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Mejía-Giraldo JC, Scaiano JC, Gallardo-Cabrera C, Puertas-Mejía MA. Photoprotection and Photostability of a New Lignin-Gelatin- Baccharis antioquensis-Based Hybrid Biomaterial. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1904. [PMID: 34943007 PMCID: PMC8750119 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a new hybrid biomaterial that could photo-stabilize and improve the photoprotective capacity of a Baccharis antioquensis extract. Different combinations of lignin/gelatin/natural extract were applied to prepare hybrid biomaterial nanoparticles (NPs), which were then incorporated into an emulsion. The in vitro photoprotection and photostability were evaluated. The methanolic extract showed high phenolic content (646.4 ± 9.5 mg GAE/g dry extract) and a DPPH radical assay revealed that the antiradical capacity of the extract (0.13 to 0.05 g extract/mmol DPPH) was even better than that of BHT. The particle size of the hybrid biomaterial ranged from 100 to 255 nm; a polydispersity index (PdI) between 0.416 and 0.788 is suitable for topical use in dermocosmetic products. The loading capacity of the extract ranged from 27.0 to 44.5%, and the nanoparticles (NPs) showed electrostatic stability in accordance with the zeta potential value. We found that the formulation based on lignin: extract (1:1 ratio) and gelatin: lignin: extract (0.5:0.5:1 ratio) demonstrated photoprotection qualities with a sun protection factor (SPF) ranging from 9.4 to 22.6. In addition, all the hybrid NP-formulations were time-stable with %SPFeff and %UVAPFeff greater than 80% after exposure to 2 h of radiation. These results suggest that the hybrid biopolymer-natural extract improved the photoprotection and photostability properties, as well as the antiradical capacity, of the B. antioquensis extract, and may be useful for trapping high polyphenol content from natural extracts, with potential application in cosmeceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C. Mejía-Giraldo
- Grupo de Investigación en Compuestos Funcionales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia;
- Grupo de Estabilidad de Medicamentos, Cosméticos y Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia;
| | - Juan C. Scaiano
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada;
| | - Cecilia Gallardo-Cabrera
- Grupo de Estabilidad de Medicamentos, Cosméticos y Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia;
| | - Miguel A. Puertas-Mejía
- Grupo de Investigación en Compuestos Funcionales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia;
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202
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Gonzalez-Melo C, Garcia-Brand AJ, Quezada V, Reyes LH, Muñoz-Camargo C, Cruz JC. Highly Efficient Synthesis of Type B Gelatin and Low Molecular Weight Chitosan Nanoparticles: Potential Applications as Bioactive Molecule Carriers and Cell-Penetrating Agents. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13234078. [PMID: 34883582 PMCID: PMC8659274 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gelatin and chitosan nanoparticles have been widely used in pharmaceutical, biomedical, and nanofood applications due to their high biocompatibility and biodegradability. This study proposed a highly efficient synthesis method for type B gelatin and low-molecular-weight (LMW) chitosan nanoparticles. Gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs) were synthesized by the double desolvation method and the chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) by the ionic gelation method. The sizes of the obtained CNPs and GNPs (373 ± 71 nm and 244 ± 67 nm, respectively) and zeta potential (+36.60 ± 3.25 mV and −13.42 ± 1.16 mV, respectively) were determined via dynamic light scattering. Morphology and size were verified utilizing SEM and TEM images. Finally, their biocompatibility was tested to assure their potential applicability as bioactive molecule carriers and cell-penetrating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Gonzalez-Melo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (C.G.-M.); (A.J.G.-B.); (V.Q.)
| | - Andres J. Garcia-Brand
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (C.G.-M.); (A.J.G.-B.); (V.Q.)
- Product and Process Design Group (GDPP), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Valentina Quezada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (C.G.-M.); (A.J.G.-B.); (V.Q.)
| | - Luis H. Reyes
- Product and Process Design Group (GDPP), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
- Correspondence: (L.H.R.); (C.M.-C.); (J.C.C.); Tel.: +57-1-339-4949 (ext. 1702) (L.H.R.); +57-1-339-4949 (ext. 1789) (C.M.-C. & J.C.C.)
| | - Carolina Muñoz-Camargo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (C.G.-M.); (A.J.G.-B.); (V.Q.)
- Correspondence: (L.H.R.); (C.M.-C.); (J.C.C.); Tel.: +57-1-339-4949 (ext. 1702) (L.H.R.); +57-1-339-4949 (ext. 1789) (C.M.-C. & J.C.C.)
| | - Juan C. Cruz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (C.G.-M.); (A.J.G.-B.); (V.Q.)
- Correspondence: (L.H.R.); (C.M.-C.); (J.C.C.); Tel.: +57-1-339-4949 (ext. 1702) (L.H.R.); +57-1-339-4949 (ext. 1789) (C.M.-C. & J.C.C.)
