201
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Wang B, Fan P, Zhao J, Wu H, Jin X, Wu H. FBP1 loss contributes to BET inhibitors resistance by undermining c-Myc expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:224. [PMID: 30201002 PMCID: PMC6131902 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0888-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal tumor types worldwide. BET inhibitors display anti-tumor activity in pancreatic cancer, however the cells often develop resistance after a long-term treatment and the underlying molecular basis is not fully understood. Methods Drug screening assay in Fructose-1, 6-biphosphatase (FBP1) knockdown or overexpressing pancreatic cancer cells was performed. Tumor cell motility, FBP1 protein and mRNA changes were investigated after BET inhibitors treatment. The interaction between TRIM28 and FBP1 after BET inhibitors treatment was examined by Co-immunoprecipitation (IP) and GST pull-down. The relationship between FBP1 and c-Myc was examined by western blot, RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results The expression of FBP1 protein increased the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to JQ1. Furthermore, we showed that JQ1 stabilized FBP1 protein level by disrupting the interaction between FBP1 and TRIM28 in pancreatic cancer cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that FBP1 promoted c-Myc degradation through disrupting the ERK-c-Myc axis. Conclusions FBP1 modulates the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to BET inhibitors by decreasing the expression of c-Myc. These findings highlight FBP1 could be used as a therapeutic niche for patient-tailored therapies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0888-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ping Fan
- Department of Digestive Surgical Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Heyu Wu
- Operating Room, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China. .,Department of Digestive Surgical Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Heshui Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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202
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Cheung PF, Neff F, Neander C, Bazarna A, Savvatakis K, Liffers ST, Althoff K, Lee CL, Moding EJ, Kirsch DG, Saur D, Bazhin AV, Trajkovic-Arsic M, Heikenwalder MF, Siveke JT. Notch-Induced Myeloid Reprogramming in Spontaneous Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma by Dual Genetic Targeting. Cancer Res 2018; 78:4997-5010. [PMID: 29844119 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in our understanding of the genetics of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the efficacy of therapeutic regimens targeting aberrant signaling pathways remains highly limited. Therapeutic strategies are greatly hampered by the extensive desmoplasia that comprises heterogeneous cell populations. Notch signaling is a contentious pathway exerting opposite roles in tumorigenesis depending on cellular context. Advanced model systems are needed to gain more insights into complex signaling in the multilayered tumor microenvironment. In this study, we employed a dual recombinase-based in vivo strategy to modulate Notch signaling specifically in myeloid cells to dissect the tumorigenic role of Notch in PDAC stroma. Pancreas-specific KrasG12D activation and loss of Tp53 was induced using a Pdx1-Flp transgene, whereas Notch signaling was genetically targeted using a myeloid-targeting Lyz2-Cre strain for either activation of Notch2-IC or deletion of Rbpj. Myeloid-specific Notch activation significantly decreased tumor infiltration by protumorigenic M2 macrophages in spontaneous endogenous PDAC, which translated into significant survival benefit. Further characterization revealed upregulated antigen presentation and cytotoxic T effector phenotype upon Notch-induced M2 reduction. This approach is the first proof of concept for genetic targeting and reprogramming of myeloid cells in a complex disease model of PDAC and provides evidence for a regulatory role of Notch signaling in intratumoral immune phenotypes.Significance: This study provides insight into the role of myeloid-dependent NOTCH signaling in PDAC and accentuates the need to dissect differential roles of signaling pathways in different cellular components within the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Res; 78(17); 4997-5010. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phyllis F Cheung
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Neff
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Neander
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Bazarna
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Savvatakis
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven-Thorsten Liffers
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kristina Althoff
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chang-Lung Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Everett J Moding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - David G Kirsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Dieter Saur
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.,Medical Department, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandr V Bazhin
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.,German Caner Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Germany
| | - Marija Trajkovic-Arsic
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Jens T Siveke
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.,Medical Department, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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203
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Handoko L, Kaczkowski B, Hon CC, Lizio M, Wakamori M, Matsuda T, Ito T, Jeyamohan P, Sato Y, Sakamoto K, Yokoyama S, Kimura H, Minoda A, Umehara T. JQ1 affects BRD2-dependent and independent transcription regulation without disrupting H4-hyperacetylated chromatin states. Epigenetics 2018; 13:410-431. [PMID: 30080437 PMCID: PMC6140815 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2018.1469891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins are promising drug targets for cancer and immune diseases. However, BET inhibition effects have been studied more in the context of bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) than BRD2, and the BET protein association to histone H4-hyperacetylated chromatin is not understood at the genome-wide level. Here, we report transcription start site (TSS)-resolution integrative analyses of ChIP-seq and transcriptome profiles in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line H23. We show that di-acetylation at K5 and K8 of histone H4 (H4K5acK8ac) co-localizes with H3K27ac and BRD2 in the majority of active enhancers and promoters, where BRD2 has a stronger association with H4K5acK8ac than H3K27ac. Although BET inhibition by JQ1 led to complete reduction of BRD2 binding to chromatin, only local changes of H4K5acK8ac levels were observed, suggesting that recruitment of BRD2 does not influence global histone H4 hyperacetylation levels. This finding supports a model in which recruitment of BET proteins via histone H4 hyperacetylation is predominant over hyperacetylation of histone H4 by BET protein-associated acetyltransferases. In addition, we found that a remarkable number of BRD2-bound genes, including MYC and its downstream target genes, were transcriptionally upregulated upon JQ1 treatment. Using BRD2-enriched sites and transcriptional activity analysis, we identified candidate transcription factors potentially involved in the JQ1 response in BRD2-dependent and -independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusy Handoko
- a Division of Genomic Technologies , RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Bogumil Kaczkowski
- a Division of Genomic Technologies , RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Chung-Chau Hon
- a Division of Genomic Technologies , RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Marina Lizio
- a Division of Genomic Technologies , RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Masatoshi Wakamori
- b Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology , RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Takayoshi Matsuda
- b Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology , RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Takuhiro Ito
- b Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology , RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Prashanti Jeyamohan
- a Division of Genomic Technologies , RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Yuko Sato
- c Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research , Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Kensaku Sakamoto
- b Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology , RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama , Kanagawa , Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Kimura
- c Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research , Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Aki Minoda
- a Division of Genomic Technologies , RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Takashi Umehara
- b Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology , RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama , Kanagawa , Japan.,e PRESTO , Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) , Kawaguchi, Saitama , Japan
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204
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Marks DL, Olson RL, Urrutia R, Billadeau DD, Roy N, Calin GA, Fabbri M, Koutsioumpa M, Iliopoulos D, Ordog T, Huebert R, Sarmento O, Bamidele AO, Faubion W, Lomberk GL, Siveke J, Ahuja N, Iovanna J, Hlady RA, Robertson K, Kisiel J, Pin CL, Fernandez-Zapico ME. Epigenetics of gastrointestinal diseases: notes from a workshop. Epigenetics 2018; 13:449-457. [PMID: 30056798 PMCID: PMC6140811 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2018.1464351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
International experts gathered at the Mayo Clinic (Rochester MN, USA) on February 27th-28th, 2017 for a meeting entitled ‘Basic and Translational Facets of the Epigenetics of GI Diseases’. This workshop summarized recent advances on the role of epigenetics in the pathobiology of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. Highlights of the meeting included recent advances on the involvement of different epigenetic mechanisms in malignant and nonmalignant GI disorders and the epigenetic heterogeneity exhibited in these diseases. The translational value of epigenetic drugs, as well as the current and future use of epigenetic changes (i.e., DNA methylation patterns) as biomarkers for early detection tools or disease stratification were also important topics of discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Marks
- a Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
| | - Rachel L Olson
- a Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
| | - Raul Urrutia
- b Division of Research, Department of Surgery , Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , WI , USA
| | - Daniel D Billadeau
- a Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
| | - Nilotpal Roy
- c Diabetes Center , University of California at San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - George A Calin
- d Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Medicine , MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Muller Fabbri
- e Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Keck School of Medicine of USC , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Marina Koutsioumpa
- f Laboratory and the Center for Systems Biomedicine , University of California at Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Dimitrios Iliopoulos
- f Laboratory and the Center for Systems Biomedicine , University of California at Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Tamas Ordog
- g Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
| | - Robert Huebert
- g Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
| | - Olga Sarmento
- g Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
| | - Adebowale O Bamidele
- g Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
| | - William Faubion
- g Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
| | - Gwen L Lomberk
- b Division of Research, Department of Surgery , Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , WI , USA
| | - Jens Siveke
- h Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, West German Cancer Center , University Hospital Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - Nita Ahuja
- i Department of Surgery , Yale School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Juan Iovanna
- j Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258 , Institut Paoli-Calmettes , Aix Marseille , France
| | - Ryan A Hlady
- k Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
| | - Keith Robertson
- k Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
| | - John Kisiel
- g Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
| | - Christopher L Pin
- l Division of Genetics & Development, Children's Health Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics, Physiology and Pharmacology, and Oncology , The University of Western Ontario , London , ON , Canada
| | - Martin E Fernandez-Zapico
- a Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
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205
