed that miR-548p significantly reduces apoB secretion from human hepatoma cells and primary hepatocytes. Mechanistic studies showed that miR-548p interacts with the 3'-untranslated region of human apoB mRNA to enhance post-transcriptional degradation. Bioinformatic algorithms suggested 2 potential binding sites of miR-548p on human apoB mRNA. Site-directed mutagenesis studies revealed that miR-548p targets site I involving both seed and supplementary sequences. MiR-548p had no effect on fatty acid oxidation but significantly decreased lipid synthesis in human hepatoma cells by reducing HMGCR (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase) and ACSL4 (Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4) enzymes involved in cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis. In summary, miR-548p reduces lipoprotein production and lipid synthesis by reducing expression of different genes in human liver cells. CONCLUSIONS These studies suggest that miR-548p regulates apoB secretion by targeting mRNA. It is likely that it could be useful in treating atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, and hepatosteatosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liye Zhou
- From the School of Graduate Studies, Molecular and Cell Biology Program (L.Z.), and Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York (L.Z., M.M.H.); Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, New York (M.M.H.); and Department of Veterans Affairs, New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn (M.M.H.)
| | - M Mahmood Hussain
- From the School of Graduate Studies, Molecular and Cell Biology Program (L.Z.), and Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York (L.Z., M.M.H.); Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, New York (M.M.H.); and Department of Veterans Affairs, New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn (M.M.H.).
| |
Collapse
|
231
|
Izuhara M, Kuwabara Y, Saito N, Yamamoto E, Hakuno D, Nakashima Y, Horie T, Baba O, Nishiga M, Nakao T, Nishino T, Nakazeki F, Ide Y, Kimura M, Kimura T, Ono K. Prevention of neointimal formation using miRNA-126-containing nanoparticle-conjugated stents in a rabbit model. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172798. [PMID: 28253326 PMCID: PMC5333844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite recent progress with drug-eluting stents, restenosis and thrombosis after endovascular intervention are still major limitations in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. These problems are possibly caused by inappropriate inhibition of neointimal formation and retardation of re-endothelialization on the surface of the stents. miR-126 has been shown to have the potential to enhance vascular endothelial cell proliferation. Methods and results We designed and constructed a 27-nt double strand RNA (dsRNA) conjugated to cholesterol, which has high membrane permeability, and formed mature miR-126 after transfection. For site-specific induction of miR-126, we utilized poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles (NPs). miR-126-dsRNA-containing NPs (miR-126 NPs) significantly reduced the protein expression of a previously identified miR-126 target, SPRED1, in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs), and miR-126 NPs enhanced the proliferation and migration of HUVECs. On the other hand, miR-126 NPs reduced the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells, via the suppression of IRS-1. Finally, we developed a stent system that eluted miR-126. This delivery system exhibited significant inhibition of neointimal formation in a rabbit model of restenosis. Conclusions miR-126 NP-conjugated stents significantly inhibited the development of neointimal hyperplasia in rabbits. The present study may indicate the possibility of a novel therapeutic option to prevent restenosis after angioplasty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masayasu Izuhara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Kuwabara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naritatsu Saito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Erika Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daihiko Hakuno
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakashima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Horie
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Baba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masataka Nishiga
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Nakao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nishino
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fumiko Nakazeki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuya Ide
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koh Ono
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
232
|
Overcoming cellular barriers for RNA therapeutics. Nat Biotechnol 2017; 35:222-229. [PMID: 28244992 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.3802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 704] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RNA-based therapeutics, such as small-interfering (siRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), aptamers, synthetic mRNAs and CRISPR-Cas9, have great potential to target a large part of the currently undruggable genes and gene products and to generate entirely new therapeutic paradigms in disease, ranging from cancer to pandemic influenza to Alzheimer's disease. However, for these RNA modalities to reach their full potential, they first need to overcome a billion years of evolutionary defenses that have kept RNAs on the outside of cells from invading the inside of cells. Overcoming the lipid bilayer to deliver RNA into cells has remained the major problem to solve for widespread development of RNA therapeutics, but recent chemistry advances have begun to penetrate this evolutionary armor.
