201
|
Adebayo Michael AO, Ahsan N, Zabala V, Francois-Vaughan H, Post S, Brilliant KE, Salomon AR, Sanders JA, Gruppuso PA. Proteomic analysis of laser capture microdissected focal lesions in a rat model of progenitor marker-positive hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:26041-26056. [PMID: 28199961 PMCID: PMC5432236 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have shown previously that rapamycin, the canonical inhibitor of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1, markedly inhibits the growth of focal lesions in the resistant hepatocyte (Solt-Farber) model of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the rat. In the present study, we characterized the proteome of persistent, pre-neoplastic focal lesions in this model. One group was administered rapamycin by subcutaneous pellet for 3 weeks following partial hepatectomy and euthanized 4 weeks after the cessation of rapamycin. A second group received placebo pellets. Results were compared to unmanipulated control animals and to animals that underwent an incomplete Solt-Farber protocol to activate hepatic progenitor cells. Regions of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue were obtained by laser capture microdissection (LCM). Proteomic analysis yielded 11,070 unique peptides representing 2,227 proteins. Quantitation of the peptides showed increased abundance of known HCC markers (e.g., glutathione S-transferase-P, epoxide hydrolase, 6 others) and potential markers (e.g., aflatoxin aldehyde reductase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 10 others) in foci from placebo-treated and rapamycin-treated rats. Peptides derived from cytochrome P450 enzymes were generally reduced. Comparisons of the rapamycin samples to normal liver and to the progenitor cell model indicated that rapamycin attenuated a loss of differentiation relative to placebo. We conclude that early administration of rapamycin in the Solt-Farber model not only inhibits the growth of pre-neoplastic foci but also attenuates the loss of differentiated function. In addition, we have demonstrated that the combination of LCM and mass spectrometry-based proteomics is an effective approach to characterize focal liver lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adeola O Adebayo Michael
- Department of Pediatrics, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Current address: Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nagib Ahsan
- Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Center for Cancer Research Development, Proteomics Core Facility, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Valerie Zabala
- Department of Pediatrics, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Stephanie Post
- Department of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kate E Brilliant
- Center for Cancer Research Development, Proteomics Core Facility, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Arthur R Salomon
- Center for Cancer Research Development, Proteomics Core Facility, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jennifer A Sanders
- Department of Pediatrics, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Philip A Gruppuso
- Department of Pediatrics, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
202
|
Whole-exome sequencing reveals the origin and evolution of hepato-cholangiocarcinoma. Nat Commun 2018; 9:894. [PMID: 29497050 PMCID: PMC5832792 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03276-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (H-ChC) is a rare subtype of liver cancer with clinicopathological features of both hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). To date, molecular mechanisms underlying the co-existence of HCC and iCCA components in a single tumor remain elusive. Here, we show that H-ChC samples contain substantial private mutations from WES analyses, ranging from 33.1 to 86.4%, indicative of substantive intratumor heterogeneity (ITH). However, on the other hand, numerous ubiquitous mutations shared by HCC and iCCA suggest the monoclonal origin of H-ChC. Mutated genes identified herein, e.g., VCAN, ACVR2A, and FCGBP, are speculated to contribute to distinct differentiation of HCC and iCCA within H-ChC. Moreover, immunohistochemistry demonstrates that EpCAM is highly expressed in 80% of H-ChC, implying the stemness of such liver cancer. In summary, our data highlight the monoclonal origin and stemness of H-ChC, as well as substantial intratumoral heterogeneity. Hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (H-ChC) is a rare subtype of liver cancer with features of hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Here, the authors utilize whole exome sequencing to highlight the monoclonal origin and stemness of H-ChC, as well as substantial intratumoral heterogeneity.
Collapse
|
203
|
Premalignant alteration assessment in liver-like tissue derived from embryonic stem cells by aristolochic acid I exposure. Oncotarget 2018; 7:78872-78882. [PMID: 27713163 PMCID: PMC5346684 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro predictive evaluation of chemical carcinogenicity based on hepatic premalignance has so far not been established. Here, we report a novel approach to investigate the premalignant events triggered by human carcinogen aristolochic acid I (AAI) in the liver-like tissue derived from mouse embryonic stem cells. By AAI exposure, the liver-like tissue exhibited the paracrine interleukin-6 phenotypic characteristics. Hepatocytes expressed STAT3/p-STAT3, c-Myc and Lin28B in parallel. Some of them displayed the dedifferentiation characteristics, such as full of α-fetoprotein granules, increase in size, and nucleocytoplasmic shuttle of Oct4. When these cells were injected into mice, the xenografts mostly displayed the uniform area of hepatic-like tissue with malignant nuclei. The hepatic malignant markers, α-fetoprotein, cytokeratin 7 and cytokeratin 19, were co-expressed in albumin-positive areas, respectively. In conclusion, we established an approach to predict the hepatic premalignance triggered by carcinogen AAI. This premalignant assay system might aid to evaluate the effects of potential carcinogens in liver, and probably to screen the protecting against hepatocarcinogenic efficacy of pharmaceuticals in vitro.
Collapse
|
204
|
Luo H, Liu WH, Liang HY, Yan HT, Lin N, Li DY, Wang T, Tang LJ. Differentiation-inducing therapeutic effect of Notch inhibition in reversing malignant transformation of liver normal stem cells via MET. Oncotarget 2018; 9:18885-18895. [PMID: 29721169 PMCID: PMC5922363 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) are the key factors for cancer metastasis, recurrent, and drug resistance. LCSCs are originated from either hepatocytes dedifferentiation or differentiation arresting of liver normal stem cells (LNSCs). Differentiation-inducing therapy is a novel strategy in solid tumors. Furthermore, Notch signaling pathway has been proved to play important role in the process of hepatocytes differentiation. In previous study, a malignant transformation cellular model of LNSCs has been built up, and in this study we are trying to illustrate whether inhibition of Notch can reverse this malignant tendency and drive these malignant cells back to differentiate into mature hepatocytes. Results Inhibition of Notch signaling pathway can down-regulate the stemness-related cancer markers, lower the proliferative status, alleviate the invasive characteristic, or attenuate the metastasis tendency. What is more, it can help the malignantly transformed cells to regain the mature hepatic function of glucagon synthesis, urea metabolism, albumin production, and indocyanine-green (ICG) clearance. Materials and Methods HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) expression was enhanced in LNSCs via lentivirus transduction to set up the malignant transformation cellular model. Then, a Notch inhibitor was applied to induce malignantly transformed cells differentiate into mature hepatocytes, and malignant abilities of proliferation, invasiveness, tumorigenesis as well as mature hepatocyte function were observed and compared. Conclusions The data demonstrate that the anti-tumor effects of Notch inhibition may lie not only on killing the cancer cells or LCSCs directly, it can also induce the LCSCs differentiation into mature hepatocytes via mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) progress or downgrade the malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Luo
- Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,General Surgery Center, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Wei-Hui Liu
- General Surgery Center, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Hong-Yin Liang
- General Surgery Center, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Hong-Tao Yan
- General Surgery Center, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Ning Lin
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Dong-Yu Li
- General Surgery Center, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Tao Wang
- General Surgery Center, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Li-Jun Tang
- Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,General Surgery Center, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu 610083, China
| |
Collapse
|
205
|
Ying H, Xu Z, Chen M, Zhou S, Liang X, Cai X. Overexpression of Zwint predicts poor prognosis and promotes the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating cell-cycle-related proteins. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:689-702. [PMID: 29440916 PMCID: PMC5800459 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s152138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Zwint, a centromere-complex component required for the mitotic spindle checkpoint, has been reported to be overexpressed in different human cancers, but it has not been studied in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials and methods The role of Zwint in hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation capacities was evaluated by using cell counting kit-8 (CCK8), flow cytometry, clone formation and tumor formation assay in nude mice. Western blot analysis and qPCR assay were performed to assess Zwint interacting with cell-cycle-related proteins. Results We report that ZWINT mRNA and protein expression were upregulated in HCC samples and cell lines. An independent set of 106 HCC-tissue pairs and corresponding noncancerous tissues was evaluated for Zwint expression using immunohistochemistry, and elevated Zwint expression in HCC tissues was significantly correlated with clinicopathological features, such as tumor size and number. Kaplan–Meier survival and Cox regression analysis revealed that high expression of Zwint was correlated with poor overall survival and a greater tendency for tumor recurrence. Ectopic expression of Zwint promoted HCC-cell proliferation, and Zwint expression affected the expression of several cell-cycle proteins, including PCNA, cyclin B1, Cdc25C and CDK1. Conclusion Our findings suggest that upregulation of Zwint may contribute to the progression of HCC and may be a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for treating HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanning Ying
- Department of General Surgery.,Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province
| | - Zhiyao Xu
- Central Lab of Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingming Chen
- Department of General Surgery.,Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province
| | - Senjun Zhou
- Department of General Surgery.,Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of General Surgery.,Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province
| | - Xiujun Cai
- Department of General Surgery.,Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province
| |
Collapse
|
206
|
Kitao A, Matsui O, Yoneda N, Kozaka K, Kobayashi S, Koda W, Minami T, Inoue D, Yoshida K, Yamashita T, Yamashita T, Kaneko S, Takamura H, Ohta T, Ikeda H, Sato Y, Nakanuma Y, Harada K, Kita R, Gabata T. Gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging reflects co-activation of β-catenin and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Res 2018; 48:205-216. [PMID: 28488786 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study is to clarify the correlation of the co-activation of β-catenin and hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)4α with the findings of gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP)1B3 expression, and histological findings in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS One hundred and ninety-six HCCs surgically resected from 174 patients were enrolled in this study. The HCCs were classified into four groups by immunohistochemical expression of β-catenin, glutamine synthetase (GS), and HNF4α: (i) β-catenin/GS (positive [+]) HNF4α (+); (ii) β-catenin/GS (+) HNF4α (negative [-]); (iii) β-catenin/GS (-) HNF4α (+); and (iv) β-catenin/GS (-) HNF4α (-). We compared the four groups in terms of the enhancement ratio on the hepatobiliary phase of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI, immunohistochemical organic anion transporter polypeptide (OATP)1B3 (a main uptake transporter of gadoxetic acid) expression and histological features, overall survival, and no recurrence survival. The Kruskal-Wallis test, Steel-Dwass multiple comparisons test, Fisher's exact test, and log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS Enhancement ratio on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI in HCC with β-catenin/GS (+) HNF4α (+) was significantly higher than those of the other three groups (P < 0.001). The OATP1B3 grade was also significantly higher in HCC with β-catenin/GS (+) HNF4α (+) (P < 0.001). Hepatocellular carcinoma with β-catenin/GS (+) HNF4α (+) showed the highest differentiation grade as compared to the other groups (P < 0.004). There were no significant differences in portal vein invasion, macroscopic growth pattern, or prognosis analyses between the four groups. CONCLUSION Co-activation of β-catenin and HNF4α would promote OATP1B3 expression, and consequently higher enhancement ratio on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI and higher differentiation grade in HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Kitao
- Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Osamu Matsui
- Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Norihide Yoneda
- Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kozaka
- Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Wataru Koda
- Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Minami
- Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Dai Inoue
- Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kotaro Yoshida
- Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Taro Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takamura
- Department of Gaetroenterologic Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ohta
- Department of Gaetroenterologic Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroko Ikeda
- Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yasunori Sato
- Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yasuni Nakanuma
- Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kenichi Harada
- Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Kita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Gabata
- Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
207
|
Ao L, Song X, Li X, Tong M, Guo Y, Li J, Li H, Cai H, Li M, Guan Q, Yan H, Guo Z. An individualized prognostic signature and multi‑omics distinction for early stage hepatocellular carcinoma patients with surgical resection. Oncotarget 2018; 7:24097-110. [PMID: 27006471 PMCID: PMC5029687 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously reported prognostic signatures for predicting the prognoses of postsurgical hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients are commonly based on predefined risk scores, which are hardly applicable to samples measured by different laboratories. To solve this problem, using gene expression profiles of 170 stage I/II HCC samples, we identified a prognostic signature consisting of 20 gene pairs whose within-sample relative expression orderings (REOs) could robustly predict the disease-free survival and overall survival of HCC patients. This REOs-based prognostic signature was validated in two independent datasets. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the patients with high-risk of recurrence were characterized by the activations of pathways related to cell proliferation and tumor microenvironment, whereas the low-risk patients were characterized by the activations of various metabolism pathways. We further investigated the distinct epigenomic and genomic characteristics of the two prognostic groups using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples with multi-omics data. Epigenetic analysis showed that the transcriptional differences between the two prognostic groups were significantly concordant with DNA methylation alternations. The signaling network analysis identified several key genes (e.g. TP53, MYC) with epigenomic or genomic alternations driving poor prognoses of HCC patients. These results help us understand the multi-omics mechanisms determining the outcomes of HCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Xuekun Song
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Mengsha Tong
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - You Guo
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Hongdong Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Hao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Qingzhou Guan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Haidan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Zheng Guo
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| |
Collapse
|
208
|
Increased liver carcinogenesis and enrichment of stem cell properties in livers of Dickkopf 2 (Dkk2) deleted mice. Oncotarget 2018; 7:28903-13. [PMID: 25826080 PMCID: PMC5045365 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dkk2 a antagonist of the Wnt/β-catenin-signaling pathway was shown to be silenced in diverse cancers. More recent data indicate that Dkk family members may also possess functions independent of Wnt-signaling during carcinogenesis. The detailed biological function of Dkks and its relevance for liver cancer is unknown. We analyzed the effects of a genetic deletion of Dkk2 (Dkk2−/−) in a hepatocarcinogenesis model using DEN/Phenobarbital. Untreated Dkk2−/− animals, showed considerable atypia with variation of hepatocyte size and chromatin density. In livers of Dkk2−/− mice nodule formation was seen at 9 months of age with focal loss of trabecular architecture and atypical hepatocytes and after DEN induction Dkk2−/− mice developed significantly more liver tumors compared to controls. Whole transcriptome analysis of untreated Dkk2−/− liver tissue revealed a Dkk2-dependent genetic network involving Wnt/β-Catenin but also multiple additional oncogenic factors, such as e.g. Pdgf-b, Gdf-15 and Hnf4a. Dkk2−/− tumor cells showed a significant deregulation of stemness genes associated with enhanced colony forming properties. Integration of the Dkk2−/− signature into human data was strongly associated with patients survival. Dkk2 deletion results in alterations of liver morphology leading to an increased frequency of liver cancer. The associated genetic changes included factors not primarily related to Wnt/β-Catenin-signaling and correlated with the clinical outcome of HCC-patients.
