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Sécher T, Guilleminault L, Reckamp K, Amanam I, Plantier L, Heuzé-Vourc'h N. Therapeutic antibodies: A new era in the treatment of respiratory diseases? Pharmacol Ther 2018; 189:149-172. [PMID: 29730443 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases affect millions of people worldwide, and account for significant levels of disability and mortality. The treatment of lung cancer and asthma with therapeutic antibodies (Abs) is a breakthrough that opens up new paradigms for the management of respiratory diseases. Antibodies are becoming increasingly important in respiratory medicine; dozens of Abs have received marketing approval, and many more are currently in clinical development. Most of these Abs target asthma, lung cancer and respiratory infections, while very few target chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - one of the most common non-communicable causes of death - and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Here, we review Abs approved for or in clinical development for the treatment of respiratory diseases. We notably highlight their molecular mechanisms, strengths, and likely future trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sécher
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - L Guilleminault
- Pôle des Voies respiratoires, Hôpital Larrey, CHU de Toulouse, F-31059 Toulouse, France; STROMALab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS ERL 5311, EFS, INP-ENVT, Inserm, UPS, F-31013 Toulouse, France
| | - K Reckamp
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - I Amanam
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - L Plantier
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37032 Tours, France; CHRU de Tours, Service de Pneumologie, F-37000 Tours, France
| | - N Heuzé-Vourc'h
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37032 Tours, France.
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202
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Schaefer JV, Sedlák E, Kast F, Nemergut M, Plückthun A. Modification of the kinetic stability of immunoglobulin G by solvent additives. MAbs 2018. [PMID: 29537925 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1450126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biophysical properties of antibody-based biopharmaceuticals are a critical part of their release criteria. In this context, finding the appropriate formulation is equally important as optimizing their intrinsic biophysical properties through protein engineering, and both are mutually dependent. Most previous studies have empirically tested the impact of additives on measures of colloidal stability, while mechanistic aspects have usually been limited to only the thermodynamic stability of the protein. Here we emphasize the kinetic impact of additives on the irreversible denaturation steps of immunoglobulins G (IgG) and their antigen-binding fragments (Fabs), as these are the key committed steps preceding aggregation, and thus especially informative in elucidating the molecular parameters of activity loss. We examined the effects of ten additives on the conformational kinetic stability by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), using a recently developed three-step model containing both reversible and irreversible steps. The data highlight and help to rationalize different effects of the additives on the properties of full-length IgG, analyzed by onset and aggregation temperatures as well as by kinetic parameters derived from our model. Our results further help to explain the observation that stabilizing mutations in the antigen-binding fragment (Fab) significantly affect the kinetic parameters of its thermal denaturation, but not the aggregation properties of the full-length IgGs. We show that the proper analysis of DSC scans for full-length IgGs and their corresponding Fabs not only helps in ranking their stability in different formats and formulations, but provides important mechanistic insights for improving the conformational kinetic stability of IgGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas V Schaefer
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Erik Sedlák
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich , Switzerland.,b Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, P.J. Šafárik University , Jesenná 5, Košice , Slovakia
| | - Florian Kast
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Michal Nemergut
- c Department of Biophysics , P.J. Šafárik University , Jesenná 5, Košice , Slovakia
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich , Switzerland
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203
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Sioud M, Westby P, Vasovic V, Fløisand Y, Peng Q. Development of a new high-affinity human antibody with antitumor activity against solid and blood malignancies. FASEB J 2018; 32:5063-5077. [PMID: 29913558 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701544r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
mAbs have emerged as a promising strategy for the treatment of cancer. However, in several malignancies, no effective antitumor mAbs are yet available. Identifying therapeutic mAbs that recognize common tumor antigens could render the treatment widely applicable. Here, a human single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody library was sequentially affinity selected against a panel of human cancer cell lines and an antibody fragment (named MS5) that bound to solid and blood cancer cells was identified. The MS5 scFv was fused to the human IgG1 Fc domain to generate an antibody (MS5-Fc fusion) that induced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and phagocytosis of cancer cells by macrophages. In addition, the MS5-Fc antibody bound to primary leukemia cells and induced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. In the majority of analyzed cancer cells, the MS5-Fc antibody induced cell surface redistribution of the receptor complexes, but not internalization, thus maximizing the accessibility of the IgG1 Fc domain to immune effector cells. In vitro stability studies showed that the MS5-Fc antibody was stable after 6 d of incubation in human serum, retaining ∼60% of its initial intact form. After intravenous injections, the antibody localized into tumor tissues and inhibited the growth of 3 different human tumor xenografts (breast, lymphoma, and leukemia). These antitumor effects were associated with tumor infiltration by macrophages and NK cells. In the Ramos B-cell lymphoma xenograft model, the MS5-Fc antibody exhibited a comparable antitumor effect as rituximab, a chimeric anti-CD20 IgG1 mAb. These results indicate that human antibodies with pan-cancer abilities can be generated from phage display libraries, and that the engineered MS5-Fc antibody could be an attractive agent for further clinical investigation.-Sioud, M., Westby, P., Vasovic, V., Fløisand, Y., Peng, Q. Development of a new high-affinity human antibody with antitumor activity against solid and blood malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouldy Sioud
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet, University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Phuong Westby
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet, University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vlada Vasovic
- Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet, University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; and
| | - Yngvar Fløisand
- Department of Hematology, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet, University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Qian Peng
- Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet, University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; and
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204
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Stoll DR, Harmes DC, Staples GO, Potter OG, Dammann CT, Guillarme D, Beck A. Development of Comprehensive Online Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Using Hydrophilic Interaction and Reversed-Phase Separations for Rapid and Deep Profiling of Therapeutic Antibodies. Anal Chem 2018; 90:5923-5929. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dwight R. Stoll
- Department of Chemistry, Gustavus Adolphus College, St. Peter, Minnesota 56082, United States
| | - David C. Harmes
- Department of Chemistry, Gustavus Adolphus College, St. Peter, Minnesota 56082, United States
| | | | - Oscar G. Potter
- Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, California 95051, United States
| | - Carston T. Dammann
- Department of Chemistry, Gustavus Adolphus College, St. Peter, Minnesota 56082, United States
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Geneva and University of Lausanne, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1206 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Alain Beck
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Center of Immunology, Pierre Fabre, 5, Avenue Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74160 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
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205
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Wang Q, Chung CY, Chough S, Betenbaugh MJ. Antibody glycoengineering strategies in mammalian cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:1378-1393. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore Maryland
| | - Cheng-Yu Chung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore Maryland
| | - Sandra Chough
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore Maryland
| | - Michael J. Betenbaugh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore Maryland
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206
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Lenz S, Horx P, Geyer A. The stereodynamics of macrocyclic succinimide-thioethers. J Pept Sci 2018; 24:e3075. [PMID: 29582500 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Maleimide-thiol coupling is a popular bioconjugation strategy, but little is known about the stereoselectivity and the stereodynamics of the succinimide thioether formed in a biopolymer environment. We used thiol 1,4-addition for the macrocyclisation of 5 designed pentapeptides with the ringsize of hexapeptides because they incorporate the succinimide thioether (4-8). Both succinimide diastereomers are observed in the constrained macrocyclic rings in each case. In spite of the low diastereoselectivity of the macrocyclisation reaction, there is a significant influence of the amino acid environment on the epimerization rate of the succinimide. Its half life can be as short as several hours at room temperature when Gly is the amino acid following the succinimide (peptide 8). On the contrary, no epimerization is detectable even after several weeks in the case of d-Phe C-terminal to the succinimide in peptide 4. Already the small selection of examples shows how big the differences in epimerization rates can be and that the local environment has a significant influence. The variation of amino acids in the vicinity of the ligation site points the way towards the synthesis of bioconjugates which are obtained as stable and separable diastereomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Lenz
- Institute of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Philip Horx
- Institute of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Armin Geyer
- Institute of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße, 35032, Marburg, Germany
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207
