201
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Zhou D, Tang W, Xu Y, Xu Y, Xu B, Fu S, Wang Y, Chen F, Chen Y, Han Y, Wang G. METTL3/YTHDF2 m6A axis accelerates colorectal carcinogenesis through epigenetically suppressing YPEL5. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:2172-2184. [PMID: 33411363 PMCID: PMC8333777 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) has emerged as the most prevalent post‐transcriptional modification on mRNA that contributes prominently to tumorigenesis. However, the specific function of m6A methyltransferase methyltransferase‐like 3 (METTL3) in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains elusive. Herein, we explored the biological function of METTL3 in CRC progression. Clinically, METTL3 was frequently upregulated in CRC tissues, cell lines, and plasma samples and its high expression predicted poor prognosis of CRC patients. Functionally, knockdown of METTL3 significantly repressed CRC cell proliferation and migration in vitro, while its overexpression accelerated CRC tumor formation and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, METTL3 epigenetically repressed YPEL5 in an m6A‐YTHDF2‐dependent manner by targeting the m6A site in the coding sequence region of the YPEL5 transcript. Moreover, overexpression of YPEL5 significantly reduced CCNB1 and PCNA expression. Collectively, we identified the pivotal role of METTL3‐catalyzed m6A modification in CRC tumorigenesis, wherein it facilitates CRC tumor growth and metastasis through suppressing YPEL5 expression in an m6A‐YTHDF2‐dependent manner, suggesting a promising strategy for the diagnosis and therapy of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhou
- Research Center of Natural Cosmeceuticals Engineering, Xiamen Medical College, China.,Application Technique Engineering Center of Natural Cosmeceuticals, College of Fuijan Province, Xiamen Medical College, China.,Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Medical College, Xiamen University, China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Yidan Xu
- Research Center of Natural Cosmeceuticals Engineering, Xiamen Medical College, China.,Application Technique Engineering Center of Natural Cosmeceuticals, College of Fuijan Province, Xiamen Medical College, China
| | - Yajie Xu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Medical College, Xiamen University, China
| | - Binbin Xu
- Research Center of Natural Cosmeceuticals Engineering, Xiamen Medical College, China.,Application Technique Engineering Center of Natural Cosmeceuticals, College of Fuijan Province, Xiamen Medical College, China
| | - Shanshan Fu
- Research Center of Natural Cosmeceuticals Engineering, Xiamen Medical College, China.,Application Technique Engineering Center of Natural Cosmeceuticals, College of Fuijan Province, Xiamen Medical College, China
| | - Yanting Wang
- Research Center of Natural Cosmeceuticals Engineering, Xiamen Medical College, China.,Application Technique Engineering Center of Natural Cosmeceuticals, College of Fuijan Province, Xiamen Medical College, China
| | - Fangfang Chen
- Research Center of Natural Cosmeceuticals Engineering, Xiamen Medical College, China.,Application Technique Engineering Center of Natural Cosmeceuticals, College of Fuijan Province, Xiamen Medical College, China
| | - Yongxiong Chen
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Medical College, Xiamen University, China
| | - Yinshu Han
- Research Center of Natural Cosmeceuticals Engineering, Xiamen Medical College, China.,Application Technique Engineering Center of Natural Cosmeceuticals, College of Fuijan Province, Xiamen Medical College, China
| | - Gueyhorng Wang
- Research Center of Natural Cosmeceuticals Engineering, Xiamen Medical College, China.,Application Technique Engineering Center of Natural Cosmeceuticals, College of Fuijan Province, Xiamen Medical College, China
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202
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Baig MMFA, Zou T, Neelakantan P, Zhang C. Development and functionalization of
DNA
nanostructures for biomedical applications. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202000373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Muhammad Faran Ashraf Baig
- Biomedical Engineering and Biofunctional Materials Theme, Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Ting Zou
- Biomedical Engineering and Biofunctional Materials Theme, Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Prasanna Neelakantan
- Biomedical Engineering and Biofunctional Materials Theme, Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Chengfei Zhang
- Biomedical Engineering and Biofunctional Materials Theme, Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
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203
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Fan D, Xia Y, Lu C, Ye Q, Xi X, Wang Q, Wang Z, Wang C, Xiao C. Regulatory Role of the RNA N 6-Methyladenosine Modification in Immunoregulatory Cells and Immune-Related Bone Homeostasis Associated With Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:627893. [PMID: 33553167 PMCID: PMC7859098 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.627893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease for which the etiology has not been fully elucidated. Previous studies have shown that the development of RA has genetic and epigenetic components. As one of the most highly abundant RNA modifications, the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is necessary for the biogenesis and functioning of RNA, and modification aberrancies are associated with various diseases. However, the specific functions of m6A in the cellular processes of RA remain unclear. Recent studies have revealed the relationship between m6A modification and immune cells associated with RA. Therefore, in this review, we focused on discussing the functions of m6A modification in the regulation of immune cells and immune-related bone homeostasis associated with RA. In addition, to gain a better understanding of the progress in this field of study and provide the proper direction and suggestions for further study, clinical application studies of m6A modification were also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danping Fan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Xia
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qinbin Ye
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Clinical Medical School (China-Japan Friendship Hospital), Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chengyuan Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Xiao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Emergency, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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204
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He PC, He C. m 6 A RNA methylation: from mechanisms to therapeutic potential. EMBO J 2021; 40:e105977. [PMID: 33470439 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020105977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA carries a diverse array of chemical modifications that play important roles in the regulation of gene expression. N6 -methyladenosine (m6 A), installed onto mRNA by the METTL3/METTL14 methyltransferase complex, is the most prevalent mRNA modification. m6 A methylation regulates gene expression by influencing numerous aspects of mRNA metabolism, including pre-mRNA processing, nuclear export, decay, and translation. The importance of m6 A methylation as a mode of post-transcriptional gene expression regulation is evident in the crucial roles m6 A-mediated gene regulation plays in numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes. Here, we review current knowledge on the mechanisms by which m6 A exerts its functions and discuss recent advances that underscore the multifaceted role of m6 A in the regulation of gene expression. We highlight advances in our understanding of the regulation of m6 A deposition on mRNA and its context-dependent effects on mRNA decay and translation, the role of m6 A methylation of non-coding chromosomal-associated RNA species in regulating transcription, and the activities of the RNA demethylase FTO on diverse substrates. We also discuss emerging evidence for the therapeutic potential of targeting m6 A regulators in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cody He
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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205
