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Wang P, Yang J, Tong F, Duan Z, Liu X, Xia L, Li K, Xia Y. Anti-Double-Stranded DNA IgG Participates in Renal Fibrosis through Suppressing the Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Signals. Front Immunol 2017; 8:610. [PMID: 28620377 PMCID: PMC5449454 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) participates in renal fibrosis by downregulating Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1)-mediated cytokine signaling. Recently, it was found that anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) IgG induces the synthesis of profibrotic cytokines by renal cells. To explore the potential effect of anti-dsDNA IgG on SOCS1-mediated renal fibrosis, kidney tissues were collected from patients with lupus nephritis (LN) as well as MRL/lpr lupus-prone mice. The SOCS1 expression was evaluated in tissue samples. In addition, SCID mice were injected with anti-dsDNA IgG, followed by evaluation of SOCS1 levels. Renal resident cells were cultured in vitro, receiving the stimulation of anti-dsDNA IgG and then the measurement of SOCS1, JAK2, STAT1α, and profibrotic cytokines. Moreover, the binding of anti-dsDNA IgG to SOCS1 kinase inhibitory region (KIR) peptide was analyzed by surface plasmon resonance. We found that SOCS1 expression was inhibited, but JAK2/STAT1 activation was prominent in the kidney tissues of patients with LN, MRL/lpr mice, or anti-dsDNA IgG-injected SCID mice. The cultured renal cells also showed SOCS1 downregulation, JAK2/STAT1 activation, and profibrotic cytokine promotion upon anti-dsDNA IgG stimulation. Surprisingly, anti-dsDNA IgG showed high affinity to KIR peptide and competed with JAK2 loop for KIR. Additionally, a DNA-mimicking peptide (ALW) blocked the binding of anti-dsDNA IgG to KIR, and even partially abrogated the activation of JAK2/STAT1α signals and the expression of profibrotic cytokines in SCID mice. In conclusion, anti-dsDNA IgG downregulates SOCS1 expression, activates JAK2/STAT1 signals, and contributes to renal fibrosis; its peptide blockade may restore the SOCS1 inhibitory effect on the production of profibrotic cytokine, and finally ameliorate renal fibrosis in LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fang Tong
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Zhaoyang Duan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xingyin Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linlin Xia
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ke Li
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yumin Xia
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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202
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Gao S, Gong Y, Ji J, Yuan L, Han L, Guo Y, Fan X, Hou Y, Hua C. A new benzenediamine derivative modulates Toll-like receptors-induced myeloid dendritic cells activation and ameliorates lupus-like syndrome in MRLlpr/lpr mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 803:94-102. [PMID: 28342978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Modulators of the over-activation of myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have an advantage in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study was designed to evaluate the effects of FC-99, a novel benzenediamine derivative, on TLR-induced activation of mDCs, and to assess the efficacy of FC-99 in a murine model of SLE. In vitro, FC-99 inhibited the phenotypic (CD40 and MHC-II) and functional activation (IL-12 and CXCL10) of mDCs induced by TLR ligands. In vivo, MRLlpr/lpr mice displayed renal diseases associated with increased levels of proteinuria and immunoglobulin, which were ameliorated by FC-99. Enhanced accumulation and activation of mDCs in lymphoid organs was also impaired by FC-99. Additionally, FC-99 inhibited the activation of IκB-α and upregulated the expression of TNFα-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) in vitro and in vivo. These results indicate that FC-99 modulates TLR-induced activation of mDCs and ameliorates lupus-like syndrome in MRLlpr/lpr mice. This effect is closely associated with the inhibition of IκB-α and upregulation of TNFAIP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Gao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yongsheng Gong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianjian Ji
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Linbo Yuan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Liping Han
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yimin Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaofang Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yayi Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Chunyan Hua
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China.
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203
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Mok CC. Biological and targeted therapies of systemic lupus erythematosus: evidence and the state of the art. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2017; 13:677-692. [PMID: 28443384 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2017.1323635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Chiu Mok
- Department of Medicine, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
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204
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Der E, Ranabothu S, Suryawanshi H, Akat KM, Clancy R, Morozov P, Kustagi M, Czuppa M, Izmirly P, Belmont HM, Wang T, Jordan N, Bornkamp N, Nwaukoni J, Martinez J, Goilav B, Buyon JP, Tuschl T, Putterman C. Single cell RNA sequencing to dissect the molecular heterogeneity in lupus nephritis. JCI Insight 2017; 2:93009. [PMID: 28469080 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.93009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lupus nephritis is a leading cause of mortality among systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, and its heterogeneous nature poses a significant challenge to the development of effective diagnostics and treatments. Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) offers a potential solution to dissect the heterogeneity of the disease and enables the study of similar cell types distant from the site of renal injury to identify novel biomarkers. We applied scRNA-seq to human renal and skin biopsy tissues and demonstrated that scRNA-seq can be performed on samples obtained during routine care. Chronicity index, IgG deposition, and quantity of proteinuria correlated with a transcriptomic-based score composed of IFN-inducible genes in renal tubular cells. Furthermore, analysis of cumulative expression profiles of single cell keratinocytes dissociated from nonlesional, non-sun-exposed skin of patients with lupus nephritis also revealed upregulation of IFN-inducible genes compared with keratinocytes isolated from healthy controls. This indicates the possible use of scRNA-seq analysis of skin biopsies as a biomarker of renal disease. These data support the potential utility of scRNA-seq to provide new insights into the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis and pave the way for exploiting a readily accessible tissue to reflect injury in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Der
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Saritha Ranabothu
- Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Hemant Suryawanshi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Laboratory for RNA Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kemal M Akat
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Laboratory for RNA Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robert Clancy
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Pavel Morozov
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Laboratory for RNA Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Manjunath Kustagi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Laboratory for RNA Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mareike Czuppa
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Laboratory for RNA Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Peter Izmirly
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Tao Wang
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Nicole Jordan
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Nicole Bornkamp
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Janet Nwaukoni
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - July Martinez
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Beatrice Goilav
- Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Jill P Buyon
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Thomas Tuschl
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Laboratory for RNA Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
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205
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Tan M, Hao JB, Chu H, Wang FM, Song D, Zhu L, Yu F, Li YZ, Song Y, Zhao MH. Genetic variants in FH are associated with renal histopathologic subtypes of lupus nephritis: a large cohort study from China. Lupus 2017; 26:1309-1317. [PMID: 28403670 DOI: 10.1177/0961203317702254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective Genetic variants in FH (complement factor H) were reported to associate with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study proposed that the genetic defects of FH in the susceptibility and in the development of lupus nephritis might be different. Methods This study enrolled 334 lupus nephritis patients, 269 SLE patients without clinical renal involvement and 350 controls. Two-step genotyping was performed. First, all the exons of the FH gene were fully sequenced in 100 lupus nephritis patients and 100 healthy controls. Second, genotyping of three common variants reported to be functional, rs1061170, rs800292 and rs6677604, was conducted in all the recruited individuals. Further, analysis of their associations with SLE/lupus nephritis susceptibility and the clinico-pathological parameters in the lupus nephritis group was performed. Results No significant differences were observed in allele and genotype frequencies of the three single nucleotide polymorphisms between lupus patients and controls. There was a significantly higher ratio of CC/CT genotypes of rs1061170 in lupus nephritis patients with class III than in the other two classes (class III vs. class IV vs. class V: 21.0% vs. 9.7% vs. 9.4%; P = .044). The rs6677604-GG genotype was observed to be associated with the absence of anti-ds DNA antibody ( P = .021), and the rs800292-TT genotype was associated with a higher level of circulating C3 ( P = 0.20) in lupus nephritis. Conclusion In an independent cohort, this is the first genetic association analysis focusing on FH genetic variants in Chinese lupus nephritis patients. It was found that the variants in the FH gene might affect the histopathologic subtypes and some clinical features of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tan
- 1 Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, P.R. China.,2 Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, P.R. China.,3 Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, P.R. China.,4 Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - J-B Hao
- 5 Renal Division, Department of Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - H Chu
- 1 Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, P.R. China.,2 Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, P.R. China.,3 Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, P.R. China.,4 Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - F-M Wang
- 6 Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - D Song
- 1 Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, P.R. China.,2 Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, P.R. China.,3 Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, P.R. China.,4 Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - L Zhu
- 1 Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, P.R. China.,2 Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, P.R. China.,3 Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, P.R. China.,4 Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - F Yu
- 1 Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, P.R. China.,2 Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, P.R. China.,3 Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, P.R. China.,4 Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, P.R. China.,7 Department of Nephrology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Y-Z Li
- 8 Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, P.R. China.,9 Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, P.R. China.,10 Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Y Song
- 11 Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR. China
| | - M-H Zhao
- 1 Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, P.R. China.,2 Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, P.R. China.,3 Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, P.R. China.,4 Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, P.R. China.,12 Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
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206