Collapse
|
209
|
Liu J, Dang H, Wang XW. The significance of intertumor and intratumor heterogeneity in liver cancer. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:e416. [PMID: 29303512 PMCID: PMC5992990 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic analyses of primary liver cancer samples reveal a complex mutational landscape with vast intertumor and intratumor heterogeneity. Different primary liver tumors and subclones within each tumor display striking molecular and biological variations. Consequently, tumor molecular heterogeneity contributes to drug resistance and tumor relapse following therapy, which poses a substantial obstruction to improving outcomes of patients with liver cancer. There is an urgent need to the compositional and functional understanding of tumor heterogeneity. In this review, we summarize genomic and non-genomic diversities, which include stemness and microenvironmental causes of the functional heterogeneity of the primary liver cancer ecosystem. We discuss the importance and intricacy of intratumor heterogeneity in the context of cancer cell evolution. We also discuss methodologies applicable to determine intratumor heterogeneity and highlight the best-fit patient-derived in vivo and in vitro models to recapture the functional heterogeneity of primary liver cancer with the aim to improve future therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Liu
- Liver Carcinogenesis Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hien Dang
- Liver Carcinogenesis Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xin Wei Wang
- Liver Carcinogenesis Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
210
|
Song BN, Chu IS. A gene expression signature of FOXM1 predicts the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:e418. [PMID: 29303511 PMCID: PMC5992987 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
FOXM1 (Forkhead box M1) is a key regulator of tumorigenesis. Previous studies demonstrated that FOXM1 overexpression was strongly correlated with poor prognosis in various cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we examined an association between the gene expression signature of FOXM1 and HCC patient outcome. The co-expressed gene set of FOXM1, which is significantly associated with the prognosis of HCC patients, was identified by analyzing the gene expression profiles of 100 patients with HCC, and this gene set was validated in two independent HCC patient cohorts (n=573). In multivariate analysis, the co-expressed gene set of FOXM1 was the most significant prognostic factor for overall survival in patients with HCC (hazard ratio=1.706, 95% confidence intervals=1.176-2.475, P=0.005). We also analyzed different types of cancer, including pancreatic adenocarcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, breast carcinoma and bladder urothelial carcinoma, to verify the association between the co-expressed gene set of FOXM1 and patient prognosis, and we found a consistent prognostic significance, regardless of tumor type. Finally, we identified a putative signaling pathway in which miR-34a acts as an upstream regulator of the FOXM1-MYC signaling network; this pathway may be ultimately responsible for the poor prognosis of HCC patients. The prognostic subgroups defined by the gene expression signature of FOXM1 could help predict high-risk patients and may guide selection of the best treatment strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bic-Na Song
- Korean Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Bioinformatics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - In-Sun Chu
- Korean Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Bioinformatics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
211
|
Look into hepatic progenitor cell associated trait: Histological heterogeneity of hepatitis B-related combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma. Curr Med Sci 2017; 37:873-879. [PMID: 29270746 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-017-1820-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (CHC) is a mixed tumor containing elements of both hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CC). Its remarkable histological heterogeneity has been linked to putative hepatic progenitor cell (HPC) origin. However, detailed histological or phenotypic description is rarely documented. In the present study, we reassessed 68 cases previously diagnosed as hepatitis B-related CHCs by immunohistochemistry and double-fluorescence immunostaining, focusing on HPC associated phenotypic observation of intermediate area of the tumor. It was found that tumor cells showed remarkable heterogeneity in intermediate area. Tumor cells with intermediate morphology between hepatocytes and cholangiocytes were oval-shaped and small with scant cytoplasm and hyperchromatic nuclei, arranging in solid nests mostly. By Keratin 7 (K7) staining, it appeared that the nests of tumor cells represented a maturation process from the undifferentiated small cells to mature hepatocytes through the "transitional" cells. Then, these small cells were further confirmed with intermediate phenotype as HPC by exploring immature hepatocellular marker and HPC/biliary markers co-localization. In conclusion, the HPC associated trait in CHC can be interpreted by HPC origin or gain of "stemness" by dedifferentiation. It is still too soon to give a final word that it is innate or acquired signature of HPC associated trait in CHC.
Collapse
|
212
|
Drinane MC, Yaqoob U, Yu H, Luo F, Greuter T, Arab JP, Kostallari E, Verma VK, Maiers J, De Assuncao TM, Simons M, Mukhopadhyay D, Kisseleva T, Brenner DA, Urrutia R, Lomberk G, Gao Y, Ligresti G, Tschumperlin DJ, Revzin A, Cao S, Shah VH. Synectin promotes fibrogenesis by regulating PDGFR isoforms through distinct mechanisms. JCI Insight 2017; 2:92821. [PMID: 29263300 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.92821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The scaffold protein synectin plays a critical role in the trafficking and regulation of membrane receptor pathways. As platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) is essential for hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and liver fibrosis, we sought to determine the role of synectin on the PDGFR pathway and development of liver fibrosis. Mice with deletion of synectin from HSC were found to be protected from liver fibrosis. mRNA sequencing revealed that knockdown of synectin in HSC demonstrated reductions in the fibrosis pathway of genes, including PDGFR-β. Chromatin IP assay of the PDGFR-β promoter upon synectin knockdown revealed a pattern of histone marks associated with decreased transcription, dependent on p300 histone acetyltransferase. Synectin knockdown was found to downregulate PDGFR-α protein levels, as well, but through an alternative mechanism: protection from autophagic degradation. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed that ubiquitination of specific PDGFR-α lysine residues was responsible for its autophagic degradation. Furthermore, functional studies showed decreased PDGF-dependent migration and proliferation of HSC after synectin knockdown. Finally, human cirrhotic livers demonstrated increased synectin protein levels. This work provides insight into differential transcriptional and posttranslational mechanisms of synectin regulation of PDGFRs, which are critical to fibrogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Drinane
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Usman Yaqoob
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Haibin Yu
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fanghong Luo
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Thomas Greuter
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Juan P Arab
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Enis Kostallari
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Vikas K Verma
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jessica Maiers
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Thiago Milech De Assuncao
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael Simons
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Debabrata Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | | | - Raul Urrutia
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gwen Lomberk
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yandong Gao
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Giovanni Ligresti
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniel J Tschumperlin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Alexander Revzin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sheng Cao
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Vijay H Shah
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
213
|
Acquisition of Cholangiocarcinoma Traits during Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development in Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 188:656-671. [PMID: 29248454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Past studies have identified hepatic tumors with mixed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CC) characteristics that have a more aggressive behavior and a poorer prognosis than classic HCC. Whether this pathologic heterogeneity is due to a cell of origin of bipotent liver progenitors or the plasticity of cellular constituents comprising these tumors remains debated. In this study, we investigated the potential acquisition of CC-like traits during advanced development of HCC in mice. Primary and rare high-grade HCC developed in a genetic mouse model. A mouse model of highly efficient HCC invasion and metastasis by orthotopic transplantation of liver cancer organoids propagated from primary tumors in the genetic model was further developed. Invasive/metastatic tumors developed in both models closely recapitulated advanced human HCC and displayed a striking acquisition of CC-related pathologic and molecular features, which was absent in the primary HCC tumors. Our study directly demonstrates the pathologic evolution of HCC during advanced tumor development, providing the first evidence that tumors with mixed HCC and CC features, or at least a subset of these tumors, represent a more advanced developmental stage of HCC. Finally, liver cancer organoid-generated high-grade tumors exhibited significantly increased extracellular vesicle secretion, suggesting that identifying tumor-specific extracellular vesicle proteins in plasma may be a promising tool for liver cancer detection.