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Wang Z, Pan Z, Adhikari S, Harada BT, Shen L, Yuan W, Abeywardana T, Al-Hadid Q, Stark JM, He C, Lin L, Yang Y. m 6 A deposition is regulated by PRMT1-mediated arginine methylation of METTL14 in its disordered C-terminal region. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106309. [PMID: 33459381 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The N6-methyladenosine (m6 A) RNA modification serves crucial functions in RNA metabolism; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of m6 A are not well understood. Here, we establish arginine methylation of METTL14, a component of the m6 A methyltransferase complex, as a novel pathway that controls m6 A deposition in mammalian cells. Specifically, protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) interacts with, and methylates the intrinsically disordered C terminus of METTL14, which promotes its interaction with RNA substrates, enhances its RNA methylation activity, and is crucial for its interaction with RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) expressing arginine methylation-deficient METTL14 exhibit significantly reduced global m6 A levels. Transcriptome-wide m6 A analysis identified 1,701 METTL14 arginine methylation-dependent m6 A sites located in 1,290 genes involved in various cellular processes, including stem cell maintenance and DNA repair. These arginine methylation-dependent m6 A sites are associated with enhanced translation of genes essential for the repair of DNA interstrand crosslinks; thus, METTL14 arginine methylation-deficient mESCs are hypersensitive to DNA crosslinking agents. Collectively, these findings reveal important aspects of m6 A regulation and new functions of arginine methylation in RNA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Wang
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Zhicheng Pan
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Samir Adhikari
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bryan T Harada
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lei Shen
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Tharindumala Abeywardana
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Qais Al-Hadid
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy M Stark
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Chuan He
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lan Lin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yanzhong Yang
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
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206
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Zheng X, Wang J, Zhang X, Fu Y, Peng Q, Lu J, Wei L, Li Z, Liu C, Wu Y, Yan Q, Ma J. RNA m 6 A methylation regulates virus-host interaction and EBNA2 expression during Epstein-Barr virus infection. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2021; 9:351-362. [PMID: 33434416 PMCID: PMC8127537 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent modification that occurs in messenger RNA (mRNA), affecting mRNA splicing, translation, and stability. This modification is reversible, and its related biological functions are mediated by “writers,” “erasers,” and “readers.” The field of viral epitranscriptomics and the role of m6A modification in virus–host interaction have attracted much attention recently. When Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infects a human B lymphocyte, it goes through three phases: the pre‐latent phase, latent phase, and lytic phase. Little is known about the viral and cellular m6A epitranscriptomes in EBV infection, especially in the pre‐latent phase during de novo infection. Methods Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP‐seq) and MeRIP‐RT‐qPCR were used to determine the m6A‐modified transcripts during de novo EBV infection. RIP assay was used to confirm the binding of EBNA2 and m6A readers. Quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and Western blot analysis were performed to test the effect of m6A on the host and viral gene expression. Results Here, we provided mechanistic insights by examining the viral and cellular m6A epitranscriptomes during de novo EBV infection, which is in the pre‐latent phase. EBV EBNA2 and BHRF1 were highly m6A‐modified upon EBV infection. Knockdown of METTL3 (a “writer”) decreased EBNA2 expression levels. The emergent m6A modifications induced by EBV infection preferentially distributed in 3ʹ untranslated regions of cellular transcripts, while the lost m6A modifications induced by EBV infection preferentially distributed in coding sequence regions of mRNAs. EBV infection could influence the host cellular m6A epitranscriptome. Conclusions These results reveal the critical role of m6A modification in the process of de novo EBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zheng
- Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Department of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Department of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Immunology, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuxin Fu
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiu Peng
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianhong Lu
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lingyu Wei
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhengshuo Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Can Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yangge Wu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qun Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Department of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China
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207
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Worpenberg L, Paolantoni C, Longhi S, Mulorz MM, Lence T, Wessels HH, Dassi E, Aiello G, Sutandy FXR, Scheibe M, Edupuganti RR, Busch A, Möckel MM, Vermeulen M, Butter F, König J, Notarangelo M, Ohler U, Dieterich C, Quattrone A, Soldano A, Roignant JY. Ythdf is a N6-methyladenosine reader that modulates Fmr1 target mRNA selection and restricts axonal growth in Drosophila. EMBO J 2021; 40:e104975. [PMID: 33428246 PMCID: PMC7883056 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020104975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) regulates a variety of physiological processes through modulation of RNA metabolism. This modification is particularly enriched in the nervous system of several species, and its dysregulation has been associated with neurodevelopmental defects and neural dysfunctions. In Drosophila, loss of m6A alters fly behavior, albeit the underlying molecular mechanism and the role of m6A during nervous system development have remained elusive. Here we find that impairment of the m6A pathway leads to axonal overgrowth and misguidance at larval neuromuscular junctions as well as in the adult mushroom bodies. We identify Ythdf as the main m6A reader in the nervous system, being required to limit axonal growth. Mechanistically, we show that the m6A reader Ythdf directly interacts with Fmr1, the fly homolog of Fragile X mental retardation RNA binding protein (FMRP), to inhibit the translation of key transcripts involved in axonal growth regulation. Altogether, this study demonstrates that the m6A pathway controls development of the nervous system and modulates Fmr1 target transcript selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Worpenberg
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Génopode Building, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Paolantoni
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Génopode Building, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sara Longhi
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Tina Lence
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans-Hermann Wessels
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biology, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Erik Dassi
- Laboratory of RNA Regulatory Networks, Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Aiello
- Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Brain Disorders and Cancer, Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | | | | | - Raghu R Edupuganti
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Oncode Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Busch
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, IMB, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Michiel Vermeulen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Oncode Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Falk Butter
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany
| | - Julian König
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany
| | - Michela Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Uwe Ohler
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biology, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Dieterich
- Klaus Tschira Institute for Integrative Computational Cardiology and Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Heidelberg-Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alessandro Quattrone
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Génopode Building, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Alessia Soldano
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Jean-Yves Roignant
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Génopode Building, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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208