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Liu F, Ji J, Li X, Li X, Xu J, Yue H, Zhao S, Fan H, Hou Y. Decreased CD1d level is associated with CD86 over-expression in B cells from systemic lupus erythematosus. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:328-337. [PMID: 28338767 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmx011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The disorder of B cells is one of the hallmarks of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The activation state indicated by CD86 of B cells from SLE is well known, while the defect of regulatory B cells mediated by CD1d is also responsible for the process of SLE. In the present study, we focused on the relationship between B cell activation mediated by CD86 and B cell regulatory function mediated by CD1d. Our results showed that the level of CD1d in B cells was decreased during the early stages of B6.MRLlpr SLE mice and imiquimod-treated (IMQ-treated) mice, while the level of CD86 was significantly increased at the late stage. Moreover, the expression of CD1d showed a significantly negative correlation with CD86 level in B cells from IMQ-treated mice (r = -05741; P = 0.0022), B6.MRLlpr mice (r = -0.7091; P = 0.0268), and SLE patients (r = -0.4125; P = 0.0404). The in vivo and in vitro experiments with splenocytes demonstrated that CD1d signaling pathway could inhibit toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)-induced CD86 expression of B cells. Further studies showed that this relationship also affected antibody production. Thus, our results confirmed the association of CD1d and CD86 levels in B cells from SLE, and demonstrated the importance to preserve the immunoregulatory function of B cells mediated by CD1d in the progression of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jianjian Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiujun Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Huimin Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shuli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Central Laboratory of Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Hongye Fan
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yayi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing 210093, China
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207
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Choi CW, Eun SH, Choi KH, Bae JM. Increased risk of comorbid rheumatic disorders in vitiligo patients: A nationwide population-based study. J Dermatol 2017; 44:909-913. [DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.13846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Won Choi
- Department of Dermatology; Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul Korea
| | - Sung Hye Eun
- Department of Dermatology; Veterans Health Service Medical Center; Seoul Korea
| | - Kwang Hyun Choi
- Department of Dermatology; St Vincent's Hospital; College of Medicine; The Catholic University of Korea; Suwon Korea
| | - Jung Min Bae
- Department of Dermatology; Veterans Health Service Medical Center; Seoul Korea
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208
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Abstract
Self-reactive B cells are tolerized at various stages of B-cell development and differentiation, including the immature B-cell stage (central tolerance) and the germinal center (GC) B-cell stage, and B-cell tolerance involves various mechanisms such as deletion, anergy, and receptor editing. Self-reactive B cells generated by random immunoglobulin variable gene rearrangements are tolerized by central tolerance and anergy in the periphery, and these processes involve apoptosis regulated by Bim, a pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family, and regulation of B-cell signaling by various phosphatases, including SHIP-1 and SHP-1. Self-reactive B cells generated by somatic mutations during GC reaction are also eliminated. Fas is not directly involved in this process but prevents persistence of GC reaction that allows generation of less stringently regulated B cells, including self-reactive B cells. Defects in self-tolerance preferentially cause lupus-like disease with production of anti-nuclear antibodies, probably due to the presence of a large potential B-cell repertoire reactive to nucleic acids and the presence of nucleic acid-induced activation mechanisms in various immune cells, including B cells and dendritic cells. A feed-forward loop composed of anti-nuclear antibodies produced by B cells and type 1 interferons secreted from nucleic acid-activated dendritic cells plays a crucial role in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Tsubata
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
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209
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Wang J, Liu Y, Zhao J, Xu J, Li S, Qin X. P-glycoprotein gene MDR1 polymorphisms and susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus in Guangxi population: a case-control study. Rheumatol Int 2017; 37:537-545. [PMID: 28154898 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-017-3652-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The multidrug resistance 1 gene (MDR1) encodes for P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which plays a pathophysiological role in the development of autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Herein, we aimed to investigate the relationship between MDR1 gene polymorphisms and SLE susceptibility in the Chinese Guangxi population. The genotypes of rs1128503 and rs1045642 in MDR1 gene were analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method in 283 SLE patients and 247 healthy controls from Guangxi. Direct sequencing method was used to verify the results. Binary logistic regression analyses adjusting for gender and age indicated that subjects carrying the rs1128503 T-allele and TT genotype were at increased risk of SLE when compared to carriers of the C allele and CC genotype, with adjusted ORs of 1.36 (95% CI 1.07-1.74; P = 0.014) and 1.77 (95% CI 1.08-2.88; P = 0.022), respectively. In addition, the risk allele T had a recessive effect (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.04-2.14, P = 0.029). Subgroup analyses revealed effect modification by age for the presence of the rs1128503 T allele, yielding a significant positive association with SLE in older (≥40 years) subjects (T vs. C allele: OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.01-1.96; P = 0.041; TT vs. CC genotype: OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.07-2.79; P = 0.021). For the first time, we demonstrated that MDR1 rs1128503 polymorphisms were associated with SLE susceptibility in Chinese Guangxi population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yanqiong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiangyang Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Juanjuan Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Xue Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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210
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Zhuang Q, Cheng K, Ming Y. CX3CL1/CX3CR1 Axis, as the Therapeutic Potential in Renal Diseases: Friend or Foe? Curr Gene Ther 2017; 17:442-452. [PMID: 29446734 PMCID: PMC5902862 DOI: 10.2174/1566523218666180214092536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The fractalkine receptor chemokine (C-X3-C motif) receptor 1 (CX3CR1) and its highly selective ligand CX3CL1 mediate chemotaxis and adhesion of immune cells, which are involved in the pathogenesis and progression of numerous inflammatory disorders and malignancies. The CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis has recently drawn attention as a potential therapeutic target because it is involved in the ontogeny, homeostatic migration, or colonization of renal phagocytes. We performed a Medline/PubMed search to detect recently published studies that explored the relationship between the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis and renal diseases and disorders, including diabetic nephropathy, renal allograft rejection, infectious renal diseases, IgA nephropathy, fibrotic kidney disease, lupus nephritis and glomerulonephritis, acute kidney injury and renal carcinoma. Most studies demonstrated its role in promoting renal pathopoiesis; however, several recent studies showed that the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis could also reduce renal pathopoiesis. Thus, the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis is now considered to be a double-edged sword that could provide novel perspectives into the pathogenesis and treatment of renal diseases and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhuang
- Transplantation Center of the 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410013, China
| | - Ke Cheng
- Transplantation Center of the 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410013, China
| | - Yingzi Ming
- Transplantation Center of the 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410013, China
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211
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Hammad A, Yahia S, Laimon W, Hamed SM, Shouma A, Shalaby NM, Abdel-Hady D, Ghanem R, El-Farahaty RM, El-Bassiony SR, Hammad EM. Angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion gene polymorphism in Egyptian children with systemic lupus erythematosus: a possible relation to proliferative nephritis. Lupus 2016; 26:762-767. [PMID: 27956582 DOI: 10.1177/0961203316682096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is crucial in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus through angiotensin II which regulates vascular tone and endothelial functions. Objectives To study the frequency of ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) gene polymorphism in Egyptian children with systemic lupus erythematosus and its possible relation to the renal pathology in cases with lupus nephritis. Subjects and methods The frequency of ACE gene insertion/deletion polymorphism genotypes was determined in 78 Egyptian children with systemic lupus erythematosus and compared to a matched group of 140 healthy controls using polymerase chain reaction. Results The DD genotype of the ACE gene was higher in systemic lupus erythematosus patients when compared to controls ( P<0.0001; odds ratio (OR) 2.4; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7-3.3) and the D allele was more frequent than the I allele in systemic lupus erythematosus patients in comparison to controls ( P < 0.0001; OR = 2.2; 95% CI = (1.6-3.1). In the lupus nephritis group, the DD genotype was significantly higher in those with proliferative lupus nephritis when compared to those with non-proliferative lupus nephritis ( P = 0.02; OR = 1.45; 95% CI = 1.4-1.6). Also, patients with proliferative lupus nephritis showed a higher frequency of the D allele ( P < 0.001; OR = 1.98; 95% CI = 1.3-2.9). Conclusion The D allele and DD genotype of the ACE gene appear to be a risk factor for the susceptibility of systemic lupus erythematosus and occurrence of proliferative nephritis in Egyptian children.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hammad
- 1 Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - S Yahia
- 2 Pediatric Genetics Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - W Laimon
- 3 Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - S M Hamed
- 4 Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - A Shouma
- 5 Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - N M Shalaby
- 3 Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - D Abdel-Hady
- 2 Pediatric Genetics Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - R Ghanem
- 6 Faculty of Dental and Oral Medicine, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - R M El-Farahaty
- 7 Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - S R El-Bassiony
- 8 Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - E M Hammad
- 8 Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
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Binding of anti-dsDNA antibodies to proximal tubular epithelial cells contributes to renal tubulointerstitial inflammation. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 131:49-67. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20160421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Immune deposits are often observed along the tubular basement membrane in patients with lupus nephritis, but the role of anti-dsDNA antibody (Ab) deposition on tubulointerstitial inflammation remains to be investigated. We examined the effect of human polyclonal anti-dsDNA Abs on inflammatory processes in cultured proximal renal tubular epithelial cells (PTEC, HK-2 cells) and their association with serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in patients. Binding of anti-dsDNA Abs to HK-2 cells was investigated by cellular ELISA, flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 secretion, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and the effect of mycophenolic acid (MPA) were investigated by ELISAs and Western blot analysis. NZBWF1/J mice with active nephritis were randomized to receive either mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) (100 mg/kg per day) or vehicle for up to 12 weeks to study renal histopathology focusing on tubulointerstitial changes. Our results demonstrated that anti-dsDNA Abs bound to HK-2 cell surface and induced IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 secretion through distinct MAPK pathways. MPA inhibited anti-dsDNA Ab binding to HK-2 cells and suppressed apical and basolateral IL-6 and IL-8, but not MCP-1, secretion. Anti-dsDNA Ab level correlated with serum and tubulointerstitial expression of IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1. MMF treatment in NZBWF1/J mice reduced anti-dsDNA Ab production and MAPK activation in the renal tubulointerstitium, together with decreased IL-6 and MCP-1 expression. Our data demonstrate that anti-dsDNA Abs contribute to inflammatory processes in the tubulointerstitium in lupus nephritis through their binding to proximal renal tubular epithelial cells and induction of pro-inflammatory mediators, and MPA ameliorates anti-dsDNA Ab induced IL-6 and IL-8 secretion in these cells.
