1
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Auger SA, Venkatachalapathy S, Suazo KFG, Wang Y, Sarkis AW, Bernhagen K, Justyna K, Schaefer JV, Wollack JW, Plückthun A, Li L, Distefano MD. Broadening the Utility of Farnesyltransferase-Catalyzed Protein Labeling Using Norbornene-Tetrazine Click Chemistry. Bioconjug Chem 2024. [PMID: 38654427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal chemistry has gained widespread use in the study of many biological systems of interest, including protein prenylation. Prenylation is a post-translational modification, in which one or two 15- or 20-carbon isoprenoid chains are transferred onto cysteine residues near the C-terminus of a target protein. The three main enzymes─protein farnesyltransferase (FTase), geranylgeranyl transferase I (GGTase I), and geranylgeranyl transferase II (GGTase II)─that catalyze this process have been shown to tolerate numerous structural modifications in the isoprenoid substrate. This feature has previously been exploited to transfer an array of farnesyl diphosphate analogues with a range of functionalities, including an alkyne-containing analogue for copper-catalyzed bioconjugation reactions. Reported here is the synthesis of an analogue of the isoprenoid substrate embedded with norbornene functionality (C10NorOPP) that can be used for an array of applications, ranging from metabolic labeling to selective protein modification. The probe was synthesized in seven steps with an overall yield of 7% and underwent an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction with tetrazine-containing tags, allowing for copper-free labeling of proteins. The use of C10NorOPP for the study of prenylation was explored in the metabolic labeling of prenylated proteins in HeLa, COS-7, and astrocyte cells. Furthermore, in HeLa cells, these modified prenylated proteins were identified and quantified using label-free quantification (LFQ) proteomics with 25 enriched prenylated proteins. Additionally, the unique chemistry of C10NorOPP was utilized for the construction of a multiprotein-polymer conjugate for the targeted labeling of cancer cells. That construct was prepared using a combination of norbornene-tetrazine conjugation and azide-alkyne cycloaddition, highlighting the utility of the additional degree of orthogonality for the facile assembly of new protein conjugates with novel structures and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby A Auger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota─Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Sneha Venkatachalapathy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota─Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Kiall Francis G Suazo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota─Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Yiao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota─Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Alexander W Sarkis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota─Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Kaitlyn Bernhagen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota─Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Katarzyna Justyna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota─Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jonas V Schaefer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - James W Wollack
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, St. Catherine University, 2004 Randolph Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55105, United States
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota─-Twin Cities, 2001 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Mark D Distefano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota─Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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2
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Ivanova JR, Benk AS, Schaefer JV, Dreier B, Hermann LO, Plückthun A, Missirlis D, Spatz JP. Designed Ankyrin Repeat Proteins as Actin Labels of Distinct Cytoskeletal Structures in Living Cells. ACS Nano 2024; 18:8919-8933. [PMID: 38489155 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The orchestrated assembly of actin and actin-binding proteins into cytoskeletal structures coordinates cell morphology changes during migration, cytokinesis, and adaptation to external stimuli. The accurate and unbiased visualization of the diverse actin assemblies within cells is an ongoing challenge. We describe here the identification and use of designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins) as synthetic actin binders. Actin-binding DARPins were identified through ribosome display and validated biochemically. When introduced or expressed inside living cells, fluorescently labeled DARPins accumulated at actin filaments, validated through phalloidin colocalization on fixed cells. Nevertheless, different DARPins displayed different actin labeling patterns: some DARPins labeled efficiently dynamic structures, such as filopodia, lamellipodia, and blebs, while others accumulated primarily in stress fibers. This differential intracellular distribution correlated with DARPin-actin binding kinetics, as measured by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments. Moreover, the rapid arrest of actin dynamics induced by pharmacological treatment led to the fast relocalization of DARPins. Our data support the hypothesis that the localization of actin probes depends on the inherent dynamic movement of the actin cytoskeleton. Compared to the widely used LifeAct probe, one DARPin exhibited enhanced signal-to-background ratio while retaining a similar ability to label stress fibers. In summary, we propose DARPins as promising actin-binding proteins for labeling or manipulation in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia R Ivanova
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Planck School Matter to Life, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amelie S Benk
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonas V Schaefer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- CSL Behring AG, 3014 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Birgit Dreier
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leon O Hermann
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dimitris Missirlis
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, INF 225, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim P Spatz
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, INF 225, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Planck School Matter to Life, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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3
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Leka O, Wu Y, Zanetti G, Furler S, Reinberg T, Marinho J, Schaefer JV, Plückthun A, Li X, Pirazzini M, Kammerer RA. A DARPin promotes faster onset of botulinum neurotoxin A1 action. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8317. [PMID: 38110403 PMCID: PMC10728214 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44102-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we characterize Designed Ankyrin Repeat Proteins (DARPins) as investigative tools to probe botulinum neurotoxin A1 (BoNT/A1) structure and function. We identify DARPin-F5 that completely blocks SNAP25 substrate cleavage by BoNT/A1 in vitro. X-ray crystallography reveals that DARPin-F5 inhibits BoNT/A1 activity by interacting with a substrate-binding region between the α- and β-exosite. This DARPin does not block substrate cleavage of BoNT/A3, indicating that DARPin-F5 is a subtype-specific inhibitor. BoNT/A1 Glu-171 plays a critical role in the interaction with DARPin-F5 and its mutation to Asp, the residue found in BoNT/A3, results in a loss of inhibition of substrate cleavage. In contrast to the in vitro results, DARPin-F5 promotes faster substrate cleavage of BoNT/A1 in primary neurons and muscle tissue by increasing toxin translocation. Our findings could have important implications for the application of BoNT/A1 in therapeutic areas requiring faster onset of toxin action combined with long persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oneda Leka
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Yufan Wu
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Zanetti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Sven Furler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Reinberg
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joana Marinho
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas V Schaefer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xiaodan Li
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Marco Pirazzini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Richard A Kammerer
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
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4
