201
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Lin WC, Chen LH, Hsieh YC, Yang PW, Lai LC, Chuang EY, Lee JM, Tsai MH. miR-338-5p inhibits cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and cisplatin resistance in esophageal squamous cancer cells by targeting FERMT2. Carcinogenesis 2020; 40:883-892. [PMID: 30576425 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death in the male population of Eastern Asia. In addition, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the major type of esophageal cancer among the world. Owing to the poor overall 5-year survival rate, novel effective treatment strategies are needed. MicroRNAs are important gene regulators that are dysregulated in many cancer types. In our previous study, we applied next-generation sequencing to demonstrate that miR-338-5p was downregulated in the tumor tissue of patients with versus without recurrence. In this study, we further studied the roles of miR-338-5p in ESCC. The expression of endogenous miR-338-5p was at lower levels in ESCC cells compared with normal cells. Functional assays showed that miR-338-5p reduced cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and cisplatin resistance in an ESCC cell line, CE-81T. Potential target genes of miR-338-5p were identified by microarray and prediction tools, and 31 genes were selected. Among these, Fermitin family homolog 2 (FERMT2) plays an oncogenic role in ESCC, so it was chosen for further study. Luciferase assays showed the direct binding between miR-338-5p and the 3' untranslated region of FERMT2. Silencing of FERMT2 inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and cisplatin resistance. Pathway analysis revealed that the integrin-linked protein kinase signaling pathway, in which FERMT2 participates, was significantly affected by a miR-338-5p mimic. Our results suggest that miR-338-5p may play an antioncogenic role in ESCC via repressing FERMT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chun Lin
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Han Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chin Hsieh
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Yang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine
| | - Liang-Chuan Lai
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, NTU Center of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eric Y Chuang
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, NTU Center of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Ming Lee
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine
| | - Mong-Hsun Tsai
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, NTU Center of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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202
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Delgado‐Martín B, Medina MÁ. Advances in the Knowledge of the Molecular Biology of Glioblastoma and Its Impact in Patient Diagnosis, Stratification, and Treatment. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1902971. [PMID: 32382477 PMCID: PMC7201267 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors in adults. They arise in the glial tissue and primarily occur in the brain. Low-grade tumors of World Health Organization (WHO) grade II tend to progress to high-grade gliomas of WHO grade III and, eventually, glioblastoma of WHO grade IV, which is the most common and deadly glioma, with a median survival of 12-15 months after final diagnosis. Knowledge of the molecular biology and genetics of glioblastoma has increased significantly in the past few years, giving rise to classification methods that can help in management and stratification of glioblastoma patients. However, glioblastoma remains an incurable disease. Glioblastoma cells have acquired genetic and metabolic adaptations in order to sustain tumor growth and progression, including changes in energetic metabolism, invasive capacity, migration, and angiogenesis, that make it very difficult to find suitable therapeutic targets and to develop effective drugs. The current standard of care for glioblastoma patients is surgery followed by radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide. Although progress in glioblastoma therapies in recent years has been more limited than in other tumors, numerous drugs and targets are being proposed and many clinical trials are underway to develop effective subtype-specific treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Delgado‐Martín
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistryFaculty of SciencesCampus de Teatinos s/nUniversity of MálagaMálagaE‐29071Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Medina
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistryFaculty of SciencesCampus de Teatinos s/nUniversity of MálagaMálagaE‐29071Spain
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga)MálagaE‐29071Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)MálagaE‐29071Spain
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203
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Arias-Mejias SM, Warda KY, Quattrocchi E, Alonso-Quinones H, Sominidi-Damodaran S, Meves A. The role of integrins in melanoma: a review. Int J Dermatol 2020; 59:525-534. [PMID: 32157692 PMCID: PMC7167356 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are the major family of cell adhesion receptors in humans and essential for a wide range of normal physiology, including formation and maintenance of tissue structure integrity, cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Integrins also play a prominent role in tumor growth and metastasis. Translational research has tried to define the contribution of integrins to the phenotypic aggressiveness of melanoma because such knowledge is clinically useful. For example, differential expression of integrins in primary cutaneous melanoma can be used to distinguish indolent from aggressive, prometastatic melanoma. Recent studies have shown that gene expression-based testing of patient-derived melanoma tissue is feasible, and molecular tests may fully replace interventional surgical methods such as sentinel lymph node biopsies in the future. Because of their central role in mediating invasion and metastasis, integrins are likely to be useful biomarkers. Integrins are also attractive candidate targets for interventional therapy. This article focuses on the role of integrins in melanoma and highlights recent advances in the field of translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzette M. Arias-Mejias
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota
- Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Katerina Y. Warda
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Enrica Quattrocchi
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Hector Alonso-Quinones
- Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Alexander Meves
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota
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204
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Kadry YA, Calderwood DA. Chapter 22: Structural and signaling functions of integrins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183206. [PMID: 31991120 PMCID: PMC7063833 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The integrin family of transmembrane adhesion receptors is essential for sensing and adhering to the extracellular environment. Integrins are heterodimers composed of non-covalently associated α and β subunits that engage extracellular matrix proteins and couple to intracellular signaling and cytoskeletal complexes. Humans have 24 different integrin heterodimers with differing ligand binding specificities and non-redundant functions. Complex structural rearrangements control the ability of integrins to engage ligands and to activate diverse downstream signaling networks, modulating cell adhesion and dynamics, processes which are crucial for metazoan life and development. Here we review the structural and signaling functions of integrins focusing on recent advances which have enhanced our understanding of how integrins are activated and regulated, and the cytoplasmic signaling networks downstream of integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin A Kadry
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America
| | - David A Calderwood
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America; Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America..
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205
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P 0-Related Protein Accelerates Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Migration by Modulating VLA-5 Interactions with Fibronectin. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051100. [PMID: 32365526 PMCID: PMC7290418 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
P0-related protein (PZR), a Noonan and LEOPARD syndrome target, is a member of the transmembrane Immunoglobulin superfamily. Its cytoplasmic tail contains two immune-receptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs), implicated in adhesion-dependent signaling and regulating cell adhesion and motility. PZR promotes cell migration on the extracellular matrix (ECM) molecule, fibronectin, by interacting with SHP-2 (Src homology-2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2), a molecule essential for skeletal development and often mutated in Noonan and LEOPARD syndrome patients sharing overlapping musculoskeletal abnormalities and cardiac defects. To further explore the role of PZR, we assessed the expression of PZR and its ITIM-less isoform, PZRb, in human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (hBM MSC), and its ability to facilitate adhesion to and spreading and migration on various ECM molecules. Furthermore, using siRNA knockdown, confocal microscopy, and immunoprecipitation assays, we assessed PZR and PZRb interactions with β1 integrins. PZR was the predominant isoform in hBM MSC. Migrating hBM MSCs interacted most effectively with fibronectin and required the association of PZR, but not PZRb, with the integrin, VLA-5(α5β1), leading to modulation of focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation and vinculin levels. This raises the possibility that dysregulation of PZR function may modify hBM MSC migratory behavior, potentially contributing to skeletal abnormalities.
