201
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Two phases of aging separated by the Smurf transition as a public path to death. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23523. [PMID: 27002861 PMCID: PMC4802314 DOI: 10.1038/srep23523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging’s most obvious characteristic is the time dependent increase of an individual’s probability to die. This lifelong process is accompanied by a large number of molecular and physiological changes. Although numerous genes involved in aging have been identified in the past decades its leading factors have yet to be determined. To identify the very processes driving aging we have developed in the past years an assay to identify physiologically old individuals in a synchronized population of Drosophila melanogaster. Those individuals show an age-dependent increase of intestinal permeability followed by a high risk of death. Here we show that this physiological marker of aging is conserved in 3 invertebrate species Drosophila mojavensis, Drosophila virilis, Caenorhabditis elegans as well as in 1 vertebrate species Danio rerio. Our findings suggest that intestinal barrier dysfunction may be an important event in the aging process conserved across a broad range of species, thus raising the possibility that it may also be the case in Homo sapiens.
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202
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Kumar S, Dietrich N, Kornfeld K. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitor Extends Caenorhabditis elegans Life Span. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005866. [PMID: 26918946 PMCID: PMC4769152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal aging is characterized by progressive, degenerative changes in many organ systems. Because age-related degeneration is a major contributor to disability and death in humans, treatments that delay age-related degeneration are desirable. However, no drugs that delay normal human aging are currently available. To identify drugs that delay age-related degeneration, we used the powerful Caenorhabditis elegans model system to screen for FDA-approved drugs that can extend the adult lifespan of worms. Here we show that captopril extended mean lifespan. Captopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used to treat high blood pressure in humans. To explore the mechanism of captopril, we analyzed the acn-1 gene that encodes the C. elegans homolog of ACE. Reducing the activity of acn-1 extended the mean life span. Furthermore, reducing the activity of acn-1 delayed age-related degenerative changes and increased stress resistance, indicating that acn-1 influences aging. Captopril could not further extend the lifespan of animals with reduced acn-1, suggesting they function in the same pathway; we propose that captopril inhibits acn-1 to extend lifespan. To define the relationship with previously characterized longevity pathways, we analyzed mutant animals. The lifespan extension caused by reducing the activity of acn-1 was additive with caloric restriction and mitochondrial insufficiency, and did not require sir-2.1, hsf-1 or rict-1, suggesting that acn-1 functions by a distinct mechanism. The interactions with the insulin/IGF-1 pathway were complex, since the lifespan extensions caused by captopril and reducing acn-1 activity were additive with daf-2 and age-1 but required daf-16. Captopril treatment and reducing acn-1 activity caused similar effects in a wide range of genetic backgrounds, consistent with the model that they act by the same mechanism. These results identify a new drug and a new gene that can extend the lifespan of worms and suggest new therapeutic strategies for addressing age-related degenerative changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Dietrich
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Kerry Kornfeld
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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203
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Peixoto H, Roxo M, Krstin S, Röhrig T, Richling E, Wink M. An Anthocyanin-Rich Extract of Acai (Euterpe precatoria Mart.) Increases Stress Resistance and Retards Aging-Related Markers in Caenorhabditis elegans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:1283-90. [PMID: 26809379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Acai fruits (Euterpe precatoria) are rich in antioxidant anthocyanins. Acai consumption is believed to have many health benefits; however, relevant detailed scientific investigations are limited. The current study aimed to investigate an anthocyanin-rich extract from E. precatoria fruits (AE) with regard to its antioxidant and antiaging properties using the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. AE can protect the worms against oxidative stress and can ameliorate accumulation of reactive oxygen species in vivo. The expression of stress-response genes, such as sod-3::GFP, was upregulated while hsp-16::GFP was down-regulated after AE treatment. Studies with DAF-16/FOXO mutants indicated that some of the antioxidant effects are mediated by this transcription factor. AE can modulate the development of age-related markers, such as pharyngeal pumping. Despite the apparent antioxidant activity, no lifespan-prolonging effect was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbenya Peixoto
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University , , INF 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mariana Roxo
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University , , INF 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sonja Krstin
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University , , INF 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Teresa Röhrig
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Molecular Nutrition, University of Kaiserslautern , Erwin-Schroedinger-Strasse 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Elke Richling
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Molecular Nutrition, University of Kaiserslautern , Erwin-Schroedinger-Strasse 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University , , INF 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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204
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Morsci NS, Hall DH, Driscoll M, Sheng ZH. Age-Related Phasic Patterns of Mitochondrial Maintenance in Adult Caenorhabditis elegans Neurons. J Neurosci 2016; 36:1373-85. [PMID: 26818523 PMCID: PMC4728731 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2799-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with cognitive decline and increasing risk of neurodegeneration. Perturbation of mitochondrial function, dynamics, and trafficking are implicated in the pathogenesis of several age-associated neurodegenerative diseases. Despite this fundamental importance, the critical understanding of how organismal aging affects lifetime neuronal mitochondrial maintenance remains unknown, particularly in a physiologically relevant context. To address this issue, we performed a comprehensive in vivo analysis of age-associated changes in mitochondrial morphology, density, trafficking, and stress resistance in individual Caenorhabditis elegans neurons throughout adult life. Adult neurons display three distinct stages of increase, maintenance, and decrease in mitochondrial size and density during adulthood. Mitochondrial trafficking in the distal neuronal processes declines progressively with age starting from early adulthood. In contrast, long-lived daf-2 mutants exhibit delayed age-associated changes in mitochondrial morphology, constant mitochondrial density, and maintained trafficking rates during adulthood. Reduced mitochondrial load at late adulthood correlates with decreased mitochondrial resistance to oxidative stress. Revealing aging-associated changes in neuronal mitochondria in vivo is an essential precedent that will allow future elucidation of the mechanistic causes of mitochondrial aging. Thus, our study establishes the critical foundation for the future analysis of cellular pathways and genetic and pharmacological factors regulating mitochondrial maintenance in aging- and disease-relevant conditions. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model, we address long-standing questions: How does aging affect neuronal mitochondrial morphology, density, trafficking, and oxidative stress resistance? Are these age-related changes amenable to genetic manipulations that slow down the aging process? Our study illustrates that mitochondrial trafficking declines progressively from the first day of adulthood, whereas mitochondrial size, density, and resistance to oxidative stress undergo three distinct stages: increase in early adulthood, maintenance at high levels during mid-adulthood, and decline during late adulthood. Thus, our study characterizes mitochondrial aging profile at the level of a single neuron in its native environment and establishes the critical foundation for the future genetic and pharmacological dissection of factors that influence long-term mitochondrial maintenance in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S Morsci
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - David H Hall
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, and
| | - Monica Driscoll
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855
| | - Zu-Hang Sheng
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,
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205
