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Necroptosis and its role in inflammation. Nature 2015. [DOI: 10.1038/nature14191 and make_set(6895=4364,4364)# xcgv] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Pasparakis M, Vandenabeele P. Necroptosis and its role in inflammation. Nature 2015. [DOI: 10.1038/nature14191 and 5626=5429-- ovbu] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Necroptosis and its role in inflammation. Nature 2015. [DOI: 10.1038/nature14191 order by 1-- cjtk] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Necroptosis and its role in inflammation. Nature 2015. [DOI: 10.1038/nature14191 having 7000=9985# rdfe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Pasparakis M, Vandenabeele P. Necroptosis and its role in inflammation. Nature 2015. [DOI: 10.1038/nature14191 and 2945=2945#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Necroptosis and its role in inflammation. Nature 2015. [DOI: 10.1038/nature14191 having 1479=1479-- weoe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Pasparakis M, Vandenabeele P. Necroptosis and its role in inflammation. Nature 2015. [DOI: 10.1038/nature14191 and 2810=2810# ucdy] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Pasparakis M, Vandenabeele P. Necroptosis and its role in inflammation. Nature 2015. [DOI: 10.1038/nature14191 and make_set(8676=4078,4078)-- vfqc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Deretic V, Kimura T, Timmins G, Moseley P, Chauhan S, Mandell M. Immunologic manifestations of autophagy. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:75-84. [PMID: 25654553 DOI: 10.1172/jci73945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The broad immunologic roles of autophagy span innate and adaptive immunity and are often manifested in inflammatory diseases. The immune effects of autophagy partially overlap with its roles in metabolism and cytoplasmic quality control but typically expand further afield to encompass unique immunologic adaptations. One of the best-appreciated manifestations of autophagy is protection against microbial invasion, but this is by no means limited to direct elimination of intracellular pathogens and includes a stratified array of nearly all principal immunologic processes. This Review summarizes the broad immunologic roles of autophagy. Furthermore, it uses the autophagic control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a paradigm to illustrate the breadth and complexity of the immune effects of autophagy.
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Bao GQ, He L, Lee D, D'Angelo J, Wang HC. An ongoing search for potential targets and therapies for lethal sepsis. Mil Med Res 2015; 2:20. [PMID: 26257917 PMCID: PMC4529709 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-015-0047-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, which refers to a systemic inflammatory response syndrome resulting from a microbial infection, represents the leading cause of death in intensive care units. The pathogenesis of sepsis remains poorly understood although it is attributable to dysregulated immune responses orchestrated by innate immune cells that are sequentially released early (e.g., tumor necrosis factor(TNF), interleukin-1(IL-1), and interferon-γ(IFN-γ)) and late (e.g., high mobility group box 1(HMGB1)) pro-inflammatory mediators. As a ubiquitous nuclear protein, HMGB1 can be passively released from pathologically damaged cells, thereby converging infection and injury on commonly dysregulated inflammatory responses. We review evidence that supports extracellular HMGB1 as a late mediator of inflammatory diseases and discuss the potential of several Chinese herbal components as HMGB1-targeting therapies. We propose that it is important to develop strategies for specifically attenuating injury-elicited inflammatory responses without compromising the infection-mediated innate immunity for the clinical management of sepsis and other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qiang Bao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA.,The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA.,Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The 4th Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032 China
| | - Li He
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - David Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
| | - John D'Angelo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
| | - Hai-Chao Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA.,The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
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223
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Huebener P, Pradere JP, Hernandez C, Gwak GY, Caviglia JM, Mu X, Loike JD, Schwabe RF. The HMGB1/RAGE axis triggers neutrophil-mediated injury amplification following necrosis. J Clin Invest 2014; 125:539-50. [PMID: 25562324 DOI: 10.1172/jci76887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to microbially triggered inflammation, mechanisms promoting sterile inflammation remain poorly understood. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are considered key inducers of sterile inflammation following cell death, but the relative contribution of specific DAMPs, including high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), is ill defined. Due to the postnatal lethality of Hmgb1-knockout mice, the role of HMGB1 in sterile inflammation and disease processes in vivo remains controversial. Here, using conditional ablation strategies, we have demonstrated that epithelial, but not bone marrow-derived, HMGB1 is required for sterile inflammation following injury. Epithelial HMGB1, through its receptor RAGE, triggered recruitment of neutrophils, but not macrophages, toward necrosis. In clinically relevant models of necrosis, HMGB1/RAGE-induced neutrophil recruitment mediated subsequent amplification of injury, depending on the presence of neutrophil elastase. Notably, hepatocyte-specific HMGB1 ablation resulted in 100% survival following lethal acetaminophen intoxication. In contrast to necrosis, HMGB1 ablation did not alter inflammation or mortality in response to TNF- or FAS-mediated apoptosis. In LPS-induced shock, in which HMGB1 was considered a key mediator, HMGB1 ablation did not ameliorate inflammation or lethality, despite efficient reduction of HMGB1 serum levels. Our study establishes HMGB1 as a bona fide and targetable DAMP that selectively triggers a neutrophil-mediated injury amplification loop in the setting of necrosis.