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206
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Kiepas A, Voorand E, Senecal J, Ahn R, Annis MG, Jacquet K, Tali G, Bisson N, Ursini-Siegel J, Siegel PM, Brown CM. The SHCA adapter protein cooperates with lipoma-preferred partner in the regulation of adhesion dynamics and invadopodia formation. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:10535-10559. [PMID: 32299913 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SHC adaptor protein (SHCA) and lipoma-preferred partner (LPP) mediate transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)-induced breast cancer cell migration and invasion. Reduced expression of either protein diminishes breast cancer lung metastasis, but the reason for this effect is unclear. Here, using total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy, we found that TGFβ enhanced the assembly and disassembly rates of paxillin-containing adhesions in an SHCA-dependent manner through the phosphorylation of the specific SHCA tyrosine residues Tyr-239, Tyr-240, and Tyr-313. Using a BioID proximity labeling approach, we show that SHCA exists in a complex with a variety of actin cytoskeletal proteins, including paxillin and LPP. Consistent with a functional interaction between SHCA and LPP, TGFβ-induced LPP localization to cellular adhesions depended on SHCA. Once localized to the adhesions, LPP was required for TGFβ-induced increases in cell migration and adhesion dynamics. Mutations that impaired LPP localization to adhesions (mLIM1) or impeded interactions with the actin cytoskeleton via α-actinin (ΔABD) abrogated migratory responses to TGFβ. Live-cell TIRF microscopy revealed that SHCA clustering at the cell membrane preceded LPP recruitment. We therefore hypothesize that, in the presence of TGFβ, SHCA promotes the formation of small, dynamic adhesions by acting as a nucleator of focal complex formation. Finally, we defined a previously unknown function for SHCA in the formation of invadopodia, a process that also required LPP. Our results reveal that SHCA controls the formation and function of adhesions and invadopodia, two key cellular structures required for breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Kiepas
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal H3G 1Y6, Québec, Canada.,Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal H3A 1A3, Québec, Canada
| | - Elena Voorand
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal H3A 1A3, Québec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal H3G 1Y6, Québec, Canada
| | - Julien Senecal
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal H3A 1A3, Québec, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal H4A 3J1, Québec, Canada
| | - Ryuhjin Ahn
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal H4A 3J1, Québec, Canada.,Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montréal, Québec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Matthew G Annis
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal H3A 1A3, Québec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal H3G 1Y6, Québec, Canada
| | - Kévin Jacquet
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - George Tali
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal H3G 1Y6, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Bisson
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1R 2J6, Canada.,PROTEO Network and Cancer Research Centre, Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Josie Ursini-Siegel
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal H3G 1Y6, Québec, Canada.,Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montréal, Québec H3T 1E2, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal H4A 3T2, Québec, Canada
| | - Peter M Siegel
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal H3A 1A3, Québec, Canada .,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal H3G 1Y6, Québec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal H3G 1Y6, Québec, Canada
| | - Claire M Brown
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal H3G 1Y6, Québec, Canada .,Advanced BioImaging Facility (ABIF), McGill University, Montréal H3G 0B1, Québec, Canada
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207
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Matrix Mechanosensation in the Erythroid and Megakaryocytic Lineages. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040894. [PMID: 32268541 PMCID: PMC7226728 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The biomechanical properties of the bone marrow microenvironment emerge from a combination of interactions between various extracellular matrix (ECM) structural proteins and soluble factors. Matrix stiffness directs stem cell fate, and both bone marrow stromal and hematopoietic cells respond to biophysical cues. Within the bone marrow, the megakaryoblasts and erythroblasts are thought to originate from a common progenitor, giving rise to fully mature magakaryocytes (the platelet precursors) and erythrocytes. Erythroid and megakaryocytic progenitors sense and respond to the ECM through cell surface adhesion receptors such as integrins and mechanosensitive ion channels. While hematopoietic stem progenitor cells remain quiescent on stiffer ECM substrates, the maturation of the erythroid and megakaryocytic lineages occurs on softer ECM substrates. This review surveys the major matrix structural proteins that contribute to the overall biomechanical tone of the bone marrow, as well as key integrins and mechanosensitive ion channels identified as ECM sensors in context of megakaryocytosis or erythropoiesis.
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208
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Müller PM, Rademacher J, Bagshaw RD, Wortmann C, Barth C, van Unen J, Alp KM, Giudice G, Eccles RL, Heinrich LE, Pascual-Vargas P, Sanchez-Castro M, Brandenburg L, Mbamalu G, Tucholska M, Spatt L, Czajkowski MT, Welke RW, Zhang S, Nguyen V, Rrustemi T, Trnka P, Freitag K, Larsen B, Popp O, Mertins P, Gingras AC, Roth FP, Colwill K, Bakal C, Pertz O, Pawson T, Petsalaki E, Rocks O. Systems analysis of RhoGEF and RhoGAP regulatory proteins reveals spatially organized RAC1 signalling from integrin adhesions. Nat Cell Biol 2020; 22:498-511. [PMID: 32203420 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-020-0488-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rho GTPases are central regulators of the cytoskeleton and, in humans, are controlled by 145 multidomain guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RhoGEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (RhoGAPs). How Rho signalling patterns are established in dynamic cell spaces to control cellular morphogenesis is unclear. Through a family-wide characterization of substrate specificities, interactomes and localization, we reveal at the systems level how RhoGEFs and RhoGAPs contextualize and spatiotemporally control Rho signalling. These proteins are widely autoinhibited to allow local regulation, form complexes to jointly coordinate their networks and provide positional information for signalling. RhoGAPs are more promiscuous than RhoGEFs to confine Rho activity gradients. Our resource enabled us to uncover a multi-RhoGEF complex downstream of G-protein-coupled receptors controlling CDC42-RHOA crosstalk. Moreover, we show that integrin adhesions spatially segregate GEFs and GAPs to shape RAC1 activity zones in response to mechanical cues. This mechanism controls the protrusion and contraction dynamics fundamental to cell motility. Our systems analysis of Rho regulators is key to revealing emergent organization principles of Rho signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Müller
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Richard D Bagshaw
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Carolin Barth
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jakobus van Unen
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Keziban M Alp
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Girolamo Giudice
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | | | - Louise E Heinrich
- Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, UK
| | | | - Marta Sanchez-Castro
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Geraldine Mbamalu
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Monika Tucholska
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa Spatt
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maciej T Czajkowski
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Sunqu Zhang
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vivian Nguyen
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Philipp Trnka
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kiara Freitag
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Brett Larsen
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Oliver Popp
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Mertins
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frederick P Roth
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Donnelly Centre and Departments of Molecular Genetics and Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Colwill
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris Bakal
- Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, UK
| | - Olivier Pertz
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tony Pawson
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Evangelia Petsalaki
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.
| | - Oliver Rocks
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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209
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Wang Q, Cao T, Guo K, Zhou Y, Liu H, Pan Y, Hou Q, Nie Y, Fan D, Lu Y, Zhao X. Regulation of Integrin Subunit Alpha 2 by miR-135b-5p Modulates Chemoresistance in Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:308. [PMID: 32232000 PMCID: PMC7082357 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy has substantially improved gastric cancer (GC) patient outcomes in the past decades. However, the development of chemotherapy resistance has become the major cause of treatment failure. Although numerous molecules have been implicated in GC chemoresistance, its pathological mechanisms are still unclear. Here, we found that integrin subunit alpha 2 (ITGA2) is upregulated in chemoresistant GC cells and that increased ITGA2 levels correlated with the poor prognosis of GC patients who received chemotherapy. ITGA2 overexpression led to elevated chemotherapy resistance and drug-induced apoptosis inhibition in GC cells. ITGA2 knockdown resulted in restored chemosensitivity and increased apoptosis in chemoresistant GC cells both in vitro and in vivo. NanoString analysis revealed a unique signature of deregulated pathway expression in GC cells after ITGA2 silencing. The MAPK/ERK pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were found to be downregulated after ITGA2 knockdown. miR-135b-5p was identified as a direct upstream regulator of ITGA2. miR-135b-5p overexpression reduced chemoresistance and induced apoptosis in GC cells and attenuated ITGA2-induced chemoresistance and antiapoptotic effects by inhibiting MAPK signaling and EMT. In conclusion, this study underscored the role and mechanism of ITGA2 in GC and suggested the novel miR-135b-5p/ITGA2 axis as an epigenetic cause of chemoresistance with diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanan Pan
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiuqiu Hou
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Daiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaodi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
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210
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Podosome formation promotes plasma membrane invagination and integrin-β3 endocytosis on a viscous RGD-membrane. Commun Biol 2020; 3:117. [PMID: 32170110 PMCID: PMC7070051 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0843-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrin receptors orchestrate cell adhesion and cytoskeletal reorganization. The endocytic mechanism of integrin-β3 receptor at the podosome remains unclear. Using viscous RGD-membrane as the model system, here we show that the formation of podosome-like adhesion promotes Dab2/clathrin-mediated endocytosis of integrin-β3. Integrin-β3 and RGD ligand are endocytosed from the podosome and sorted into the endosomal compartment. Inhibitions of podosome formation and knockdowns of Dab2 and clathrin reduce RGD endocytosis. F-actin assembly at the podosome core exhibits protrusive contact towards the substrate and results in plasma membrane invaginations at the podosome ring. BIN1 specifically associates with the region of invaginated membrane and recruits DNM2. During the podosome formation, BIN1 and DNM2 synchronously enrich at the podosome ring and trigger clathrin dissociation and RGD endocytosis. Knockdowns of BIN1 and DNM2 suppress RGD endocytosis. Thus, plasma membrane invagination caused by F-actin polymerization promotes BIN1-dependent DNM2 recruitment and facilitate integrin-β3 endocytosis at the podosome.