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Wei M, Bai JW, Niu L, Zhang YQ, Chen HY, Zhang GJ. The Complex Roles and Therapeutic Implications of m 6A Modifications in Breast Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:615071. [PMID: 33505967 PMCID: PMC7829551 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.615071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that N6-methyladenosine (m6A), which directly regulates mRNA, is closely related to multiple biological processes and the progression of different malignancies, including breast cancer (BC). Studies of the aberrant expression of m6A mediators in BC revealed that they were associated with different BC subtypes and functions, such as proliferation, apoptosis, stemness, the cell cycle, migration, and metastasis, through several factors and signaling pathways, such as Bcl-2 and the PI3K/Akt pathway, among others. Several regulators that target m6A have been shown to have anticancer effects. Fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) was identified as the first m6A demethylase, and a series of inhibitors that target FTO were reported to have potential for the treatment of BC by inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. However, the exact mechanism by which m6A modifications are regulated by FTO inhibitors remains unknown. m6A modifications in BC have only been preliminarily studied, and their mechanisms require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wei
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jing-Wen Bai
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Oncology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lei Niu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yong-Qu Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hong-Yu Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Guo-Jun Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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209
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Zhang S, Chen Y, Wang Y, Zhang P, Chen G, Zhou Y. Insights Into Translatomics in the Nervous System. Front Genet 2021; 11:599548. [PMID: 33408739 PMCID: PMC7779767 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.599548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Most neurological disorders are caused by abnormal gene translation. Generally, dysregulation of elements involved in the translational process disrupts homeostasis in neurons and neuroglia. Better understanding of how the gene translation process occurs requires detailed analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic profile data. However, a lack of strictly direct correlations between mRNA and protein levels limits translational investigation by combining transcriptomic and proteomic profiling. The much better correlation between proteins and translated mRNAs than total mRNAs in abundance and insufficiently sensitive proteomics approach promote the requirement of advances in translatomics technology. Translatomics which capture and sequence the mRNAs associated with ribosomes has been effective in identifying translational changes by genetics or projections, ribosome stalling, local translation, and transcript isoforms in the nervous system. Here, we place emphasis on the main three translatomics methods currently used to profile mRNAs attached to ribosome-nascent chain complex (RNC-mRNA). Their prominent applications in neurological diseases including glioma, neuropathic pain, depression, fragile X syndrome (FXS), neurodegenerative disorders are outlined. The content reviewed here expands our understanding on the contributions of aberrant translation to neurological disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxia Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yeru Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Anti-Cancer Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Piao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youfa Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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210
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Liu XM, Zhou J. Multifaceted regulation of translation by the epitranscriptomic modification N 6-methyladenosine. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 56:137-148. [PMID: 33412937 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1869174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Translation occurring on cytoplasmic mRNA is precisely governed at three consecutive stages, including initiation, elongation and termination. A growing body of evidence has revealed that an emerging epitranscriptomic code N6-methyladenosine (m6A), asymmetrically present in a large subset of coding and non-coding transcripts, is crucially required for mediating the translatomic stability. Through recruiting translation machinery proteins, serving as a physical barrier, or directing RNA structural rearrangement and mRNA looping formation, m6A has been decoded to modulate translational dynamics through potentially influencing the progress of different stages, thereby forming an additional layer of complexity to the regulation of translation. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of how m6A guides mRNA translation under normal and stress conditions, highlighting the divergent molecular mechanisms of multifarious regulation of m6A-mediated translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Min Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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211
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Pan XY, Huang C, Li J. The emerging roles of m 6A modification in liver carcinogenesis. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:271-284. [PMID: 33390849 PMCID: PMC7757034 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.50003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The 'epitranscriptome', a collective term for chemical modifications that influence the structure, metabolism, and functions of RNA, has recently emerged as vitally important for the regulation of gene expression. N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most prevalent mammalian mRNA internal modification, has been demonstrated to have a pivotal role in almost all vital bioprocesses, such as stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, heat shock or DNA damage response, tissue development, and maternal-to-zygotic transition. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is prevalent worldwide with high morbidity and mortality because of late diagnosis at an advanced stage and lack of effective treatment strategies. Epigenetic modifications including DNA methylation and histone modification have been demonstrated to be crucial for liver carcinogenesis. However, the role and underlying molecular mechanism of m6A in liver carcinogenesis are mostly unknown. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the m6A region and how these new findings remodel our understanding of m6A regulation of gene expression. We also describe the influence of m6A modification on liver carcinoma and lipid metabolism to instigate further investigations of the role of m6A in liver biological diseases and its potential application in the development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yin Pan
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University
| | - Cheng Huang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University
| | - Jun Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University
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212
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Madugalle SU, Meyer K, Wang DO, Bredy TW. RNA N 6-Methyladenosine and the Regulation of RNA Localization and Function in the Brain. Trends Neurosci 2020; 43:1011-1023. [PMID: 33041062 PMCID: PMC7688512 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge in neurobiology in the 21st century is to understand how the brain adapts with experience. Activity-dependent gene expression is integral to the synaptic plasticity underlying learning and memory; however, this process cannot be explained by a simple linear trajectory of transcription to translation within a specific neuronal population. Many other regulatory mechanisms can influence RNA metabolism and the capacity of neurons to adapt. In particular, the RNA modification N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has recently been shown to regulate RNA processing through alternative splicing, RNA stability, and translation. Here, we discuss the emerging idea that m6A could also coordinate the transport, localization, and local translation of key mRNAs in learning and memory and expand on the notion of dynamic functional RNA states in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachithrani U Madugalle
- Cognitive Neuroepigenetics Laboratory, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Kate Meyer
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dan Ohtan Wang
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Timothy W Bredy
- Cognitive Neuroepigenetics Laboratory, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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213