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Degli Esposti L, Carella F, Adamiano A, Tampieri A, Iafisco M. Calcium phosphate-based nanosystems for advanced targeted nanomedicine. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2018. [PMID: 29528248 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2018.1451879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic calcium phosphates (CaPs) are the most widely accepted bioceramics for the repair and reconstruction of bone tissue defects. The recent advancements in materials science have prompted a rapid progress in the preparation of CaPs with nanometric dimensions, tailored surface characteristics, and colloidal stability opening new perspectives in their use for applications not strictly related to bone. In particular, the employment of CaPs nanoparticles as carriers of therapeutic and imaging agents has recently raised great interest in nanomedicine. CaPs nanoparticles, as well as other kinds of nanoparticles, can be engineered to specifically target the site of the disease (cells or organs), thus minimizing their dispersion in the body and undesired organism-nanoparticles interactions. The most promising and efficient approach to improve their specificity is the 'active targeting', where nanoparticles are conjugated with a targeting moiety able to recognize and bind with high efficacy and selectivity to receptors that are highly expressed only in the therapeutic site. The aim of this review is to give an overview on advanced targeted nanomedicine with a focus on the most recent reports on CaP nanoparticles-based systems, specifically designed for the active targeting. The distinctive characteristics of CaP nanoparticles with respect to the other kinds of nanomaterials used in nanomedicine are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Degli Esposti
- a Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC), National Research Council (CNR) , Faenza , Italy
| | - Francesca Carella
- a Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC), National Research Council (CNR) , Faenza , Italy
| | - Alessio Adamiano
- a Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC), National Research Council (CNR) , Faenza , Italy
| | - Anna Tampieri
- a Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC), National Research Council (CNR) , Faenza , Italy
| | - Michele Iafisco
- a Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC), National Research Council (CNR) , Faenza , Italy
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208
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Ishii T, Ruiz-Torruella M, Ikeda A, Shindo S, Movila A, Mawardi H, Albassam A, Kayal RA, Al-Dharrab AA, Egashira K, Wisitrasameewong W, Yamamoto K, Mira AI, Sueishi K, Han X, Taubman MA, Miyamoto T, Kawai T. OC-STAMP promotes osteoclast fusion for pathogenic bone resorption in periodontitis via up-regulation of permissive fusogen CD9. FASEB J 2018. [PMID: 29533736 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701424r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell fusion-mediated formation of multinuclear osteoclasts (OCs) plays a key role in bone resorption. It is reported that 2 unique OC-specific fusogens [ i.e., OC-stimulatory transmembrane protein (OC-STAMP) and dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP)], and permissive fusogen CD9, are involved in OC fusion. In contrast to DC-STAMP-knockout (KO) mice, which show the osteopetrotic phenotype, OC-STAMP-KO mice show no difference in systemic bone mineral density. Nonetheless, according to the ligature-induced periodontitis model, significantly lower level of bone resorption was found in OC-STAMP-KO mice compared to WT mice. Anti-OC-STAMP-neutralizing mAb down-modulated in vitro: 1) the emergence of large multinuclear tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive cells, 2) pit formation, and 3) mRNA and protein expression of CD9, but not DC-STAMP, in receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-stimulated OC precursor cells (OCps). While anti-DC-STAMP-mAb also down-regulated RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro, it had no effect on CD9 expression. In our mouse model, systemic administration of anti-OC-STAMP-mAb suppressed the expression of CD9 mRNA, but not DC-STAMP mRNA, in periodontal tissue, along with diminished alveolar bone loss and reduced emergence of CD9+ OCps and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinuclear OCs. The present study demonstrated that OC-STAMP partners CD9 to promote periodontal bone destruction by up-regulation of fusion during osteoclastogenesis, suggesting that anti-OC-STAMP-mAb may lead to the development of a novel therapeutic regimen for periodontitis.-Ishii, T., Ruiz-Torruella, M., Ikeda, A., Shindo, S., Movila, A., Mawardi, H., Albassam, A., Kayal, R. A., Al-Dharrab, A. A., Egashira, K., Wisitrasameewong, W., Yamamoto, K., Mira, A. I., Sueishi, K., Han, X., Taubman, M. A., Miyamoto, T., Kawai, T. OC-STAMP promotes osteoclast fusion for pathogenic bone resorption in periodontitis via up-regulation of permissive fusogen CD9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takenobu Ishii
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Orthodontics, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Montserrat Ruiz-Torruella
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Atsushi Ikeda
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Satoru Shindo
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexandru Movila
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hani Mawardi
- Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Albassam
- Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rayyan A Kayal
- Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Kenji Egashira
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, Odawara, Japan
| | | | - Kenta Yamamoto
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Abdulghani I Mira
- Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Xiaozhe Han
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Martin A Taubman
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Takeshi Miyamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Toshihisa Kawai
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
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209
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Lin LK, Uzunoglu A, Stanciu LA. Aminolated and Thiolated PEG-Covered Gold Nanoparticles with High Stability and Antiaggregation for Lateral Flow Detection of Bisphenol A. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:1702828. [PMID: 29280330 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201702828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The few lateral flow assays (LFAs) established for detecting the endocrine disrupting chemical bisphenol A (BPA) have employed citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles (GNPs), which have inevitable limitations and instability issues. To address these limitations, a more stable and more sensitive biosensor is developed by designing strategies for modifying the surfaces of GNPs with polyethylene glycol and then testing their effectiveness and sensitivity toward BPA in an LFA. Without the application of any enhancement strategy, this modified BPA LFA can achieve a naked-eye limit of detection (LOD) of 0.8 ng mL-1 , which is 12.5 times better than the LOD of regular BPA LFAs, and a quantitative LOD of 0.472 ng mL-1 . This modified LFA has the potential to be applied to the detection of various antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Kai Lin
- School of Materials Engineering, Neil Armstrong Hall of Engineering Purdue University, 701 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2045, USA
| | - Aytekin Uzunoglu
- School of Materials Engineering, Neil Armstrong Hall of Engineering Purdue University, 701 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2045, USA
| | - Lia A Stanciu
- School of Materials Engineering, Neil Armstrong Hall of Engineering Purdue University, 701 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2045, USA
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210
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Ye Y, Yu J, Wen D, Kahkoska AR, Gu Z. Polymeric microneedles for transdermal protein delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 127:106-118. [PMID: 29408182 PMCID: PMC6020694 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The intrinsic properties of therapeutic proteins generally present a major impediment for transdermal delivery, including their relatively large molecule size and susceptibility to degradation. One solution is to utilize microneedles (MNs), which are capable of painlessly traversing the stratum corneum and directly translocating protein drugs into the systematic circulation. MNs can be designed to incorporate appropriate structural materials as well as therapeutics or formulations with tailored physicochemical properties. This platform technique has been applied to deliver drugs both locally and systemically in applications ranging from vaccination to diabetes and cancer therapy. This review surveys the current design and use of polymeric MNs for transdermal protein delivery. The clinical potential and future translation of MNs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Ye
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jicheng Yu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Di Wen
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Anna R Kahkoska
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Zhen Gu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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211
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Mobergslien A, Peng Q, Vasovic V, Sioud M. Cancer cell-binding peptide fused Fc domain activates immune effector cells and blocks tumor growth. Oncotarget 2018; 7:75940-75953. [PMID: 27713158 PMCID: PMC5342789 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic strategies aiming at mobilizing immune effector cells to kill tumor cells independent of tumor mutational load and MHC expression status are expected to benefit cancer patients. Recently, we engineered various peptide-Fc fusion proteins for directing Fcg receptor-bearing immune cells toward tumor cells. Here, we investigated the immunostimulatory and anti-tumor effects of one of the engineered Fc fusion proteins (WN-Fc). In contrast to the Fc control, soluble WN-Fc-1 fusion protein activated innate immune cells (e.g. monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, NK cells), resulting in cytokine production and surface display of the lytic granule marker CD107a on NK cells. An engineered Fc-fusion variant carrying two peptide sequences (WN-Fc-2) also activated immune cells and bound to various cancer cell types with high affinity, including the murine 4T1 breast carcinoma cells. When injected into 4T1 tumor-bearing BALB/c mice, both peptide-Fc fusions accumulated in tumor tissues as compared to other organs such as the lungs. Moreover, treatment of 4T1 tumor-bearing BALB/c mice by means of two intravenous injections of the WN-Fc fusion proteins inhibited tumor growth with WN-Fc-2 being more effective than WN-Fc-1. Treatment resulted in tumor infiltration by T cells and NK cells. These new engineered WN-Fc fusion proteins may be a promising alternative to existing immunotherapies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Mobergslien
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Qian Peng
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Vlada Vasovic
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mouldy Sioud
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
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212
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The Placental Barrier: the Gate and the Fate in Drug Distribution. Pharm Res 2018; 35:71. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2286-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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213