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Lampreht Tratar U, Horvat S, Cemazar M. Transgenic Mouse Models in Cancer Research. Front Oncol 2018; 8:268. [PMID: 30079312 PMCID: PMC6062593 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of existing mouse models in cancer research is of utmost importance as they aim to explore the casual link between candidate cancer genes and carcinogenesis as well as to provide models to develop and test new therapies. However, faster progress in translating mouse cancer model research into the clinic has been hampered due to the limitations of these models to better reflect the complexities of human tumors. Traditionally, immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice with syngeneic and xenografted tumors transplanted subcutaneously or orthotopically have been used. These models are still being widely employed for many different types of studies, in part due to their widespread availability and low cost. Other types of mouse models used in cancer research comprise transgenic mice in which oncogenes can be constitutively or conditionally expressed and tumor-suppressor genes silenced using conventional methods, such as retroviral infection, microinjection of DNA constructs, and the so-called "gene-targeted transgene" approach. These traditional transgenic models have been very important in studies of carcinogenesis and tumor pathogenesis, as well as in studies evaluating the development of resistance to therapy. Recently, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based genome editing approach has revolutionized the field of mouse cancer models and has had a profound and rapid impact on the development of more effective systems to study human cancers. The CRISPR/Cas9-based transgenic models have the capacity to engineer a wide spectrum of mutations found in human cancers and provide solutions to problems that were previously unsolvable. Recently, humanized mouse xenograft models that accept patient-derived xenografts and CD34+ cells were developed to better mimic tumor heterogeneity, the tumor microenvironment, and cross-talk between the tumor and stromal/immune cells. These features make them extremely valuable models for the evaluation of investigational cancer therapies, specifically new immunotherapies. Taken together, improvements in both the CRISPR/Cas9 system producing more valid mouse models and in the humanized mouse xenograft models resembling complex interactions between the tumor and its environment might represent one of the successful pathways to precise individualized cancer therapy, leading to improved cancer patient survival and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursa Lampreht Tratar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simon Horvat
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Cemazar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Isola, Slovenia
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206
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Kim SR, Lewis JM, Cyrenne BM, Monico PF, Mirza FN, Carlson KR, Foss FM, Girardi M. BET inhibition in advanced cutaneous T cell lymphoma is synergistically potentiated by BCL2 inhibition or HDAC inhibition. Oncotarget 2018; 9:29193-29207. [PMID: 30018745 PMCID: PMC6044378 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
While several systemic therapies are approved for cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL), a non-Hodgkin lymphoma of skin-homing T cells that may involve lymph nodes and peripheral blood in advanced stages, relapses are common. Mutational analysis of CTCL cells has revealed frequent amplification of the MYC oncogene, and bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) protein inhibitors have been shown to repress MYC expression in various malignancies. Towards a potential novel therapy, we thus sought to examine the effect of BET inhibition on CTCL cells in vitro. Each of the four tested BET inhibitors (JQ1, ABBV-075, I-BET762, CPI-0610) consistently induced dose-dependent decreases in viability of isolated patient-derived CTCL cells and established CTCL cell lines (MyLa, Sez4, HH, Hut78). This effect was synergistically potentiated by combination of BET inhibition with BCL2 inhibition (e.g. venetoclax) or histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition (e.g. vorinostat or romidepsin). There was also a marked increase in caspase 3/7 activation when JQ1 was combined with either vorinostat or romidepsin, confirming that the observed synergies are due in major part to induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, MYC and BCL2 expression were each synergistically repressed when CTCL cells were treated with JQ1 plus HDAC inhibitors, suggesting cooperative activities at the level of epigenetic regulation. Taken together, these data indicate that targeting BET proteins in CTCL represents a promising novel therapeutic strategy that may be substantially potentiated by combination with BCL2 or HDAC inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Rang Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Julia M Lewis
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Benoit M Cyrenne
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Patrick F Monico
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Fatima N Mirza
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Kacie R Carlson
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Francine M Foss
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Michael Girardi
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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207
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Recent Advances in Chromatin Mechanisms Controlling Pancreatic Carcinogenesis. EPIGENOMES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes2020011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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208
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Lambert M, Jambon S, Depauw S, David-Cordonnier MH. Targeting Transcription Factors for Cancer Treatment. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061479. [PMID: 29921764 PMCID: PMC6100431 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors are involved in a large number of human diseases such as cancers for which they account for about 20% of all oncogenes identified so far. For long time, with the exception of ligand-inducible nuclear receptors, transcription factors were considered as “undruggable” targets. Advances knowledge of these transcription factors, in terms of structure, function (expression, degradation, interaction with co-factors and other proteins) and the dynamics of their mode of binding to DNA has changed this postulate and paved the way for new therapies targeted against transcription factors. Here, we discuss various ways to target transcription factors in cancer models: by modulating their expression or degradation, by blocking protein/protein interactions, by targeting the transcription factor itself to prevent its DNA binding either through a binding pocket or at the DNA-interacting site, some of these inhibitors being currently used or evaluated for cancer treatment. Such different targeting of transcription factors by small molecules is facilitated by modern chemistry developing a wide variety of original molecules designed to specifically abort transcription factor and by an increased knowledge of their pathological implication through the use of new technologies in order to make it possible to improve therapeutic control of transcription factor oncogenic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Lambert
- INSERM UMR-S1172-JPARC (Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center), Lille University and Hospital Center (CHU-Lille), Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL), Place de Verdun, F-59045 Lille, France.
| | - Samy Jambon
- INSERM UMR-S1172-JPARC (Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center), Lille University and Hospital Center (CHU-Lille), Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL), Place de Verdun, F-59045 Lille, France.
| | - Sabine Depauw
- INSERM UMR-S1172-JPARC (Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center), Lille University and Hospital Center (CHU-Lille), Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL), Place de Verdun, F-59045 Lille, France.
| | - Marie-Hélène David-Cordonnier
- INSERM UMR-S1172-JPARC (Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center), Lille University and Hospital Center (CHU-Lille), Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL), Place de Verdun, F-59045 Lille, France.
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209
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Baliou S, Adamaki M, Kyriakopoulos AM, Spandidos DA, Panayiotidis M, Christodoulou I, Zoumpourlis V. CRISPR therapeutic tools for complex genetic disorders and cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2018; 53:443-468. [PMID: 29901119 PMCID: PMC6017271 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the fundamental discoveries in the field of biology is the ability to modulate the genome and to monitor the functional outputs derived from genomic alterations. In order to unravel new therapeutic options, scientists had initially focused on inducing genetic alterations in primary cells, in established cancer cell lines and mouse models using either RNA interference or cDNA overexpression or various programmable nucleases [zinc finger nucleases (ZNF), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN)]. Even though a huge volume of data was produced, its use was neither cheap nor accurate. Therefore, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system was evidenced to be the next step in genome engineering tools. CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9)-mediated genetic perturbation is simple, precise and highly efficient, empowering researchers to apply this method to immortalized cancerous cell lines, primary cells derived from mouse and human origins, xenografts, induced pluripotent stem cells, organoid cultures, as well as the generation of genetically engineered animal models. In this review, we assess the development of the CRISPR system and its therapeutic applications to a wide range of complex diseases (particularly distinct tumors), aiming at personalized therapy. Special emphasis is given to organoids and CRISPR screens in the design of innovative therapeutic approaches. Overall, the CRISPR system is regarded as an eminent genome engineering tool in therapeutics. We envision a new era in cancer biology during which the CRISPR-based genome engineering toolbox will serve as the fundamental conduit between the bench and the bedside; nonetheless, certain obstacles need to be addressed, such as the eradication of side-effects, maximization of efficiency, the assurance of delivery and the elimination of immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Baliou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Adamaki
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Mihalis Panayiotidis
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
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210
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Zhen DB, Coveler A, Zanon S, Reni M, Chiorean EG. Biomarker-driven and molecularly targeted therapies for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Semin Oncol 2018; 45:107-115. [PMID: 30391013 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a deadly disease with few effective treatment options. Our knowledge of molecular alterations in PDAC has significantly grown and helped identify new therapeutic targets. The success of immune checkpoint inhibition in mismatch repair deficient tumors, PARP inhibitors for tumors with DNA repair defects, and targeting hyaluronan with PEGPH20 in patients with high expressing (hyaluronan-high) tumors are examples of promising biomarker-driven therapies. We review the major biological mechanisms in PDAC and discuss current and future directions for molecularly targeted therapies in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Zhen
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew Coveler
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Silvia Zanon
- Department of Medical Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Reni
- Department of Medical Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - E Gabriela Chiorean
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
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212
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Mutant KRAS-driven cancers depend on PTPN11/SHP2 phosphatase. Nat Med 2018; 24:954-960. [DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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213
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Xie F, Huang M, Lin X, Liu C, Liu Z, Meng F, Wang C, Huang Q. The BET inhibitor I-BET762 inhibits pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell proliferation and enhances the therapeutic effect of gemcitabine. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8102. [PMID: 29802402 PMCID: PMC5970200 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26496-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the most fatal malignancies, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has significant resistance to the currently available treatment approaches. Gemcitabine, the standard chemotherapeutic agent for locally advanced and metastatic PDAC, has limited efficacy, which is attributed to innate/acquired resistance and the activation of prosurvival pathways. Here, we investigated the in vitro efficacy of I-BET762, an inhibitor of the bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) family of proteins, in treating PDAC cell lines alone and in combination with gemcitabine (GEM). The effect of these two agents was also examined in xenograft PDAC tumors in mice. We found that I-BET762 induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase and cell death and suppressed cell proliferation and metastatic stem cell factors in PDAC cells. In addition, the BH3-only protein Bim, which is related to chemotherapy resistance, was upregulated by I-BET762, which increased the cell death triggered by GEM in PDAC cells. Moreover, GEM and I-BET762 exerted a synergistic effect on cytotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, Bim is necessary for I-BET762 activity and modulates the synergistic effect of GEM and I-BET762 in PDAC. In conclusion, we investigated the effect of I-BET762 on PDAC and suggest an innovative strategy for PDAC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xie
- Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, No. 17, Lujiang Road, Hefei, Anhui province, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hefei, China
| | - Mei Huang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hefei, China
| | - Xiansheng Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, No. 17, Lujiang Road, Hefei, Anhui province, China
| | - Chenhai Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, No. 17, Lujiang Road, Hefei, Anhui province, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, No. 17, Lujiang Road, Hefei, Anhui province, China
| | - Futao Meng
- Anhui Medical University Affiliated Provincial Hospital, No. 9, Lujiang Road, Hefei, Anhui province, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, No. 17, Lujiang Road, Hefei, Anhui province, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, No. 17, Lujiang Road, Hefei, Anhui province, China.