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Hudson L, Mason JW, Westphal MV, Richter MJR, Thielman JR, Hua BK, Gerry CJ, Xia G, Osswald HL, Knapp JM, Tan ZY, Kokkonda P, Tresco BIC, Liu S, Reidenbach AG, Lim KS, Poirier J, Capece J, Bonazzi S, Gampe CM, Smith NJ, Bradner JE, Coley CW, Clemons PA, Melillo B, Hon CSY, Ottl J, Dumelin CE, Schaefer JV, Faust AME, Berst F, Schreiber SL, Zécri FJ, Briner K. Author Correction: Diversity-oriented synthesis encoded by deoxyoligonucleotides. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7589. [PMID: 37989745 PMCID: PMC10663570 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43518-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liam Hudson
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jeremy W Mason
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Matthias V Westphal
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Matthieu J R Richter
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Jonathan R Thielman
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Bruce K Hua
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Christopher J Gerry
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Guoqin Xia
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Heather L Osswald
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - John M Knapp
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Zher Yin Tan
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Praveen Kokkonda
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Ben I C Tresco
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Shuang Liu
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Andrew G Reidenbach
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Katherine S Lim
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Jennifer Poirier
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - John Capece
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Simone Bonazzi
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Christian M Gampe
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Nichola J Smith
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - James E Bradner
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Connor W Coley
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Paul A Clemons
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Bruno Melillo
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - C Suk-Yee Hon
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Johannes Ottl
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph E Dumelin
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jonas V Schaefer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ann Marie E Faust
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Frédéric Berst
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stuart L Schreiber
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Frédéric J Zécri
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Karin Briner
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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5
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Strubel A, Münick P, Hartmann O, Chaikuad A, Dreier B, Schaefer JV, Gebel J, Osterburg C, Tuppi M, Schäfer B, Buck V, Rosenfeldt M, Knapp S, Plückthun A, Diefenbacher ME, Dötsch V. DARPins detect the formation of hetero-tetramers of p63 and p73 in epithelial tissues and in squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:674. [PMID: 37828008 PMCID: PMC10570377 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The two p53 homologues p63 and p73 regulate transcriptional programs in epithelial tissues and several cell types in these tissues express both proteins. All members of the p53 family form tetramers in their active state through a dedicated oligomerization domain that structurally assembles as a dimer of dimers. The oligomerization domain of p63 and p73 share a high sequence identity, but the p53 oligomerization domain is more divergent and it lacks a functionally important C-terminal helix present in the other two family members. Based on these structural differences, p53 does not hetero-oligomerize with p63 or p73. In contrast, p63 and p73 form hetero-oligomers of all possible stoichiometries, with the hetero-tetramer built from a p63 dimer and a p73 dimer being thermodynamically more stable than the two homo-tetramers. This predicts that in cells expressing both proteins a p632/p732 hetero-tetramer is formed. So far, the tools to investigate the biological function of this hetero-tetramer have been missing. Here we report the generation and characterization of Designed Ankyrin Repeat Proteins (DARPins) that bind with high affinity and selectivity to the p632/p732 hetero-tetramer. Using these DARPins we were able to confirm experimentally the existence of this hetero-tetramer in epithelial mouse and human tissues and show that its level increases in squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Strubel
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Philipp Münick
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Oliver Hartmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, University of Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Apirat Chaikuad
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Goethe University, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Birgit Dreier
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas V Schaefer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Gebel
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christian Osterburg
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marcel Tuppi
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Birgit Schäfer
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Viktoria Buck
- Department of Pathology, University of Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Rosenfeldt
- Department of Pathology, University of Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Goethe University, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus E Diefenbacher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, University of Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Volker Dötsch
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany.
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6
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Hudson L, Mason JW, Westphal MV, Richter MJR, Thielman JR, Hua BK, Gerry CJ, Xia G, Osswald HL, Knapp JM, Tan ZY, Kokkonda P, Tresco BIC, Liu S, Reidenbach AG, Lim KS, Poirier J, Capece J, Bonazzi S, Gampe CM, Smith NJ, Bradner JE, Coley CW, Clemons PA, Melillo B, Hon CSY, Ottl J, Dumelin CE, Schaefer JV, Faust AME, Berst F, Schreiber SL, Zécri FJ, Briner K. Diversity-oriented synthesis encoded by deoxyoligonucleotides. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4930. [PMID: 37582753 PMCID: PMC10427684 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40575-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) is a powerful strategy to prepare molecules with underrepresented features in commercial screening collections, resulting in the elucidation of novel biological mechanisms. In parallel to the development of DOS, DNA-encoded libraries (DELs) have emerged as an effective, efficient screening strategy to identify protein binders. Despite recent advancements in this field, most DEL syntheses are limited by the presence of sensitive DNA-based constructs. Here, we describe the design, synthesis, and validation experiments performed for a 3.7 million-member DEL, generated using diverse skeleton architectures with varying exit vectors and derived from DOS, to achieve structural diversity beyond what is possible by varying appendages alone. We also show screening results for three diverse protein targets. We will make this DEL available to the academic scientific community to increase access to novel structural features and accelerate early-phase drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Hudson
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jeremy W Mason
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Matthias V Westphal
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Matthieu J R Richter
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Jonathan R Thielman
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Bruce K Hua
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Christopher J Gerry
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Guoqin Xia
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Heather L Osswald
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - John M Knapp
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Zher Yin Tan
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Praveen Kokkonda
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Ben I C Tresco
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Shuang Liu
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Andrew G Reidenbach
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Katherine S Lim
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Jennifer Poirier
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - John Capece
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Simone Bonazzi
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Christian M Gampe
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Nichola J Smith
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - James E Bradner
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Connor W Coley
