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Sinopoli VM, Burton CL, Kronenberg S, Arnold PD. A review of the role of serotonin system genes in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 80:372-381. [PMID: 28576508 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating neuropsychiatric disorder that causes the patient to experience intrusive thoughts and/or to carry out repetitive, ritualized behaviors that are time consuming and impairing. OCD is familial and heritable. The genetic factors responsible for pathogenesis, however, remain largely unknown despite the numerous candidate gene studies conducted. Based on efficacy of serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) in treating OCD, serotonin system genes have been a dominant focus in OCD candidate gene studies. We review the most commonly studied candidate serotonin system gene variants (specifically in SLC6A4, HTR2A, HTR1B, and HTR2C) and their association with OCD. Although findings to date are mixed, serotonin transporter polymorphism 5-HTTLPR and HTR2A polymorphism rs6311 (or rs6313) are most consistently associated with OCD. Mixed findings may be the result of genetic complexity and phenotypic heterogeneity that future studies should account for. Homogenous patient subgroups reflecting OCD symptom dimensions, OCD subtypes, and sex should be used for gene discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa M Sinopoli
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada; Program in Genetics & Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christie L Burton
- Program in Genetics & Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sefi Kronenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Paul D Arnold
- Program in Genetics & Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada; Departments of Psychiatry and Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada.
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202
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Mariath LM, Silva AMD, Kowalski TW, Gattino GS, Araujo GAD, Figueiredo FG, Tagliani-Ribeiro A, Roman T, Vianna FSL, Schuler-Faccini L, Schuch JB. Music genetics research: Association with musicality of a polymorphism in the AVPR1A gene. Genet Mol Biol 2017; 40:421-429. [PMID: 28534928 PMCID: PMC5488451 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Musicality is defined as a natural tendency, sensibility, knowledge, or talent to
create, perceive, and play music. Musical abilities involve a great range of social
and cognitive behaviors, which are influenced by both environmental and genetic
factors. Although a number of studies have yielded insights into music genetics
research, genes and biological pathways related to these traits are not fully
understood. Our hypothesis in the current study is that genes associated with
different behaviors could also influence the musical phenotype. Our aim was to
investigate whether polymorphisms in six genes (AVPR1A, SLC6A4, ITGB3, COMT, DRD2 and
DRD4) related to social and cognitive traits are associated with musicality in a
sample of children. Musicality was assessed through an individualized music therapy
assessment profile (IMTAP) which has been validated in Brazil to measure musical
ability. We show here that the RS1 microsatellite of the AVPR1A gene is nominally
associated with musicality, corroborating previous results linking AVPR1A with
musical activity. This study is one of the first to investigate musicality in a
comprehensive way, and it contributes to better understand the genetic basis
underlying musical ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Monteavaro Mariath
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Mauat da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Thayne Woycinck Kowalski
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Schulz Gattino
- Programa de Pos-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e Adolescente, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Andrade de Araujo
- Programa de Pos-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e Adolescente, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Felipe Grahl Figueiredo
- Programa de Pos-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e Adolescente, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alice Tagliani-Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Roman
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Sales Luiz Vianna
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lavínia Schuler-Faccini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Bohrer Schuch
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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203
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Interactive effects of 5-HTTLPR genotype and rearing environment on affective attitude towards own infant in Japanese mothers. Behav Brain Res 2017; 325:173-180. [PMID: 27816559 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Maternal positive attitude towards one's own infant is the cornerstone of effective parenting. Previous research has revealed an influence of both genetic and environmental factors on maternal parenting behavior, but little is known of the potential gene-environment interaction in shaping a mother's affective attitude. To address this gap, we investigated the effect of a mother's childhood rearing environment and a serotonin transporter gene polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) on affective attitude towards her infant. Our analyses found an interactive effect between rearing environment and 5-HTTLPR genotype on maternal attitude. Specifically, a poor rearing environment (characterized by low maternal care and high paternal overprotection) decreased positive attitude towards one's own infant in mothers with homozygous short allele genotype. In contrast, this detrimental effect was almost eliminated in long allele carriers. Altogether, our results indicate that the 5-HTTLPR gene moderates the influence of experienced rearing environment on maternal parental behavior in a manner consistent with the notion that the short 5-HTTLPR allele amplifies environmental influence.
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204
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Houwing DJ, Buwalda B, van der Zee EA, de Boer SF, Olivier JDA. The Serotonin Transporter and Early Life Stress: Translational Perspectives. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:117. [PMID: 28491024 PMCID: PMC5405142 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between the serotonin transporter (SERT) linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) and adverse early life stressing (ELS) events is associated with enhanced stress susceptibility and risk to develop mental disorders like major depression, anxiety, and aggressiveness. In particular, human short allele carriers are at increased risk. This 5-HTTLPR polymorphism is absent in the rodent SERT gene, but heterozygous SERT knockout rodents (SERT+/−) show several similarities to the human S-allele carrier, therefore creating an animal model of the human situation. Many rodent studies investigated ELS interactions in SERT knockout rodents combined with ELS. However, underlying neuromolecular mechanisms of the (mal)adaptive responses to adversity displayed by SERT rodents remain to be elucidated. Here, we provide a comprehensive review including studies describing mechanisms underlying SERT variation × ELS interactions in rodents. Alterations at the level of translation and transcription but also epigenetic alterations considerably contribute to underlying mechanisms of SERT variation × ELS interactions. In particular, SERT+/− rodents exposed to adverse early rearing environment may be of high translational and predictive value to the more stress sensitive human short-allele carrier, considering the similarity in neurochemical alterations. Therefore, SERT+/− rodents are highly relevant in research that aims to unravel the complex psychopathology of mental disorders. So far, most studies fail to show solid evidence for increased vulnerability to develop affective-like behavior after ELS in SERT+/− rodents. Several reasons may underlie these failures, e.g., (1) stressors used might not be optimal or severe enough to induce maladaptations, (2) effects in females are not sufficiently studied, and (3) few studies include both behavioral manifestations and molecular correlates of ELS-induced effects in SERT+/− rodents. Of course, one should not exclude the (although unlikely) possibility of SERT+/− rodents not being sensitive to ELS. In conclusion, future studies addressing ELS-induced effects in the SERT+/− rodents should extensively study both long-term behavioral and (epi)genetic aspects in both sexes. Finally, further research is warranted using more severe stressors in animal models. From there on, we should be able to draw solid conclusions whether the SERT+/− exposed to ELS is a suitable translational animal model for studying 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and stress interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle J Houwing
- Unit Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
| | - Bauke Buwalda
- Unit Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
| | - Eddy A van der Zee
- Unit Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
| | - Sietse F de Boer
- Unit Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
| | - Jocelien D A Olivier
- Unit Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
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205
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Abstract
Although rates of child maltreatment are declining, more than 600,000 children in the United States are substantiated victims of abuse or neglect. The focus of this review is on the relationship between maltreatment and mental health problems in childhood and adulthood. Children and adults who are exposed to abuse or neglect in childhood are at risk for a range of poor mental health outcomes, including internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, posttraumatic stress disorder, psychotic symptoms, and personality disorders. I review three potential mechanisms by which maltreatment may increase risk for various forms of psychopathology, (a) hypervigilance to threat, (b) deficits in emotion recognition and understanding, and (c) low responsivity to reward. I also review genetic and psychosocial factors that moderate the relationship between maltreatment and risk for psychopathology. Finally, I discuss methodological limitations of the literature on maltreatment, with an emphasis on the challenges associated with establishing a causal role for maltreatment (and moderators or mediators of maltreatment) in the development of mental health problems and the reliance of many studies on retrospective self-reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R Jaffee
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104;
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206
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Cope LM, Munier EC, Trucco EM, Hardee JE, Burmeister M, Zucker RA, Heitzeg MM. Effects of the serotonin transporter gene, sensitivity of response to alcohol, and parental monitoring on risk for problem alcohol use. Alcohol 2017; 59:7-16. [PMID: 28262188 PMCID: PMC5340078 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) has been previously associated with alcohol-related risk. Most findings point to short (S) allele carriers being at increased risk for negative alcohol outcomes relative to long allele homozygotes, although some work indicates a more complex relationship. The current prospective study aimed to clarify how and under what circumstances variations in 5-HTTLPR transmit risk for various alcohol-related outcomes. Participants were 218 adolescents and young adults (29% female) enrolled in the Michigan Longitudinal Study. We tested a moderated mediation model with 5-HTTLPR as the predictor, Self-Rating of the Effects of Alcohol (SRE) score as the mediator, alcohol-related outcomes as the dependent variables, parental monitoring as the moderator of the SRE to alcohol outcomes path, and prior drinks, sex, age, and body mass index as covariates. Four alcohol-related outcomes were tested. The S allele was associated with higher SRE scores (i.e., lower response to alcohol). Parental monitoring was a significant moderator: At low levels of parental monitoring, higher SRE scores predicted more drinks consumed and binge drinking episodes. At high levels of monitoring, higher SRE scores were significantly related to fewer alcohol-related problems. Findings suggest that one mechanism by which 5-HTTLPR variation transmits alcohol-related risk is through level of response to alcohol. Furthermore, the strength and direction of this effect varied by level of parental monitoring, indicating that even in the presence of genetic and physiological vulnerability, parents can influence the likelihood of offspring developing problematic alcohol-related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lora M Cope
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; University of Michigan, Addiction Center, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Emily C Munier
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; University of Michigan, Addiction Center, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Elisa M Trucco
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; University of Michigan, Addiction Center, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Florida International University, Department of Psychology, Center for Children and Families, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
| | - Jillian E Hardee
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; University of Michigan, Addiction Center, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Margit Burmeister
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; University of Michigan, Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, 205 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; University of Michigan, Department of Human Genetics, 1241 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; University of Michigan, Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, 100 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Robert A Zucker
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; University of Michigan, Addiction Center, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Mary M Heitzeg
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; University of Michigan, Addiction Center, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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207