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213
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Navid F, Colbert RA. Causes and consequences of endoplasmic reticulum stress in rheumatic disease. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2016; 13:25-40. [PMID: 27904144 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2016.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatic diseases represent a heterogeneous group of inflammatory conditions, many of which involve chronic activation of both innate and adaptive immune responses by multiple genetic and environmental factors. These immune responses involve the secretion of excessive amounts of cytokines and other signalling mediators by activated immune cells. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the cellular organelle that directs the folding, processing and trafficking of membrane-bound and secreted proteins, including many key components of the immune response. Maintaining homeostasis in the ER is critical to cell function and survival. Consequently, elaborate mechanisms have evolved to sense and respond to ER stress through three main signalling pathways that together comprise the unfolded protein response (UPR). Activation of the UPR can rapidly resolve the accumulation of misfolded proteins, direct permanent changes in the size and function of cells during differentiation, and critically influence the immune response and inflammation. Recognition of the importance of ER stress and UPR signalling pathways in normal and dysregulated immune responses has greatly increased in the past few years. This Review discusses several settings in which ER stress contributes to the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases and considers some of the therapeutic opportunities that these discoveries provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Navid
- Pediatric Translational Research Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 12N248B,10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Robert A Colbert
- Pediatric Translational Research Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 12N248B,10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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214
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Lam T, Kulp DV, Wang R, Lou Z, Taylor J, Rivera CE, Yan H, Zhang Q, Wang Z, Zan H, Ivanov DN, Zhong G, Casali P, Xu Z. Small Molecule Inhibition of Rab7 Impairs B Cell Class Switching and Plasma Cell Survival To Dampen the Autoantibody Response in Murine Lupus. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:3792-3805. [PMID: 27742832 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
IgG autoantibodies mediate pathology in systemic lupus patients and lupus-prone mice. In this study, we showed that the class-switched IgG autoantibody response in MRL/Faslpr/lpr and C57/Sle1Sle2Sle2 mice was blocked by the CID 1067700 compound, which specifically targeted Ras-related in brain 7 (Rab7), an endosome-localized small GTPase that was upregulated in activated human and mouse lupus B cells, leading to prevention of disease development and extension of lifespan. These were associated with decreased IgG-expressing B cells and plasma cells, but unchanged numbers and functions of myeloid cells and T cells. The Rab7 inhibitor suppressed T cell-dependent and T cell-independent Ab responses, but it did not affect T cell-mediated clearance of Chlamydia infection, consistent with a B cell-specific role of Rab7. Indeed, B cells and plasma cells were inherently sensitive to Rab7 gene knockout or Rab7 activity inhibition in class switching and survival, respectively, whereas proliferation/survival of B cells and generation of plasma cells were not affected. Impairment of NF-κB activation upon Rab7 inhibition, together with the rescue of B cell class switching and plasma cell survival by enforced NF-κB activation, indicated that Rab7 mediates these processes by promoting NF-κB activation, likely through signal transduction on intracellular membrane structures. Thus, a single Rab7-inhibiting small molecule can target two stages of B cell differentiation to dampen the pathogenic autoantibody response in lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonika Lam
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229; and
| | - Dennis V Kulp
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229; and
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229; and
| | - Zheng Lou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229; and
| | - Julia Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229; and
| | - Carlos E Rivera
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229; and
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229; and
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229; and
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Hong Zan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229; and
| | - Dmitri N Ivanov
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Guangming Zhong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229; and
| | - Paolo Casali
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229; and
| | - Zhenming Xu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229; and
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215
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Zouali M, Tsay G. Developing connections amongst B lymphocytes and deregulated pathways in autoimmunity. Mol Med 2016; 22:705-712. [PMID: 27730250 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2016.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunologists have long investigated B lymphocytes as solely antibody producing cells. With further studies, it became clear that B cells are able to exert a variety of functions within the immune system, and beyond. As a result, B cells are considered promising targets for immunotherapy in a variety of disorders. Recently, experts in B cell biology and autoimmunity convened to discuss important stepping stones to decipher the complexity of B lymphocyte-mediated pathways in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moncef Zouali
- Inserm, U1132, Paris, F-75475, France.,Université Paris 7, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, F-75475, France
| | - Gregory Tsay
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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216
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Ruiz-Cerdá ML, Irurzun-Arana I, González-Garcia I, Hu C, Zhou H, Vermeulen A, Trocóniz IF, Gómez-Mantilla JD. Towards patient stratification and treatment in the autoimmune disease lupus erythematosus using a systems pharmacology approach. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 94:46-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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217
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Abstract
Objectives The objective of this paper was to evaluate correlations between kidney biopsy indexes (activity and chronicity) and urinary sediment findings; the secondary objective was to find which components of urinary sediment can discriminate proliferative from other classes of lupus nephritis. Methods Lupus nephritis patients scheduled for a kidney biopsy were included in our study. The morning before the kidney biopsy, we took urine samples from each patient. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to determine the area under the curve (AUC) of each test for detecting proliferative lupus nephritis; a classification tree was calculated to select a set of values that best-predicted lupus nephritis classes. Results We included 51 patients, 36 of whom were women (70.6%). Correlations of lupus nephritis activity index with the counts in the urinary sediment of erythrocytes (isomorphic and dysmorphic), acanthocytes, and leukocytes were 0.65 ( p < 0.0001) 0.62 ( p < 0.0001) and 0.22 ( p = 0.1228), respectively. Correlations of lupus nephritis chronicity index with the counts of erythrocytes, acanthocytes, and leukocytes were 0.60 ( p ≤ 0.0001), 0.52 ( p = 0.0001) and 0.17 ( p = 0.2300), respectively. Our classification tree had an accuracy of 84.3%. Conclusions Evaluation of urine sediment reflects lupus nephritis histology.
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218
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C1q and HMGB1 reciprocally regulate human macrophage polarization. Blood 2016; 128:2218-2228. [PMID: 27683415 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-05-719757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A healthy immune system results from a balance of stimulatory and inhibitory pathways that allow effective responses to acute insults, without descending into chronic inflammation. Failed homeostasis is characteristic of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus. Although HMGB1 induces proinflammatory M1-like macrophage differentiation, we describe a mechanism by which C1q modulates this activity and collaborates with HMGB1 to induce the differentiation of monocytes to anti-inflammatory M2-like macrophages. These anti-inflammatory macrophages are unresponsive to dendritic cell induction factors, effectively removing them from participation in an adaptive immune response. This pathway is mediated through a complex with RAGE and LAIR-1 and depends on relative levels of C1q and HMGB1. Importantly, these data provide insight into a homeostatic mechanism in which C1q and HMGB1 can cooperate to terminate inflammation, and which may be impaired in C1q-deficient patients with autoimmune disease.