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Schumacher D, Helma J, Schneider AFL, Leonhardt H, Hackenberger CPR. Nanobodies: Chemical Functionalization Strategies and Intracellular Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:2314-2333. [PMID: 28913971 PMCID: PMC5838514 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201708459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanobodies can be seen as next-generation tools for the recognition and modulation of antigens that are inaccessible to conventional antibodies. Due to their compact structure and high stability, nanobodies see frequent usage in basic research, and their chemical functionalization opens the way towards promising diagnostic and therapeutic applications. In this Review, central aspects of nanobody functionalization are presented, together with selected applications. While early conjugation strategies relied on the random modification of natural amino acids, more recent studies have focused on the site-specific attachment of functional moieties. Such techniques include chemoenzymatic approaches, expressed protein ligation, and amber suppression in combination with bioorthogonal modification strategies. Recent applications range from sophisticated imaging and mass spectrometry to the delivery of nanobodies into living cells for the visualization and manipulation of intracellular antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Schumacher
- Chemical Biology, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare, Pharmakologie and Department of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- Department of Biology IILudwig Maximilians Universität München und Center for Integrated Protein Science MunichMartinsriedGermany
| | - Jonas Helma
- Department of Biology IILudwig Maximilians Universität München und Center for Integrated Protein Science MunichMartinsriedGermany
| | - Anselm F. L. Schneider
- Chemical Biology, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare, Pharmakologie and Department of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Heinrich Leonhardt
- Department of Biology IILudwig Maximilians Universität München und Center for Integrated Protein Science MunichMartinsriedGermany
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214
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Mayrhofer P, Kunert R. Cloning of Single-Chain Antibody Variants by Overlap-Extension PCR for Evaluation of Antibody Expression in Transient Gene Expression. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1603:57-69. [PMID: 28493123 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6972-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Single-chain fragment variable-fragment crystallizable antibody constructs (scFv-Fc) are homodimeric proteins representing valuable alternatives to heterotetrameric full-length IgG molecules to study protein properties and product-dependent cellular behavior. In contrast to naturally occurring antibodies, these artificial molecules are assembled from functional antibody domains to reduce molecule complexity and enhance antibody expression levels. The scFv-Fc format retains critical antibody functions such as antigen binding affinity and antibody effector functions. Here, we present a protocol to convert the full-length anti-HIV-1 IgG1 antibody 2F5 into a scFv-Fc construct. Variable and constant regions are amplified by conventional PCR reactions and assembled by a single overlap-extension PCR reaction. The amplified product is then cloned into a mammalian expression vector suitable for high-titer transient gene expression. This workflow can be applied to any antibody sequence by adapting the specific primer sequences to the antibody of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Mayrhofer
- Department of Biotechnology, Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences-Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Kunert
- Department of Biotechnology, Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences-Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria.
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215
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Amornwachirabodee K, Tantimekin N, Pan-In P, Palaga T, Pienpinijtham P, Pipattanaboon C, Sukmanee T, Ritprajak P, Charoenpat P, Pitaksajjakul P, Ramasoota P, Wanichwecharungruang S. Oxidized Carbon Black: Preparation, Characterization and Application in Antibody Delivery across Cell Membrane. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2489. [PMID: 29410523 PMCID: PMC5802750 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20650-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulating biomolecular networks in cells with peptides and proteins has become a promising therapeutic strategy and effective biological tools. A simple and effective reagent that can bring functional proteins into cells can increase efficacy and allow more investigations. Here we show that the relatively non-toxic and non-immunogenic oxidized carbon black particles (OCBs) prepared from commercially available carbon black can deliver a 300 kDa protein directly into cells, without an involvement of a cellular endocytosis. Experiments with cell-sized liposomes indicate that OCBs directly interact with phospholipids and induce membrane leakages. Delivery of human monoclonal antibodies (HuMAbs, 150 kDa) with specific affinity towards dengue viruses (DENV) into DENV-infected Vero cells by OCBs results in HuMAbs distribution all over cells' interior and effective viral neutralization. An ability of OCBs to deliver big functional/therapeutic proteins into cells should open doors for more protein drug investigations and new levels of antibody therapies and biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittima Amornwachirabodee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Nattapol Tantimekin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Porntip Pan-In
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Nanotec-Chulalongkorn University Center of Excellence on Food and Agriculture, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tanapat Palaga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Prompong Pienpinijtham
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Chonlatip Pipattanaboon
- Center of Excellence for Antibody Research, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Thanyada Sukmanee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Patcharee Ritprajak
- Department of Microbiology, and RU in Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Promchat Charoenpat
- Department of Microbiology, and RU in Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Pannamthip Pitaksajjakul
- Center of Excellence for Antibody Research, and Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Pongrama Ramasoota
- Center of Excellence for Antibody Research, and Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Supason Wanichwecharungruang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. .,Center of Excellence in Materials and Bio-Interfaces, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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216
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Rokuda M, Matsumaru N, Tsukamoto K. Identification of Drug Characteristics for Implementing Multiregional Clinical Trials Including Japan. Clin Ther 2018; 40:284-295. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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217
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Schumacher D, Helma J, Schneider AFL, Leonhardt H, Hackenberger CPR. Nanobodys: Strategien zur chemischen Funktionalisierung und intrazelluläre Anwendungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201708459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Schumacher
- Chemische Biologie, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie; Institut für Chemie; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Berlin Deutschland
- Department Biologie II; Ludwig Maximilians Universität München und Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich; Martinsried Deutschland
| | - Jonas Helma
- Department Biologie II; Ludwig Maximilians Universität München und Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich; Martinsried Deutschland
| | - Anselm F. L. Schneider
- Chemische Biologie, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie; Institut für Chemie; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Berlin Deutschland
| | - Heinrich Leonhardt
- Department Biologie II; Ludwig Maximilians Universität München und Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich; Martinsried Deutschland
| | - Christian P. R. Hackenberger
- Chemische Biologie, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie; Institut für Chemie; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Berlin Deutschland
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218
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TODOROKI K, YAMADA T, MIZUNO H, TOYO’OKA T. Current Mass Spectrometric Tools for the Bioanalyses of Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies and Antibody-Drug Conjugates. ANAL SCI 2018; 34:397-406. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.17r003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro TODOROKI
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Tomohiro YAMADA
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Hajime MIZUNO
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Toshimasa TOYO’OKA
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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219
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Källsten M, Hartmann R, Artemenko K, Lind SB, Lehmann F, Bergquist J. Qualitative analysis of antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs): an experimental comparison of analytical techniques of cysteine-linked ADCs. Analyst 2018; 143:5487-5496. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an01178h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Four different cysteine linked antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) consisting of Trastuzumab-vc-MMAE were analysed with four common analytical techniques with respect to drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) and molecular weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Källsten
- Department of Chemistry-BMC
- Analytical Chemistry
- Uppsala University
- Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Rafael Hartmann
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- BMC
- Uppsala University
- SE-751 23 Uppsala
| | | | - Sara Bergström Lind
- Department of Chemistry-BMC
- Analytical Chemistry
- Uppsala University
- Uppsala
- Sweden
| | | | - Jonas Bergquist
- Department of Chemistry-BMC
- Analytical Chemistry
- Uppsala University
- Uppsala
- Sweden
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220
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Radhakrishnan D, Robinson AS, Ogunnaike BA. Controlling the Glycosylation Profile in mAbs Using Time-Dependent Media Supplementation. Antibodies (Basel) 2017; 7:E1. [PMID: 31544854 PMCID: PMC6698858 DOI: 10.3390/antib7010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to meet desired drug product quality targets, the glycosylation profile of biotherapeutics such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) must be maintained consistently during manufacturing. Achieving consistent glycan distribution profiles requires identifying factors that influence glycosylation, and manipulating them appropriately via well-designed control strategies. Now, the cell culture media supplement, MnCl2, is known to alter the glycosylation profile in mAbs generally, but its effect, particularly when introduced at different stages during cell growth, has yet to be investigated and quantified. In this study, we evaluate the effect of time-dependent addition of MnCl2 on the glycan profile quantitatively, using factorial design experiments. Our results show that MnCl2 addition during the lag and exponential phases affects the glycan profile significantly more than stationary phase supplementation does. Also, using a novel computational technique, we identify various combinations of glycan species that are affected by this dynamic media supplementation scheme, and quantify the effects mathematically. Our experiments demonstrate the importance of taking into consideration the time of addition of these trace supplements, not just their concentrations, and our computational analysis provides insight into what supplements to add, when, and how much, in order to induce desired changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesh Radhakrishnan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| | - Anne S Robinson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.