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Williams RB, Bishop GD, Haberstick BC, Smolen A, Brummett BH, Siegler IC, Babyak MA, Zhang X, Tai ES, Lee JJM, Tan M, Teo YY, Cai S, Chan E, Halpern CT, Whitsel EA, Bauldry S, Harris KM. Population differences in associations of serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism (5HTTLPR) di- and triallelic genotypes with blood pressure and hypertension prevalence. Am Heart J 2017; 185:110-122. [PMID: 28267464 PMCID: PMC5473420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Based on prior research finding the 5HTTLPR L allele associated with increased cardiovascular reactivity to laboratory stressors and increased risk of myocardial infarction, we hypothesized that the 5HTTLPR L allele will be associated with increased blood pressure (BP) and increased hypertension prevalence in 2 large nationally representative samples in the United States and Singapore. METHODS Logistic regression and linear models tested associations between triallelic (L'S', based on rs25531) 5HTTLPR genotypes and hypertension severity and mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) collected during the Wave IV survey of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health, N=11,815) in 2008-09 and during 2004-07 in 4196 Singaporeans. RESULTS In US Whites, L' allele carriers had higher SBP (0.9 mm Hg, 95% CI=0.26-1.56) and greater odds (OR=1.23, 95% CI=1.10-1.38) of more severe hypertension than those with S'S' genotypes. In African Americans, L' carriers had lower mean SBP (-1.27mm Hg, 95% CI=-2.53 to -0.01) and lower odds (OR = 0.78, 95% CI=0.65-0.94) of more severe hypertension than those with the S'S' genotype. In African Americans, those with L'L' genotypes had lower DBP (-1.13mm Hg, 95% CI=-2.09 to -0.16) than S' carriers. In Native Americans, L' carriers had lower SBP (-6.05mm Hg, 95% CI=-9.59 to -2.51) and lower odds of hypertension (OR = 0.34, 95% CI=0.13-0.89) than those with the S'S' genotype. In Asian/Pacific Islanders those carrying the L' allele had lower DBP (-1.77mm Hg, 95% CI=-3.16 to -0.38) and lower odds of hypertension (OR = 0.68, 95% CI=0.48-0.96) than those with S'S'. In the Singapore sample S' carriers had higher SBP (3.02mm Hg, 95% CI=0.54-5.51) and DBP (1.90mm Hg, 95% CI=0.49-3.31) than those with the L'L' genotype. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that Whites carrying the L' allele, African Americans and Native Americans with the S'S' genotype, and Asians carrying the S' allele will be found to be at higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease and may benefit from preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Redford B Williams
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - George D Bishop
- Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Brett C Haberstick
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Andrew Smolen
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Beverly H Brummett
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ilene C Siegler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael A Babyak
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Maudrene Tan
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yik Ying Teo
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, National University of Singapore
| | - Shiwei Cai
- Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Edmund Chan
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Carolyn Tucker Halpern
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Eric A Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, USA; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shawn Bauldry
- Department of Sociology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kathleen Mullan Harris
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
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208
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Tatham EL, Hall GBC, Clark D, Foster J, Ramasubbu R. The 5-HTTLPR and BDNF polymorphisms moderate the association between uncinate fasciculus connectivity and antidepressants treatment response in major depression. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2017; 267:135-147. [PMID: 27277475 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-016-0702-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Symptom improvement in depression due to antidepressant treatment is highly variable and clinically unpredictable. Linking neuronal connectivity and genetic risk factors in predicting antidepressant response has clinical implications. Our investigation assessed whether indices of white matter integrity, serotonin transporter-linked polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) val66met polymorphism predicted magnitude of depression symptom change following antidepressant treatment. Fractional anisotropy (FA) was used as an indicator of white matter integrity and was assessed in the uncinate fasciculus and superior longitudinal fasciculus using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) and probabilistic tractography. Forty-six medication-free patients with major depressive disorder participated in a diffusion tensor imaging scan prior to completing an 8-week treatment regime with citalopram or quetiapine XR. Indexed improvements in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score from baseline to 8-week endpoint were used as an indicator of depression improvement. Carriers of the BDNF met allele exhibited lower FA values in the left uncinate fasciculus relative to val/val individuals [F(1, 40) = 7.314, p = 0.009]. Probabilistic tractography identified that higher FA in the left uncinate fasciculus predicted percent change in depression severity, with BDNF moderating this association [F(3, 30) = 3.923, p = 0.018]. An interaction between FA in the right uncinate fasciculus and 5-HTTLPR also predicted percent change in depression severity [F(5, 25) = 5.315, p = 0.002]. Uncorrected TBSS results revealed significantly higher FA in hippocampal portions of the cingulum bundle in responders compared to non-responders (p = 0.016). The predictive value of prefrontal and amygdala/hippocampal WM connectivity on antidepressant treatment response may be influenced by 5-HTTLPR and BDNF polymorphisms in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica L Tatham
- McMaster Integrative Neuroscience Discovery and Study, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Geoff B C Hall
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Darren Clark
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, University of Calgary, TRW Building, Room 4D64, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4Z6, Canada
| | - Jane Foster
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Rajamannar Ramasubbu
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, University of Calgary, TRW Building, Room 4D64, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4Z6, Canada.
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209
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Brown JT, Eum S, Cook EH, Bishop JR. Pharmacogenomics of autism spectrum disorder. Pharmacogenomics 2017; 18:403-414. [PMID: 28244813 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2016-0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and interactions as well as restricted, repetitive behaviors and interests. Pharmacologic interventions are often needed to manage irritability, aggressive behaviors and hyperactivity. Pharmacogenomic studies have investigated genetic associations with treatment response and side effects in an attempt to better understand drug mechanisms in hopes of optimizing the balance of symptom improvement versus side effects. The majority of pharmacogenomic studies to date have focused on antipsychotics, antidepressants and stimulants that are the most commonly utilized medication classes for ASD. This review is a comprehensive examination of the existing pharmacogenomic studies in ASD highlighting the current state of knowledge regarding genetic variation influencing pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and associated clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T Brown
- Department of Pharmacy Practice & Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Seenae Eum
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Edwin H Cook
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Bishop
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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210
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A Potential Role of the 5-HTTLPR Polymorphism in Self-Reported Executive Functioning. SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 20:E13. [PMID: 28190415 DOI: 10.1017/sjp.2017.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Intense effort is directed toward searching for associations between genes and neuropsychological measures of executive functions. In contrast, the impact of genetic polymorphisms on self-rating of everyday executive functioning has not been investigated so far. This study was designed to test associations of self-reported executive functioning, measured with the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF-A), with dopaminergic and serotoninergic genes in non-clinical population and to assess impact of neuropsychological and personality characteristics on these associations. One hundred healthy adults completed the BRIEF-A, personality inventories SPQ-74, STAI, MMPI, and neuropsychological tests for executive functions. Polymorphisms in the DRD4, COMT, DRD2, HTR2A, and SLC6A4 genes were genotyped. We revealed a significant main effect of the SLC6A4's 5-HTTLPR polymorphism on BRIEF-A scores (F = 2.21, P = .018, η2 = .24). Among the BRIEF-A measures, the genotype effect was significant for the Plan/Organize (F = 7.34, P = .008, η2 = .07) and Task Monitor scales (F = 4.33, P = .04, η2 = .04), and the Metacognition index (F = 4.21, P = .043, η2 = .04). Carriers of the short allele reported fewer problems than homozygotes for the long allele. Correlations of the BRIEF-A measures with neuropsychological variables were weak, while those with personality characteristics were strong, with trait anxiety being the most powerful predictor of the BRIEF-A scores. However, the relationship between the 5-HTTLPR and BRIEF-A scores remained significant when trait anxiety was controlled for. The results suggest a potential role of the 5-HTTLPR in self-reported everyday task planning and monitoring.
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211
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Miranda RCK, Genro JP, Campagnolo PDB, Mattevi VS, Vitolo MR, Almeida S. Biallelic and triallelic approaches of 5-HTTLPR polymorphism are associated with food intake and nutritional status in childhood. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 43:47-52. [PMID: 28242565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 5-HTT gene contains polymorphisms in its promoter region, the insertion/deletion (5-HTTLPR) that creates long (L) or short (S) alleles (biallelic approach) and SNP (rs25531) in L allele (triallelic approach). OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to investigate the association of the 5-HTTLPR and rs25531 polymorphisms, using bi- and triallelic approach, with dietary intake and anthropometric parameters in children followed until 8 years old. METHODS The sample were 303 children who were recruited at birth and examined at 1, 3 to 4 and 7 to 8 years old. The polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase-chain-reaction-based methods. RESULTS In the biallelic approach, children with the S/S genotype presented a higher body mass index Z-score in the three developmental stages and higher sum of skinfolds at 3 to 4 and 7 to 8 years old than carriers of the L allele. In the triallelic approach, S/S, Lg/S plus Lg/Lg genotypes were associated with higher energy intake daily at 1 year old and with waist circumference at 3 to 4 years old. CONCLUSIONS In the biallelic approach, the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism is associated with food intake, body mass index Z-score and sum of skinfolds in children, reinforcing the role of the serotonin transporter in childhood obesity. Our data indicate that the biallelic approach is more sensible than the triallelic approach for detected associations with food intake and nutritional status in childhood. Identifying susceptibility genes in early life could provide the foundations for interventions in lifestyle to prevent children to become obese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel C K Miranda
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245/Anexo 3 sala 303; CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Júlia P Genro
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245-sala 309; CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paula D B Campagnolo
- Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245/Anexo 2-sala 03; CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vanessa S Mattevi
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245/Anexo 3 sala 303; CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245-sala 309; CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcia R Vitolo
- Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245/Anexo 2-sala 03; CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Silvana Almeida
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245/Anexo 3 sala 303; CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245-sala 309; CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Plieger T, Melchers M, Vetterlein A, Görtz J, Kuhn S, Ruppel M, Reuter M. The serotonin transporter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and coping strategies influence successful emotion regulation in an acute stress situation: Physiological evidence. Int J Psychophysiol 2017; 114:31-37. [PMID: 28192169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emotion regulation is an important everyday-life skill to reduce harm and stress. Consequently, research shows associations between psychopathologies and emotional dysregulation. The serotonin transporter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) has repeatedly been associated to phenotypes and syndromes related to emotional dysregulation. However, there is no study showing any direct effects of 5-HTTLPR genotype and emotion regulation. Hence, the aim of the present study was to draw a link between 5-HTTLPR to emotion regulation. METHOD N=91 healthy participants filled in a coping questionnaire, provided gene samples and participated in an emotion regulation experiment. In a within-subject design they viewed emotional pictures and were either instructed to suppress their emotions or not. During the emotion regulation task, skin conductance responses (SCR) were recorded. RESULTS Emotion regulation abilities measured by SCR were influenced by 5-HTTLPR and coping strategies, together explaining 30% of variance. S-allele carriers showed increased SCRs when watching aversive stimuli in the uninstructed condition. However, when receiving an emotion regulation instruction, they were able to downregulate their arousal resulting in comparable SCRs as observed in LL-carriers. DISCUSSION This is the first study showing an impact of 5-HTTLPR on physiological emotion regulation. Results show that S-allele carriers have the same emotional arousal as L-allele carriers, when they get a supportive instruction to suppress unwanted feelings. These findings have implications for psychotherapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Plieger
- Department of Psychology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Bonn, Germany.