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211
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Paradžik M, Humphries JD, Stojanović N, Nestić D, Majhen D, Dekanić A, Samaržija I, Sedda D, Weber I, Humphries MJ, Ambriović-Ristov A. KANK2 Links αVβ5 Focal Adhesions to Microtubules and Regulates Sensitivity to Microtubule Poisons and Cell Migration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:125. [PMID: 32195252 PMCID: PMC7063070 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric glycoproteins that bind cells to extracellular matrix. Upon integrin clustering, multimolecular integrin adhesion complexes (IACs) are formed, creating links to the cell cytoskeleton. We have previously observed decreased cell migration and increased sensitivity to microtubule (MT) poisons, paclitaxel and vincristine, in the melanoma cell line MDA-MB-435S upon transfection with integrin αV-specific siRNA, suggesting a link between adhesion and drug sensitivity. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, we determined αV-dependent changes in IAC composition. Using mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics, we analyzed the components of isolated IACs of MDA-MB-435S cells and two MDA-MB-435S-derived integrin αV-specific shRNA-expressing cell clones with decreased expression of integrin αV. MS analysis showed that cells preferentially use integrin αVβ5 for the formation of IACs. The differential analysis between MDA-MB-435S cells and clones with decreased expression of integrin αV identified key components of integrin αVβ5 adhesion complexes as talins 1 and 2, α-actinins 1 and 4, filamins A and B, plectin and vinculin. The data also revealed decreased levels of several components of the cortical microtubule stabilization complex, which recruits MTs to adhesion sites (notably liprins α and β, ELKS, LL5β, MACF1, KANK1, and KANK2), following αV knockdown. KANK2 knockdown in MDA-MB-435S cells mimicked the effect of integrin αV knockdown and resulted in increased sensitivity to MT poisons and decreased migration. Taken together, we conclude that KANK2 is a key molecule linking integrin αVβ5 IACs to MTs, and enabling the actin-MT crosstalk that is important for both sensitivity to MT poisons and cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mladen Paradžik
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jonathan D. Humphries
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolina Stojanović
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Nestić
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dragomira Majhen
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Dekanić
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Samaržija
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Delphine Sedda
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Igor Weber
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martin J. Humphries
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andreja Ambriović-Ristov
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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212
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Abstract
Integrins, and integrin-mediated adhesions, have long been recognized to provide the main molecular link attaching cells to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and to serve as bidirectional hubs transmitting signals between cells and their environment. Recent evidence has shown that their combined biochemical and mechanical properties also allow integrins to sense, respond to and interact with ECM of differing properties with exquisite specificity. Here, we review this work first by providing an overview of how integrin function is regulated from both a biochemical and a mechanical perspective, affecting integrin cell-surface availability, binding properties, activation or clustering. Then, we address how this biomechanical regulation allows integrins to respond to different ECM physicochemical properties and signals, such as rigidity, composition and spatial distribution. Finally, we discuss the importance of this sensing for major cell functions by taking cell migration and cancer as examples.
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213
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Murrey MW, Steer JH, Greenland EL, Proudfoot JM, Joyce DA, Pixley FJ. Adhesion, motility and matrix-degrading gene expression changes in CSF-1-induced mouse macrophage differentiation. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs232405. [PMID: 32005697 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.232405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Migratory macrophages play critical roles in tissue development, homeostasis and disease, so it is important to understand how their migration machinery is regulated. Whole-transcriptome sequencing revealed that CSF-1-stimulated differentiation of bone marrow-derived precursors into mature macrophages is accompanied by widespread, profound changes in the expression of genes regulating adhesion, actin cytoskeletal remodeling and extracellular matrix degradation. Significantly altered expression of almost 40% of adhesion genes, 60-86% of Rho family GTPases, their regulators and effectors and over 70% of extracellular proteases occurred. The gene expression changes were mirrored by changes in macrophage adhesion associated with increases in motility and matrix-degrading capacity. IL-4 further increased motility and matrix-degrading capacity in mature macrophages, with additional changes in migration machinery gene expression. Finally, siRNA-induced reductions in the expression of the core adhesion proteins paxillin and leupaxin decreased macrophage spreading and the number of adhesions, with distinct effects on adhesion and their distribution, and on matrix degradation. Together, the datasets provide an important resource to increase our understanding of the regulation of migration in macrophages and to develop therapies targeting disease-enhancing macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Murrey
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - James H Steer
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Eloise L Greenland
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Julie M Proudfoot
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - David A Joyce
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Fiona J Pixley
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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214
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de Bruin RG, Vogel G, Prins J, Duijs JMJG, Bijkerk R, van der Zande HJP, van Gils JM, de Boer HC, Rabelink TJ, van Zonneveld AJ, van der Veer EP, Richard S. Targeting the RNA-Binding Protein QKI in Myeloid Cells Ameliorates Macrophage-Induced Renal Interstitial Fibrosis. EPIGENOMES 2020; 4:epigenomes4010002. [PMID: 34968236 PMCID: PMC8594696 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes4010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the pathophysiologic setting of acute and chronic kidney injury, the excessive activation and recruitment of blood-borne monocytes prompts their differentiation into inflammatory macrophages, a process that leads to progressive glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. Importantly, this differentiation of monocytes into macrophages requires the meticulous coordination of gene expression at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. The transcriptomes of these cells are ultimately determined by RNA-binding proteins such as QUAKING (QKI), that define their pre-mRNA splicing and mRNA transcript patterns. Using two mouse models, namely (1) quaking viable mice (qkv) and (2) the conditional deletion in the myeloid cell lineage using the lysozyme 2-Cre (QKIFL/FL;LysM-Cre mice), we demonstrate that the abrogation of QKI expression in the myeloid cell lineage reduces macrophage infiltration following kidney injury induced by unilateral urethral obstruction (UUO). The qkv and QKIFL/FL;LysM-Cre mice both showed significant diminished interstitial collagen deposition and fibrosis in the UUO-damaged kidney, as compared to wild-type littermates. We show that macrophages isolated from QKIFL/FL;LysM-Cre mice are associated with defects in pre-mRNA splicing. Our findings demonstrate that reduced expression of the alternative splice regulator QKI in the cells of myeloid lineage attenuates renal interstitial fibrosis, suggesting that inhibition of this splice regulator may be of therapeutic value for certain kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben G. de Bruin
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, C7-36, PO Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (R.G.d.B.); (J.P.); (J.M.J.G.D.); (R.B.); (H.J.P.v.d.Z.); (J.M.v.G.); (H.C.d.B.); (T.J.R.); (A.J.v.Z.)
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology and Departments of Biochemistry, Human Genetics and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada;
| | - Gillian Vogel
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology and Departments of Biochemistry, Human Genetics and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada;
| | - Jurrien Prins
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, C7-36, PO Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (R.G.d.B.); (J.P.); (J.M.J.G.D.); (R.B.); (H.J.P.v.d.Z.); (J.M.v.G.); (H.C.d.B.); (T.J.R.); (A.J.v.Z.)
| | - Jacques M. J. G. Duijs
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, C7-36, PO Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (R.G.d.B.); (J.P.); (J.M.J.G.D.); (R.B.); (H.J.P.v.d.Z.); (J.M.v.G.); (H.C.d.B.); (T.J.R.); (A.J.v.Z.)
| | - Roel Bijkerk
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, C7-36, PO Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (R.G.d.B.); (J.P.); (J.M.J.G.D.); (R.B.); (H.J.P.v.d.Z.); (J.M.v.G.); (H.C.d.B.); (T.J.R.); (A.J.v.Z.)
| | - Hendrik J. P. van der Zande
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, C7-36, PO Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (R.G.d.B.); (J.P.); (J.M.J.G.D.); (R.B.); (H.J.P.v.d.Z.); (J.M.v.G.); (H.C.d.B.); (T.J.R.); (A.J.v.Z.)
| | - Janine M. van Gils
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, C7-36, PO Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (R.G.d.B.); (J.P.); (J.M.J.G.D.); (R.B.); (H.J.P.v.d.Z.); (J.M.v.G.); (H.C.d.B.); (T.J.R.); (A.J.v.Z.)
| | - Hetty C. de Boer
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, C7-36, PO Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (R.G.d.B.); (J.P.); (J.M.J.G.D.); (R.B.); (H.J.P.v.d.Z.); (J.M.v.G.); (H.C.d.B.); (T.J.R.); (A.J.v.Z.)
| | - Ton J. Rabelink
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, C7-36, PO Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (R.G.d.B.); (J.P.); (J.M.J.G.D.); (R.B.); (H.J.P.v.d.Z.); (J.M.v.G.); (H.C.d.B.); (T.J.R.); (A.J.v.Z.)
| | - Anton Jan van Zonneveld
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, C7-36, PO Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (R.G.d.B.); (J.P.); (J.M.J.G.D.); (R.B.); (H.J.P.v.d.Z.); (J.M.v.G.); (H.C.d.B.); (T.J.R.); (A.J.v.Z.)
| | - Eric P. van der Veer
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, C7-36, PO Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (R.G.d.B.); (J.P.); (J.M.J.G.D.); (R.B.); (H.J.P.v.d.Z.); (J.M.v.G.); (H.C.d.B.); (T.J.R.); (A.J.v.Z.)
- Correspondence: (E.P.v.d.V.); (S.R.)
| | - Stéphane Richard
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology and Departments of Biochemistry, Human Genetics and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada;
- Correspondence: (E.P.v.d.V.); (S.R.)