Collapse
|
214
|
Guo P, Wang Y, Dai C, Tao C, Wu F, Xie X, Yu H, Zhu Q, Li J, Ye L, Yu F, Shan Y, Yu Z, Dhanasekaran R, Zheng R, Chen G. Ribosomal protein S15a promotes tumor angiogenesis via enhancing Wnt/β-catenin-induced FGF18 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncogene 2017; 37:1220-1236. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0017-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
215
|
Bévant K, Coulouarn C. Landscape of genomic alterations in hepatocellular carcinoma: current knowledge and perspectives for targeted therapies. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2017; 6:404-407. [PMID: 29312976 DOI: 10.21037/hbsn.2017.10.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Bévant
- Inserm, Inra, Univ Rennes, UMR 1241, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, Rennes, France
| | - Cédric Coulouarn
- Inserm, Inra, Univ Rennes, UMR 1241, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, Rennes, France
| |
Collapse
|
216
|
Dusséaux M, Masse-Ranson G, Darche S, Ahodantin J, Li Y, Fiquet O, Beaumont E, Moreau P, Rivière L, Neuveut C, Soussan P, Roingeard P, Kremsdorf D, Di Santo JP, Strick-Marchand H. Viral Load Affects the Immune Response to HBV in Mice With Humanized Immune System and Liver. Gastroenterology 2017; 153:1647-1661.e9. [PMID: 28851562 PMCID: PMC5733397 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infects hepatocytes, but the mechanisms of the immune response against the virus and how it affects disease progression are unclear. METHODS We performed studies with BALB/c Rag2-/-Il2rg-/-SirpaNODAlb-uPAtg/tg mice, stably engrafted with human hepatocytes (HUHEP) with or without a human immune system (HIS). HUHEP and HIS-HUHEP mice were given an intraperitoneal injection of HBV. Mononuclear cells were isolated from spleen and liver for analysis by flow cytometry. Liver was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and mRNA levels were measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Plasma levels of HBV DNA were quantified by PCR reaction, and antigen-specific antibodies were detected by immunocytochemistry of HBV-transfected BHK-21 cells. RESULTS Following HBV infection, a complete viral life cycle, with production of HBV DNA, hepatitis B e (HBe), core (HBc) and surface (HBs) antigens, and covalently closed circular DNA, was observed in HUHEP and HIS-HUHEP mice. HBV replicated unrestricted in HUHEP mice resulting in high viral titers without pathologic effects. In contrast, HBV-infected HIS-HUHEP mice developed chronic hepatitis with 10-fold lower titers and antigen-specific IgGs, (anti-HBs, anti-HBc), consistent with partial immune control. HBV-infected HIS-HUHEP livers contained infiltrating Kupffer cells, mature activated natural killer cells (CD69+), and PD-1+ effector memory T cells (CD45RO+). Reducing the viral inoculum resulted in more efficient immune control. Plasma from HBV-infected HIS-HUHEP mice had increased levels of inflammatory and immune-suppressive cytokines (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 and interleukin 10), which correlated with populations of intrahepatic CD4+ T cells (CD45RO+PD-1+). Mice with high levels of viremia had HBV-infected liver progenitor cells. Giving the mice the nucleoside analogue entecavir reduced viral loads and decreased liver inflammation. CONCLUSION In HIS-HUHEP mice, HBV infection completes a full life cycle and recapitulates some of the immunopathology observed in patients with chronic infection. Inoculation with different viral loads led to different immune responses and levels of virus control. We found HBV to infect liver progenitor cells, which could be involved in hepatocellular carcinogenesis. This is an important new system to study anti-HBV immune responses and screen for combination therapies against hepatotropic viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Dusséaux
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France,INSERM U1223, Paris, France
| | | | - Sylvie Darche
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France,INSERM U1223, Paris, France
| | - James Ahodantin
- INSERM U1135, Faculté de Médecine, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Yan Li
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France,INSERM U1223, Paris, France
| | - Oriane Fiquet
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France,INSERM U1223, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Beaumont
- INSERM U966, Université François Rabelais and CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Pierrick Moreau
- Unité des Hépacivirus et Immunité Innée, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Lise Rivière
- Unité des Hépacivirus et Immunité Innée, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Christine Neuveut
- Unité des Hépacivirus et Immunité Innée, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Patrick Soussan
- INSERM U1135, Faculté de Médecine, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Roingeard
- INSERM U966, Université François Rabelais and CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Dina Kremsdorf
- INSERM U1135, Faculté de Médecine, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - James P. Di Santo
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France,INSERM U1223, Paris, France
| | - Helene Strick-Marchand
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France; INSERM U1223, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
217
|
Dropmann A, Dediulia T, Breitkopf-Heinlein K, Korhonen H, Janicot M, Weber SN, Thomas M, Piiper A, Bertran E, Fabregat I, Abshagen K, Hess J, Angel P, Coulouarn C, Dooley S, Meindl-Beinker NM. TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 abundance in liver diseases of mice and men. Oncotarget 2017; 7:19499-518. [PMID: 26799667 PMCID: PMC4991397 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
TGF-β1 is a major player in chronic liver diseases promoting fibrogenesis and tumorigenesis through various mechanisms. The expression and function of TGF-β2 have not been investigated thoroughly in liver disease to date. In this paper, we provide evidence that TGF-β2 expression correlates with fibrogenesis and liver cancer development. Using quantitative realtime PCR and ELISA, we show that TGF-β2 mRNA expression and secretion increased in murine HSCs and hepatocytes over time in culture and were found in the human-derived HSC cell line LX-2. TGF-β2 stimulation of the LX-2 cells led to upregulation of the TGF-β receptors 1, 2, and 3, whereas TGF-β1 treatment did not alter or decrease their expression. In liver regeneration and fibrosis upon CCl4 challenge, the transient increase of TGF-β2 expression was accompanied by TGF-β1 and collagen expression. In bile duct ligation-induced fibrosis, TGF-β2 upregulation correlated with fibrotic markers and was more prominent than TGF-β1 expression. Accordingly, MDR2-KO mice showed significant TGF-β2 upregulation within 3 to 15 months but minor TGF-β1 expression changes. In 5 of 8 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)/hepatoblastoma cell lines, relatively high TGF-β2 expression and secretion were observed, with some cell lines even secreting more TGF-β2 than TGF-β1. TGF-β2 was also upregulated in tumors of TGFα/cMyc and DEN-treated mice. The analysis of publically available microarray data of 13 human HCC collectives revealed considerable upregulation of TGF-β2 as compared to normal liver. Our study demonstrates upregulation of TGF-β2 in liver disease and suggests TGF-β2 as a promising therapeutic target for tackling fibrosis and HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Dropmann
- Molecular Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tatjana Dediulia
- Molecular Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja Breitkopf-Heinlein
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Susanne N Weber
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Maria Thomas
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Albrecht Piiper
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Esther Bertran
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) and University of Barcelona L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Fabregat
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) and University of Barcelona L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kerstin Abshagen
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jochen Hess
- Research Group Molecular Mechanisms of Head and Neck Tumors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Section Experimental and Translational Head and Neck Oncology, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Angel
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cédric Coulouarn
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR991, University of Rennes, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Steven Dooley
- Molecular Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nadja M Meindl-Beinker
- Molecular Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
218
|
Eun YG, Lee D, Lee YC, Sohn BH, Kim EH, Yim SY, Kwon KH, Lee JS. Clinical significance of YAP1 activation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:111130-111143. [PMID: 29340043 PMCID: PMC5762311 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
By analyzing the genomic data of head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC), we investigated clinical significance of YAP1 activation. Copy number and mRNA expression of YAP1 were analyzed together to assess clinical relevance of YAP1 activation in HNSCC. The clinical significance of YAP1 activation was further validated in four independent test cohorts. We also assessed the correlation of YAP1 activation with genomic alterations such as copy number alteration, somatic mutation, and miRNA expression. The YAP1-activated (YA) subgroup showed worse prognosis for HNSCC as tested and validated in five cohorts. In a multivariate risk analysis, the YAP1 signature was the most significant predictor of overall survival. The YAP1-inactivated (YI) subgroup was associated with HPV-positive status. In multiplatform analysis, YA tumors had gain of EGFR and SNAI2; loss of tumor-suppressor genes such as CSMD1, CDKN2A, NOTCH1, and SMAD4; and high mutation rates of TP53 and CDKN2A. YI tumors were characterized by gain of PIK3CA, SOX2, and TP63; deletion of 11q23.1; and high mutation rates of NFE2L2, PTEN, SYNE1, and NSD1. YA tumors also showed weaker immune activity as reflected in low IFNG composite scores and YAP1 activity is negatively associated with potential response to treatment of pembrolizumab. In conclusion, activation of YAP1 is associated with worse prognosis of patients with HNSCC and potential resistance to immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Gyu Eun
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjin Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chan Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Hwa Sohn
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Eui Hyun Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Severance Hospital, Brain Tumor Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Yim
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Hwan Kwon
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Seog Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
219
|
Govaere O, Petz M, Wouters J, Vandewynckel YP, Scott EJ, Topal B, Nevens F, Verslype C, Anstee QM, Van Vlierberghe H, Mikulits W, Roskams T. The PDGFRα-laminin B1-keratin 19 cascade drives tumor progression at the invasive front of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncogene 2017; 36:6605-6616. [PMID: 28783171 PMCID: PMC5702717 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) expressing the biliary/hepatic progenitor cell marker keratin 19 (K19) have been linked with a poor prognosis and exhibit an increase in platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα) and laminin beta 1 (LAMB1) expression. PDGFRα has been reported to induce de novo synthesis of LAMB1 protein in a Sjogren syndrome antigen B (La/SSB)-dependent manner in a murine metastasis model. However, the role of this cascade in human HCC remains unclear. This study focused on the functional role of the PDGFRα-La/SSB-LAMB1 pathway and its molecular link to K19 expression in human HCC. In surgical HCC specimens from a cohort of 136 patients, PDGFRα expression correlated with K19 expression, microvascular invasion and metastatic spread. In addition, PDGFRα expression in pre-operative needle biopsy specimens predicted poor overall survival during a 5-year follow-up period. Consecutive histological staining demonstrated that the signaling components of the PDGFRα-La/SSB-LAMB1 pathway were strongly expressed at the invasive front. K19-positive HCC cells displayed high levels of α2β1 integrin (ITG) receptor, both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro activation of PDGFRα signaling triggered the translocation of nuclear La/SSB into the cytoplasm, enhanced the protein synthesis of LAMB1 by activating its internal ribosome entry site, which in turn led to increased secretion of laminin-111. This effect was abrogated by the PDGFRα-specific inhibitor crenolanib. Importantly LAMB1 stimulated ITG-dependent focal adhesion kinase/Src proto-oncogene non-receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. It also promoted the ITG-specific downstream target Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2, induced K19 expression in an autocrine manner, invadopodia formation and cell invasion. Finally, we showed that the knockdown of LAMB1 or K19 in subcutaneous xenograft mouse models resulted in significant loss of cells invading the surrounding stromal tissue and reduced HepG2 colonization into lung and liver after tail vein injection. The PDGFRα-LAMB1 pathway supports tumor progression at the invasive front of human HCC through K19 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Govaere
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Liver Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - M Petz
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Wouters
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Y-P Vandewynckel
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - E J Scott
- Liver Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - B Topal
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - F Nevens
- Department of Hepatology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - C Verslype
- Department of Hepatology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Q M Anstee
- Liver Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - H Van Vlierberghe
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - W Mikulits
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - T Roskams
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
220
|