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224
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Kang R, Chen R, Zhang Q, Hou W, Wu S, Cao L, Huang J, Yu Y, Fan XG, Yan Z, Sun X, Wang H, Wang Q, Tsung A, Billiar TR, Zeh HJ, Lotze MT, Tang D. HMGB1 in health and disease. Mol Aspects Med 2014; 40:1-116. [PMID: 25010388 PMCID: PMC4254084 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 683] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Complex genetic and physiological variations as well as environmental factors that drive emergence of chromosomal instability, development of unscheduled cell death, skewed differentiation, and altered metabolism are central to the pathogenesis of human diseases and disorders. Understanding the molecular bases for these processes is important for the development of new diagnostic biomarkers, and for identifying new therapeutic targets. In 1973, a group of non-histone nuclear proteins with high electrophoretic mobility was discovered and termed high-mobility group (HMG) proteins. The HMG proteins include three superfamilies termed HMGB, HMGN, and HMGA. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), the most abundant and well-studied HMG protein, senses and coordinates the cellular stress response and plays a critical role not only inside of the cell as a DNA chaperone, chromosome guardian, autophagy sustainer, and protector from apoptotic cell death, but also outside the cell as the prototypic damage associated molecular pattern molecule (DAMP). This DAMP, in conjunction with other factors, thus has cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor activity, orchestrating the inflammatory and immune response. All of these characteristics make HMGB1 a critical molecular target in multiple human diseases including infectious diseases, ischemia, immune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer. Indeed, a number of emergent strategies have been used to inhibit HMGB1 expression, release, and activity in vitro and in vivo. These include antibodies, peptide inhibitors, RNAi, anti-coagulants, endogenous hormones, various chemical compounds, HMGB1-receptor and signaling pathway inhibition, artificial DNAs, physical strategies including vagus nerve stimulation and other surgical approaches. Future work further investigating the details of HMGB1 localization, structure, post-translational modification, and identification of additional partners will undoubtedly uncover additional secrets regarding HMGB1's multiple functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
| | - Ruochan Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Qiuhong Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Wen Hou
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Sha Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Lizhi Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xue-Gong Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhengwen Yan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Xiaofang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Experimental Department of Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510510, China
| | - Haichao Wang
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Qingde Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Allan Tsung
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Herbert J Zeh
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Michael T Lotze
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
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225
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Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was originally defined as a ubiquitous nuclear protein, but it was later determined that the protein has different roles both inside and outside of cells. Nuclear HMGB1 regulates chromatin structure and gene transcription, whereas cytosolic HMGB1 is involved in inflammasome activation and autophagy. Extracellular HMGB1 has drawn attention because it can bind to related cell signalling transduction receptors, such as the receptor for advanced glycation end products, Toll-like receptor (TLR)2, TLR4 and TLR9. It also participates in the development and progression of a variety of diseases. HMGB1 is actively secreted by stimulation of the innate immune system, and it is passively released by ischaemia or cell injury. This review focuses on the important role of HMGB1 in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic sterile inflammatory conditions. Strategies that target HMGB1 have been shown to significantly decrease inflammation in several disease models of sterile inflammation, and this may represent a promising clinical approach for treatment of certain conditions associated with sterile inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tsung
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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226
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Yanai H, Taniguchi T. Nucleic acid sensing and beyond: virtues and vices of high-mobility group box 1. J Intern Med 2014; 276:444-53. [PMID: 25041239 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was first described as an architectural chromatin-binding protein. Today, a wealth of evidence indicates that this protein is very versatile and serves an amazing assortment of roles in the nucleus, cytoplasm and extracellular milieu. As a result, HMGB1 is fast becoming recognized as a key regulator of protective and pathological immune responses. Whilst acknowledging the many functions of HMGB1 and its family members, we focus this review on their role as broad effectors of immune responses mediated by nucleic acids. In addition, we touch upon the recent progress in determining the in vivo role of HMGB1 as revealed by the study of mice conditionally null for the Hmgb1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yanai
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Industrial Science, Max Planck-The University of Tokyo Center for Integrative Inflammology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Core Research for Evolution Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
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227