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Berber S, Wood M, Llamosas E, Thaivalappil P, Lee K, Liao BM, Chew YL, Rhodes A, Yucel D, Crossley M, Nicholas HR. Homeodomain-Interacting Protein Kinase (HPK-1) regulates stress responses and ageing in C. elegans. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19582. [PMID: 26791749 PMCID: PMC4726358 DOI: 10.1038/srep19582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins of the Homeodomain-Interacting Protein Kinase (HIPK) family regulate an array of processes in mammalian systems, such as the DNA damage response, cellular proliferation and apoptosis. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has a single HIPK homologue called HPK-1. Previous studies have implicated HPK-1 in longevity control and suggested that this protein may be regulated in a stress-dependent manner. Here we set out to expand these observations by investigating the role of HPK-1 in longevity and in the response to heat and oxidative stress. We find that levels of HPK-1 are regulated by heat stress, and that HPK-1 contributes to survival following heat or oxidative stress. Additionally, we show that HPK-1 is required for normal longevity, with loss of HPK-1 function leading to a faster decline of physiological processes that reflect premature ageing. Through microarray analysis, we have found that HPK-1-regulated genes include those encoding proteins that serve important functions in stress responses such as Phase I and Phase II detoxification enzymes. Consistent with a role in longevity assurance, HPK-1 also regulates the expression of age-regulated genes. Lastly, we show that HPK-1 functions in the same pathway as DAF-16 to regulate longevity and reveal a new role for HPK-1 in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavica Berber
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mallory Wood
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Estelle Llamosas
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Karen Lee
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bing Mana Liao
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yee Lian Chew
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Aaron Rhodes
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Duygu Yucel
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Merlin Crossley
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
| | - Hannah R Nicholas
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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206
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Pincus
- Departments of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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207
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Yuan Y, Hakimi P, Kao C, Kao A, Liu R, Janocha A, Boyd-Tressler A, Hang X, Alhoraibi H, Slater E, Xia K, Cao P, Shue Q, Ching TT, Hsu AL, Erzurum SC, Dubyak GR, Berger NA, Hanson RW, Feng Z. Reciprocal Changes in Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase and Pyruvate Kinase with Age Are a Determinant of Aging in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:1307-19. [PMID: 26631730 PMCID: PMC4714217 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.691766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging involves progressive loss of cellular function and integrity, presumably caused by accumulated stochastic damage to cells. Alterations in energy metabolism contribute to aging, but how energy metabolism changes with age, how these changes affect aging, and whether they can be modified to modulate aging remain unclear. In locomotory muscle of post-fertile Caenorhabditis elegans, we identified a progressive decrease in cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK-C), a longevity-associated metabolic enzyme, and a reciprocal increase in glycolytic pyruvate kinase (PK) that were necessary and sufficient to limit lifespan. Decline in PEPCK-C with age also led to loss of cellular function and integrity including muscle activity, and cellular senescence. Genetic and pharmacologic interventions of PEPCK-C, muscle activity, and AMPK signaling demonstrate that declines in PEPCK-C and muscle function with age interacted to limit reproductive life and lifespan via disrupted energy homeostasis. Quantifications of metabolic flux show that reciprocal changes in PEPCK-C and PK with age shunted energy metabolism toward glycolysis, reducing mitochondrial bioenergetics. Last, calorie restriction countered changes in PEPCK-C and PK with age to elicit anti-aging effects via TOR inhibition. Thus, a programmed metabolic event involving PEPCK-C and PK is a determinant of aging that can be modified to modulate aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Clara Kao
- From the Departments of Pharmacology
| | | | - Ruifu Liu
- From the Departments of Pharmacology
| | - Allison Janocha
- the Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | | | - Xi Hang
- From the Departments of Pharmacology, the School of Pharmacy, Suzhou Health College, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, China, and
| | | | | | - Kevin Xia
- From the Departments of Pharmacology
| | | | | | - Tsui-Ting Ching
- the Departments of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, and
| | - Ao-Lin Hsu
- the Departments of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, and Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Serpil C Erzurum
- the Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - George R Dubyak
- From the Departments of Pharmacology, Physiology and Biophysics, and
| | - Nathan A Berger
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
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208
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Liu X, Huang Y, Chen Y, Cao Y. Partial structural characterization, as well as immunomodulatory and anti-aging activities of CP2-c2-s2 polysaccharide from Cordyceps militaris. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra23612j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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209
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Zimmerman SM, Hinkson IV, Elias JE, Kim SK. Reproductive Aging Drives Protein Accumulation in the Uterus and Limits Lifespan in C. elegans. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005725. [PMID: 26656270 PMCID: PMC4676719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging in Caenorhabditis elegans is characterized by widespread physiological and molecular changes, but the mechanisms that determine the rate at which these changes occur are not well understood. In this study, we identify a novel link between reproductive aging and somatic aging in C. elegans. By measuring global age-related changes in the proteome, we identify a previously uncharacterized group of secreted proteins in the adult uterus that dramatically increase in abundance with age. This accumulation is blunted in animals with an extended reproductive period and accelerated in sterile animals lacking a germline. Uterine proteins are not removed in old post-reproductive animals or in young vulvaless worms, indicating that egg-laying is necessary for their rapid removal in wild-type young animals. Together, these results suggest that age-induced infertility contributes to extracellular protein accumulation in the uterus with age. Finally, we show that knocking down multiple age-increased proteins simultaneously extends lifespan. These results provide a mechanistic example of how the cessation of reproduction contributes to detrimental changes in the soma, and demonstrate how the timing of reproductive decline can influence the rate of aging. To understand the process of aging at the molecular level in C. elegans, we measured changes in protein abundance with age, determined whether these age-related protein changes lead to dysfunction in old animals, and have elucidated one of the upstream pathways responsible for these aging changes. We found that egg-laying in young worms permits removal of a novel class of proteins present in the uterus. When the reproductive period ends, the removal of uterine proteins stops, causing them to accumulate to toxic levels. This shows that the timing of reproductive decline influences the rate of somatic aging. The concept that the reproductive period has a direct role in specifying the rate of aging of the soma likely applies to other species as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Zimmerman
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Izumi V. Hinkson
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Joshua E. Elias
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Stuart K. Kim
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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210
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A Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Strain Evades a Major Caenorhabditis elegans Defense Pathway. Infect Immun 2015; 84:524-36. [PMID: 26644380 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00711-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a ubiquitous bacterium and an emerging nosocomial pathogen. This bacterium is resistant to many antibiotics, associated with a number of infections, and a significant health risk, especially for immunocompromised patients. Given that Caenorhabditis elegans shares many conserved genetic pathways and pathway components with higher organisms, the study of its interaction with bacterial pathogens has biomedical implications. S. maltophilia has been isolated in association with nematodes from grassland soils, and it is likely that C. elegans encounters this bacterium in nature. We found that a local S. maltophilia isolate, JCMS, is more virulent than the other S. maltophilia isolates (R551-3 and K279a) tested. JCMS virulence correlates with intestinal distension and bacterial accumulation and requires the bacteria to be alive. Many of the conserved innate immune pathways that serve to protect C. elegans from various pathogenic bacteria also play a role in combating S. maltophilia JCMS. However, S. maltophilia JCMS is virulent to normally pathogen-resistant DAF-2/16 insulin-like signaling pathway mutants. Furthermore, several insulin-like signaling effector genes were not significantly differentially expressed between S. maltophilia JCMS and avirulent bacteria (Escherichia coli OP50). Taken together, these findings suggest that S. maltophilia JCMS evades the pathogen resistance conferred by the loss of DAF-2/16 pathway components. In summary, we have discovered a novel host-pathogen interaction between C. elegans and S. maltophilia and established a new animal model with which to study the mode of action of this emerging nosocomial pathogen.