Egawa M, Yoshida Y, Ogura S, Kurahashi T, Kizu T, Furuta K, Kamada Y, Chatani N, Hamano M, Kiso S, Hikita H, Tatsumi T, Eguchi H, Nagano H, Doki Y, Mori M, Takehara T. Increased expression of Forkhead box M1 transcription factor is associated with clinicopathological features and confers a poor prognosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Res 2017; 47:1196-1205. [PMID: 28002884 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Forkhead Box M1 (FoxM1) is a proliferation-specific transcription factor. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the clinicopathological and prognostic values of FoxM1 expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and correlate FoxM1 expression with various etiologies of liver diseases. We also investigated its therapeutic value in HCC. METHODS We investigated the expression of FoxM1 in tumor tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues of 79 Japanese HCC patients by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. Depletion by siRNA or specific inhibition by siomycin A were also used to investigate the effect of FoxM1 inhibition on stem-like features of human HCC cells. RESULTS Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that tumor tissues displayed an approximately 14-fold increase in FoxM1 expression compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues. Interestingly, the expression levels of FoxM1in tumor tissues did not depend on the etiology of liver disease. The expression of FoxM1 in tumor tissues was associated with serum α-fetoprotein level, maximum tumor size, histological grade, TNM staging, and portal involvement. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that the high FoxM1 expression (≥median) group had a poor prognosis compared with the low FoxM1 expression (<median) group. Using multivariate analysis, the expression of FoxM1 in tumor tissues was shown to be an independent prognostic factor that affected overall survival and disease-free survival. Furthermore, FoxM1 inhibition by siRNA or siomycin A reduced spheroid colony formation of HCC cells in vitro. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that FoxM1 might be a prognostic biomarker and a promising therapeutic target for HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Egawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ogura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Kizu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Yoshihiro Kamada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Mina Hamano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kiso
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hayato Hikita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagano
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
221
|
Calderaro J, Couchy G, Imbeaud S, Amaddeo G, Letouzé E, Blanc JF, Laurent C, Hajji Y, Azoulay D, Bioulac-Sage P, Nault JC, Zucman-Rossi J. Histological subtypes of hepatocellular carcinoma are related to gene mutations and molecular tumour classification. J Hepatol 2017; 67:727-738. [PMID: 28532995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 455] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Our increasing understanding of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) biology holds promise for personalized care, however its translation into clinical practice requires a precise knowledge of its relationship to tumour phenotype. METHODS We aimed at investigating molecular-phenotypic correlations in a large series of HCC. To this purpose, 343 surgically resected HCC samples were investigated by pathological review, immunohistochemistry, gene expression profiling and sequencing. RESULTS CTNNB1 (40%) and TP53 (21%) mutations were mutually exclusive and defined two major groups of HCC characterized by distinct phenotypes. CTNNB1 mutated tumours were large (p=0.002), well-differentiated (p<0.001), cholestatic (p<0.001), with microtrabecular (p<0.001) and pseudoglandular (p<0.001) patterns and without inflammatory infiltrates (p<0.001). TP53 mutated tumours were poorly differentiated (p<0.001) with a compact pattern (p=0.02), multinucleated (p=0.01) and pleomorphic (p=0.02) cells and frequent vascular invasion (p=0.02). World Health Organization (WHO) classification of histological subtypes were also strongly related to molecular features. The scirrhous subtype was associated with TSC1/TSC2 mutations (p=0.005), epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and a progenitor expression profile. The steatohepatitic subtype showed frequent IL-6/JAK/STAT activation without CTNNB1, TERT and TP53 pathway alterations (p=0.01). Pathological review identified a novel subtype, designated as "macrotrabecular-massive" associated with poor survival (p<0.001), high alpha-fetoprotein serum level (p=0.02), vascular invasion (p<0.001), TP53 mutations (p<0.001) and FGF19 amplifications (p=0.02), features also validated in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data. Finally, integration of HCC pathological characteristics with its transcriptomic classification showed phenotypically distinct tumour subclasses closely related to G1-G6 subgroups. CONCLUSION HCC phenotypes are tightly associated with gene mutations and transcriptomic classification. These findings may help in translating our knowledge of HCC biology into clinical practice. Lay summary: HCC is a very heterogenous tumour, both at the pathological and molecular levels. We show here that HCC phenotype is tightly associated to its molecular alterations and underlying oncogenic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Calderaro
- Inserm, UMR-1162, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, F-75010, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Pathology, CHU Henri Mondor, Créteil, France; Université Paris Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France
| | - Gabrielle Couchy
- Inserm, UMR-1162, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, F-75010, France
| | - Sandrine Imbeaud
- Inserm, UMR-1162, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, F-75010, France
| | - Giuliana Amaddeo
- Université Paris Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Hepatology, CHU Henri Mondor, Créteil, France; Inserm U955, Team 18, Créteil, France
| | - Eric Letouzé
- Inserm, UMR-1162, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, F-75010, France
| | - Jean-Frédéric Blanc
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, 33600 Pessac, France; Inserm UMR 1053, Université de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Christophe Laurent
- Department of Digestive and Endocrine Surgery, CHU-Hôpitaux de Bordeaux, France
| | - Yacine Hajji
- Inserm, UMR-1162, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, F-75010, France
| | - Daniel Azoulay
- Université Paris Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France; Department of Digestive and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri Mondor, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Paulette Bioulac-Sage
- Inserm UMR 1053, Université de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Department of Pathology, Pellegrin Hospital, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33076, France
| | - Jean-Charles Nault
- Inserm, UMR-1162, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, F-75010, France; Liver Unit, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bondy, France
| | - Jessica Zucman-Rossi
- Inserm, UMR-1162, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, F-75010, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Oncology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
222
|
High-throughput flow cytometry screening of human hepatocellular carcinoma reveals CD146 to be a novel marker of tumor-initiating cells. Biochem Biophys Rep 2017; 8:107-113. [PMID: 28955945 PMCID: PMC5613743 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a common and lethal cancer. Cancer stem cells, or tumor-initiating cells (TICs), are thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of HCC, but remain to be fully characterized. Unbiased screens of primary human HCC cells for the identification of novel HCC TIC markers have not been reported. We conducted high-throughput flow cytometry (HT-FC) profiling to characterize the expression of 375 CD antigens on tumor cells from 10 different human HCC samples. We selected 91 of these for further analysis based on HT-FC data that showed consistent expression in discrete, rare, sortable populations of HCC cells. Nine of these CD antigens demonstrated significantly increased expression in the EpCAM+ stem/progenitor fraction of a human HCC cell line and were further evaluated in primary human HCC tissues from 30 different patients. Of the nine tested, only CD146 demonstrated significantly increased expression in HCC tumor tissue as compared with matched adjacent non-tumor liver tissue. CD146+CD31−CD45− cells purified from HCC tumors and cell lines demonstrated a unique phenotype distinct from mesenchymal stem cells. As compared with other tumor cell fractions, CD146+CD31−CD45− cells showed significantly increased colony-forming capacity in vitro, consistent with TICs. This study demonstrates that HT-FC screening can be successfully applied to primary human HCC and reveals CD146 to be a novel TIC marker in this disease. Unbiased screens of human HCC cells for novel TIC markers have not been reported. A high-throughput flow cytometry screen of human HCC cells was successfully performed . Candidate TIC markers were further evaluated by RT-PCR and functional assays. Of candidates tested, only CD146 expression was significantly increased in HCC tissues. CD146+ cells had increased colony-forming capacity, consistent with a TIC phenotype.
Collapse
|
223
|
Yamamoto M, Xin B, Watanabe K, Ooshio T, Fujii K, Chen X, Okada Y, Abe H, Taguchi Y, Miyokawa N, Furukawa H, Nishikawa Y. Oncogenic Determination of a Broad Spectrum of Phenotypes of Hepatocyte-Derived Mouse Liver Tumors. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:2711-2725. [PMID: 28964793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-AKT, Yes-associated protein (YAP), and MYC pathways is involved in human liver cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CC). However, the nature of the interactions among these pathways has remained poorly understood. Herein, we demonstrate the coordination of these pathways during the formation of mouse liver tumors induced by hepatocyte-specific somatic integration of myristoylated AKT, mutant YAP, Myc, or their combinations. Although the introduction of YAP or Myc alone was inefficient in inducing tumors, these proteins accelerated tumorigenesis induced by AKT. The generated tumors demonstrated various histological features: low-grade HCC by AKT/Myc, CC by AKT/YAP, and high-grade HCC by AKT/Myc/YAP. CC induced by AKT/YAP was associated with activation of the Notch pathway. Interestingly, the combination of Myc and YAP generated tumors composed of hepatoblast/stem-like cells expressing mRNA for Afp, Dlk1, Nanog, and Sox2 and occasionally forming immature ducts. Finally, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that human HCC and CC were predominantly associated with phosphorylation of S6 and glycogen synthase kinase-3β, respectively, and >60% of CC cases were positive for both phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase--3β and YAP. Our study suggests that hepatocyte-derived tumors demonstrate a wide spectrum of tumor phenotypes, including HCC, CC, and hepatoblastoma-like, through the combinatory effects of the oncogenic pathways and that the state of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-AKT pathway is a key determinant of differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yamamoto
- Division of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Bing Xin
- Division of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Division of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan; Division of Gastroenterological and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Takako Ooshio
- Division of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kiyonaga Fujii
- Division of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Xi Chen
- Division of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Yoko Okada
- Division of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Abe
- Division of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Taguchi
- Division of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Miyokawa
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furukawa
- Division of Gastroenterological and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Yuji Nishikawa
- Division of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
224
|
Tewari D, Nabavi SF, Nabavi SM, Sureda A, Farooqi AA, Atanasov AG, Vacca RA, Sethi G, Bishayee A. Targeting activator protein 1 signaling pathway by bioactive natural agents: Possible therapeutic strategy for cancer prevention and intervention. Pharmacol Res 2017; 128:366-375. [PMID: 28951297 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Activator protein 1 (AP-1) is a key transcription factor in the control of several cellular processes responsible for cell survival proliferation and differentiation. Dysfunctional AP-1 expression and activity are involved in several severe diseases, especially inflammatory disorders and cancer. Therefore, targeting AP-1 has recently emerged as an attractive therapeutic strategy for cancer prevention and therapy. This review summarizes our current understanding of AP-1 biology and function as well as explores and discusses several natural bioactive compounds modulating AP-1-associated signaling pathways for cancer prevention and intervention. Current limitations, challenges, and future directions of research are also critically discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Bhimtal Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, 263 136, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1435916471, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1435916471, Iran.
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress and CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, University of Balearic Islands, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Laboratory for Translational Oncology and Personalized Medicine, Rashid Latif Medical College, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552, Jastrzebiec, Poland; Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria; Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rosa Anna Vacca
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Council of Research, I-70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, 18301 N. Miami Avenue, Miami, FL, 33169, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
225
|
Castelli G, Pelosi E, Testa U. Liver Cancer: Molecular Characterization, Clonal Evolution and Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9090127. [PMID: 28930164 PMCID: PMC5615342 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9090127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related death. The major forms of primary liver cancer are hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). Both these tumors develop against a background of cirrhotic liver, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, chronic liver damage and fibrosis. HCC is a heterogeneous disease which usually develops within liver cirrhosis related to various etiologies: hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (frequent in Asia and Africa), hepatitis C virus (HCV), chronic alcohol abuse, or metabolic syndrome (frequent in Western countries). In cirrhosis, hepatocarcinogenesis is a multi-step process where pre-cancerous dysplastic macronodules transform progressively into HCC. The patterns of genomic alterations observed in these tumors were recently identified and were instrumental for the identification of potential targeted therapies that could improve patient care. Liver cancer stem cells are a small subset of undifferentiated liver tumor cells, responsible for cancer initiation, metastasis, relapse and chemoresistance, enriched and isolated according to immunophenotypic and functional properties: cell surface proteins (CD133, CD90, CD44, EpCAM, OV-6, CD13, CD24, DLK1, α2δ1, ICAM-1 and CD47); the functional markers corresponding to side population, high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity and autofluorescence. The identification and definition of liver cancer stem cells requires both immunophenotypic and functional properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Germana Castelli
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00141, Italy.
| | - Elvira Pelosi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00141, Italy.