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Luedde T, Kaplowitz N, Schwabe RF. Cell death and cell death responses in liver disease: mechanisms and clinical relevance. Gastroenterology 2014; 147:765-783.e4. [PMID: 25046161 PMCID: PMC4531834 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 528] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular death is present in almost all types of human liver disease and is used as a sensitive parameter for the detection of acute and chronic liver disease of viral, toxic, metabolic, or autoimmune origin. Clinical data and animal models suggest that hepatocyte death is the key trigger of liver disease progression, manifested by the subsequent development of inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Modes of hepatocellular death differ substantially between liver diseases. Different modes of cell death such as apoptosis, necrosis, and necroptosis trigger specific cell death responses and promote progression of liver disease through distinct mechanisms. In this review, we first discuss molecular mechanisms by which different modes of cell death, damage-associated molecular patterns, and specific cell death responses contribute to the development of liver disease. We then review the clinical relevance of cell death, focusing on biomarkers; the contribution of cell death to drug-induced, viral, and fatty liver disease and liver cancer; and evidence for cell death pathways as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Luedde
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Neil Kaplowitz
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Keck
School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089,
USA
| | - Robert F. Schwabe
- Department of Medicine; Institute of Human Nutrition,
Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dr.
Tom Luedde, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Medicine III, Division of GI-
and Hepatobiliary Oncology University Hospital RWTH Aachen.
Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen; Germany or
Dr. Robert F. Schwabe Columbia University Department of Medicine; Institute of
Human Nutrition Russ Berrie Pavilion, Room 415 1150 St. Nicholas Ave New York,
NY 10032; USA
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228
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Abstract
With growing accounts of inflammatory diseases such as sepsis, greater understanding the immune system and the mechanisms of cellular immunity have become primary objectives in immunology studies. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a ubiquitous nuclear protein that is implicated in various aspects of the innate immune system as a damage-associated molecular pattern molecule and a late mediator of inflammation, as well as in principal cellular processes, such as autophagy and apoptosis. HMGB1 functions in the nucleus as a DNA chaperone; however, it exhibits cytokine-like activity when secreted by injurious or infectious stimuli. Extracellular HMGB1 acts through specific receptors to promote activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, leading to production of cytokines and chemokines. These findings further implicate HMGB1 in lethal inflammatory diseases as a crucial regulator of inflammatory, injurious, and infectious responses. In this paper, we summarize the role of HMGB1 in inflammatory and non-inflammatory states and assess potential therapeutic approaches targeting HMGB1 in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ae Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Man Sup Kwak
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sol Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeon-Soo Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Brain Korea 21 PLUS for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Severance Biomedical Science Institute and Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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229
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Tang D, Kang R, Van Houten B, Zeh HJ, Billiar TR, Lotze MT. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) phenotypic role revealed with stress. Mol Med 2014; 20:359-62. [PMID: 24937773 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2014.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an evolutionarily ancient protein that is present in one form or another in all eukaryotes. It fundamentally resides in the nucleus but translocates to the cytosol with stress and is subsequently released into the extracellular space. HMGB1 global knockout mice exhibit lethal hypoglycemia, whereas tissues and cells from conditional knockout or knock-in mice are born alive without apparent significant functional deficit. An aberrant response to targeted stress in the liver, pancreas, heart or myeloid cells is consistent with a protective role for HMGB1 in sustaining nuclear homeostasis and enabling other stress responses, including autophagy. Under some conditions, HMGB1 is not required for liver and heart function. Many challenges remain with respect to understanding the multiple roles of HMGB1 in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Bennett Van Houten
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America Department of Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Herbert J Zeh
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael T Lotze
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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230
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Abstract
HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1) is a multifunctional, ubiquitous protein located inside and outside cells that plays a critical role in various physiological and pathological processes including cell development, differentiation, inflammation, immunity, metastasis, metabolism, and death. Increasing evidence demonstrates that HMGB1-dependent autophagy promotes chemotherapy resistance, sustains tumor metabolism requirements and T cell survival, prevents polyglutamine aggregates and excitotoxicity, and protects against endotoxemia, bacterial infection, and ischemia-reperfusion injury in vitro or in vivo. In contrast, HMGB1 may not be required for autophagy in some organs such as the liver and heart. Understanding HMGB1-dependent and -independent autophagy in more detail will provide insight into the integrated stress response and guide HMGB1-based therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province; Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University; Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh, PA USA