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Paul A Clemons
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Bruno Melillo
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - C Suk-Yee Hon
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Johannes Ottl
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph E Dumelin
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jonas V Schaefer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ann Marie E Faust
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Frédéric Berst
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stuart L Schreiber
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Frédéric J Zécri
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Karin Briner
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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7
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Shi J, Hauschulte K, Mikicic I, Maharjan S, Arz V, Strauch T, Heidelberger JB, Schaefer JV, Dreier B, Plückthun A, Beli P, Ulrich HD, Wollscheid HP. Nuclear myosin VI maintains replication fork stability. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3787. [PMID: 37355687 PMCID: PMC10290672 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39517-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is of fundamental importance for cellular structure and plasticity. However, abundance and function of filamentous actin in the nucleus are still controversial. Here we show that the actin-based molecular motor myosin VI contributes to the stabilization of stalled or reversed replication forks. In response to DNA replication stress, myosin VI associates with stalled replication intermediates and cooperates with the AAA ATPase Werner helicase interacting protein 1 (WRNIP1) in protecting these structures from DNA2-mediated nucleolytic attack. Using functionalized affinity probes to manipulate myosin VI levels in a compartment-specific manner, we provide evidence for the direct involvement of myosin VI in the nucleus and against a contribution of the abundant cytoplasmic pool during the replication stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shi
- Institute of Molecular Biology gGmbH (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, D - 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kristine Hauschulte
- Institute of Molecular Biology gGmbH (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, D - 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ivan Mikicic
- Institute of Molecular Biology gGmbH (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, D - 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Srijana Maharjan
- Institute of Molecular Biology gGmbH (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, D - 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Mainz Biomed N.V., Robert-Koch-Str. 50, D - 55129, Mainz, Germany
| | - Valerie Arz
- Institute of Molecular Biology gGmbH (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, D - 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tina Strauch
- Institute of Molecular Biology gGmbH (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, D - 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan B Heidelberger
- Institute of Molecular Biology gGmbH (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, D - 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Max Planck School Matter to Life, Jahnstr. 29, D - 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonas V Schaefer
- University of Zurich, Department of Biochemistry, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH - 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Birgit Dreier
- University of Zurich, Department of Biochemistry, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH - 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- University of Zurich, Department of Biochemistry, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH - 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petra Beli
- Institute of Molecular Biology gGmbH (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, D - 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 15, D - 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Helle D Ulrich
- Institute of Molecular Biology gGmbH (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, D - 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Hans-Peter Wollscheid
- Institute of Molecular Biology gGmbH (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, D - 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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8
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Wang L, Moreira EA, Kempf G, Miyake Y, Oliveira Esteves BI, Fahmi A, Schaefer JV, Dreier B, Yamauchi Y, Alves MP, Plückthun A, Matthias P. Disrupting the HDAC6-ubiquitin interaction impairs infection by influenza and Zika virus and cellular stress pathways. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110736. [PMID: 35476995 PMCID: PMC9065369 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The deacetylase HDAC6 has tandem catalytic domains and a zinc finger domain (ZnF) binding ubiquitin (Ub). While the catalytic domain has an antiviral effect, the ZnF facilitates influenza A virus (IAV) infection and cellular stress responses. By recruiting Ub via the ZnF, HDAC6 promotes the formation of aggresomes and stress granules (SGs), dynamic structures associated with pathologies such as neurodegeneration. IAV subverts the aggresome/HDAC6 pathway to facilitate capsid uncoating during early infection. To target this pathway, we generate designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins) binding the ZnF; one of these prevents interaction with Ub in vitro and in cells. Crystallographic analysis shows that it blocks the ZnF pocket where Ub engages. Conditional expression of this DARPin reversibly impairs infection by IAV and Zika virus; moreover, SGs and aggresomes are downregulated. These results validate the HDAC6 ZnF as an attractive target for drug discovery. A small synthetic protein (DARPin) blocks interaction between HDAC6 and ubiquitin This DARPin impairs infection by influenza and Zika virus at the uncoating step Both viruses contain ubiquitin associated with their capsid The DARPin also impacts the formation of aggresomes and stress granules
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Wang
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; Faculty of Sciences, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Etori Aguiar Moreira
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Georg Kempf
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yasuyuki Miyake
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; Department of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Blandina I Oliveira Esteves
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Amal Fahmi
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jonas V Schaefer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Birgit Dreier
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Yohei Yamauchi
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Marco P Alves
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Patrick Matthias
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; Faculty of Sciences, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
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9
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Fay R, Törő I, Schinke AL, Simic B, Schaefer JV, Dreier B, Plückthun A, Holland JP. Sortase-Mediated Site-Specific Conjugation and 89Zr-Radiolabeling of Designed Ankyrin Repeat Proteins for PET. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:3576-3585. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Fay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Imre Törő
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna-Lena Schinke
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Branko Simic
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas V. Schaefer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Birgit Dreier
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jason P. Holland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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Friedrich N, Stiegeler E, Glögl M, Lemmin T, Hansen S, Kadelka C, Wu Y, Ernst P, Maliqi L, Foulkes C, Morin M, Eroglu M, Liechti T, Ivan B, Reinberg T, Schaefer JV, Karakus U, Ursprung S, Mann A, Rusert P, Kouyos RD, Robinson JA, Günthard HF, Plückthun A, Trkola A. Distinct conformations of the HIV-1 V3 loop crown are targetable for broad neutralization. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6705. [PMID: 34795280 PMCID: PMC8602657 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27075-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The V3 loop of the HIV-1 envelope (Env) protein elicits a vigorous, but largely non-neutralizing antibody response directed to the V3-crown, whereas rare broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) target the V3-base. Challenging this view, we present V3-crown directed broadly neutralizing Designed Ankyrin Repeat Proteins (bnDs) matching the breadth of V3-base bnAbs. While most bnAbs target prefusion Env, V3-crown bnDs bind open Env conformations triggered by CD4 engagement. BnDs achieve breadth by focusing on highly conserved residues that are accessible in two distinct V3 conformations, one of which resembles CCR5-bound V3. We further show that these V3-crown conformations can, in principle, be attacked by antibodies. Supporting this conclusion, analysis of antibody binding activity in the Swiss 4.5 K HIV-1 cohort (n = 4,281) revealed a co-evolution of V3-crown reactivities and neutralization breadth. Our results indicate a role of V3-crown responses and its conformational preferences in bnAb development to be considered in preventive and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Friedrich