| | - Ugo Testa
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00141, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
226
|
Bria A, Marda J, Zhou J, Sun X, Cao Q, Petersen BE, Pi L. Hepatic progenitor cell activation in liver repair. LIVER RESEARCH 2017; 1:81-87. [PMID: 29276644 PMCID: PMC5739327 DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The liver possesses an extraordinary ability to regenerate after injury. Hepatocyte-driven liver regeneration is the default pathway in response to mild-to-moderate acute liver damage. When replication of mature hepatocytes is blocked, facultative hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs), also referred to as oval cells (OCs) in rodents, are activated. HPC/OCs have the ability to proliferate clonogenically and differentiate into several lineages including hepatocytes and bile ductal epithelia. This is a conserved liver injury response that has been studied in many species ranging from mammals (rat, mouse, and human) to fish. In addition, improper HPC/OC activation is closely associated with fibrotic responses, characterized by myofibroblast activation and extracellular matrix production, in many chronic liver diseases. Matrix remodeling and metalloprotease activities play an important role in the regulation of HPC/OC proliferation and fibrosis progression. Thus, understanding molecular mechanisms underlying HPC/OC activation has therapeutic implications for rational design of anti-fibrotic therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Liya Pi
- Corresponding author. Pediatric Stem Cell Research and Hepatic Disorders, Child Health Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA, (L. Pi)
| |
Collapse
|
227
|
Chen J, Chen L, Zern MA, Theise ND, Diehl AM, Liu P, Duan Y. The diversity and plasticity of adult hepatic progenitor cells and their niche. Liver Int 2017; 37:1260-1271. [PMID: 28135758 PMCID: PMC5534384 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The liver is a unique organ for homoeostasis with regenerative capacities. Hepatocytes possess a remarkable capacity to proliferate upon injury; however, in more severe scenarios liver regeneration is believed to arise from at least one, if not several facultative hepatic progenitor cell compartments. Newly identified pericentral stem/progenitor cells residing around the central vein is responsible for maintaining hepatocyte homoeostasis in the uninjured liver. In addition, hepatic progenitor cells have been reported to contribute to liver fibrosis and cancers. What drives liver homoeostasis, regeneration and diseases is determined by the physiological and pathological conditions, and especially the hepatic progenitor cell niches which influence the fate of hepatic progenitor cells. The hepatic progenitor cell niches are special microenvironments consisting of different cell types, releasing growth factors and cytokines and receiving signals, as well as the extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold. The hepatic progenitor cell niches maintain and regulate stem cells to ensure organ homoeostasis and regeneration. In recent studies, more evidence has been shown that hepatic cells such as hepatocytes, cholangiocytes or myofibroblasts can be induced to be oval cell-like state through transitions under some circumstance, those transitional cell types as potential liver-resident progenitor cells play important roles in liver pathophysiology. In this review, we describe and update recent advances in the diversity and plasticity of hepatic progenitor cell and their niches and discuss evidence supporting their roles in liver homoeostasis, regeneration, fibrosis and cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei Chen
- Shuguang Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Shanghai key laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China,E-institutes of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA,Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Long Chen
- Shuguang Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Shanghai key laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mark A Zern
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA,Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Neil D. Theise
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Beth Israel Medical Center of Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA,Corresponding Authors: Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Beth Israel Medical Center of Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 350 East 17th Street, Baird Hall, Room 17, New York, NY 10003 USA. Tel: +1 212 420 4246, Fax: +1 212 420 4373. (N.D. Theise). Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3256 Snydeman/GSRB-1 595 La Salle Street Durham, NC 27710 USA. Tel: +1 919 684 4173, Fax: +1 919 684 4183. (A.M. Diehl). Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Pudong district, Shanghai 201203 China. Tel: +86-21-51322059, Fax: +86 21-51322059. (P. Liu). Department of Dermatology and Internal Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center, 2921 Stockton Blvd, Suite 1630, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Tel: +1 916 703 9393, Fax: +1 916 703 9396. (Y. Duan)
| | - Ann Mae Diehl
- Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA,Corresponding Authors: Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Beth Israel Medical Center of Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 350 East 17th Street, Baird Hall, Room 17, New York, NY 10003 USA. Tel: +1 212 420 4246, Fax: +1 212 420 4373. (N.D. Theise). Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3256 Snydeman/GSRB-1 595 La Salle Street Durham, NC 27710 USA. Tel: +1 919 684 4173, Fax: +1 919 684 4183. (A.M. Diehl). Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Pudong district, Shanghai 201203 China. Tel: +86-21-51322059, Fax: +86 21-51322059. (P. Liu). Department of Dermatology and Internal Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center, 2921 Stockton Blvd, Suite 1630, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Tel: +1 916 703 9393, Fax: +1 916 703 9396. (Y. Duan)
| | - Ping Liu
- Shuguang Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Shanghai key laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China,E-institutes of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Corresponding Authors: Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Beth Israel Medical Center of Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 350 East 17th Street, Baird Hall, Room 17, New York, NY 10003 USA. Tel: +1 212 420 4246, Fax: +1 212 420 4373. (N.D. Theise). Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3256 Snydeman/GSRB-1 595 La Salle Street Durham, NC 27710 USA. Tel: +1 919 684 4173, Fax: +1 919 684 4183. (A.M. Diehl). Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Pudong district, Shanghai 201203 China. Tel: +86-21-51322059, Fax: +86 21-51322059. (P. Liu). Department of Dermatology and Internal Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center, 2921 Stockton Blvd, Suite 1630, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Tel: +1 916 703 9393, Fax: +1 916 703 9396. (Y. Duan)
| | - Yuyou Duan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA,Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA,Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA,Corresponding Authors: Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Beth Israel Medical Center of Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 350 East 17th Street, Baird Hall, Room 17, New York, NY 10003 USA. Tel: +1 212 420 4246, Fax: +1 212 420 4373. (N.D. Theise). Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3256 Snydeman/GSRB-1 595 La Salle Street Durham, NC 27710 USA. Tel: +1 919 684 4173, Fax: +1 919 684 4183. (A.M. Diehl). Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Pudong district, Shanghai 201203 China. Tel: +86-21-51322059, Fax: +86 21-51322059. (P. Liu). Department of Dermatology and Internal Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center, 2921 Stockton Blvd, Suite 1630, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Tel: +1 916 703 9393, Fax: +1 916 703 9396. (Y. Duan)
| |
Collapse
|
228
|
Ni Q, Chen J, Li X, Xu X, Zhang N, Zhou A, Zhou B, Lu Q, Chen Z. Expression of OTUB1 in hepatocellular carcinoma and its effects on HCC cell migration and invasion. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:680-688. [PMID: 28575188 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmx056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OTUB1 (OTU domain-containing ubiquitin aldehyde binding protein 1) is a deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) that belongs to the ovarian tumor (OTU) domain protease superfamily. Although it has been demonstrated to play important roles in the development of many kinds of cancer, the mechanism of OTUB1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not clear. The aim of this study was to explore the roles of OTUB1 in HCC progression using cell lines and 115 archived HCC samples. In addition, the clinical outcomes were also analyzed with a special focus on OTUB1 expression in HCC samples. In the immunohistochemical study, OTUB1 showed high expression in 60 of the 115 cases (52.2%). The OTUB1 expression level was significantly correlated with many clinicopathological parameters, including TNM stage (P = 0.002), histology stage (P = 0.002), and metastasis/recurrence (P = 0.016). Survival analysis showed that the group with OTUB1 overexpression had significantly shorter overall survival time than the group with OTUB1 downregulation (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.482; confidence interval [CI]: 0.311-0.748; P = 0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that OTUB1 expression was a significant and independent prognostic parameter (HR = 0.214; CI: 0.126-0.364; P < 0.001) for HCC patients. The ability of HCC cells to undergo proliferation, migration, and invasion was suppressed by disruption of endogenous OTUB1 using short hairpin RNA (shRNA). OTUB1 expression appears to be a new and independent predictor for the prognosis of HCC patients. Overexpression of OTUB1 in HCC could be a novel, effective, and supplementary biomarker for HCC because it plays a vital role in the progression of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinggan Ni
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Nantong University, Research Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Nantong University, Research Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Nantong University, Research Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Ang Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Nantong University, Research Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Nantong University, Research Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Qian Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Nantong University, Research Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Nantong University, Research Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| |
Collapse
|
229
|
Ubiquitin-specific protease 21 stabilizes BRCA2 to control DNA repair and tumor growth. Nat Commun 2017; 8:137. [PMID: 28743957 PMCID: PMC5526993 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00206-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor growth relies on efficient DNA repair to mitigate the detrimental impact of DNA damage associated with excessive cell division. Modulating repair factor function, thus, provides a promising strategy to manipulate malignant growth. Here, we identify the ubiquitin-specific protease USP21 as a positive regulator of BRCA2, a key mediator of DNA repair by homologous recombination. USP21 interacts with, deubiquitinates and stabilizes BRCA2 to promote efficient RAD51 loading at DNA double-strand breaks. As a result, depletion of USP21 decreases homologous recombination efficiency, causes an increase in DNA damage load and impairs tumor cell survival. Importantly, BRCA2 overexpression partially restores the USP21-associated survival defect. Moreover, we show that USP21 is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma, where it promotes BRCA2 stability and inversely correlates with patient survival. Together, our findings identify deubiquitination as a means to regulate BRCA2 function and point to USP21 as a potential therapeutic target in BRCA2-proficient tumors.BRCA2 is essential for the repair of DNA damage; therefore, defects in BRCA2 are associated with tumorigenesis but also with increased susceptibility to genotoxic stress. Here the authors show that USP21 regulates the ability of tumor cells to repair damaged DNA by regulating BRCA2 stability.
Collapse
|
230
|
Chaisaingmongkol J, Budhu A, Dang H, Rabibhadana S, Pupacdi B, Kwon SM, Forgues M, Pomyen Y, Bhudhisawasdi V, Lertprasertsuke N, Chotirosniramit A, Pairojkul C, Auewarakul CU, Sricharunrat T, Phornphutkul K, Sangrajrang S, Cam M, He P, Hewitt SM, Ylaya K, Wu X, Andersen JB, Thorgeirsson SS, Waterfall JJ, Zhu YJ, Walling J, Stevenson HS, Edelman D, Meltzer PS, Loffredo CA, Hama N, Shibata T, Wiltrout RH, Harris CC, Mahidol C, Ruchirawat M, Wang XW. Common Molecular Subtypes Among Asian Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer Cell 2017; 32. [PMID: 28648284 PMCID: PMC5524207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are clinically disparate primary liver cancers with etiological and biological heterogeneity. We identified common molecular subtypes linked to similar prognosis among 199 Thai ICC and HCC patients through systems integration of genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics. While ICC and HCC share recurrently mutated genes, including TP53, ARID1A, and ARID2, mitotic checkpoint anomalies distinguish the C1 subtype with key drivers PLK1 and ECT2, whereas the C2 subtype is linked to obesity, T cell infiltration, and bile acid metabolism. These molecular subtypes are found in 582 Asian, but less so in 265 Caucasian patients. Thus, Asian ICC and HCC, while clinically treated as separate entities, share common molecular subtypes with similar actionable drivers to improve precision therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jittiporn Chaisaingmongkol
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, Office of Higher Education Commission, Ministry of Education, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Anuradha Budhu
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hien Dang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Siritida Rabibhadana
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Benjarath Pupacdi
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - So Mee Kwon
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marshonna Forgues
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yotsawat Pomyen
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maggie Cam
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ping He
- FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Stephen M Hewitt
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kris Ylaya
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jesper B Andersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Snorri S Thorgeirsson
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joshua J Waterfall
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yuelin J Zhu
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jennifer Walling
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Holly S Stevenson
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel Edelman
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paul S Meltzer
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Natsuko Hama
- Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Shibata
- Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Robert H Wiltrout
- Cancer Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Curtis C Harris
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chulabhorn Mahidol
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.