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231
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Kim SP, Nam SH, Friedman M. Rice hull smoke extract protects mice against a Salmonella lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:7753-7759. [PMID: 25068861 DOI: 10.1021/jf501533s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Endotoxemia (sepsis, septic shock) is an inflammatory, virulent disease that results mainly from infection by Gram-negative bacteria. The present study investigates the inhibitory effects of a rice hull smoke extract (RHSE) against murine endotoxemia induced by Salmonella lipopolysaccharide and d-galactosamine (LPS/GalN). Pretreatment of the mice with RHSE via dietary administration for 2 weeks resulted in the suppression (in %) of LPS/GalN-induced catalase by 70.7, superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 54.6, and transaminase (GOT/GPT) liver enzymes by 40.6/62.5, the amelioration of necrotic liver lesions, and the reduction of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) by 61.1 and nitrite serum level by 83.4, as well as myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme associated with necrotic injury of the lung and kidney by 65.7 and 63.3, respectively. The RHSE also extended the lifespan of the toxemic mice. The results using inflammation biomarkers and from the lifespan studies suggest that the RHSE can protect mice against LPS/GalN-induced liver, lung, and kidney injuries and inflammation by blocking oxidative stress and TNF-α production, thereby increasing the survival of the toxic-shock-induced mice. These beneficial effects and previous studies on the antimicrobial effects against Salmonella Typhimurium in culture and in mice suggest that the smoke extract also has the potential to serve as a new multifunctional resource in human food and animal feeds. Possible mechanisms of the beneficial effects at the cellular and molecular levels and suggested food uses are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Phil Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Ajou University , Suwon, 443-749, Republic of Korea
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232
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Liu L, Yang M, Kang R, Dai Y, Yu Y, Gao F, Wang H, Sun X, Li X, Li J, Wang H, Cao L, Tang D. HMGB1-DNA complex-induced autophagy limits AIM2 inflammasome activation through RAGE. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 450:851-6. [PMID: 24971542 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a prototype damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) that can induce inflammatory and immune responses alone as well as in combination with other molecules such as DNA. However, the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying HMGB1-DNA complex-mediated innate immune response remains largely elusive. In this study, we demonstrated that HMGB1-DNA complex initially induced absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2)-dependent inflammasome activation, and promoted rapid release of inflammasome-dependent early proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 1β (IL-1β). Subsequently, HMGB1-DNA complex stimulated an ATG5-dependent cellular degradation process, autophagy, which was paralleled by a cessation of AIM2 inflammasome activation and IL-1β release. These HMGB1-DNA complex-induced inflammasome activation and autophagy were both dependent on the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) that recognizes a wide array of ligands (including HMGB1 and DNA). Thus, autophagy may function as a negative counter-regulatory mechanism for HMGB1-DNA complex-induced inflammasome activation, and provide a checkpoint to limit the development of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Minghua Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Yunpeng Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Xiaojun Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Xiuli Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Haichao Wang
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Lizhi Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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233
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Campana L, Santarella F, Esposito A, Maugeri N, Rigamonti E, Monno A, Canu T, Del Maschio A, Bianchi ME, Manfredi AA, Rovere-Querini P. Leukocyte HMGB1 is required for vessel remodeling in regenerating muscles. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:5257-64. [PMID: 24752445 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Signals of tissue necrosis, damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), cause inflammation. Leukocytes migrating into injured tissues tonically release DAMPs, including the high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1). In the absence of suitable models, the relative role of DAMPs released because of necrosis or leukocyte activation has not, so far, been dissected. We have generated a mouse model lacking Hmgb1 in the hematopoietic system and studied the response to acute sterile injury of the skeletal muscle. Regenerating fibers are significantly less numerous at earlier time points and smaller at the end of the process. Leukocyte Hmgb1 licenses the skeletal muscle to react to hypoxia, to express angiopoietin-2, and to initiate angiogenesis in response to injury. Vascularization of the regenerating tissue is selectively jeopardized in the absence of leukocyte Hmgb1, revealing that it controls the nutrient and oxygen supply to the regenerating tissue. Altogether, our results reveal a novel nonredundant role for leukocyte Hmgb1 in the repair of injured skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Campana
- Innate Immunity and Tissue Remodeling Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Santarella
- Innate Immunity and Tissue Remodeling Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Esposito
- Vita-Salute, San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; Radiology Department, Centre for Experimental Imaging, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Norma Maugeri
- Autoimmunity and Vascular Inflammation Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; and