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Park CW, Lee SM, Yoon KJ. Epitranscriptomic regulation of transcriptome plasticity in development and diseases of the brain. BMB Rep 2020. [PMID: 33148378 PMCID: PMC7704224 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2020.53.11.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper development of the nervous system is critical for its function, and deficits in neural development have been impli-cated in many brain disorders. A precise and predictable developmental schedule requires highly coordinated gene expression programs that orchestrate the dynamics of the developing brain. Especially, recent discoveries have been showing that various mRNA chemical modifications can affect RNA metabolism including decay, transport, splicing, and translation in cell type- and tissue-specific manner, leading to the emergence of the field of epitranscriptomics. Moreover, accumulating evidences showed that certain types of RNA modifications are predominantly found in the developing brain and their dysregulation disrupts not only the developmental processes, but also neuronal activities, suggesting that epitranscriptomic mechanisms play critical post-transcriptional regulatory roles in development of the brain and etiology of brain disorders. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of molecular regulation on transcriptome plasticity by RNA modifications in neurodevelopment and how alterations in these RNA regulatory programs lead to human brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Woo Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sung-Min Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Ki-Jun Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
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214
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Pan H, Li X, Chen C, Fan Y, Zhou Q. [Research Advances of m⁶A RNA Methylation in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2020; 23:961-969. [PMID: 33203198 PMCID: PMC7679222 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2020.102.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
m6A修饰是真核生物mRNA中最丰富的修饰之一,该过程受m6A甲基转移酶和去甲基化酶的共同调控。m6A修饰后的RNA能够被m6A识别蛋白特异性识别并结合,进而介导RNA的剪接、成熟、出核、降解和翻译等。目前国内外对于m6A修饰及其相关蛋白如何参与非小细胞肺癌发生发展的研究,主要集中于细胞恶性增殖、迁移、侵袭、转移和耐药等方面。m6A修饰相关蛋白在肺癌组织标本和血液循环肿瘤细胞(circulating tumor cell, CTC)中表达异常,有望成为肺癌诊断和预后判断的潜在分子标志物。本文围绕m6A修饰相关蛋白的组成、作用方式、在非小细胞肺癌恶性进展中的生物学功能,以及针对m6A修饰的靶向治疗等方面的研究进展进行综述,旨在为非小细胞肺癌的早期临床诊断和靶向药物的开发提供新思路。
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Pan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute,
Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xuebing Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute,
Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute,
Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yaguang Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute,
Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute,
Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.,Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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215
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Ketley RF, Gullerova M. Jack of all trades? The versatility of RNA in DNA double-strand break repair. Essays Biochem 2020; 64:721-735. [PMID: 32618336 PMCID: PMC7592198 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20200008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which RNA acts in the DNA damage response (DDR), specifically in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), are emerging as multifaceted and complex. Different RNA species, including but not limited to; microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), RNA:DNA hybrid structures, the recently identified damage-induced lncRNA (dilncRNA), damage-responsive transcripts (DARTs), and DNA damage-dependent small RNAs (DDRNAs), have been shown to play integral roles in the DSB response. The diverse properties of these RNAs, such as sequence, structure, and binding partners, enable them to fulfil a variety of functions in different cellular contexts. Additionally, RNA can be modified post-transcriptionally, a process which is regulated in response to cellular stressors such as DNA damage. Many of these mechanisms are not yet understood and the literature contradictory, reflecting the complexity and expansive nature of the roles of RNA in the DDR. However, it is clear that RNA is pivotal in ensuring the maintenance of genome integrity. In this review, we will discuss and summarise recent evidence which highlights the roles of these various RNAs in preserving genomic integrity, with a particular focus on the emerging role of RNA in the DSB repair response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth F Ketley
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
| | - Monika Gullerova
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
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216
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Wang Q, Guo X, Li L, Gao Z, Su X, Ji M, Liu J. N 6-methyladenosine METTL3 promotes cervical cancer tumorigenesis and Warburg effect through YTHDF1/HK2 modification. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:911. [PMID: 33099572 PMCID: PMC7585578 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03071-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) serves as the most common and conserved internal transcriptional modification. However, the roles of m6A on cervical cancer (CC) tumorigenesis are still unclear. Here, results indicated that METTL3 was significantly upregulated in CC tissue and cells, which was closely correlated with the lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis of CC patients. MeRIP-Seq analysis revealed the m6A profiles in CC cells. Functionally, METTL3 promoted the proliferation and Warburg effect (aerobic glycolysis) of CC cells. Mechanistically, METTL3 targeted the 3’-Untranslated Region (3’-UTR) of hexokinase 2 (HK2) mRNA. Moreover, METTL3 recruited YTHDF1, a m6A reader, to enhance HK2 stability. These findings demonstrated that METTL3 enhanced the HK2 stability through YTHDF1-mediated m6A modification, thereby promoting the Warburg effect of CC, which might promote a novel insight for the CC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqing Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, 453000, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xiangcui Guo
- Department of Gynecology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, 453000, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Gynecology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, 453000, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Zhihui Gao
- Department of Gynecology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, 453000, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoke Su
- Department of Gynecology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, 453000, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Mei Ji
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450003, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Third Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou Medical University, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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217
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Oliveira NCM, Lins ÉM, Massirer KB, Bengtson MH. Translational Control during Mammalian Neocortex Development and Postembryonic Neuronal Function. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 114:36-46. [PMID: 33020045 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The control of mRNA translation has key roles in the regulation of gene expression and biological processes such as mammalian cellular differentiation and identity. Methodological advances in the last decade have resulted in considerable progress towards understanding how translational control contributes to the regulation of diverse biological phenomena. In this review, we discuss recent findings in the involvement of translational control in the mammalian neocortex development and neuronal biology. We focus on regulatory mechanisms that modulate translational efficiency during neural stem cells self-renewal and differentiation, as well as in neuronal-related processes such as synapse, plasticity, and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natássia Cristina Martins Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering - CBMEG, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 13083-875, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Center of Medicinal Chemistry - CQMED, Structural Genomics Consortium - SGC, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 13083-886, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Érico Moreto Lins
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil; PhD Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PGBM), UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Katlin Brauer Massirer
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering - CBMEG, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 13083-875, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Center of Medicinal Chemistry - CQMED, Structural Genomics Consortium - SGC, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 13083-886, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Mário Henrique Bengtson