| | - Babatunde A Ogunnaike
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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221
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Wei B, Gunzner-Toste J, Yao H, Wang T, Wang J, Xu Z, Chen J, Wai J, Nonomiya J, Tsai SP, Chuh J, Kozak KR, Liu Y, Yu SF, Lau J, Li G, Phillips GD, Leipold D, Kamath A, Su D, Xu K, Eigenbrot C, Steinbacher S, Ohri R, Raab H, Staben LR, Zhao G, Flygare JA, Pillow TH, Verma V, Masterson LA, Howard PW, Safina B. Discovery of Peptidomimetic Antibody-Drug Conjugate Linkers with Enhanced Protease Specificity. J Med Chem 2017; 61:989-1000. [PMID: 29227683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have become an important therapeutic modality for oncology, with three approved by the FDA and over 60 others in clinical trials. Despite the progress, improvements in ADC therapeutic index are desired. Peptide-based ADC linkers that are cleaved by lysosomal proteases have shown sufficient stability in serum and effective payload-release in targeted cells. If the linker can be preferentially hydrolyzed by tumor-specific proteases, safety margin may improve. However, the use of peptide-based linkers limits our ability to modulate protease specificity. Here we report the structure-guided discovery of novel, nonpeptidic ADC linkers. We show that a cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxamide-containing linker is hydrolyzed predominantly by cathepsin B while the valine-citrulline dipeptide linker is not. ADCs bearing the nonpeptidic linker are as efficacious and stable in vivo as those with the dipeptide linker. Our results strongly support the application of the peptidomimetic linker and present new opportunities for improving the selectivity of ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- BinQing Wei
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Janet Gunzner-Toste
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Hui Yao
- WuXi AppTec , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Tao Wang
- WuXi AppTec , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Jing Wang
- WuXi AppTec , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Zijin Xu
- WuXi AppTec , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Jinhua Chen
- WuXi AppTec , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - John Wai
- WuXi AppTec , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Jim Nonomiya
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Siao Ping Tsai
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Josefa Chuh
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Katherine R Kozak
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yichin Liu
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Shang-Fan Yu
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jeff Lau
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Guangmin Li
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Gail D Phillips
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Doug Leipold
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Amrita Kamath
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Dian Su
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Keyang Xu
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Charles Eigenbrot
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Stefan Steinbacher
- Proteros Biostructures GmbH , Bunsenstrasse 7a, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Rachana Ohri
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Helga Raab
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Leanna R Staben
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Guiling Zhao
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - John A Flygare
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Thomas H Pillow
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Vishal Verma
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Luke A Masterson
- Spirogen, QMB Innovation Centre, 42 New Road, London E1 2AX, United Kingdom
| | - Philip W Howard
- Spirogen, QMB Innovation Centre, 42 New Road, London E1 2AX, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Safina
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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222
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Abstract
The ability to produce monoclonal antibodies with defined and distinct specificities has resulted in a vast spectrum of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies including bispecific antibodies (BsAbs). Several types of BsAbs have been produced but the most well-known of these are trispecific antibodies (TrAbs or TrioMabs) and bispecific T cell engager antibodies (BiTE). TrAbs have two variable segments for antigen binding and an Fc component to recruit immune cells. Catumaxomab is a TrAb that has orphan drug status from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for EpCam positive gastric and ovarian tumors and was previously approved by the European Medicinal Agency (EMA) for the same indication. One arm of catumaxomab binds to EpCAM, the other binds to CD3 on T cells and the Fc portion recruits immune cells. Catumaxomab is no longer being produced by the manufacturer due to logistic considerations and hence not available in the European market. Blinatumomab is a BiTE that comprises of two variable segments only with one arm binding to CD19 and the other binding to CD3. Blinatumomab has been approved for relapsed or refractory B-cell precursor ALL in adults and children by the FDA. There are over 50 bispecific antibodies currently on clinical trials for various malignancies and the hope is that in the future many of these, with better understanding of principles and techniques of production, will provide treatment options for many different types of cancer.
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223
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Kuprash DV, Garib FY, Nedospasov SA. Antibody-Based Drugs and Other Recombinant Proteins for Diagnostics and Therapy of Viral Infections, Autoimmune Diseases and Cancer. Mol Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893317060085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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224
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Du J, Cao Y, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Fu G, Zhang Y, Lu L, Luo X, Kim CH, Schultz PG, Wang F. Engineering Bifunctional Antibodies with Constant Region Fusion Architectures. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:18607-18615. [PMID: 29186655 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We report a method to generate bifunctional antibodies by grafting full-length proteins into constant region loops of a full-length antibody or an antigen-binding fragment (Fab). The fusion proteins retain the antigen binding activity of the parent antibody but have an additional activity associated with the protein insert. The engineered antibodies have excellent in vitro activity, physiochemical properties, and stability. Among these, a Her2 × CD3 bispecific antibody (BsAb) was constructed by inserting an anti-Her2 single-chain variable fragment (ScFv) into an anti-CD3 Fab. This bispecific antibody efficiently induces targeted cell lysis in the presence of effector cells at as low as sub-picomolar concentrations in vitro. Moreover, the Her2 × CD3 BsAb shows potent in vivo antitumor activity in mouse Her22+ and Her21+ xenograft models. These results demonstrate that insertion of a full-length protein into non-CDR loops of antibodies provides a feasible approach to generate multifunctional antibodies for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Du
- California Institute for Biomedical Research , 11119 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States.,Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Yan Liu
- California Institute for Biomedical Research , 11119 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Ying Wang
- California Institute for Biomedical Research , 11119 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Yong Zhang
- California Institute for Biomedical Research , 11119 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Guangsen Fu
- California Institute for Biomedical Research , 11119 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- California Institute for Biomedical Research , 11119 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Lucy Lu
- California Institute for Biomedical Research , 11119 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Xiaozhou Luo
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Chan Hyuk Kim
- California Institute for Biomedical Research , 11119 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Peter G Schultz
- California Institute for Biomedical Research , 11119 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States.,Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Feng Wang
- California Institute for Biomedical Research , 11119 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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225
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Thom G, Hatcher J, Hearn A, Paterson J, Rodrigo N, Beljean A, Gurrell I, Webster C. Isolation of blood-brain barrier-crossing antibodies from a phage display library by competitive elution and their ability to penetrate the central nervous system. MAbs 2017; 10:304-314. [PMID: 29182455 PMCID: PMC5825204 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2017.1409320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a formidable obstacle for delivery of biologic therapeutics to central nervous system (CNS) targets. Whilst the BBB prevents passage of the vast majority of molecules, it also selectively transports a wide variety of molecules required to maintain brain homeostasis. Receptor-mediated transcytosis is one example of a macromolecule transport system that is employed by cells of the BBB to supply essential proteins to the brain and which can be utilized to deliver biologic payloads, such as antibodies, across the BBB. In this study, we performed phage display selections on the mouse brain endothelial cell line, bEND.3, to enrich for antibody single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) that could compete for binding with a known BBB-crossing antibody fragment, FC5. A number of these scFvs were converted to IgGs and characterized for their ability to bind to mouse, rat and human brain endothelial cells, and subsequent ability to transport across the BBB. We demonstrated that these newly identified BBB-targeting IgGs had increased brain exposure when delivered peripherally in mice and were also able to transport a biologically active molecule, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), into the CNS. The antagonism of the interleukin-1 system within the CNS can result in the relief of neuropathic pain. We demonstrated that the BBB-targeting IgGs were able to elicit an analgesic response in a mouse model of nerve ligation-induced hypersensitivity when fused to IL-1RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Thom
- a Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune , Cambridge , UK
| | - Jon Hatcher
- b Neuroscience, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca , Cambridge , UK
| | - Arron Hearn
- a Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune , Cambridge , UK
| | - Judy Paterson
- a Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune , Cambridge , UK
| | - Natalia Rodrigo
- a Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune , Cambridge , UK
| | - Arthur Beljean
- a Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune , Cambridge , UK
| | - Ian Gurrell
- b Neuroscience, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca , Cambridge , UK
| | - Carl Webster
- a Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune , Cambridge , UK
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226
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Wang F, Porter M, Konstantopoulos A, Zhang P, Cui H. Preclinical development of drug delivery systems for paclitaxel-based cancer chemotherapy. J Control Release 2017; 267:100-118. [PMID: 28958854 PMCID: PMC5723209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Paclitaxel (PTX) is one of the most successful drugs ever used in cancer chemotherapy, acting against a variety of cancer types. Formulating PTX with Cremophor EL and ethanol (Taxol®) realized its clinical potential, but the formulation falls short of expectations due to side effects such as peripheral neuropathy, hypotension, and hypersensitivity. Abraxane®, the albumin bound PTX, represents a superior replacement of Taxol® that mitigates the side effects associated with Cremophor EL. While Abraxane® is now considered a gold standard in chemotherapy, its 21% response rate leaves much room for further improvement. The quest for safer and more effective cancer treatments has led to the development of a plethora of innovative PTX formulations, many of which are currently undergoing clinical trials. In this context, we review recent development of PTX drug delivery systems and analyze the design principles underpinning each delivery strategy. We chose several representative examples to highlight the opportunities and challenges of polymeric systems, lipid-based formulations, as well as prodrug strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feihu Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Michael Porter
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Alexandros Konstantopoulos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Honggang Cui
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Center for Nanomedicine, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States; Institute for NanoBiotechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.