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203
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Frost OG, Owji N, Thorogate R, Kyriakidis C, Sawadkar P, Mordan N, Knowles JC, Lali F, Garcia-Gareta E. Cell morphology as a design parameter in the bioengineering of cell-biomaterial surface interactions. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:8032-8050. [PMID: 34723312 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01149a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Control of cell-surface interaction is necessary for biomaterial applications such as cell sheets, intelligent cell culture surfaces, or functional coatings. In this paper, we propose the emergent property of cell morphology as a design parameter in the bioengineering of cell-biomaterial surface interactions. Cell morphology measured through various parameters can indicate ideal candidates for these various applications thus reducing the time taken for the screening and development process. The hypothesis of this study is that there is an optimal cell morphology range for enhanced cell proliferation and migration on the surface of biomaterials. To test the hypothesis, primary porcine dermal fibroblasts (PDF, 3 biological replicates) were cultured on ten different surfaces comprising components of the natural extracellular matrix of tissues. Results suggested an optimal morphology with a cell aspect ratio (CAR) between 0.2 and 0.4 for both increased cell proliferation and migration. If the CAR was below 0.2 (very elongated cell), cell proliferation was increased whilst migration was reduced. A CAR of 0.4+ (rounded cell) favoured cell migration over proliferation. The screening process, when it comes to biomaterials is a long, repetitive, arduous but necessary event. This study highlights the beneficial use of testing the cell morphology on prospective prototypes, eliminating those that do not support an optimal cell shape. We believe that the research presented in this paper is important as we can help address this screening inefficiency through the use of the emergent property of cell morphology. Future work involves automating CAR quantification for high throughput screening of prototypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver G Frost
- Regenerative Biomaterials Group, The RAFT Institute & The Griffin Institute, Northwick Park & Saint Mark's Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Nazanin Owji
- Regenerative Biomaterials Group, The RAFT Institute & The Griffin Institute, Northwick Park & Saint Mark's Hospital, London, UK. .,Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Thorogate
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, Faculty of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christos Kyriakidis
- Regenerative Biomaterials Group, The RAFT Institute & The Griffin Institute, Northwick Park & Saint Mark's Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Prasad Sawadkar
- Regenerative Biomaterials Group, The RAFT Institute & The Griffin Institute, Northwick Park & Saint Mark's Hospital, London, UK. .,Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nicola Mordan
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan C Knowles
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK.,UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea.,Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Ferdinand Lali
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK.,The Griffin Institute, Northwick Park & Saint Mark's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Elena Garcia-Gareta
- Regenerative Biomaterials Group, The RAFT Institute & The Griffin Institute, Northwick Park & Saint Mark's Hospital, London, UK. .,Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK.,Aragonese Agency for R&D (ARAID) Foundation, Zaragoza, Aragón, Spain
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204
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Possible Treatment of Myocardial Infarct Based on Tissue Engineering Using a Cellularized Solid Collagen Scaffold Functionalized with Arg-Glyc-Asp (RGD) Peptide. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212563. [PMID: 34830447 PMCID: PMC8620820 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the clinical impact of cell therapy after a myocardial infarction (MI) is limited by low cell engraftment due to low cell retention, cell death in inflammatory and poor angiogenic infarcted areas, secondary migration. Cells interact with their microenvironment through integrin mechanoreceptors that control their survival/apoptosis/differentiation/migration and proliferation. The association of cells with a three-dimensional material may be a way to improve interactions with their integrins, and thus outcomes, especially if preparations are epicardially applied. In this review, we will focus on the rationale for using collagen as a polymer backbone for tissue engineering of a contractile tissue. Contractilities are reported for natural but not synthetic polymers and for naturals only for: collagen/gelatin/decellularized-tissue/fibrin/Matrigel™ and for different material states: hydrogels/gels/solids. To achieve a thick/long-term contractile tissue and for cell transfer, solid porous compliant scaffolds are superior to hydrogels or gels. Classical methods to produce solid scaffolds: electrospinning/freeze-drying/3D-printing/solvent-casting and methods to reinforce and/or maintain scaffold properties by reticulations are reported. We also highlight the possibility of improving integrin interaction between cells and their associated collagen by its functionalizing with the RGD-peptide. Using a contractile patch that can be applied epicardially may be a way of improving ventricular remodeling and limiting secondary cell migration.
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205
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Nii T. Strategies Using Gelatin Microparticles for Regenerative Therapy and Drug Screening Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226795. [PMID: 34833885 PMCID: PMC8617939 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gelatin, a denatured form of collagen, is an attractive biomaterial for biotechnology. In particular, gelatin particles have been noted due to their attractive properties as drug carriers. The drug release from gelatin particles can be easily controlled by the crosslinking degree of gelatin molecule, responding to the purpose of the research. The gelatin particles capable of drug release are effective in wound healing, drug screening models. For example, a sustained release of growth factors for tissue regeneration at the injured sites can heal a wound. In the case of the drug screening model, a tissue-like model composed of cells with high activity by the sustained release of drug or growth factor provides reliable results of drug effects. Gelatin particles are effective in drug delivery and the culture of spheroids or cell sheets because the particles prevent hypoxia-derived cell death. This review introduces recent research on gelatin microparticles-based strategies for regenerative therapy and drug screening models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruki Nii
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan;
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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206
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Gelli R, Mugnaini G, Bolognesi T, Bonini M. Cross-linked Porous Gelatin Microparticles with Tunable Shape, Size, and Porosity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:12781-12789. [PMID: 34706538 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gelatin particles are relevant to many applications in the biomedical field due to their excellent biocompatibility and versatility. When prepared by double emulsion methods, porous microparticles with different architectures can be obtained. Controlling the shape, size, porosity, swelling, and stability against dissolution is fundamental toward their application under physiological conditions. We prepared porous gelatin microparticles from oil-in-water-in-oil emulsions, modifying the gelatin/surfactant ratio and the stirring speed. The effect on structural properties, including surface and inner porosities, was thoroughly assessed by multiple microscopy techniques (optical, electron, and confocal Raman). Selected samples were cross-linked with glutaraldehyde or glyceraldehyde, and their swelling properties and stability against dissolution were evaluated, while the influence of the cross-linking at the nanoscale was studied by scattering of X-rays. Depending on the preparation protocol, we obtained particles with different shapes (irregular or spherical), radii within ∼40 to 90 μm, and porosities up to 10 μm. The cross-linking extends the stability in water from a few minutes up to several days while the swelling ability and the mesh size at the nanoscale of the gelatin network are preserved. The analysis of the experimental results as a function of the preparation parameters demonstrates that microparticles with tunable features can be designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Gelli
- CSGI & Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Giulia Mugnaini
- CSGI & Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Tessa Bolognesi
- CSGI & Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Massimo Bonini
- CSGI & Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
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207