Collapse
|
233
|
Trubetskoy VS, Griffin JB, Nicholas AL, Nord EM, Xu Z, Peterson RM, Wooddell CI, Rozema DB, Wakefield DH, Lewis DL, Kanner SB. Phosphorylation-specific status of RNAi triggers in pharmacokinetic and biodistribution analyses. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:1469-1478. [PMID: 28180327 PMCID: PMC5388421 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The RNA interference (RNAi)-based therapeutic ARC-520 for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection consists of a melittin-derived peptide conjugated to N-acetylgalactosamine for hepatocyte targeting and endosomal escape, and cholesterol-conjugated RNAi triggers, which together result in HBV gene silencing. To characterize the kinetics of RNAi trigger delivery and 5΄-phosphorylation of guide strands correlating with gene knockdown, we employed a peptide-nucleic acid (PNA) hybridization assay. A fluorescent sense strand PNA probe binding to RNAi duplex guide strands was coupled with anion exchange high performance liquid chromatography to quantitate guide strands and metabolites. Compared to PCR- or ELISA-based methods, this assay enables separate quantitation of non-phosphorylated full-length guide strands from 5΄-phosphorylated forms that may associate with RNA-induced silencing complexes (RISC). Biodistribution studies in mice indicated that ARC-520 guide strands predominantly accumulated in liver. 5΄-phosphorylation of guide strands was observed within 5 min after ARC-520 injection, and was detected for at least 4 weeks corresponding to the duration of HBV mRNA silencing. Guide strands detected in RISC by AGO2 immuno-isolation represented 16% of total 5΄-phosphorylated guide strands in liver, correlating with a 2.7 log10 reduction of HBsAg. The PNA method enables pharmacokinetic analysis of RNAi triggers, elucidates potential metabolic processing events and defines pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Argonaute Proteins/genetics
- Argonaute Proteins/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/blood
- Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/genetics
- Hepatitis B virus/genetics
- Hepatitis B virus/metabolism
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/metabolism
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/therapy
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/virology
- Humans
- Kinetics
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/virology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Mice, Transgenic
- Peptide Nucleic Acids/genetics
- Peptide Nucleic Acids/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- RNA, Viral/metabolism
- RNA-Induced Silencing Complex/genetics
- RNA-Induced Silencing Complex/metabolism
- Tissue Distribution
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob B. Griffin
- Department of Biology, Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Anthony L. Nicholas
- Department of Chemistry, Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Eric M. Nord
- Department of Chemistry, Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Zhao Xu
- Department of Biology, Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Ryan M. Peterson
- Department of Biology, Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | | | - David B. Rozema
- Department of Chemistry, Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Darren H. Wakefield
- Department of Chemistry, Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | | | - Steven B. Kanner
- Department of Biology, Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Madison, WI 53711, USA
| |
Collapse
|
234
|
Abu Lila AS, Ishida T. Liposomal Delivery Systems: Design Optimization and Current Applications. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 40:1-10. [PMID: 28049940 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The liposome, a closed phospholipid bilayered vesicular system, has received considerable attention as a pharmaceutical carrier of great potential over the past 30 years. The ability of liposomes to encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, coupled with their biocompatibility and biodegradability, make liposomes attractive vehicles in the field of drug delivery. In addition, great technical advances such as remote drug loading, triggered release liposomes, ligand-targeted liposomes, liposomes containing combinations of drugs, and so on, have led to the widespread use of liposomes in diverse areas as delivery vehicles for anti-cancer, bio-active molecules, diagnostics, and therapeutic agents. In this review, we summarize design optimization of liposomal systems and invaluable applications of liposomes as effective delivery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amr Selim Abu Lila