| | - Martin Melchers
- Department of Psychology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Annabel Vetterlein
- Department of Psychology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Janina Görtz
- Department of Psychology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Sarah Kuhn
- Department of Psychology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Melissa Ruppel
- Department of Psychology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Reuter
- Department of Psychology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Bonn, Germany; Center for Economics & Neuroscience (CENs), University of Bonn, Germany
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Fabbri C, Hosak L, Mössner R, Giegling I, Mandelli L, Bellivier F, Claes S, Collier DA, Corrales A, Delisi LE, Gallo C, Gill M, Kennedy JL, Leboyer M, Lisoway A, Maier W, Marquez M, Massat I, Mors O, Muglia P, Nöthen MM, O'Donovan MC, Ospina-Duque J, Propping P, Shi Y, St Clair D, Thibaut F, Cichon S, Mendlewicz J, Rujescu D, Serretti A. Consensus paper of the WFSBP Task Force on Genetics: Genetics, epigenetics and gene expression markers of major depressive disorder and antidepressant response. World J Biol Psychiatry 2017; 18:5-28. [PMID: 27603714 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1208843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heritable disease with a heavy personal and socio-economic burden. Antidepressants of different classes are prescribed to treat MDD, but reliable and reproducible markers of efficacy are not available for clinical use. Further complicating treatment, the diagnosis of MDD is not guided by objective criteria, resulting in the risk of under- or overtreatment. A number of markers of MDD and antidepressant response have been investigated at the genetic, epigenetic, gene expression and protein levels. Polymorphisms in genes involved in antidepressant metabolism (cytochrome P450 isoenzymes), antidepressant transport (ABCB1), glucocorticoid signalling (FKBP5) and serotonin neurotransmission (SLC6A4 and HTR2A) were among those included in the first pharmacogenetic assays that have been tested for clinical applicability. The results of these investigations were encouraging when examining patient-outcome improvement. Furthermore, a nine-serum biomarker panel (including BDNF, cortisol and soluble TNF-α receptor type II) showed good sensitivity and specificity in differentiating between MDD and healthy controls. These first diagnostic and response-predictive tests for MDD provided a source of optimism for future clinical applications. However, such findings should be considered very carefully because their benefit/cost ratio and clinical indications were not clearly demonstrated. Future tests may include combinations of different types of biomarkers and be specific for MDD subtypes or pathological dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Fabbri
- a Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Ladislav Hosak
- b Department of Psychiatrics , Charles University, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Hradec Králové , Czech Republic
| | - Rainald Mössner
- c Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Ina Giegling
- d Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics , Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany
| | - Laura Mandelli
- a Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Frank Bellivier
- e Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France AP-HP , GH Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal, Pôle Neurosciences , Paris , France
| | - Stephan Claes
- f GRASP-Research Group, Department of Neuroscience , University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - David A Collier
- g Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre , Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London , London , UK
| | - Alejo Corrales
- h National University (UNT) Argentina, Argentinean Association of Biological Psychiatry , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Lynn E Delisi
- i VA Boston Health Care System , Brockton , MA , USA
| | - Carla Gallo
- j Departamento de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía , Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia , Lima , Peru
| | - Michael Gill
- k Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry , Trinity College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
| | - James L Kennedy
- l Neurogenetics Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Marion Leboyer
- m Faculté de Médecine , Université Paris-Est Créteil, Inserm U955, Equipe Psychiatrie Translationnelle , Créteil , France
| | - Amanda Lisoway
- l Neurogenetics Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- n Department of Psychiatry , University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Miguel Marquez
- o Director of ADINEU (Asistencia, Docencia e Investigación en Neurociencia) , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Isabelle Massat
- p UNI - ULB Neurosciences Institute, ULB , Bruxelles , Belgium
| | - Ole Mors
- q Department P , Aarhus University Hospital , Risskov , Denmark
| | | | - Markus M Nöthen
- s Institute of Human Genetics , University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Michael C O'Donovan
- t MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics , Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
| | - Jorge Ospina-Duque
- u Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de Antioquia , Medellín , Colombia
| | | | - Yongyong Shi
- w Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - David St Clair
- x University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences , Aberdeen , UK
| | - Florence Thibaut
- y University Hospital Cochin (Site Tarnier), University Sorbonne Paris Cité (Faculty of Medicine Paris Descartes), INSERM U 894 Centre Psychiatry and Neurosciences , Paris , France
| | - Sven Cichon
- z Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine , University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Julien Mendlewicz
- aa Laboratoire de Psychologie Medicale, Centre Européen de Psychologie Medicale , Université Libre de Bruxelles and Psy Pluriel , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Dan Rujescu
- d Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics , Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- a Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
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BDNF val66met association with serotonin transporter binding in healthy humans. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1029. [PMID: 28195567 PMCID: PMC5438027 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The serotonin transporter (5-HTT) is a key feature of the serotonin system, which is involved in behavior, cognition and personality and implicated in neuropsychiatric illnesses including depression. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) val66met and 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms have predicted differences in 5-HTT levels in humans but with equivocal results, possibly due to limited sample sizes. Within the current study we evaluated these genetic predictors of 5-HTT binding with [11C]DASB positron emission tomography (PET) in a comparatively large cohort of 144 healthy individuals. We used a latent variable model to determine genetic effects on a latent variable (5-HTTLV), reflecting shared correlation across regional 5-HTT binding (amygdala, caudate, hippocampus, midbrain, neocortex, putamen and thalamus). Our data supported a significant BDNF val66met effect on 5-HTTLV such that met-carriers showed 2-7% higher subcortical 5-HTT binding compared with val/val individuals (P=0.042). Our data did not support a BDNF val66met effect in neocortex and 5-HTTLPR did not significantly predict 5-HTTLV. We did not observe evidence for an interaction between genotypes. Our findings indicate that met-carriers have increased subcortical 5-HTT binding. The small difference suggests limited statistical power may explain previously reported null effects. Our finding adds to emerging evidence that BDNF val66met contributes to differences in the human brain serotonin system, informing how variability in the 5-HTT level emerges and may represent an important molecular mediator of BDNF val66met effects on behavior and related risk for neuropsychiatric illness.
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215
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Halldorsdottir T, Binder EB. Gene × Environment Interactions: From Molecular Mechanisms to Behavior. Annu Rev Psychol 2017; 68:215-241. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-010416-044053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thorhildur Halldorsdottir
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany;
| | - Elisabeth B. Binder
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80804, Germany;
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
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216
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Eshragh J, Dhruva A, Paul SM, Cooper BA, Mastick J, Hamolsky D, Levine JD, Miaskowski C, Kober KM. Associations Between Neurotransmitter Genes and Fatigue and Energy Levels in Women After Breast Cancer Surgery. J Pain Symptom Manage 2017; 53:67-84.e7. [PMID: 27720787 PMCID: PMC5191954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Fatigue is a common problem in oncology patients. Less is known about decrements in energy levels and the mechanisms that underlie both fatigue and energy. OBJECTIVES In patients with breast cancer, variations in neurotransmitter genes between lower and higher fatigue latent classes and between the higher and lower energy latent classes were evaluated. METHODS Patients completed assessments before and monthly for six months after surgery. Growth mixture modeling was used to identify distinct latent classes for fatigue severity and energy levels. Thirty candidate genes involved in various aspects of neurotransmission were evaluated. RESULTS Eleven single-nucleotide polymorphisms or haplotypes (i.e., ADRB2 rs1042718, BDNF rs6265, COMT rs9332377, CYP3A4 rs4646437, GALR1 rs949060, GCH1 rs3783642, NOS1 rs9658498, NOS1 rs2293052, NPY1R Haplotype A04, SLC6A2 rs17841327, and 5HTTLPR + rs25531 in SLC6A4) were associated with latent class membership for fatigue. Seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms or haplotypes (i.e., NOS1 rs471871, SLC6A1 rs2675163, SLC6A1 Haplotype D01, SLC6A2 rs36027, SLC6A3 rs37022, SLC6A4 rs2020942, and TAC1 rs2072100) were associated with latent class membership for energy. Three of 13 genes (i.e., NOS1, SLC6A2, and SLC6A4) were associated with latent class membership for both fatigue and energy. CONCLUSIONS Molecular findings support the hypothesis that fatigue and energy are distinct, yet related symptoms. Results suggest that a large number of neurotransmitters play a role in the development and maintenance of fatigue and energy levels in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Eshragh
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Anand Dhruva
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Steven M Paul
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Bruce A Cooper
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Judy Mastick
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Deborah Hamolsky
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jon D Levine
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Kord M Kober
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
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217
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Chang CC, Chang HA, Fang WH, Chang TC, Huang SY. Gender-specific association between serotonin transporter polymorphisms (5-HTTLPR and rs25531) and neuroticism, anxiety and depression in well-defined healthy Han Chinese. J Affect Disord 2017; 207:422-428. [PMID: 27788383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A tri-allelic serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR/rs25531) more effectively determines the levels of transcriptional efficacy than that with the bi-allelic 5-HTTLPR polymorphism in vitro. Both are reportedly associated with personality traits of negative emotionality, but with conflicting findings. One explanation for this is that a gender difference may play a role in genetic contribution. Here, we hypothesized that the tri-allelic genotype of the serotonin transporter is more closely linked to neuroticism, an anxiety- and depression-related trait, than the bi-allelic variation, particularly in a gender-dependent way. METHODS The genotypes of the 5-HTTLPR and rs25531 loci were determined in 1139 well-defined physically and mentally healthy Han Chinese (550 men, 589 women; mean age 38.3±10.3 years). All participants completed the neuroticism measure of the short-form Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI). The levels of anxiety and depression were assessed by the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), respectively. RESULTS A significant tri-allelic genotype-by-gender interaction effect was found in the MPI-neuroticism measure. S'S' homozygotes were associated with higher neuroticism than L' allele carriers in men. Also, both the BAI and BDI scores were higher in the S'S' homozygotic men. In the bi-allelic analyses, however, there was only an association between SS genotype and MPI-neuroticism in men. LIMITATIONS Sub-analyses by gender-stratification may reduce the statistical power. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm that gender differences exist in the genetic contributions of the serotonin transporter in human neuroticism, and anxiety/depression. Our data provide further support for rs25531, strengthening the effects of 5-HTTLPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Chia Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-An Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hui Fang
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tieh-Ching Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - San-Yuan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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218