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211
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Rangaraju S, Solis GM, Thompson RC, Gomez-Amaro RL, Kurian L, Encalada SE, Niculescu AB, Salomon DR, Petrascheck M. Suppression of transcriptional drift extends C. elegans lifespan by postponing the onset of mortality. eLife 2015; 4:e08833. [PMID: 26623667 PMCID: PMC4720515 DOI: 10.7554/elife.08833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Longevity mechanisms increase lifespan by counteracting the effects of aging. However, whether longevity mechanisms counteract the effects of aging continually throughout life, or whether they act during specific periods of life, preventing changes that precede mortality is unclear. Here, we uncover transcriptional drift, a phenomenon that describes how aging causes genes within functional groups to change expression in opposing directions. These changes cause a transcriptome-wide loss in mRNA stoichiometry and loss of co-expression patterns in aging animals, as compared to young adults. Using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model, we show that extending lifespan by inhibiting serotonergic signals by the antidepressant mianserin attenuates transcriptional drift, allowing the preservation of a younger transcriptome into an older age. Our data are consistent with a model in which inhibition of serotonergic signals slows age-dependent physiological decline and the associated rise in mortality levels exclusively in young adults, thereby postponing the onset of major mortality. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08833.001 All organisms age, leading to gradual declines in the body’s systems and eventually death. How certain genetic mutations and drugs delay the effects of aging and promote survival to an older age is a question many researchers are exploring. One way this problem is investigated is by looking at how the activity – or expression – of different genes changes during aging. Scientists interested in understanding aging and longevity often study a simple worm called Caenorhabditis elegans. This worm normally lives for about three weeks, and young C. elegans are able to produce offspring within days of hatching. This accelerated life cycle allows scientists to observe the entire lifespan of the worms. Over time, experiments have shown that DNA damage, changes in behavior and changes to gene expression are all markers of aging in the worms. Now, Rangaraju et al. describe how changes in gene expression patterns that begin early in the lives of C. elegans shorten their lifespan. Specifically, in groups of genes that work together, some genes increase expression, while others decrease expression with age. This phenomenon is called “transcriptional drift” and leads to an age-associated loss of coordination among groups of genes that help orchestrate specific tasks. Rangaraju et al. show that an antidepressant called mianserin prevents transcriptional drift in many of C. elegans’ genes: young worms treated with the drug resist the effects of aging on the transcriptome and maintain coordinated patterns of gene expression for longer. Maintaining coordinated patterns of gene expression postpones the onset of age-related bodily declines and extends the life of treated worms by extending the duration of young adulthood and postponing the onset of age-associated death. The drug also appears to protect against stress-induced changes in gene expression. This suggests that some of the age-related shifts in gene expression occur when cells fail to recover normal gene expression patterns after a stressful event. Questions that remain to be investigated in future studies are whether other longevity mechanisms also extend lifespan by preserving coordinated gene expression patterns, and whether other longevity mechanisms act by extending specific periods of life. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08833.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunitha Rangaraju
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States.,Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States.,Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Gregory M Solis
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States.,Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States.,Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Ryan C Thompson
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Rafael L Gomez-Amaro
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States.,Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States.,Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Leo Kurian
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sandra E Encalada
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States.,Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Alexander B Niculescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States
| | - Daniel R Salomon
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Michael Petrascheck
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States.,Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States.,Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
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212
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Rathor L, Akhoon BA, Pandey S, Srivastava S, Pandey R. Folic acid supplementation at lower doses increases oxidative stress resistance and longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 37:113. [PMID: 26546011 PMCID: PMC5005867 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9850-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Folic acid (FA) is an essential nutrient that the human body needs but cannot be synthesized on its own. Fortified foods and plant food sources such as green leafy vegetables, beans, fruits, and juices are good sources of FA to meet the daily requirements of the body. The aim was to evaluate the effect of dietary FA levels on the longevity of well-known experimental aging model Caenorhabditis elegans. Here, we show for first time that FA extends organism life span and causes a delay in aging. We observed that FA inhibits mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and insulin/insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling pathways to control both oxidative stress levels and life span. The expression levels of stress- and life span-relevant gerontogenes, viz. daf-16, skn-1, and sir. 2.1, and oxidative enzymes, such as glutathione S-transferase 4 (GST-4) and superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD-3), were also found to be highly enhanced to attenuate the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage and to delay the aging process. Our study promotes the use of FA to mitigate abiotic stresses and other aging-related ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxmi Rathor
- Microbial Technology and Nematology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Bashir Akhlaq Akhoon
- Microbial Technology and Nematology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Swapnil Pandey
- Microbial Technology and Nematology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Swati Srivastava
- Microbial Technology and Nematology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Rakesh Pandey
- Microbial Technology and Nematology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India.
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213
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C. elegans maximum velocity correlates with healthspan and is maintained in worms with an insulin receptor mutation. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8919. [PMID: 26586186 PMCID: PMC4656132 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing is marked by physical decline. Caenorhabditis elegans is a valuable model for identifying genetic regulatory mechanisms of ageing and longevity. Here we report a simple method to assess C. elegans' maximum physical ability based on the worms' maximum movement velocity. We show maximum velocity declines with age, correlates well with longevity, accurately reports movement ability and, if measured in mid-adulthood, is predictive of maximal lifespan. Contrary to recent findings, we observe that maximum velocity of worm with mutations in daf-2(e1370) insulin/IGF-1 signalling scales with lifespan. Because of increased odorant receptor expression, daf-2(e1370) mutants prefer food over exploration, causing previous on-food motility assays to underestimate movement ability and, thus, worm health. Finally, a disease-burden analysis of published data reveals that the daf-2(e1370) mutation improves quality of life, and therefore combines lifespan extension with various signs of an increased healthspan. Increases in lifespan do not necessarily translate into prolonged healthspan. Here, the authors devise a simple metric, maximum velocity, to study ageing in C. elegans and, using this metric, show that reduced insulin signalling improves physical healthspan as well as worm lifespan.
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214
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Castillo DM, Burger MK, Lively CM, Delph LF. Experimental evolution: Assortative mating and sexual selection, independent of local adaptation, lead to reproductive isolation in the nematodeCaenorhabditis remanei. Evolution 2015; 69:3141-55. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dean M. Castillo
- Department of Biology; Indiana University; 1001 East Third Street Bloomington Indiana 47405
| | - Melissa K. Burger
- Department of Biology; Indiana University; 1001 East Third Street Bloomington Indiana 47405
- Current Address: Department of Natural Resources Science; University of Rhode Island; Kingston Rhode Island 02881
| | - Curtis M. Lively
- Department of Biology; Indiana University; 1001 East Third Street Bloomington Indiana 47405
| | - Lynda F. Delph
- Department of Biology; Indiana University; 1001 East Third Street Bloomington Indiana 47405
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215
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Bitto A, Wang AM, Bennett CF, Kaeberlein M. Biochemical Genetic Pathways that Modulate Aging in Multiple Species. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2015; 5:5/11/a025114. [PMID: 26525455 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a025114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying biological aging have been extensively studied in the past 20 years with the avail of mainly four model organisms: the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster, and the domestic mouse Mus musculus. Extensive research in these four model organisms has identified a few conserved genetic pathways that affect longevity as well as metabolism and development. Here, we review how the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), sirtuins, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and mitochondrial stress-signaling pathways influence aging and life span in the aforementioned models and their possible implications for delaying aging in humans. We also draw some connections between these biochemical pathways and comment on what new developments aging research will likely bring in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bitto
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Adrienne M Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | | | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
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216
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Guo H, Cao M, Zou S, Ye B, Dong Y. Cranberry Extract Standardized for Proanthocyanidins Alleviates β-Amyloid Peptide Toxicity by Improving Proteostasis Through HSF-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2015; 71:1564-1573. [PMID: 26405062 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that nutraceuticals with prolongevity properties may delay the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We recently demonstrated that a proanthocyanidins-standardized cranberry extract has properties that prolong life span and promote innate immunity in Caenorhabditis elegans In this article, we report that supplementation of this cranberry extract delayed Aβ toxicity-triggered body paralysis in the C elegans AD model. Genetic analyses indicated that the cranberry-mediated Aβ toxicity alleviation required heat shock transcription factor (HSF)-1 rather than DAF-16 and SKN-1. Moreover, cranberry supplementation increased the transactivity of HSF-1 in an IIS-dependent manner. Further studies found that the cranberry extract relies on HSF-1 to significantly enhance the solubility of proteins in aged worms, implying an improved proteostasis in AD worms. Considering that HSF-1 plays a pivotal role in maintaining proteostasis, our results suggest that cranberry maintains the function of proteostasis through HSF-1, thereby protecting C elegans against Aβ toxicity. Together, our findings elucidated the mechanism whereby cranberry attenuated Aβ toxicity in C elegans and stressed the significance of proteostasis in the prevention of age-related diseases from a practical point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Guo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, South Carolina.,School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Cao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, South Carolina.,Institute for Engaged Aging, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
| | - Sige Zou
- Functional Genomics Unit, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Boping Ye
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqing Dong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, South Carolina. .,Institute for Engaged Aging, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
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217
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Seo M, Seo K, Hwang W, Koo HJ, Hahm JH, Yang JS, Han SK, Hwang D, Kim S, Jang SK, Lee Y, Nam HG, Lee SJV. RNA helicase HEL-1 promotes longevity by specifically activating DAF-16/FOXO transcription factor signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E4246-55. [PMID: 26195740 PMCID: PMC4534234 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1505451112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The homeostatic maintenance of the genomic DNA is crucial for regulating aging processes. However, the role of RNA homeostasis in aging processes remains unknown. RNA helicases are a large family of enzymes that regulate the biogenesis and homeostasis of RNA. However, the functional significance of RNA helicases in aging has not been explored. Here, we report that a large fraction of RNA helicases regulate the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans. In particular, we show that a DEAD-box RNA helicase, helicase 1 (HEL-1), promotes longevity by specifically activating the DAF-16/forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factor signaling pathway. We find that HEL-1 is required for the longevity conferred by reduced insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling (IIS) and is sufficient for extending lifespan. We further show that the expression of HEL-1 in the intestine and neurons contributes to longevity. HEL-1 enhances the induction of a large fraction of DAF-16 target genes. Thus, the RNA helicase HEL-1 appears to promote longevity in response to decreased IIS as a transcription coregulator of DAF-16. Because HEL-1 and IIS are evolutionarily well conserved, a similar mechanism for longevity regulation via an RNA helicase-dependent regulation of FOXO signaling may operate in mammals, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihwa Seo