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215
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Alessandra G, Algerta M, Paola M, Carsten S, Cristina L, Paolo M, Elisa M, Gabriella T, Carla P. Shaping Pancreatic β-Cell Differentiation and Functioning: The Influence of Mechanotransduction. Cells 2020; 9:E413. [PMID: 32053947 PMCID: PMC7072458 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonic and pluripotent stem cells hold great promise in generating β-cells for both replacing medicine and novel therapeutic discoveries in diabetes mellitus. However, their differentiation in vitro is still inefficient, and functional studies reveal that most of these β-like cells still fail to fully mirror the adult β-cell physiology. For their proper growth and functioning, β-cells require a very specific environment, the islet niche, which provides a myriad of chemical and physical signals. While the nature and effects of chemical stimuli have been widely characterized, less is known about the mechanical signals. We here review the current status of knowledge of biophysical cues provided by the niche where β-cells normally live and differentiate, and we underline the possible machinery designated for mechanotransduction in β-cells. Although the regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood, the analysis reveals that β-cells are equipped with all mechanosensors and signaling proteins actively involved in mechanotransduction in other cell types, and they respond to mechanical cues by changing their behavior. By engineering microenvironments mirroring the biophysical niche properties it is possible to elucidate the β-cell mechanotransductive-regulatory mechanisms and to harness them for the promotion of β-cell differentiation capacity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galli Alessandra
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20134 Milan, Italy
| | - Marku Algerta
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20134 Milan, Italy
| | - Marciani Paola
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20134 Milan, Italy
| | - Schulte Carsten
- CIMAINA, Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lenardi Cristina
- CIMAINA, Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Milani Paolo
- CIMAINA, Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Maffioli Elisa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Tedeschi Gabriella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Perego Carla
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20134 Milan, Italy
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216
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The Extracellular Matrix: An Accomplice in Gastric Cancer Development and Progression. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020394. [PMID: 32046329 PMCID: PMC7072625 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic and highly organized tissue structure, providing support and maintaining normal epithelial architecture. In the last decade, increasing evidence has emerged demonstrating that alterations in ECM composition and assembly strongly affect cellular function and behavior. Even though the detailed mechanisms underlying cell-ECM crosstalk are yet to unravel, it is well established that ECM deregulation accompanies the development of many pathological conditions, such as gastric cancer. Notably, gastric cancer remains a worldwide concern, representing the third most frequent cause of cancer-associated deaths. Despite increased surveillance protocols, patients are usually diagnosed at advanced disease stages, urging the identification of novel diagnostic biomarkers and efficient therapeutic strategies. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview regarding expression patterns of ECM components and cognate receptors described in normal gastric epithelium, pre-malignant lesions, and gastric carcinomas. Important insights are also discussed for the use of ECM-associated molecules as predictive biomarkers of the disease or as potential targets in gastric cancer.
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217
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Gao Q, Lei F, Zeng Q, Gao Z, Niu P, Junnan, Ning, Li J, Zhang J. Functional Passenger-Strand miRNAs in Exosomes Derived from Human Colon Cancer Cells and Their Heterogeneous Paracrine Effects. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:1044-1058. [PMID: 32140072 PMCID: PMC7053335 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.40787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosome-mediated microRNAs (miRNAs) are closely related to the occurrence, development, invasion, metastasis, therapeutic resistance, diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors. Guide-strand miRNA and passenger-strand miRNA (miRNA*) exist in miRNA processing, but the function of passenger-strand miRNA is often overlooked. In this study, we attempted to identify functional miRNA*s in exosomes derived from human colon cancer SW620 cells. miRNA expression profiles of human normal colonic epithelial cells NCM460 and colon cancer cells SW620 were compared by high-throughput sequencing. According to the sequencing results, we defined two sets of differentially expressed miRNAs: "high in exosome and high in cell" (HEHC) and "high in exosome but low in cell" (HELC). As passenger-strand miRNAs, miR-2277-3p and miR-26b-3p, which belong to different sets, have diametrically opposite functions. MiR-2277-3p promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion of SW620 cells by targeting NUPR1L, while miR-26b-3p exerts an inhibitory effect by targeting PFDN1. Using exosomes as transport vectors, the effect of exosomes rich in miR-2277-3p on cells is consistent with the effect of liposome-transfected overexpressed miR-2277-3p, resulting in a cancer-promoting effect. However, exosomes rich in miR-26b-3p did not have a tumor suppressor effect. Further analysis revealed that exosomes rich in miR-2277-3p also had a high abundance of integrin β4. Altering the abundance of integrin β4 in exosomes changes the ability of exosomes to be taken up by cells, thereby altering the paracrine effects of exosomes. In summary, we revealed the fact that a large number of passenger-strand miRNAs exist in exosomes of colon cancer cells, these miRNAs are preliminarily categorized into two sets, and miR-2277-3p and miR-26b-3p, as representatives of each set, showed opposite functions. In addition, we revealed that integrin β4 is a marker of exosome heterogeneity in colon cancer cells, which directly correlates with the ability of exosomes to be uptaken by cells of the same kind, thus regulating the paracrine effect of exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingkun Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050. China
| | - Fuming Lei
- Department of General Surgery, Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Qingmin Zeng
- Department of General Surgery, Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Zhaoya Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Pengfei Niu
- Department of General Surgery, Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Junnan
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050. China.,Department of General Surgery, Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing 100144, China.,Research Department, Genex Health Co., Ltd, Beijing 100195, China
| | - Ning
- Research Department, Genex Health Co., Ltd, Beijing 100195, China
| | - Jie Li
- Research Department, Genex Health Co., Ltd, Beijing 100195, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050. China
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218
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Spoerri PM, Strohmeyer N, Sun Z, Fässler R, Müller DJ. Protease-activated receptor signalling initiates α 5β 1-integrin-mediated adhesion in non-haematopoietic cells. NATURE MATERIALS 2020; 19:218-226. [PMID: 31959953 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0580-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Haematopoietic cells and platelets employ G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to sense extracellular information and respond by initiating integrin-mediated adhesion. So far, such processes have not been demonstrated in non-haematopoietic cells. Here, we report that the activation of protease-activated receptors PAR1 and PAR2 induce multiple signalling pathways to establish α5β1-integrin-mediated adhesion. First, PARs signal via Gβγ and PI3K to α5β1-integrins to adopt a talin- and kindlin-dependent high-affinity conformation, which triggers fibronectin binding and initiates cell adhesion. Then, within 60 s, PARs signal via Gα13, Gαi, ROCK and Src to strengthen the α5β1-integrin-mediated adhesion. Furthermore, PAR signalling changes the abundance of numerous proteins in the adhesome assembled by α5β1-integrins, including Gα13, vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 36, and band 4.1-like protein 4B or 5, and accelerates cell adhesion maturation, spreading and migration. The mechanistic insights describe how agonist binding to PAR employs GPCR and integrin-signalling pathways to initiate and regulate adhesion and to guide physiological responses of non-haematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia M Spoerri
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nico Strohmeyer
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zhiqi Sun
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Reinhard Fässler
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Daniel J Müller
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Basel, Switzerland.
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219
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Lu J, Doyle AD, Shinsato Y, Wang S, Bodendorfer MA, Zheng M, Yamada KM. Basement Membrane Regulates Fibronectin Organization Using Sliding Focal Adhesions Driven by a Contractile Winch. Dev Cell 2020; 52:631-646.e4. [PMID: 32004443 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We have discovered that basement membrane and its major components can induce rapid, strikingly robust fibronectin organization. In this new matrix assembly mechanism, α5β1 integrin-based focal adhesions slide actively on the underlying matrix toward the ventral cell center through the dynamic shortening of myosin IIA-associated actin stress fibers to drive rapid fibronectin fibrillogenesis distal to the adhesion. This mechanism contrasts with classical fibronectin assembly based on stable or fixed-position focal adhesions containing αVβ3 integrins plus α5β1 integrin translocation into proximal fibrillar adhesions. On basement membrane components, these sliding focal adhesions contain standard focal adhesion constituents but completely lack classical αVβ3 integrins. Instead, peripheral α3β1 or α2β1 adhesions mediate initial cell attachment but over time are switched to α5β1 integrin-based sliding focal adhesions to assemble fibronectin matrix. This basement-membrane-triggered mechanism produces rapid fibronectin fibrillogenesis, providing a mechanistic explanation for the well-known widespread accumulation of fibronectin at many organ basement membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyang Lu
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Andrew D Doyle
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yoshinari Shinsato
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shaohe Wang
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Molly A Bodendorfer
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Minhua Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Kenneth M Yamada
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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220
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Zhou R, Tang X, Li L, Zhang F, Sun J, Ju C, Zhou Y, Liu R, Liang Y, Lv B, Zhang Z, Hu H, Lv XB. Identification of BRMS1L as Metastasis Suppressing Gene in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:531-539. [PMID: 32021462 PMCID: PMC6987535 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s232632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 like (BRMS1-like)was first reported to be a component of the Sin3-HDAC complex, but the role in the progression of cancers was largely unknown. Our previous study reported that BRMS1L promoted the metastasis of breast cancer through facilitating the recruitment of HDAC complex to the promoter FZD10, and hence suppressing the transcription of FZD10. Methods In this study, we detected the expression level of BRMS1L in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The effect of BRMS1L in TE-1D (knockdown) and ECA-109 (overexpression) cell lines was explored by transwell assays, wound healing assays, and cell adhesion assays. Quantitative real‑time PCR, Western blot analysis, and luciferase assays were used to detect the interaction of the CBP/P300-BRMS1L-ITGA7 axis. Results In the present study, we found that knockdown of BRMS1L promoted the migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Conversely, overexpression of BRMS1L inhibited the migration and invasion of ESCC. Mechanistically, BRMS1L exerted their metastasis-suppressing role via transcriptionally repress ITGA7 expression. Moreover, we revealed that CBP/p 300 regulated the expression of BRMS1L and might be responsible for the down-regulation of BRMS1L in ESCC. Conclusion Collectively, we identified the role of CBP/p300-BRMS1L-ITGA7 axis in the metastasis of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihao Zhou
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 30008, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pain Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Tang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 30008, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330008, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifei Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 30008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Sun
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 30008, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Ju