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Medical Biosciences, Tokushima University
| | | |
Collapse
|
235
|
Yan Y, Zhou K, Xiong H, Miller JB, Motea EA, Boothman DA, Liu L, Siegwart DJ. Aerosol delivery of stabilized polyester-siRNA nanoparticles to silence gene expression in orthotopic lung tumors. Biomaterials 2017; 118:84-93. [PMID: 27974266 PMCID: PMC11164181 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tremendous progress has been made in the development of delivery carriers for small RNA therapeutics. However, most achievements have focused on the treatment of liver-associated diseases because conventional lipid and lipidoid nanoparticles (LNPs) readily accumulate in the liver after intravenous (i.v.) administration. Delivering RNAs to other organs and tumor tissues remains an ongoing challenge. Here, we utilized a 540-member combinatorial functional polyester library to discover nanoparticles (NPs) that enable efficacious siRNA delivery to A549 lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. PE4K-A13-0.33C6 and PE4K-A13-0.33C10 NPs were efficiently internalized into A549-Luc cells within 4 h. The addition of PEG 2000 DMG lipid or Pluronic F-127 onto the surface of the polyplexes reduced the surface charge of NPs, resulting in an increase of serum stability. We then explored aerosol delivery of stabilized PE4K-A13-0.33C6 and PE4K-A13-0.33C10 NPs to implanted orthotopic lung tumors. We found that by altering the administration route from i.v. to aerosol, the NPs could avoid liver accumulation and instead be specifically localized only in the lungs. This resulted in significant gene silencing in the A549 orthotopic lung tumors. Due to the ability to deliver siRNA to non-liver targets, this approach provides a privileged route for gene silencing in the lungs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Yan
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States; Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States
| | - Kejin Zhou
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States; Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States
| | - Hu Xiong
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States; Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States
| | - Jason B Miller
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States; Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States
| | - Edward A Motea
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States; Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States; Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States
| | - David A Boothman
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States; Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States; Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States.
| | - Daniel J Siegwart
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States; Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
236
|
Biodegradable lipid nanoparticles induce a prolonged RNA interference-mediated protein knockdown and show rapid hepatic clearance in mice and nonhuman primates. Int J Pharm 2017; 519:34-43. [PMID: 28089936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles based on ionizable lipids have been clinically validated as a means of delivery for RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutics. The ideal properties of RNAi carriers are efficient delivery of oligonucleotides into target cells and rapid elimination after the function is performed. Here, we report that degradable lipid nanoparticles are effective carriers of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and have a high therapeutic index. The newly developed degradable lipid nanoparticles carrying siRNA showed potent gene-silencing activity in mouse hepatocytes (ED50≈0.02mg/kg siRNA). The ester bond in the lipid tail was hydrolyzed in the liver, resulting in rapid metabolism of the lipid. Toxicity assays showed that the degradable lipid was well-tolerated at siRNA doses of up to 16mg/kg in rats (over 800-fold higher than ED50). A single intravenous injection of siRNA targeting proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) in cynomolgus monkeys resulted in more than 90% protein silencing, and a 50% decrease in plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, with a measurable reduction for 2 months. Moreover, quantification of lipids in liver biopsies revealed rapid hepatic clearance of the degradable lipid in nonhuman primates. These degradable lipid nanoparticles with a high therapeutic index hold promise for RNA-based treatments.