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Perera K, Ivone R, Natekin E, Wilga CA, Shen J, Menon JU. 3D Bioprinted Implants for Cartilage Repair in Intervertebral Discs and Knee Menisci. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:754113. [PMID: 34746106 PMCID: PMC8570130 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.754113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilage defects pose a significant clinical challenge as they can lead to joint pain, swelling and stiffness, which reduces mobility and function thereby significantly affecting the quality of life of patients. More than 250,000 cartilage repair surgeries are performed in the United States every year. The current gold standard is the treatment of focal cartilage defects and bone damage with nonflexible metal or plastic prosthetics. However, these prosthetics are often made from hard and stiff materials that limits mobility and flexibility, and results in leaching of metal particles into the body, degeneration of adjacent soft bone tissues and possible failure of the implant with time. As a result, the patients may require revision surgeries to replace the worn implants or adjacent vertebrae. More recently, autograft - and allograft-based repair strategies have been studied, however these too are limited by donor site morbidity and the limited availability of tissues for surgery. There has been increasing interest in the past two decades in the area of cartilage tissue engineering where methods like 3D bioprinting may be implemented to generate functional constructs using a combination of cells, growth factors (GF) and biocompatible materials. 3D bioprinting allows for the modulation of mechanical properties of the developed constructs to maintain the required flexibility following implantation while also providing the stiffness needed to support body weight. In this review, we will provide a comprehensive overview of current advances in 3D bioprinting for cartilage tissue engineering for knee menisci and intervertebral disc repair. We will also discuss promising medical-grade materials and techniques that can be used for printing, and the future outlook of this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalindu Perera
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Ryan Ivone
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Evelina Natekin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, United States
| | - Cheryl. A. Wilga
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Jyothi U. Menon
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
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208
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Zhu Y, Liu W, Ngai T. Polymer coatings on magnesium‐based implants for orthopedic applications. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin N. T. Hong Kong
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin N. T. Hong Kong
| | - To Ngai
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin N. T. Hong Kong
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209
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Calcium-Based Biomineralization: A Smart Approach for the Design of Novel Multifunctional Hybrid Materials. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs5100278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Biomineralization consists of a complex cascade of phenomena generating hybrid nano-structured materials based on organic (e.g., polymer) and inorganic (e.g., hydroxyapatite) components. Biomineralization is a biomimetic process useful to produce highly biomimetic and biocompatible materials resembling natural hard tissues such as bones and teeth. In detail, biomimetic materials, composed of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HA) nucleated on an organic matrix, show extremely versatile chemical compositions and physical properties, which can be controlled to address specific challenges. Indeed, different parameters, including (i) the partial substitution of mimetic doping ions within the HA lattice, (ii) the use of different organic matrices, and (iii) the choice of cross-linking processes, can be finely tuned. In the present review, we mainly focused on calcium biomineralization. Besides regenerative medicine, these multifunctional materials have been largely exploited for other applications including 3D printable materials and in vitro three-dimensional (3D) models for cancer studies and for drug testing. Additionally, biomineralized multifunctional nano-particles can be involved in applications ranging from nanomedicine as fully bioresorbable drug delivery systems to the development of innovative and eco-sustainable UV physical filters for skin protection from solar radiations.
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210
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Hosseini M, Shafiee A. Engineering Bioactive Scaffolds for Skin Regeneration. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2101384. [PMID: 34313003 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202101384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Large skin wounds pose a major clinical challenge. Scarcity of donor site and postsurgical scarring contribute to the incomplete or partial loss of function and aesthetic concerns in skin wound patients. Currently, a wide variety of skin grafts are being applied in clinical settings. Scaffolds are used to overcome the issues related to the misaligned architecture of the repaired skin tissues. The current review summarizes the contribution of biomaterials to wound healing and skin regeneration and addresses the existing limitations in skin grafting. Then, the clinically approved biologic and synthetic skin substitutes are extensively reviewed. Next, the techniques for modification of skin grafts aiming for enhanced tissue regeneration are outlined, and a summary of different growth factor delivery systems using biomaterials is presented. Considering the significant progress in biomaterial science and manufacturing technologies, the idea of biomaterial-based skin grafts with the ability for scarless wound healing and reconstructing full skin organ is more achievable than ever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motaharesadat Hosseini
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Abbas Shafiee
- Herston Biofabrication Institute, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
- UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
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211
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Xu Q, Torres JE, Hakim M, Babiak PM, Pal P, Battistoni CM, Nguyen M, Panitch A, Solorio L, Liu JC. Collagen- and hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels and their biomedical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. R, REPORTS : A REVIEW JOURNAL 2021; 146:100641. [PMID: 34483486 PMCID: PMC8409465 DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2021.100641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels have been widely investigated in biomedical fields due to their similar physical and biochemical properties to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Collagen and hyaluronic acid (HA) are the main components of the ECM in many tissues. As a result, hydrogels prepared from collagen and HA hold inherent advantages in mimicking the structure and function of the native ECM. Numerous studies have focused on the development of collagen and HA hydrogels and their biomedical applications. In this extensive review, we provide a summary and analysis of the sources, features, and modifications of collagen and HA. Specifically, we highlight the fabrication, properties, and potential biomedical applications as well as promising commercialization of hydrogels based on these two natural polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Xu
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jessica E. Torres
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Mazin Hakim
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Paulina M Babiak
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Pallabi Pal
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Carly M Battistoni
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Michael Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Alyssa Panitch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Luis Solorio
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Julie C. Liu
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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212
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Troy E, Tilbury MA, Power AM, Wall JG. Nature-Based Biomaterials and Their Application in Biomedicine. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3321. [PMID: 34641137 PMCID: PMC8513057 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural polymers, based on proteins or polysaccharides, have attracted increasing interest in recent years due to their broad potential uses in biomedicine. The chemical stability, structural versatility, biocompatibility and high availability of these materials lend them to diverse applications in areas such as tissue engineering, drug delivery and wound healing. Biomaterials purified from animal or plant sources have also been engineered to improve their structural properties or promote interactions with surrounding cells and tissues for improved in vivo performance, leading to novel applications as implantable devices, in controlled drug release and as surface coatings. This review describes biomaterials derived from and inspired by natural proteins and polysaccharides and highlights their promise across diverse biomedical fields. We outline current therapeutic applications of these nature-based materials and consider expected future developments in identifying and utilising innovative biomaterials in new biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin Troy
- Microbiology, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland, NUI Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (E.T.); (M.A.T.)