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219
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Anti-dsDNA antibodies and resident renal cells - Their putative roles in pathogenesis of renal lesions in lupus nephritis. Clin Immunol 2016; 185:40-50. [PMID: 27612436 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Lupus nephritis affects up to 70% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and is an important treatable cause of kidney failure. Cardinal features of lupus nephritis include loss of self-tolerance, production of autoantibodies, immune complex deposition and immune-mediated injury to the kidney, resulting in increased cell proliferation, apoptosis, and induction of inflammatory and fibrotic processes that destroy normal nephrons. The production anti-dsDNA antibodies is a cardinal feature in lupus and their level correlates with disease activity. In addition to the formation of immune complexes thereby triggering complement activation, how anti-dsDNA antibodies home to the kidney and induce pathological processes in the renal parenchyma remain to be fully elucidated. Data from our laboratory and other investigators show that the properties of anti-dsDNA antibodies vary between patients and change over time, and that anti-dsDNA antibodies could bind directly to integral cell surface molecules such as annexin II or α-actinin, or indirectly through chromatin material deposited on the cell surface. The binding of anti-dsDNA antibodies to mesangial cells and proximal renal tubular epithelial cells triggers downstream inflammatory and fibrotic pathways, which include the activation of the PKC and MAPK signaling pathways, increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and matrix protein deposition that contribute to pathological processes in the renal parenchyma.
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220
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Chalmers SA, Wen J, Shum J, Doerner J, Herlitz L, Putterman C. CSF-1R inhibition attenuates renal and neuropsychiatric disease in murine lupus. Clin Immunol 2016; 185:100-108. [PMID: 27570219 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease that can affect multiple end organs. Kidney and brain are two of the organs most commonly involved in SLE. Past studies have suggested the importance of macrophages in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis (LN). Furthermore, as the immune effectors of the brain, microglia have been implicated in pathways leading to neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE). We depleted macrophages and microglia using GW2580, a small colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) kinase inhibitor, in MRL-lpr/lpr (MRL/lpr) mice, a classic murine lupus model that displays features of both LN and NPSLE. Treatment was initiated before the onset of disease, and mice were followed for the development of LN and neurobehavioral dysfunction throughout the study. Treatment with GW2580 significantly ameliorated kidney disease, as evidenced by decreased proteinuria, BUN, and improved renal histopathology, despite equivalent levels of IgG and C3 deposition in the kidneys of treated and control mice. We were able to confirm macrophage depletion within the kidney via IBA-1 staining. Furthermore, we observed specific improvement in the depression-like behavioral deficit of MRL/lpr mice with GW2580 treatment. Circulating antibody and autoantibody levels were, however, not affected. These results provide additional support for the role of macrophages as a potentially valuable therapeutic target in SLE. Inhibiting CSF-1 receptor signaling would be more targeted than current immunosuppressive therapies, and may hold promise for the treatment of renal and neuropsychiatric end organ disease manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A Chalmers
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jing Wen
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Justine Shum
- Montefiore Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jessica Doerner
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Leal Herlitz
- Cleveland Clinic, Department of Pathology, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Chaim Putterman
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bronx, NY, USA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Bronx, NY, USA.
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221
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DeFranco AL. Germinal centers and autoimmune disease in humans and mice. Immunol Cell Biol 2016; 94:918-924. [PMID: 27562062 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2016.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies are involved in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases. Although the mechanisms underlying the antibody response to infection or vaccination are reasonably well understood, we still have a poor understanding of the nature of autoimmune antibody responses. The most well studied are the anti-nuclear antibody responses characteristic of systemic lupus erythematosus and studies over the past decade or so have demonstrated a critical role for signaling by TLR7 and/or TLR9 in B cells to promote these responses. These Toll-like receptors (TLRs) can promote T-cell-independent extrafollicular antibody responses with a heavy-chain class switch and a low degree of somatic mutation, but they can also strongly boost the germinal center response that gives rise to high-affinity antibodies and long-lived plasma cells. TLRs have been shown to enhance affinity maturation in germinal center responses to produce high-affinity neutralizing antibodies in several virus infection models of mice. Although more data are needed, it appears that anti-nuclear antibodies in mouse models of lupus and in lupus patients can be generated by either pathway, provided there are genetic susceptibility alleles that compromise B-cell tolerance at one or another stage. Limited data in other autoimmune diseases suggest that the germinal center response may be the predominant pathway leading to autoantibodies in those diseases. A better understanding of the mechanisms of autoantibody production may ultimately be helpful in the development of targeted therapeutics for lupus or other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony L DeFranco
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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222
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Zhang YM, Zhou XJ, Cheng FJ, Qi YY, Hou P, Zhao MH, Zhang H. Association of the IKZF1 5ʹ UTR variant rs1456896 with lupus nephritis in a northern Han Chinese population. Scand J Rheumatol 2016; 46:210-214. [PMID: 27684961 DOI: 10.1080/03009742.2016.1194458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y-M Zhang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - X-J Zhou
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - F-J Cheng
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Y-Y Qi
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - P Hou
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - M-H Zhao
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - H Zhang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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223
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Wikenheiser DJ, Stumhofer JS. ICOS Co-Stimulation: Friend or Foe? Front Immunol 2016; 7:304. [PMID: 27559335 PMCID: PMC4979228 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last 15 years, the inducible T cell co-stimulator (ICOS) has been implicated in various immune outcomes, including the induction and regulation of Th1, Th2, and Th17 immunity. In addition to its role in directing effector T cell differentiation, ICOS has also been consistently linked with the induction of thymus-dependent (TD) antibody (Ab) responses and the germinal center (GC) reaction. ICOS co-stimulation, therefore, appears to play a complex role in dictating the course of adaptive immunity. In this article, we summarize the initial characterization of ICOS and its relationship with the related co-stimulatory molecule CD28. We then address the contribution of ICOS in directing an effector T cell response, and ultimately disease outcome, against various bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections. Next, we assess ICOS in the context of TD Ab responses, connecting ICOS signaling to follicular helper T cell differentiation and its role in the GC reaction. Finally, we address the link between ICOS and human autoimmune disorders and evaluate potential therapies aiming to mitigate disease progression by modulating ICOS signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Wikenheiser
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, AR , USA
| | - Jason S Stumhofer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, AR , USA
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224
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Lyn Kinase Suppresses the Transcriptional Activity of IRF5 in the TLR-MyD88 Pathway to Restrain the Development of Autoimmunity. Immunity 2016; 45:319-32. [PMID: 27521268 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor-5 (IRF5), a transcription factor critical for the induction of innate immune responses, contributes to the pathogenesis of the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in humans and mice. Lyn, a Src family kinase, is also implicated in human SLE, and Lyn-deficient mice develop an SLE-like disease. Here, we found that Lyn physically interacted with IRF5 to inhibit ubiquitination and phosphorylation of IRF5 in the TLR-MyD88 pathway, thereby suppressing the transcriptional activity of IRF5 in a manner independent of Lyn's kinase activity. Conversely, Lyn did not inhibit NF-κB signaling, another major branch downstream of MyD88. Monoallelic deletion of Irf5 alleviated the hyperproduction of cytokines in TLR-stimulated Lyn(-/-) dendritic cells and the development of SLE-like symptoms in Lyn(-/-) mice. Our results reveal a role for Lyn as a specific suppressor of the TLR-MyD88-IRF5 pathway and illustrate the importance of fine-tuning IRF5 activity for the maintenance of immune homeostasis.