Collapse
|
237
|
Xiang J, Reding K, Pick L. Rearing and Double-stranded RNA-mediated Gene Knockdown in the Hide Beetle, Dermestes maculatus. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 28060304 DOI: 10.3791/54976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in genomics have raised the possibility of probing biodiversity at an unprecedented scale. However, sequence alone will not be informative without tools to study gene function. The development and sharing of detailed protocols for the establishment of new model systems in laboratories, and for tools to carry out functional studies, is thus crucial for leveraging the power of genomics. Coleoptera (beetles) are the largest clade of insects and occupy virtually all types of habitats on the planet. In addition to providing ideal models for fundamental research, studies of beetles can have impacts on pest control as they are often pests of households, agriculture, and food industries. Detailed protocols for rearing and maintenance of D. maculatus laboratory colonies and for carrying out dsRNA-mediated interference in D. maculatus are presented. Both embryonic and parental RNAi procedures-including apparatus set up, preparation, injection, and post-injection recovery-are described. Methods are also presented for analyzing embryonic phenotypes, including viability, patterning defects in hatched larvae, and cuticle preparations for unhatched larvae. These assays, together with in situ hybridization and immunostaining for molecular markers, make D. maculatus an accessible model system for basic and applied research. They further provide useful information for establishing procedures in other emerging insect model systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xiang
- Entomology Department, University of Maryland; Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Maryland
| | | | - Leslie Pick
- Entomology Department, University of Maryland; Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Maryland;
| |
Collapse
|
238
|
Seah NE, de Magalhaes Filho CD, Petrashen AP, Henderson HR, Laguer J, Gonzalez J, Dillin A, Hansen M, Lapierre LR. Autophagy-mediated longevity is modulated by lipoprotein biogenesis. Autophagy 2016; 12:261-72. [PMID: 26671266 PMCID: PMC4836030 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1127464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy-dependent longevity models in C. elegans display altered lipid storage profiles, but the contribution of lipid distribution to life-span extension is not fully understood. Here we report that lipoprotein production, autophagy and lysosomal lipolysis are linked to modulate life span in a conserved fashion. We find that overexpression of the yolk lipoprotein VIT/vitellogenin reduces the life span of long-lived animals by impairing the induction of autophagy-related and lysosomal genes necessary for longevity. Accordingly, reducing vitellogenesis increases life span via induction of autophagy and lysosomal lipolysis. Life-span extension due to reduced vitellogenesis or enhanced lysosomal lipolysis requires nuclear hormone receptors (NHRs) NHR-49 and NHR-80, highlighting novel roles for these NHRs in lysosomal lipid signaling. In dietary-restricted worms and mice, expression of VIT and hepatic APOB (apolipoprotein B), respectively, are significantly reduced, suggesting a conserved longevity mechanism. Altogether, our study demonstrates that lipoprotein biogenesis is an important mechanism that modulates aging by impairing autophagy and lysosomal lipolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Seah
- a Department of Molecular Biology , Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University , Providence , RI , USA
| | - C Daniel de Magalhaes Filho
- b The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Glenn Center for Aging Research, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies , La Jolla , CA , USA.,c The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Molecular and Cell Biology Department, Li Ka Shing Center, University of California Berkeley , Berkeley , CA , USA
| | - Anna P Petrashen
- a Department of Molecular Biology , Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University , Providence , RI , USA
| | - Hope R Henderson
- c The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Molecular and Cell Biology Department, Li Ka Shing Center, University of California Berkeley , Berkeley , CA , USA.,d Del E. Webb Neuroscience , Aging and Stem Cell Research Center, Program of Development and Aging, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Jade Laguer
- d Del E. Webb Neuroscience , Aging and Stem Cell Research Center, Program of Development and Aging, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Julissa Gonzalez
- d Del E. Webb Neuroscience , Aging and Stem Cell Research Center, Program of Development and Aging, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Andrew Dillin
- b The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Glenn Center for Aging Research, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies , La Jolla , CA , USA.,c The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Molecular and Cell Biology Department, Li Ka Shing Center, University of California Berkeley , Berkeley , CA , USA
| | - Malene Hansen
- d Del E. Webb Neuroscience , Aging and Stem Cell Research Center, Program of Development and Aging, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Louis R Lapierre
- a Department of Molecular Biology , Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University , Providence , RI , USA.,d Del E. Webb Neuroscience , Aging and Stem Cell Research Center, Program of Development and Aging, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute , La Jolla , CA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
239
|
The Telomerase-Derived Anticancer Peptide Vaccine GV1001 as an Extracellular Heat Shock Protein-Mediated Cell-Penetrating Peptide. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122054. [PMID: 27941629 PMCID: PMC5187854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), which can facilitate the transport of molecular cargo across the plasma membrane, have become important tools in promoting the cellular delivery of macromolecules. GV1001, a peptide derived from a reverse-transcriptase subunit of telomerase (hTERT) and developed as a vaccine against various cancers, reportedly has unexpected CPP properties. Unlike typical CPPs, such as the HIV-1 TAT peptide, GV1001 enabled the cytosolic delivery of macromolecules such as proteins, DNA and siRNA via extracellular heat shock protein 90 (eHSP90) and 70 (eHSP70) complexes. The eHSP-GV1001 interaction may have biological effects in addition to its cytosolic delivery function. GV1001 was originally designed as a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-binding cancer epitope, but its CPP properties may contribute to its strong anti-cancer immune response relative to other telomerase peptide-based vaccines. Cell signaling via eHSP-GV1001 binding may lead to unexpected biological effects, such as direct anticancer or antiviral effects. In this review, we focus on the CPP effects of GV1001 bound to eHSP90 and eHSP70.