| | - Mathuros Ruchirawat
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, Office of Higher Education Commission, Ministry of Education, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Xin W Wang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
231
|
Dang H, Takai A, Forgues M, Pomyen Y, Mou H, Xue W, Ray D, Ha KCH, Morris QD, Hughes TR, Wang XW. Oncogenic Activation of the RNA Binding Protein NELFE and MYC Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Cell 2017; 32:101-114.e8. [PMID: 28697339 PMCID: PMC5539779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Global transcriptomic imbalance is a ubiquitous feature associated with cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Analyses of 1,225 clinical HCC samples revealed that a large numbers of RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are dysregulated and that RBP dysregulation is associated with poor prognosis. We further identified that oncogenic activation of a top candidate RBP, negative elongation factor E (NELFE), via somatic copy-number alterations enhanced MYC signaling and promoted HCC progression. Interestingly, NELFE induces a unique tumor transcriptome by selectively regulating MYC-associated genes. Thus, our results revealed NELFE as an oncogenic protein that may contribute to transcriptome imbalance in HCC through the regulation of MYC signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hien Dang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Atsushi Takai
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marshonna Forgues
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yotsowat Pomyen
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Haiwei Mou
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Wen Xue
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Program in Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Debashish Ray
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Kevin C H Ha
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Quaid D Morris
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Timothy R Hughes
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Xin Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
232
|
Marzi L, Villa E. Prognostic signatures from hepatocellular carcinoma biopsy. Hepat Oncol 2017; 4:65-68. [PMID: 30191054 DOI: 10.2217/hep-2017-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Marzi
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Erica Villa
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
233
|
Ally A, Balasundaram M, Carlsen R, Chuah E, Clarke A, Dhalla N, Holt RA, Jones SJ, Lee D, Ma Y, Marra MA, Mayo M, Moore RA, Mungall AJ, Schein JE, Sipahimalani P, Tam A, Thiessen N, Cheung D, Wong T, Brooks D, Robertson AG, Bowlby R, Mungall K, Sadeghi S, Xi L, Covington K, Shinbrot E, Wheeler DA, Gibbs RA, Donehower LA, Wang L, Bowen J, Gastier-Foster JM, Gerken M, Helsel C, Leraas KM, Lichtenberg TM, Ramirez NC, Wise L, Zmuda E, Gabriel SB, Meyerson M, Cibulskis C, Murray BA, Shih J, Beroukhim R, Cherniack AD, Schumacher SE, Saksena G, Pedamallu CS, Chin L, Getz G, Noble M, Zhang H, Heiman D, Cho J, Gehlenborg N, Saksena G, Voet D, Lin P, Frazer S, Defreitas T, Meier S, Lawrence M, Kim J, Creighton CJ, Muzny D, Doddapaneni H, Hu J, Wang M, Morton D, Korchina V, Han Y, Dinh H, Lewis L, Bellair M, Liu X, Santibanez J, Glenn R, Lee S, Hale W, Parker JS, Wilkerson MD, Hayes DN, Reynolds SM, Shmulevich I, Zhang W, Liu Y, Iype L, Makhlouf H, Torbenson MS, Kakar S, Yeh MM, Jain D, Kleiner DE, Jain D, Dhanasekaran R, El-Serag HB, Yim SY, Weinstein JN, Mishra L, Zhang J, Akbani R, Ling S, Ju Z, Su X, Hegde AM, Mills GB, Lu Y, Chen J, Lee JS, Sohn BH, Shim JJ, Tong P, Aburatani H, Yamamoto S, Tatsuno K, Li W, Xia Z, Stransky N, Seiser E, Innocenti F, Gao J, Kundra R, Zhang H, Heins Z, Ochoa A, Sander C, Ladanyi M, Shen R, Arora A, Sanchez-Vega F, Schultz N, Kasaian K, Radenbaugh A, Bissig KD, Moore DD, Totoki Y, Nakamura H, Shibata T, Yau C, Graim K, Stuart J, Haussler D, Slagle BL, Ojesina AI, Katsonis P, Koire A, Lichtarge O, Hsu TK, Ferguson ML, Demchok JA, Felau I, Sheth M, Tarnuzzer R, Wang Z, Yang L, Zenklusen JC, Zhang J, Hutter CM, Sofia HJ, Verhaak RG, Zheng S, Lang F, Chudamani S, Liu J, Lolla L, Wu Y, Naresh R, Pihl T, Sun C, Wan Y, Benz C, Perou AH, Thorne LB, Boice L, Huang M, Rathmell WK, Noushmehr H, Saggioro FP, Tirapelli DPDC, Junior CGC, Mente ED, Silva ODC, Trevisan FA, Kang KJ, Ahn KS, Giama NH, Moser CD, Giordano TJ, Vinco M, Welling TH, Crain D, Curley E, Gardner J, Mallery D, Morris S, Paulauskis J, Penny R, Shelton C, Shelton T, Kelley R, Park JW, Chandan VS, Roberts LR, Bathe OF, Hagedorn CH, Auman JT, O'Brien DR, Kocher JPA, Jones CD, Mieczkowski PA, Perou CM, Skelly T, Tan D, Veluvolu U, Balu S, Bodenheimer T, Hoyle AP, Jefferys SR, Meng S, Mose LE, Shi Y, Simons JV, Soloway MG, Roach J, Hoadley KA, Baylin SB, Shen H, Hinoue T, Bootwalla MS, Van Den Berg DJ, Weisenberger DJ, Lai PH, Holbrook A, Berrios M, Laird PW. Comprehensive and Integrative Genomic Characterization of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cell 2017; 169:1327-1341.e23. [PMID: 28622513 PMCID: PMC5680778 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1675] [Impact Index Per Article: 239.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer has the second highest worldwide cancer mortality rate and has limited therapeutic options. We analyzed 363 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases by whole-exome sequencing and DNA copy number analyses, and we analyzed 196 HCC cases by DNA methylation, RNA, miRNA, and proteomic expression also. DNA sequencing and mutation analysis identified significantly mutated genes, including LZTR1, EEF1A1, SF3B1, and SMARCA4. Significant alterations by mutation or downregulation by hypermethylation in genes likely to result in HCC metabolic reprogramming (ALB, APOB, and CPS1) were observed. Integrative molecular HCC subtyping incorporating unsupervised clustering of five data platforms identified three subtypes, one of which was associated with poorer prognosis in three HCC cohorts. Integrated analyses enabled development of a p53 target gene expression signature correlating with poor survival. Potential therapeutic targets for which inhibitors exist include WNT signaling, MDM4, MET, VEGFA, MCL1, IDH1, TERT, and immune checkpoint proteins CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1.
Collapse
|
234
|
Yu L, Chen S, Luo N, He S. The C-terminus domain of the hepatitis B virus x protein stimulates the proliferation of mouse foetal hepatic progenitor cells, although it is not required for the formation of spheroids. Int J Mol Med 2017. [PMID: 28627604 PMCID: PMC5505023 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus X (HBx) protein is an important factor in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The C-terminal region of HBx plays a major role in the replication of HBV. Notably, HBx promotes the expansion and tumourigenesis of hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) in mice. However, it remains unclear as to whether the C-terminal region of HBx is required for the stimulation fo the proliferation of mouse foetal HPCs (FHPCs). In our study, we used EpCAM+, CD133+ and CD49f+ FHPCs, which are bipotential clonogenic cells. These FHPCs transformed into mature hepatocytes and cholangiocytes when cultured under conditions that facilitate differentiation. Compared with the FHPCs grown as monolayers, spherical cell proliferation occurred more rapidly. Furthermore, spherically cultured FHPCs can grow in semi-solid agar and tend to maintain the morphology and characteristics of stem cells compared with growth in rat tail collagen. Notably, we also demonstrate that the C-terminus of HBx stimulates the proliferation of FHPCs, but is not required for the formation of spheroids, similar to hepatic cancer stem cells. These findings enhance our understanding of the HBx-induced tumourigenicity of FHPCs and may aid in the treatment of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liming Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Shu Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Na Luo
- Department of ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Song He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
235
|
Liver cancers with stem/progenitor-cell features - a rare chemotherapy-sensitive malignancy. Oncotarget 2017; 8:59991-59998. [PMID: 28938700 PMCID: PMC5601796 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary liver tumors are a heterogeneous group of malignancies. Besides classical hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CC), combined and intermediate forms of liver cancer exist and can express stem-cell markers like nuclear cell adhesion molecule (NCAM-1/CD56), c-kit (CD117) or epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) together with high proliferative activity. Liver tumors with progenitor-cell features are associated with an unfavorable prognosis, but the phenotype has not resulted in therapeutic consequences so far. We report three patients with liver cancers with stem/progenitor-cell features that responded exceptionally well to chemotherapy. These encouraging results indicate that the identification of liver cancer with stem/progenitor-cell phenotype in a patient´s tumor might justify an attempt to treat the patient with chemotherapy. Further case studies and finally clinical trials will be necessary to determine the optimal treatment for patients with this rare form of liver cancer.
Collapse
|
236
|
Yuan JH, Liu XN, Wang TT, Pan W, Tao QF, Zhou WP, Wang F, Sun SH. The MBNL3 splicing factor promotes hepatocellular carcinoma by increasing PXN expression through the alternative splicing of lncRNA-PXN-AS1. Nat Cell Biol 2017; 19:820-832. [PMID: 28553938 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the roles of splicing factors and splicing events during tumorigenesis would open new avenues for targeted therapies. Here we identify an oncofetal splicing factor, MBNL3, which promotes tumorigenesis and indicates poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. MBNL3 knockdown almost completely abolishes hepatocellular carcinoma tumorigenesis. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that MBNL3 induces lncRNA-PXN-AS1 exon 4 inclusion. The transcript lacking exon 4 binds to coding sequences of PXN mRNA, causes dissociation of translation elongation factors from PXN mRNA, and thereby inhibits PXN mRNA translation. In contrast, the transcript containing exon 4 preferentially binds to the 3' untranslated region of PXN mRNA, protects PXN mRNA from microRNA-24-AGO2 complex-induced degradation, and thereby increases PXN expression. Through inducing exon 4 inclusion, MBNL3 upregulates PXN, which mediates the pro-tumorigenic roles of MBNL3. Collectively, these data demonstrate detailed mechanistic links between an oncofetal splicing factor, a splicing event and tumorigenesis, and establish splicing factors and splicing events as potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hang Yuan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiao-Ning Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tian-Tian Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qi-Fei Tao
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei-Ping Zhou
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shu-Han Sun
- Department of Medical Genetics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
237
|
Tg737 regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell properties via a negative feedback circuit between Snail and HNF4α during liver stem cell malignant transformation. Cancer Lett 2017; 402:52-60. [PMID: 28536011 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Determining the origin of liver cancer stem cells is important for treating hepatocellular carcinoma. Tg737 deficiency plays an important role in the malignant transformation of liver stem cells, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here we established a chemical-induced mouse hepatoma model and found that Tg737 and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha (HNF4α) expression decreased and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related marker expression increased during liver cancer development. To investigate the underlying mechanism, we knocked down Tg737 in WB-F344 (WB) rat hepatic oval cells. Loss of Tg737 resulted in nuclear β-catenin accumulation and activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which further promoted EMT and the malignant phenotype. XAV939, a β-catenin inhibitor, attenuated WB cell malignant transformation due to Tg737 knockdown. To clarify the relationships of Tg737, the β-catenin pathway, and HNF4α, we inhibited Snail and overexpressed HNF4α after Tg737 knockdown in WB cells and found that Snail and HNF4α comprise a negative feedback circuit. Taken together, the results showed that Tg737 regulates a Wnt/β-catenin/Snail-HNF4α negative feedback circuit, thereby blocking EMT and the malignant transformation of liver stem cells to liver cancer stem cells.
Collapse
|
238
|
Wang X, Oishi N, Shimakami T, Yamashita T, Honda M, Murakami S, Kaneko S. Hepatitis B virus X protein induces hepatic stem cell-like features in hepatocellular carcinoma by activating KDM5B. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:3252-3261. [PMID: 28566884 PMCID: PMC5434430 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i18.3252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the role of hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx), HBx in regulating hepatic progenitor cell (HPC)-like features in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the underlying molecular mechanisms.
METHODS We used a retrovirus vector to introduce wild type HBx or empty vector into HepG2 cells. We then used these cells to analyze cell proliferation, senescence, transformation, and stem-like features. Gene expression profiling was carried out on Affymetrix GeneChip Human U133A2.0 ver.2 arrays according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis and Class Comparison analysis were performed by BRB-Array Tools software Version 4.2.2. A total of 238 hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC patients’ array data were used for analyzing clinical features.
RESULTS The histone demethylase KDM5B was significantly highly expressed in HBV-related HCC cases (P < 0.01). In HBV proteins, only HBx up-regulated KDM5B by activating c-myc. Hepatic stem cell (HpSC) markers (EpCAM, AFP, PROM1, and NANOG) were significantly highly expressed in KDM5B-high HCC cases (P < 0.01). KDM5B played an important role in maintaining HpSC-like features and was associated with a poor prognosis. Moreover, inhibition of KDM5B suppressed spheroid formation and cell invasion in vitro.
CONCLUSION HBx activates the histone demethylase KDM5B and induces HPC-like features in HCC. Histone demethylases KDM5B may be an important therapeutic target against HBV-related HCC cases.