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214
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Drosten M, Guerra C, Barbacid M. Genetically Engineered Mouse Models of K-Ras-Driven Lung and Pancreatic Tumors: Validation of Therapeutic Targets. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2018; 8:cshperspect.a031542. [PMID: 28778964 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a031542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
K-RAS signaling has been intensely studied for over 40 years. Yet, as of today, no drugs have been approved to treat K-RAS mutant cancers. Since the turn of the century, scientists have used genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models to reproduce K-RAS mutant cancers in a laboratory setting to elucidate those molecular events responsible for the onset and progression of these tumors and to identify suitable therapies. In this review, we outline a brief description of available GEM models for two tumor types known to be driven by K-RAS mutations: lung adenocarcinoma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. In addition, we summarize a series of studies that have used these GEM tumor models to validate, either by genetic or pharmacological approaches, the therapeutic potential of a variety of targets, with the ultimate goal of translating these results to the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Drosten
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Guerra
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Barbacid
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), E-28029 Madrid, Spain
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215
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Paradise BD, Barham W, Fernandez-Zapico ME. Targeting Epigenetic Aberrations in Pancreatic Cancer, a New Path to Improve Patient Outcomes? Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10050128. [PMID: 29710783 PMCID: PMC5977101 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10050128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has one of the highest mortality rates among all types of cancers. The disease is highly aggressive and typically diagnosed in late stage making it difficult to treat. Currently, the vast majority of therapeutic regimens have only modest curative effects, and most of them are in the surgical/neo-adjuvant setting. There is a great need for new and more effective treatment strategies in common clinical practice. Previously, pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer was attributed solely to genetic mutations; however, recent advancements in the field have demonstrated that aberrant activation of epigenetic pathways contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of the disease. The identification of these aberrant activated epigenetic pathways has revealed enticing targets for the use of epigenetic inhibitors to mitigate the phenotypic changes driven by these cascades. These pathways have been found to be responsible for overactivation of growth signaling pathways and silencing of tumor suppressors and other cell cycle checkpoints. Furthermore, new miRNA signatures have been uncovered in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients, further widening the window for therapeutic opportunity. There has been success in preclinical settings using both epigenetic inhibitors as well as miRNAs to slow disease progression and eliminate diseased tissues. In addition to their utility as anti-proliferative agents, the pharmacological inhibitors that target epigenetic regulators (referred to here as readers, writers, and erasers for their ability to recognize, deposit, and remove post-translational modifications) have the potential to reconfigure the epigenetic landscape of diseased cells and disrupt the cancerous phenotype. The potential to “reprogram” cancer cells to revert them to a healthy state presents great promise and merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke D Paradise
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Whitney Barham
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Martín E Fernandez-Zapico
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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216
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Enßle JC, Boedicker C, Wanior M, Vogler M, Knapp S, Fulda S. Co-targeting of BET proteins and HDACs as a novel approach to trigger apoptosis in rhabdomyosarcoma cells. Cancer Lett 2018; 428:160-172. [PMID: 29709701 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Histone acetylation marks exert essential functions in regulating gene expression. These marks are written by histone acetyltransferases (HATs), removed by histone deacetylases (HDACs) and read by e.g. BET proteins. While BET inhibitors are promising new anticancer drugs, little is yet known about their antitumor activity in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). We therefore investigated the efficacy of the prototypic BET inhibitor JQ1 alone or in combination with other epigenetic modifiers, namely HDAC inhibitors (HDACIs). Here, we discover a synergistic interaction of the panBET inhibitor JQ1 together with various HDACIs, i.e. Quisinostat (JNJ-26481585), Vorinostat (SAHA), Entinostat (MS-275) and Panobinostat (LBH589), inducing apoptosis in RMS cells, whereas JQ1 as single agent exhibits little cytotoxicity. Calculation of combination index (CI) confirmed the synergism of this combination. Importantly, JQ1 and JNJ-26481585 act in concert to suppress colony formation and to trigger apoptosis in an in vivo model. Mechanistic studies revealed that combination of JQ1 and JNJ-26481585 cooperatively upregulates BIM and BMF, while downregulating BCL-xL. This shifted ratio of pro- and antiapoptotic BCL-2 proteins engages activation of BAX and BAK and increases caspases-3 and -7 activity. Individual silencing of BIM or NOXA, overexpression of BCL-2 or MCL-1 as well as addition of the caspase inhibitor zVAD.fmk significantly rescue JQ1/JNJ-26481585-induced apoptosis. Thus, co-targeting of histone acetylation by concomitant inhibition of HDAC and BET proteins synergistically induces mitochondrial apoptosis by shifting the ratio of pro- and antiapoptotic BCL-2 proteins towards apoptosis. These findings indicate that combinatorial use of BET and HDACIs may represent a promising new strategy for the treatment of RMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius C Enßle
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Komturstrasse 3a, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Cathinka Boedicker
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Komturstrasse 3a, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marek Wanior
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, J.W. Goethe-University and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Meike Vogler
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Komturstrasse 3a, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefan Knapp
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, J.W. Goethe-University and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Simone Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Komturstrasse 3a, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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217
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Kang YP, Ward NP, DeNicola GM. Recent advances in cancer metabolism: a technological perspective. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-16. [PMID: 29657324 PMCID: PMC5938018 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0027-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are highly dependent on metabolic pathways to sustain both their proliferation and adaption to harsh microenvironments. Thus, understanding the metabolic reprogramming that occurs in tumors can provide critical insights for the development of therapies targeting metabolism. In this review, we will discuss recent advancements in metabolomics and other multidisciplinary techniques that have led to the discovery of novel metabolic pathways and mechanisms in diverse cancer types. Researchers now have access to a rapidly growing number of tools for probing the metabolic abnormalities associated with tumor growth. Unrestrained growth puts special demands on cancer cells, and scientists have known for nearly a century that tumor metabolism differs considerably from healthy tissue metabolism. Gina DeNicola and colleagues at the Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, USA, have reviewed the technological tools available for monitoring the molecules that power cell growth and survival. These include mass spectrometry, which can generate an extremely detailed census of cellular metabolites in a single experiment. The authors also highlight techniques that can help ‘trap’ short-lived or unstable chemical intermediates for analysis. Other chemical labeling and tracing techniques can illuminate activity of selected metabolic processes in living tumor cells or even in patients, findings that could reveal therapeutic vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Pyo Kang
- Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Nathan P Ward
- Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Gina M DeNicola
- Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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218
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Vural S, Simon R, Krushkal J. Correlation of gene expression and associated mutation profiles of APOBEC3A, APOBEC3B, REV1, UNG, and FHIT with chemosensitivity of cancer cell lines to drug treatment. Hum Genomics 2018; 12:20. [PMID: 29642934 PMCID: PMC5896091 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-018-0150-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The APOBEC gene family of cytidine deaminases plays important roles in DNA repair and mRNA editing. In many cancers, APOBEC3B increases the mutation load, generating clusters of closely spaced, single-strand-specific DNA substitutions with a characteristic hypermutation signature. Some studies also suggested a possible involvement of APOBEC3A, REV1, UNG, and FHIT in molecular processes affecting APOBEC mutagenesis. It is important to understand how mutagenic processes linked to the activity of these genes may affect sensitivity of cancer cells to treatment. RESULTS We used information from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia and the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer resources to examine associations of the prevalence of APOBEC-like motifs and mutational loads with expression of APOBEC3A, APOBEC3B, REV1, UNG, and FHIT and with cell line chemosensitivity to 255 antitumor drugs. Among the five genes, APOBEC3B expression levels were bimodally distributed, whereas expression of APOBEC3A, REV1, UNG, and FHIT was unimodally distributed. The majority of the cell lines had low levels of APOBEC3A expression. The strongest correlations of gene expression levels with mutational loads or with measures of prevalence of APOBEC-like motif counts and kataegis clusters were observed for REV1, UNG, and APOBEC3A. Sensitivity or resistance of cell lines to JQ1, palbociclib, bicalutamide, 17-AAG, TAE684, MEK inhibitors refametinib, PD-0325901, and trametinib and a number of other agents was correlated with candidate gene expression levels or with abundance of APOBEC-like motif clusters in specific cancers or across cancer types. CONCLUSIONS We observed correlations of expression levels of the five candidate genes in cell line models with sensitivity to cancer drug treatment. We also noted suggestive correlations between measures of abundance of APOBEC-like sequence motifs with drug sensitivity in small samples of cell lines from individual cancer categories, which require further validation in larger datasets. Molecular mechanisms underlying the links between the activities of the products of each of the five genes, the resulting mutagenic processes, and sensitivity to each category of antitumor agents require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleyman Vural
- Computational and Systems Biology Branch, Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA
| | - Richard Simon
- Computational and Systems Biology Branch, Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA
| | - Julia Krushkal
- Computational and Systems Biology Branch, Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA
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219
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Jauset T, Massó-Vallés D, Martínez-Martín S, Beaulieu ME, Foradada L, Fiorentino FP, Yokota J, Haendler B, Siegel S, Whitfield JR, Soucek L. BET inhibition is an effective approach against KRAS-driven PDAC and NSCLC. Oncotarget 2018; 9:18734-18746. [PMID: 29721157 PMCID: PMC5922351 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Effectively treating KRAS-driven tumors remains an unsolved challenge. The inhibition of downstream signaling effectors is a way of overcoming the issue of direct targeting of mutant KRAS, which has shown limited efficacy so far. Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal (BET) protein inhibition has displayed anti-tumor activity in a wide range of cancers, including KRAS-driven malignancies. Here, we preclinically evaluate the effect of BET inhibition making use of a new BET inhibitor, BAY 1238097, against Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) models harboring RAS mutations both in vivo and in vitro. Our results demonstrate that BET inhibition displays significant therapeutic impact in genetic mouse models of KRAS-driven PDAC and NSCLC, reducing both tumor area and tumor grade. The same approach also causes a significant reduction in cell number of a panel of RAS-mutated human cancer cell lines (8 PDAC and 6 NSCLC). In this context, we demonstrate that while BET inhibition by BAY 1238097 decreases MYC expression in some cell lines, at least in PDAC cells its anti-tumorigenic effect is independent of MYC regulation. Together, these studies reinforce the use of BET inhibition and prompt the optimization of more efficient and less toxic BET inhibitors for the treatment of KRAS-driven malignancies, which are in urgent therapeutic need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Jauset
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Edifici Cellex, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Peptomyc S.L., Edifici Cellex, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Massó-Vallés
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Edifici Cellex, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Martínez-Martín
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Edifici Cellex, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marie-Eve Beaulieu
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Edifici Cellex, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,Peptomyc S.L., Edifici Cellex, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Foradada
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Edifici Cellex, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,Peptomyc S.L., Edifici Cellex, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesco Paolo Fiorentino
- Kitos Biotech srls, Porto Conte Ricerche, Alghero, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Jun Yokota
- Genomics and Epigenomics of Cancer Prediction Program, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias I Pujol (IGTP), Campus Can Ruti, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Jonathan R Whitfield
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Edifici Cellex, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Soucek
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Edifici Cellex, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Peptomyc S.L., Edifici Cellex, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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220
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Research progress of selective small molecule bromodomain-containing protein 9 inhibitors. Future Med Chem 2018; 10:895-906. [PMID: 29620420 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The bromodomain proteins, known as the key targets in epigenetics, are 'readers' of acetylated lysine of histones. As a member of bromodomain proteins, bromodomain-containing protein 9 (BRD9) is a subunit of mammalian SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes. However, the biological functions and the potential application in therapeutics of BRD9 remain ambiguous due to a lack of selective small molecule inhibitors of BRD9. Recently, series of chemical ligands against BRD9 were developed by different research institutes. Here, we reviewed the development and characterization of reported BRD9 inhibitors, which will be the foundation of further chemical design and biological evaluation.
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221
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miR-3140 suppresses tumor cell growth by targeting BRD4 via its coding sequence and downregulates the BRD4-NUT fusion oncoprotein. Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29540837 PMCID: PMC5852021 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22767-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain Containing 4 (BRD4) mediates transcriptional elongation of the oncogene MYC by binding to acetylated histones. BRD4 has been shown to play a critical role in tumorigenesis in several cancers, and the BRD4-NUT fusion gene is a driver of NUT midline carcinoma (NMC), a rare but highly lethal cancer. microRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small non-coding RNAs that suppress target gene expression by binding to complementary mRNA sequences. Here, we show that miR-3140, which was identified as a novel tumor suppressive miRNA by function-based screening of a library containing 1090 miRNA mimics, directly suppressed BRD4 by binding to its coding sequence (CDS). miR-3140 concurrently downregulated BRD3 by bind to its CDS as well as CDK2 and EGFR by binding to their 3' untranslated regions. miR-3140 inhibited tumor cell growth in vitro in various cancer cell lines, including EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor-resistant cells. Interestingly, we found that miR-3140 downregulated the BRD4-NUT fusion protein and suppressed in vitro tumor cell growth in a NMC cell line, Ty-82 cells. Furthermore, administration of miR-3140 suppressed in vivo tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model. Our results suggest that miR-3140 is a candidate for the development of miRNA-based cancer therapeutics.