Collapse
|
240
|
Liu C, Li M, Li T, Zhao H, Huang J, Wang Y, Gao Q, Yu Y, Shi Q. ECAT1 is essential for human oocyte maturation and pre-implantation development of the resulting embryos. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38192. [PMID: 27917907 PMCID: PMC5137016 DOI: 10.1038/srep38192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ECAT1 is a subunit of the subcortical maternal complex that is required for cell cycle progression during pre-implantation embryonic development; however, its exact function remains to be elucidated. Here we investigated the expression of ECAT1 in human ovarian tissue, oocytes and pre-implantation embryos and assessed its function by using RNA interference (RNAi) in oocytes. ECAT1 mRNA was highly expressed in human oocytes and zygotes, as well as in two-cell, four-cell and eight-cell embryos, but declined significantly in morulae and blastocysts. ECAT1 was expressed in the cytoplasm of oocytes and pre-implantation embryos and was localized more specifically in the cortical region than in the inner cytoplasm. RNAi experiments demonstrated that down-regulation of ECAT1 expression not only impaired spindle assembly and reduced maturation and fertilization rates of human oocytes but also decreased the cleavage rate of the resulting zygotes. In conclusion, our study indicates that ECAT1 may play a role in meiotic progression by maintaining the accuracy of spindle assembly in human oocytes, thus promoting oocyte maturation and subsequent development of the embryo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changyu Liu
- Molecular and Cell Genetics Laboratory; The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale; School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Min Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tianjie Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hongcui Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qinghua Shi
- Molecular and Cell Genetics Laboratory; The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale; School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| |
Collapse
|
241
|
Temperature and pH sensitivity of a stabilized self-nanoemulsion formed using an ionizable lipid-like material via an oil-to-surfactant transition. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 151:95-101. [PMID: 27987460 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lipids functionalized with tertiary amines (ionizable lipids) for a pH-dependent positive charge have been developed extensively as a carrier material for delivering nucleic acids. We previously developed an SS-cleavable proton-activated lipid-like material (ssPalm) as a component of a functionalized lipid envelope structure of a nanoparticle that encapsulated plasmid DNA and short interfering RNA. In this study, we report on the unique characteristics of such an ionizable lipid: the formation of a nano-sized emulsion (ave. 40nm) via pH-triggered self-emulsification in the absence of a cargo (nucleic acids). The particle has a neutral charge at physiological pH and is stabilized by helper lipids and polyethyleneglycol (PEG)-conjugated lipids. The generalized polarization of 6-dodecanoyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene (Laurdan), which indicates the surface polarity caused by the invasion of water onto the surface, changes dynamically in response to pH and temperature, while the fluidity of the intra-particle compartment, as measured by the fluorescence anisotropy of 1,6-Diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH), is not affected. Even when the particle contains a high density of PEG on the surface, it shows a high fusogenecity to negatively charged liposomes in response to an acidic pH to a higher degree than a conventional cationic lipid. These characteristics suggest that the ssPalm particle possesses unique properties for delivering lipophilic drugs across the biomembrane.