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emanuel Stiegeler
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland ,grid.424277.0Present Address: Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Deutschland
| | - Matthias Glögl
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Lemmin
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland ,grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Department of Computer Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ,grid.29078.340000 0001 2203 2861Present Address: Euler Institute, Faculty of Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Simon Hansen
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland ,Present Address: NGM Bio, 333 Oysterpoint Blvd, South San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
| | - Claus Kadelka
- grid.34421.300000 0004 1936 7312Department of Mathematics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA
| | - Yufan Wu
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland ,Present Address: Innovent Biologics Inc, 168 Dongping Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, 215123 China
| | - Patrick Ernst
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland ,grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Present Address: Office Research and Teaching, Medical Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Liridona Maliqi
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Caio Foulkes
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mylène Morin
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland ,Present Address: BeiGene Switzerland GmbH, Aeschengraben 27, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mustafa Eroglu
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland ,Present Address: Janssen Vaccines AG, Rehhagstrasse 79, 3018 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Liechti
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland ,grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667Present Address: ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Branislav Ivan
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland ,grid.410567.1Present Address: Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Reinberg
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas V. Schaefer
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland ,grid.419481.10000 0001 1515 9979Present Address: Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Chemical Biology & Therapeutics (CBT), Novartis Pharma AG, Virchow 16, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Umut Karakus
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Ursprung
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland ,grid.5335.00000000121885934Present Address: University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Department of Radiology, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Axel Mann
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland ,Present Address: Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development (pRED), Wagistrasse 10, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Peter Rusert
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger D. Kouyos
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland ,grid.412004.30000 0004 0478 9977Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - John A. Robinson
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Huldrych F. Günthard
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland ,grid.412004.30000 0004 0478 9977Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Trkola
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland.
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11
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Matsuda S, Schaefer JV, Mii Y, Hori Y, Bieli D, Taira M, Plückthun A, Affolter M. Asymmetric requirement of Dpp/BMP morphogen dispersal in the Drosophila wing disc. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6435. [PMID: 34750371 PMCID: PMC8576045 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26726-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
How morphogen gradients control patterning and growth in developing tissues remains largely unknown due to lack of tools manipulating morphogen gradients. Here, we generate two membrane-tethered protein binders that manipulate different aspects of Decapentaplegic (Dpp), a morphogen required for overall patterning and growth of the Drosophila wing. One is "HA trap" based on a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) against the HA tag that traps HA-Dpp to mainly block its dispersal, the other is "Dpp trap" based on a Designed Ankyrin Repeat Protein (DARPin) against Dpp that traps Dpp to block both its dispersal and signaling. Using these tools, we found that, while posterior patterning and growth require Dpp dispersal, anterior patterning and growth largely proceed without Dpp dispersal. We show that dpp transcriptional refinement from an initially uniform to a localized expression and persistent signaling in transient dpp source cells render the anterior compartment robust against the absence of Dpp dispersal. Furthermore, despite a critical requirement of dpp for the overall wing growth, neither Dpp dispersal nor direct signaling is critical for lateral wing growth after wing pouch specification. These results challenge the long-standing dogma that Dpp dispersal is strictly required to control and coordinate overall wing patterning and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonas V Schaefer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yusuke Mii
- National Institute for Basic Biology and Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- JST PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yutaro Hori
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Masanori Taira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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12
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Kosareva A, Punjabi M, Ochoa-Espinosa A, Xu L, Schaefer JV, Dreier B, Plückthun A, Kaufmann BA. Designed Ankyrin Repeat Proteins as Novel Binders for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging. Ultrasound Med Biol 2021; 47:2664-2675. [PMID: 34144832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2021.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Clinical translation of ultrasound molecular imaging will depend on the development of binders that can easily be generated, manufactured and coupled, and that are compatible with in vivo use. We describe targeted microbubbles (MBs) using designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins) as a novel class of such translatable binders. Candidate DARPin binders for vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, an endothelial cell adhesion molecule involved in inflammatory processes, were selected using ribosome display and coupled to MBs. Flow-chamber assays of five MBs carrying high-affinity binders showed selective retention on endothelial cells activated by tumor necrosis factor-α for two binders compared with a MB carrying a control DARPin. In vivo ultrasound molecular imaging in a murine hind-limb inflammation model demonstrated up to a fourfold signal enhancement for three of the five MBs versus control. However, there was no correlation between results from flow-chamber assays and in vivo imaging. Thus, we conclude that ultrasound molecular imaging of inflammation using DARPin binders is feasible per se, but that screening of candidates cannot be accomplished with flow-chamber assays as used in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Kosareva
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mukesh Punjabi
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Amanda Ochoa-Espinosa
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lifen Xu
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jonas V Schaefer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Birgit Dreier
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat A Kaufmann
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Cardiology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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13