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225
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Wuttke M, Köttgen A. Insights into kidney diseases from genome-wide association studies. Nat Rev Nephrol 2016; 12:549-62. [PMID: 27477491 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2016.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have considerably improved our understanding of the genetic basis of kidney function and disease. Population-based studies, used to investigate traits that define chronic kidney disease (CKD), have identified >50 genomic regions in which common genetic variants associate with estimated glomerular filtration rate or urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio. Case-control studies, used to study specific CKD aetiologies, have yielded risk loci for specific kidney diseases such as IgA nephropathy and membranous nephropathy. In this Review, we summarize important findings from GWAS and clinical and experimental follow-up studies. We also compare risk allele frequency, effect sizes, and specificity in GWAS of CKD-defining traits and GWAS of specific CKD aetiologies and the implications for study design. Genomic regions identified in GWAS of CKD-defining traits can contain causal genes for monogenic kidney diseases. Population-based research on kidney function traits can therefore generate insights into more severe forms of kidney diseases. Experimental follow-up studies have begun to identify causal genes and variants, which are potential therapeutic targets, and suggest mechanisms underlying the high allele frequency of causal variants. GWAS are thus a useful approach to advance knowledge in nephrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Wuttke
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, and Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Berliner Allee 29, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna Köttgen
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, and Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Berliner Allee 29, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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226
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Lu M, Xu W, Gao B, Xiong S. Blunting Autoantigen-induced FOXO3a Protein Phosphorylation and Degradation Is a Novel Pathway of Glucocorticoids for the Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:19900-12. [PMID: 27481940 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.728840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease affecting multiple organs. Glucocorticoids (GCs), the potent anti-inflammatory drugs, remain as a cornerstone in the treatment for SLE; nevertheless, their clinical efficacy is compromised by the side effects of long term treatment and resistance. To improve the therapeutic efficacy of GCs in SLE, it is important to further decipher the molecular mechanisms of how GCs exert their anti-inflammatory effects. In this investigation, FOXO3a was identified as a molecule that was down-regulated in the course of SLE. Of interest, GC treatment was found to rescue FOXO3a expression both in SLE mice and in SLE patients. Gain- and loss-of-function studies demonstrated that FOXO3a played a crucial role in GC treatment of SLE via inhibiting inflammatory responses. Further studies showed that the up-regulation of FOXO3a by GCs relied on the suppression of pI3K/AKT-mediated FOXO3a phosphorylation and the arrest of FOXO3a in the nucleus. Finally, our data revealed that FOXO3a was critical for GC-mediated inhibition of NF-κB activity, which might involve its interaction with NF-κB p65 protein. Collectively, these data indicated that FOXO3a played an important role in GC treatment of SLE by suppressing pro-inflammatory response, and targeting FOXO3a might provide a novel therapeutic strategy against SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudan Lu
- From the Institute for Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032 and
| | - Wei Xu
- the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Bo Gao
- From the Institute for Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032 and
| | - Sidong Xiong
- From the Institute for Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032 and the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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227
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Zhu H, Mi W, Luo H, Chen T, Liu S, Raman I, Zuo X, Li QZ. Whole-genome transcription and DNA methylation analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells identified aberrant gene regulation pathways in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:162. [PMID: 27412348 PMCID: PMC4942934 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-1050-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent achievement in genetics and epigenetics has led to the exploration of the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Identification of differentially expressed genes and their regulatory mechanism(s) at whole-genome level will provide a comprehensive understanding of the development of SLE and its devastating complications, lupus nephritis (LN). Methods We performed whole-genome transcription and DNA methylation analysis in PBMC of 30 SLE patients, including 15 with LN (SLE LN+) and 15 without LN (SLE LN−), and 25 normal controls (NC) using HumanHT-12 Beadchips and Illumina Human Methy450 chips. The serum proinflammatory cytokines were quantified using Bio-plex Human Cytokine 27-plex assay. Differentially expressed genes and differentially methylated CpG were analyzed with GenomeStudio, R, and SAM software. The association between DNA methylation and gene expression were tested. Gene interaction pathways of the differentially expressed genes were analyzed by IPA software. Results We identified 552 upregulated genes and 550 downregulated genes in PBMC of SLE. Integration of DNA methylation and gene expression profiling showed that 334 upregulated genes were hypomethylated, and 479 downregulated genes were hypermethylated. Pathway analysis on the differential genes in SLE revealed significant enrichment in interferon (IFN) signaling and toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways. Nine IFN- and seven TLR-related genes were identified and displayed step-wise increase in SLE LN− and SLE LN+. Hypomethylated CpG sites were detected on these genes. The gene expressions for MX1, GPR84, and E2F2 were increased in SLE LN+ as compared to SLE LN− patients. The serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, including IL17A, IP-10, bFGF, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-15, GM-CSF, IL-1RA, IL-5, and IL-12p70, were significantly elevated in SLE compared with NC. The levels of IL-15 and IL1RA correlated with their mRNA expression. The upregulation of IL-15 may be regulated by hypomethylated CpG sites in the promotor region of the gene. Conclusions Our study has demonstrated that significant number of differential genes in SLE were involved in IFN, TLR signaling pathways, and inflammatory cytokines. The enrichment of differential genes has been associated with aberrant DNA methylation, which may be relevant to the pathogenesis of SLE. Our observations have laid the groundwork for further diagnostic and mechanistic studies of SLE and LN. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-016-1050-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China.,Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Wentao Mi
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Hui Luo
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China.,Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Shengxi Liu
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Indu Raman
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Zuo
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China.
| | - Quan-Zhen Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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Sex-specific effects of LiCl treatment on preservation of renal function and extended life-span in murine models of SLE: perspective on insights into the potential basis for survivorship in NZB/W female mice. Biol Sex Differ 2016; 7:31. [PMID: 27354902 PMCID: PMC4924261 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-016-0085-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable research effort has been invested in attempting to understand immune dysregulation leading to autoimmunity and target organ damage. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), patients can develop a systemic disease with a number of organs involved. One of the major target organs is the kidney, but patients vary in the progression of the end-organ targeting of this organ. Some patients develop glomerulonephritis only, while others develop rapidly progressive end organ failure. In murine models of SLE, renal involvement can also occur. Studies performed over the past several years have indicated that treatment with LiCl of females, but not males of the NZB/W model, at an early age during the onset of disease, can prevent development of end-stage renal disease in a significant percentage of the animals. While on Li treatment, up to 80 % of the females can exhibit long-term survival with evidence of mild glomerulonephritis which does not progress to renal failure in spite of on-going autoimmunity. Stopping the treatment led to a reactivation of the disease and renal failure. Li treatment of other murine models of SLE was less effective and decreased survivorship in male BxSB mice, exhibited little effect on male MRL-lpr mice, and only modestly improved survivorship in female MRL-lpr mice. This perspective piece discusses the findings of several related studies which support the concept that protecting target organs such as the kidney, even in the face of continued immune insults and some inflammation, can lead to prolonged survival with retention of organ function. Some possible mechanisms for the effectiveness of Li treatment in this context are also discussed. However, the detailed mechanistic basis for the sex-specific effects of LiCl treatment particularly in the NZB/W model remains to be elucidated. Elucidating such details may provide important clues for development of effective treatment for patients with SLE, ~90 % of which are females.
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229
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Insights into the epidemiology and management of lupus nephritis from the US rheumatologist's perspective. Kidney Int 2016; 90:487-92. [PMID: 27344205 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lupus nephritis is a common and severe manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus that disproportionately affects nonwhites and those in lower socioeconomic groups. This review discusses recent data on the incidence, prevalence, and outcomes of patients with lupus nephritis with a focus on low-income US Medicaid patients. We also review recent guidelines on diagnosis, treatment, and screening for new onset and relapses of lupus nephritis. Finally, we discuss the management of lupus nephritis from a rheumatologist's perspective, including vigilance for the common adverse events related to disease and treatment, and we review prevention and new treatment strategies.