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 30008, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University,Nanchang 330008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Oncology,Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Renfeng Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 30008, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University,Nanchang 330008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiping Liang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 30008, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Lv
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 30008, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University,Nanchang 330008, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 30008, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University,Nanchang 330008, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- Department of Oncology,Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Bin Lv
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 30008, People's Republic of China
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Haeger A, Alexander S, Vullings M, Kaiser FM, Veelken C, Flucke U, Koehl GE, Hirschberg M, Flentje M, Hoffman RM, Geissler EK, Kissler S, Friedl P. Collective cancer invasion forms an integrin-dependent radioresistant niche. J Exp Med 2020; 217:e20181184. [PMID: 31658985 PMCID: PMC7037234 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer fatalities result from metastatic dissemination and therapy resistance, both processes that depend on signals from the tumor microenvironment. To identify how invasion and resistance programs cooperate, we used intravital microscopy of orthotopic sarcoma and melanoma xenografts. We demonstrate that these tumors invade collectively and that, specifically, cells within the invasion zone acquire increased resistance to radiotherapy, rapidly normalize DNA damage, and preferentially survive. Using a candidate-based approach to identify effectors of invasion-associated resistance, we targeted β1 and αVβ3/β5 integrins, essential extracellular matrix receptors in mesenchymal tumors, which mediate cancer progression and resistance. Combining radiotherapy with β1 or αV integrin monotargeting in invading tumors led to relapse and metastasis in 40-60% of the cohort, in line with recently failed clinical trials individually targeting integrins. However, when combined, anti-β1/αV integrin dual targeting achieved relapse-free radiosensitization and prevented metastatic escape. Collectively, invading cancer cells thus withstand radiotherapy and DNA damage by β1/αVβ3/β5 integrin cross-talk, but efficient radiosensitization can be achieved by multiple integrin targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Haeger
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Stephanie Alexander
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and Allergology, University of Würzburg, Germany
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Manon Vullings
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Fabian M.P. Kaiser
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Uta Flucke
- Department of Pathology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Gudrun E. Koehl
- Department of Surgery, Section of Experimental Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Hirschberg
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and Allergology, University of Würzburg, Germany
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Flentje
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Robert M. Hoffman
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA
| | - Edward K. Geissler
- Department of Surgery, Section of Experimental Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Kissler
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peter Friedl
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and Allergology, University of Würzburg, Germany
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Schulte C. Cluster-assembled nanostructured materials for cell biology. CLUSTER BEAM DEPOSITION OF FUNCTIONAL NANOMATERIALS AND DEVICES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-102515-4.00010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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224
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Naba A, Ricard-Blum S. The Extracellular Matrix Goes -Omics: Resources and Tools. EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX OMICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-58330-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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225
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Khan RB, Goult BT. Adhesions Assemble!-Autoinhibition as a Major Regulatory Mechanism of Integrin-Mediated Adhesion. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:144. [PMID: 31921890 PMCID: PMC6927945 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of cell-cell and cell-extracellular adhesion enabled cells to interact in a coherent manner, forming larger structures and giving rise to the development of tissues, organs and complex multicellular life forms. The development of such organisms required tight regulation of dynamic adhesive structures by signaling pathways that coordinate cell attachment. Integrin-mediated adhesion to the extracellular matrix provides cells with support, survival signals and context-dependent cues that enable cells to run different cellular programs. One mysterious aspect of the process is how hundreds of proteins assemble seemingly spontaneously onto the activated integrin. An emerging concept is that adhesion assembly is regulated by autoinhibition of key proteins, a highly dynamic event that is modulated by a variety of signaling events. By enabling precise control of the activation state of proteins, autoinhibition enables localization of inactive proteins and the formation of pre-complexes. In response to the correct signals, these proteins become active and interact with other proteins, ultimately leading to development of cell-matrix junctions. Autoinhibition of key components of such adhesion complexes—including core components integrin, talin, vinculin, and FAK and important peripheral regulators such as RIAM, Src, and DLC1—leads to a view that the majority of proteins involved in complex assembly might be regulated by intramolecular interactions. Autoinhibition is relieved via multiple different signals including post-translation modification and proteolysis. More recently, mechanical forces have been shown to stabilize and increase the lifetimes of active conformations, identifying autoinhibition as a means of encoding mechanosensitivity. The complexity and scope for nuanced adhesion dynamics facilitated via autoinhibition provides numerous points of regulation. In this review, we discuss what is known about this mode of regulation and how it leads to rapid and tightly controlled assembly and disassembly of cell-matrix adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rejina B Khan
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
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226
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PINCH-1 interacts with myoferlin to promote breast cancer progression and metastasis. Oncogene 2019; 39:2069-2087. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1135-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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227
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Cinà DP, Ketela T, Brown KR, Chandrashekhar M, Mero P, Li C, Onay T, Fu Y, Han Z, Saleem M, Moffat J, Quaggin SE. Forward genetic screen in human podocytes identifies diphthamide biosynthesis genes as regulators of adhesion. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F1593-F1604. [PMID: 31566424 PMCID: PMC6962514 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00195.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocyte function is tightly linked to the complex organization of its cytoskeleton and adhesion to the underlying glomerular basement membrane. Adhesion of cultured podocytes to a variety of substrates is reported to correlate with podocyte health. To identify novel genes that are important for podocyte function, we designed an in vitro genetic screen based on podocyte adhesion to plates coated with either fibronectin or soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFLT1)/Fc. A genome-scale pooled RNA interference screen on immortalized human podocytes identified 77 genes that increased adhesion to fibronectin, 101 genes that increased adhesion to sFLT1/Fc, and 44 genes that increased adhesion to both substrates when knocked down. Multiple shRNAs against diphthamide biosynthesis protein 1-4 (DPH1-DPH4) were top hits for increased adhesion. Immortalized human podocyte cells stably expressing these hairpins displayed increased adhesion to both substrates. We then used CRISPR-Cas9 to generate podocyte knockout cells for DPH1, DPH2, or DPH3, which also displayed increased adhesion to both fibronectin and sFLT1/Fc, as well as a spreading defect. Finally, we showed that Drosophila nephrocyte-specific knockdown of Dph1, Dph2, and Dph4 resulted in altered nephrocyte function. In summary, we report here a novel high-throughput method to identify genes important for podocyte function. Given the central role of podocyte adhesion as a marker of podocyte health, these data are a rich source of candidate regulators of glomerular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide P Cinà
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Troy Ketela
- Donnelly Centre, Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin R Brown
- Donnelly Centre, Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Megha Chandrashekhar
- Donnelly Centre, Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patricia Mero
- Donnelly Centre, Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chengjin Li
- Tanenbaum-Lunenfeld Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tuncer Onay
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yulong Fu
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Zhe Han
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Moin Saleem
- School of Clinical Sciences, Children's Renal Unit and Academic Renal Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Moffat
- Donnelly Centre, Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan E Quaggin
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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228
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Paddillaya N, Mishra A, Kondaiah P, Pullarkat P, Menon GI, Gundiah N. Biophysics of Cell-Substrate Interactions Under Shear. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:251. [PMID: 31781558 PMCID: PMC6857480 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells adhere to substrates through mechanosensitive focal adhesion complexes. Measurements that probe how cells detach from substrates when they experience an applied force connect molecular-scale aspects of cell adhesion with the biophysical properties of adherent cells. Such forces can be applied through shear devices that flow fluid in a controlled manner across cells. The signaling pathways associated with focal adhesions, in particular those that involve integrins and receptor tyrosine kinases, are complex, receiving mechano-chemical feedback from the sensing of substrate stiffness as well as of external forces. This article reviews the signaling processes involved in mechanosensing and mechanotransduction during cell-substrate interactions, describing the role such signaling plays in cancer metastasis. We examine some recent progress in quantifying the strength of these interactions, describing a novel fluid shear device that allows for the visualization of the cell and its sub-cellular structures under a shear flow. We also summarize related results from a biophysical model for cellular de-adhesion induced by applied forces. Quantifying cell-substrate adhesions under shear should aid in the development of mechano-diagnostic techniques for diseases in which cell-adhesion is mis-regulated, such as cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Paddillaya
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Ashish Mishra
- Soft Condensed Matter Group, Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Paturu Kondaiah
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Pramod Pullarkat
- Soft Condensed Matter Group, Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Gautam I Menon
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.,Department of Physics, Ashoka University, Sonepat, India
| | - Namrata Gundiah
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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229
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Sphingosine 1-Phosphate (S1P)/ S1P Receptor Signaling and Mechanotransduction: Implications for Intrinsic Tissue Repair/Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225545. [PMID: 31703256 PMCID: PMC6888058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue damage, irrespective from the underlying etiology, destroys tissue structure and, eventually, function. In attempt to achieve a morpho-functional recover of the damaged tissue, reparative/regenerative processes start in those tissues endowed with regenerative potential, mainly mediated by activated resident stem cells. These cells reside in a specialized niche that includes different components, cells and surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM), which, reciprocally interacting with stem cells, direct their cell behavior. Evidence suggests that ECM stiffness represents an instructive signal for the activation of stem cells sensing it by various mechanosensors, able to transduce mechanical cues into gene/protein expression responses. The actin cytoskeleton network dynamic acts as key mechanotransducer of ECM signal. The identification of signaling pathways influencing stem cell mechanobiology may offer therapeutic perspectives in the regenerative medicine field. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)/S1P receptor (S1PR) signaling, acting as modulator of ECM, ECM-cytoskeleton linking proteins and cytoskeleton dynamics appears a promising candidate. This review focuses on the current knowledge on the contribution of S1P/S1PR signaling in the control of mechanotransduction in stem/progenitor cells. The potential contribution of S1P/S1PR signaling in the mechanobiology of skeletal muscle stem cells will be argued based on the intriguing findings on S1P/S1PR action in this mechanically dynamic tissue.