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222
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Andricovich J, Perkail S, Kai Y, Casasanta N, Peng W, Tzatsos A. Loss of KDM6A Activates Super-Enhancers to Induce Gender-Specific Squamous-like Pancreatic Cancer and Confers Sensitivity to BET Inhibitors. Cancer Cell 2018; 33. [PMID: 29533787 PMCID: PMC5854186 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
KDM6A, an X chromosome-encoded histone demethylase and member of the COMPASS-like complex, is frequently mutated in a broad spectrum of malignancies and contributes to oncogenesis with poorly characterized mechanisms. We found that KDM6A loss induced squamous-like, metastatic pancreatic cancer selectively in females through deregulation of the COMPASS-like complex and aberrant activation of super-enhancers regulating ΔNp63, MYC, and RUNX3 oncogenes. This subtype of tumor developed in males had concomitant loss of UTY and KDM6A, suggesting overlapping roles, and points to largely demethylase independent tumor suppressor functions. We also demonstrate that KDM6A-deficient pancreatic cancer is selectively sensitive to BET inhibitors, which reversed squamous differentiation and restrained tumor growth in vivo, highlighting a therapeutic niche for patient tailored therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Andricovich
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University (GWU) School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA; GWU Cancer Center, GWU School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Stephanie Perkail
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University (GWU) School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA; GWU Cancer Center, GWU School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Yan Kai
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University (GWU) School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA; GWU Cancer Center, GWU School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA; Department of Physics, GWU, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Nicole Casasanta
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University (GWU) School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Weiqun Peng
- GWU Cancer Center, GWU School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA; Department of Physics, GWU, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Alexandros Tzatsos
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University (GWU) School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA; GWU Cancer Center, GWU School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
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223
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Gerlach D, Tontsch-Grunt U, Baum A, Popow J, Scharn D, Hofmann MH, Engelhardt H, Kaya O, Beck J, Schweifer N, Gerstberger T, Zuber J, Savarese F, Kraut N. The novel BET bromodomain inhibitor BI 894999 represses super-enhancer-associated transcription and synergizes with CDK9 inhibition in AML. Oncogene 2018; 37:2687-2701. [PMID: 29491412 PMCID: PMC5955861 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0150-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) protein inhibitors have been reported as treatment options for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in preclinical models and are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. This work presents a novel potent and selective BET inhibitor (BI 894999), which has recently entered clinical trials (NCT02516553). In preclinical studies, this compound is highly active in AML cell lines, primary patient samples, and xenografts. HEXIM1 is described as an excellent pharmacodynamic biomarker for target engagement in tumors as well as in blood. Mechanistic studies show that BI 894999 targets super-enhancer-regulated oncogenes and other lineage-specific factors, which are involved in the maintenance of the disease state. BI 894999 is active as monotherapy in AML xenografts, and in addition leads to strongly enhanced antitumor effects in combination with CDK9 inhibitors. This treatment combination results in a marked decrease of global p-Ser2 RNA polymerase II levels and leads to rapid induction of apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Together, these data provide a strong rationale for the clinical evaluation of BI 894999 in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gerlach
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, 1120, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Anke Baum
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, 1120, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Popow
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, 1120, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dirk Scharn
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, 1120, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marco H Hofmann
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, 1120, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Onur Kaya
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, 1120, Vienna, Austria
| | - Janina Beck
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, 1120, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Johannes Zuber
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030, Vienna, Austria.,Medical University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabio Savarese
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, 1120, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Norbert Kraut
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, 1120, Vienna, Austria.
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Sahni JM, Keri RA. Targeting bromodomain and extraterminal proteins in breast cancer. Pharmacol Res 2018; 129:156-176. [PMID: 29154989 PMCID: PMC5828951 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a collection of distinct tumor subtypes that are driven by unique gene expression profiles. These transcriptomes are controlled by various epigenetic marks that dictate which genes are expressed and suppressed. During carcinogenesis, extensive restructuring of the epigenome occurs, including aberrant acetylation, alteration of methylation patterns, and accumulation of epigenetic readers at oncogenes. As epigenetic alterations are reversible, epigenome-modulating drugs could provide a mechanism to silence numerous oncogenes simultaneously. Here, we review the impact of inhibitors of the Bromodomain and Extraterminal (BET) family of epigenetic readers in breast cancer. These agents, including the prototypical BET inhibitor JQ1, have been shown to suppress a variety of oncogenic pathways while inducing minimal, if any, toxicity in models of several subtypes of breast cancer. BET inhibitors also synergize with multiple approved anti-cancer drugs, providing a greater response in breast cancer cell lines and mouse models than either single agent. The combined findings of the studies discussed here provide an excellent rationale for the continued investigation of the utility of BET inhibitors in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Sahni
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Ruth A Keri
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States; Department of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States.
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225
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Ye S, Lawlor MA, Rivera-Reyes A, Egolf S, Chor S, Pak K, Ciotti GE, Lee AC, Marino GE, Shah J, Niedzwicki D, Weber K, Park PMC, Alam MZ, Grazioli A, Haldar M, Xu M, Perry JA, Qi J, Eisinger-Mathason TSK. YAP1-Mediated Suppression of USP31 Enhances NFκB Activity to Promote Sarcomagenesis. Cancer Res 2018; 78:2705-2720. [PMID: 29490948 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-4052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
To date, no consistent oncogenic driver mutations have been identified in most adult soft tissue sarcomas; these tumors are thus generally insensitive to existing targeted therapies. Here we investigated alternate mechanisms underlying sarcomagenesis to identify potential therapeutic interventions. Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is an aggressive tumor frequently found in skeletal muscle where deregulation of the Hippo pathway and aberrant stabilization of its transcriptional effector yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) increases proliferation and tumorigenesis. However, the downstream mechanisms driving this deregulation are incompletely understood. Using autochthonous mouse models and whole genome analyses, we found that YAP1 was constitutively active in some sarcomas due to epigenetic silencing of its inhibitor angiomotin (AMOT). Epigenetic modulators vorinostat and JQ1 restored AMOT expression and wild-type Hippo pathway signaling, which induced a muscle differentiation program and inhibited sarcomagenesis. YAP1 promoted sarcomagenesis by inhibiting expression of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 31 (USP31), a newly identified upstream negative regulator of NFκB signaling. Combined treatment with epigenetic modulators effectively restored USP31 expression, resulting in decreased NFκB activity. Our findings highlight a key underlying molecular mechanism in UPS and demonstrate the potential impact of an epigenetic approach to sarcoma treatment.Significance: A new link between Hippo pathway signaling, NFκB, and epigenetic reprogramming is highlighted and has the potential for therapeutic intervention in soft tissue sarcomas. Cancer Res; 78(10); 2705-20. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Ye
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Penn Sarcoma Program, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew A Lawlor
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Adrian Rivera-Reyes
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Penn Sarcoma Program, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shaun Egolf
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Penn Sarcoma Program, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Susan Chor
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Penn Sarcoma Program, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Koreana Pak
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Penn Sarcoma Program, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gabrielle E Ciotti
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Penn Sarcoma Program, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Avery C Lee
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Penn Sarcoma Program, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gloria E Marino
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Penn Sarcoma Program, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer Shah
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Penn Sarcoma Program, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David Niedzwicki
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Penn Sarcoma Program, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kristy Weber
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Penn Sarcoma Program, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Paul M C Park
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Md Zahidul Alam
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Penn Sarcoma Program, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alison Grazioli
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Malay Haldar
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Penn Sarcoma Program, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mousheng Xu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer A Perry
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jun Qi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - T S Karin Eisinger-Mathason
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Penn Sarcoma Program, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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226
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OTX015 (MK-8628), a novel BET inhibitor, exhibits antitumor activity in non-small cell and small cell lung cancer models harboring different oncogenic mutations. Oncotarget 2018; 7:84675-84687. [PMID: 27835869 PMCID: PMC5354535 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors targeting epigenetic control points of oncogenes offer a potential mean of blocking tumor progression in small cell and non-small cell lung carcinomas (SCLC, NSCLC). OTX015 (MK-8628) is a BET inhibitor selectively blocking BRD2/3/4. OTX015 was evaluated in a panel of NSCLC or SCLC models harboring different oncogenic mutations. Cell proliferation inhibition and cell cycle arrest were seen in sensitive NSCLC cells. MYC and MYCN were downregulated at both the mRNA and protein levels. In addition, OTX015-treatment significantly downregulated various stemness cell markers, including NANOG, Musashi-1, CD113 and EpCAM in H3122-tumors in vivo. Conversely, in SCLC models, weak antitumor activity was observed with OTX015, both in vitro and in vivo. No predictive biomarkers of OTX015 activity were identified in a large panel of candidate genes known to be affected by BET inhibition. In NSCLC models, OTX015 was equally active in both EML4-ALK positive and negative cell lines, whereas in SCLC models the presence of functional RB1 protein, which controls cell progression at G1, may be related to the final biological outcome of OTX015. Gene expression profiling in NSCLC and SCLC cell lines showed that OTX015 affects important genes and pathways with a very high overlapping between both sensitive and resistant cell lines. These data support the rationale for the OTX015 Phase Ib (NCT02259114) in solid tumors, where NSCLC patients with rearranged ALK gene or KRAS-positive mutations are currently being treated.