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227
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Rowe JB, Cancel RA, Evangelous TD, Flynn RP, Pechenov S, Subramony JA, Zhang J, Wang Y. Metastability Gap in the Phase Diagram of Monoclonal IgG Antibody. Biophys J 2017; 113:1750-1756. [PMID: 29045869 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystallization of IgG antibodies has important applications in the fields of structural biology, biotechnology, and biopharmaceutics. However, a rational approach to crystallize antibodies is still lacking. In this work, we report a method to estimate the solubility of antibodies at various temperatures. We experimentally determined the full phase diagram of an IgG antibody. Using the full diagram, we examined the metastability gaps, i.e., the distance between the crystal solubility line and the liquid-liquid coexistence curve, of IgG antibodies. By comparing our results to the partial phase diagrams of other IgGs reported in literature, we found that IgG antibodies have similar metastability gaps. Thereby, we present an equation with two phenomenological parameters to predict the approximate location of the solubility line of IgG antibodies with respect to their liquid-liquid coexistence curves. We have previously shown that the coexistence curve of an antibody solution can be readily determined by the polyethylene glycol-induced liquid-liquid phase separation method. Combining the polyethylene glycol-induced liquid-liquid phase separation measurements and the phenomenological equation in this article, we provide a general and practical means to predict the thermodynamic conditions for crystallizing IgG antibodies in the solution environments of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob B Rowe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina
| | - Rachel A Cancel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina
| | - Tyler D Evangelous
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina
| | - Rhiannon P Flynn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina
| | | | | | | | - Ying Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina.
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228
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Arbabi-Ghahroudi M. Camelid Single-Domain Antibodies: Historical Perspective and Future Outlook. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1589. [PMID: 29209322 PMCID: PMC5701970 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tremendous effort has been expended over the past two and a half decades to understand many aspects of camelid heavy chain antibodies, from their biology, evolution, and immunogenetics to their potential applications in various fields of research and medicine. In this article, I present a historical perspective on the development of camelid single-domain antibodies (sdAbs or VHHs, also widely known as nanobodies) since their discovery and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these unique molecules in various areas of research, industry, and medicine. Commercialization of camelid sdAbs exploded in 2001 with a flurry of patents issued to the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) and later taken on by the Vlaams Interuniversitair Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB) and, after 2002, the VIB-founded spin-off company, Ablynx. While entrepreneurial spirit has certainly catalyzed the exploration of nanobodies as marketable products, IP restrictions may be partially responsible for the relatively long time span between the discovery of these biomolecules and their entry into the pharmaceutical market. It is now anticipated that the first VHH-based antibody drug, Caplacizumab, a bivalent anti-vWF antibody for treating rare blood clotting disorders, may be approved and commercialized in 2018 or shortly thereafter. This elusive first approval, along with the expiry of key patents, may substantially alter the scientific and biomedical landscape surrounding camelid sdAbs and pave the way for their emergence as mainstream biotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Arbabi-Ghahroudi
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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229
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Enhanced delivery of IL-1 receptor antagonist to the central nervous system as a novel anti-transferrin receptor-IL-1RA fusion reverses neuropathic mechanical hypersensitivity. Pain 2017; 158:660-668. [PMID: 28009628 PMCID: PMC5359788 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of an interleukin-1 antagonist across the blood–brain barrier results in analgesia in the Seltzer model of neuropathic pain. Neuropathic pain is a major unmet medical need, with only 30% to 35% of patients responding to the current standard of care. The discovery and development of novel therapeutics to address this unmet need have been hampered by poor target engagement, the selectivity of novel molecules, and limited access to the relevant compartments. Biological therapeutics, either monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or peptides, offer a solution to the challenge of specificity as the intrinsic selectivity of these kinds of molecules is significantly higher than traditional medicinal chemistry–derived approaches. The interleukin-1 receptor system within the spinal cord has been implicated in the amplification of pain signals, and its central antagonism provides relief of neuropathic pain. Targeting the IL-1 system in the spinal cord with biological drugs, however, raises the even greater challenge of delivery to the central compartment. Targeting the transferrin receptor with monoclonal antibodies has proved successful in traversing the endothelial cell–derived blood–brain barrier and delivering proteins to the central nervous system. In this study, we describe a novel construct exemplifying an engineered solution to overcome these challenges. We have generated a novel anti–transferrin receptor-interleukin-1 receptor antagonist fusion that transports to the central nervous system and delivers efficacy in a model of nerve ligation–induced hypersensitivity. Approaches such as these provide promise for novel and selective analgesics that target the central compartment.