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu 711-873, Korea; School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Keunhee Seo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Wooseon Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Hee Jung Koo
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu 711-873, Korea; School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Hahm
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu 711-873, Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Yang
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Seong Kyu Han
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Daehee Hwang
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu 711-873, Korea; Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 711-873, Korea
| | - Sanguk Kim
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea; Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea; Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 711-873, Korea
| | - Sung Key Jang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Yoontae Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Hong Gil Nam
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu 711-873, Korea; Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 711-873, Korea;
| | - Seung-Jae V Lee
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea; Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea; Information Technology Convergence Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
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218
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Yang J, Wan QL, Mu QZ, Wu CF, Ding AJ, Yang ZL, Qiu MH, Luo HR. The Lifespan-Promoting Effect of Otophylloside B in Caenorhabditis elegans. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2015; 5:177-183. [PMID: 26112394 PMCID: PMC4567989 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-015-0064-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Aging is the major risk factor for many human diseases and degeneration. Thus, clinically effective medicine could delay the process of aging and aging-related diseases are desperately wanted. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), some were claimed to slow down aging. Qingyangshen (Cynanchum otophyllum schneid) is such a TCM. Here, we assayed the longevity effect of compound Otophylloside B (Ot B), a C-21 steroidal glycoside isolated from Qingyangshen, in Caenorhabditis elegans, which is a popular model for aging research. Our results showed that Ot B could modestly extend the lifespan of C. elegans, delay the age-related decline of body movement and improve the stress resistance. Further investigating the molecular mechanism of lifespan extension effect revealed that Ot B could activate the FOXO transcription factor DAF-16. Ot B could not further extend the lifespan of long-lived mutant of insulin/IGF-1-like receptor (daf-2). In addition, Ot B also requires SIR-2.1 and CLK-1 which is an enzyme in ubiquinone synthesis, for lifespan extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- />State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 134 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
- />University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- />The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650101 China
| | - Qin-Li Wan
- />State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 134 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
- />University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Quan-Zhang Mu
- />State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 134 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
| | - Chun-Feng Wu
- />State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 134 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
| | - Ai-Jun Ding
- />State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 134 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
- />University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Zhong-Lin Yang
- />State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 134 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
- />University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Ming-Hua Qiu
- />State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 134 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
| | - Huai-Rong Luo
- />State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 134 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan China
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219
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Richter K. daf-41/p23: A Small Protein Heating Up Lifespan Regulation. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005188. [PMID: 26147370 PMCID: PMC4492944 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Richter
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich CIPS, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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220
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rBTI extends Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan by mimicking calorie restriction. Exp Gerontol 2015; 67:62-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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221
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Bisphenol A exposure accelerated the aging process in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Toxicol Lett 2015; 235:75-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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222
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Lieke T, Steinberg CEW, Ju J, Saul N. Natural Marine and Synthetic Xenobiotics Get on Nematode's Nerves: Neuro-Stimulating and Neurotoxic Findings in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:2785-812. [PMID: 25955755 PMCID: PMC4446606 DOI: 10.3390/md13052785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine algae release a plethora of organic halogenated compounds, many of them with unknown ecological impact if environmentally realistic concentrations are applied. One major compound is dibromoacetic acid (DBAA) which was tested for neurotoxicity in the invertebrate model organism Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). This natural compound was compared with the widespread synthetic xenobiotic tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBP-A) found in marine sediments and mussels. We found a neuro-stimulating effect for DBAA; this is contradictory to existing toxicological reports of mammals that applied comparatively high dosages. For TBBP-A, we found a hormetic concentration-effect relationship. As chemicals rarely occur isolated in the environment, a combination of both organobromines was also examined. Surprisingly, the presence of DBAA increased the toxicity of TBBP-A. Our results demonstrated that organohalogens have the potential to affect single organisms especially by altering the neurological processes, even with promoting effects on exposed organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thora Lieke
- Department of Biology, Freshwater and Stress Ecology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Späthstr. 80/81, 12437 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christian E W Steinberg
- Department of Biology, Freshwater and Stress Ecology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Späthstr. 80/81, 12437 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jingjuan Ju
- Department of Biology, Freshwater and Stress Ecology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Späthstr. 80/81, 12437 Berlin, Germany.
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Nadine Saul
- Department of Biology, Freshwater and Stress Ecology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Späthstr. 80/81, 12437 Berlin, Germany.
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223
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Measuring Food Intake and Nutrient Absorption in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2015; 200:443-54. [PMID: 25903497 PMCID: PMC4492371 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.115.175851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Caenorhabditiselegans has emerged as a powerful model to study the genetics of feeding, food-related behaviors, and metabolism. Despite the many advantages of C. elegans as a model organism, direct measurement of its bacterial food intake remains challenging. Here, we describe two complementary methods that measure the food intake of C. elegans. The first method is a microtiter plate-based bacterial clearing assay that measures food intake by quantifying the change in the optical density of bacteria over time. The second method, termed pulse feeding, measures the absorption of food by tracking de novo protein synthesis using a novel metabolic pulse-labeling strategy. Using the bacterial clearance assay, we compare the bacterial food intake of various C. elegans strains and show that long-lived eat mutants eat substantially more than previous estimates. To demonstrate the applicability of the pulse-feeding assay, we compare the assimilation of food for two C. elegans strains in response to serotonin. We show that serotonin-increased feeding leads to increased protein synthesis in a SER-7-dependent manner, including proteins known to promote aging. Protein content in the food has recently emerged as critical factor in determining how food composition affects aging and health. The pulse-feeding assay, by measuring de novo protein synthesis, represents an ideal method to unequivocally establish how the composition of food dictates protein synthesis. In combination, these two assays provide new and powerful tools for C. elegans research to investigate feeding and how food intake affects the proteome and thus the physiology and health of an organism.
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224
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Extension of the established period of diacetyl adaptation by oxygen intermediates in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2015; 184:156-62. [PMID: 25759262 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
After pre-exposure to the odorant diacetyl, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans showed a decline in chemotactic responses to diacetyl, a phenomenon known as diacetyl adaptation. In the present study, we found that the established period of diacetyl adaptation in nematodes increased with the breeding temperature. When wild-type (N2) nematodes were bred at 15°C, adaptation was observed from the young adult (YA) to the 3-day-old adult that is reached 3 days after the YA stage. On breeding nematodes at 20°C and 25°C, adaptation was observed between the YA and 5-day-old adult and between the YA and the 7-day-old adult, respectively. Breeding temperature has been shown to correlate with the rate of aging in nematodes, which is related to the level of oxygen consumption. Accordingly, long-lived isp-1 and clk-1 mutants that demonstrate decreased levels of oxygen consumption showed a shorter established period of adaptation than N2 nematodes, whereas short-lived gas-1 and mev-1 mutants that have a hypersensitive response to oxygen showed a longer period of adaptation than the N2. Moreover, the established period of diacetyl adaptation in N2 nematodes was shortened by the antioxidant α-lipoic acid. These results suggest that oxygen intermediates, which are produced by oxygen consumption, play a significant role in diacetyl adaptation. Although this is only one of many factors that regulate diacetyl adaptation, such as the release of neurotransmitters and changes in intracellular conditions, the acquisition of this adaptation requires an increase in the intensity of moderate oxygen signals.
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225
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A microfluidic device for efficient chemical testing using Caenorhabditis elegans. Biomed Microdevices 2015; 17:38. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-015-9939-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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226
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Catalpol Modulates Lifespan via DAF-16/FOXO and SKN-1/Nrf2 Activation in Caenorhabditis elegans. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:524878. [PMID: 25821490 PMCID: PMC4363898 DOI: 10.1155/2015/524878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Catalpol is an effective component of rehmannia root and known to possess various pharmacological properties. The present study was aimed at investigating the potential effects of catalpol on the lifespan and stress tolerance using C. elegans model system. Herein, catalpol showed potent lifespan extension of wild-type nematode under normal culture condition. In addition, survival rate of catalpol-fed nematodes was significantly elevated compared to untreated control under heat and oxidative stress but not under hyperosmolality conditions. We also found that elevated antioxidant enzyme activities and expressions of stress resistance proteins were attributed to catalpol-mediated increased stress tolerance of nematode. We further investigated whether catalpol's longevity effect is related to aging-related factors including reproduction, food intake, and growth. Interestingly, catalpol exposure could attenuate pharyngeal pumping rate, indicating that catalpol may induce dietary restriction of nematode. Moreover, locomotory ability of aged nematode was significantly improved by catalpol treatment, while lipofuscin levels were attenuated, suggesting that catalpol may affect age-associated changes of nematode. Our mechanistic studies revealed that mek-1, daf-2, age-1, daf-16, and skn-1 are involved in catalpol-mediated longevity. These results indicate that catalpol extends lifespan and increases stress tolerance of C. elegans via DAF-16/FOXO and SKN-1/Nrf activation dependent on insulin/IGF signaling and JNK signaling.