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230
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Pankov R, Momchilova A, Stefanova N, Yamada KM. Characterization of stitch adhesions: Fibronectin-containing cell-cell contacts formed by fibroblasts. Exp Cell Res 2019; 384:111616. [PMID: 31499058 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fibronectin is a multifunctional, extracellular matrix glycoprotein that exists either as an insoluble multimeric fibrillar component of the extracellular matrix or as a soluble monomer. Cells attach to fibronectin through transmembrane integrin receptors and form a variety of cell-matrix contacts. Here we show that primary fibroblasts can use fibronectin to organize a specific cell-cell contact - "stitch adhesions." This contact is formed by short parallel fibronectin fibrils connecting adjacent cells above the level of the focal adhesions that attach the cells to the substrate. Stitch adhesions contain integrin α5β1 but not αVβ3, align with actin filament bundles, and contain talin, tensin, α-actinin, vinculin, paxillin and a phosphorylated form of focal adhesion kinase. This combination of components differs from the described constituents of the known cell adhesions. Stitch adhesions are organized when protein synthesis and secretion are inhibited by cycloheximide and exogenous fibronectin is provided to the cells. The adhesion stitches described here provide an attractive model system for studying fibronectin fibrillogenesis and the mechanisms governing the formation of cellular adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roumen Pankov
- Department of Cytology, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 8, Dragan Tsankov Str, 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Albena Momchilova
- Department of Lipid-Protein Interactions, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. Bl 21, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nadezhda Stefanova
- Department of Cytology, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 8, Dragan Tsankov Str, 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Kenneth M Yamada
- Cell Biology Section, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4370, USA
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231
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Seetharaman S, Etienne-Manneville S. Microtubules at focal adhesions – a double-edged sword. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:132/19/jcs232843. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.232843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix is essential for cellular processes, such as migration and invasion. In response to cues from the microenvironment, integrin-mediated adhesions alter cellular behaviour through cytoskeletal rearrangements. The tight association of the actin cytoskeleton with adhesive structures has been extensively studied, whereas the microtubule network in this context has gathered far less attention. In recent years, however, microtubules have emerged as key regulators of cell adhesion and migration through their participation in adhesion turnover and cellular signalling. In this Review, we focus on the interactions between microtubules and integrin-mediated adhesions, in particular, focal adhesions and podosomes. Starting with the association of microtubules with these adhesive structures, we describe the classical role of microtubules in vesicular trafficking, which is involved in the turnover of cell adhesions, before discussing how microtubules can also influence the actin–focal adhesion interplay through RhoGTPase signalling, thereby orchestrating a very crucial crosstalk between the cytoskeletal networks and adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailaja Seetharaman
- Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR3691 CNRS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75015 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Center for Research and Interdisciplinarity, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 12 Rue de l'École de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Etienne-Manneville
- Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR3691 CNRS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75015 Paris, France
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232
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Chighizola M, Dini T, Lenardi C, Milani P, Podestà A, Schulte C. Mechanotransduction in neuronal cell development and functioning. Biophys Rev 2019; 11:701-720. [PMID: 31617079 PMCID: PMC6815321 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-019-00587-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many details remain still elusive, it became increasingly evident in recent years that mechanosensing of microenvironmental biophysical cues and subsequent mechanotransduction are strongly involved in the regulation of neuronal cell development and functioning. This review gives an overview about the current understanding of brain and neuronal cell mechanobiology and how it impacts on neurogenesis, neuronal migration, differentiation, and maturation. We will focus particularly on the events in the cell/microenvironment interface and the decisive extracellular matrix (ECM) parameters (i.e. rigidity and nanometric spatial organisation of adhesion sites) that modulate integrin adhesion complex-based mechanosensing and mechanotransductive signalling. It will also be outlined how biomaterial approaches mimicking essential ECM features help to understand these processes and how they can be used to control and guide neuronal cell behaviour by providing appropriate biophysical cues. In addition, principal biophysical methods will be highlighted that have been crucial for the study of neuronal mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Chighizola
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (C.I.Ma.I.Na.) and Department of Physics ``Aldo Pontremoli'', Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Tania Dini
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (C.I.Ma.I.Na.) and Department of Physics ``Aldo Pontremoli'', Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Lenardi
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (C.I.Ma.I.Na.) and Department of Physics ``Aldo Pontremoli'', Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Milani
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (C.I.Ma.I.Na.) and Department of Physics ``Aldo Pontremoli'', Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Podestà
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (C.I.Ma.I.Na.) and Department of Physics ``Aldo Pontremoli'', Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Carsten Schulte
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (C.I.Ma.I.Na.) and Department of Physics ``Aldo Pontremoli'', Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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Hoock SC, Ritter A, Steinhäuser K, Roth S, Behrends C, Oswald F, Solbach C, Louwen F, Kreis N, Yuan J. RITA modulates cell migration and invasion by affecting focal adhesion dynamics. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:2121-2141. [PMID: 31353815 PMCID: PMC6763788 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
RITA, the RBP-J interacting and tubulin-associated protein, has been reported to be related to tumor development, but the underlying mechanisms are not understood. Since RITA interacts with tubulin and coats microtubules of the cytoskeleton, we hypothesized that it is involved in cell motility. We show here that depletion of RITA reduces cell migration and invasion of diverse cancer cell lines and mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Cells depleted of RITA display stable focal adhesions (FA) with elevated active integrin, phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase, and paxillin. This is accompanied by enlarged size and disturbed turnover of FA. These cells also demonstrate increased polymerized tubulin. Interestingly, RITA is precipitated with the lipoma-preferred partner (LPP), which is critical in actin cytoskeleton remodeling and cell migration. Suppression of RITA results in reduced LPP and α-actinin at FA leading to compromised focal adhesion turnover and actin dynamics. This study identifies RITA as a novel crucial player in cell migration and invasion by affecting the turnover of FA through its interference with the dynamics of actin filaments and microtubules. Its deregulation may contribute to malignant progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Catharina Hoock
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of MedicineJ. W. Goethe‐UniversityFrankfurtGermany
| | - Andreas Ritter
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of MedicineJ. W. Goethe‐UniversityFrankfurtGermany
| | - Kerstin Steinhäuser
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of MedicineJ. W. Goethe‐UniversityFrankfurtGermany
- Present address:
Solvadis Distribution GmbHGernsheimGermany
| | - Susanne Roth
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of MedicineJ. W. Goethe‐UniversityFrankfurtGermany
| | - Christian Behrends
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Medical SchoolJ. W.‐Goethe UniversityFrankfurtGermany
- Present address:
Munich Cluster of Systems NeurologyLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Franz Oswald
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Center for Internal MedicineMedical Center UlmGermany
| | - Christine Solbach
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of MedicineJ. W. Goethe‐UniversityFrankfurtGermany
| | - Frank Louwen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of MedicineJ. W. Goethe‐UniversityFrankfurtGermany
| | - Nina‐Naomi Kreis
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of MedicineJ. W. Goethe‐UniversityFrankfurtGermany
| | - Juping Yuan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of MedicineJ. W. Goethe‐UniversityFrankfurtGermany
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234
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Alfieri R, Vassalli M, Viti F. Flow-induced mechanotransduction in skeletal cells. Biophys Rev 2019; 11:729-743. [PMID: 31529361 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-019-00596-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human body is subject to many and variegated mechanical stimuli, actuated in different ranges of force, frequency, and duration. The process through which cells "feel" forces and convert them into biochemical cascades is called mechanotransduction. In this review, the effects of fluid shear stress on bone cells will be presented. After an introduction to present the major players in bone system, we describe the mechanoreceptors in bone tissue that can feel and process fluid flow. In the second part of the review, we present an overview of the biological processes and biochemical cascades initiated by fluid shear stress in bone cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Alfieri
- Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza" - National Research Council (IGM-CNR), Via Abbiategrasso, 207, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Massimo Vassalli
- Institute of Biophysics - National Research Council (IBF-CNR), Via De Marini, 6, 16149, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federica Viti
- Institute of Biophysics - National Research Council (IBF-CNR), Via De Marini, 6, 16149, Genoa, Italy.