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Merten H, Brandl F, Zimmermann M, Schaefer JV, Irpinio L, Sand KMK, Nilsen J, Andersen JT, Zangemeister-Wittke U, Plückthun A. Half-life extension of efficiently produced DARPin serum albumin fusions as a function of FcRn affinity and recycling. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 167:104-113. [PMID: 34303832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Serum albumin shows slow clearance from circulation due to neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn)-mediated recycling and has been used for half-life extension. We report here fusions to a high-affinity DARPin, binding to Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM). We developed a novel, efficient expression system for such fusion proteins in Pichia pastoris with titers above 300 mg/L of lab-scale shake-flask culture. Since human serum albumin (HSA) does not bind to the murine FcRn, half-lives of therapeutic candidates are frequently measured in human FcRn transgenic mice, limiting useable tumor models. Additionally, serum albumins with extended half-life have been designed. We tested HSA7, motivated by its previously claimed extraordinarily long half-life in mice, which we could not confirm. Instead, we determined a half-life of only 29 h for HSA7, comparable to MSA. The fusion of HSA7 to a DARPin showed a similar half-life. To rationalize these findings, we measured binding kinetics and affinities to murine and human FcRn. Briefly, HSA7 showed affinity to murine FcRn only in the micromolar range, comparable to MSA to its cognate murine FcRn, and an affinity in the nanomolar range only to the human FcRn. This explains the comparable half-life of MSA and HSA7 in mice, while wild-type-HSA has a half-life of only 21 h, as it does not bind the murine FcRn and is not recycled. Thus, HSA-fusions with improved FcRn-affinity, such as HSA7, can be used for preclinical experiments in mice when FcRn transgenes cannot be used, as they reflect better the complex FcRn-mediated recycling and distribution mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Merten
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Brandl
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital INO-F, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martina Zimmermann
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas V Schaefer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Linda Irpinio
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kine M K Sand
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, N-0372 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo, N-0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jeannette Nilsen
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, N-0372 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo, N-0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, N-0372 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo, N-0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Uwe Zangemeister-Wittke
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital INO-F, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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14
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Teale WD, Pasternak T, Dal Bosco C, Dovzhenko A, Kratzat K, Bildl W, Schwörer M, Falk T, Ruperti B, V Schaefer J, Shahriari M, Pilgermayer L, Li X, Lübben F, Plückthun A, Schulte U, Palme K. Flavonol-mediated stabilization of PIN efflux complexes regulates polar auxin transport. EMBO J 2021; 40:e104416. [PMID: 33185277 PMCID: PMC7780147 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020104416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The transport of auxin controls the rate, direction and localization of plant growth and development. The course of auxin transport is defined by the polar subcellular localization of the PIN proteins, a family of auxin efflux transporters. However, little is known about the composition and regulation of the PIN protein complex. Here, using blue-native PAGE and quantitative mass spectrometry, we identify native PIN core transport units as homo- and heteromers assembled from PIN1, PIN2, PIN3, PIN4 and PIN7 subunits only. Furthermore, we show that endogenous flavonols stabilize PIN dimers to regulate auxin efflux in the same way as does the auxin transport inhibitor 1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA). This inhibitory mechanism is counteracted both by the natural auxin indole-3-acetic acid and by phosphomimetic amino acids introduced into the PIN1 cytoplasmic domain. Our results lend mechanistic insights into an endogenous control mechanism which regulates PIN function and opens the way for a deeper understanding of the protein environment and regulation of the polar auxin transport complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Teale
- Institute of Biology IIUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Taras Pasternak
- Institute of Biology IIUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | | | | | | | - Wolfgang Bildl
- Institute of Physiology IIFaculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Manuel Schwörer
- Institute of Biology IIUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Thorsten Falk
- Institute for Computer ScienceUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Benadetto Ruperti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment—DAFNAEUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Jonas V Schaefer
- High‐Throughput Binder Selection FacilityDepartment of BiochemistryUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | | | | | - Xugang Li
- Sino German Joint Research Center for Agricultural Biology, and State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Florian Lübben
- Institute of Biology IIUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- High‐Throughput Binder Selection FacilityDepartment of BiochemistryUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Uwe Schulte
- Institute of Physiology IIFaculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Logopharm GmbHFreiburgGermany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSSFreiburgGermany
| | - Klaus Palme
- Institute of Biology IIUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSSFreiburgGermany
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15
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Kapp JN, Schaefer JV, Verdurmen W, Nagy G, Degen R, Ernst P, Scholl C, Plückthun A. Abstract B27: A DARPin-based toolbox to understand and treat RAS-addicted cancers. Mol Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1557-3125.ras18-b27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The repeating failure of small molecules as specific inhibitors of KRAS has drawn the attention to macromolecular structures, which can recognize their target with high affinity and specificity. Designed Ankyrin Repeat Proteins (DARPins) are multipurpose alternative affinity reagents that have proved to recognize targets with exceptional specificities and selectivity that often surpass those of antibodies. Due to their additional outstanding ability to act intracellularly within living cells and their recognition of structural rather than linear epitopes, DARPins have enabled a multitude of more advanced projects. In-house selections against GTP- or GDP-loaded KRAS were performed, and several hundred different DARPins could be identified. In subsequent validations, we not only analyzed their affinities, but also focused on the essential features of cross-reactivities, the recognition of various epitopes and their biologic functionalities. A number of candidates directly interfere with the RAS-Raf interaction and SOS-mediated nucleotide exchange by binding to the identical epitope on RAS as proved by crystal structures. One of these lead candidates with an affinity of 10 nM was used to elucidate whether anti-KRAS DARPins can mediate a biologic effect in model systems of human cancers. For this purpose, we chose cell lines categorized as KRAS dependent to generate stable cell lines expressing a highly active anti-KRAS DARPin under an inducible promotor, and it revealed potent antitumor activity, reducing the proliferation, colony formation and anchorage-independent growth. We could furthermore show that the observed effect resulted from reduced signaling of KRAS through its downstream MEK-ERK and PI3K-AKT pathways and the induction of apoptosis. Importantly, this anti-KRAS DARPin was shown to have no effects in the immortalized cell line HEK293T. In addition to traditional knockdown approaches, this model could be used to assess RAS dependency of human cancers. Combined with various suitable intracellular delivery techniques currently under development in our laboratory, the potential of this model will be further investigated for its potential in the treatment of solid tumors in a mouse model. In our broad effort many additional DARPins were identified that recognize different, nonoverlapping epitopes and most likely will interfere with other essential functions, such as the nanoclustering of RAS. This toolbox also allows the development of various biosensors in living cells. This large set of binders has the potential not just to help the community to gain detailed insights into the various functions and of RAS, but also might highlight novel vulnerabilities and innovative ways to finally make these key players druggable.