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227
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Lin J, Qu H, Chen G, He L, Xu Y, Xie Z, Ren M, Sun J, Li S, Chen W, Chen X, Wang X, Li X, Liang C, Huang Y, Yu X. Clonorchis sinensis acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase: identification and characterization of its potential role in surviving in the bile duct. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:125. [PMID: 25880842 PMCID: PMC4359446 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0728-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) inhabits in bile duct of the host. However, the mechanisms involved in why C. sinensis can survive in the bile environment containing lipids have not yet been explored. In this study, C. sinensis acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (CsACAT), a member of the thiolase family which has a key role in the beta oxidation pathway of fatty acid production, was identified and characterized to understand its potential role in adapting to the bile environment. METHODS The encoding sequence, conserved domains and spatial structure of CsACAT were identified and analyzed by bioinformatic tools. Recombinant CsACAT (rCsACAT) was obtained using a procaryotic expression system. The expression pattern of CsACAT was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence. Gradients of lecithin were then set to culture C. sinensis adults in vitro and the survival rate of C. sinensis was analyzed, as well as the expression level and enzymatic activity of CsACAT in different lipid environments. Hypercholesteremia rabbit models were established by feeding with a hyperlipidemic diet and then infected intragastrically with C. sinensis. One and a half months later, the worm burdens and the expression level of CsACAT was detected. RESULTS CsACAT was confirmed to be a member of the thiolase family and present in the excretory/secretory proteins of C. sinensis. CsACAT was specifically localized at the vitellarium and sub-tegumental muscle layer in adult worms. The mRNA level of CsACAT in eggs was higher than those in adult worms and metacercariae. When adult worms were cultured with higher concentration of lecithin, the expression level and enzyme activity of CsACAT were up-regulated. The survival rate of adult worms was higher than control group. More adult worms were recovered from hypercholesteremia rabbit models. The expression level of CsACAT in these worms was higher than control group. CONCLUSIONS Our results implied that C. sinensis might sense lipid levels and survive better in the bile environment with higher lipid levels. C. sinensis might modulate the expression and enzymatic activity of CsACAT, an enzyme involved in fatty acid metabolism, for energy or physical requirements to adapt to the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsi Lin
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongling Qu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guishan Chen
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei He
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanquan Xu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhizhi Xie
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mengyu Ren
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiufeng Sun
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenjun Chen
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xueqing Chen
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuerong Li
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chi Liang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinbing Yu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
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228
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Li S, Stone HA, Murphy CT. A microfluidic device and automatic counting system for the study of C. elegans reproductive aging. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:524-31. [PMID: 25407755 PMCID: PMC4277648 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc01028k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is an excellent model to study reproductive aging because of its short life span, its cessation of reproduction in mid-adulthood, and the strong conservation of pathways that regulate longevity. During its lifetime, a wild-type C. elegans hermaphrodite usually lays about 200-300 self-fertilized hatchable eggs, which mainly occurs in the first three to five days of adulthood. Here, we report the development of a microfluidic assay and a real-time, automatic progeny counting system that records progeny counting information from many individual C. elegans hermaphrodites. This system offers many advantages compared to conventional plate assays. The flow of non-proliferating bacteria not only feeds the worms but also flushes the just-hatched young progeny through a filter that separates mothers from their offspring. The progeny that are flushed out of the chamber are detected and recorded using a novel algorithm. In our current design, one device contains as many as 16 individual chambers. Here we show examples of real-time progeny production information from wild-type (N2) and daf-2 (insulin receptor) mutants. We believe that this system has the potential to become a powerful, high time-resolution tool to study the detailed reproduction of C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siran Li
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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229
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Extracellular dopamine and alterations on dopamine transporter are related to reserpine toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Arch Toxicol 2015; 90:633-45. [PMID: 25579234 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1451-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Reserpine is used as an animal model of parkinsonism. We hypothesized that the involuntary movements induced by reserpine in rodents are induced by dopaminergic toxicity caused by extracellular dopamine accumulation. The present study tested the effects of reserpine on the dopaminergic system in Caenorhabditis elegans. Reserpine was toxic to worms (decreased the survival, food intake, development and changed egg laying and defecation cycles). In addition, reserpine increased the worms' locomotor rate on food and decreased dopamine levels. Morphological evaluations of dopaminergic CEP neurons confirmed neurodegeneration characterized by decreased fluorescence intensity and the number of worms with intact CEP neurons, and increased number of shrunken somas per worm. These effects were unrelated to reserpine's effect on decreased expression of the dopamine transporter, dat-1. Interestingly, the locomotor rate on food and the neurodegenerative parameters fully recovered to basal conditions upon reserpine withdrawal. Furthermore, reserpine decreased survival in vesicular monoamine transporter and dat-1 loss-of-function mutant worms. In addition, worms pre-exposed to dopamine followed by exposure to reserpine had decreased survival. Reserpine activated gst-4, which controls a phase II detoxification enzymes downstream of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived-2)-like 2. Our findings establish that the dopamine transporter, dat-1, plays an important role in reserpine toxicity, likely by increasing extracellular dopamine concentrations.
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230
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Uncoupling lifespan and healthspan in Caenorhabditis elegans longevity mutants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E277-86. [PMID: 25561524 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1412192112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging research has been very successful at identifying signaling pathways and evolutionarily conserved genes that extend lifespan with the assumption that an increase in lifespan will also increase healthspan. However, it is largely unknown whether we are extending the healthy time of life or simply prolonging a period of frailty with increased incidence of age-associated diseases. Here we use Caenorhabditis elegans, one of the premiere systems for lifespan studies, to determine whether lifespan and healthspan are intrinsically correlated. We conducted multiple cellular and organismal assays on wild type as well as four long-lived mutants (insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1, dietary restriction, protein translation, mitochondrial signaling) in a longitudinal manner to determine the health of the animals as they age. We find that some long-lived mutants performed better than wild type when measured chronologically (number of days). However, all long-lived mutants increased the proportion of time spent in a frail state. Together, these data suggest that lifespan can no longer be the sole parameter of interest and reveal the importance of evaluating multiple healthspan parameters for future studies on antiaging interventions.