| | - Maura A. Tilbury
- Microbiology, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland, NUI Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (E.T.); (M.A.T.)
- SFI Centre for Medical Devices (CÚRAM), NUI Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Anne Marie Power
- Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, NUI Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland;
| | - J. Gerard Wall
- Microbiology, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland, NUI Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (E.T.); (M.A.T.)
- SFI Centre for Medical Devices (CÚRAM), NUI Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
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213
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Serna JA, Rueda-Gensini L, Céspedes-Valenzuela DN, Cifuentes J, Cruz JC, Muñoz-Camargo C. Recent Advances on Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels Based on Tissue-Derived ECMs and Their Components: Towards Improving Functionality for Tissue Engineering and Controlled Drug Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3263. [PMID: 34641079 PMCID: PMC8512780 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their highly hydrophilic nature and compositional versatility, hydrogels have assumed a protagonic role in the development of physiologically relevant tissues for several biomedical applications, such as in vivo tissue replacement or regeneration and in vitro disease modeling. By forming interconnected polymeric networks, hydrogels can be loaded with therapeutic agents, small molecules, or cells to deliver them locally to specific tissues or act as scaffolds for hosting cellular development. Hydrogels derived from decellularized extracellular matrices (dECMs), in particular, have gained significant attention in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to their inherently high biomimetic capabilities and endowment of a wide variety of bioactive cues capable of directing cellular behavior. However, these hydrogels often exhibit poor mechanical stability, and their biological properties alone are not enough to direct the development of tissue constructs with functional phenotypes. This review highlights the different ways in which external stimuli (e.g., light, thermal, mechanical, electric, magnetic, and acoustic) have been employed to improve the performance of dECM-based hydrogels for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. Specifically, we outline how these stimuli have been implemented to improve their mechanical stability, tune their microarchitectural characteristics, facilitate tissue morphogenesis and enable precise control of drug release profiles. The strategic coupling of the bioactive features of dECM-based hydrogels with these stimulation schemes grants considerable advances in the development of functional hydrogels for a wide variety of applications within these fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Juan C. Cruz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (J.A.S.); (L.R.-G.); (D.N.C.-V.); (J.C.)
| | - Carolina Muñoz-Camargo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (J.A.S.); (L.R.-G.); (D.N.C.-V.); (J.C.)
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214
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Abstract
Biopolymers are natural polymers sourced from plants and animals, which include a variety of polysaccharides and polypeptides. The inclusion of biopolymers into biomedical hydrogels is of great interest because of their inherent biochemical and biophysical properties, such as cellular adhesion, degradation, and viscoelasticity. The objective of this Review is to provide a detailed overview of the design and development of biopolymer hydrogels for biomedical applications, with an emphasis on biopolymer chemical modifications and cross-linking methods. First, the fundamentals of biopolymers and chemical conjugation methods to introduce cross-linking groups are described. Cross-linking methods to form biopolymer networks are then discussed in detail, including (i) covalent cross-linking (e.g., free radical chain polymerization, click cross-linking, cross-linking due to oxidation of phenolic groups), (ii) dynamic covalent cross-linking (e.g., Schiff base formation, disulfide formation, reversible Diels-Alder reactions), and (iii) physical cross-linking (e.g., guest-host interactions, hydrogen bonding, metal-ligand coordination, grafted biopolymers). Finally, recent advances in the use of chemically modified biopolymer hydrogels for the biofabrication of tissue scaffolds, therapeutic delivery, tissue adhesives and sealants, as well as the formation of interpenetrating network biopolymer hydrogels, are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria G. Muir
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jason A. Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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215
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Khramtsov P, Burdina O, Lazarev S, Novokshonova A, Bochkova M, Timganova V, Kiselkov D, Minin A, Zamorina S, Rayev M. Modified Desolvation Method Enables Simple One-Step Synthesis of Gelatin Nanoparticles from Different Gelatin Types with Any Bloom Values. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1537. [PMID: 34683829 PMCID: PMC8541285 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gelatin nanoparticles found numerous applications in drug delivery, bioimaging, immunotherapy, and vaccine development as well as in biotechnology and food science. Synthesis of gelatin nanoparticles is usually made by a two-step desolvation method, which, despite providing stable and homogeneous nanoparticles, has many limitations, namely complex procedure, low yields, and poor reproducibility of the first desolvation step. Herein, we present a modified one-step desolvation method, which enables the quick, simple, and reproducible synthesis of gelatin nanoparticles. Using the proposed method one can prepare gelatin nanoparticles from any type of gelatin with any bloom number, even with the lowest ones, which remains unattainable for the traditional two-step technique. The method relies on quick one-time addition of poor solvent (preferably isopropyl alcohol) to gelatin solution in the absence of stirring. We applied the modified desolvation method to synthesize nanoparticles from porcine, bovine, and fish gelatin with bloom values from 62 to 225 on the hundreds-of-milligram scale. Synthesized nanoparticles had average diameters between 130 and 190 nm and narrow size distribution. Yields of synthesis were 62-82% and can be further increased. Gelatin nanoparticles have good colloidal stability and withstand autoclaving. Moreover, they were non-toxic to human immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Khramtsov
- Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of The Russian Academy of Sciences, Lab of Ecological Immunology, Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, 614081 Perm, Russia; (M.B.); (V.T.); (S.Z.); (M.R.)