Collapse
|
242
|
Wood KD, Holmes RP, Knight J. RNA interference in the treatment of renal stone disease: Current status and future potentials. Int J Surg 2016; 36:713-716. [PMID: 27847291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2016.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in RNA interference (RNAi) delivery and chemistry have resulted in the development of more than 20 RNAi-based therapeutics, several of which are now in Phase III trials. The most advanced clinical trials have utilized modifications such as lipid nanoparticles and conjugation to N-acetyl galactosamine to treat liver specific diseases. Recent reports have suggested that reducing endogenous oxalate synthesis by RNAi may be a safe and effective therapy for patients with the rare disease, Primary Hyperoxaluria (PH). Our current understanding of endogenous oxalate synthesis indicates that two enzymes, hydroxyproline dehydrogenase and glycolate oxidase (GO), are suitable targets for oxalate reduction therapy. Our studies in a mouse model of PH type 1 have demonstrated that reducing the expression of either of these enzymes in the liver with RNAi significantly reduces urinary oxalate excretion. Early human phase clinical trials are now under way in PH1 patients with RNAi targeting GO. Future elaboration of other contributors of stone disease and improvement in tissue specific targeting with RNAi may lead to further therapies that target idiopathic stone disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D Wood
- Department of Urology, 816 KAUL Building, 720 20th Street South, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294-3411, USA.
| | - Ross P Holmes
- Department of Urology, 816 KAUL Building, 720 20th Street South, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294-3411, USA.
| | - John Knight
- Department of Urology, 816 KAUL Building, 720 20th Street South, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294-3411, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
243
|
Ho W, Zhang XQ, Xu X. Biomaterials in siRNA Delivery: A Comprehensive Review. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:2715-2731. [PMID: 27700013 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
With the dearth of effective treatment options for prominent diseases including Ebola and cancer, RNA interference (RNAi), a sequence-specific mechanism for genetic regulation that can silence nearly any gene, holds the promise of unlimited potential in treating illness ever since its discovery in 1999. Given the large size, unstable tertiary structure in physiological conditions and negative charge of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), the development of safe and effective delivery vehicles is of critical importance in order to drive the widespread use of RNAi therapeutics into clinical settings. Immense amounts of time and billions of dollars have been devoted into the design of novel and diverse delivery strategies, and there are a handful of delivery systems that have been successfully translated into clinic. This review provides an introduction to the in vivo barriers that need to be addressed by siRNA delivery systems. We also discuss the progress up to the most effective and clinically advanced siRNA delivery systems including liposomal, polymeric and siRNA conjugate delivery systems, as well as their design to overcome the challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Ho
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Newark School of Engineering; New Jersey Institute of Technology; Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Xue-Qing Zhang
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Newark School of Engineering; New Jersey Institute of Technology; Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Xiaoyang Xu
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Newark School of Engineering; New Jersey Institute of Technology; Newark NJ 07102 USA
| |
Collapse
|
244
|
Sato Y, Sakurai Y, Kajimoto K, Nakamura T, Yamada Y, Akita H, Harashima H. Innovative Technologies in Nanomedicines: From Passive Targeting to Active Targeting/From Controlled Pharmacokinetics to Controlled Intracellular Pharmacokinetics. Macromol Biosci 2016; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Hokkaido University; Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812 Japan
| | - Yu Sakurai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Hokkaido University; Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812 Japan
| | - Kazuaki Kajimoto
- Health Research Institute; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); 2217-14 Hayashi-cho Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395 Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Hokkaido University; Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812 Japan
| | - Yuma Yamada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Hokkaido University; Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812 Japan
| | - Hidetaka Akita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Chiba University; 1-8-1 Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8675 Japan
| | - Hideyoshi Harashima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Hokkaido University; Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
245
|
Abstract
Recent studies have led to a greater appreciation of the diverse roles RNAs play in maintaining normal cellular function and how they contribute to disease pathology, broadening the number of potential therapeutic targets. Antisense oligonucleotides are the most direct means to target RNA in a selective manner and have become an established platform technology for drug discovery. There are multiple molecular mechanisms by which antisense oligonucleotides can be used to modulate RNAs in cells, including promoting the degradation of the targeted RNA or modulating RNA function without degradation. Antisense drugs utilizing various antisense mechanisms are demonstrating therapeutic potential for the treatment of a broad variety of diseases. This review focuses on some of the advances that have taken place in translating antisense technology from the bench to the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nguyen Pham