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231
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Ewald CY, Landis JN, Porter Abate J, Murphy CT, Blackwell TK. Dauer-independent insulin/IGF-1-signalling implicates collagen remodelling in longevity. Nature 2014; 519:97-101. [PMID: 25517099 PMCID: PMC4352135 DOI: 10.1038/nature14021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Interventions that delay ageing mobilize mechanisms that protect and repair cellular components, but it is unknown how these interventions might slow the functional decline of extracellular matrices, which are also damaged during ageing. Reduced insulin/IGF-1 signalling (rIIS) extends lifespan across the evolutionary spectrum, and in juvenile Caenorhabditis elegans also allows the transcription factor DAF-16/FOXO to induce development into dauer, a diapause that withstands harsh conditions. It has been suggested that rIIS delays C. elegans ageing through activation of dauer-related processes during adulthood, but some rIIS conditions confer robust lifespan extension unaccompanied by any dauer-like traits. Here we show that rIIS can promote C. elegans longevity through a program that is genetically distinct from the dauer pathway, and requires the Nrf (NF-E2-related factor) orthologue SKN-1 acting in parallel to DAF-16. SKN-1 is inhibited by IIS and has been broadly implicated in longevity, but is rendered dispensable for rIIS lifespan extension by even mild activity of dauer-related processes. When IIS is decreased under conditions that do not induce dauer traits, SKN-1 most prominently increases expression of collagens and other extracellular matrix genes. Diverse genetic, nutritional, and pharmacological pro-longevity interventions delay an age-related decline in collagen expression. These collagens mediate adulthood extracellular matrix remodelling, and are needed for ageing to be delayed by interventions that do not involve dauer traits. By genetically delineating a dauer-independent rIIS ageing pathway, our results show that IIS controls a broad set of protective mechanisms during C. elegans adulthood, and may facilitate elucidation of processes of general importance for longevity. The importance of collagen production in diverse anti-ageing interventions implies that extracellular matrix remodelling is a generally essential signature of longevity assurance, and that agents promoting extracellular matrix youthfulness may have systemic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin Y Ewald
- 1] Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA [2] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA [3] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Jess N Landis
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, 148 Carl Icahn Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Jess Porter Abate
- 1] Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA [2] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA [3] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Coleen T Murphy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, 148 Carl Icahn Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - T Keith Blackwell
- 1] Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA [2] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA [3] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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232
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Cong W, Wang P, Qu Y, Tang J, Bai R, Zhao Y, Chunying Chen, Bi X. Evaluation of the influence of fullerenol on aging and stress resistance using Caenorhabditis elegans. Biomaterials 2014; 42:78-86. [PMID: 25542795 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Fullerene derivatives have attracted extensive attention in biomedical fields and polyhydroxyl fullerene (fullerenol), a water-soluble fullerene derivative, is demonstrated as a powerful antioxidant. To further assess their anti-aging and anti-stress potential, we employed Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) as a model organism to evaluate the effects of fullerenol on the growth, development, behavior and anti-stress ability in vivo. The data show that fullerenol has no obviously toxic effect on nematodes and can delay C. elegans aging progress under normal condition. Further studies demonstrate that fullerenol attenuates endogenous levels of reactive oxygen species and provides protection to C. elegans under stress conditions by up-regulating stress-related genes in a DAF-16 depend manner and improving lifespan. In summary, our data suggest that fullerenol might be a safe and reasonable anti-aging candidate with great potential in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshu Cong
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Peng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ying Qu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jinglong Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ru Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Xiaolin Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
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233
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Wang N, Liu J, Xie F, Gao X, Ye JH, Sun LY, Wei R, Ai J. miR-124/ATF-6, A Novel Lifespan Extension Pathway ofAstragalusPolysaccharide inCaenorhabditis Elegans. J Cell Biochem 2014; 116:242-51. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Department of Pharmacology; Harbin Medical University; Harbin 150081 China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology; Harbin Medical University; Harbin 150081 China
| | - Fang Xie
- Department of Pharmacology; Harbin Medical University; Harbin 150081 China
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University); Ministry of Education; Harbin 150081 China
| | - Xu Gao
- Department of Biochemistry; Harbin Medical University; Harbin 150081 China
| | - Jian-Han Ye
- Department of Pharmacology; Harbin Medical University; Harbin 150081 China
| | - Lu-Yao Sun
- Department of Pharmacology; Harbin Medical University; Harbin 150081 China
| | - Ran Wei
- Department of Pharmacology; Harbin Medical University; Harbin 150081 China
| | - Jing Ai
- Department of Pharmacology; Harbin Medical University; Harbin 150081 China
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234
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Bond MR, Ghosh SK, Wang P, Hanover JA. Conserved nutrient sensor O-GlcNAc transferase is integral to C. elegans pathogen-specific immunity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113231. [PMID: 25474640 PMCID: PMC4256294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Discriminating pathogenic bacteria from bacteria used as a food source is key to Caenorhabidits elegans immunity. Using mutants defective in the enzymes of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) cycling, we examined the role of this nutrient-sensing pathway in the C. elegans innate immune response. Genetic analysis showed that deletion of O-GlcNAc transferase (ogt-1) yielded animals hypersensitive to the human pathogen S. aureus but not to P. aeruginosa. Genetic interaction studies revealed that nutrient-responsive OGT-1 acts through the conserved β-catenin (BAR-1) pathway and in concert with p38 MAPK (PMK-1) to modulate the immune response to S. aureus. Moreover, whole genome transcriptional profiling revealed that O-GlcNAc cycling mutants exhibited deregulation of unique stress- and immune-responsive genes. The participation of nutrient sensor OGT-1 in an immunity module evolutionarily conserved from C. elegans to humans reveals an unexplored nexus between nutrient availability and a pathogen-specific immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R. Bond
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Salil K. Ghosh
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Pathology, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - John A. Hanover
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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235
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Lares-Asse I, Santiago-P P, Chairez-He I, Perez-Guil G, Juarez-Olg H. Effect of Growth and Development on Pharmacokinetics of Antipyrine in Swine. INT J PHARMACOL 2014. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2014.519.523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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236
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Zhang W, Cai L, Geng HJ, Su CF, Yan L, Wang JH, Gao Q, Luo HM. Methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate extends the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans, partly via W06A7.4 gene. Exp Gerontol 2014; 60:108-16. [PMID: 25456844 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To identify and analyze the compounds that delay aging and extend the lifespan is an important aspect of the gerontology research. A number of compounds, including the ones with the antioxidant properties, have been shown to extend the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans. Here, we report that methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (MDHB), a small antioxidant molecule, prolongs the C. elegans' lifespan under normal as well as stress conditions, delays the age-associated decline in the pharyngeal pumping rate, and obviously enhances the abilities of scavenging intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). To further investigate the mechanism underlying the anti-aging action of MDHB, microarray analyses were performed, which demonstrated that 13 genes were differentially expressed in worms treated with MDHB for 48 and 144 h in common. RNA interference of W06A7.4 (NM_001269697.1), the most significantly up-regulated gene, shortened the lifespan of worms by 14%, compared with the L4440 control. Our findings demonstrate that W06A7.4 is a potentially positive determinant of the MDHB induced C. elegans' lifespan extension effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathogen Biology and Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China; Discipline of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Ju Geng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao-Fen Su
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan-Min Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Brain Sciences, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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237
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Sonani RR, Singh NK, Kumar J, Thakar D, Madamwar D. Concurrent purification and antioxidant activity of phycobiliproteins from Lyngbya sp. A09DM: An antioxidant and anti-aging potential of phycoerythrin in Caenorhabditis elegans. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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238
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Wen H, Gao X, Qin J. Probing the anti-aging role of polydatin in Caenorhabditis elegans on a chip. Integr Biol (Camb) 2014; 6:35-43. [PMID: 24305800 DOI: 10.1039/c3ib40191j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
C. elegans is widely used as a model organism in the study of aging and evaluation of anti-aging drugs due to its unique characteristics. In this work, we set out to investigate polydatin, a natural resveratrol glycoside, and its role in extending lifespan, improving oxidative stress resistance, and the possible regulation mechanism involved in the Insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) pathway for the first time by using a flexible microfluidic device. The effects of polydatin on the lifespan, oxidative stress resistance, mobility and the expression of aging-related proteins and genes were explored. Polydatin was found to significantly extend the mean lifespan of worms by up to 30.7% and 62.1% under normal and acute stress conditions respectively. It improved the expression of the inducible oxidative stress protein (GST-4) and corresponding stroke frequencies in the transgenic CL2166 strain. Moreover, it also increased SOD-3::GFP expression in CF1553 worms and promoted DAF-16 nucleus translocation in TJ356 worms. The longevity-extending role of polydatin is partly attributed to its anti-oxidative activity and increased oxidative stress resistance by regulating the stress-resistance related proteins SOD-3, and daf-16 expression at protein and mRNA levels involved in the IIS pathway. The established microfluidic platform is capable of flexible operation with multiple functions, which not only supports the individual worm's long-term culture with sufficient nutrient exchange, but also facilitates mobility monitoring of the worm, immobilizing and imaging in a controllable and parallel manner. These interesting findings reported here highlight the significance of the natural compound polydatin in the study of aging-related diseases, and the utility of the microfluidic platform for applications in aging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wen
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China.