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227
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Abstract
The MYC family oncogene is deregulated in >50% of human cancers, and this deregulation is frequently associated with poor prognosis and unfavorable patient survival. Myc has a central role in almost every aspect of the oncogenic process, orchestrating proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and metabolism. Although Myc inhibition would be a powerful approach for the treatment of many types of cancers, direct targeting of Myc has been a challenge for decades owing to its "undruggable" protein structure. Hence, alternatives to Myc blockade have been widely explored to achieve desirable anti-tumor effects, including Myc/Max complex disruption, MYC transcription and/or translation inhibition, and Myc destabilization as well as the synthetic lethality associated with Myc overexpression. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in targeting oncogenic Myc, particularly for cancer therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- 1Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,2Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hudan Liu
- 1Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,2Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Qing
- 1Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,2Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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228
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Wu T, Wang G, Chen W, Zhu Z, Liu Y, Huang Z, Huang Y, Du P, Yang Y, Liu CY, Cui L. Co-inhibition of BET proteins and NF-κB as a potential therapy for colorectal cancer through synergistic inhibiting MYC and FOXM1 expressions. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:315. [PMID: 29472532 PMCID: PMC5833769 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0354-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The bromodomain and extra-terminal domain inhibitors (BETi) are promising epigenetic drugs for the treatment of various cancers through suppression of oncogenic transcription factors. However, only a subset of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells response to BETi. We investigate additional agents that could be combined with BETi to overcome this obstacle. JQ1-resistant CRC cells were used for screening of the effective combination therapies with JQ1. RNA-seq was performed to explore the mechanism of synergistic effect. The efficacy of combinational treatment was tested in the CRC cell line- and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. In BETi-sensitive CRC cells, JQ1 also impaired tumor angiogenesis through the c-myc/miR-17-92/CTGF+THBS1 axis. CTGF knockdown moderately counteracted anti-angiogenic effect of JQ1 and led to partially attenuated tumor regression. JQ1 decreased c-myc expression and NF-κB activity in BETi-sensitive CRC cells but not in resistant cells. Bortezomib synergistically sensitized BETi-resistant cells to the JQ1 treatment, and JQ1+Bortezomib induced G2/M arrest in CRC cells. Mechanistically, inhibition of NF-κB by Bortezomib or NF-κB inhibitor or IKK1/2 siRNA all rendered BETi-resistant cells more sensitive to BETi by synergistic repression of c-myc, which in turn induces GADD45s’ expression, and by synergistic repression of FOXM1 which in turn inhibit G2/M checkpoint genes’ expression. Activation of NF-κB by IκBα siRNA induced resistance to JQ1 in BETi-sensitive CRC cells. Last, JQ1+Bortezomib inhibited tumor growth and angiogenesis in CRC cell line xenograft model and four PDX models. Our results indicate that anti-angiogenic effect of JQ1 plays a vital role in therapeutic effect of JQ1 in CRC, and provide a rationale for combined inhibition of BET proteins and NF-κB as a potential therapy for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhehui Zhu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhenyu Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuji Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Du
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yili Yang
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Center for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Chen-Ying Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, China.
| | - Long Cui
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, China.
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229
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Liu PY, Sokolowski N, Guo ST, Siddiqi F, Atmadibrata B, Telfer TJ, Sun Y, Zhang L, Yu D, Mccarroll J, Liu B, Yang RH, Guo XY, Tee AE, Itoh K, Wang J, Kavallaris M, Haber M, Norris MD, Cheung BB, Byrne JA, Ziegler DS, Marshall GM, Dinger ME, Codd R, Zhang XD, Liu T. The BET bromodomain inhibitor exerts the most potent synergistic anticancer effects with quinone-containing compounds and anti-microtubule drugs. Oncotarget 2018; 7:79217-79232. [PMID: 27764794 PMCID: PMC5346709 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BET bromodomain inhibitors are very promising novel anticancer agents, however, single therapy does not cause tumor regression in mice, suggesting the need for combination therapy. After screening a library of 2697 small molecule compounds, we found that two classes of compounds, the quinone-containing compounds such as nanaomycin and anti-microtubule drugs such as vincristine, exerted the best synergistic anticancer effects with the BET bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 in neuroblastoma cells. Mechanistically, the quinone-containing compound nanaomycin induced neuroblastoma cell death but also activated the Nrf2-antioxidant signaling pathway, and the BET bromodomain proteins BRD3 and BRD4 formed a protein complex with Nrf2. Treatment with JQ1 blocked the recruitment of Nrf2 to the antioxidant responsive elements at Nrf2 target gene promoters, and JQ1 exerted synergistic anticancer effects with nanaomycin by blocking the Nrf2-antioxidant signaling pathway. JQ1 and vincristine synergistically induced neuroblastoma cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, aberrant mitotic spindle assembly formation and apoptosis, but showed no effect on cell survival in normal non-malignant cells. Importantly, co-treatment with JQ1 and vincristine synergistically suppressed tumor progression in neuroblastoma-bearing mice. These results strongly suggest that patients treated with BET bromodomain inhibitors in clinical trials should be co-treated with vincristine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Y Liu
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicholas Sokolowski
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Su T Guo
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Faraz Siddiqi
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bernard Atmadibrata
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Thomas J Telfer
- School of Medical Sciences (Pharmacology) and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yuting Sun
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lihong Zhang
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Denise Yu
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joshua Mccarroll
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bing Liu
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rui H Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanxi Cancer Hospital and Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiang Y Guo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanxi Cancer Hospital and Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Andrew E Tee
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ken Itoh
- Department of Stress Response Science, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Jenny Wang
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, University of New South Wales Medicine, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michelle Haber
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Murray D Norris
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, University of New South Wales Medicine, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Belamy B Cheung
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Byrne
- Children's Cancer Research Unit, Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - David S Ziegler
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, High Street, Randwick, Australia
| | - Glenn M Marshall
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, High Street, Randwick, Australia
| | - Marcel E Dinger
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales Medicine, University of New South Wales Australia, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Rachel Codd
- School of Medical Sciences (Pharmacology) and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Xu D Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,Department of Molecular Biology, Shanxi Cancer Hospital and Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, University of New South Wales Medicine, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, Australia
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230
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES N-myc downstream-regulated gene-1 (NDRG1) is a hypoxia-inducible and differentiation-related protein and candidate biomarker in pancreatic cancer. As NDRG1 expression is lost in high-grade tumors, the effects of the differentiating histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) were examined in human pancreatic cancer cell lines representing different tumor grades. METHODS PANC-1 (poorly differentiated) and Capan-1 (moderately to well-differentiated) cells were treated with TSA. Effects were assessed in vitro by microscopic analysis, colorimetric assays, cell counts, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting. RESULTS Treatment of PANC-1 cells over 4 days with 0.5 μM TSA restored cellular differentiation, inhibited proliferation, and enhanced p21 protein expression. Trichostatin A upregulated NDRG1 mRNA and protein levels under normoxia from day 1 and by 6-fold by day 4 (P < 0.01 at all time points). After 24 hours under hypoxia, NDRG1 expression was further increased in differentiated cells (P < 0.01). Favorable changes were identified in the expression of other hypoxia-regulated genes. CONCLUSIONS Histone deacetylase inhibitors offer a potential novel epidrug approach for pancreatic cancer by reversing the undifferentiated phenotype and allowing patients to overcome resistance and better respond to conventional cytotoxic treatments.
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231
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Yamamoto K, Tateishi K, Kudo Y, Hoshikawa M, Tanaka M, Nakatsuka T, Fujiwara H, Miyabayashi K, Takahashi R, Tanaka Y, Ijichi H, Nakai Y, Isayama H, Morishita Y, Aoki T, Sakamoto Y, Hasegawa K, Kokudo N, Fukayama M, Koike K. Stromal remodeling by the BET bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 suppresses the progression of human pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:61469-61484. [PMID: 27528027 PMCID: PMC5308665 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) proteins, a family of chromatin reader proteins, have therapeutic efficacy against various malignancies. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor effects in distinct tumor types remain elusive. Here, we show a novel antitumor mechanism of BET inhibition in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We found that JQ1, a BET inhibitor, decreased desmoplastic stroma, a hallmark of PDAC, and suppressed the growth of patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDX) of PDACs. In vivo antitumor effects of JQ1 were not always associated with the JQ1 sensitivity of respective PDAC cells, and were rather dependent on the suppression of tumor-promoting activity in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). JQ1 inhibited Hedgehog and TGF-β pathways as potent regulators of CAF activation and suppressed the expression of α-SMA, extracellular matrix, cytokines, and growth factors in human primary CAFs. Consistently, conditioned media (CM) from CAFs promoted the proliferation of PDAC cells along with the activation of ERK, AKT, and STAT3 pathways, though these effects were suppressed when CM from JQ1-treated CAFs was used. Mechanistically, chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that JQ1 reduced TGF-β–dependent gene expression by disrupting the recruitment of the transcriptional machinery containing BET proteins. Finally, combination therapy with gemcitabine plus JQ1 showed greater efficacy than gemcitabine monotherapy against PDAC in vivo. Thus, our results reveal BET proteins as the critical regulators of CAF-activation and also provide evidence that stromal remodeling by epigenetic modulators can be a novel therapeutic option for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tateishi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yotaro Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Mayumi Hoshikawa
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Mariko Tanaka
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takuma Nakatsuka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Koji Miyabayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Ryota Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yasuo Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ijichi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yousuke Nakai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isayama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Morishita
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Taku Aoki
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.,Second Department of Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sakamoto
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hasegawa
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Norihiro Kokudo
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Masashi Fukayama
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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232
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Haynes WA, Tomczak A, Khatri P. Gene annotation bias impedes biomedical research. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1362. [PMID: 29358745 PMCID: PMC5778030 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19333-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We found tremendous inequality across gene and protein annotation resources. We observed that this bias leads biomedical researchers to focus on richly annotated genes instead of those with the strongest molecular data. We advocate that researchers reduce these biases by pursuing data-driven hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winston A Haynes
- Stanford Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Biomedical Informatics Training Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Aurelie Tomczak
- Stanford Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Purvesh Khatri
- Stanford Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
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233