Collapse
|
239
|
Mansy SS, El-Ahwany E, Mahmoud S, Hassan S, Seleem MI, Abdelaal A, Helmy AH, Zoheiry MK, AbdelFattah AS, Hassanein MH. Potential ultrastructure predicting factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in HCV infected patients. Ultrastruct Pathol 2017; 41:209-226. [PMID: 28494215 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2017.1316330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus represents one of the rising causes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although the early diagnosis of HCC is vital for successful curative treatment, the majority of lesions are diagnosed in an irredeemable phase. This work deals with a comparative ultrastructural study of experimentally gradually induced HCC, surgically resected HCC, and potential premalignant lesions from HCV-infected patients, with the prospect to detect cellular criteria denoting premalignant transformation. Among the main detected pathological changes which are postulated to precede frank HCC: failure of normal hepatocyte regeneration with star shape clonal fragmentation, frequent elucidation of hepatic progenitor cells and Hering canals, hepatocytes of different electron density loaded with small sized rounded monotonous mitochondria, increase junctional complexes bordering bile canaliculi and in between hepatocyte membranes, abundant cellular proteinaceous material with hypertrophied or vesiculated rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), sequestrated nucleus with proteinaceous granular material or hypertrophied RER, formation of lipolysosomes, large autophagosomes, and micro-vesicular fat deposition. In conclusion, the present work has visualized new hepatocytic division or regenerative process that mimic splitting or clonal fragmentation that occurs in primitive creature. Also, new observations that may be of value or assist in predicting HCC and identifying the appropriate patient for surveillance have been reported. Moreover, it has pointed to the possible malignant potentiality of liver stem/progenitor cells. For reliability, the results can be subjected to cohort longitudinal study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soheir S Mansy
- a Electron Microscopy Research Department (Pathology) , Theodor Bilharz Research Institute , Giza , Egypt
| | - Eman El-Ahwany
- b Immunology Department , Theodor Bilharz Research Institute , Giza , Egypt
| | - Soheir Mahmoud
- c Parasitology Department , Theodor Bilharz Research Institute , Giza , Egypt
| | - Sara Hassan
- a Electron Microscopy Research Department (Pathology) , Theodor Bilharz Research Institute , Giza , Egypt
| | - Mohammed I Seleem
- d Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation , National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Amr Abdelaal
- e Surgery Department , Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Helmy
- f Surgery Department , Theodor Bilharz Research Institute , Giza , Egypt
| | - Mona K Zoheiry
- b Immunology Department , Theodor Bilharz Research Institute , Giza , Egypt
| | - Ahmed S AbdelFattah
- g Hepatogastroenterology Department , Theodor Bilharz Research Institute , Giza , Egypt
| | - Moataz H Hassanein
- g Hepatogastroenterology Department , Theodor Bilharz Research Institute , Giza , Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
240
|
Wang C, Yang Y, Sun D, Jiang Y. Prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients with bile duct tumor thrombus after hepatic resection or liver transplantation in Asian populations: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176827. [PMID: 28472122 PMCID: PMC5417567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with bile duct tumor thrombus (BDTT) in the clinic is rare, and surgical treatment is currently considered the most effective treatment. However, the influence of BDTT on the prognosis of HCC patients who underwent surgery remains controversial in previous studies. Therefore, this paper uses meta-analysis method to elucidate this controversy. Methods In this study, we conducted a literature search on databases PubMed, Embase and Web of Science from inception until September 2016. Each study was evaluated with Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The pooled effect was calculated, and the association between BDTT and overall survival (OS) or disease-free survival (DFS) was reevaluated using meta-analysis for hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results A total of 11 studies was included containing 5295 patients. The (HR) for OS and DFS was 3.21 and 1.81, 95%CI was 2.34–4.39 and 1.17–2.78 respectively. Conclusions The results showed that HCC patients with BDTT had a worse prognosis than those without BDTT after hepatic resection or liver transplantation (LT).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, P. R. China
| | - Donglin Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
241
|
Wang H, Kohashi K, Yoshizumi T, Okumura Y, Tanaka Y, Shimokawa M, Iwasaki T, Aishima S, Maehara Y, Oda Y. Coexpression of SALL4 with HDAC1 and/or HDAC2 is associated with underexpression of PTEN and poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2017; 64:69-75. [PMID: 28411180 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Spalt-like transcriptional factor 4 (SALL4), a stem marker, is reactivated in several cancers. A previous study has demonstrated that SALL4 interacts with the nucleosome remodeling deacetylase complex, which contains histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2). In this study, we investigated the expression status of SALL4, HDAC1, and HDAC2 and their relationship with phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) by immunohistochemical analysis of the posthepatectomy specimens of 135 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who were treated at our hospital. Ninety-two frozen samples were subjected to quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis to detect the messenger RNA levels of PTEN. Seventy-six (56%) of 135 patients were positive for SALL4, and this group had a higher prevalence of hepatitis B antigen, a higher value of α-fetoprotein (AFP) and protein induced by vitamin K absence (PIVKAII) and poor histologic differentiation. The 5-year survival rate was significantly lower in the SALL4-positive group. High HDAC1 expression (51%) was correlated with a poor histologic differentiation and a poor prognosis. High HDAC2 expression (46%) was associated with a higher prevalence of hepatitis B antigen positivity, a poor histologic differentiation and higher prevalence of vascular invasion, and a lower 5-year survival rate. Coexpression of SALL4 with HDAC1 and/or HDAC2 was correlated with underexpression of PTEN. Moreover, multivariable analysis revealed that coexpression of SALL4 with HDAC1 and/or HDAC2 was predictive of an unfavorable prognosis. Our data thus suggested that the combination of SALL4, HDAC1, and HDAC2 may provide a potential target for molecular therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huanlin Wang
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kohashi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Yoshizumi
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Okumura
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shimokawa
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwasaki
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shinichi Aishima
- Departments of Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Maehara
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
242
|
Wijetunga NA, Pascual M, Tozour J, Delahaye F, Alani M, Adeyeye M, Wolkoff AW, Verma A, Greally JM. A pre-neoplastic epigenetic field defect in HCV-infected liver at transcription factor binding sites and polycomb targets. Oncogene 2017; 36:2030-2044. [PMID: 27721404 PMCID: PMC5383522 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The predisposition of patients with Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) involves components of viral infection, inflammation and time. The development of multifocal, genetically distinct tumours is suggestive of a field defect affecting the entire liver. The molecular susceptibility mediating such a field defect is not understood. One potential mediator of long-term cellular reprogramming is heritable (epigenetic) regulation of transcription, exemplified by DNA methylation. We studied epigenetic and transcriptional changes in HCV-infected livers in comparison with control, uninfected livers and HCC, allowing us to identify pre-neoplastic epigenetic and transcriptional events. We find the HCV-infected liver to have a pattern of acquisition of DNA methylation targeted to candidate enhancers active in liver cells, enriched for the binding sites of the FOXA1, FOXA2 and HNF4A transcription factors. These enhancers can be subdivided into those proximal to genes implicated in liver cancer or to genes involved in stem cell development, the latter distinguished by increased CG dinucleotide density and polycomb-mediated repression, manifested by the additional acquisition of histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3). Transcriptional studies on our samples showed that the increased DNA methylation at enhancers was associated with decreased local gene expression, results validated in independent samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Pharmacological depletion of H3K27me3 using the EZH2 inhibitor GSK343 in HepG2 cells suppressed cell growth and also revealed that local acquired DNA methylation was not dependent upon the presence of polycomb-mediated repression. The results support a model of HCV infection influencing the binding of transcription factors to cognate sites in the genome, with consequent local acquisition of DNA methylation, and the added repressive influence of polycomb at a subset of CG-dense cis-regulatory sequences. These epigenetic events occur before neoplastic transformation, resulting in what may be a pharmacologically reversible epigenetic field defect in HCV-infected liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N A Wijetunga
- Department of Genetics and Center for Epigenomics, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - M Pascual
- Department of Genetics and Center for Epigenomics, Bronx, NY, USA
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), IDISNA, Oncohematology Department, Pamplona, Spain
| | - J Tozour
- Department of Genetics and Center for Epigenomics, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - F Delahaye
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - M Alani
- Department of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases), Bronx, NY, USA
- Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - M Adeyeye
- Department of Genetics and Center for Epigenomics, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - A W Wolkoff
- Department of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases), Bronx, NY, USA
- Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - A Verma
- Department of Medicine (Oncology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - J M Greally
- Department of Genetics and Center for Epigenomics, Bronx, NY, USA
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx NY 10461, USA. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
243
|
Song CQ, Li Y, Mou H, Moore J, Park A, Pomyen Y, Hough S, Kennedy Z, Fischer A, Yin H, Anderson DG, Conte D, Zender L, Wang XW, Thorgeirsson S, Weng Z, Xue W. Genome-Wide CRISPR Screen Identifies Regulators of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase as Suppressors of Liver Tumors in Mice. Gastroenterology 2017; 152:1161-1173.e1. [PMID: 27956228 PMCID: PMC6204228 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS It has been a challenge to identify liver tumor suppressors or oncogenes due to the genetic heterogeneity of these tumors. We performed a genome-wide screen to identify suppressors of liver tumor formation in mice, using CRISPR-mediated genome editing. METHODS We performed a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9-based knockout screen of P53-null mouse embryonic liver progenitor cells that overexpressed MYC. We infected p53-/-;Myc;Cas9 hepatocytes with the mGeCKOa lentiviral library of 67,000 single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs), targeting 20,611 mouse genes, and transplanted the transduced cells subcutaneously into nude mice. Within 1 month, all the mice that received the sgRNA library developed subcutaneous tumors. We performed high-throughput sequencing of tumor DNA and identified sgRNAs increased at least 8-fold compared to the initial cell pool. To validate the top 10 candidate tumor suppressors from this screen, we collected data from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using the Cancer Genome Atlas and COSMIC databases. We used CRISPR to inactivate candidate tumor suppressor genes in p53-/-;Myc;Cas9 cells and transplanted them subcutaneously into nude mice; tumor formation was monitored and tumors were analyzed by histology and immunohistochemistry. Mice with liver-specific disruption of p53 were given hydrodynamic tail-vein injections of plasmids encoding Myc and sgRNA/Cas9 designed to disrupt candidate tumor suppressors; growth of tumors and metastases was monitored. We compared gene expression profiles of liver cells with vs without tumor suppressor gene disrupted by sgRNA/Cas9. Genes found to be up-regulated after tumor suppressor loss were examined in liver cancer cell lines; their expression was knocked down using small hairpin RNAs, and tumor growth was examined in nude mice. Effects of the MEK inhibitors AZD6244, U0126, and trametinib, or the multi-kinase inhibitor sorafenib, were examined in human and mouse HCC cell lines. RESULTS We identified 4 candidate liver tumor suppressor genes not previously associated with liver cancer (Nf1, Plxnb1, Flrt2, and B9d1). CRISPR-mediated knockout of Nf1, a negative regulator of RAS, accelerated liver tumor formation in mice. Loss of Nf1 or activation of RAS up-regulated the liver progenitor cell markers HMGA2 and SOX9. RAS pathway inhibitors suppressed the activation of the Hmga2 and Sox9 genes that resulted from loss of Nf1 or oncogenic activation of RAS. Knockdown of HMGA2 delayed formation of xenograft tumors from cells that expressed oncogenic RAS. In human HCCs, low levels of NF1 messenger RNA or high levels of HMGA2 messenger RNA were associated with shorter patient survival time. Liver cancer cells with inactivation of Plxnb1, Flrt2, and B9d1 formed more tumors in mice and had increased levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Using a CRISPR-based strategy, we identified Nf1, Plxnb1, Flrt2, and B9d1 as suppressors of liver tumor formation. We validated the observation that RAS signaling, via mitogen-activated protein kinase, contributes to formation of liver tumors in mice. We associated decreased levels of NF1 and increased levels of its downstream protein HMGA2 with survival times of patients with HCC. Strategies to inhibit or reduce HMGA2 might be developed to treat patients with liver cancer.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Benzimidazoles/pharmacology
- Blotting, Western
- Butadienes/pharmacology
- CRISPR-Cas Systems
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytoskeletal Proteins
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Enzyme Inhibitors
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, Neurofibromatosis 1
- Genome-Wide Association Study
- HMGA Proteins/genetics
- HMGA2 Protein/genetics
- Hepatocytes/metabolism
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Nude
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Niacinamide/analogs & derivatives
- Niacinamide/pharmacology
- Nitriles/pharmacology
- Phenylurea Compounds/pharmacology
- Prognosis
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics
- Pyridones/pharmacology
- Pyrimidinones/pharmacology
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sorafenib
- Survival Analysis
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
- ras Proteins/genetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Qing Song
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Yingxiang Li
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts; Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiwei Mou
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Jill Moore
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Angela Park
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Yotsawat Pomyen
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Soren Hough
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Zachary Kennedy
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew Fischer
- Department of Pathology, UMass Memorial Medical Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Hao Yin
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel G Anderson
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Institute of Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Darryl Conte
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Lars Zender
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Department of Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Physiology I, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Xin Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Snorri Thorgeirsson
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Zhiping Weng
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts; Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wen Xue
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts; Program in Molecular Medicine and Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.