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239
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Chew YL, Fan X, Götz J, Nicholas HR. Regulation of age-related structural integrity in neurons by protein with tau-like repeats (PTL-1) is cell autonomous. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5185. [PMID: 24898126 PMCID: PMC4046136 DOI: 10.1038/srep05185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PTL-1 is the sole homolog of the MAP2/MAP4/tau family in Caenorhabditis elegans. Accumulation of tau is a pathological hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, reducing tau levels has been suggested as a therapeutic strategy. We previously showed that PTL-1 maintains age-related structural integrity in neurons, implying that excessive reduction in the levels of a tau-like protein is detrimental. Here, we demonstrate that the regulation of neuronal ageing by PTL-1 occurs via a cell-autonomous mechanism. We re-expressed PTL-1 in a null mutant background using a pan-neuronal promoter to show that PTL-1 functions in neurons to maintain structural integrity. We next expressed PTL-1 only in touch neurons and showed rescue of the neuronal ageing phenotype of ptl-1 mutant animals in these neurons but not in another neuronal subset, the ventral nerve cord GABAergic neurons. Knockdown of PTL-1 in touch neurons also resulted in premature neuronal ageing in these neurons but not in GABAergic neurons. Additionally, expression of PTL-1 in touch neurons alone was unable to rescue the shortened lifespan observed in ptl-1 mutants, but pan-neuronal re-expression restored wild-type longevity, indicating that, at least for a specific group of mechanosensory neurons, premature neuronal ageing and organismal ageing can be decoupled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Lian Chew
- 1] School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Australia [2]
| | - Xiaochen Fan
- 1] School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Australia [2]
| | - Jürgen Götz
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research (CJCADR) at the Queensland Brain Institute (QBI), University of Queensland, Australia
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240
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Trojanowski NF, Padovan-Merhar O, Raizen DM, Fang-Yen C. Neural and genetic degeneracy underlies Caenorhabditis elegans feeding behavior. J Neurophysiol 2014; 112:951-61. [PMID: 24872529 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00150.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Degenerate networks, in which structurally distinct elements can perform the same function or yield the same output, are ubiquitous in biology. Degeneracy contributes to the robustness and adaptability of networks in varied environmental and evolutionary contexts. However, how degenerate neural networks regulate behavior in vivo is poorly understood, especially at the genetic level. Here, we identify degenerate neural and genetic mechanisms that underlie excitation of the pharynx (feeding organ) in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans using cell-specific optogenetic excitation and inhibition. We show that the pharyngeal neurons MC, M2, M4, and I1 form multiple direct and indirect excitatory pathways in a robust network for control of pharyngeal pumping. I1 excites pumping via MC and M2 in a state-dependent manner. We identify nicotinic and muscarinic receptors through which the pharyngeal network regulates feeding rate. These results identify two different mechanisms by which degeneracy is manifest in a neural circuit in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas F Trojanowski
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Olivia Padovan-Merhar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David M Raizen
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;
| | - Christopher Fang-Yen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Department of Physics, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, South Korea
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241
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Longevity manipulations differentially affect serotonin/dopamine level and behavioral deterioration in aging Caenorhabditis elegans. J Neurosci 2014; 34:3947-58. [PMID: 24623772 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4013-13.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied with behavioral and cognitive decline. Changes in the neurotransmitter level are associated with the age-related behavioral deterioration, but whether well-known longevity manipulations affect the function of neurotransmitter system in aging animals is largely unclear. Here we report that serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) level decrease with age in C. elegans. The reduction results in downregulation of the activity of neurons controlled by 5-HT/DA signaling, and deterioration of some important behaviors, including pharyngeal pumping, food-induced slowing responses, and male mating. Longevity manipulations differentially affect the age-related decline in neuronal level of 5-HT/DA. The reduction and resultant behavioral deterioration occur in long-lived worms with defective insulin signaling [daf-2(e1370), age-1(hx546)] or mitochondria function [isp-1(qm150), tpk-1(qm162)], but not in long-lived worms with dietary restriction eat-2(ad1116). A reduced expression level of dopa decarboxylase BAS-1, the shared enzyme for 5-HT/DA synthesis, is responsible for the decline in 5-HT/DA levels. RNAi assay revealed that the sustained 5-HT/DA level in neurons of aged eat-2(ad1116) worms requires PHA-4 and its effectors superoxide dismutases and catalases, suggesting the involvement of reactive oxygen species in the 5-HT/DA decline. Furthermore, we found that elevating 5-HT/DA ameliorates age-related deterioration of pharyngeal pumping, food-induced slowing responses, and male mating in both wild-type and daf-2(e1370) worms. Together, dietary restriction preserves healthy behaviors in aged worms at least partially by sustaining a high 5-HT/DA level, and elevating the 5-HT/DA level in wild-type and daf-2(e1370) worms improves their behaviors during aging.
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242
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Bose J, Schulte RD. Testing GxG interactions between coinfecting microbial parasite genotypes within hosts. Front Genet 2014; 5:124. [PMID: 24860594 PMCID: PMC4030146 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Host-parasite interactions represent one of the strongest selection pressures in nature. They are often governed by genotype-specific (GxG) interactions resulting in host genotypes that differ in resistance and parasite genotypes that differ in virulence depending on the antagonist's genotype. Another type of GxG interactions, which is often neglected but which certainly influences host-parasite interactions, are those between coinfecting parasite genotypes. Mechanistically, within-host parasite interactions may range from competition for limited host resources to cooperation for more efficient host exploitation. The exact type of interaction, i.e., whether competitive or cooperative, is known to affect life-history traits such as virulence. However, the latter has been shown for chosen genotype combinations only, not considering whether the specific genotype combination per se may influence the interaction (i.e., GxG interactions). Here, we want to test for the presence of GxG interactions between coinfections of the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis infecting the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans by combining two non-pathogenic and five pathogenic strains in all possible ways. Furthermore, we evaluate whether the type of interaction, reflected by the direction of virulence change of multiple compared to single infections, is genotype-specific. Generally, we found no indication for GxG interactions between non-pathogenic and pathogenic bacterial strains, indicating that virulence of pathogenic strains is equally affected by both non-pathogenic strains. Specific genotype combinations, however, differ in the strength of virulence change, indicating that the interaction type between coinfecting parasite strains and thus the virulence mechanism is specific for different genotype combinations. Such interactions are expected to influence host-parasite interactions and to have strong implications for coevolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca D. Schulte
- Department of Behavioral Biology, University of OsnabrueckOsnabrueck, Germany
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243
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Keith SA, Amrit FRG, Ratnappan R, Ghazi A. The C. elegans healthspan and stress-resistance assay toolkit. Methods 2014; 68:476-86. [PMID: 24727065 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A wealth of knowledge on the genetic mechanisms that govern aging has emerged from the study of mutants that exhibit enhanced longevity and exceptional resilience to adverse environmental conditions. In these studies, lifespan has been an excellent proxy for establishing the rate of aging, but it is not always correlated with qualitative measures of healthy aging or 'healthspan'. Although the attributes of healthspan have been challenging to define, they share some universal features that are increasingly being incorporated into aging studies. Here we describe methods used to determine Caenorhabditis elegans healthspan. These include assessments of tissue integrity and functionality and resistance to a variety of biotic and abiotic stressors. We have chosen to include simple, rapid assays in this collection that can be easily undertaken in any C. elegans laboratory, and can be relied on to provide a preliminary but thorough insight into the healthspan of a population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Alexander Keith
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 7129 Rangos Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States
| | - Francis Raj Gandhi Amrit
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 7129 Rangos Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States
| | - Ramesh Ratnappan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 7129 Rangos Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States
| | - Arjumand Ghazi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 7129 Rangos Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States.