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230
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Qu M, An B, Shen S, Zhang M, Shen X, Duan X, Balthasar JP, Qu J. Qualitative and quantitative characterization of protein biotherapeutics with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2017; 36:734-754. [PMID: 27097288 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, the advancement of liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS) techniques has enabled their broad application in protein characterization, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Owing to certain important merits of LC/MS techniques (e.g., high selectivity, flexibility, and rapid method development), LC/MS assays are often deemed as preferable alternatives to conventional methods (e.g., ligand-binding assays) for the analysis of protein biotherapeutics. At the discovery and development stages, LC/MS is generally employed for two purposes absolute quantification of protein biotherapeutics in biological samples and qualitative characterization of proteins. For absolute quantification of a target protein in bio-matrices, recent work has led to improvements in the efficiency of LC/MS method development, sample treatment, enrichment and digestion, and high-performance low-flow-LC separation. These advances have enhanced analytical sensitivity, specificity, and robustness. As to qualitative analysis, a range of techniques have been developed to characterize intramolecular disulfide bonds, glycosylation, charge variants, primary sequence heterogeneity, and the drug-to-antibody ratio of antibody drug conjugate (ADC), which has enabled a refined ability to assess product quality. In this review, we will focus on the discussion of technical challenges and strategies of LC/MS-based quantification and characterization of biotherapeutics, with the emphasis on the analysis of antibody-based biotherapeutics such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and ADCs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 36:734-754, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Qu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, 14203
| | - Bo An
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, 14203
| | - Shichen Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, 14203
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, 14203
| | - Xiaomeng Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, 14203
| | - Xiaotao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Joseph P Balthasar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214
| | - Jun Qu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, 14203
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231
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Swartz AR, Xu X, Traylor SJ, Li ZJ, Chen W. One‐step affinity capture and precipitation for improved purification of an industrial monoclonal antibody using Z‐ELP functionalized nanocages. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 115:423-432. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Swartz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of DelawareNewarkDelaware
| | - Xuankuo Xu
- Biologics Process DevelopmentBristol Myers SquibbDevensMassachusetts
| | - Steven J. Traylor
- Biologics Process DevelopmentBristol Myers SquibbDevensMassachusetts
| | - Zheng J. Li
- Biologics Process DevelopmentBristol Myers SquibbDevensMassachusetts
| | - Wilfred Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of DelawareNewarkDelaware
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232
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Packer MS, Rees HA, Liu DR. Phage-assisted continuous evolution of proteases with altered substrate specificity. Nat Commun 2017; 8:956. [PMID: 29038472 PMCID: PMC5643515 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01055-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we perform phage-assisted continuous evolution (PACE) of TEV protease, which canonically cleaves ENLYFQS, to cleave a very different target sequence, HPLVGHM, that is present in human IL-23. A protease emerging from ∼2500 generations of PACE contains 20 non-silent mutations, cleaves human IL-23 at the target peptide bond, and when pre-mixed with IL-23 in primary cultures of murine splenocytes inhibits IL-23-mediated immune signaling. We characterize the substrate specificity of this evolved enzyme, revealing shifted and broadened specificity changes at the six positions in which the target amino acid sequence differed. Mutational dissection and additional protease specificity profiling reveal the molecular basis of some of these changes. This work establishes the capability of changing the substrate specificity of a protease at many positions in a practical time scale and provides a foundation for the development of custom proteases that catalytically alter or destroy target proteins for biotechnological and therapeutic applications.Proteases are promising therapeutics to treat diseases such as hemophilia which are due to endogenous protease deficiency. Here the authors use phage-assisted continuous evolution to evolve a variant TEV protease with altered target peptide sequence specificities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Packer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,Graduate Program in Biophysics Program, Harvard University, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 75 Ames Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Holly A Rees
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 75 Ames Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - David R Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA. .,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 75 Ames Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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233
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Effects of N-Glycan Composition on Structure and Dynamics of IgG1 Fc and Their Implications for Antibody Engineering. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12659. [PMID: 28978918 PMCID: PMC5627252 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12830-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), a subclass of human serum antibodies, is the most widely used scaffold for developing monoclonal antibodies to treat human diseases. The composition of asparagine(N)297-linked glycans can modulate the binding affinity of IgG1 Fc to Fc γ receptors, but it is unclear how the structural modifications of N-glycan termini, which are distal from the binding interface, contribute to the affinity. Through atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of a series of sequentially truncated high-mannose IgG1 Fc glycoforms, we found that the C′E loop and the Cγ2-Cγ3 orientation are highly dynamic, and changes in N-glycan composition alter their conformational ensembles. High-mannose glycoform preferentially samples conformations that are more competent to FcγRIIIa binding, compared to the truncated glycoforms, suggesting a role of IgG1 Fc N-glycan in optimizing the interface with the Fc receptor for efficient binding. The trajectory analyses also reveal that the N-glycan has large amplitude motions and the carbohydrate moiety interconverts between Fc-bound and unbound forms, enabling enzymatic modification of the glycan termini.
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234
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Giorgetti J, D'Atri V, Canonge J, Lechner A, Guillarme D, Colas O, Wagner-Rousset E, Beck A, Leize-Wagner E, François YN. Monoclonal antibody N-glycosylation profiling using capillary electrophoresis - Mass spectrometry: Assessment and method validation. Talanta 2017; 178:530-537. [PMID: 29136858 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.09.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of therapeutic proteins represents a major challenge for analytical sciences due to their heterogeneity caused by post-translational modifications (PTM). Among these PTM, glycosylation which is possibly the most prominent, require comprehensive identification because of their major influence on protein structure and effector functions of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). As a consequence, glycosylation profiling must be deeply characterized. For this application, several analytical methods such as separation-based or MS-based methods, were evaluated. However, no CE-ESI-MS approach has been assessed and validated. Here, we illustrate how the use of CE-ESI-MS method permits the comprehensive characterization of mAbs N-glycosylation at the glycopeptide level to perform relative quantitation of N-glycan species. Validation of the CE-ESI-MS method in terms of robustness and reproducibility was demonstrated through the relative quantitation of glycosylation profiles for ten different mAbs produced in different cell lines. Glycosylation patterns obtained for each mAbs were compared to Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography of 2-aminobenzamide labelled glycans with fluorescence detector (HILIC-FD) analysis considered as a reference method. Very similar glycoprofiling were obtained with the CE-ESI-MS and HILIC-FD demonstrating the attractiveness of CE-ESI-MS method to characterize and quantify the glycosylation heterogeneity of a wide range of therapeutic mAbs with high accuracy and precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Giorgetti
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS), UMR 7140 (Unistra-CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Valentina D'Atri
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julie Canonge
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS), UMR 7140 (Unistra-CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Antony Lechner
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS), UMR 7140 (Unistra-CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Colas
- Centre d'immunologie Pierre Fabre, Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | | | - Alain Beck
- Centre d'immunologie Pierre Fabre, Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Emmanuelle Leize-Wagner
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS), UMR 7140 (Unistra-CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Yannis-Nicolas François
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS), UMR 7140 (Unistra-CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, France.
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235
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Wanner R, Breitsprecher D, Duhr S, Baaske P, Winter G. Thermo-Optical Protein Characterization for Straightforward Preformulation Development. J Pharm Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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236
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Bansal R, Dhawan S, Chattopadhyay S, Maurya GP, Haridas V, Rathore AS. Peptide Dendrons as Thermal-Stability Amplifiers for Immunoglobulin G1 Monoclonal Antibody Biotherapeutics. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:2549-2559. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Bansal
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sameer Dhawan
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Soumili Chattopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Govind P. Maurya
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - V. Haridas
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Anurag S. Rathore
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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237
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Goyon A, Excoffier M, Janin-Bussat MC, Bobaly B, Fekete S, Guillarme D, Beck A. Determination of isoelectric points and relative charge variants of 23 therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1065-1066:119-128. [PMID: 28961486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the popularity of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), data relative to their ionic physico-chemical properties are very scarce in the literature. In this work, isoelectric points (pIs) of 23 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) approved mAbs were determined by imaged capillary isoelectric focusing (icIEF), and ranged from 6.1 to 9.4. The obtained values were in good agreement with those calculated by both Vector NTI and MassLynx softwares. icIEF can therefore be considered as a reference technique for such a determination. The relative percentages of acidic and basic variants determined by cation exchange chromatography (CEX) using both salt- and pH-gradients were comprised between 15% and 30% for most mAbs and were in good agreement with each other, whereas generic icIEF seems to overestimate the amount of acidic charge variants in mAb products. To our knowledge, this is the first study focusing on the ionic properties of a wide range of FDA and EMA approved reference mAbs, using both generic chromatographic and electrophoretic methodologies. To illustrate the interest of the study for mAb developability purposes, ionic properties of a clinical mAb candidate (dalotuzumab) were also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Goyon
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Melissa Excoffier
- Center of Immunology Pierre Fabre, 5 Avenue Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74160 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Marie-Claire Janin-Bussat
- Center of Immunology Pierre Fabre, 5 Avenue Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74160 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Balazs Bobaly
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Szabolcs Fekete
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Alain Beck
- Center of Immunology Pierre Fabre, 5 Avenue Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74160 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