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230
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Menard LC, Habte S, Gonsiorek W, Lee D, Banas D, Holloway DA, Manjarrez-Orduno N, Cunningham M, Stetsko D, Casano F, Kansal S, Davis PM, Carman J, Zhang CK, Abidi F, Furie R, Nadler SG, Suchard SJ. B cells from African American lupus patients exhibit an activated phenotype. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e87310. [PMID: 27699274 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.87310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex systemic autoimmune disease driven by both innate and adaptive immune cells. African Americans tend to present with more severe disease at an earlier age compared with patients of European ancestry. In order to better understand the immunological differences between African American and European American patients, we analyzed the frequencies of B cell subsets and the expression of B cell activation markers from a total of 68 SLE patients and 69 normal healthy volunteers. We found that B cells expressing the activation markers CD86, CD80, PD1, and CD40L, as well as CD19+CD27-IgD- double-negative B cells, were enriched in African American patients vs. patients of European ancestry. In addition to increased expression of CD40L, surface levels of CD40 on B cells were lower, suggesting the engagement of the CD40 pathway. In vitro experiments confirmed that CD40L expressed by B cells could lead to CD40 activation and internalization on adjacent B cells. To conclude, these results indicate that, compared with European American patients, African American SLE patients present with a particularly active B cell component, possibly via the activation of the CD40/CD40L pathway. These data may help guide the development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence C Menard
- Discovery Translational Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sium Habte
- Discovery Translational Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Waldemar Gonsiorek
- Discovery Translational Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Deborah Lee
- Discovery Translational Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Dana Banas
- Discovery Translational Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Deborah A Holloway
- Discovery Translational Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Mark Cunningham
- Discovery Translational Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Dawn Stetsko
- Discovery Translational Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Francesca Casano
- Discovery Translational Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Selena Kansal
- Discovery Translational Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Patricia M Davis
- Discovery Translational Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Julie Carman
- Discovery Translational Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Clarence K Zhang
- Immunoscience Translational Bioinformatics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Pennington, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ferva Abidi
- Division of Rheumatology, Northwell Health, Great Neck, New York, USA
| | - Richard Furie
- Division of Rheumatology, Northwell Health, Great Neck, New York, USA
| | - Steven G Nadler
- Discovery Translational Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Suzanne J Suchard
- Discovery Translational Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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231
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Simon
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, UK.,MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, UK
| | - A J Clarke
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, UK
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232
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Ripoll È, de Ramon L, Draibe Bordignon J, Merino A, Bolaños N, Goma M, Cruzado JM, Grinyó JM, Torras J. JAK3-STAT pathway blocking benefits in experimental lupus nephritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:134. [PMID: 27278657 PMCID: PMC4898357 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-1034-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lupus nephritis (LN) is a complex chronic autoimmune disease of unknown etiology characterized by loss of tolerance against several self-antigens. Cytokines are known to be central players in LN pathogenesis. The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway is one important pathway that mediates signal transduction of several cytokines. In this study, we examined the pathogenic role of this pathway and how CP-690,550 treatment influences LN outcome. Methods Six-month-old NZB/NZWF1 mice were divided into two different treatment groups: (1) control animals given vehicle treatment, cyclophosphamide, and mycophenolate mofetil treatment as positive controls of the therapy and (2) mice treated with CP-690,550, a JAK3 inhibitor. Mice were treated for 12 weeks. We evaluated renal function, anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibody, renal histology changes, kidney complement and immunoglobulin G (IgG) deposits, T-cell and macrophage infiltration, kidney inflammatory gene expression, and circulating cytokine changes. Results CP-690,550 treatment significantly reduced proteinuria and improved renal function and histological lesions of the kidney. Compared with vehicle-treated animals, those undergoing CP-690,550 treatment showed significantly diminished anti-dsDNA antibody and complement component C3 and IgG deposition in glomeruli. We also observed a significant reduction of T-cell and macrophage infiltration. Kidney gene expression revealed a reduction in inflammatory cytokines and complement and related macrophage-attracting genes. Circulating inflammatory cytokines were also reduced with treatment. Conclusions On the basis of our results, we conclude that the JAK-STAT pathway is implicated in the progression of renal inflammation in NZB/WF1 mice and that targeting JAK3 with CP-690,550 is effective in slowing down the course of experimental LN. Thus, CP-690,550 could become a new therapeutic tool in LN and other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Èlia Ripoll
- Laboratori 4120. Nefrologia Experimental, 4a Planta Pavelló Govern, Universitat de Barcelona. Campus Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL). Departament de Nefrologia, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, E-08907 L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura de Ramon
- Laboratori 4120. Nefrologia Experimental, 4a Planta Pavelló Govern, Universitat de Barcelona. Campus Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL). Departament de Nefrologia, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, E-08907 L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juliana Draibe Bordignon
- Laboratori 4120. Nefrologia Experimental, 4a Planta Pavelló Govern, Universitat de Barcelona. Campus Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL). Departament de Nefrologia, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, E-08907 L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Merino
- Laboratori 4120. Nefrologia Experimental, 4a Planta Pavelló Govern, Universitat de Barcelona. Campus Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL). Departament de Nefrologia, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, E-08907 L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Bolaños
- Laboratori 4120. Nefrologia Experimental, 4a Planta Pavelló Govern, Universitat de Barcelona. Campus Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL). Departament de Nefrologia, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, E-08907 L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montse Goma
- Departament d'Anatomia Patològica, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, E-08907 L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M Cruzado
- Laboratori 4120. Nefrologia Experimental, 4a Planta Pavelló Govern, Universitat de Barcelona. Campus Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL). Departament de Nefrologia, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, E-08907 L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M Grinyó
- Laboratori 4120. Nefrologia Experimental, 4a Planta Pavelló Govern, Universitat de Barcelona. Campus Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL). Departament de Nefrologia, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, E-08907 L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Torras
- Laboratori 4120. Nefrologia Experimental, 4a Planta Pavelló Govern, Universitat de Barcelona. Campus Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL). Departament de Nefrologia, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, E-08907 L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain.
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233
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Therapeutic Blockade of Immune Complex-Mediated Glomerulonephritis by Highly Selective Inhibition of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26164. [PMID: 27192942 PMCID: PMC4872164 DOI: 10.1038/srep26164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) is a potentially dangerous end organ pathology that affects upwards of 60% of lupus patients. Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) is important for B cell development, Fc receptor signaling, and macrophage polarization. In this study, we investigated the effects of a novel, highly selective and potent BTK inhibitor, BI-BTK-1, in an inducible model of LN in which mice receive nephrotoxic serum (NTS) containing anti-glomerular antibodies. Mice were treated once daily with vehicle alone or BI-BTK-1, either prophylactically or therapeutically. When compared with control treated mice, NTS-challenged mice treated prophylactically with BI-BTK-1 exhibited significantly attenuated kidney disease, which was dose dependent. BI-BTK-1 treatment resulted in decreased infiltrating IBA-1+ cells, as well as C3 deposition within the kidney. RT-PCR on whole kidney RNA and serum profiling indicated that BTK inhibition significantly decreased levels of LN-relevant inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Renal RNA expression profiling by RNA-seq revealed that BI-BTK-1 dramatically modulated pathways related to inflammation and glomerular injury. Importantly, when administered therapeutically, BI-BTK-1 reversed established proteinuria and improved renal histopathology. Our results highlight the important role for BTK in the pathogenesis of immune complex-mediated nephritis, and BTK inhibition as a promising therapeutic target for LN.
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234
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Wang X, Yan S, Liu C, Xu Y, Wan L, Wang Y, Gao W, Meng S, Liu Y, Liu R, Xu D. Fracture risk and bone mineral density levels in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:1413-1423. [PMID: 26753541 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3449-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies suggested possible bone loss and fracture risk in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the strength of the relationship of SLE with fracture risk and the mean difference of bone mineral density (BMD) levels between SLE patients and controls. Literature search was undertaken in multiple indexing databases on September 26, 2015. Studies on the relationship of SLE with fracture risk and the mean difference of BMD levels between SLE patients and controls were included. Data were combined using standard methods of meta-analysis. Twenty-one studies were finally included into the meta-analysis, including 15 studies on the mean difference of BMD levels between SLE patients and controls, and 6 studies were on fracture risk associated with SLE. The meta-analysis showed that SLE patients had significantly lower BMD levels than controls in the whole body (weighted mean difference [WMD] = -0.04; 95 % CI -0.06 to -0.02; P < 0.001), femoral neck (WMD = -0.06; 95 % CI -0.07 to -0.04; P < 0.001), lumbar spine (WMD = -0.06; 95 % CI -0.09 to -0.03; P < 0.001), and total hip (WMD = -0.05; 95 % CI -0.06 to -0.03; P < 0.001). In addition, the meta-analysis also showed that SLE was significantly associated with increased fracture risk of all sites (relative risk [RR] = 1.97, 95 % CI 1.20-3.25; P = 0.008). Subgroup analysis by adjustment showed that SLE was significantly associated with increased fracture risk of all sites before and after adjusting for confounding factors (unadjusted RR = 2.07, 95 % CI 1.46-2.94, P < 0.001; adjusted RR = 1.22, 95 % CI 1.05-1.42, P = 0.01). Subgroup analysis by types of fracture showed that SLE was significantly associated with increased risks of hip fracture (RR = 1.99, 95 % CI 1.55-2.57; P < 0.001), osteoporotic fracture (RR = 1.36, 95 % CI 1.21-1.53; P < 0.001), and vertebral fracture (RR = 2.97, 95 % CI 1.71-5.16; P < 0.001). This systematic review and meta-analysis provides strong evidence for the relationship of SLE with bone loss and fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261000, Shandong Province, China
| | - S Yan
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261000, China
| | - C Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Y Xu
- Occupational Safety and Health Research Center of the State Administration of Work Safety, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - L Wan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261000, Shandong Province, China
| | - W Gao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261000, Shandong Province, China
| | - S Meng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261000, Shandong Province, China
| | - R Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261000, Shandong Province, China.
| | - D Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261000, Shandong Province, China.