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244
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Zimmerman SM, Kim SK. The GATA transcription factor/MTA-1 homolog egr-1 promotes longevity and stress resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans. Aging Cell 2014; 13:329-39. [PMID: 24304470 PMCID: PMC4331783 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with a large number of both phenotypic and molecular changes, but for most of these, it is not known whether these changes are detrimental, neutral, or protective. We have identified a conserved Caenorhabditis elegans GATA transcription factor/MTA-1 homolog egr-1 (lin-40) that extends lifespan and promotes resistance to heat and UV stress when overexpressed. Expression of egr-1 increases with age, suggesting that it may promote survival during normal aging. This increase in expression is dependent on the presence of the germline, raising the possibility that egr-1 expression is regulated by signals from the germline. In addition, loss of egr-1 suppresses the long lifespan of insulin receptor daf-2 mutants. The DAF-16 FOXO transcription factor is required for the increased stress resistance of egr-1 overexpression mutants, and egr-1 is necessary for the proper regulation of sod-3 (a reporter for DAF-16 activity). These results indicate that egr-1 acts within the insulin signaling pathway. egr-1 can also activate the expression of its paralog egl-27, another factor known to extend lifespan and increase stress resistance, suggesting that the two genes act in a common program to promote survival. These results identify egr-1 as part of a longevity-promoting circuit that changes with age in a manner that is beneficial for the lifespan of the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stuart K. Kim
- Department of Genetics Stanford University Medical Center Stanford CA 94305USA
- Department of Developmental Biology Stanford University Medical Center Stanford CA 94305USA
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245
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Kopito RB, Levine E. Durable spatiotemporal surveillance of Caenorhabditis elegans response to environmental cues. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:764-770. [PMID: 24336777 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc51061a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Animal response to changes in environmental cues is a complex dynamical process that occurs at diverse molecular and cellular levels. To gain a quantitative understanding of such processes, it is desirable to observe many individuals, subjected to repeatable and well defined environmental cues over long time periods. Here we present WormSpa, a microfluidic system where worms are individually confined in optimized chambers. We show that worms in WormSpa are neither stressed nor starved, and in particular exhibit pumping and egg-laying behaviors equivalent to those of freely behaving worms. We demonstrate the applicability of WormSpa for studying stress response and physiological processes. WormSpa is simple to make and easy to operate, and its design is modular, making it straightforward to incorporate available microfluidic technologies. We expect that WormSpa would open novel avenues of research, hitherto impossible or impractical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronen B Kopito
- Department of Physics and FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, 52 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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246
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Shen EZ, Song CQ, Lin Y, Zhang WH, Su PF, Liu WY, Zhang P, Xu J, Lin N, Zhan C, Wang X, Shyr Y, Cheng H, Dong MQ. Mitoflash frequency in early adulthood predicts lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature 2014; 508:128-32. [DOI: 10.1038/nature13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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247
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Labbadia J, Morimoto RI. Proteostasis and longevity: when does aging really begin? F1000PRIME REPORTS 2014; 6:7. [PMID: 24592319 PMCID: PMC3914504 DOI: 10.12703/p6-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a complex process regulated by multiple cellular pathways, including the proteostasis network. The proteostasis network consists of molecular chaperones, stress-response transcription factors, and protein degradation machines that sense and respond to proteotoxic stress and protein misfolding to ensure cell viability. A loss of proteostasis is associated with aging and age-related disorders in diverse model systems, moreover, genetic or pharmacological enhancement of the proteostasis network has been shown to extend lifespan and suppress age-related disease. However, our understanding of the relationship between aging, proteostasis, and the proteostasis network remains unclear. Here, we propose, from studies in Caenorhabditis elegans, that proteostasis collapse is not gradual but rather a sudden and early life event that triggers proteome mismanagement, thereby affecting a multitude of downstream processes. Furthermore, we propose that this phenomenon is not stochastic but is instead a programmed re-modeling of the proteostasis network that may be conserved in other species. As such, we postulate that changes in the proteostasis network may be one of the earliest events dictating healthy aging in metazoans.
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248
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Sonani RR, Singh NK, Awasthi A, Prasad B, Kumar J, Madamwar D. Phycoerythrin extends life span and health span of Caenorhabditis elegans. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:9717. [PMID: 25304463 PMCID: PMC4199339 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-014-9717-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we tested the antioxidant activity of phycoerythrin (PE, an oligomeric light harvesting protein isolated from Lyngbya sp. A09DM) to curtail aging effects in Caenorhabditis elegans. Purified PE (100 μg/ml) dietary supplement was given to C. elegans and investigated for its anti-aging potential. PE treatment improved the mean life span of wild type (N2)-animals from 15 ± 0.1 to 19.9 ± 0.3 days. PE treatment also moderated the decline in aging-associated physiological functions like pharyngeal pumping and locomotion with increasing age of N2 worms. Moreover, PE treatment also enhanced the stress tolerance in 5-day-aged adults with increase in mean survival rate from 22.2 ± 2.5 to 41.6 ± 2.5% under thermo stress and from 30.1 ± 3.2 to 63.1 ± 6.4% under oxidative (hydrogen peroxide)-stress. PE treatment was also noted to moderate the heat-induced expression of human amyloid-beta(Aβ1-42) peptide and associated paralysis in the muscle tissues of transgenic C. elegans CL4176 (Alzheimer's disease model). Effectiveness of PE in expanding the life span of mutant C. elegans, knockout for some up (daf-2 and age-1)- and down (daf-16)-stream regulators of insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS), shows the independency of PE effect from DAF-2-AGE-1-DAF-16 signaling pathway. Moreover, the inability of PE in expanding the life span of hsf-1 knockout C. elegans(sy441) suggests the dependency of PE effect on heat shock transcription factor (HSF-1) controlling stress-induced gene expression. In conclusion, our results demonstrated a novel anti-aging activity of PE which conferred increased resistance to cellular stress resulting in improved life span and health span of C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Raghav Sonani
- />BRD School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Vadtal Road, Satellite Campus, Post Box No- 39, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat 388 120 India
| | - Niraj Kumar Singh
- />Department of Biotechnology, Shri A. N. Patel PG Institute, Anand, Gujarat 388 001 India
| | - Anjali Awasthi
- />Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan 333 031 India
| | - Birendra Prasad
- />Department of Botany/Biotechnology, Patna University, Patna, Bihar 800005 India
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- />Department of Botany/Biotechnology, Patna University, Patna, Bihar 800005 India
- />The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945 USA
| | - Datta Madamwar
- />BRD School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Vadtal Road, Satellite Campus, Post Box No- 39, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat 388 120 India
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249
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Laughton AM, Fan MH, Gerardo NM. The combined effects of bacterial symbionts and aging on life history traits in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:470-7. [PMID: 24185857 PMCID: PMC3911086 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02657-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While many endosymbionts have beneficial effects on hosts under specific ecological conditions, there can also be associated costs. In order to maximize their own fitness, hosts must facilitate symbiont persistence while preventing symbiont exploitation of resources, which may require tight regulation of symbiont populations. As a host ages, the ability to invest in such mechanisms may lessen or be traded off with demands of other life history traits, such as survival and reproduction. Using the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, we measured survival, lifetime fecundity, and immune cell counts (hemocytes, a measure of immune capacity) in the presence of facultative secondary symbionts. Additionally, we quantified the densities of the obligate primary bacterial symbiont, Buchnera aphidicola, and secondary symbionts across the host's lifetime. We found life history costs to harboring some secondary symbiont species. Secondary symbiont populations were found to increase with host age, while Buchnera populations exhibited a more complicated pattern. Immune cell counts peaked at the midreproductive stage before declining in the oldest aphids. The combined effects of immunosenescence and symbiont population growth may have important consequences for symbiont transmission and maintenance within a host population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice M. Laughton
- Biology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maretta H. Fan
- Biology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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250
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Zheng S, Liao S, Zou Y, Qu Z, Shen W, Shi Y. Mulberry leaf polyphenols delay aging and regulate fat metabolism via the germline signaling pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:9719. [PMID: 25323576 PMCID: PMC4199944 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-014-9719-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Mulberry leaves are an important ingredient in some traditional Chinese medicinal formulas and has been developed for use in functional food products. The antioxidant activity of mulberry leaf extract has been reported to have beneficial effects on diseases in vitro; however, it is not clear which components in mulberry leaf extracts have these functions. Furthermore, the mechanisms of action of these ingredients have not been extensively investigated. In this study, we extracted total mulberry leaf polyphenols (MLP) and identified its 13 phenolic monomers. Our results, using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model, indicated that MLPs delayed aging, improved oxidative stress resistance, and reduced fatty acid storage in vivo. Subsequent genetic screens and gene expression analyses demonstrated that the functions of MLP mainly depended on the germline signaling pathway, thus influencing the activities of downstream transcription factors (DAF-12, DAF-16, PHA-4, and NHR-80) as well as the expression levels of their target genes (fat-6, lipl-4, sod-3, unc-51, and fard-1). Our study determined that diverse modes of action on longevity were promoted by MLP exposure. These observations provide the first insight into MLP's multifaceted functions on aging, fat accumulation, and reproduction in vivo and indicate a specific model for the mechanism of action of MLP. This is a significant finding that lends support to the hypotheses that mulberry leaf extracts can have an impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanqing Zheng
- Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 133 Yiheng ST Dongguanzhuang RD, Guangzhou, 510610 China
| | - Sentai Liao
- Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 133 Yiheng ST Dongguanzhuang RD, Guangzhou, 510610 China
| | - Yuxiao Zou
- Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 133 Yiheng ST Dongguanzhuang RD, Guangzhou, 510610 China
| | - Zhi Qu
- Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 133 Yiheng ST Dongguanzhuang RD, Guangzhou, 510610 China
| | - Weizhi Shen
- Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 133 Yiheng ST Dongguanzhuang RD, Guangzhou, 510610 China
| | - Ying Shi
- Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 133 Yiheng ST Dongguanzhuang RD, Guangzhou, 510610 China
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