| | - Elena Rigamonti
- Innate Immunity and Tissue Remodeling Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Monno
- Innate Immunity and Tissue Remodeling Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Tamara Canu
- Radiology Department, Centre for Experimental Imaging, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Del Maschio
- Vita-Salute, San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; Radiology Department, Centre for Experimental Imaging, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco E Bianchi
- Radiology Department, Centre for Experimental Imaging, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; Chromatin Dynamics Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo A Manfredi
- Vita-Salute, San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; Autoimmunity and Vascular Inflammation Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; and
| | - Patrizia Rovere-Querini
- Innate Immunity and Tissue Remodeling Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute, San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy;
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Lu B, Wang C, Wang M, Li W, Chen F, Tracey KJ, Wang H. Molecular mechanism and therapeutic modulation of high mobility group box 1 release and action: an updated review. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 10:713-27. [PMID: 24746113 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2014.909730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an evolutionarily conserved protein, and is constitutively expressed in virtually all types of cells. Infection and injury converge on common inflammatory responses that are mediated by HMGB1 secreted from immunologically activated immune cells or passively released from pathologically damaged cells. Herein we review the emerging molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)-induced HMGB1 secretion, and summarize many HMGB1-targeting therapeutic strategies for the treatment of infection- and injury-elicited inflammatory diseases. It may well be possible to develop strategies that specifically attenuate damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)-mediated inflammatory responses without compromising the PAMPs-mediated innate immunity for the clinical management of infection- and injury-elicited inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Lu
- Department of Hematology, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, PR China
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235
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Keyel PA. How is inflammation initiated? Individual influences of IL-1, IL-18 and HMGB1. Cytokine 2014; 69:136-45. [PMID: 24746243 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory cytokines are crucial for fighting infection and establishing immunity. Recently, other proteins, such as danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), have also been appreciated for their role in inflammation and immunity. Following the formation and activation of multiprotein complexes, termed inflammasomes, two cytokines, IL-1β and IL-18, along with the DAMP High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1), are released from cells. Although these proteins all lack classical secretion signals and are released by inflammasome activation, they each lead to different downstream consequences. This review examines how various inflammasomes promote the release of IL-1β, IL-18 and HMGB1 to combat pathogenic situations. Each of these effector molecules plays distinct roles during sterile inflammation, responding to viral, bacterial and parasite infection, and tailoring the innate immune response to specific threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Keyel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Biology Rm 108, Box 43131, Lubbock, TX 79409-3131, United States.
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236
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Huebener P, Gwak GY, Pradere JP, Quinzii CM, Friedman R, Lin CS, Trent CM, Mederacke I, Zhao E, Dapito DH, Lin Y, Goldberg IJ, Czaja MJ, Schwabe RF. High-mobility group box 1 is dispensable for autophagy, mitochondrial quality control, and organ function in vivo. Cell Metab 2014; 19:539-47. [PMID: 24606906 PMCID: PMC4099361 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In vitro studies have demonstrated a critical role for high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in autophagy and the autophagic clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria, resulting in severe mitochondrial fragmentation and profound disturbances of mitochondrial respiration in HMGB1-deficient cells. Here, we investigated the effects of HMGB1 deficiency on autophagy and mitochondrial function in vivo, using conditional Hmgb1 ablation in the liver and heart. Unexpectedly, deletion of Hmgb1 in hepatocytes or cardiomyocytes, two cell types with abundant mitochondria, did not alter mitochondrial structure or function, organ function, or long-term survival. Moreover, hepatic autophagy and mitophagy occurred normally in the absence of Hmgb1, and absence of Hmgb1 did not significantly affect baseline and glucocorticoid-induced hepatic gene expression. Collectively, our findings suggest that HMGB1 is dispensable for autophagy, mitochondrial quality control, the regulation of gene expression, and organ function in the adult organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Huebener
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Geum-Youn Gwak
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | | | | | - Richard Friedman
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chyuan-Sheng Lin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chad M Trent
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ingmar Mederacke
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Enpeng Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Dianne H Dapito
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yuxi Lin
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ira J Goldberg
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Mark J Czaja
- Department of Medicine, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Robert F Schwabe
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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