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Center of Medicinal Chemistry - CQMED, Structural Genomics Consortium - SGC, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 13083-886, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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218
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Seo KW, Kleiner RE. Mechanisms of epitranscriptomic gene regulation. Biopolymers 2020; 112:e23403. [PMID: 33001446 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chemical modifications on RNA can regulate fundamental biological processes. Recent efforts have illuminated the chemical diversity of posttranscriptional ("epitranscriptomic") modifications on eukaryotic messenger RNA and have begun to elucidate their biological roles. In this review, we discuss our current molecular understanding of epitranscriptomic RNA modifications and their effects on gene expression. In particular, we highlight the role of modifications in mediating RNA-protein interactions, RNA structure, and RNA-RNA base pairing, and how these macromolecular interactions control biological processes in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung W Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ralph E Kleiner
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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219
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Abstract
The emergence of genome-wide analyses to interrogate cellular DNA, RNA, and protein content has revolutionized the study of control networks that mediate cellular homeostasis. mRNA translation represents the last step of genetic flow and primarily defines the proteome. Translational regulation is thus critical for gene expression, in particular under nutrient excess or deficiency. Until recently, it was unclear how the global effects of translational control are orchestrated by nutrient signaling pathways. An emerging concept of translational reprogramming addresses how to maintain the expression of specific proteins during nutrient stress by translation of selective mRNAs. In this review, we describe recent advances in our understanding of translational control principles; nutrient-sensing mechanisms; and their dysregulation in human diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and aging. The mechanistic understanding of translational regulation in response to different nutrient conditions may help identify potential dietary and therapeutic targets to improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Erica Shu
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Robert V. Swanda
- Graduate Field of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Shu-Bing Qian
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Graduate Field of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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220
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Li Y, Ge YZ, Xu L, Xu Z, Dou Q, Jia R. The Potential Roles of RNA N6-Methyladenosine in Urological Tumors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:579919. [PMID: 33015074 PMCID: PMC7510505 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.579919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is regarded as the most abundant, prevalent and conserved internal mRNA modification in mammalian cells. M6A can be catalyzed by m6A methyltransferases METTL3, METTL14 and WTAP (writers), reverted by demethylases ALKBH5 and FTO (erasers), and recognized by m6A -binding proteins such as YTHDF1/2/3, IGF2BP1/2/3 and HNRNPA2B1 (readers). Emerging evidence suggests that m6A modification is significant for regulating many biological and cellular processes and participates in the pathological development of various diseases, including tumors. This article reviews recent studies on the biological function of m6A modification and the methylation modification of m6A in urological tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Zheng Ge
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luwei Xu
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Quanliang Dou
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruipeng Jia
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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221
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Slobodin B, Dikstein R. So close, no matter how far: multiple paths connecting transcription to mRNA translation in eukaryotes. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e50799. [PMID: 32803873 PMCID: PMC7507372 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription of DNA into mRNA and translation of mRNA into proteins are two major processes underlying gene expression. Due to the distinct molecular mechanisms, timings, and locales of action, these processes are mainly considered to be independent. During the last two decades, however, multiple factors and elements were shown to coordinate transcription and translation, suggesting an intricate level of synchronization. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms that impact both processes in eukaryotic cells of different origins. The emerging global picture suggests evolutionarily conserved regulation and coordination between transcription and mRNA translation, indicating the importance of this phenomenon for the fine-tuning of gene expression and the adjustment to constantly changing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Slobodin
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesThe Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Rivka Dikstein
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesThe Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
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222
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Zhang W, He L, Liu Z, Ren X, Qi L, Wan L, Wang W, Tu C, Li Z. Multifaceted Functions and Novel Insight Into the Regulatory Role of RNA N 6-Methyladenosine Modification in Musculoskeletal Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:870. [PMID: 32984346 PMCID: PMC7493464 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA modifications have emerged as key regulators of transcript expression in diverse physiological and pathological processes. As one of the most prevalent types of RNA modifications, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has become the highlight in modulation of various diseases through interfering RNA splicing, translation, nuclear export, and decay. In many cases, the detailed functions of m6A in cellular processes and diseases remain unclear. Notably, recent studies have determined the relationship between m6A modification and musculoskeletal disorders containing osteosarcoma, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, etc. Herein, this review comprehensively summarizes the recent advances of m6A modification in pathogenesis and progression of musculoskeletal diseases. Specifically, the underlying molecular mechanisms, detection technologies, regulatory functions, clinical implications, and future perspectives of m6A in musculoskeletal disorders are discussed, with the aim to provide a novel insight into their association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lile He
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhongyue Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaolei Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Qi
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Wan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wanchun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chao Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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223
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Dermentzaki G, Lotti F. New Insights on the Role of N 6-Methyladenosine RNA Methylation in the Physiology and Pathology of the Nervous System. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:555372. [PMID: 32984403 PMCID: PMC7492240 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.555372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA modifications termed epitranscriptomics represent an additional layer of gene regulation similar to epigenetic mechanisms operating on DNA. The dynamic nature and the increasing number of RNA modifications offer new opportunities for a rapid fine-tuning of gene expression in response to specific environmental cues. In cooperation with a diverse and versatile set of effector proteins that "recognize" them, these RNA modifications have the ability to mediate and control diverse fundamental cellular functions, such as pre-mRNA splicing, nuclear export, stability, and translation. N 6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant of these RNA modifications, particularly in the nervous system, where recent studies have highlighted it as an important post-transcriptional regulator of physiological functions from development to synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. Here we review recent findings surrounding the role of m6A modification in regulating physiological responses of the mammalian nervous system and we discuss its emerging role in pathological conditions such as neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Dermentzaki