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Hölscher AS, Schulz WA, Pinkerneil M, Niegisch G, Hoffmann MJ. Combined inhibition of BET proteins and class I HDACs synergistically induces apoptosis in urothelial carcinoma cell lines. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:1. [PMID: 29312470 PMCID: PMC5755363 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-017-0434-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background New efficient therapies for urothelial carcinoma (UC) are urgently required. Small-molecule drugs targeting chromatin regulators are reasonable candidates because these regulators are frequently mutated or deregulated in UC. Indeed, in previous work, Romidepsin, which targets class I histone deacetylases (HDAC), efficiently killed UC cells, but did not elicit canonical apoptosis and affected benign urothelial cells indiscriminately. Combinations of HDAC inhibitors with JQ1, an inhibitor of bromodomain-containing acetylation reader proteins like BRD4, which promote especially the transcription of pro-tumorigenic genes, have shown efficacy in several tumor types. We therefore investigated the effects of combined Romidepsin and JQ1 treatment on UC and benign urothelial control cells. Results JQ1 alone induced cell cycle arrest, but only limited apoptosis in eight UC cell lines with strongly varying IC50 values between 0.18 and 10 μM. Comparable effects were achieved by siRNA-mediated knockdown of BRD4. Romidepsin and JQ1 acted in a synergistic manner across all UC cell lines, efficiently inhibiting cell cycle progression, suppressing clonogenic growth, and inducing caspase-dependent apoptosis. Benign control cells were growth-arrested without apoptosis induction, but retained long-term proliferation capacity. In UC cells, anti-apoptotic and oncogenic factors Survivin, BCL-2, BCL-XL, c-MYC, EZH2 and SKP2 were consistently downregulated by the drug combination and AKT phosphorylation was diminished. Around the transcriptional start sites of these genes, the drug combination enhanced H3K27 acetylation, but decreased H3K4 trimethylation. The cell cycle inhibitor CDKN1C/p57KIP2 was dramatically induced at mRNA and protein levels. However, Cas9-mediated CDKN1C/p57KIP2 knockout did not rescue UC cells from apoptosis. Conclusion Our results demonstrate significant synergistic effects on induction of apoptosis in UC cells by the combination treatment with JQ1 and Romidepsin, but only minor effects in benign cells. Thus, this study established a promising new small-molecule combination therapy approach for UC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-017-0434-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Hölscher
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfgang A Schulz
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Maria Pinkerneil
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Günter Niegisch
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Michèle J Hoffmann
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
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234
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Zhang J, Zhou W, Wang X, Wang L. The CRISPR-Cas9 system: a promising tool for discovering potential approaches to overcome drug resistance in cancer. RSC Adv 2018; 8:33464-33472. [PMID: 35548117 PMCID: PMC9086466 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04509g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The CRISPR-Cas system was identified in bacteria as an immune defense mechanism against threats from the external environment. A common form of this system, called CRISPR-Cas9, is now widely used in gene editing, especially in mammalian cells. Through CRISPR-Cas9, gene knock-ins or knock-outs have become more feasible, thus deepening our understanding of the mechanisms of human diseases, including cancers, and suggesting possible treatment strategies. In this review, we discuss how CRISPR-Cas9 can be used as a tool to discover more about drug-resistance in cancers, including both the underlying mechanisms and ways to overcome them. The CRISPR-Cas system was identified in bacteria as an immune defense mechanism against threats from the external environment.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang
- PR China
| | - Wenlong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang
- PR China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang
- PR China
| | - Lihui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang
- PR China
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235
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Abstract
Our understanding of the epigenetic changes occurring in gastrointestinal cancers has gained tremendous advancements in recent years, and some epigenetic biomarkers are already translated into the clinics for cancer diagnostics. In parallel, pharmacoepigenetics and pharmacoepigenomics of solid tumors are relevant novel, but emerging and promising fields. Areas covered: A comprehensive review of the literature to summarize and update the emerging field of pharmacoepigenetics and pharmacoepigenomics of gastrointestinal cancers. Expert commentary: Several epigenetic modifications have been proposed to account for interindividual variations in drug response in gastrointestinal cancers. Similarly, single-agent or combined strategies with high doses of drugs that target epigenetic modifications (epi-drugs) were scarcely tolerated by the patients, and current research has moved to their combination with standard therapies to achieve chemosensitization, radiosensitization, and immune modulation of cancerous cells. In parallel, recent genome-wide technologies are revealing the pathways that are epigenetically deregulated during cancer-acquired resistance, including those targeted by non-coding RNAs. Indeed, novel, less toxic, and more specific molecules are under investigation to specifically target those pathways. The field is rapidly expanding and gathering together information coming from these investigations has the potential to lead to clinical applications in the coming new years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Lopomo
- a Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Laboratory of Medical Genetics , University of Pisa, Medical School , Pisa , Italy
| | - Fabio Coppedè
- a Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Laboratory of Medical Genetics , University of Pisa, Medical School , Pisa , Italy
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236
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Stathis A, Bertoni F. BET Proteins as Targets for Anticancer Treatment. Cancer Discov 2017; 8:24-36. [PMID: 29263030 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-0605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Istituto Oncologico di Ricerca, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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237
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Gendarme M, Baumann J, Ignashkova TI, Lindemann RK, Reiling JH. Image-based drug screen identifies HDAC inhibitors as novel Golgi disruptors synergizing with JQ1. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:3756-3772. [PMID: 29074567 PMCID: PMC5739293 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-03-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus is increasingly recognized as a major hub for cellular signaling and is involved in numerous pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. The study of Golgi stress-induced signaling pathways relies on the selectivity of the available tool compounds of which currently only a few are known. To discover novel Golgi-fragmenting agents, transcriptomic profiles of cells treated with brefeldin A, golgicide A, or monensin were generated and compared with a database of gene expression profiles from cells treated with other bioactive small molecules. In parallel, a phenotypic screen was performed for compounds that alter normal Golgi structure. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors and DNA-damaging agents were identified as novel Golgi disruptors. Further analysis identified HDAC1/HDAC9 as well as BRD8 and DNA-PK as important regulators of Golgi breakdown mediated by HDAC inhibition. We provide evidence that combinatorial HDACi/(+)-JQ1 treatment spurs synergistic Golgi dispersal in several cancer cell lines, pinpointing a possible link between drug-induced toxicity and Golgi morphology alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Baumann
- BioMed X Innovation Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Ralph K Lindemann
- Translational Innovation Platform Oncology, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jan H Reiling
- BioMed X Innovation Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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238
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite better knowledge of its genetic basis, pancreatic cancer is still highly lethal with very few therapeutic options. In this review, we discuss the potential impact of epigenetic therapies, focusing on lysine methylation signaling and its implication in pancreatic cancer. RECENT FINDINGS Protein lysine methylation, a key mechanism of posttranslational modifications of histone proteins, has emerged as a major cell signaling mechanism regulating physiologic and pathologic processes including cancer. This finely tuned and dynamic signaling mechanism is regulated by lysine methyltransferases (KMT), lysine demethylases (KDM) and signal transducers harboring methyl-binding domains. Recent evidence demonstrates that overexpression of cytoplasmic KMT and resulting enhanced lysine methylation is a reversible event that enhances oncogenic signaling through the Ras and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases pathway in pancreatic cancer, opening perspectives for new anticancer chemotherapeutics aimed at controlling these activities. SUMMARY The development of potent and specific inhibitors of lysine methylation signaling may represent a hitherto largely unexplored avenue for new forms of targeted therapy in cancer, with great potential for yet hard-to-treat cancers such as pancreatic cancer.
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239
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Trajkovic-Arsic M, Heid I, Steiger K, Gupta A, Fingerle A, Wörner C, Teichmann N, Sengkwawoh-Lueong S, Wenzel P, Beer AJ, Esposito I, Braren R, Siveke JT. Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) predicts therapy response in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17038. [PMID: 29213099 PMCID: PMC5719052 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16826-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in molecular subtyping of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) support individualization of therapeutic strategies in this most aggressive disease. With the emergence of various novel therapeutic strategies and neoadjuvant approaches in this quickly deteriorating disease, robust approaches for fast evaluation of therapy response are urgently needed. To this aim, we designed a preclinical imaging-guided therapy trial where genetically engineered mice harboring endogenous aggressive PDAC were treated with the MEK targeting drug refametinib, which induces rapid and profound tumor regression in this model system. Multi-parametric non-invasive imaging was used for therapy response monitoring. A significant increase in the Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging derived Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) was noted already 24 hours after treatment onset. Histopathological analyses showed increased apoptosis and matrix remodeling at this time point. Our findings suggest the ADC parameter as an early predictor of therapy response in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Trajkovic-Arsic
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - I Heid
- Institute of Radiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - K Steiger
- Institute of Pathology, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - A Gupta
- 2. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - A Fingerle
- Institute of Radiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - C Wörner
- Institute of Radiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - N Teichmann
- 2. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - S Sengkwawoh-Lueong
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Wenzel
- 2. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - A J Beer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - I Esposito
- Institute of Pathology, University Clinic Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - R Braren
- Institute of Radiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - J T Siveke
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- 2. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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240
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Gerken PA, Wolstenhulme JR, Tumber A, Hatch SB, Zhang Y, Müller S, Chandler SA, Mair B, Li F, Nijman SMB, Konietzny R, Szommer T, Yapp C, Fedorov O, Benesch JLP, Vedadi M, Kessler BM, Kawamura A, Brennan PE, Smith MD. Discovery of a Highly Selective Cell-Active Inhibitor of the Histone Lysine Demethylases KDM2/7. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:15555-15559. [PMID: 28976073 PMCID: PMC5725665 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) are of critical importance in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression, yet there are few selective, cell-permeable inhibitors or suitable tool compounds for these enzymes. We describe the discovery of a new class of inhibitor that is highly potent towards the histone lysine demethylases KDM2A/7A. A modular synthetic approach was used to explore the chemical space and accelerate the investigation of key structure-activity relationships, leading to the development of a small molecule with around 75-fold selectivity towards KDM2A/7A versus other KDMs, as well as cellular activity at low micromolar concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A. Gerken
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | | | - Anthony Tumber
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery InstituteNuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordRoosevelt DriveOxfordOX3 7DQUK
| | - Stephanie B. Hatch
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery InstituteNuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordRoosevelt DriveOxfordOX3 7DQUK
| | - Yijia Zhang
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Susanne Müller
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery InstituteNuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordRoosevelt DriveOxfordOX3 7DQUK
| | - Shane A. Chandler
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Barbara Mair
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery InstituteNuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordRoosevelt DriveOxfordOX3 7DQUK
| | - Fengling Li
- Structural Genomics ConsortiumUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioM5G 1L7Canada
| | - Sebastian M. B. Nijman
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery InstituteNuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordRoosevelt DriveOxfordOX3 7DQUK
| | - Rebecca Konietzny
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery InstituteNuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordRoosevelt DriveOxfordOX3 7DQUK
| | - Tamas Szommer
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery InstituteNuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordRoosevelt DriveOxfordOX3 7DQUK
| | - Clarence Yapp
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery InstituteNuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordRoosevelt DriveOxfordOX3 7DQUK
| | - Oleg Fedorov
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery InstituteNuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordRoosevelt DriveOxfordOX3 7DQUK
| | - Justin L. P. Benesch
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Masoud Vedadi
- Structural Genomics ConsortiumUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioM5G 1L7Canada
| | - Benedikt M. Kessler
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery InstituteNuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordRoosevelt DriveOxfordOX3 7DQUK
| | - Akane Kawamura
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Paul E. Brennan
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery InstituteNuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordRoosevelt DriveOxfordOX3 7DQUK
| | - Martin D. Smith
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
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241
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Gerken PA, Wolstenhulme JR, Tumber A, Hatch SB, Zhang Y, Müller S, Chandler SA, Mair B, Li F, Nijman SMB, Konietzny R, Szommer T, Yapp C, Fedorov O, Benesch JLP, Vedadi M, Kessler BM, Kawamura A, Brennan PE, Smith MD. Discovery of a Highly Selective Cell-Active Inhibitor of the Histone Lysine Demethylases KDM2/7. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201706788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip A. Gerken
- Chemistry Research Laboratory; University of Oxford; 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Jamie R. Wolstenhulme
- Chemistry Research Laboratory; University of Oxford; 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Anthony Tumber
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute; Nuffield Department of Medicine; University of Oxford; Roosevelt Drive Oxford OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Stephanie B. Hatch