| |
Collapse
|
244
|
Lee G, Lee HY, Ko ES, Jeong WK. Radiomics and imaging genomics in precision medicine. PRECISION AND FUTURE MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.23838/pfm.2017.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
|
245
|
Bakiri L, Hamacher R, Graña O, Guío-Carrión A, Campos-Olivas R, Martinez L, Dienes HP, Thomsen MK, Hasenfuss SC, Wagner EF. Liver carcinogenesis by FOS-dependent inflammation and cholesterol dysregulation. J Exp Med 2017; 214:1387-1409. [PMID: 28356389 PMCID: PMC5413325 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular cancers arise in a background of liver damage and inflammation. Bakiri et al. describe the function of the transcription factor c-Fos/AP-1 using mouse models and human data. c-Fos affects cholesterol and bile acid metabolism and induces DNA damage and inflammation, thus promoting liver cancer. Human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), which arise on a background of chronic liver damage and inflammation, express c-Fos, a component of the AP-1 transcription factor. Using mouse models, we show that hepatocyte-specific deletion of c-Fos protects against diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced HCCs, whereas liver-specific c-Fos expression leads to reversible premalignant hepatocyte transformation and enhanced DEN-carcinogenesis. c-Fos–expressing livers display necrotic foci, immune cell infiltration, and altered hepatocyte morphology. Furthermore, increased proliferation, dedifferentiation, activation of the DNA damage response, and gene signatures of aggressive HCCs are observed. Mechanistically, c-Fos decreases expression and activity of the nuclear receptor LXRα, leading to increased hepatic cholesterol and accumulation of toxic oxysterols and bile acids. The phenotypic consequences of c-Fos expression are partially ameliorated by the anti-inflammatory drug sulindac and largely prevented by statin treatment. An inverse correlation between c-FOS and the LXRα pathway was also observed in human HCC cell lines and datasets. These findings provide a novel link between chronic inflammation and metabolic pathways important in liver cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Latifa Bakiri
- Genes, Development and Disease Group, Cancer Cell Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rainer Hamacher
- Genes, Development and Disease Group, Cancer Cell Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Osvaldo Graña
- Bioinformatics Unit, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Guío-Carrión
- Genes, Development and Disease Group, Cancer Cell Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón Campos-Olivas
- Spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Unit, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lola Martinez
- Flow Cytometry Core Unit, Biotechnology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hans P Dienes
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin K Thomsen
- Department of Clinical Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sebastian C Hasenfuss
- Genes, Development and Disease Group, Cancer Cell Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Erwin F Wagner
- Genes, Development and Disease Group, Cancer Cell Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
246
|
Tamaki N, Kuno A, Matsuda A, Tsujikawa H, Yamazaki K, Yasui Y, Tsuchiya K, Nakanishi H, Itakura J, Korenaga M, Mizokami M, Kurosaki M, Sakamoto M, Narimatsu H, Izumi N. Serum Wisteria Floribunda Agglutinin-Positive Sialylated Mucin 1 as a Marker of Progenitor/Biliary Features in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:244. [PMID: 28325920 PMCID: PMC5428232 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00357-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Histological molecular classification of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is clinically important for predicting the prognosis. However, a reliable serum marker has not been established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum Wisteria Floribunda agglutinin-positive sialylated mucin 1 (WFA-sialylated MUC1), which is a novel biliary marker, as a marker of HCC with hepatic progenitor cell (HPC)/biliary features and of prognosis. A total of 144 consecutive patients who underwent complete radiofrequency ablation of primary HCC were enrolled. A serum WFA-sialylated MUC1 level of 900 μL/mL was determined as the optimal cutoff value for prediction of immunohistochemical staining for HPC/biliary features [sialylated MUC1 and cytokeratin 19 (CK19)]. Positive staining rate of sialylated MUC1 and CK19 was significantly higher in patients with WFA-sialylated MUC1 ≥900 than those with WFA-sialylated MUC1 <900. Furthermore, cumulative incidence of HCC recurrence was significantly higher in patients with WFA-sialylated MUC1 ≥900 and on multivariate analysis, serum WFA-sialylated MUC1 levels was an independent predictor of HCC recurrence. These results revealed that serum WFA-sialylated MUC1 was associated with histological feature of HCC and recurrence after curative therapy and it could be a novel marker of HPC/biliary features in HCC and of prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuharu Tamaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kuno
- Research Center for Medical Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Matsuda
- Research Center for Medical Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hanako Tsujikawa
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Yamazaki
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yasui
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Tsuchiya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakanishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Itakura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Korenaga
- Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masashi Mizokami
- Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kurosaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiie Sakamoto
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Narimatsu
- Research Center for Medical Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Namiki Izumi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
247
|
Suresh S, Durakoglugil D, Zhou X, Zhu B, Comerford SA, Xing C, Xie XJ, York B, O’Donnell KA. SRC-2-mediated coactivation of anti-tumorigenic target genes suppresses MYC-induced liver cancer. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006650. [PMID: 28273073 PMCID: PMC5362238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common solid tumor in the world and the third leading cause of cancer-associated deaths. A Sleeping Beauty-mediated transposon mutagenesis screen previously identified mutations that cooperate with MYC to accelerate liver tumorigenesis. This revealed a tumor suppressor role for Steroid Receptor Coactivator 2/Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 2 (Src-2/Ncoa2) in liver cancer. In contrast, SRC-2 promotes survival and metastasis in prostate cancer cells, suggesting a tissue-specific and context-dependent role for SRC-2 in tumorigenesis. To determine if genetic loss of SRC-2 is sufficient to accelerate MYC-mediated liver tumorigenesis, we bred Src-2-/- mice with a MYC-induced liver tumor model and observed a significant increase in liver tumor burden. RNA sequencing of liver tumors and in vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed a set of direct target genes that are bound by SRC-2 and exhibit downregulated expression in Src-2-/- liver tumors. We demonstrate that activation of SHP (Small Heterodimer Partner), DKK4 (Dickkopf-4), and CADM4 (Cell Adhesion Molecule 4) by SRC-2 suppresses tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo. These studies suggest that SRC-2 may exhibit oncogenic or tumor suppressor activity depending on the target genes and nuclear receptors that are expressed in distinct tissues and illuminate the mechanisms of tumor suppression by SRC-2 in liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shruthy Suresh
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Deniz Durakoglugil
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Xiaorong Zhou
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, China
| | - Bokai Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Sarah A. Comerford
- Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Chao Xing
- Department of Clinical Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Xian-Jin Xie
- Department of Clinical Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Brian York
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Kathryn A. O’Donnell
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
248
|
Sia D, Villanueva A, Friedman SL, Llovet JM. Liver Cancer Cell of Origin, Molecular Class, and Effects on Patient Prognosis. Gastroenterology 2017; 152:745-761. [PMID: 28043904 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 728] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Primary liver cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and therefore a major public health challenge. We review hypotheses of the cell of origin of liver tumorigenesis and clarify the classes of liver cancer based on molecular features and how they affect patient prognosis. Primary liver cancer comprises hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), and other rare tumors, notably fibrolamellar carcinoma and hepatoblastoma. The molecular and clinical features of HCC versus iCCA are distinct, but these conditions have overlapping risk factors and pathways of oncogenesis. A better understanding of the cell types originating liver cancer can aid in exploring molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis and therapeutic options. Molecular studies have identified adult hepatocytes as the cell of origin. These cells have been proposed to transform directly into HCC cells (via a sequence of genetic alterations), to dedifferentiate into hepatocyte precursor cells (which then become HCC cells that express progenitor cell markers), or to transdifferentiate into biliary-like cells (which give rise to iCCA). Alternatively, progenitor cells also give rise to HCCs and iCCAs with markers of progenitor cells. Advances in genome profiling and next-generation sequencing have led to the classification of HCCs based on molecular features and assigned them to categories such as proliferation-progenitor, proliferation-transforming growth factor β, and Wnt-catenin β1. iCCAs have been assigned to categories of proliferation and inflammation. Overall, proliferation subclasses are associated with a more aggressive phenotype and poor outcome of patients, although more specific signatures have refined our prognostic abilities. Analyses of genetic alterations have identified those that might be targeted therapeutically, such as fusions in the FGFR2 gene and mutations in genes encoding isocitrate dehydrogenases (in approximately 60% of iCCAs) or amplifications at 11q13 and 6p21 (in approximately 15% of HCCs). Further studies of these alterations are needed before they can be used as biomarkers in clinical decision making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Sia
- Mount Sinai Liver Cancer Program, Divisions of Liver Diseases, Hematology, and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Augusto Villanueva
- Mount Sinai Liver Cancer Program, Divisions of Liver Diseases, Hematology, and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Scott L Friedman
- Mount Sinai Liver Cancer Program, Divisions of Liver Diseases, Hematology, and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Josep M Llovet
- Mount Sinai Liver Cancer Program, Divisions of Liver Diseases, Hematology, and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Liver Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, BCLC, Liver Unit, CIBEREHD, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
249
|
Liu XN, Yuan JH, Wang TT, Pan W, Sun SH. An alternative POLDIP3 transcript promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:276-283. [PMID: 28236701 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing plays critical roles in many pathophysiological processes and splicing dysregulation is a hallmark of cancer. The different isoforms may have significantly different effects on cancers. POLDIP3 is a target of ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1, and regulates DNA replication and mRNA translation. In this study, we measured the expression of an alternative POLDIP3 transcript (POLDIP3-β), which lacks exon 3 and 29 amine acids, in clinical hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues. The roles of POLDIP3-β on HCC cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration were assessed by Glo cell viability assays, Ethynyl deoxyuridine incorporation assays, colony formation assays, TUNEL assays, Annexin V-propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry, transwell assays, wound healing assays, and in vivo xenograft growth. Our results showed that POLDIP3-β was significantly upregulated in HCC tissues compared with paired adjacent noncancerous hepatic tissues. In vitro and in vivo functional experiments results demonstrated that overexpression of POLDIP3-β drastically increased HCC cell proliferation, inhibited HCC cell apoptosis, enhanced HCC cell migration, and promoted xenograft growth. While the effects of normal POLDIP3, which contains exon 3, were much weaker. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that an alternative transcript of POLDIP3 is upregulated and functions as a critical oncogene in HCC. Selectively targeting this isoform of POLDIP3 would be a promising therapeutic strategy for HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ning Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Second Military Medical University, No. 800 Xiang-Yin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ji-Hang Yuan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Second Military Medical University, No. 800 Xiang-Yin Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Tian-Tian Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Second Military Medical University, No. 800 Xiang-Yin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Second Military Medical University, No. 800 Xiang-Yin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shu-Han Sun
- Department of Medical Genetics, Second Military Medical University, No. 800 Xiang-Yin Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| |
Collapse
|
250
|
Transforming growth factor-β-induced plasticity causes a migratory stemness phenotype in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2017; 392:39-50. [PMID: 28161507 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As part of its potential pro-tumorigenic actions, Transforming Growth Factor-(TGF)-β induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Whether EMT induces changes in tumor cell plasticity has not been fully explored yet. Here, we analyze the effects of TGF-β on the EMT and stem-related properties of HCC cells and the potential correlation among those processes. The translational aim of the study was to propose a TGF-β/EMT/stem gene signature that would help in recognizing HCC patients as good candidates for anti-TGF-β therapy. Results indicate that when TGF-β induces EMT in HCC cells, a switch in the expression of stem genes is observed and their stemness potential and migratory/invasive capacity are enhanced. However, TGF-β may induce a partial EMT in some epithelial HCC cells, increasing the expression of mesenchymal genes and CD44, but maintaining epithelial gene expression. Epithelial cells show higher stemness potential than the mesenchymal ones, but respond to TGF-β increasing their migratory and invasive capacity. In HCC patient samples, TGFB1 expression most frequently correlates with a partial EMT, increase in mesenchymal genes and CD44 expression, as well as maintenance or over-expression of epithelial-related genes.
Collapse
|