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Honda S, Nakao T, Mitsuyasu H, Okada K, Gotoh L, Tomita M, Sanematsu H, Murayama K, Ikari K, Kuwano M, Yoshiura T, Kawasaki H, Kanba S. A pilot study exploring the association of morphological changes with 5-HTTLPR polymorphism in OCD patients. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2017; 16:2. [PMID: 28203264 PMCID: PMC5303222 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-017-0126-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical and pharmacological studies of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have suggested that the serotonergic systems are involved in the pathogenesis, while structural imaging studies have found some neuroanatomical abnormalities in OCD patients. In the etiopathogenesis of OCD, few studies have performed concurrent assessment of genetic and neuroanatomical variables. METHODS We carried out a two-way ANOVA between a variable number of tandem repeat polymorphisms (5-HTTLPR) in the serotonin transporter gene and gray matter (GM) volumes in 40 OCD patients and 40 healthy controls (HCs). RESULTS We found that relative to the HCs, the OCD patients showed significant decreased GM volume in the right hippocampus, and increased GM volume in the left precentral gyrus. 5-HTTLPR polymorphism in OCD patients had a statistical tendency of stronger effects on the right frontal pole than those in HCs. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that the neuroanatomical changes of specific GM regions could be endophenotypes of 5-HTTLPR polymorphism in OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Honda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nakao
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mitsuyasu
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kayo Okada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Leo Gotoh
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayumi Tomita
- Kurume University Graduate School of Psychology, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hirokuni Sanematsu
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keitaro Murayama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ikari
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masumi Kuwano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Yoshiura
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kawasaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Kanba
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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Velasquez F, Wiggins JL, Mattson WI, Martin DM, Lord C, Monk CS. The influence of 5-HTTLPR transporter genotype on amygdala-subgenual anterior cingulate cortex connectivity in autism spectrum disorder. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2016; 24:12-20. [PMID: 28088648 PMCID: PMC5858904 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Social deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are linked to amygdala functioning and functional connection between the amygdala and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sACC) is involved in the modulation of amygdala activity. Impairments in behavioral symptoms and amygdala activation and connectivity with the sACC seem to vary by serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) variant genotype in diverse populations. The current preliminary investigation examines whether amygdala-sACC connectivity differs by 5-HTTLPR genotype and relates to social functioning in ASD. A sample of 108 children and adolescents (44 ASD) completed an fMRI face-processing task. Youth with ASD and low expressing 5-HTTLPR genotypes showed significantly greater connectivity than youth with ASD and higher expressing genotypes as well as typically developing (TD) individuals with both low and higher expressing genotypes, in the comparison of happy vs. baseline faces and happy vs. neutral faces. Moreover, individuals with ASD and higher expressing genotypes exhibit a negative relationship between amygdala-sACC connectivity and social dysfunction. Altered amygdala-sACC coupling based on 5-HTTLPR genotype may help explain some of the heterogeneity in neural and social function observed in ASD. This is the first ASD study to combine genetic polymorphism analyses and functional connectivity in the context of a social task.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Donna M Martin
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, United States
| | - Catherine Lord
- Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Weill Cornell Medicine, United States
| | - Christopher S Monk
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Growth and Human Development, University of Michigan, United States
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Raab K, Kirsch P, Mier D. Understanding the impact of 5-HTTLPR, antidepressants, and acute tryptophan depletion on brain activation during facial emotion processing: A review of the imaging literature. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 71:176-197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Leerkes EM, Gedaly LR, Zhou N, Calkins S, Henrich VC, Smolen A. Further evidence of the limited role of candidate genes in relation to infant-mother attachment outcomes. Attach Hum Dev 2016; 19:76-105. [PMID: 27852134 DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2016.1253759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we examine the associations between specific candidate genes (DRD2, DRD4, COMT, biallelic and tri-allelic 5HTTLPR, and OXTR) and infant attachment outcomes as main effects and in conjunction with maternal sensitivity. The sample included 200 infants (97 European American, 94 African-American, and 9 biracial) and their mothers. Maternal sensitivity and overtly negative maternal behavior were observed when infants were 6 months and 1 year old in distress-eliciting contexts, attachment was assessed via the Strange Situation at age 1, and DNA samples were collected when children were 2 years old. Consistent with recent research in large samples, there was little evidence that these genes are associated with attachment security, disorganization, or distress as main effects (in additive, dominant, and homozygous models) or in conjunction with maternal sensitivity or overtly negative behavior (primarily dominance models). Furthermore, there was little evidence that associations vary as a function of race.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther M Leerkes
- a Human Development and Family Studies , The University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro , NC , USA
| | - Lindsey R Gedaly
- a Human Development and Family Studies , The University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro , NC , USA
| | - Nan Zhou
- a Human Development and Family Studies , The University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro , NC , USA
| | - Susan Calkins
- a Human Development and Family Studies , The University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro , NC , USA
| | - Vincent C Henrich
- b Center for Biotechnology, Genomics, and Health Research , The University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro , NC , USA
| | - Andrew Smolen
- c Institute for Behavioral Genetics , University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder , CO , USA
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Isbell E, Stevens C, Hampton Wray A, Bell T, Neville HJ. 5-HTTLPR polymorphism is linked to neural mechanisms of selective attention in preschoolers from lower socioeconomic status backgrounds. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2016; 22:36-47. [PMID: 27837677 PMCID: PMC6987652 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
While a growing body of research has identified experiential factors associated with differences in selective attention, relatively little is known about the contribution of genetic factors to the skill of sustained selective attention, especially in early childhood. Here, we assessed the association between the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) genotypes and the neural mechanisms of selective attention in young children from lower socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded during a dichotic listening task from 121 children (76 females, aged 40-67 months), who were also genotyped for the short and long allele of 5-HTTLPR. The effect of selective attention was measured as the difference in ERP mean amplitudes elicited by identical probe stimuli embedded in stories when they were attended versus unattended. Compared to children homozygous for the long allele, children who carried at least one copy of the short allele showed larger effects of selective attention on neural processing. These findings link the short allele of the 5-HTTLPR to enhanced neural mechanisms of selective attention and lay the groundwork for future studies of gene-by-environment interactions in the context of key cognitive skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Isbell
- University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Greensboro, NC, 27412, United States.
| | - Courtney Stevens
- Willamette University, Department of Psychology, 900 State Street, Salem, OR 97301, United States
| | - Amanda Hampton Wray
- Michigan State University, Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders, 1026 Red Cedar Rd., East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Theodore Bell
- University of Oregon, Department of Psychology, 1227 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, United States
| | - Helen J Neville
- University of Oregon, Department of Psychology, 1227 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, United States
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223
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Separating the wheat from the chaff: systematic identification of functionally relevant noncoding variants in ADHD. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:1589-1598. [PMID: 27113999 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable psychiatric condition with negative lifetime outcomes. Uncovering its genetic architecture should yield important insights into the neurobiology of ADHD and assist development of novel treatment strategies. Twenty years of candidate gene investigations and more recently genome-wide association studies have identified an array of potential association signals. In this context, separating the likely true from false associations ('the wheat' from 'the chaff') will be crucial for uncovering the functional biology of ADHD. Here, we defined a set of 2070 DNA variants that showed evidence of association with ADHD (or were in linkage disequilibrium). More than 97% of these variants were noncoding, and were prioritised for further exploration using two tools-genome-wide annotation of variants (GWAVA) and Combined Annotation-Dependent Depletion (CADD)-that were recently developed to rank variants based upon their likely pathogenicity. Capitalising on recent efforts such as the Encyclopaedia of DNA Elements and US National Institutes of Health Roadmap Epigenomics Projects to improve understanding of the noncoding genome, we subsequently identified 65 variants to which we assigned functional annotations, based upon their likely impact on alternative splicing, transcription factor binding and translational regulation. We propose that these 65 variants, which possess not only a high likelihood of pathogenicity but also readily testable functional hypotheses, represent a tractable shortlist for future experimental validation in ADHD. Taken together, this study brings into sharp focus the likely relevance of noncoding variants for the genetic risk associated with ADHD, and more broadly suggests a bioinformatics approach that should be relevant to other psychiatric disorders.
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Dujic T, Zhou K, Tavendale R, Palmer CNA, Pearson ER. Effect of Serotonin Transporter 5-HTTLPR Polymorphism on Gastrointestinal Intolerance to Metformin: A GoDARTS Study. Diabetes Care 2016; 39:1896-1901. [PMID: 27493135 PMCID: PMC5122449 DOI: 10.2337/dc16-0706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mechanism causing gastrointestinal intolerance to metformin treatment is unknown. We have previously shown that reduced-function alleles of organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) are associated with increased intolerance to metformin. Considering recent findings that serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT) might also be involved in metformin intestinal absorption, and the role of serotonin in gastrointestinal physiology, in this study we investigated the association between a common polymorphism in the SERT gene and metformin gastrointestinal intolerance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We explored the effect of composite SERT 5-HTTLPR/rs25531 genotypes, L*L* (LALA), L*S* (LALG, LAS), and S*S* (SS, SLG, LGLG), in 1,356 fully tolerant and 164 extreme metformin-intolerant patients by using a logistic regression model, adjusted for age, sex, weight, OCT1 genotype, and concomitant use of medications known to inhibit OCT1 activity. RESULTS The number of low-expressing SERT S* alleles increased the odds of metformin intolerance (odds ratio [OR] 1.31 [95% CI 1.02-1.67], P = 0.031). Moreover, a multiplicative interaction between the OCT1 and SERT genotypes was observed (P = 0.003). In the analyses stratified by SERT genotype, the presence of two deficient OCT1 alleles was associated with more than a ninefold higher odds of metformin intolerance in patients carrying the L*L* genotype (OR 9.25 [95% CI 3.18-27.0], P < 10-4); however, it showed a much smaller effect in L*S* carriers and no effect in S*S* carriers. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the interaction between OCT1 and SERT genes might play an important role in metformin intolerance. Further studies are needed to replicate these findings and to substantiate the hypothesis that metformin gastrointestinal side effects could be related to the reduced intestinal serotonin uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Dujic
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, U.K
| | - Kaixin Zhou
- Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, U.K
| | - Roger Tavendale
- Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, U.K
| | - Colin N A Palmer
- Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, U.K
| | - Ewan R Pearson
- Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, U.K.