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235
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Marques RE, Marques PE, Guabiraba R, Teixeira MM. Exploring the Homeostatic and Sensory Roles of the Immune System. Front Immunol 2016; 7:125. [PMID: 27065209 PMCID: PMC4814584 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunology developed under the notion of the immune system exists to fight pathogens. Recently, the discovery of interactions with commensal microbiota that are essential to human health initiated a change in this old paradigm. Here, we argue that the immune system has major physiological roles extending far beyond defending the host. Immune and inflammatory responses share the core property of sensing, defining the immune system also as a sensory system. The inference with the immune system collects, interprets, and stores information, while creating an identity of self, places it in close relationship to the nervous system, which suggests that these systems may have a profound evolutionary connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Elias Marques
- Immunopharmacology, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Pedro Elias Marques
- Immunopharmacology, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Guabiraba
- ISP, INRA, Université François Rabelais de Tours , Nouzilly , France
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Immunopharmacology, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais , Brazil
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236
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Goilav B, Putterman C, Rubinstein TB. Biomarkers for kidney involvement in pediatric lupus. Biomark Med 2016; 9:529-43. [PMID: 26079958 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.15.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN), the renal involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus, is currently diagnosed by histopathology obtained by percutaneous renal biopsy and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in both adults and children. LN is more prevalent and severe in children, requiring aggressive and prolonged immunosuppression. The consequences of the diagnosis and its treatment have devastating long-term effects on the growth, well-being and quality of life of affected children. The paucity of reliable clinical indicators of the presence and severity of renal involvement have contributed to a halt in the reduction of progression to end-stage renal disease in recent years. Here, we discuss the recent development of biomarkers in the management of LN and their role as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Goilav
- Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Chaim Putterman
- Division of Rheumatology & Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Tamar B Rubinstein
- Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
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237
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The Therapeutic Effects of the Chinese Herbal Medicine, Lang Chuang Fang Granule, on Lupus-Prone MRL/lpr Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:8562528. [PMID: 27034698 PMCID: PMC4789466 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8562528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that leads to severe multiorgan damage. Lang Chuang Fang (LCF) is a Chinese herbal medicine that is clinically prescribed for treating SLE. In this study, we examined the therapeutic effects of LCF granule on lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice. Female mice were randomly separated into six groups, and LCF treatment groups received LCF granule at the dosage of 0.97 g/kg/d, 1.95 g/kg/d, and 3.90 g/kg/d, respectively. Here, we found that, compared to the MRL/lpr mice, both the spleen coefficient and thymus coefficient were reduced in the LCF granule-treated mice. There was a marked downregulation in CRP and anti-dsDNA autoantibody and an evident upregulation of CH50 in LCF granule-treated mice. LCF granule treatment also obviously reduced the proteinuria, BUN, and SCr levels in MRL/lpr mice at the dosage of 0.97 g/kg/d, 1.95 g/kg/d, and 3.90 g/kg/d, indicating that LCF granule alleviated the renal injury of MRL/lpr mice. Furthermore, LCF granule decreased p65 NF-κB levels and increased Sirt1 and Nrf2 levels in the kidney tissues of MRL/lpr mice, which might elucidate the beneficial effects of LCF on lupus nephritis. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that LCF granule has therapeutic effects on lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice.
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238
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Raj P, Rai E, Song R, Khan S, Wakeland BE, Viswanathan K, Arana C, Liang C, Zhang B, Dozmorov I, Carr-Johnson F, Mitrovic M, Wiley GB, Kelly JA, Lauwerys BR, Olsen NJ, Cotsapas C, Garcia CK, Wise CA, Harley JB, Nath SK, James JA, Jacob CO, Tsao BP, Pasare C, Karp DR, Li QZ, Gaffney PM, Wakeland EK. Regulatory polymorphisms modulate the expression of HLA class II molecules and promote autoimmunity. eLife 2016; 5:e12089. [PMID: 26880555 PMCID: PMC4811771 DOI: 10.7554/elife.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted sequencing of sixteen SLE risk loci among 1349 Caucasian cases and controls produced a comprehensive dataset of the variations causing susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Two independent disease association signals in the HLA-D region identified two regulatory regions containing 3562 polymorphisms that modified thirty-seven transcription factor binding sites. These extensive functional variations are a new and potent facet of HLA polymorphism. Variations modifying the consensus binding motifs of IRF4 and CTCF in the XL9 regulatory complex modified the transcription of HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 in a chromosome-specific manner, resulting in a 2.5-fold increase in the surface expression of HLA-DR and DQ molecules on dendritic cells with SLE risk genotypes, which increases to over 4-fold after stimulation. Similar analyses of fifteen other SLE risk loci identified 1206 functional variants tightly linked with disease-associated SNPs and demonstrated that common disease alleles contain multiple causal variants modulating multiple immune system genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prithvi Raj
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Ekta Rai
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, India
| | - Ran Song
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Shaheen Khan
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Benjamin E Wakeland
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Kasthuribai Viswanathan
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Carlos Arana
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Chaoying Liang
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Igor Dozmorov
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Ferdicia Carr-Johnson
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Mitja Mitrovic
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Graham B Wiley
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States
| | - Jennifer A Kelly
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States
| | - Bernard R Lauwerys
- Pole de pathologies rhumatismales, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Nancy J Olsen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State Medical School, Hershey, United States
| | - Chris Cotsapas
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Christine K Garcia
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Carol A Wise
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
- Sarah M. and Charles E. Seay Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - John B Harley
- Cincinnati VA Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Swapan K Nath
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States
| | - Judith A James
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States
| | - Chaim O Jacob
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Betty P Tsao
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Chandrashekhar Pasare
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - David R Karp
- Rheumatic Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Quan Zhen Li
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Patrick M Gaffney
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States
| | - Edward K Wakeland
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
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239
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Blanco P, Ueno H, Schmitt N. T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in lupus: Activation and involvement in SLE pathogenesis. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:281-90. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Blanco
- Univ. Bordeaux; CIRID, UMR/CNRS; 5164 Bordeaux France
- CNRS; CIRID, UMR; 5164 Bordeaux France
- CHU de Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
| | - Hideki Ueno
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research; Dallas USA
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240
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Hinchliffe TE, Lin ZT, Wu T. Protein arrays for biomarker discovery in lupus. Proteomics Clin Appl 2016; 10:625-34. [PMID: 26684273 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201500060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Lupus is one of the most common autoimmune diseases, yet many mechanisms of its pathogenesis are not fully known. Over the last few years, advances in protein array technology have accelerated rapidly, resulting in many promising insights toward the discovery of novel lupus biomarkers that may become useful in disease diagnosis and management. Still, only two types of analytical protein arrays thus far, being antibody and antigen arrays, have found notable usage toward lupus biomarker discovery. In this review, we summarize current protein array technologies being used for biomarker discoveries in lupus and associated biomarker findings, as well as protein arrays that are likely to be used for lupus biomarker discovery in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor E Hinchliffe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zuan-Tao Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tianfu Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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241
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Dema B, Charles N. Autoantibodies in SLE: Specificities, Isotypes and Receptors. Antibodies (Basel) 2016; 5:antib5010002. [PMID: 31557984 PMCID: PMC6698872 DOI: 10.3390/antib5010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by a wide spectrum of auto-antibodies which recognize several cellular components. The production of these self-reactive antibodies fluctuates during the course of the disease and the involvement of different antibody-secreting cell populations are considered highly relevant for the disease pathogenesis. These cells are developed and stimulated through different ways leading to the secretion of a variety of isotypes, affinities and idiotypes. Each of them has a particular mechanism of action binding to a specific antigen and recognized by distinct receptors. The effector responses triggered lead to a chronic tissue inflammation. DsDNA autoantibodies are the most studied as well as the first in being characterized for its pathogenic role in Lupus nephritis. However, others are of growing interest since they have been associated with other organ-specific damage, such as anti-NMDAR antibodies in neuropsychiatric clinical manifestations or anti-β2GP1 antibodies in vascular symptomatology. In this review, we describe the different auto-antibodies reported to be involved in SLE. How autoantibody isotypes and affinity-binding to their antigen might result in different pathogenic responses is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Dema
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM UMR1149, CNRS ERL8252, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine site Bichat, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, DHU FIRE, Paris 75018, France.
| | - Nicolas Charles
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM UMR1149, CNRS ERL8252, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine site Bichat, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, DHU FIRE, Paris 75018, France.