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238
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Terral G, Champion T, Debaene F, Colas O, Bourguet M, Wagner-Rousset E, Corvaia N, Beck A, Cianferani S. Epitope characterization of anti-JAM-A antibodies using orthogonal mass spectrometry and surface plasmon resonance approaches. MAbs 2017; 9:1317-1326. [PMID: 28933642 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2017.1380762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) is an adherens and tight junction protein expressed by endothelial and epithelial cells and associated with cancer progression. We present here the extensive characterization of immune complexes involving JAM-A antigen and three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), including hz6F4-2, a humanized version of anti-tumoral 6F4 mAb identified by a functional and proteomic approach in our laboratory. A specific workflow that combines orthogonal approaches has been designed to determine binding stoichiometries along with JAM-A epitope mapping determination at high resolution for these three mAbs. Native mass spectrometry experiments revealed different binding stoichiometries and affinities, with two molecules of JAM-A being able to bind to hz6F4-2 and F11 Fab, while only one JAM-A was bound to J10.4. Surface plasmon resonance indirect competitive binding assays suggested epitopes located in close proximity for hz6F4-2 and F11. Finally, hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry was used to precisely identify epitopes for all mAbs. The results obtained by orthogonal biophysical approaches showed a clear correlation between the determined epitopes and JAM-A binding characteristics, allowing the basis for molecular recognition of JAM-A by hz6F4-2 to be definitively established for the first time. Taken together, our results highlight the power of MS-based structural approaches for epitope mapping and mAb conformational characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Terral
- a Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178 , Strasbourg , France
| | - Thierry Champion
- b Centre d'Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF) , Saint-Julien-en-Genevois , France
| | - François Debaene
- a Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178 , Strasbourg , France
| | - Olivier Colas
- b Centre d'Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF) , Saint-Julien-en-Genevois , France
| | - Maxime Bourguet
- a Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178 , Strasbourg , France
| | - Elsa Wagner-Rousset
- b Centre d'Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF) , Saint-Julien-en-Genevois , France
| | - Nathalie Corvaia
- b Centre d'Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF) , Saint-Julien-en-Genevois , France
| | - Alain Beck
- b Centre d'Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF) , Saint-Julien-en-Genevois , France
| | - Sarah Cianferani
- a Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178 , Strasbourg , France
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239
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Yu J, Wang X, Xu T, Jin Q, Duan J, Wu J, Wu H, Xu T, Ye S. A rational approach to enhancing antibody Fc homodimer formation for robust production of antibody mixture in a single cell line. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:17885-17896. [PMID: 28878018 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.771188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Combinations of different antibodies have been shown to be more effective for managing certain diseases than monotherapy. Co-expression of the antibody mixture in a single cell line is key to reducing complexity during antibody development and manufacturing. However, co-transfection of multiple light and heavy chains into cells often leads to production of mismatched, heterodimeric by-products that are inactive, making the development of co-expression systems that robustly and efficiently produce highly active antibody mixtures a high priority. In this study, we modified the CH3 domain interface of the antibody fragment crystallizable (Fc) region by changing several charge pairs to create electrostatic interactions favoring Fc homodimer formation and disfavoring Fc heterodimer formation. When co-expressed, these modified antibodies with altered charge polarity across the Fc dimer interface preferentially formed homodimers that fully preserved the functions of each component, rather than inactive heterodimers whose formation was reduced because of rationally designed repulsive interactions. We designed eight different combinations and experimentally screened the best one, which enabled us to produce a binary antibody mixture against the EGF receptor with a minimal heterodimer contaminant. We further determined the crystal structure of a triple-mutated Fc variant in the best combination, and we elucidated the molecular interactions favoring Fc homodimer over heterodimer formation, which provided a structural basis for further optimization. The approach presented here demonstrates the feasibility of rational antibody modification for efficient and consistent production of monoclonal antibody mixtures in a single cell line and thus broadens our options for manufacturing more effective antibody-based therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- From the Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058 and
| | | | - Tao Xu
- Alphamab Co. Ltd., Suzhou 215125, China
| | - Qiuheng Jin
- From the Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058 and
| | - Jinyuan Duan
- From the Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058 and
| | - Jie Wu
- Alphamab Co. Ltd., Suzhou 215125, China
| | - Haiyan Wu
- Alphamab Co. Ltd., Suzhou 215125, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Alphamab Co. Ltd., Suzhou 215125, China
| | - Sheng Ye
- From the Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058 and
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240
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Liew PX, Kim JH, Lee WY, Kubes P. Antibody-dependent fragmentation is a newly identified mechanism of cell killing in vivo. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10515. [PMID: 28874772 PMCID: PMC5585239 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10420-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevailing view is that therapeutic antibodies deplete cells through opsonization and subsequent phagocytosis, complement-dependent lysis or antibody-dependent cellular-cytotoxicity. We used high resolution in vivo imaging to identify a new antibody-dependent cell death pathway where Kupffer cells ripped large fragments off crawling antibody-coated iNKT cells. This antibody-dependent fragmentation process resulted in lethality and depletion of crawling iNKT cells in the liver sinusoids and lung capillaries. iNKT cell depletion was Fcy-receptor dependent and required iNKT cell crawling. Blood, spleen or joint iNKT cells that did not crawl were not depleted. The antibody required high glycosylation for sufficiently strong binding of the iNKT cells to the Fc Receptors on Kupffer cells. Using an acetaminophen overdose model, this approach functionally depleted hepatic iNKT cells and affected the severity of liver injury. This study reveals a new mechanism of antibody-dependent killing in vivo and raises implications for the design of new antibodies for cancer and auto-reactive immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Xiong Liew
- Snyder institute of Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Jung Hwan Kim
- Snyder institute of Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Woo-Yong Lee
- Snyder institute of Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Paul Kubes
- Snyder institute of Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
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241
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242
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Nowak C, K Cheung J, M Dellatore S, Katiyar A, Bhat R, Sun J, Ponniah G, Neill A, Mason B, Beck A, Liu H. Forced degradation of recombinant monoclonal antibodies: A practical guide. MAbs 2017; 9:1217-1230. [PMID: 28853987 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2017.1368602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Forced degradation studies have become integral to the development of recombinant monoclonal antibody therapeutics by serving a variety of objectives from early stage manufacturability evaluation to supporting comparability assessments both pre- and post- marketing approval. This review summarizes the regulatory guidance scattered throughout different documents to highlight the expectations from various agencies such as the Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency. The various purposes for forced degradation studies, commonly used conditions and the major degradation pathways under each condition are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Nowak
- a Product Characterization, Alexion Pharmaceuticals , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Jason K Cheung
- b Sterile Formulation Sciences, MRL , Merck & Co., Inc. , Kenilworth , NJ, USA , USA
| | - Shara M Dellatore
- c Biologics and Vaccines Bioanalytics, MRL , Merck & Co., Inc. , Kenilworth , NJ , USA
| | - Amit Katiyar
- d Analytical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb , Pennington , NJ , USA
| | - Ram Bhat
- e Millennium Research laboratories , Woburn , MA , USA
| | - Joanne Sun
- f Product Development, Innovent Biologics , Suzhou Industrial Park, China
| | | | - Alyssa Neill
- a Product Characterization, Alexion Pharmaceuticals , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Bruce Mason
- a Product Characterization, Alexion Pharmaceuticals , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Alain Beck
- g Analytical Chemistry, NBEs, Center d'Immunology Pierre Fabre , Cedex , France
| | - Hongcheng Liu
- a Product Characterization, Alexion Pharmaceuticals , New Haven , CT , USA
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243
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Taylor AB, Zijlstra P. Single-Molecule Plasmon Sensing: Current Status and Future Prospects. ACS Sens 2017; 2:1103-1122. [PMID: 28762723 PMCID: PMC5573902 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Single-molecule detection has long relied on fluorescent labeling with high quantum-yield fluorophores. Plasmon-enhanced detection circumvents the need for labeling by allowing direct optical detection of weakly emitting and completely nonfluorescent species. This review focuses on recent advances in single molecule detection using plasmonic metal nanostructures as a sensing platform, particularly using a single particle-single molecule approach. In the past decade two mechanisms for plasmon-enhanced single-molecule detection have been demonstrated: (1) by plasmonically enhancing the emission of weakly fluorescent biomolecules, or (2) by monitoring shifts of the plasmon resonance induced by single-molecule interactions. We begin with a motivation regarding the importance of single molecule detection, and advantages plasmonic detection offers. We describe both detection mechanisms and discuss challenges and potential solutions. We finalize by highlighting the exciting possibilities in analytical chemistry and medical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam B. Taylor
- Molecular Biosensing for
Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Applied Physics, & Institute for
Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University
of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Zijlstra
- Molecular Biosensing for
Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Applied Physics, & Institute for
Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University
of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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244
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Efficient generation of bispecific IgG antibodies by split intein mediated protein trans-splicing system. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8360. [PMID: 28827777 PMCID: PMC5567192 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08641-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many methods have been developed to produce bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) for industrial application. However, huge challenges still remain in synthesizing whole length BsAbs, including their assembly, stability, immunogenicity, and pharmacodynamics. Here we present for first time a generic technology platform of generating bispecific IgG antibodies, “Bispecific Antibody by Protein Trans-splicing (BAPTS)”. Different from published methods, we assembled two parental antibody fragments in the hinge region by the protein trans-splicing reaction of a split intein to generate BsAbs without heavy/heavy and light/heavy chain mispairing. Utilizing this simple and efficient approach, there have been several BsAbs (CD3×HER2, CD3×EGFR, EGFR×HER2) synthesized to demonstrate its broad applicability. Correctly paired mAb arms were assembled to form BsAbs that were purified through protein A affinity chromatography to demonstrate industrial applicability at large scale. Further, the products were characterized through physical-biochemistry properties and biological activities to confirm expected quality of the products from “BAPTS”. More importantly, correct pairing was confirmed by mass spectrum. Proof-of-concept studies with CD3×HER2 BsAb (T-cell recruitment) demonstrated superior bioactivity compared with trastuzumab. The results of undetectable mispairing and high biological activity have indicated that this method has the potential to be utilized to manufacture BsAbs with high efficiency at industrial scale.