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225
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Hemmings SMJ, Martin LI, van der Merwe L, Benecke R, Domschke K, Seedat S. Serotonin transporter variants play a role in anxiety sensitivity in South African adolescents. World J Biol Psychiatry 2016; 17:66-75. [PMID: 26635248 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2015.1102324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Anxiety sensitivity (AS) has predictive potential for the development of anxiety disorders. We investigated the role that gene-environment (G × E) interactions, focussing on childhood trauma (CT) and selected SLC6A4 variants, play in modulating levels of AS in a South African adolescent population. METHODS All adolescents (n = 951) completed measures for AS and CT. Six SLC6A4 polymorphisms were genotyped. G × E influences on AS levels were assessed using multiple linear regression models. Relevant confounders were included in all analyses. RESULTS Xhosa (n = 634) and Coloured (n = 317) participants were analysed independently of one another. The 5-HTTLPR-rs25531 L-G haplotype associated with reduced AS among Xhosa adolescents (P = 0.010). In addition, the rs1042173 CC-genotype protected against increased levels of AS in Xhosa participants who had experienced increased levels of CT (P = 0.038). Coloured males homozygous for the S-allele had significantly increased levels of AS compared to Coloured males with at least one L-allele (P = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to be conducted on AS in adolescents from two ethnically diverse populations. Results indicate that the L-G haplotype confers protection against high AS levels in a Xhosa population. Furthermore, increased CT was found to protect against high levels of AS in Xhosa rs1042173 CC-carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sian M J Hemmings
- a Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Stellenbosch University , Tygerberg , South Africa
| | - Lindi I Martin
- a Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Stellenbosch University , Tygerberg , South Africa
| | - Lize van der Merwe
- b Department of Statistics , University of the Western Cape , Bellville , South Africa
| | - Rohan Benecke
- c Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Stellenbosch University , Tygerberg , South Africa
| | - Katharina Domschke
- d Department of Psychiatry , University of Wuerzburg , Wuerzburg , Germany
| | - Soraya Seedat
- a Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Stellenbosch University , Tygerberg , South Africa
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226
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Koss KJ, Cummings EM, Davies PT, Hetzel S, Cicchetti D. Harsh Parenting and Serotonin Transporter and BDNF Val66Met Polymorphisms as Predictors of Adolescent Depressive Symptoms. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 47:S205-S218. [PMID: 27736236 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2016.1220311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Depressive symptoms are prevalent and rise during adolescence. The present study is a prospective investigation of environmental and genetic factors that contribute to the growth in depressive symptoms and the frequency of heightened symptoms during adolescence. Participants included 206 mother-father-adolescent triads (M age at Time 1 = 13.06 years, SD = .51, 52% female). Harsh parenting was observationally assessed during a family conflict paradigm. DNA was extracted from saliva samples and genotyped for the 5-HTTLPR and BDNF Val66Met polymorphisms. Adolescents provide self-reports of depressive symptoms annually across early adolescence. The results reveal Gene × Environment interactions as predictors of adolescent depressive symptom trajectories in the context of harsh parenting as an environmental risk factor. A BDNF Val66Met × Harsh Parenting interaction predicted the rise in depressive symptoms across a 3-year period, whereas a 5-HTTLPR × Harsh Parenting interaction predicted greater frequency in elevated depressive symptoms. The findings highlight the importance of unique genetic and environmental influences in the development and course of heightened depressive symptoms during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalsea J Koss
- a Department of Psychology and Human Development , Vanderbilt University
| | | | | | - Susan Hetzel
- d Institute of Child Development , University of Minnesota
| | - Dante Cicchetti
- d Institute of Child Development , University of Minnesota.,e Mt. Hope Family Center , University of Rochester
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227
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Jin DC, Cao HL, Xu MQ, Wang SN, Wang YM, Yan F, Wang BM. Regulation of the serotonin transporter in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:8137-8148. [PMID: 27688655 PMCID: PMC5037082 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i36.8137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) and the serotonin transporter (SERT) have earned a tremendous amount of attention regarding the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Considering that enteric 5-HT is responsible for the secretion, motility and perception of the bowel, the involvement of altered enteric 5-HT metabolism in the pathogenesis of IBS has been elucidated. Higher 5-HT availability is commonly associated with depressed SERT mRNA in patients with IBS compared with healthy controls. The expression difference of SERT between IBS patients and healthy controls might suggest that SERT plays an essential role in IBS pathogenesis, and SERT was expected to be a novel therapeutic target for IBS. Progress in this area has begun to illuminate the complex regulatory mechanisms of SERT in the etiology of IBS. In this article, current insights regarding the regulation of SERT in IBS are provided, including aspects of SERT gene polymorphisms, microRNAs, immunity and inflammation, gut microbiota, growth factors, among others. Potential SERT-directed therapies for IBS are also described. The potential regulators of SERT are of clinical importance and are important for better understanding IBS pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies.
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228
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Alexander J, Potamianou H, Xing J, Deng L, Karagiannidis I, Tsetsos F, Drineas P, Tarnok Z, Rizzo R, Wolanczyk T, Farkas L, Nagy P, Szymanska U, Androutsos C, Tsironi V, Koumoula A, Barta C, Sandor P, Barr CL, Tischfield J, Paschou P, Heiman GA, Georgitsi M. Targeted Re-Sequencing Approach of Candidate Genes Implicates Rare Potentially Functional Variants in Tourette Syndrome Etiology. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:428. [PMID: 27708560 PMCID: PMC5030307 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the genetic basis of Tourette Syndrome (TS) remains unclear, several candidate genes have been implicated. Using a set of 382 TS individuals of European ancestry we investigated four candidate genes for TS (HDC, SLITRK1, BTBD9, and SLC6A4) in an effort to identify possibly causal variants using a targeted re-sequencing approach by next generation sequencing technology. Identification of possible disease causing variants under different modes of inheritance was performed using the algorithms implemented in VAAST. We prioritized variants using Variant ranker and validated five rare variants via Sanger sequencing in HDC and SLITRK1, all of which are predicted to be deleterious. Intriguingly, one of the identified variants is in linkage disequilibrium with a variant that is included among the top hits of a genome-wide association study for response to citalopram treatment, an antidepressant drug with off-label use also in obsessive compulsive disorder. Our findings provide additional evidence for the implication of these two genes in TS susceptibility and the possible role of these proteins in the pathobiology of TS should be revisited.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Alexander
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace Alexandroupoli, Greece
| | - Hera Potamianou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace Alexandroupoli, Greece
| | - Jinchuan Xing
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscataway, NJ, USA; Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscataway, NJ, USA; Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Iordanis Karagiannidis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace Alexandroupoli, Greece
| | - Fotis Tsetsos
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace Alexandroupoli, Greece
| | - Petros Drineas
- Computer Science Department, Purdue University West Lafayette, USA
| | - Zsanett Tarnok
- Vadaskert Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Budapest, Hungary
| | - Renata Rizzo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania Catania, Italy
| | - Tomasz Wolanczyk
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw, Poland
| | - Luca Farkas
- Vadaskert Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Nagy
- Vadaskert Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Budapest, Hungary
| | - Urszula Szymanska
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw, Poland
| | - Christos Androutsos
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic, Sismanoglio General Hospital of Attica Athens, Greece
| | - Vaia Tsironi
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic, Sismanoglio General Hospital of Attica Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Koumoula
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic, Sismanoglio General Hospital of Attica Athens, Greece
| | - Csaba Barta
- Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Institute of Medical Chemistry, Semmelweis University Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Paul Sandor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cathy L Barr
- Genetics and Development Division, Krembil Research Institute, University Health NetworkToronto, ON, Canada; Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick ChildrenToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jay Tischfield
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscataway, NJ, USA; Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Peristera Paschou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace Alexandroupoli, Greece
| | - Gary A Heiman
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscataway, NJ, USA; Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Marianthi Georgitsi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of ThraceAlexandroupoli, Greece; Laboratory of General Biology, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki, Greece
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229
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Stressing over anxiety: A novel interaction of 5-HTTPLR genotype and anxiety-related phenotypes in older adults. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 71:36-42. [PMID: 27235638 PMCID: PMC4955748 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Variation within the serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTPLR) contributes to individual differences in trait neuroticism and increases risk for the development of psychopathology in the context of stressful life events. The underlying mechanisms may involve dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the release of stress-related hormones. Yet, observed effects are small, possibly because they occur against the background of many other, mostly unknown, genetic and environmental variables. In this study, we removed much of the variance contributed by such background factors by including complex trait and behavioral measures in our analyses, to isolate the unique contributions of 5-HTTLPR genotype to cortisol baseline, reactivity, and recovery during the Trier Social Stress Test. We recruited 82 community-dwelling older adults (55 and older), an under-studied population, and measured salivary cortisol levels at baseline and following the TSST. As a comparison group we also recruited 88 younger adults (males only, 18-51 years old). Neuroticism, trait anxiety, perceived stress levels, and early childhood trauma experiences were measured using self-report questionnaires. An exploratory factor analysis revealed a latent anxiety trait. Cortisol baseline levels were significantly elevated in older adult S-allele carriers (but not in LL-homozygotes) who scored higher on the latent anxiety trait, relative to S-allele carriers. No such differences were found among younger adults, nor amongst measures obtained during the reactivity or recovery periods. These results highlight the utility of taking into account background variables that may otherwise obscure associations between genetic variables and endophenotypes.
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230
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Oo KZ, Aung YK, Jenkins MA, Win AK. Associations of 5HTTLPR polymorphism with major depressive disorder and alcohol dependence: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2016; 50:842-57. [PMID: 26979101 DOI: 10.1177/0004867416637920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The neurotransmitter serotonin is understood to control mood and drug response. Carrying a genetic variant in the serotonin transporter gene (5HTT) may increase the risk of major depressive disorder and alcohol dependence. Previous estimates of the association of the S allele of 5HTTLPR polymorphism with major depressive disorder and alcohol dependence have been inconsistent. METHODS For the systematic review, we used PubMed MEDLINE and Discovery of The University of Melbourne to search for all relevant case-control studies investigating the associations of 5HTTLPR polymorphism with major depressive disorder and alcohol dependence. Summary odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. To investigate whether year of publication, study population or diagnostic criteria used were potential sources of heterogeneity, we performed meta-regression analyses. Publication bias was assessed using Funnel plots and Egger's statistical tests. RESULTS We included 23 studies of major depressive disorder without alcohol dependence containing 3392 cases and 5093 controls, and 11 studies of alcohol dependence without major depressive disorder containing 2079 cases and 2273 controls. The summary OR for homozygote carriers of the S allele of 5HTTLPR polymorphism compared with heterozygote and non-carriers combined (SS vs SL+LL genotype) was 1.33 (95% CI = [1.19, 1.48]) for major depressive disorder and 1.18 (95% CI = [1.01, 1.38]) for alcohol dependence. The summary OR per S allele of 5HTTLPR polymorphism was 1.16 (95% CI = [1.08, 1.23]) for major depressive disorder and 1.12 (95% CI = [1.01, 1.23]) for alcohol dependence. Meta-regression models showed that the associations did not substantially change after adjusting for year of publication, study population and diagnostic criteria used. There was no evidence for publication bias of the studies included in our meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis confirms that individuals with the homozygous S allele of 5HTTLPR polymorphism are at increased risks of major depressive disorder as well as alcohol dependence. Further studies are required to investigate the association between 5HTTLPR polymorphism and the comorbidity of major depressive disorder and alcohol dependence as well as gene × environmental interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khine Zin Oo
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia The Park-Centre for Mental Health, Treatment, Research and Education, Wacol, QLD, Australia
| | - Ye Kyaw Aung
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark A Jenkins
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Aung Ko Win
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
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231
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van der Meer D, Hoekstra PJ, Bralten J, van Donkelaar M, Heslenfeld DJ, Oosterlaan J, Faraone SV, Franke B, Buitelaar JK, Hartman CA. Interplay between stress response genes associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and brain volume. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2016; 15:627-36. [PMID: 27391809 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor plays a pivotal role in the brain's response to stress; a haplotype of functional polymorphisms in the NR3C1 gene encoding this receptor has been associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene polymorphism 5-HTTLPR is known to influence the relation between stress exposure and ADHD severity, which may be partly because of its reported effects on glucocorticoid levels. We therefore investigated if NR3C1 moderates the relation of stress exposure with ADHD severity and brain structure, and the potential role of 5-HTTLPR. Neuroimaging, genetic and stress exposure questionnaire data were available for 539 adolescents and young adults participating in the multicenter ADHD cohort study NeuroIMAGE (average age: 17.2 years). We estimated the effects of genetic variation in NR3C1 and 5-HTT, stress exposure and their interactions on ADHD symptom count and gray matter volume. We found that individuals carrying the ADHD risk haplotype of NR3C1 showed significantly more positive relation between stress exposure and ADHD severity than non-carriers. This gene-environment interaction was significantly stronger for 5-HTTLPR L-allele homozygotes than for S-allele carriers. These two- and three-way interactions were reflected in the gray matter volume of the cerebellum, parahippocampal gyrus, intracalcarine cortex and angular gyrus. Our findings illustrate how genetic variation in the stress response pathway may influence the effects of stress exposure on ADHD severity and brain structure. The reported interplay between NR3C1 and 5-HTT may further explain some of the heterogeneity between studies regarding the role of these genes and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D van der Meer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands. .,Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - P J Hoekstra
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - J Bralten
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - M van Donkelaar
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - D J Heslenfeld
- Clinical Neuropsychology Section, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J Oosterlaan
- Clinical Neuropsychology Section, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S V Faraone
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,K.G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - B Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - J K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre.,Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - C A Hartman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Converging findings from linkage and association analyses on susceptibility genes for smoking and other addictions. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:992-1008. [PMID: 27166759 PMCID: PMC4956568 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Experimental approaches to genetic studies of complex traits evolve with technological advances. How do discoveries using different approaches advance our knowledge of the genetic architecture underlying complex diseases/traits? Do most of the findings of newer techniques, such as genome-wide association study (GWAS), provide more information than older ones, for example, genome-wide linkage study? In this review, we address these issues by developing a nicotine dependence (ND) genetic susceptibility map based on the results obtained by the approaches commonly used in recent years, namely, genome-wide linkage, candidate gene association, GWAS and targeted sequencing. Converging and diverging results from these empirical approaches have elucidated a preliminary genetic architecture of this intractable psychiatric disorder and yielded new hypotheses on ND etiology. The insights we obtained by putting together results from diverse approaches can be applied to other complex diseases/traits. In sum, developing a genetic susceptibility map and keeping it updated are effective ways to keep track of what we know about a disease/trait and what the next steps may be with new approaches.