Citation Format: Jonas N. Kapp, Jonas V. Schaefer, Wouter Verdurmen, Gabriela Nagy, Ralph Degen, Patrick Ernst, Claudia Scholl, Andreas Plückthun. A DARPin-based toolbox to understand and treat RAS-addicted cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Targeting RAS-Driven Cancers; 2018 Dec 9-12; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2020;18(5_Suppl):Abstract nr B27.
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Renko M, Fiedler M, Rutherford TJ, Schaefer JV, Plückthun A, Bienz M. Rotational symmetry of the structured Chip/LDB-SSDP core module of the Wnt enhanceosome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:20977-20983. [PMID: 31570581 PMCID: PMC6800368 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1912705116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chip/LIM-domain binding protein (LDB)-single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSDP) (ChiLS) complex controls numerous cell-fate decisions in animal cells, by mediating transcription of developmental control genes via remote enhancers. ChiLS is recruited to these enhancers by lineage-specific LIM-domain proteins that bind to its Chip/LDB subunit. ChiLS recently emerged as the core module of the Wnt enhanceosome, a multiprotein complex that primes developmental control genes for timely Wnt responses. ChiLS binds to NPFxD motifs within Pygopus (Pygo) and the Osa/ARID1A subunit of the BAF chromatin remodeling complex, which could synergize with LIM proteins in tethering ChiLS to enhancers. Chip/LDB and SSDP both contain N-terminal dimerization domains that constitute the bulk of their structured cores. Here, we report the crystal structures of these dimerization domains, in part aided by DARPin chaperones. We conducted systematic surface scanning by structure-designed mutations, followed by in vitro and in vivo binding assays, to determine conserved surface residues required for binding between Chip/LDB, SSDP, and Pygo-NPFxD. Based on this, and on the 4:2 (SSDP-Chip/LDB) stoichiometry of ChiLS, we derive a highly constrained structural model for this complex, which adopts a rotationally symmetrical SSDP2-LDB2-SSDP2 architecture. Integrity of ChiLS is essential for Pygo binding, and our mutational analysis places the NPFxD pockets on either side of the Chip/LDB dimer, each flanked by an SSDP dimer. The symmetry and multivalency of ChiLS underpin its function as an enhancer module integrating Wnt signals with lineage-specific factors to operate context-dependent transcriptional switches that are pivotal for normal development and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miha Renko
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CB2 0QH Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Fiedler
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CB2 0QH Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor J Rutherford
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CB2 0QH Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jonas V Schaefer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mariann Bienz
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CB2 0QH Cambridge, United Kingdom;
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Ottl J, Leder L, Schaefer JV, Dumelin CE. Encoded Library Technologies as Integrated Lead Finding Platforms for Drug Discovery. Molecules 2019; 24:E1629. [PMID: 31027189 PMCID: PMC6514559 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The scope of targets investigated in pharmaceutical research is continuously moving into uncharted territory. Consequently, finding suitable chemical matter with current compound collections is proving increasingly difficult. Encoded library technologies enable the rapid exploration of large chemical space for the identification of ligands for such targets. These binders facilitate drug discovery projects both as tools for target validation, structural elucidation and assay development as well as starting points for medicinal chemistry. Novartis internalized two complementing encoded library platforms to accelerate the initiation of its drug discovery programs. For the identification of low-molecular weight ligands, we apply DNA-encoded libraries. In addition, encoded peptide libraries are employed to identify cyclic peptides. This review discusses how we apply these two platforms in our research and why we consider it beneficial to run both pipelines in-house.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Ottl
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Lukas Leder
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Jonas V Schaefer
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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Zhang Y, Auger S, Schaefer JV, Plückthun A, Distefano MD. Site-Selective Enzymatic Labeling of Designed Ankyrin Repeat Proteins Using Protein Farnesyltransferase. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2033:207-219. [PMID: 31332756 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9654-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Affinity agents coupled to a functional moiety play an ever-increasing role in modern medicine, ranging from radiolabeled selective binders in diagnosis to antibody-drug conjugates in targeted therapies. In biomedical research, protein coupling to fluorophores, surfaces and nanoparticles has become an integral part of many procedures. In addition to antibodies, small scaffold proteins with similar target binding properties are being widely explored as alternative targeting moieties. To label these binders of interest with different functional moieties, conventional chemical coupling methods can be employed, but often result in heterogeneously modified protein products. In contrast, enzymatic labeling methods are highly site-specific and efficient. Protein farnesyltransferase (PFTase) catalyzes the transfer of an isoprenoid moiety from farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) to a cysteine residue in a C-terminal CaaX motif at the C-terminus of a protein substrate. The addition of only four amino acid residues minimizes the influence on the native protein structure. In addition, a variety of isoprenoid analogs containing different bioorthogonal functional groups, including azides, alkynes, and aldehydes, have been developed to enable conjugation to various cargos after being incorporated onto the target protein by PFTase. In this protocol, we present a detailed procedure for labeling Designed Ankyrin Repeat Proteins (DARPins) engineered with a C-terminal CVIA sequence using an azide-containing FPP analog by yeast PFTase (yPFTase). In addition, procedures to subsequently conjugate the labeled DARPins to a TAMRA fluorophore using strained-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) reactions as well as the sample preparation to evaluate the target binding ability of the conjugates by flow cytometry are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Shelby Auger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jonas V Schaefer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mark D Distefano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Vigano MA, Bieli D, Schaefer JV, Jakob RP, Matsuda S, Maier T, Plückthun A, Affolter M. Correction: DARPins recognizing mTFP1 as novel reagents for in vitro and in vivo protein manipulations (doi:10.1242/bio.036749). Biol Open 2018; 7:7/12/bio040832. [PMID: 30545951 PMCID: PMC6310877 DOI: 10.1242/bio.040832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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20