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute; Nuffield Department of Medicine; University of Oxford; Roosevelt Drive Oxford OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Yijia Zhang
- Chemistry Research Laboratory; University of Oxford; 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Susanne Müller
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute; Nuffield Department of Medicine; University of Oxford; Roosevelt Drive Oxford OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Shane A. Chandler
- Chemistry Research Laboratory; University of Oxford; 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Barbara Mair
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute; Nuffield Department of Medicine; University of Oxford; Roosevelt Drive Oxford OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Fengling Li
- Structural Genomics Consortium; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario M5G 1L7 Canada
| | - Sebastian M. B. Nijman
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute; Nuffield Department of Medicine; University of Oxford; Roosevelt Drive Oxford OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Rebecca Konietzny
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute; Nuffield Department of Medicine; University of Oxford; Roosevelt Drive Oxford OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Tamas Szommer
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute; Nuffield Department of Medicine; University of Oxford; Roosevelt Drive Oxford OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Clarence Yapp
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute; Nuffield Department of Medicine; University of Oxford; Roosevelt Drive Oxford OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Oleg Fedorov
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute; Nuffield Department of Medicine; University of Oxford; Roosevelt Drive Oxford OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Justin L. P. Benesch
- Chemistry Research Laboratory; University of Oxford; 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Masoud Vedadi
- Structural Genomics Consortium; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario M5G 1L7 Canada
| | - Benedikt M. Kessler
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute; Nuffield Department of Medicine; University of Oxford; Roosevelt Drive Oxford OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Akane Kawamura
- Chemistry Research Laboratory; University of Oxford; 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Paul E. Brennan
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute; Nuffield Department of Medicine; University of Oxford; Roosevelt Drive Oxford OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Martin D. Smith
- Chemistry Research Laboratory; University of Oxford; 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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242
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Mishra VK, Wegwitz F, Kosinsky RL, Sen M, Baumgartner R, Wulff T, Siveke JT, Schildhaus HU, Najafova Z, Kari V, Kohlhof H, Hessmann E, Johnsen SA. Histone deacetylase class-I inhibition promotes epithelial gene expression in pancreatic cancer cells in a BRD4- and MYC-dependent manner. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:6334-6349. [PMID: 28369619 PMCID: PMC5499659 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive cancer with a particularly dismal prognosis. Histone deacetylases (HDAC) are epigenetic modulators whose activity is frequently deregulated in various cancers including PDAC. In particular, class-I HDACs (HDAC 1, 2, 3 and 8) have been shown to play an important role in PDAC. In this study, we investigated the effects of the class I-specific HDAC inhibitor (HDACi) 4SC-202 in multiple PDAC cell lines in promoting tumor cell differentiation. We show that 4SC-202 negatively affects TGFβ signaling and inhibits TGFβ-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, 4SC-202 markedly induced p21 (CDKN1A) expression and significantly attenuated cell proliferation. Mechanistically, genome-wide studies revealed that 4SC-202-induced genes were enriched for Bromodomain-containing Protein-4 (BRD4) and MYC occupancy. BRD4, a well-characterized acetyllysine reader, has been shown to play a major role in regulating transcription of selected subsets of genes. Importantly, BRD4 and MYC are essential for the expression of a subgroup of genes induced by class-I HDACi. Taken together, our study uncovers a previously unknown role of BRD4 and MYC in eliciting the HDACi-mediated induction of a subset of genes and provides molecular insight into the mechanisms of HDACi action in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Mishra
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University Medical Center Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Florian Wegwitz
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University Medical Center Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Robyn Laura Kosinsky
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University Medical Center Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Madhobi Sen
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University Medical Center Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Tanja Wulff
- 4SC AG, Am Klopferspitz 19a, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jens T Siveke
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Schildhaus
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zeynab Najafova
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University Medical Center Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vijayalakshmi Kari
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University Medical Center Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hella Kohlhof
- 4SC AG, Am Klopferspitz 19a, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Hessmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Steven A Johnsen
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University Medical Center Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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243
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Brooks J, Fleischmann-Mundt B, Woller N, Niemann J, Ribback S, Peters K, Demir IE, Armbrecht N, Ceyhan GO, Manns MP, Wirth TC, Kubicka S, Bernhardt G, Smyth MJ, Calvisi DF, Gürlevik E, Kühnel F. Perioperative, Spatiotemporally Coordinated Activation of T and NK Cells Prevents Recurrence of Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Res 2017; 78:475-488. [PMID: 29180478 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal and disseminating cancer resistant to therapy, including checkpoint immunotherapies, and early tumor resection and (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy fails to improve a poor prognosis. In a transgenic mouse model of resectable PDAC, we investigated the coordinated activation of T and natural killier (NK) cells in addition to gemcitabine chemotherapy to prevent tumor recurrence. Only neoadjuvant, but not adjuvant treatment with a PD-1 antagonist effectively supported chemotherapy and suppressed local tumor recurrence and improved survival involving both NK and T cells. Local T-cell activation was confirmed by increased tumor infiltration with CD103+CD8+ T cells and neoantigen-specific CD8 T lymphocytes against the marker neoepitope LAMA4-G1254V. To achieve effective prevention of distant metastases in a complementary approach, we blocked the NK-cell checkpoint CD96, an inhibitory NK-cell receptor that binds CD155, which was abundantly expressed in primary PDAC and metastases of human patients. In gemcitabine-treated mice, neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade followed by adjuvant inhibition of CD96 significantly prevented relapse of PDAC, allowing for long-term survival. In summary, our results show in an aggressively growing transgenic mouse model of PDAC that the coordinated activation of both innate and adaptive immunity can effectively reduce the risk of tumor recurrence after surgery, facilitating long-term remission of this lethal disease.Significance: Coordinated neoadjuvant and adjuvant immunotherapies reduce the risk of disease relapse after resection of murine PDAC, suggesting this concept for future clinical trials. Cancer Res; 78(2); 475-88. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Brooks
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bettina Fleischmann-Mundt
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Norman Woller
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Niemann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Silvia Ribback
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kristin Peters
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ihsan Ekin Demir
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Nina Armbrecht
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Guralp O Ceyhan
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael P Manns
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas C Wirth
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Kubicka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Cancer Center Reutlingen, District Hospital, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Gunter Bernhardt
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mark J Smyth
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Diego F Calvisi
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Engin Gürlevik
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian Kühnel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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244
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Farrell AS, Joly MM, Allen-Petersen BL, Worth PJ, Lanciault C, Sauer D, Link J, Pelz C, Heiser LM, Morton JP, Muthalagu N, Hoffman MT, Manning SL, Pratt ED, Kendsersky ND, Egbukichi N, Amery TS, Thoma MC, Jenny ZP, Rhim AD, Murphy DJ, Sansom OJ, Crawford HC, Sheppard BC, Sears RC. MYC regulates ductal-neuroendocrine lineage plasticity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma associated with poor outcome and chemoresistance. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1728. [PMID: 29170413 PMCID: PMC5701042 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01967-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intratumoral phenotypic heterogeneity has been described in many tumor types, where it can contribute to drug resistance and disease recurrence. We analyzed ductal and neuroendocrine markers in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, revealing heterogeneous expression of the neuroendocrine marker Synaptophysin within ductal lesions. Higher percentages of Cytokeratin-Synaptophysin dual positive tumor cells correlate with shortened disease-free survival. We observe similar lineage marker heterogeneity in mouse models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, where lineage tracing indicates that Cytokeratin-Synaptophysin dual positive cells arise from the exocrine compartment. Mechanistically, MYC binding is enriched at neuroendocrine genes in mouse tumor cells and loss of MYC reduces ductal-neuroendocrine lineage heterogeneity, while deregulated MYC expression in KRAS mutant mice increases this phenotype. Neuroendocrine marker expression is associated with chemoresistance and reducing MYC levels decreases gemcitabine-induced neuroendocrine marker expression and increases chemosensitivity. Altogether, we demonstrate that MYC facilitates ductal-neuroendocrine lineage plasticity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, contributing to poor survival and chemoresistance.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/pathology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Lineage
- Deoxycytidine/analogs & derivatives
- Deoxycytidine/therapeutic use
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Heterografts
- Humans
- Keratins/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Neuroendocrine Cells/metabolism
- Neuroendocrine Cells/pathology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Prognosis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism
- Synaptophysin/metabolism
- Gemcitabine
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy S Farrell
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Meghan Morrison Joly
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Brittany L Allen-Petersen
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Patrick J Worth
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Christian Lanciault
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - David Sauer
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Jason Link
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Carl Pelz
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Computational Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Laura M Heiser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Nathiya Muthalagu
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Megan T Hoffman
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, 7744 MS II, 1137 E. Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sara L Manning
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and Zayed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1466, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Erica D Pratt
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and Zayed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1466, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Nicholas D Kendsersky
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Nkolika Egbukichi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Taylor S Amery
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Mary C Thoma
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Zina P Jenny
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Andrew D Rhim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and Zayed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1466, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Daniel J Murphy
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Howard C Crawford
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, 7744 MS II, 1137 E. Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Brett C Sheppard
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Rosalie C Sears
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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245
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Chen J, Sun Y, Xu X, Wang D, He J, Zhou H, Lu Y, Zeng J, Du F, Gong A, Xu M. YTH domain family 2 orchestrates epithelial-mesenchymal transition/proliferation dichotomy in pancreatic cancer cells. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:2259-2271. [PMID: 29135329 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1380125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies show that YTH domain family 2 (YTHDF2) preferentially binds to m6A-containing mRNA regulates localization and stability of the bound mRNA. However, the role of YTHDF2 in pancreatic cancers remains to be elucidated. Here, we find that YTHDF2 expression is up-regulated in pancreatic cancer tissues compared with normal tissues at both mRNA and protein levels, and is higher in clinical patients with later stages of pancreatic cancer, indicating that YTHDF2 possesses potential clinical significance for diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatic cancers. Furthermore, we find that YTHDF2 orchestrates two cellular processes: promotes proliferation and inhibits migration and invasion in pancreatic cancer cells, a phenomenon called "migration-proliferation dichotomy", as well as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in pancreatic cancer cells. Furthermore, YTHDF2 knockdown significantly increases the total YAP expression, but inhibits TGF-β/Smad signaling, indicating that YTHDF2 regulates EMT probably via YAP signaling. In summary, all these findings suggest that YTHDF2 may be a new predictive biomarker of development of pancreatic cancer, but a serious consideration is needed to treat YTHDF2 as a target for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixiang Chen
- a Department of General Surgery , Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu , China
| | - Yaocheng Sun