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Francesco Lotti
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States
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224
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Zeng C, Huang W, Li Y, Weng H. Roles of METTL3 in cancer: mechanisms and therapeutic targeting. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:117. [PMID: 32854717 PMCID: PMC7457244 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00951-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant mRNA modification and is catalyzed by the methyltransferase complex, in which methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) is the sole catalytic subunit. Accumulating evidence in recent years reveals that METTL3 plays key roles in a variety of cancer types, either dependent or independent on its m6A RNA methyltransferase activity. While the roles of m6A modifications in cancer have been extensively reviewed elsewhere, the critical functions of METTL3 in various types of cancer, as well as the potential targeting of METTL3 as cancer treatment, have not yet been highlighted. Here we summarize our current understanding both on the oncogenic and tumor-suppressive functions of METTL3, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms. The well-documented protein structure of the METTL3/METTL14 heterodimer provides the basis for potential therapeutic targeting, which is also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwu Zeng
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, 510005, China.,Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wanxu Huang
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, 510005, China.,The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510700, China
| | - Yangqiu Li
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Hengyou Weng
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, 510005, China. .,Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
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225
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Zhang M, Zhai Y, Zhang S, Dai X, Li Z. Roles of N6-Methyladenosine (m 6A) in Stem Cell Fate Decisions and Early Embryonic Development in Mammals. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:782. [PMID: 32850871 PMCID: PMC7431753 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is one of the most abundant internal mRNA modifications, and it affects multiple biological processes related to eukaryotic mRNA. The majority of m6A sites are located in stop codons and 3′UTR regions of mRNAs. m6A regulates RNA metabolism, including alternative splicing (AS), alternative polyadenylation (APA), mRNA export, decay, stabilization, and translation. The m6A metabolic pathway is regulated by a series of m6A writers, erasers and readers. Recent studies indicate that m6A is essential for the regulation of gene expression, tumor formation, stem cell fate, gametogenesis, and animal development. In this systematic review, we summarized the recent advances in newly identified m6A effectors and the effects of m6A on RNA metabolism. Subsequently, we reviewed the functional roles of RNA m6A modification in diverse cellular bioprocesses, such as stem cell fate decisions, cell reprogramming and early embryonic development, and we discussed the potential of m6A modification to be applied to regenerative medicine, disease treatment, organ transplantation, and animal reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanhui Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiangpeng Dai
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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226
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Bühler M, Tuck AC. Scaling up dissection of functional RNA elements. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2020; 27:771-773. [PMID: 32747786 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-020-0482-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Bühler
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland. .,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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227
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He JJ, Li Z, Rong ZX, Gao J, Mu Y, Guan YD, Ren XX, Zi YY, Liu LY, Fan Q, Zhou M, Duan YM, Zhou Q, Deng YZ, Sun LQ. m 6A Reader YTHDC2 Promotes Radiotherapy Resistance of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma via Activating IGF1R/AKT/S6 Signaling Axis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1166. [PMID: 32850334 PMCID: PMC7411471 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification has been reported as a critical regulator of gene transcript expression. Although m6A modification plays important roles in tumor development, its role in therapeutic resistance remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to examine the expression level of m6A-modification related proteins and elucidate the effect of m6A-related proteins on radiation response in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Among the genes that participated in m6A modification, YTHDC2, a m6A reader, was found to be consistently highly expressed in radioresistant NPC cells. Knocking down of YTHDC2 expression in radioresistant NPC cells improved the therapeutic effect of radiotherapy in vitro and in vivo, whereas overexpression of YTHDC2 in radiosensitive NPC cells exerted an opposite effect. Bioinformatics and mechanistic studies revealed that YTHDC2 could physically bound to insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) messenger RNA and promoted translation initiation of IGF1R mRNA, which in turn activated the IGF1R-AKT/S6 signaling pathway. Thus, the present study suggests that YTHDC2 promotes radiotherapy resistance of NPC cells by activating the IGF1R/ATK/S6 signaling axis and may serve as a potential therapeutic target in radiosensitization of NPC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ju He
- Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuo-Xian Rong
- Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Yun Mu
- Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Yi-Di Guan
- Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Xin-Xin Ren
- Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Yu-Yuan Zi
- Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Li-Yu Liu
- Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Fan
- Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu-Mei Duan
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yue-Zhen Deng
- Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Lun-Quan Sun
- Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Science and Technology Collaboration Base of Precision Medicine for Cancer, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, Changsha, China
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228
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Asada K, Bolatkan A, Takasawa K, Komatsu M, Kaneko S, Hamamoto R. Critical Roles of N6-Methyladenosine (m 6A) in Cancer and Virus Infection. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10071071. [PMID: 32709063 PMCID: PMC7408378 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that epigenetic abnormalities are involved in various diseases, including cancer. In particular, in order to realize precision medicine, the integrated analysis of genetics and epigenetics is considered to be important; detailed epigenetic analysis in the medical field has been becoming increasingly important. In the epigenetics analysis, DNA methylation and histone modification analyses have been actively studied for a long time, and many important findings were accumulated. On the other hand, recently, attention has also been focused on RNA modification in the field of epigenetics; now it is known that RNA modification is associated with various biological functions, such as regulation of gene expression. Among RNA modifications, functional analysis of N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most abundant RNA modification found from humans to plants is actively progressing, and it has also been known that m6A abnormality is involved in cancer and other diseases. Importantly, recent studies have shown that m6A is related to viral infections. Considering the current world situation under threat of viral infections, it is important to deepen knowledge of RNA modification from the viewpoint of viral diseases. Hence, in this review, we have summarized the recent findings regarding the roles of RNA modifications in biological functions, cancer biology, and virus infection, particularly focusing on m6A in mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Asada
- Cancer Translational Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, 1-4-1 Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan; (A.B.); (K.T.); (M.K.)