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Santangelo AM, Ito M, Shiba Y, Clarke HF, Schut EHS, Cockcroft G, Ferguson-Smith AC, Roberts AC. Novel Primate Model of Serotonin Transporter Genetic Polymorphisms Associated with Gene Expression, Anxiety and Sensitivity to Antidepressants. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:2366-76. [PMID: 26997299 PMCID: PMC4946067 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms in the repeat upstream region of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) are associated with individual differences in stress reactivity, vulnerability to affective disorders, and response to pharmacotherapy. However, the molecular, neurodevelopmental and psychopharmacological mechanisms underlying the link between SLC6A4 polymorphisms and the emotionally vulnerable phenotype are not fully understood. Thus, using the marmoset monkey Callithrix jacchus we characterize here a new neurobiological model to help to address these questions. We first sequenced the marmoset SLC6A4 promoter and identified a double nucleotide polymorphism (-2053AC/CT) and two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (-2022C/T and -1592G/C) within the repeat upstream region. We showed their association with gene expression using in vivo quantitative PCR and with affective behavior using a primate test of anxiety (human intruder test). The low-expressing haplotype (AC/C/G) was linked with high anxiety while the high-expressing one (CT/T/C) was associated with an active coping strategy in response to threat. Pharmacological challenge with an acute dose of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, citalopram, revealed a genotype-dependent behavioral response. While individuals homozygous for the high anxiety-related haplotype AC/C/G exhibited a dose-dependent, anxiogenic response, individuals homozygous for the low anxiety-related haplotype CT/T/C showed an opposing, dose-dependent anxiolytic effect. These findings provide a novel genetic and behavioral primate model to study the molecular, neurodevelopmental, and psychopharmacological mechanisms that underlie genetic variation-associated complex behaviors, with specific implications for the understanding of normal and abnormal serotonin actions and the development of personalized pharmacological treatments for psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Santangelo
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK, Tel: +44 1223 339 012, Fax: +44 1223 339 014, E-mail:
| | - Mitsuteru Ito
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yoshiro Shiba
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hannah F Clarke
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Evelien HS Schut
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gemma Cockcroft
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Angela C Roberts
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Enge S, Fleischhauer M, Gärtner A, Reif A, Lesch KP, Kliegel M, Strobel A. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (Val66Met) and Serotonin Transporter (5-HTTLPR) Polymorphisms Modulate Plasticity in Inhibitory Control Performance Over Time but Independent of Inhibitory Control Training. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:370. [PMID: 27524961 PMCID: PMC4966207 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies reported training-induced improvements in executive function tasks and also observed transfer to untrained tasks. However, the results are mixed and there is a large interindividual variability within and across studies. Given that training-related performance changes would require modification, growth or differentiation at the cellular and synaptic level in the brain, research on critical moderators of brain plasticity potentially explaining such changes is needed. In the present study, a pre-post-follow-up design (N = 122) and a 3-weeks training of two response inhibition tasks (Go/NoGo and Stop-Signal) was employed and genetic variation (Val66Met) in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promoting differentiation and activity-dependent synaptic plasticity was examined. Because Serotonin (5-HT) signaling and the interplay of BDNF and 5-HT are known to critically mediate brain plasticity, genetic variation in the 5-HTT gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) was also addressed. The overall results show that the kind of training (i.e., adaptive vs. non-adaptive) did not evoke genotype-dependent differences. However, in the Go/NoGo task, better inhibition performance (lower commission errors) were observed for BDNF Val/Val genotype carriers compared to Met-allele ones supporting similar findings from other cognitive tasks. Additionally, a gene-gene interaction suggests a more impulsive response pattern (faster responses accompanied by higher commission error rates) in homozygous l-allele carriers relative to those with the s-allele of 5-HTTLPR. This, however, is true only in the presence of the Met-allele of BDNF, while the Val/Val genotype seems to compensate for such non-adaptive responding. Intriguingly, similar results were obtained for the Stop-Signal task. Here, differences emerged at post-testing, while no differences were observed at T1. In sum, although no genotype-dependent differences between the relevant training groups emerged suggesting no changes in the trained inhibition function, the observed genotype-dependent performance changes from pre- to post measurement may reflect rapid learning or memory effects linked to BDNF and 5-HTTLPR. In line with ample evidence on BDNF and BDNF-5-HT system interactions to induce (rapid) plasticity especially in hippocampal regions and in response to environmental demands, the findings may reflect genotype-dependent differences in the acquisition and consolidation of task-relevant information, thereby facilitating a more adaptive responding to task-specific requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Enge
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universität DresdenDresden, Germany
| | - Monika Fleischhauer
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universität DresdenDresden, Germany
- Department of Psychology, PFH Private Hochschule GöttingenGöttingen, Germany
| | - Anne Gärtner
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universität DresdenDresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital FrankfurtFrankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University of WuerzburgWuerzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kliegel
- Department of Psychology, University of GenevaGeneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Strobel
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universität DresdenDresden, Germany
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Prenatal maternal depression and child serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) and dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) genotype predict negative emotionality from 3 to 36 months. Dev Psychopathol 2016; 29:901-917. [PMID: 27427178 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579416000560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal maternal depression and a multilocus genetic profile of two susceptibility genes implicated in the stress response were examined in an interaction model predicting negative emotionality in the first 3 years. In 179 mother-infant dyads from the Maternal Adversity, Vulnerability, and Neurodevelopment cohort, prenatal depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depressions Scale) was assessed at 24 to 36 weeks. The multilocus genetic profile score consisted of the number of susceptibility alleles from the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region gene (5-HTTLPR): no long-rs25531(A) (LA: short/short, short/long-rs25531(G) [LG], or LG/LG] vs. any LA) and the dopamine receptor D4 gene (six to eight repeats vs. two to five repeats). Negative emotionality was extracted from the Infant Behaviour Questionnaire-Revised at 3 and 6 months and the Early Child Behavior Questionnaire at 18 and 36 months. Mixed and confirmatory regression analyses indicated that prenatal depression and the multilocus genetic profile interacted to predict negative emotionality from 3 to 36 months. The results were characterized by a differential susceptibility model at 3 and 6 months and by a diathesis-stress model at 36 months.
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236
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Extremely low birth weight babies grown up: Gene-environment interaction predicts internalizing problems in the third and fourth decades of life. Dev Psychopathol 2016; 29:837-843. [PMID: 27416920 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579416000511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Extremely low birth weight (ELBW; <1000 g) infants have been exposed to stressful intrauterine and early postnatal environments. Even greater early adversity has been experienced by ELBW survivors who were also born small for gestational age (SGA; <10th percentile for GA) compared to those born appropriate for GA (AGA). ELBW survivors, particularly those born SGA, face increased risk for internalizing problems compared to normal BW (NBW; ≥2500 g) controls. Internalizing problems are related to allelic variations in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region gene (5-HTTLPR). We followed the oldest longitudinal cohort of ELBW survivors to adulthood. Participants provided buccal cells and reported on internalizing problems, using the Young Adult Self-Report when they were in their mid-20s (ELBW/SGA, N = 28; ELBW/AGA, N = 60; NBW, N = 81) and mid-30s (ELBW/SGA, N = 27; ELBW/AGA, N = 58; NBW, N = 76). The findings indicate that ELBW/SGAs carrying the 5-HTTLPR short allele reported increased internalizing problems, particularly depression, during the third and fourth decades of life. This is the first known report on gene-environment interactions predicting psychopathology among ELBW survivors. Our findings elucidate putative neurobiological pathways that underlie risk for psychopathology.
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Plemenitas A, Kastelic M, o Porcelli S, Serretti A, Dolžan V, Kores Plesnicar B. Alcohol Dependence and Genetic Variability in the Serotonin Pathway among Currently and Formerly Alcohol-Dependent Males. Neuropsychobiology 2016; 72:57-64. [PMID: 26352193 DOI: 10.1159/000437432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genes involved in the serotonin pathway may determine the susceptibility to alcohol dependence and its severity. The present study explored whether specific polymorphisms in the serotonin pathway could be associated with alcohol dependence or alcohol-related psychopathological symptoms. METHODS The cohort comprised 101 currently and 100 formerly alcohol-dependent males, as well as 97 male healthy blood donors. The following questionnaires were employed: the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, the Zung Depression and Anxiety Scale, the Brief Social Phobia Scale, the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale and Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale, and the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory. Subjects were genotyped for bi- and triallelic SLC6A4 5-HTTLPR,HTR1A rs6295, and HTR1B rs13212041. RESULTS Statistical differences in bi- and triallelic SLC6A4 5-HTTLPR genotype distribution were observed between the 3 groups investigated (p = 0.008 and p = 0.023, respectively); however, no gene-dose effect was observed. The severity of the alcohol problems was higher in currently alcohol-dependent subjects with the 5-HTTLPR LL (p = 0.039) and L′L′ genotypes (p = 0.027). Formerly dependent subjects with the 5-HTTLPR S′S′ genotype showed more social anxiety, depressive, and anxiety traits (p = 0.009, p = 0.006, and p = 0.036, respectively). Healthy controls with the 5-HTTLPR SS genotype showed more traits of social anxiety (p = 0.020). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that bi- and triallelic SLC6A4 5-HTTLPR has some effects on the severity of alcohol dependence. Triallelic 5-HTTLPR was associated with social anxiety, anxiety, and depressive traits in alcohol-dependent subjects.