- a Department of General Surgery , Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu , China
| | - Xiao Xu
- b Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine , Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu , China
| | - Dawei Wang
- c Department of Gastroenterology , Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu , China
| | - Junbo He
- c Department of Gastroenterology , Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu , China
| | - Hailang Zhou
- c Department of Gastroenterology , Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu , China
| | - Ying Lu
- c Department of Gastroenterology , Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu , China
| | - Jian Zeng
- b Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine , Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu , China
| | - Fengyi Du
- b Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine , Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu , China
| | - Aihua Gong
- b Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine , Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu , China
| | - Min Xu
- c Department of Gastroenterology , Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu , China
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246
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Zhang HP, Li GQ, Guo WZ, Chen GH, Tang HW, Yan B, Li J, Zhang JK, Wen PH, Wang ZH, Lv JF, Zhang SJ. Oridonin synergistically enhances JQ1-triggered apoptosis in hepatocellular cancer cells through mitochondrial pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:106833-106843. [PMID: 29290992 PMCID: PMC5739777 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal Domain (BET) inhibitors, such as JQ1 have emerged as novel drug candidates and are being enthusiastically pursued in clinical trials for the treatment of cancer. However, many solid cancers are resistance to BET inhibitors. To explore methods for improving the therapeutic potential of BET inhibitors, we investigated the combinational activity of JQ1 with Oridonin, a bioactive molecules derived from Traditional Chinese Medicine in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Our results showed that Oridonin synergistically enhanced the abilities of JQ1 to inhibit cell viability in HCC cells and, significantly augmented JQ1-triggered apoptosis in HCC cells and in HCC cancer stem-like cells. Moreover, Oridonin dose-dependently inhibited the expression of several anti-apoptotic proteins, such as Bcl-2, Mcl-1, and x-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (xIAP) in HCC cells. Cell fractionation and western blotting analysis showed that the enhancement of apoptosis by Oridonin was associated with cytochrome c release, activation of caspase-9, -3 and cleavage of PARP, indicating the activation of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that Oridonin may be used to effectively enhance the sensitivity of BET inhibitors in HCC therapy via downregulation of the expression of multiple anti-apoptotic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Peng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Gong-Quan Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wen-Zhi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guang-Hui Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hong-Wei Tang
- Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jia-Kai Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Pei-Hao Wen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jian-Feng Lv
- Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shui-Jun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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247
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Bhattacharyya S, Pradhan K, Campbell N, Mazdo J, Vasantkumar A, Maqbool S, Bhagat TD, Gupta S, Suzuki M, Yu Y, Greally JM, Steidl U, Bradner J, Dawlaty M, Godley L, Maitra A, Verma A. Altered hydroxymethylation is seen at regulatory regions in pancreatic cancer and regulates oncogenic pathways. Genome Res 2017; 27:1830-1842. [PMID: 28986391 PMCID: PMC5668941 DOI: 10.1101/gr.222794.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional deregulation of oncogenic pathways is a hallmark of cancer and can be due to epigenetic alterations. 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) is an epigenetic modification that has not been studied in pancreatic cancer. Genome-wide analysis of 5-hmC-enriched loci with hmC-seal was conducted in a cohort of low-passage pancreatic cancer cell lines, primary patient-derived xenografts, and pancreatic controls and revealed strikingly altered patterns in neoplastic tissues. Differentially hydroxymethylated regions preferentially affected known regulatory regions of the genome, specifically overlapping with known H3K4me1 enhancers. Furthermore, base pair resolution analysis of cytosine methylation and hydroxymethylation with oxidative bisulfite sequencing was conducted and correlated with chromatin accessibility by ATAC-seq and gene expression by RNA-seq in pancreatic cancer and control samples. 5-hmC was specifically enriched at open regions of chromatin, and gain of 5-hmC was correlated with up-regulation of the cognate transcripts, including many oncogenic pathways implicated in pancreatic neoplasia, such as MYC, KRAS, VEGFA, and BRD4 Specifically, BRD4 was overexpressed and acquired 5-hmC at enhancer regions in the majority of neoplastic samples. Functionally, acquisition of 5-hmC at BRD4 promoter was associated with increase in transcript expression in reporter assays and primary samples. Furthermore, blockade of BRD4 inhibited pancreatic cancer growth in vivo. In summary, redistribution of 5-hmC and preferential enrichment at oncogenic enhancers is a novel regulatory mechanism in human pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchari Bhattacharyya
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Kith Pradhan
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | | | - Jozef Mazdo
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Aparna Vasantkumar
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Shahina Maqbool
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Tushar D Bhagat
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Sonal Gupta
- Departments of Pathology and Translational Molecular Pathology, Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Masako Suzuki
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Yiting Yu
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - John M Greally
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Ulrich Steidl
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - James Bradner
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Meelad Dawlaty
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Lucy Godley
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Departments of Pathology and Translational Molecular Pathology, Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Amit Verma
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
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248
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Keap1 loss promotes Kras-driven lung cancer and results in dependence on glutaminolysis. Nat Med 2017; 23:1362-1368. [PMID: 28967920 PMCID: PMC5677540 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 437] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Treating KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains a major challenge in cancer treatment given the difficulties associated with directly inhibiting the KRAS oncoprotein. One approach to addressing this challenge is to define mutations that frequently co-occur with those in KRAS, which themselves may lead to therapeutic vulnerabilities in tumors. Approximately 20% of KRAS-mutant LUAD tumors carry loss-of-function mutations in the KEAP1 gene encoding Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (refs. 2, 3, 4), a negative regulator of nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (NFE2L2; hereafter NRF2), which is the master transcriptional regulator of the endogenous antioxidant response. The high frequency of mutations in KEAP1 suggests an important role for the oxidative stress response in lung tumorigenesis. Using a CRISPR-Cas9-based approach in a mouse model of KRAS-driven LUAD, we examined the effects of Keap1 loss in lung cancer progression. We show that loss of Keap1 hyperactivates NRF2 and promotes KRAS-driven LUAD in mice. Through a combination of CRISPR-Cas9-based genetic screening and metabolomic analyses, we show that Keap1- or Nrf2-mutant cancers are dependent on increased glutaminolysis, and this property can be therapeutically exploited through the pharmacological inhibition of glutaminase. Finally, we provide a rationale for stratification of human patients with lung cancer harboring KRAS/KEAP1- or KRAS/NRF2-mutant lung tumors as likely to respond to glutaminase inhibition.
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249
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Cioffi M, Trabulo SM, Vallespinos M, Raj D, Kheir TB, Lin ML, Begum J, Baker AM, Amgheib A, Saif J, Perez M, Soriano J, Desco M, Gomez-Gaviro MV, Cusso L, Megias D, Aicher A, Heeschen C. The miR-25-93-106b cluster regulates tumor metastasis and immune evasion via modulation of CXCL12 and PD-L1. Oncotarget 2017; 8:21609-21625. [PMID: 28423491 PMCID: PMC5400610 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The stromal microenvironment controls response to injury and inflammation, and is also an important determinant of cancer cell behavior. However, our understanding of its modulation by miRNA (miR) and their respective targets is still sparse. Here, we identified the miR-25-93-106b cluster and two new target genes as critical drivers for metastasis and immune evasion of cancer cells. Using miR-25-93-106b knockout mice or antagomiRs, we demonstrated regulation of the production of the chemoattractant CXCL12 controlling bone marrow metastasis. Moreover, we identified the immune checkpoint PD-L1 (CD274) as a novel miR-93/106b target playing a central role in diminishing tumor immunity. Eventually, upregulation of miR-93 and miR-106b via miR-mimics or treatment with an epigenetic reader domain (BET) inhibitor resulted in diminished expression of CXCL12 and PD-L1. These data suggest a potential new therapeutic rationale for use of BET inhibitors for dual targeting of cancers with strong immunosuppressive and metastatic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Cioffi
- Stem Cells & Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara M Trabulo
- Stem Cells & Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.,Stem Cells in Cancer & Ageing, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Mireia Vallespinos
- Stem Cells & Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Deepak Raj
- Stem Cells in Cancer & Ageing, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Tony Bou Kheir
- Stem Cells in Cancer & Ageing, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Meng-Lay Lin
- Stem Cells in Cancer & Ageing, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Julfa Begum
- Stem Cells in Cancer & Ageing, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ann-Marie Baker
- Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ala Amgheib
- Stem Cells in Cancer & Ageing, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jaimy Saif
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Manuel Perez
- Confocal Microscopy Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Spain
| | - Joaquim Soriano
- Confocal Microscopy Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Spain
| | - Manuel Desco
- Departamento de Ingenieria Biomedica e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Victoria Gomez-Gaviro
- Departamento de Ingenieria Biomedica e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Cusso
- Departamento de Ingenieria Biomedica e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Megias
- Confocal Microscopy Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Spain
| | - Alexandra Aicher
- Stem Cells & Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.,Stem Cells in Cancer & Ageing, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Christopher Heeschen
- Stem Cells & Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.,Stem Cells in Cancer & Ageing, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Bian B, Bigonnet M, Gayet O, Loncle C, Maignan A, Gilabert M, Moutardier V, Garcia S, Turrini O, Delpero JR, Giovannini M, Grandval P, Gasmi M, Ouaissi M, Secq V, Poizat F, Nicolle R, Blum Y, Marisa L, Rubis M, Raoul JL, Bradner JE, Qi J, Lomberk G, Urrutia R, Saul A, Dusetti N, Iovanna J. Gene expression profiling of patient-derived pancreatic cancer xenografts predicts sensitivity to the BET bromodomain inhibitor JQ1: implications for individualized medicine efforts. EMBO Mol Med 2017; 9:482-497. [PMID: 28275007 PMCID: PMC5376755 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201606975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
c-MYC controls more than 15% of genes responsible for proliferation, differentiation, and cellular metabolism in pancreatic as well as other cancers making this transcription factor a prime target for treating patients. The transcriptome of 55 patient-derived xenografts show that 30% of them share an exacerbated expression profile of MYC transcriptional targets (MYC-high). This cohort is characterized by a high level of Ki67 staining, a lower differentiation state, and a shorter survival time compared to the MYC-low subgroup. To define classifier expression signature, we selected a group of 10 MYC target transcripts which expression is increased in the MYC-high group and six transcripts increased in the MYC-low group. We validated the ability of these markers panel to identify MYC-high patient-derived xenografts from both: discovery and validation cohorts as well as primary cell cultures from the same patients. We then showed that cells from MYC-high patients are more sensitive to JQ1 treatment compared to MYC-low cells, in monolayer, 3D cultured spheroids and in vivo xenografted tumors, due to cell cycle arrest followed by apoptosis. Therefore, these results provide new markers and potentially novel therapeutic modalities for distinct subgroups of pancreatic tumors and may find application to the future management of these patients within the setting of individualized medicine clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bian
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Martin Bigonnet
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Odile Gayet
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Celine Loncle
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Aurélie Maignan
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Marine Gilabert
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Moutardier
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.,Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France.,CIC1409, AP-HM-Hôpital Nord, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Stephane Garcia
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.,Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Turrini
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.,Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | - Mohamed Gasmi
- Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France.,CIC1409, AP-HM-Hôpital Nord, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | - Rémy Nicolle
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT), Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Yuna Blum
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT), Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Marisa
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT), Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Marion Rubis
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | | | - James E Bradner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jun Qi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gwen Lomberk
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Raul Urrutia
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andres Saul
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille-CNRS UMR 7325, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Nelson Dusetti
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Juan Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
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