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235
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Wang C, Wang T, Lv D, Li L, Yue J, Chen HZ, Xu L. Acquired Resistance to EGFR TKIs Mediated by TGFβ1/Integrin β3 Signaling in EGFR-Mutant Lung Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:2357-2367. [PMID: 31501278 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of novel molecular mechanisms is essential to develop strategies to overcome acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Integrin has been demonstrated as a regulator of cancer progression. The aim of this study was to identify which specific integrins are involved and regulated in acquired resistance to EGFR TKIs in EGFR-mutant lung cancer. The expression levels of integrin subunits were examined in EGFR-mutant lung cancer cells and xenograft tumors with acquired resistance to EGFR TKIs. Manipulation of integrin β3 was performed to explore whether integrin β3 overexpression was associated with TKI resistance, anoikis resistance, EMT, and cancer stemness in resistant lung cancer. To explore the mechanism, TGFβ1 level was examined, and TGFβ1 inhibitor was then used. Integrin β3 was dramatically and consistently overexpressed in acquired gefitinib- or osimertinib-resistant lung cancer in vitro and in vivo Integrin β3 was also involved in the progression of lung adenocarcinoma. Antagonizing integrin β3 increased the TKI sensitivity and delayed the occurrence of TKI resistance in vitro and in vivo, as well as suppressed proliferation, anoikis resistance, and EMT phenotype in lung cancer cells. Overexpression of integrin β3 was also associated with the enhanced cancer stemness that was acquired in the development of resistance and suppressed by antagonizing integrin β3. Mechanistically, integrin β3 was induced by increased TGFβ1 levels in acquired TKI-resistant lung cancer. Our study identified the TGFβ1/integrin β3 axis as a promising target for combination therapy to delay or overcome acquired resistance to EGFR TKIs in EGFR-mutant lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dacheng Lv
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinnan Yue
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Zhuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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236
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Asaro RJ, Lin K, Zhu Q. Mechanosensitivity Occurs along the Adhesome's Force Train and Affects Traction Stress. Biophys J 2019; 117:1599-1614. [PMID: 31604520 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we consider the process of force development along the adhesome within cell focal adhesions. Our model adhesome consists of the actin cytoskeleton-vinculin-talin-integrin-ligand-extracellular matrix-substrate force train. We specifically consider the effects of substrate stiffness on the force levels expected along the train and on the traction stresses they create at the substrate. We find that significant effects of substrate stiffness are manifest within each constitutive component of the force train and on the density and distribution of integrin/ligand anchorage points with the substrate. By following each component of the force train, we are able to delineate specific gaps in the quantitative descriptions of bond survival that must be addressed so that improved quantitative forecasts become possible. Our analysis provides, however, a rational description for the various levels of traction stresses that have been reported and of the effect of substrate stiffness. Our approach has the advantage of being quite clear as to how each constituent contributes to the net development of force and traction stress. We demonstrate that to provide truly quantitative forecasts for traction stress, a far more detailed description of integrin/ligand density and distribution is required. Although integrin density is already a well-recognized important feature of adhesion, our analysis places a finer point on it in the manner of how we evaluate the magnitude of traction stress. We provide mechanistic insight into how understanding of this vital element of the adhesion process may proceed by addressing mechanistic causes of integrin clustering that may lead to patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Asaro
- Structural Engineering, Department of Structural Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California.
| | - Kuanpo Lin
- Structural Engineering, Department of Structural Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Structural Engineering, Department of Structural Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
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237
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Abstract
Myosin 2 plays a central role in numerous, fundamental, actin-based biological processes, including cell migration, cell division, and the adhesion of cells to substrates and other cells. Here, we highlight recent studies in which the forces created by actomyosin 2 have been shown to also impact tension-sensitive ion channels and cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Quintanilla
- Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Center for Translational Research and Education, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - John A Hammer
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jordan R Beach
- Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Center for Translational Research and Education, Maywood, IL, USA
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238
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Prediction of Protein-Protein Interactions Based on Domain. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2019; 2019:5238406. [PMID: 31531123 PMCID: PMC6720845 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5238406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) play a crucial role in various biological processes. To better comprehend the pathogenesis and treatments of various diseases, it is necessary to learn the detail of these interactions. However, the current experimental method still has many false-positive and false-negative problems. Computational prediction of protein-protein interaction has become a more important prediction method which can overcome the obstacles of the experimental method. In this work, we proposed a novel computational domain-based method for PPI prediction, and an SVM model for the prediction was built based on the physicochemical property of the domain. The outcomes of SVM and the domain-domain score were used to construct the prediction model for protein-protein interaction. The predicted results demonstrated the domain-based research can enhance the ability to predict protein interactions.
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239
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Rudden LSP, Degiacomi MT. Protein Docking Using a Single Representation for Protein Surface, Electrostatics, and Local Dynamics. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:5135-5143. [PMID: 31390206 PMCID: PMC7007192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Predicting the assembly of multiple proteins into specific complexes is critical to understanding their biological function in an organism and thus the design of drugs to address their malfunction. Proteins are flexible molecules, which inherently pose a problem to any protein docking computational method, where even a simple rearrangement of the side chain and backbone atoms at the interface of binding partners complicates the successful determination of the correct docked pose. Herein, we present a means of representing protein surface, electrostatics, and local dynamics within a single volumetric descriptor. We show that our representations can be physically related to the surface-accessible solvent area and mass of the protein. We then demonstrate that the application of this representation into a protein-protein docking scenario bypasses the need to compensate for, and predict, specific side chain packing at the interface of binding partners. This representation is leveraged in our de novo protein docking software, JabberDock, which can accurately and robustly predict difficult target complexes with an average success rate of >54%, which is comparable to or greater than the currently available methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas S P Rudden
- Department of Chemistry , Durham University , South Road , Durham DH1 3LE , U.K
| | - Matteo T Degiacomi
- Department of Chemistry , Durham University , South Road , Durham DH1 3LE , U.K
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240
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Jones MC, Zha J, Humphries MJ. Connections between the cell cycle, cell adhesion and the cytoskeleton. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20180227. [PMID: 31431178 PMCID: PMC6627016 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell division, the purpose of which is to enable cell replication, and in particular to distribute complete, accurate copies of genetic material to daughter cells, is essential for the propagation of life. At a morphological level, division not only necessitates duplication of cellular structures, but it also relies on polar segregation of this material followed by physical scission of the parent cell. For these fundamental changes in cell shape and positioning to be achieved, mechanisms are required to link the cell cycle to the modulation of cytoarchitecture. Outside of mitosis, the three main cytoskeletal networks not only endow cells with a physical cytoplasmic skeleton, but they also provide a mechanism for spatio-temporal sensing via integrin-associated adhesion complexes and site-directed delivery of cargoes. During mitosis, some interphase functions are retained, but the architecture of the cytoskeleton changes dramatically, and there is a need to generate a mitotic spindle for chromosome segregation. An economical solution is to re-use existing cytoskeletal molecules: transcellular actin stress fibres remodel to create a rigid cortex and a cytokinetic furrow, while unipolar radial microtubules become the primary components of the bipolar spindle. This remodelling implies the existence of specific mechanisms that link the cell-cycle machinery to the control of adhesion and the cytoskeleton. In this article, we review the intimate three-way connection between microenvironmental sensing, adhesion signalling and cell proliferation, particularly in the contexts of normal growth control and aberrant tumour progression. As the morphological changes that occur during mitosis are ancient, the mechanisms linking the cell cycle to the cytoskeleton/adhesion signalling network are likely to be primordial in nature and we discuss recent advances that have elucidated elements of this link. A particular focus is the connection between CDK1 and cell adhesion. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Forces in cancer: interdisciplinary approaches in tumour mechanobiology'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martin J. Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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241
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Chakraborty S, Banerjee S, Raina M, Haldar S. Force-Directed “Mechanointeractome” of Talin–Integrin. Biochemistry 2019; 58:4677-4695. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soham Chakraborty
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ashoka University, Sonepat, Haryana 131029, India
| | - Souradeep Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ashoka University, Sonepat, Haryana 131029, India
| | - Manasven Raina
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ashoka University, Sonepat, Haryana 131029, India
| | - Shubhasis Haldar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ashoka University, Sonepat, Haryana 131029, India
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242
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Zhu FJ, Tong YL, Sheng ZY, Yao YM. Role of dendritic cells in the host response to biomaterials and their signaling pathways. Acta Biomater 2019; 94:132-144. [PMID: 31108257 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Strategies to enhance, inhibit, or qualitatively modulate immune responses are important for diverse biomedical applications such as vaccine adjuvant, drug delivery, immunotherapy, cell transplant, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. However, the clinical efficiency of these biomaterial systems is affected by the limited understanding of their interaction with complex host microenvironments, for example, excessive foreign body reaction and immunotoxicity. Biomaterials and biomedical devices implanted in the body may induce a highly complicated and orchestrated series of host responses. As macrophages are among the first cells to infiltrate and respond to implanted biomaterials, the macrophage-mediated host response to biomaterials has been well studied. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells that activate naive T cells and bridge innate and adaptive immunity. The potential interaction of DCs with biomaterials appears to be critical for exerting the function of biomaterials and has become an important, developing area of investigation. Herein, we summarize the effects of the physicochemical properties of biomaterials on the immune function of DCs together with their receptors and signaling pathways. This review might provide a complete understanding of the interaction of DCs with biomaterials and serve as a reference for the design and selection of biomaterials with particular effects on targeted cells. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Biomaterials implanted in the body are increasingly applied in clinical practice. The performance of these implanted biomaterials is largely dependent on their interaction with the host immune system. As antigen-presenting cells, dendritic cells (DCs) directly interact with biomaterials through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognizing "biomaterial-associated molecular patterns" and generate a battery of immune responses. In this review, the physicochemical properties of biomaterials that regulate the immune function of DCs together with their receptors and signaling pathways of biomaterial-DC interactions are summarized and discussed. We believe that knowledge of the interplay of DC and biomaterials may spur clinical translation by guiding the design and selection of biomaterials with particular effects on targeted cell for tissue engineering, vaccine delivery, and cancer therapy.