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245
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Kennedy PJ, Oliveira C, Granja PL, Sarmento B. Monoclonal antibodies: technologies for early discovery and engineering. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 38:394-408. [PMID: 28789584 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1357002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies are essential in modern life sciences biotechnology. Their architecture and diversity allow for high specificity and affinity to a wide array of biochemicals. Combining monoclonal antibody (mAb) technology with recombinant DNA and protein expression links antibody genotype with phenotype. Yet, the ability to select and screen for high affinity binders from recombinantly-displayed, combinatorial libraries unleashes the true power of mAbs and a flood of clinical applications. The identification of novel antibodies can be accomplished by a myriad of in vitro display technologies from the proven (e.g. phage) to the emerging (e.g. mammalian cell and cell-free) based on affinity binding as well as function. Lead candidates can be further engineered for increased affinity and half-life, reduced immunogenicity and/or enhanced manufacturing, and storage capabilities. This review begins with antibody biology and how the structure and genetic machinery relate to function, diversity, and in vivo affinity maturation and follows with the general requirements of (therapeutic) antibody discovery and engineering with an emphasis on in vitro display technologies. Throughout, we highlight where antibody biology inspires technology development and where high-throughput, "big data" and in silico strategies are playing an increasing role. Antibodies dominate the growing class of targeted therapeutics, alone or as bioconjugates. However, their versatility extends to research, diagnostics, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Kennedy
- a i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,b INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,c IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,d ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Carla Oliveira
- a i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,c IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Pedro L Granja
- a i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,b INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,d ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,e Departmento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais , FEUP - Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- a i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,b INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,f CESPU , Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde & Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde , Gandra , Portugal
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246
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Popov J, Gilabert-Oriol R, Bally MB. Unique therapeutic properties and preparation methodology of multivalent rituximab-lipid nanoparticles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 117:256-269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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247
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Vaidya KS, Oleksijew A, Tucker LA, Pappano WN, Anderson MG, Grinnell CM, Zhang Q, Heighton SJ, Mitten MJ, Mishra S, Palma JP, Wang J, Reilly EB, Boghaert ER. A "Prozone-Like" Effect Influences the Efficacy of the Monoclonal Antibody ABT-700 against the Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor. Pharmacology 2017; 100:229-242. [PMID: 28743107 DOI: 10.1159/000478663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
ABT-700 is a therapeutic antibody against the hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET). At doses or regimens that lead to exposures exceeding optimum in vivo, the efficacy of ABT-700 is unexpectedly reduced. We hypothesized that this reduction in efficacy was due to a "prozone-like" effect in vivo. A prozone-like effect, which is a reduction in efficacy beyond optimum exposure, is caused due a mechanism similar to the generation of false negative flocculation tests by excessive antibody titres. In vitro, we demonstrate that at higher ABT-700 concentrations, this "prozone-like" effect is mediated by a progressive conversion from bivalent to ineffective monovalent binding of the antibody. In vivo, the efficacy of ABT-700 is dependent on an optimum range of exposure as well. Our data suggest that the "prozone-like" effect is operative and independent of target expression. ABT-700 dose, regimen, exposure, and tumor burden are interdependent variables influencing the "prozone-like" effect and mediating and in vivo efficacy. By optimization of dosage and regimen we demonstrate that the "prozone-like" effect can be alleviated and ABT-700 efficacy at varying tumor loads can be further extended in combination with cisplatin. Our results suggest that optimization of exposure taking tumor burden into account may alleviate "prozone-like" effects without compromising efficacy.
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248
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Regl C, Wohlschlager T, Holzmann J, Huber CG. A Generic HPLC Method for Absolute Quantification of Oxidation in Monoclonal Antibodies and Fc-Fusion Proteins Using UV and MS Detection. Anal Chem 2017; 89:8391-8398. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christof Regl
- Department
of Molecular Biology, Division of Chemistry and Bioanalytics, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Strasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Christian
Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Strasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Therese Wohlschlager
- Department
of Molecular Biology, Division of Chemistry and Bioanalytics, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Strasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Christian
Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Strasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Johann Holzmann
- Christian
Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Strasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Technical
Development
Biosimilars, Physicochemical Characterization Kundl, Novartis BTDM,
Sandoz GmbH, Biochemiestrasse 10, 6250 Kundl, Austria
| | - Christian G. Huber
- Department
of Molecular Biology, Division of Chemistry and Bioanalytics, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Strasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Christian
Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Strasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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249
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Wang X, An Z, Luo W, Xia N, Zhao Q. Molecular and functional analysis of monoclonal antibodies in support of biologics development. Protein Cell 2017; 9:74-85. [PMID: 28733914 PMCID: PMC5777976 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-017-0447-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based therapeutics are playing an increasingly important role in the treatment or prevention of many important diseases such as cancers, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases. Multi-domain mAbs are far more complex than small molecule drugs with intrinsic heterogeneities. The critical quality attributes of a given mAb, including structure, post-translational modifications, and functions at biomolecular and cellular levels, need to be defined and profiled in details during the developmental phases of a biologics. These critical quality attributes, outlined in this review, serve an important database for defining the drug properties during commercial production phase as well as post licensure life cycle management. Specially, the molecular characterization, functional assessment, and effector function analysis of mAbs, are reviewed with respect to the critical parameters and the methods used for obtaining them. The three groups of analytical methods are three essential and integral facets making up the whole analytical package for a mAb-based drug. Such a package is critically important for the licensure and the post-licensure life cycle management of a therapeutic or prophylactic biologics. In addition, the basic principles on the evaluation of biosimilar mAbs were discussed briefly based on the recommendations by the World Health Organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361105, China
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Wenxin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361105, China.,School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361105, China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361105, China.,School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361105, China
| | - Qinjian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361105, China.
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250
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Li KS, Chen G, Mo J, Huang RYC, Deyanova EG, Beno BR, O’Neil SR, Tymiak AA, Gross ML. Orthogonal Mass Spectrometry-Based Footprinting for Epitope Mapping and Structural Characterization: The IL-6 Receptor upon Binding of Protein Therapeutics. Anal Chem 2017; 89:7742-7749. [PMID: 28621526 PMCID: PMC5549780 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Higher-order structure (HOS) is a crucial determinant for the biological functions and quality attributes of protein therapeutics. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based protein footprinting approaches play an important role in elucidating the relationship between protein biophysical properties and structure. Here, we describe the use of a combined method including hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX), fast photochemical oxidation of proteins (FPOP), and site-specific carboxyl group footprinting to investigate the HOS of protein and protein complexes. The work focuses on implementing complementary solution-phase footprinting approaches that differ in time scale, specificity for protein residue side chains vs backbone as well as selectivity for different residue types to map integratively the epitope of human interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) for two adnectins with distinct affinities (Kd, Adnectin1 ∼ 6.2 pM vs Kd, Adnectin2 ∼ 46 nM). Furthermore, the study evaluates the resultant conformation/dynamic change of IL-6R. The suggested epitope, which is conserved for adnectin1 and adnectin2 binding, is a flexible loop that connects two β-strands in the cytokine-binding domain (DII) of IL-6R. We also found that adnectin1, the more strongly binding ligand, induces structural perturbations on two unstructured loops that are distally located beyond the epitope. Those changes are either attenuated or not detected for the case of adnectin2 binding. In addition to providing credibility in epitope determination, utilization of those combined approaches reveals the structural effects that can differentiate protein therapeutics with apparently similar biophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Sherry Li
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Guodong Chen
- Bioanalytical and Discovery Analytical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Jingjie Mo
- Bioanalytical and Discovery Analytical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Richard Y-C Huang
- Bioanalytical and Discovery Analytical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Ekaterina G. Deyanova
- Bioanalytical and Discovery Analytical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Brett R. Beno
- Molecular Discovery Technologies, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, CT 06492, and Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Steve R. O’Neil
- Molecular Discovery Technologies, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, CT 06492, and Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Adrienne A. Tymiak
- Bioanalytical and Discovery Analytical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Michael L. Gross
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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