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242
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Garrett-Sinha LA, Kearly A, Satterthwaite AB. The Role of the Transcription Factor Ets1 in Lupus and Other Autoimmune Diseases. Crit Rev Immunol 2016; 36:485-510. [PMID: 28845756 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2017020284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by excess B- and T-cell activation, the development of autoantibodies against self-antigens including nuclear antigens, and immune complex deposition in target organs, which triggers an inflammatory response and tissue damage. The genetic and environmental factors that contribute to the development of SLE have been studied extensively in both humans and mouse models of the disease. One of the important genetic contributions to SLE development is an alteration in the expression of the transcription factor Ets1, which regulates the functional differentiation of lymphocytes. Here, we review the genetic, biochemical, and immunological studies that have linked low levels of Ets1 to aberrant lymphocyte differentiation and to the pathogenesis of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Ann Garrett-Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203
| | - Alyssa Kearly
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203
| | - Anne B Satterthwaite
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatic Diseases Division; Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
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Wang Y, Huang X, Cai J, Xie L, Wang W, Tang S, Yin S, Gao X, Zhang J, Zhao J, Huang Y, Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhang J. Clinicopathologic Characteristics and Outcomes of Lupus Nephritis With Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody: A Retrospective Study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2580. [PMID: 26825903 PMCID: PMC5291573 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have analyzed the clinicopathologic characteristics and outcomes of lupus nephritis (LN) patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA). The clinical and renal histopathologic data of 154 patients with biopsy-proven LN from 2011 to 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were followed up for a median period of 16.8 ± 9.4 months, and their outcomes were analyzed. Multivariate Cox analysis was used to evaluate the independent factors for poor outcomes. Among the 154 LN patients, 26 (16.88%) were seropositive for ANCA. The incidences of alopecia, oral ulcer, photosensitivity and skin lesion, and psychosomatic manifestations in the ANCA-positive group were significantly higher than in the ANCA-negative group (P = 0.007, 0.02, 0.02, and 0.03, respectively). Compared with the ANCA-negative group, the ANCA-positive group had significantly lower levels of complement C3 (P = 0.03). Additionally, the positive rate of antinucleosome antibodies, antihistone antibodies, antimitochondrial antibody M2, and anticardiolipin antibodies were higher significantly in the ANCA-positive patients than in the ANCA-negative patients (P = 0.001, 0.001, 0.03, 0.005, respectively). The ANCA-positive group had a notably higher chronic index than the ANCA-negative group (P = 0.01). During the follow-up, the complete remission rate in the ANCA-negative group was higher than that in the ANCA-positive group (P = 0.01). The cumulative renal survival rate in the ANCA-positive group was significantly lower than in the ANCA-negative group (log-rank = 6.59, P = 0.01). Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that the reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (HR, 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 1.01 to 1.03; P = 0.005), NLR (HR, 1.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 1.40; P = 0.03), and ANCA (HR, 3.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.12 to 10.09; P = 0.03) were independent risk factors for patients' renal survival after adjusting for age, sex, crescent formation, and glomerulosclerosis. The study found ANCA in LN patients is not rare, and patients with ANCA present with more severe clinicopathologic injuries. Thus, ANCA is an independent risk factor for poor renal outcomes in LN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- From the Department of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital (YW, XH, JC, LX, WW, ST, SY, XG, JZ, JZ, YH, YZ, JZ); and Department of Epidemiology in College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (YL)
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244
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Kuhn A, Wenzel J, Bijl M. Lupus erythematosus revisited. Semin Immunopathol 2015; 38:97-112. [PMID: 26637330 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-015-0550-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lupus erythematosus (LE) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease with clinical manifestations of differing severity. The exact pathomechanisms and interactions resulting in the inflammatory and immunological processes of this heterogeneous disease remain elusive. Approaches in the understanding of the pathomechanisms revealed that the clinical expression of LE is predisposed by susceptibility genes and that various environmental factors are responsible for an abnormal immune response. Several studies demonstrated that ultraviolet (UV) light is one of the major factors in the pathogenesis of the disease. Standardized photoprovocation in patients with LE has been shown to be a safe and efficient model for evaluating the underlying pathomechanisms which lead to the production of autoantibodies and immune complexes. In particular, interferons were defined as important players in the early activation of the immune system and were observed to play a specific role in the immunological interface between the innate and the adaptive immune system. Abnormalities or disturbances in the different processes of cell death, such as apoptosis or necrosis, have also been recognized as crucial in the pathogenesis of LE. Although each process is different and characterized by unique features, the processes are interrelated and result in a complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annegret Kuhn
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Trials (IZKS), University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
- Division of Immunogenetics, Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Joerg Wenzel
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marc Bijl
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Martini Hospital, Groningen, Netherlands
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245
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Kato H, Fujita T. RIG-I-like receptors and autoimmune diseases. Curr Opin Immunol 2015; 37:40-5. [PMID: 26530735 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN) plays an essential role in antiviral innate immune responses and also in adaptive immune responses. Defects in the production of IFN markedly increase susceptibility to viral invasion and attenuate the acquired immunity. Recently an increased expression of type I IFN, also termed IFN signature, has been reported in patients with autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS). The evidence clearly shows that the initiation and termination of IFN production should be tightly controlled. RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) are viral RNA sensors and are essential for type I IFN induction. We herein summarize recent reports on RLR mutations in patients and MDA5 mutant mice, and discuss possible mechanisms by which aberrant activation of RLRs can cause autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kato
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Virus Research, and Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; PRESTO, Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Takashi Fujita
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Virus Research, and Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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246
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Leitner NR, Witalisz-Siepracka A, Strobl B, Müller M. Tyrosine kinase 2 - Surveillant of tumours and bona fide oncogene. Cytokine 2015; 89:209-218. [PMID: 26631911 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) is a member of the Janus kinase (JAK) family, which transduces cytokine and growth factor signalling. Analysis of TYK2 loss-of-function revealed its important role in immunity to infection, (auto-) immunity and (auto-) inflammation. TYK2-deficient patients unravelled high similarity between mice and men with respect to cellular signalling functions and basic immunology. Genome-wide association studies link TYK2 to several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases as well as carcinogenesis. Due to its cytokine signalling functions TYK2 was found to be essential in tumour surveillance. Lately TYK2 activating mutants and fusion proteins were detected in patients diagnosed with leukaemic diseases suggesting that TYK2 is a potent oncogene. Here we review the cell intrinsic and extrinsic functions of TYK2 in the characteristics preventing and enabling carcinogenesis. In addition we describe an unexpected function of kinase-inactive TYK2 in tumour rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R Leitner
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Agnieszka Witalisz-Siepracka
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
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248
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Abstract
Nanoscale materials hold great promise in the therapeutic field. In particular, as carriers or vectors, they help bioactive molecules reach their primary targets. Furthermore, by themselves, certain nanomaterials-regarded as protective-can modulate particular metabolic pathways that are deregulated in pathological situations. They can also synergistically improve the effects of a payload drug. These properties are the basis of their appeal. However, nanoscale materials can also have intrinsic properties that limit their use, and this is the case for certain types of nanomaterials that influence autophagy. This property can be beneficial in some pathological settings, but in others, if the autophagic flux is already accelerated, it can be deleterious. This is notably the case for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other chronic inflammatory diseases, including certain neurological diseases. The nanomaterial-autophagy interaction therefore must be treated with caution for therapeutic molecules and peptides that require vectorization for their administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Bianco
- CNRS, Immunopathologie et chimie thérapeutique, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UPR3572 CNRS, 15 rue René Descartes, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylviane Muller
- CNRS, Immunopathologie et chimie thérapeutique, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UPR3572 CNRS, 15 rue René Descartes, 67000, Strasbourg, France. .,University of Strasbourg, Institute for Advanced Study, 5 allée du Général Rouvillois, 67083, Strasbourg, France.
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Li M, Gao W, Ma J, Zhu Y, Li X. Early-stage lupus nephritis treated with N-acetylcysteine: A report of two cases. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:689-692. [PMID: 26622376 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxidative-antioxidative status is closely associated with the progression of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and oxidative stress is customarily found in patients with SLE. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a typical antioxidant, is reliable and often applied for clinical treatment. Lupus nephritis (LN) is a kidney disorder associated with SLE, but the treatment of LN with antioxidants is rarely documented. The present report describes two cases of early-stage LN that were orally treated with 1,200 mg NAC in addition to the standard therapy with hydroxychloroquine and calcitriol. Following the NAC administration, the glutathione level largely increased while the level of the lipid peroxidation biomarker 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α declined in both cases. In addition, the routine blood counts, 24-h urine protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and the SLE disease activity index were markedly improved. In conclusion, the present report of two cases has shown that NAC, as an antioxidant, may exert a beneficial effect to modulate the oxidative status in LN; however, the underlying mechanisms require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China ; Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Wenjuan Gao
- Department of Ultrasound, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Ma
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Xingfu Li
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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