- Department of Biology, Perm State University, 614068 Perm, Russia; (O.B.); (S.L.); (A.N.)
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Oksana Burdina
- Department of Biology, Perm State University, 614068 Perm, Russia; (O.B.); (S.L.); (A.N.)
| | - Sergey Lazarev
- Department of Biology, Perm State University, 614068 Perm, Russia; (O.B.); (S.L.); (A.N.)
| | - Anastasia Novokshonova
- Department of Biology, Perm State University, 614068 Perm, Russia; (O.B.); (S.L.); (A.N.)
| | - Maria Bochkova
- Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of The Russian Academy of Sciences, Lab of Ecological Immunology, Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, 614081 Perm, Russia; (M.B.); (V.T.); (S.Z.); (M.R.)
- Department of Biology, Perm State University, 614068 Perm, Russia; (O.B.); (S.L.); (A.N.)
| | - Valeria Timganova
- Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of The Russian Academy of Sciences, Lab of Ecological Immunology, Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, 614081 Perm, Russia; (M.B.); (V.T.); (S.Z.); (M.R.)
| | - Dmitriy Kiselkov
- Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of The Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Technical Chemistry, 614013 Perm, Russia;
| | - Artem Minin
- Lab of Applied Magnetism, M.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics of the UB RAS, 620108 Yekaterinburg, Russia;
- Faculty of Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Ural Federal University Named after The First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Svetlana Zamorina
- Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of The Russian Academy of Sciences, Lab of Ecological Immunology, Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, 614081 Perm, Russia; (M.B.); (V.T.); (S.Z.); (M.R.)
- Department of Biology, Perm State University, 614068 Perm, Russia; (O.B.); (S.L.); (A.N.)
| | - Mikhail Rayev
- Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of The Russian Academy of Sciences, Lab of Ecological Immunology, Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, 614081 Perm, Russia; (M.B.); (V.T.); (S.Z.); (M.R.)
- Department of Biology, Perm State University, 614068 Perm, Russia; (O.B.); (S.L.); (A.N.)
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216
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Islam MS, Islam JMM, Rahman MF, Rahman MM, Khan MA. Gelatin-based instant gel-forming volatile spray for wound-dressing application. Prog Biomater 2021; 10:235-243. [PMID: 34542831 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-021-00166-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was a successful endeavor to develop and investigate the suitability of a bioadhesive wound-healing gel based on gelatin for first-aid purposes. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used to prepare a denser phase of gelatin chains, and diethyl ether (DEE) was used to introduce high volatility to the solution. The prepared solution was stable in the storage container but rapidly formed (within 3 s) a protective and bioadhesive gel around the wound surface by being sprayed over the wound. Besides, it also suppressed pain and showed moderate antimicrobial activity against S. aureus. It was also found highly biocompatible and non-toxic. All the results revealed that the prepared solution could be an effective candidate for treating minor injuries or burn, especially for a first-aid purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Shahidul Islam
- Institute of Radiation and Polymer Technology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Savar, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh.,Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 2000, Bangladesh.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, 1204 Boston Avenue, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Jahid M M Islam
- Institute of Radiation and Polymer Technology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Savar, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh.,School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M Fizur Rahman
- Institute of Radiation and Polymer Technology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Savar, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 2000, Bangladesh
| | - Mubarak A Khan
- Institute of Radiation and Polymer Technology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Savar, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh.
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217
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Veiga A, Silva IV, Duarte MM, Oliveira AL. Current Trends on Protein Driven Bioinks for 3D Printing. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1444. [PMID: 34575521 PMCID: PMC8471984 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, three-dimensional (3D) extrusion bioprinting has been on the top trend for innovative technologies in the field of biomedical engineering. In particular, protein-based bioinks such as collagen, gelatin, silk fibroin, elastic, fibrin and protein complexes based on decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) are receiving increasing attention. This current interest is the result of protein's tunable properties, biocompatibility, environmentally friendly nature and possibility to provide cells with the adequate cues, mimicking the extracellular matrix's function. In this review we describe the most relevant stages of the development of a protein-driven bioink. The most popular formulations, molecular weights and extraction methods are covered. The different crosslinking methods used in protein bioinks, the formulation with other polymeric systems or molecules of interest as well as the bioprinting settings are herein highlighted. The cell embedding procedures, the in vitro, in vivo, in situ studies and final applications are also discussed. Finally, we approach the development and optimization of bioinks from a sequential perspective, discussing the relevance of each parameter during the pre-processing, processing, and post-processing stages of technological development. Through this approach the present review expects to provide, in a sequential manner, helpful methodological guidelines for the development of novel bioinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabela Veiga
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (A.V.); (I.V.S.); (M.M.D.)
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês V. Silva
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (A.V.); (I.V.S.); (M.M.D.)
| | - Marta M. Duarte
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (A.V.); (I.V.S.); (M.M.D.)
| | - Ana L. Oliveira
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (A.V.); (I.V.S.); (M.M.D.)