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Vigano MA, Bieli D, Schaefer JV, Jakob RP, Matsuda S, Maier T, Plückthun A, Affolter M. DARPins recognizing mTFP1 as novel reagents for in vitro and in vivo protein manipulations. Biol Open 2018; 7:bio.036749. [PMID: 30237292 PMCID: PMC6262872 DOI: 10.1242/bio.036749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years, protein-based affinity reagents have proven very helpful in cell and developmental biology. While many of these versatile small proteins can be expressed both in the intracellular and extracellular milieu in cultured cells and in living organisms, they can also be functionalized by fusing them to different protein domains in order to regulate or modulate their target proteins in diverse manners. For example, protein binders have been employed to degrade, trap, localize or enzymatically modify specific target proteins. Whereas binders to many endogenous proteins or small protein tags have been generated, several affinity reagents against fluorescent proteins have also been created and used to manipulate target proteins tagged with the corresponding fluorescent protein. Both of these approaches have resulted in improved methods for cell biological and developmental studies. While binders against GFP and mCherry have been previously isolated and validated, we now report the generation and utilization of designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins) against the monomeric teal fluorescent protein 1 (mTFP1). Here we use the generated DARPins to delocalize Rab proteins to the nuclear compartment, in which they cannot fulfil their regular functions anymore. In the future, such manipulations might enable the production of acute loss-of-function phenotypes in different cell types or in living organisms based on direct protein manipulation rather than on genetic loss-of-function analyses. Summary: Structural characterization of two novel DARPins (designed ankyrin repeat proteins) recognizing the monomeric teal fluorescent protein 1 (mTFP1) and their functionalization for protein manipulation strategies in cultured cells and potentially in living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alessandra Vigano
- Growth and Development, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dimitri Bieli
- Growth and Development, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jonas V Schaefer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roman P Jakob
- Structural Biology and Biophysics, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shinya Matsuda
- Growth and Development, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Timm Maier
- Structural Biology and Biophysics, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Affolter
- Growth and Development, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Abstract
Biophysical properties of antibody-based biopharmaceuticals are a critical part of their release criteria. In this context, finding the appropriate formulation is equally important as optimizing their intrinsic biophysical properties through protein engineering, and both are mutually dependent. Most previous studies have empirically tested the impact of additives on measures of colloidal stability, while mechanistic aspects have usually been limited to only the thermodynamic stability of the protein. Here we emphasize the kinetic impact of additives on the irreversible denaturation steps of immunoglobulins G (IgG) and their antigen-binding fragments (Fabs), as these are the key committed steps preceding aggregation, and thus especially informative in elucidating the molecular parameters of activity loss. We examined the effects of ten additives on the conformational kinetic stability by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), using a recently developed three-step model containing both reversible and irreversible steps. The data highlight and help to rationalize different effects of the additives on the properties of full-length IgG, analyzed by onset and aggregation temperatures as well as by kinetic parameters derived from our model. Our results further help to explain the observation that stabilizing mutations in the antigen-binding fragment (Fab) significantly affect the kinetic parameters of its thermal denaturation, but not the aggregation properties of the full-length IgGs. We show that the proper analysis of DSC scans for full-length IgGs and their corresponding Fabs not only helps in ranking their stability in different formats and formulations, but provides important mechanistic insights for improving the conformational kinetic stability of IgGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas V Schaefer
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Erik Sedlák
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich , Switzerland.,b Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, P.J. Šafárik University , Jesenná 5, Košice , Slovakia
| | - Florian Kast
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Michal Nemergut
- c Department of Biophysics , P.J. Šafárik University , Jesenná 5, Košice , Slovakia
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich , Switzerland
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Nemergut M, Žoldák G, Schaefer JV, Kast F, Miškovský P, Plückthun A, Sedlák E. Analysis of IgG kinetic stability by differential scanning calorimetry, probe fluorescence and light scattering. Protein Sci 2017; 26:2229-2239. [PMID: 28833802 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) type have become mainstream therapeutics for the treatment of many life-threatening diseases. For their successful application in the clinic and a favorable cost-benefit ratio, the design and formulation of these therapeutic molecules must guarantee long-term stability for an extended period of time. Accelerated stability studies, e.g., by employing thermal denaturation, have the great potential for enabling high-throughput screening campaigns to find optimal molecular variants and formulations in a short time. Surprisingly, no validated quantitative analysis of these accelerated studies has been performed yet, which clearly limits their application for predicting IgG stability. Therefore, we have established a quantitative approach for the assessment of the kinetic stability over a broad range of temperatures. To this end, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments were performed with a model IgG, testing chaotropic formulations and an extended temperature range, and they were subsequently analyzed by our recently developed three-step sequential model of IgG denaturation, consisting of one reversible and two irreversible steps. A critical comparison of the predictions from this model with data obtained by an orthogonal fluorescence probe method, based on 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonate binding to partially unfolded states, resulted in very good agreement. In summary, our study highlights the validity of this easy-to-perform analysis for reliably assessing the kinetic stability of IgGs, which can support accelerated formulation development of monoclonal antibodies by ranking different formulations as well as by improving colloidal stability models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Nemergut
- Department of Biophysics, P.J. Šafárik University, Jesenna 5, Košice, 041 54, Slovakia
| | - Gabriel Žoldák
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biophysics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, Garching, D-85748, Germany
| | - Jonas V Schaefer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Florian Kast
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Pavol Miškovský
- Department of Biophysics, P.J. Šafárik University, Jesenna 5, Košice, 041 54, Slovakia.,Centre for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, P.J. Šafárik University, Jesenna 5, Košice, 041 54, Slovakia
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Erik Sedlák
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, P.J. Šafárik University, Jesenna 5, Košice, 041 54, Slovakia.,Department of Biochemistry, P.J. Šafárik University, Moyzesova 11, Košice, 040 01, Slovakia
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23