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California 92010;
| | - Eric Swayze
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California 92010;
| | | |
Collapse
|
246
|
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) provide a unique mechanism of gene regulation and play a key role in different pathologies ranging from metabolic diseases to cancer. miRNAs can impact biological function as either suppressors of gene expression when their expression levels are enhanced in a disease state or they can cause upregulation of gene expression when their expression levels are reduced. Therefore both gain- and loss-of- function strategies are needed to fully exploit their therapeutic potential. miRNA research first focused on inhibition of single miRNAs using oligonucleotide inhibitors. However, more recent approaches explore the potential to deliver oligonucleotides to mimic miRNA expression or to employ small molecules to increase or inhibit miRNA function. Although we need to know more about the potential side effects and tissue specific delivery systems, these studies provide grounds to further exploit miRNAs as novel therapeutic targets in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Krützfeldt
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, University Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Competence Center Personalized Medicine, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
247
|
Application of nanoparticle technology in the treatment of Systemic lupus erythematous. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:1154-1163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
|
248
|
Nussbaumer MG, Duskey JT, Rother M, Renggli K, Chami M, Bruns N. Chaperonin-Dendrimer Conjugates for siRNA Delivery. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2016; 3:1600046. [PMID: 27840795 PMCID: PMC5096033 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201600046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The group II chaperonin thermosome (THS) is a hollow protein nanoparticle that can encapsulate macromolecular guests. Two large pores grant access to the interior of the protein cage. Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) is conjugated into THS to act as an anchor for small interfering RNA (siRNA), allowing to load the THS with therapeutic payload. THS-PAMAM protects siRNA from degradation by RNase A and traffics KIF11 and GAPDH siRNA into U87 cancer cells. By modification of the protein cage with the cell-penetrating peptide TAT, RNA interference is also induced in PC-3 cells. THS-PAMAM protein-polymer conjugates are therefore promising siRNA transfection reagents and greatly expand the scope of protein cages in drug delivery applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin G. Nussbaumer
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselKlingelbergstrasse 804056BaselSwitzerland
| | - Jason T. Duskey
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselKlingelbergstrasse 804056BaselSwitzerland
| | - Martin Rother
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselKlingelbergstrasse 804056BaselSwitzerland
| | - Kasper Renggli
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselKlingelbergstrasse 804056BaselSwitzerland
| | - Mohamed Chami
- C‐CINACenter for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics BiozentrumUniversity of BaselMattenstrasse 264058BaselSwitzerland
| | - Nico Bruns
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselKlingelbergstrasse 804056BaselSwitzerland
- Adolphe Merkle InstituteUniversity of FribourgChemin des Verdiers 41700FribourgSwitzerland
| |
Collapse
|
249
|
Andersen HH, Johnsen KB, Arendt-Nielsen L. On the prospect of clinical utilization of microRNAs as biomarkers or treatment of chronic pain. Exp Neurol 2016; 284:63-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
250
|
Lee SH, Kang YY, Jang HE, Mok H. Current preclinical small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based conjugate systems for RNA therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 104:78-92. [PMID: 26514375 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent promising clinical results of RNA therapeutics have drawn big attention of academia and industries to RNA therapeutics and their carrier systems. To improve their feasibility in clinics, systemic evaluations of currently available carrier systems under clinical trials and preclinical studies are needed. In this review, we focus on recent noticeable preclinical studies and clinical results regarding siRNA-based conjugates for clinical translations. Advantages and drawbacks of siRNA-based conjugates are discussed, compared to particle-based delivery systems. Then, representative siRNA-based conjugates with aptamers, peptides, carbohydrates, lipids, polymers, and nanostructured materials are introduced. To improve feasibility of siRNA conjugates in preclinical studies, several considerations for the rational design of siRNA conjugates in terms of cleavability, immune responses, multivalent conjugations, and mechanism of action are also presented. Lastly, we discuss lessons from previous preclinical and clinical studies related to siRNA conjugates and perspectives of their clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soo Hyeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yoon Young Kang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Eun Jang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejung Mok
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|