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218
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Somasekhar L, Huynh ND, Vecheck A, Kishore V, Bashur CA, Mitra K. Three-dimensional printing of cell-laden microporous constructs using blended bioinks. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 110:535-546. [PMID: 34486214 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels such as alginate and gelatin have shown potential as biomaterials in various three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting applications. However, parameters such as viscosity, porosity, and printability influence the performance of hydrogel-based biomaterials, and there are limited characterization studies conducted on the behavior of these constructs. In this work, a syringe-based extrusion bioprinter was used to print 3D constructs with bioink composed of various concentrations of alginate and gelatin along with fibrinogen and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Instead of crosslinking the gelatin, the gelatin was left uncrosslinked to provide microporosity within the system that can impact the cellular response. Mechanical and biochemical characterization was performed to evaluate the structural stability and integrity of the printed constructs along with viability of embedded cells. Bioprinted constructs of a higher total concentration of alginate and gelatin yielded better stability and structural integrity after culture. More importantly, higher amounts of gelatin (i.e., 1:9 instead of 2:3 alginate:gelatin) were shown to improve printability, which is different than most studies that instead use alginate to improve printability. In addition, higher amounts of gelatin impacted the changes in surface morphological features of the constructs after incubation, and ultimately improved biocompatibility with our system. Overall, this study demonstrated that an uncrosslinked gelatin system can provide flexible printing parameters and surface morphologies, but careful control over the printing parameters may be required. The bioink concentration of 10% (w/v) with minimum alginate and higher gelatin concentration exhibited the best printability, cell survival, and viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likitha Somasekhar
- Department of Biomedical, Chemical Engineering and Science, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida, USA
| | - Nicholas D Huynh
- Department of Biomedical, Chemical Engineering and Science, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida, USA
| | - Amy Vecheck
- Department of Biomedical, Chemical Engineering and Science, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida, USA
| | - Vipuil Kishore
- Department of Biomedical, Chemical Engineering and Science, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida, USA
| | - Chris A Bashur
- Department of Biomedical, Chemical Engineering and Science, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida, USA
| | - Kunal Mitra
- Department of Biomedical, Chemical Engineering and Science, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida, USA
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219
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Wang Z, Guo Y, Zhang P. A rapid quantitation of cell attachment and spreading based on digital image analysis: Application for cell affinity and compatibility assessment of synthetic polymers. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 128:112267. [PMID: 34474826 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Accurate and rapid quantitation of cell attachment, spreading, and growth on a polymer thin film coated glass cover slide was developed by analyzing the digital images of cells stained with dyes. A biodegradable block copolymer poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(l-lactide-co-2-methyl-2-carboxyl-propylene carbonate) [PEG-b-P(LA-co-MCC)] was synthesized as model polymer with poly(L-lactic acid) [PLLA] as a control polymer. Only a small quantity of polymer (~5 mg) was needed in this method through dissolving in a solvent and casting on cover slides which were previously modified with dimethyl dichlorosilane (DMDC). Then it was seeded with cells and taken pictures with a digital camera under an optical microscope and analyzed with ImageJ software. Cell number and a series of morphological data were obtained, including cell area, circularity, perimeter and Feret's diameter, etc. The quantitative analysis results indicated that cells preferred to attach and spread on the surface of the copolymer PEG-b-P(LA-co-MCC) compared to PLLA during 24 h of cell culture. This efficient procedure provides a series of convincing statistical data to evaluate the direct interaction between cells and polymers with only an optical microscope, a digital camera and ImageJ software. It's a rapid, economic way for assessing cell affinity and compatibility of novel synthetic polymers by cell culture in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Yueming Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan 528000, PR China.
| | - Peibiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China.
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220
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Bello AB, Kim Y, Park S, Muttigi MS, Kim J, Park H, Lee S. Matrilin3/TGFβ3 gelatin microparticles promote chondrogenesis, prevent hypertrophy, and induce paracrine release in MSC spheroid for disc regeneration. NPJ Regen Med 2021; 6:50. [PMID: 34480032 PMCID: PMC8417285 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00160-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is the leading cause of excruciating lower back pain and disability in adults worldwide. Among the current treatments for DDD, cell-based therapies such as the injection of both disc- and non-disc-derived chondrocytes have shown significant improvements in the patients’ condition. However, further advancement of these therapies is required to not only ensure a supply of healthy chondrocytes but also to promote regeneration of the defective cells in the injury site. Here, we report that the incorporation of gelatin microparticles coloaded with transforming growth factor beta 3 and matrilin 3 promoted chondrogenic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell spheroids while preventing hypertrophy and terminal differentiation of cells. Moreover, these composite spheroids induced the release of chondrogenic cytokines that, in turn, promoted regeneration of degenerative chondrocytes in vitro. Finally, injections of these composite spheroids in a rat model of intervertebral disc disease promoted restoration of the chondrogenic properties of the cells, thereby allowing regeneration of the chondrogenic tissue in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Bacero Bello
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06911, Korea.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Korea
| | - Yunkyung Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06911, Korea
| | - Sunghyun Park
- Department of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, 13488, Korea
| | | | - Jiseong Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Korea
| | - Hansoo Park
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06911, Korea.
| | - Soohong Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Korea.