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Karagiannidis I, Tsetsos F, Padmanabhuni SS, Alexander J, Georgitsi M, Paschou P. The Genetics of Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome: a Common Aetiological Basis with Comorbid Disorders? Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40473-016-0088-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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239
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Warburton A, Breen G, Bubb VJ, Quinn JP. A GWAS SNP for Schizophrenia Is Linked to the Internal MIR137 Promoter and Supports Differential Allele-Specific Expression. Schizophr Bull 2016; 42:1003-8. [PMID: 26429811 PMCID: PMC4903043 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbv144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the MIR137 gene locus have been shown to confer risk for schizophrenia through genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The expression levels of microRNA-137 (miR-137) and its validated gene targets have also been shown to be disrupted in several neuropsychiatric conditions, including schizophrenia. Regulation of miR-137 expression is thus imperative for normal neuronal functioning. We previously characterized an internal promoter domain within the MIR137 gene that contained a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism and could alter the in vitro levels of miR-137 in a stimulus-induced and allele-specific manner. We now demonstrate that haplotype tagging-SNP analysis linked the rs1625579 GWAS SNP for schizophrenia to this internal MIR137 promoter through a proxy SNP rs2660304 located at this domain. We postulated that the rs2660304 promoter SNP may act as predisposing factor for schizophrenia through altering the levels of miR-137 expression in a genotype-dependent manner. Reporter gene analysis of the internal MIR137 promoter containing the common VNTR variant demonstrated genotype-dependent differences in promoter activity with respect to rs2660304. In line with previous reports, the major allele of the rs2660304 proxy SNP, which has previously been linked with schizophrenia risk through genetic association, resulted in downregulation of reporter gene expression in a tissue culture model. The genetic influence of the rs2660304 proxy SNP on the transcriptional activity of the internal MIR137 promoter, and thus the levels of miR-137 expression, therefore offers a distinct regulatory mechanism to explain the functional significance of the rs1625579 GWAS SNP for schizophrenia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alix Warburton
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gerome Breen
- MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK;,Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Vivien J. Bubb
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - John P. Quinn
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK;,*To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, The University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; tel: 0151-794-5498, fax: 0151-794-5517, e-mail:
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240
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Huang Y, Zhang X, Gao J, Tang D, Gao P, Li C, Liu W, Liang C. Biallelic and Triallelic 5-Hydroxytyramine Transporter Gene-Linked Polymorphic Region (5- HTTLPR) Polymorphisms and Their Relationship with Lifelong Premature Ejaculation: A Case-Control Study in a Chinese Population. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:2066-74. [PMID: 27311544 PMCID: PMC4920104 DOI: 10.12659/msm.896768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to explore the relationship between premature ejaculation (PE) and the serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) with respect to the biallelic and triallelic classifications. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 115 outpatients who complained of ejaculating prematurely and who were diagnosed as having lifelong premature ejaculation (LPE) and 101 controls without PE complaint were recruited. All subjects completed a detailed questionnaire and were genotyped for 5-HTTLPR polymorphism using PCR-based technology. We evaluated the associations between 5-HTTLPR allelic and genotypic frequencies and their association with LPE, as well as the intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) of different 5-HTTLPR genotypes among LPE patients. RESULTS The patients and controls did not differ significantly in terms of any characteristic except age. The results showed no significant difference regarding biallelic 5-HTTLPR. According to the triallelic classification, no significant difference was found when comparing the genotypic distribution (P=0.091). However, the distribution of the S, LG, and LA alleles in the cases was significantly different from the controls (P=0.018). We found a significantly lower frequency of LA allele and higher frequency of LG allele in patients. Based on another classification by expression, we found a significantly lower frequency of the L'L' genotype (OR=0.37; 95%CI=0.15-0.91, P=0.025) in patients with LPE. No significant association was detected between IELT of LPE and different genotypes. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to the general classification based on S/L alleles, triallelic 5-HTTLPR was associated with LPE. Triallelic 5-HTTLPR may be a promising field for genetic research in PE to avoid false-negative results in future studies.
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241
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Mattina GF, Steiner M. The need for inclusion of sex and age of onset variables in genetic association studies of obsessive-compulsive disorder: Overview. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 67:107-16. [PMID: 26827635 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a heterogeneous mental disorder that significantly impairs an individual's functioning. The candidate gene approach has proven to be a useful tool in investigating potential risk genes for OCD, but genetic studies have been largely inconclusive. Etiologically distinct forms of obsessive-compulsive disorder based on sex and age of onset have been identified, yet many genetic studies fail to examine the association by these subtypes. Due to the sexually dimorphic nature of the disorder, positive associations have been found with OCD in males only, suggesting the potential for identifying risk genes that contribute to OCD in women, such as perinatal OCD. This review includes a brief overview of the disorder and its subtypes, with a current update on candidate genes that may contribute to OCD using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genome wide association studies (GWAS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Francesca Mattina
- MiNDS Neuroscience, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3K7, Canada
| | - Meir Steiner
- MiNDS Neuroscience, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3K7, Canada; Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, St. Joseph's Healthcare, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON L8N 3K7, Canada.
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242
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Solmi M, Gallicchio D, Collantoni E, Correll CU, Clementi M, Pinato C, Forzan M, Cassina M, Fontana F, Giannunzio V, Piva I, Siani R, Salvo P, Santonastaso P, Tenconi E, Veronese N, Favaro A. Serotonin transporter gene polymorphism in eating disorders: Data from a new biobank and META-analysis of previous studies. World J Biol Psychiatry 2016; 17:244-57. [PMID: 26895183 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2015.1126675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Objectives Growing interest focuses on the association between 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and eating disorders (ED), but published findings have been conflicting. Methods The Italian BIO.VE.D.A. biobank provided 976 samples (735 ED patients and 241 controls) for genotyping. We conducted a literature search of studies published up to 1 April 2015, including studies reporting on 5HTTLPR genotype and allele frequencies in obesity and/or ED. We ran a meta-analysis, including data from BIO.VE.D.A. - comparing low and high-functioning genotype and allele frequencies in ED vs. CONTROLS Results Data from 21 studies, plus BIO.VE.D.A., were extracted providing information from 3,736 patients and 2,707 controls. Neither low- nor high-functioning genotype frequencies in ED patients, with both bi- and tri-allelic models, differed from controls. Furthermore, neither low- nor high-functioning allele frequencies in ED or in BN, in both bi- and triallelic models, differed from control groups. After sensitivity analysis, results were the same in AN vs. CONTROLS Results remained unaltered when investigating recessive and dominant models. Conclusions 5HTTLPR does not seem to be associated with ED in general, or with AN or BN in particular. Future studies in ED should explore the role of ethnicity and psychiatric comorbidity as a possible source of bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Solmi
- a BIO.VE.D.A. Group (BIObanca VEneta per I Disturbi Dell'alimentazione: Biobank of the Veneto Region Eating Disorders Units) , Veneto Region , Italy ;,g Department of Neuroscience , University of Padova , Italy
| | - D Gallicchio
- a BIO.VE.D.A. Group (BIObanca VEneta per I Disturbi Dell'alimentazione: Biobank of the Veneto Region Eating Disorders Units) , Veneto Region , Italy ;,g Department of Neuroscience , University of Padova , Italy
| | - E Collantoni
- a BIO.VE.D.A. Group (BIObanca VEneta per I Disturbi Dell'alimentazione: Biobank of the Veneto Region Eating Disorders Units) , Veneto Region , Italy ;,g Department of Neuroscience , University of Padova , Italy
| | - C U Correll
- c The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Psychiatry Research, NorthShore - Long Island Jewish Health System , Glen Oaks , New York , USA ;,d Hofstra North Shore LIJ School of Medicine , Hempstead , New York , USA ;,e The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research , Manhasset , New York , USA ;,f Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , New York , USA
| | - M Clementi
- h Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health , University of Padova
| | - C Pinato
- h Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health , University of Padova
| | - M Forzan
- h Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health , University of Padova
| | - M Cassina
- h Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health , University of Padova
| | - F Fontana
- a BIO.VE.D.A. Group (BIObanca VEneta per I Disturbi Dell'alimentazione: Biobank of the Veneto Region Eating Disorders Units) , Veneto Region , Italy
| | - V Giannunzio
- a BIO.VE.D.A. Group (BIObanca VEneta per I Disturbi Dell'alimentazione: Biobank of the Veneto Region Eating Disorders Units) , Veneto Region , Italy ;,g Department of Neuroscience , University of Padova , Italy
| | - I Piva
- a BIO.VE.D.A. Group (BIObanca VEneta per I Disturbi Dell'alimentazione: Biobank of the Veneto Region Eating Disorders Units) , Veneto Region , Italy
| | - R Siani
- a BIO.VE.D.A. Group (BIObanca VEneta per I Disturbi Dell'alimentazione: Biobank of the Veneto Region Eating Disorders Units) , Veneto Region , Italy
| | - P Salvo
- a BIO.VE.D.A. Group (BIObanca VEneta per I Disturbi Dell'alimentazione: Biobank of the Veneto Region Eating Disorders Units) , Veneto Region , Italy
| | - P Santonastaso
- a BIO.VE.D.A. Group (BIObanca VEneta per I Disturbi Dell'alimentazione: Biobank of the Veneto Region Eating Disorders Units) , Veneto Region , Italy ;,g Department of Neuroscience , University of Padova , Italy ;,i Centro Neuroscience Cognitive (CNC), University of Padova , Italy
| | - E Tenconi
- a BIO.VE.D.A. Group (BIObanca VEneta per I Disturbi Dell'alimentazione: Biobank of the Veneto Region Eating Disorders Units) , Veneto Region , Italy ;,g Department of Neuroscience , University of Padova , Italy ;,i Centro Neuroscience Cognitive (CNC), University of Padova , Italy
| | - N Veronese
- b Department of Medicine- DIMED , Geriatrics Section, University of Padova , Italy
| | - A Favaro
- a BIO.VE.D.A. Group (BIObanca VEneta per I Disturbi Dell'alimentazione: Biobank of the Veneto Region Eating Disorders Units) , Veneto Region , Italy ;,g Department of Neuroscience , University of Padova , Italy ;,i Centro Neuroscience Cognitive (CNC), University of Padova , Italy
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Hildebrandt A, Kiy A, Reuter M, Sommer W, Wilhelm O. Face and emotion expression processing and the serotonin transporter polymorphism 5-HTTLPR/rs22531. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2016; 15:453-64. [PMID: 27079569 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Face cognition, including face identity and facial expression processing, is a crucial component of socio-emotional abilities, characterizing humans as highest developed social beings. However, for these trait domains molecular genetic studies investigating gene-behavior associations based on well-founded phenotype definitions are still rare. We examined the relationship between 5-HTTLPR/rs25531 polymorphisms - related to serotonin-reuptake - and the ability to perceive and recognize faces and emotional expressions in human faces. For this aim we conducted structural equation modeling on data from 230 young adults, obtained by using a comprehensive, multivariate task battery with maximal effort tasks. By additionally modeling fluid intelligence and immediate and delayed memory factors, we aimed to address the discriminant relationships of the 5-HTTLPR/rs25531 polymorphisms with socio-emotional abilities. We found a robust association between the 5-HTTLPR/rs25531 polymorphism and facial emotion perception. Carriers of two long (L) alleles outperformed carriers of one or two S alleles. Weaker associations were present for face identity perception and memory for emotional facial expressions. There was no association between the 5-HTTLPR/rs25531 polymorphism and non-social abilities, demonstrating discriminant validity of the relationships. We discuss the implications and possible neural mechanisms underlying these novel findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hildebrandt
- Department of Psychology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald
| | - A Kiy
- Department of Psychology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald
| | - M Reuter
- Department of Psychology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.,Center for Economics & Neuroscience (CENs), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Bonn
| | - W Sommer
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
| | - O Wilhelm
- Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Germany
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Gorodetsky E, Carli V, Sarchiapone M, Roy A, Goldman D, Enoch MA. Predictors for self-directed aggression in Italian prisoners include externalizing behaviors, childhood trauma and the serotonin transporter gene polymorphism 5-HTTLPR. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2016; 15:465-73. [PMID: 27062586 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Suicidal behavior and self-mutilation can be regarded as the expression of self-directed aggression and both are common in prison populations. We investigated the influence of externalizing behaviors, depressive symptoms, childhood trauma, 5-HTTLPR variants on self-directed aggression (N = 145) in a group of 702 male Italian prisoners. Participants were comprehensively evaluated, including for psychiatric disorders, impulsive traits, lifetime aggressive behavior [Brown-Goodwin Lifetime History of Aggression (BGHA)], hostility, violent behavior during incarceration, depressive symptomatology [Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS)], childhood trauma [Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ)]. Logistic regression analysis showed false discovery rate corrected independent main effects of externalizing behaviors: BGHA (P = 0.001), violent behavior in jail (P = 0.007), extraversion (P = 0.015); HDRS (P = 0.0004), Axis I disorders (P = 0.015), CTQ (P = 0.004) and 5-HTTLPR genotype (P = 0.02). Carriers of 5-HTTLPR high (LA LA ), intermediate (LA LG , SLA ) activity variants were more likely to have exhibited self-directed aggression relative to the low activity (LG LG , SLG , SS) variant: high/low: odds ratio (OR) = 2.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27-4.68, P = 0.007; intermediate/low: OR = 1.96, 95% CI 1.09-3.68, P = 0.025. The CTQ main effect was driven by physical abuse. There was no interactive effect of 5-HTTLPR and CTQ. Secondary logistic regression analyses in (1) all suicide attempters (N = 88) and (2) all self-mutilators (N = 104), compared with controls showed that in both groups, childhood trauma (P = 0.008-0.01), depression (P = 0.0004-0.001) were strong predictors. BGHA, violent behavior in jail predicted self-mutilation (P = 0.002) but not suicide attempts (P = 0.1). This study was able to distinguish differing influences on self-directed aggression between groups of closely related predictor variables within the externalizing behavioral domain. 5-HTTLPR had an independent, variant dosage effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gorodetsky
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - V Carli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.,National Center for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental Ill-Health (NASP), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Sarchiapone
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.,National Institute of Health for Migration and Poverty, Rome, Italy
| | - A Roy
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Psychiatry Service, East Orange, NJ, USA
| | - D Goldman
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - M-A Enoch
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
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245
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Schiele MA, Ziegler C, Holitschke K, Schartner C, Schmidt B, Weber H, Reif A, Romanos M, Pauli P, Zwanzger P, Deckert J, Domschke K. Influence of 5-HTT variation, childhood trauma and self-efficacy on anxiety traits: a gene-environment-coping interaction study. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2016; 123:895-904. [PMID: 27145764 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-016-1564-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Environmental vulnerability factors such as adverse childhood experiences in interaction with genetic risk variants, e.g., the serotonin transporter gene linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR), are assumed to play a role in the development of anxiety and affective disorders. However, positive influences such as general self-efficacy (GSE) may exert a compensatory effect on genetic disposition, environmental adversity, and anxiety traits. We, thus, assessed childhood trauma (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, CTQ) and GSE in 678 adults genotyped for 5-HTTLPR/rs25531 and their interaction on agoraphobic cognitions (Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire, ACQ), social anxiety (Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, LSAS), and trait anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI-T). The relationship between anxiety traits and childhood trauma was moderated by self-efficacy in 5-HTTLPR/rs25531 LALA genotype carriers: LALA probands maltreated as children showed high anxiety scores when self-efficacy was low, but low anxiety scores in the presence of high self-efficacy despite childhood maltreatment. Our results extend previous findings regarding anxiety-related traits showing an interactive relationship between 5-HTT genotype and adverse childhood experiences by suggesting coping-related measures to function as an additional dimension buffering the effects of a gene-environment risk constellation. Given that anxiety disorders manifest already early in childhood, this insight could contribute to the improvement of psychotherapeutic interventions by including measures strengthening self-efficacy and inform early targeted preventive interventions in at-risk populations, particularly within the crucial time window of childhood and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam A Schiele
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Füchsleinstrasse 15, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Psychology (Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christiane Ziegler
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Füchsleinstrasse 15, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Karoline Holitschke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christoph Schartner
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Füchsleinstrasse 15, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Schmidt
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Füchsleinstrasse 15, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heike Weber
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Füchsleinstrasse 15, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marcel Romanos
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Paul Pauli
- Department of Psychology (Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peter Zwanzger
- kbo-Inn-Salzach-Hospital, Wasserburg am Inn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry und Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Deckert
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Füchsleinstrasse 15, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Domschke
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Füchsleinstrasse 15, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
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246
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Psychopathic traits affect the visual exploration of facial expressions. Biol Psychol 2016; 117:194-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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247
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Steenbergen L, Jongkees BJ, Sellaro R, Colzato LS. Tryptophan supplementation modulates social behavior: A review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 64:346-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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248
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Hecht PM, Hudson M, Connors SL, Tilley MR, Liu X, Beversdorf DQ. Maternal serotonin transporter genotype affects risk for ASD with exposure to prenatal stress. Autism Res 2016; 9:1151-1160. [DOI: 10.1002/aur.1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M. Hecht
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Missouri; Columbia Missouri
- Thompson Center for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Missouri; Columbia Missouri
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Missouri; Columbia Missouri
| | - Melissa Hudson
- Department of Psychiatry; Queen's University; Ontario Canada
| | - Susan L. Connors
- Lurie Center for Autism, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Lexington Massachusetts
| | - Michael R. Tilley
- Department of Biological Sciences; Central Methodist University; Fulton Missouri
| | - Xudong Liu
- Department of Psychiatry; Queen's University; Ontario Canada
| | - David Q. Beversdorf
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Missouri; Columbia Missouri
- Thompson Center for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Missouri; Columbia Missouri
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Missouri; Columbia Missouri
- Departments of Psychological Sciences, Radiology, and Neurology; University of Missouri; Columbia Missouri
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249
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Taylor S. Disorder-specific genetic factors in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A comprehensive meta-analysis. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2016; 171B:325-32. [PMID: 26616111 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Much remains to be learned about the etiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Twin studies suggest that it arises from both disorder-specific and non-specific genetic factors. To understand the etiology of OCD per se, it is necessary to identify disorder-specific factors. Previous research shows that OCD is associated with serotonin-related polymorphisms (5-HTTLPR coded as triallelic and HTR2A rs6311/rs6313) and, in males, a polymorphism involved in catecholamine modulation; COMT (rs4680). The present study is the first comprehensive meta-analysis to investigate whether these polymorphisms are specific to OCD. A meta-analysis was conducted for genetic association studies of OCD or any other psychiatric disorder, published in any language, in any country. A total of 551 studies were examined, of which 290 were included, consisting of 47,358 cases and 68,942 controls from case control studies, and 2,443 trios from family based studies. The main meta-analysis was limited to those disorders in which there were at least five datasets (studies or sub-studies) per disorder. Results confirmed that OCD is associated with polymorphisms of 5-HTTLPR, HTR2A, and, in males only, COMT. These polymorphisms were not associated with almost all other forms of psychopathology, including unipolar mood disorders, bipolar disorder, panic disorder, schizophrenia, and alcohol dependence. OCD, compared to most other disorders, had a significantly stronger association with particular alleles of each of the polymorphisms. Results did not differ across ancestral groups (Asian vs. Caucasian), designs (case control vs. family based), or diagnostic systems. Results suggest that the polymorphisms investigated in this study are relatively specific to OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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250
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Tükel R, Alkaş E, Gürvit H, Aslantaş Ertekin B, Ertekin E, Baran B, Akça Kalem Ş, Saruhan Direskeneli G. Serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism is associated with executive function impairments in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder. Clin Neuropsychol 2016; 30:536-46. [PMID: 26986829 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2016.1162329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the present study, we investigate the association between the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and executive functions in a sample of patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). METHOD A total of 98 unmedicated patients diagnosed with OCD according to DSM-IV criteria and 80 healthy controls were included in this study. The genotype frequencies of 5-HTTLPR polymorphism were compared in OCD and healthy control groups. The four subgroups of OCD and healthy control participants, determined according to having LaLa genotype (high expressing) or S- and/or Lg alleles (low expressing), were also compared using neuropsychological tests of executive functions. RESULTS The frequency of SLa genotype of 5-HTTLPR polymorphism was found to be higher in patients with OCD compared with healthy controls. The mean scores of conceptual level responses of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) were significantly lower in the OCD-high-expressing subgroup compared with the low-expressing control group. The mean scores of the number of moves of the Tower of London were found to be significantly higher in the OCD-high-expressing subgroup, compared with the high-expressing subgroup of healthy controls. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the high-expressing variant may be associated with lower performance on some abstraction and planning measures in OCD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raşit Tükel
- a Department of Psychiatry , Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Elif Alkaş
- b Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Hakan Gürvit
- c Department of Neurology, Behavioral Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit , Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Banu Aslantaş Ertekin
- a Department of Psychiatry , Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Erhan Ertekin
- a Department of Psychiatry , Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Bengi Baran
- c Department of Neurology, Behavioral Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit , Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Şükriye Akça Kalem
- c Department of Neurology, Behavioral Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit , Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine , Istanbul , Turkey
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