- Division of Molecular Modification and Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan;
- Correspondence: (K.A.); (R.H.); Tel.: +81-3-3547-5271 (R.H.)
| | - Amina Bolatkan
- Cancer Translational Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, 1-4-1 Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan; (A.B.); (K.T.); (M.K.)
- Division of Molecular Modification and Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan;
| | - Ken Takasawa
- Cancer Translational Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, 1-4-1 Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan; (A.B.); (K.T.); (M.K.)
- Division of Molecular Modification and Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan;
| | - Masaaki Komatsu
- Cancer Translational Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, 1-4-1 Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan; (A.B.); (K.T.); (M.K.)
- Division of Molecular Modification and Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan;
| | - Syuzo Kaneko
- Division of Molecular Modification and Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan;
| | - Ryuji Hamamoto
- Cancer Translational Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, 1-4-1 Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan; (A.B.); (K.T.); (M.K.)
- Division of Molecular Modification and Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan;
- Correspondence: (K.A.); (R.H.); Tel.: +81-3-3547-5271 (R.H.)
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229
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Hou J, Wang Z, Li H, Zhang H, Luo L. Gene Signature and Identification of Clinical Trait-Related m 6 A Regulators in Pancreatic Cancer. Front Genet 2020; 11:522. [PMID: 32754191 PMCID: PMC7367043 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) has a very poor prognosis and is usually diagnosed only at an advanced stage. The discovery of new biomarkers for PC will help in early diagnosis and a better prognosis for patients. Recently, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modifications and their regulators have been implicated in the development of many cancers. To investigate the functions and mechanisms of m6A modifications in the development of PC, 19 m6A regulators, including m6A-methyltransferases (ZC3H13, RBM15/15B, WTAP, KIAA1429, and METTL3/14), demethylases (FTO and ALKBH5), and binding proteins (YTHDF1/2/3, YTHDC1/2, IGF2BP1/2/3, HNRNPC, and HNRNPA2B1) were analyzed in 178 PC tissues from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database. The results were verified in PC cell lines Mia-PaCa-2, BXPC-3, and the control cell line HDE-CT. The m6A regulators-based sample clusters were significantly related to overall survival (OS). Further, lasso regression identified a six-m6A-regulator-signature prognostic model (KIAA1429, HNRNPC, METTL3, YTHDF1, IGF2BP2, and IGF2BP3). Model-based high-risk and low-risk groups were significantly correlated with OS and clinical traits (pathologic M, N, and clinical stages and vital status). The risk signature was verified as an independent prognostic marker for patients with PC. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis revealed m6A regulators (KIAA1429, HNRNPC, and IGF2BP2) were related to multiple biological behaviors in PC, including adipocytokine signaling, the well vs. poorly differentiated tumor pathway, tumor metastasis pathway, epithelial mesenchymal transition pathway, gemcitabine resistance pathway, and stemness pathway. In summary, the m6A regulatory factors which related to clinical characteristics can be involved in the malignant progression of PC, and the constructed risk markers may be a promising prognostic biomarker that can guide the individualized treatment of PC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hou
- The People's Hospital of Baoan Shenzhen, The 8th people's Hospital of Shenzhen, The Affiliated Baoan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhan Wang
- The People's Hospital of Baoan Shenzhen, The 8th people's Hospital of Shenzhen, The Affiliated Baoan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hong Li
- The People's Hospital of Baoan Shenzhen, The 8th people's Hospital of Shenzhen, The Affiliated Baoan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongzhi Zhang
- The People's Hospital of Baoan Shenzhen, The 8th people's Hospital of Shenzhen, The Affiliated Baoan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lan Luo
- The People's Hospital of Baoan Shenzhen, The 8th people's Hospital of Shenzhen, The Affiliated Baoan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
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230
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Kramer MC, Janssen KA, Palos K, Nelson ADL, Vandivier LE, Garcia BA, Lyons E, Beilstein MA, Gregory BD. N 6-methyladenosine and RNA secondary structure affect transcript stability and protein abundance during systemic salt stress in Arabidopsis. PLANT DIRECT 2020; 4:e00239. [PMID: 32724893 PMCID: PMC7379018 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
After transcription, a messenger RNA (mRNA) is further post-transcriptionally regulated by several features including RNA secondary structure and covalent RNA modifications (specifically N6-methyladenosine, m6A). Both RNA secondary structure and m6A have been demonstrated to regulate mRNA stability and translation and have been independently linked to plant responses to soil salinity levels. However, the effect of m6A on regulating RNA secondary structure and the combinatorial interplay between these two RNA features during salt stress response has yet to be studied. Here, we globally identify RNA-protein interactions and RNA secondary structure during systemic salt stress. This analysis reveals that RNA secondary structure changes significantly during salt stress, and that it is independent of global changes in RNA-protein interactions. Conversely, we find that m6A is anti-correlated with RNA secondary structure in a condition-dependent manner, with salt-specific m6A correlated with a decrease in mRNA secondary structure during salt stress. Taken together, we suggest that salt-specific m6A deposition and the associated loss of RNA secondary structure results in increases in mRNA stability for transcripts encoding abiotic stress response proteins and ultimately increases in protein levels from these stabilized transcripts. In total, our comprehensive analyses reveal important post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms involved in plant long-term salt stress response and adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne C. Kramer
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate GroupPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Kevin A. Janssen
- Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Epigenetics InstitutePerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate GroupUniversity of PennsylvaniaPAUSA
| | - Kyle Palos
- School of Plant SciencesUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
| | | | - Lee E. Vandivier
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate GroupPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Benjamin A. Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Epigenetics InstitutePerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Eric Lyons
- School of Plant SciencesUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
- CyVerseUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
| | | | - Brian D. Gregory
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate GroupPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
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231
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Li X, Fan X, Yin X, Liu H, Yang Y. Alteration of N 6-methyladenosine epitranscriptome profile in unilateral ureteral obstructive nephropathy. Epigenomics 2020; 12:1157-1173. [PMID: 32543222 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To reveal the alterations of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) epitranscriptome profile in kidney after unilateral ureteral obstruction in mice. Materials & methods: Total renal m6A and expressions of methyltransferases and demethylases were detected by colorimetric quantification method, real-time PCR and western blot, respectively. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing was performed to map epitranscriptome-wide m6A profile. Results: Total m6A levels were time-dependent decreased within 1 week, with the lowest level detected at day 7. A total of 823 differentially methylated transcripts in 507 genes were identified. Specifically, demethylated mRNAs selectively acted on multiple pathways, including TGF-β and WNT. Conclusion: m6A modification has a functional importance in renal interstitial fibrosis during obstructive nephropathy and might be a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Li
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China
| | - Xu Fan
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Yin
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China
| | - Huajian Liu
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China
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232
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Li L, Chen YX, Yang B, Liao JY, Peng JW, Zhu S. The crosstalk between RNA m6A epitranscriptome and TGFβ signaling pathway contributes to the arrest of cell cycle. Gene 2020; 738:144483. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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233
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Scarrow M, Chen N, Sun G. Insights into the N 6-methyladenosine mechanism and its functionality: progress and questions. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:639-652. [PMID: 32321323 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1751059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation has become a progressively popular area of molecular research since the discovery of its potentially essential regulatory role amongst eukaryotes. m6A marks are observed in the 5'UTR, 3'UTR and coding regions of eukaryotes and its mediation has been associated with various human diseases, RNA stability and translational efficiency. To understand the implications of m6A methylation in molecular governance, its functionality and mechanism must be initially understood. m6A regulation through its readers, writers and erasers as well as an insight into the potential "cross-talk" occurring between m6A and previously well documented regulatory molecular mechanisms have been characterized. The majority of research to date has been limited to few species and has yet to explore the species- and tissue specific nature or mechanistic plasticity of m6A regulation. There is still a tremendous gap in our knowledge surrounding the mechanism and functionality of m6A RNA methylation. Here we review the formation, removal, and decoding of m6A amongst animals, yeast, and plants while noting potential "cross-talk" between various mechanisms and highlighting potential areas of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ning Chen
- Biology Department, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Genlou Sun
- Biology Department, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Canada
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234
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Zhao Y, Shi Y, Shen H, Xie W. m 6A-binding proteins: the emerging crucial performers in epigenetics. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:35. [PMID: 32276589 PMCID: PMC7146974 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00872-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a well-known post-transcriptional modification that is the most common type of methylation in eukaryotic mRNAs. The regulation of m6A is dynamic and reversible, which is erected by m6A methyltransferases ("writers") and removed by m6A demethylases ("erasers"). Notably, the effects on targeted mRNAs resulted by m6A predominantly depend on the functions of different m6A-binding proteins ("readers") including YT521-B homology (YTH) domain family, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (HNRNPs), and insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding proteins (IGF2BPs). Indeed, m6A readers not only participate in multiple procedures of RNA metabolism, but also are involved in a variety of biological processes. In this review, we summarized the specific functions and underlying mechanisms of m6A-binding proteins in tumorigenesis, hematopoiesis, virus replication, immune response, and adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Zhao
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanfei Shi
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huafei Shen
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wanzhuo Xie
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
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235
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Chen M, Wong CM. The emerging roles of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) deregulation in liver carcinogenesis. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:44. [PMID: 32111216 PMCID: PMC7047367 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01172-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is a common cancer worldwide. Although the etiological factors of liver carcinogenesis are well defined, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely elusive. Epigenetic deregulations, such as aberrant DNA methylation and histone modifications, play a critical role in liver carcinogenesis. Analogous to DNA and core histone proteins, reversible chemical modifications on mRNA have recently been recognized as important regulatory mechanisms to control gene expression. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent internal mRNA modification in mammalian cells. m6A modification is important for controlling many cellular and biological processes. Deregulation of m6A modification has been recently implicated in human carcinogenesis, including liver cancer. In this review, we summarize the recent findings on m6A regulation and its biological impacts in normal and cancer cells. We will focus on the deregulation of m6A modification and m6A regulators in liver diseases and liver cancers. We will highlight the clinical relevance of m6A deregulation in liver cancer. We will also discuss the potential of exploiting m6A modification for cancer diagnosis and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengnuo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Ming Wong
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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