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221
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Egorikhina MN, Semenycheva LL, Chasova VO, Bronnikova II, Rubtsova YP, Zakharychev EA, Aleynik DY. Changes in the Molecular Characteristics of Bovine and Marine Collagen in the Presence of Proteolytic Enzymes as a Stage Used in Scaffold Formation. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:502. [PMID: 34564164 PMCID: PMC8470260 DOI: 10.3390/md19090502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biopolymers, in particular collagen and fibrinogen, are the leading materials for use in tissue engineering. When developing technology for scaffold formation, it is important to understand the properties of the source materials as well as the mechanisms that determine the formation of the scaffold structures. Both factors influence the properties of scaffolds to a great extent. Our present work aimed to identify the features of the molecular characteristics of collagens of different species origin and the changes they undergo during the enzymatic hydrolysis used for the process of scaffold formation. For this study, we used the methods of gel-penetrating chromatography, dynamic light scattering, reading IR spectra, and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that cod collagen (CC) and bovine collagen (BC) have different initial molecular weight parameters, and that, during hydrolysis, the majority of either type of protein is hydrolyzed by the proteolytic enzymes within the first minute. The differently sourced collagen samples were also hydrolyzed with the formation of two low molecular fractions: Mw ~ 10 kDa and ~20 kDa. In the case of CC, the microstructure of the final scaffolds contained denser, closely spaced fibrillar areas, while the BC-sourced scaffolds had narrow, short fibrils composed of unbound fibers of hydrolyzed collagen in their structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marfa N. Egorikhina
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (FSBEI HE PRMU MOH), Minin and Pozharsky Square 10/1, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (I.I.B.); (Y.P.R.); (D.Y.A.)
| | - Ludmila L. Semenycheva
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, pr. Gagarina 23, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (L.L.S.); (V.O.C.); (E.A.Z.)
| | - Victoria O. Chasova
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, pr. Gagarina 23, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (L.L.S.); (V.O.C.); (E.A.Z.)
| | - Irina I. Bronnikova
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (FSBEI HE PRMU MOH), Minin and Pozharsky Square 10/1, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (I.I.B.); (Y.P.R.); (D.Y.A.)
| | - Yulia P. Rubtsova
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (FSBEI HE PRMU MOH), Minin and Pozharsky Square 10/1, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (I.I.B.); (Y.P.R.); (D.Y.A.)
| | - Evgeniy A. Zakharychev
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, pr. Gagarina 23, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (L.L.S.); (V.O.C.); (E.A.Z.)
| | - Diana Ya. Aleynik
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (FSBEI HE PRMU MOH), Minin and Pozharsky Square 10/1, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (I.I.B.); (Y.P.R.); (D.Y.A.)
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222
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Gilchrist AE, Serrano JF, Ngo MT, Hrnjak Z, Kim S, Harley BAC. Encapsulation of murine hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in a thiol-crosslinked maleimide-functionalized gelatin hydrogel. Acta Biomater 2021; 131:138-148. [PMID: 34161871 PMCID: PMC8373770 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterial platforms are an integral part of stem cell biomanufacturing protocols. The collective biophysical, biochemical, and cellular cues of the stem cell niche microenvironment play an important role in regulating stem cell fate decisions. Three-dimensional (3D) culture of stem cells within biomaterials provides a route to present biophysical and biochemical stimuli through cell-matrix interactions and cell-cell interactions via secreted biomolecules. Herein, we describe a maleimide-functionalized gelatin (GelMAL) hydrogel that can be crosslinked via thiol-Michael addition click reaction for the encapsulation of sensitive stem cell populations. The maleimide functional units along the gelatin backbone enables gelation via the addition of a dithiol crosslinker without requiring external stimuli (e.g., UV light, photoinitiator), thereby reducing reactive oxide species generation. Additionally, the versatility of crosslinker selection enables easy insertion of thiol-containing bioactive or bioinert motifs. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were encapsulated in GelMAL, with mechanical properties tuned to mimic the in vivo bone marrow niche. We report the insertion of a cleavable peptide crosslinker that can be degraded by the proteolytic action of Sortase A, a mammalian-inert enzyme. Notably, Sortase A exposure preserves stem cell surface markers, which are an essential metric of hematopoietic activity used in immunophenotyping. This novel GelMAL system enables a route to produce artificial stem cell niches with tunable biophysical properties, intrinsic cell-interaction motifs, and orthogonal addition of bioactive crosslinks. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: We describe a maleimide-functionalized gelatin hydrogel that can be crosslinked via a thiol-maleimide mediated click reaction to form a stable hydrogel without the production of reactive oxygen species typical in light-based crosslinking. The mechanical properties can be tuned to match the in vivo bone marrow microenvironment for hematopoietic stem cell culture. Additionally, we report inclusion of a peptide crosslinker that can be cleaved via the proteolytic action of Sortase A and show that Sortase A exposure does not degrade sensitive surface marker expression patterns. Together, this approach reduces stem cell exposure to reactive oxygen species during hydrogel gelation and enables post-culture quantitative assessment of stem cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan E Gilchrist
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Julio F Serrano
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Mai T Ngo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Zona Hrnjak
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Sanha Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Brendan A C Harley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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Huang WY, Lai CH, Peng SL, Hsu CY, Hsu PH, Chu PY, Feng CL, Lin YH. Targeting Tumor Cells with Nanoparticles for Enhanced Co-Drug Delivery in Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1327. [PMID: 34575403 PMCID: PMC8465501 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a fatal malignant tumor, and effective therapies to attenuate its progression are lacking. Nanoparticle (NP)-based solutions may enable the design of novel treatments to eliminate GC. Refined, receptor-targetable NPs can selectively target cancer cells and improve the cellular uptake of drugs. To overcome the current limitations and enhance the therapeutic effects, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and low-concentration doxorubicin (DX) were encapsulated in fucoidan and d-alpha-tocopherylpoly (ethylene glycol) succinate-conjugated hyaluronic acid-based NPs for targeting P-selectin-and cluster of differentiation (CD)44-expressing gastric tumors. The EGCG/DX-loaded NPs bound to GC cells and released bioactive combination drugs, demonstrating better anti-cancer effects than the EGCG/DX combination solution. In vivo assays in an orthotopic gastric tumor mouse model showed that the EGCG/DX-loaded NPs significantly increased the activity of gastric tumors without inducing organ injury. Overall, our EGCG/DX-NP system exerted a beneficial effect on GC treatment and may facilitate the development of nanomedicine-based combination chemotherapy against GC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ying Huang
- Department of Applied Cosmetology, Hung-Kuang University, Taichung 433304, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Ho Lai
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan;
| | - Shin-Lei Peng
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
| | - Che-Yu Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (P.-Y.C.)
| | - Po-Hung Hsu
- Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Pei-Yi Chu
- Department of Pharmacy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (P.-Y.C.)
| | - Chun-Lung Feng
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404332, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Hsin Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (P.-Y.C.)