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Anders U, Schaefer JV, Hibti FE, Frydman C, Suckau D, Plückthun A, Zenobi R. SPRi-MALDI MS: characterization and identification of a kinase from cell lysate by specific interaction with different designed ankyrin repeat proteins. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 409:1827-1836. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-0127-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Tamaskovic R, Schwill M, Nagy-Davidescu G, Jost C, Schaefer DC, Verdurmen WPR, Schaefer JV, Honegger A, Plückthun A. Intermolecular biparatopic trapping of ErbB2 prevents compensatory activation of PI3K/AKT via RAS-p110 crosstalk. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11672. [PMID: 27255951 PMCID: PMC4895728 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Compensatory mechanisms, such as relief of AKT-ErbB3-negative feedback, are known to desensitize ErbB2-dependent tumours to targeted therapy. Here we describe an adaptation mechanism leading to reactivation of the PI3K/AKT pathway during trastuzumab treatment, which occurs independently of ErbB3 re-phosphorylation. This signalling bypass of phospho-ErbB3 operates in ErbB2-overexpressing cells via RAS-PI3K crosstalk and is attributable to active ErbB2 homodimers. As demonstrated by dual blockade of ErbB2/RAS and ErbB3 by means of pharmacological inhibition, RNA interference or by specific protein binders obstructing the RAS–p110α interaction, both routes must be blocked to prevent reactivation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Applying these general principles, we developed biparatopic designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins) trapping ErbB2 in a dimerization-incompetent state, which entail pan-ErbB inhibition and a permanent OFF state in the oncogenic signalling, thereby triggering extensive apoptosis in ErbB2-addicted tumours. Thus, these novel insights into mechanisms underlying network robustness provide a guide for overcoming adaptation response to ErbB2/ErbB3-targeted therapy. Targeted therapy of ErbB2-dependent tumours often provokes an adaptive response leading to reactivation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Here the authors identify an ErbB3-independent compensatory mechanism comprising Ras/PI3K activation directly by ErbB2, and develop biparatopic panErbB inhibitors to block this mode of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rastislav Tamaskovic
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Martin Schwill
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela Nagy-Davidescu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Christian Jost
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Dagmar C Schaefer
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Wouter P R Verdurmen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Jonas V Schaefer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Annemarie Honegger
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
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Sedlak E, Schaefer JV, Pluckthun A. Modulation of the Kinetic Stability of Immunoglobulin G by Solvent Additives. Biophys J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.11.1176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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26
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Sedlák E, Schaefer JV, Marek J, Gimeson P, Plückthun A. Advanced analyses of kinetic stabilities of iggs modified by mutations and glycosylation. Protein Sci 2015; 24:1100-13. [PMID: 25966898 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The stability of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) affects production, storage and usability, especially in the clinic. The complex thermal and isothermal transitions of IgGs, especially their irreversibilities, pose a challenge to the proper determination of parameters describing their thermodynamic and kinetic stability. Here, we present a reliable mathematical model to study the irreversible thermal denaturations of antibody variants. The model was applied to two unrelated IgGs and their variants with stabilizing mutations as well as corresponding non-glycosylated forms of IgGs and Fab fragments. Thermal denaturations of IgGs were analyzed with three transitions, one reversible transition corresponding to C(H)2 domain unfolding followed by two consecutive irreversible transitions corresponding to Fab and C(H)3 domains, respectively. The parameters obtained allowed us to examine the effects of these mutations on the stabilities of individual domains within the full-length IgG. We found that the kinetic stability of the individual Fab fragment is significantly lowered within the IgG context, possibly because of intramolecular aggregation upon heating, while the stabilizing mutations have an especially beneficial effect. Thermal denaturations of non-glycosylated variants of IgG consist of more than three transitions and could not be analyzed by our model. However, isothermal denaturations demonstrated that the lack of glycosylation affects the stability of all and not just of the C(H)2 domain, suggesting that the partially unfolded domains may interact with each other during unfolding. Investigating thermal denaturation of IgGs according to our model provides a valuable tool for detecting subtle changes in thermodynamic and/or kinetic stabilities of individual domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Sedlák
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland.,Centre for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, P.J. Šafárik University, Moyzesova 11, Košice, 040 01, Slovakia.,Department of Biochemistry, P.J. Šafárik University, Moyzesova 11, Košice, 040 01, Slovakia
| | - Jonas V Schaefer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jozef Marek
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Watsonova 47, Košice, 040 01, Slovakia
| | - Peter Gimeson
- Malvern Instruments Inc., Northampton, Massachusetts, 01060-2327
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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Schaefer JV, Plückthun A. Transfer of engineered biophysical properties between different antibody formats and expression systems. Protein Eng Des Sel 2012; 25:485-506. [PMID: 22763265 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzs039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant antibodies and their derivatives are receiving ever increasing attention for many applications. Nevertheless, they differ widely in biophysical properties, from stable monomers to metastable aggregation-prone mixtures of oligomers. Previous work from our laboratory presented the combination of structure-based analysis with family consensus alignments as being able to improve the properties of immunoglobulin variable domains. We had identified a series of mutations in the variable domains that greatly influenced both the stability and the expression level of single-chain Fv (scFv) fragments produced in the periplasm of Escherichia coli. We now investigated whether these effects are transferable to Fab fragments and immunoglobulin G (IgG) produced in bacteria, Pichia pastoris, and mammalian cells. Taken together, our data indicate that engineered mutations can increase functional expression levels only for periplasmic expression in prokaryotes. In contrast, stability against thermal and denaturant-induced unfolding is improved by the same mutations in all formats tested, including scFv, Fab and IgG, independent of the expression system. The mutations in V(H) also influenced the structural homogeneity of full-length IgG, and the reducibility of the distant C(H)1-C(L) inter-chain disulfide bond. These results confirm the potential of structure-based protein engineering in the context of full-length IgGs and the transferability of stability improvements discovered with smaller antibody fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas V Schaefer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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