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243
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Abstract
Cell migration is the physical movement of cells and is responsible for the extensive cellular invasion and metastasis that occur in high-grade tumors. Motivated by decades of direct observation of cell migration via light microscopy, theoretical models have emerged to capture various aspects of the fundamental physical phenomena underlying cell migration. Yet, the motility mechanisms actually used by tumor cells during invasion are still poorly understood, as is the role of cellular interactions with the extracellular environment. In this chapter, we review key physical principles of cytoskeletal self-assembly and force generation, membrane tension, biological adhesion, hydrostatic and osmotic pressures, and their integration in mathematical models of cell migration. With the goal of modeling-driven cancer therapy, we provide examples to guide oncologists and physical scientists in developing next-generation models to predict disease progression and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis S Prahl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - David J Odde
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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244
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Jin S, Lee WC, Aust D, Pilarsky C, Cordes N. β8 Integrin Mediates Pancreatic Cancer Cell Radiochemoresistance. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:2126-2138. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-1352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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245
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Dynamics and distribution of paxillin, vinculin, zyxin and VASP depend on focal adhesion location and orientation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10460. [PMID: 31320676 PMCID: PMC6639384 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46905-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FAs) are multiprotein structures that link the intracellular cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix. They mediate cell adhesion and migration, crucial to many (patho-) physiological processes. We examined in two cell types from different species the binding dynamics of functionally related FA protein pairs: paxillin and vinculin versus zyxin and VASP. In photobleaching experiments ~40% of paxillin and vinculin remained stably associated with a FA for over half an hour. Zyxin and VASP predominantly displayed more transient interactions. We show protein binding dynamics are influenced by FA location and orientation. In FAs located close to the edge of the adherent membrane paxillin, zyxin and VASP were more dynamic and had larger bound fractions. Zyxin and VASP were also more dynamic and had larger bound fractions at FAs perpendicular compared to parallel to this edge. Finally, we developed a photoconversion assay to specifically visualise stably bound proteins within subcellular structures and organelles. This revealed that while paxillin and vinculin are distributed evenly throughout FAs, their stably bound fractions form small clusters within the FA-complex. These clusters are more concentrated for paxillin than for vinculin and are mostly found at the proximal half of the FA where actin also enters.
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246
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Shams H, Hoffman BD, Mofrad MRK. The "Stressful" Life of Cell Adhesion Molecules: On the Mechanosensitivity of Integrin Adhesome. J Biomech Eng 2019; 140:2667887. [PMID: 29272321 DOI: 10.1115/1.4038812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cells have evolved into complex sensory machines that communicate with their microenvironment via mechanochemical signaling. Extracellular mechanical cues trigger complex biochemical pathways in the cell, which regulate various cellular processes. Integrin-mediated focal adhesions (FAs) are large multiprotein complexes, also known as the integrin adhesome, that link the extracellular matrix (ECM) to the actin cytoskeleton, and are part of powerful intracellular machinery orchestrating mechanotransduction pathways. As forces are transmitted across FAs, individual proteins undergo structural and functional changes that involve a conversion of chemical to mechanical energy. The local composition of early adhesions likely defines the regional stress levels and determines the type of newly recruited proteins, which in turn modify the local stress distribution. Various approaches have been used for detecting and exploring molecular mechanisms through which FAs are spatiotemporally regulated, however, many aspects are yet to be understood. Current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of mechanosensitivity in adhesion proteins is discussed herein along with important questions yet to be addressed, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengameh Shams
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1762
| | - Brenton D Hoffman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Mohammad R K Mofrad
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, 208A Stanley Hall #1762, Berkeley, CA 94720-1762.,Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 e-mail:
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247
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Heeke S, Mograbi B, Alix-Panabières C, Hofman P. Never Travel Alone: The Crosstalk of Circulating Tumor Cells and the Blood Microenvironment. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070714. [PMID: 31337010 PMCID: PMC6678604 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Commonly, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are described as source of metastasis in cancer patients. However, in this process cancer cells of the primary tumor site need to survive the physical and biological challenges in the blood stream before leaving the circulation to become the seed of a new metastatic site in distant parenchyma. Most of the CTCs released in the blood stream will not resist those challenges and will consequently fail to induce metastasis. A few of them, however, interact closely with other blood cells, such as neutrophils, platelets, and/or macrophages to survive in the blood stream. Recent studies demonstrated that the interaction and modulation of the blood microenvironment by CTCs is pivotal for the development of new metastasis, making it an interesting target for potential novel treatment strategies. This review will discuss the recent research on the processes in the blood microenvironment with CTCs and will outline currently investigated treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Heeke
- Université Côte d'Azur, CHU Nice, FHU OncoAge, 06000 Nice, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR7284, Inserm U1081, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), FHU OncoAge, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Baharia Mograbi
- Université Côte d'Azur, CHU Nice, FHU OncoAge, 06000 Nice, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR7284, Inserm U1081, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), FHU OncoAge, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Catherine Alix-Panabières
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells (LCCRH), University Medical Centre, EA2415, Montpellier University, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Paul Hofman
- Université Côte d'Azur, CHU Nice, FHU OncoAge, 06000 Nice, France.
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR7284, Inserm U1081, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), FHU OncoAge, 06000 Nice, France.
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology and Biobank BB-0033-00025, Pasteur Hospital, FHU OncoAge, 06000 Nice, France.
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248
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Abstract
Cells need to be anchored to extracellular matrix (ECM) to survive, yet the role of ECM in guiding developmental processes, tissue homeostasis, and aging has long been underestimated. How ECM orchestrates the deterioration of healthy to pathological tissues, including fibrosis and cancer, also remains poorly understood. Inquiring how alterations in ECM fiber tension might drive these processes is timely, as mechanobiology is a rapidly growing field, and many novel mechanisms behind the mechanical forces that can regulate protein, cell, and tissue functions have recently been deciphered. The goal of this article is to review how forces can switch protein functions, and thus cell signaling, and thereby inspire new approaches to exploit the mechanobiology of ECM in regenerative medicine as well as for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Some of the mechanochemical switching concepts described here for ECM proteins are more general and apply to intracellular proteins as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Vogel
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department for Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland;
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249
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Hyaluronan-Based Grafting Strategies for Liver Stem Cell Therapy and Tracking Methods. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:3620546. [PMID: 31354838 PMCID: PMC6636496 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3620546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion is essential for survival, it plays important roles in physiological cell functions, and it is an innovative target in regenerative medicine. Among the molecular interactions and the pathways triggered during cell adhesion, the binding of cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), a cell-surface glycoprotein involved in cell-cell interactions, to hyaluronic acid (HA), a major component of the extracellular matrix, is a crucial step. Cell therapy has emerged as a promising treatment for advanced liver diseases; however, so far, it has led to low cell engraftment and limited cell repopulation of the target tissue. Currently, different strategies are under investigation to improve cell grafting in the liver, including the use of organic and inorganic biomatrices that mimic the microenvironment of the extracellular matrix. Hyaluronans, major components of stem cell niches, are attractive candidates for coating stem cells since they improve viability, proliferation, and engraftment in damaged livers. In this review, we will discuss the new strategies that have been adopted to improve cell grafting and track cells after transplantation.
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250
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Lock JG, Baschieri F, Jones MC, Humphries JD, Montagnac G, Strömblad S, Humphries MJ. Clathrin-containing adhesion complexes. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:2086-2095. [PMID: 31208994 PMCID: PMC6605790 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201811160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An understanding of the mechanisms whereby cell adhesion complexes (ACs) relay signals bidirectionally across the plasma membrane is necessary to interpret the role of adhesion in regulating migration, differentiation, and growth. A range of AC types has been defined, but to date all have similar compositions and are dependent on a connection to the actin cytoskeleton. Recently, a new class of AC has been reported that normally lacks association with both the cytoskeleton and integrin-associated adhesome components, but is rich in components of the clathrin-mediated endocytosis machinery. The characterization of this new type of adhesion structure, which is emphasized by mitotic cells and cells in long-term culture, identifies a hitherto underappreciated link between the adhesion machinery and clathrin structures at the plasma membrane. While this discovery has implications for how ACs are assembled and disassembled, it raises many other issues. Consequently, to increase awareness within the field, and stimulate research, we explore a number of the most significant questions below.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Lock
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Francesco Baschieri
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1170, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Matthew C Jones
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jonathan D Humphries
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Guillaume Montagnac
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1170, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Staffan Strömblad
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Martin J Humphries
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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