- Center for Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Research, Department and Institute of Pharmacology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
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224
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Vaghi L, Monti M, Marelli M, Motto E, Papagni A, Cipolla L. Photoinduced Porcine Gelatin Cross-Linking by Homobi- and Homotrifunctional Tetrazoles. Gels 2021; 7:124. [PMID: 34449602 PMCID: PMC8395868 DOI: 10.3390/gels7030124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gelatin is a costless polypeptide material of natural origin, able to form hydrogels that are potentially useful in biomaterial scaffold design for drug delivery, cell cultures, and tissue engineering. However, gelatin hydrogels are unstable at physiological conditions, losing their features only after a few minutes at 37 °C. Accordingly, treatments to address this issue are of great interest. In the present work, we propose for the first time the use of bi- and trifunctional tetrazoles, most of them unknown to date, for photoinduced gelatin cross-linking towards the production of physiologically stable hydrogels. Indeed, after UV-B irradiation, aryl tetrazoles generate a nitrilimine intermediate that is reactive towards different functionalities, some of them constitutively present in the amino acid side chains of gelatin. The efficacy of the treatment strictly depends on the structure of the cross-linking agent used, and substantial improved stability was observed by switching from bifunctional to trifunctional cross-linkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Vaghi
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano—Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy;
| | - Mauro Monti
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano—Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy;
| | - Marcello Marelli
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”, CNR-SCITEC, Sede Fantoli, via Fantoli 16/15, 20138 Milano, Italy;
| | - Elisa Motto
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano—Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy;
| | - Antonio Papagni
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano—Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy;
| | - Laura Cipolla
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano—Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy;
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225
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Zulkiflee I, Fauzi MB. Gelatin-Polyvinyl Alcohol Film for Tissue Engineering: A Concise Review. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080979. [PMID: 34440183 PMCID: PMC8391561 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of biomaterials has been steadily expanding as a large number of pharmaceutical and manufacturing companies invest in research in order to commercialize biomaterial products. Various three-dimensional biomaterials have been explored including film, hydrogel, sponge, microspheres etc., depending on different applications. Thus, gelatin and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) are widely used as a natural- and synthetic-based biomaterial, respectively, for tissue engineering and clinical settings. The combination of these materials has proven its synergistic effects in wound-healing applications. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the hybrid gelatin and PVA thin film development and evaluate its potential characteristics for tissue engineering applications from existing published evidence (within year 2010–2020). The primary key factor for polymers mixing technology might improve the quality and the efficacy of the intended polymers. This review provides a concise overview of the current knowledge for hybrid gelatin and PVA with the method of fabricating and mixing technology into thin films. Additionally, the findings guided to an optimal fabrication method and scrutinised characterisation parameters of fabricated gelatin-PVA thin film. In conclusion, hybrid gelatin-PVA thin film has higher potential as a treatment for various biomedical and clinical applications.
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226
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van der Sanden B, Gredy L, Wion D, Stephan O. 3D two-photon polymerization of smart cell gelatin - collagen matrixes with incorporated ruthenium complexes for the monitoring of local oxygen tensions. Acta Biomater 2021; 130:172-182. [PMID: 34129956 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The extra cellular matrix plays a major role in the biomechanical properties of tissues that impact cell behavior and fate. It is therefore crucial to mimic these complex cell-matrix interactions in 3D cell cultures. Here, two-photon polymerization is applied to produce gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) - collagen matrixes that further enable local pO2matrix measurement, when ruthenium complexes are used as photo-activators. The fluorescence intensity of these complexes has a direct and inverse relationship with the local pO2matrix. The 3D structures reached their maximum size in cell culture conditions after 3H with a swelling factor of ~1.5. Their shape and the ruthenium fluorescence intensity of the alveoli walls stayed constant for at least 2 weeks in the absence of cells. They were used in time series to monitor the local pO2matrix adjacent to cancer cells during their division, migration and the formation of a tumor tissue mass. At the presence of these cell activities that consume O2, a significant ~3-fold increase of the ruthenium fluorescence intensity in the alveoli walls was observed. This study demonstrates that online monitoring of the local pO2matrix is possible. The ruthenium complexes provide the bio-optical sensors that are useful for further analysis of cancer and healthy cell energy metabolism in a 3D matrix that better mimics in vivo conditions and migration paths. Unraveling the cancer cell metabolic adaptations in a changing micro-environment will help the development of new therapeutic opportunities. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In 3D cell cultures, monitoring pericellular pO2 is as critical as controlling pH. This facility is currently missing. Here, we take advantage of the direct and inverse relationship between pO2 and the fluorescence intensity of ruthenium complexes to generate stable gelatin-collagen matrixes able to continuously monitoring the pO2 at the pericellular level. The ruthenium complexes, which are photo-activators in the two-photon polymerization of these matrixes, became covalently bind to the collagen fibers. Indeed, local O2 consumption by cancer cells during migration, mitosis and tumor mass formation caused a 3-fold increase of the ruthenium fluorescence. In the future, incorporating ruthenium complexes with other bio-optical sensors will create new drug screening platforms that monitor cell culture parameters at the pericellular level.
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227
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Hong S, Song JM. A 3D cell printing-fabricated HepG2 liver spheroid model for high-content in situ quantification of drug-induced liver toxicity. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:5939-5950. [PMID: 34318795 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00749a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
3D spheroid cultures are attractive candidates for application in in vitro drug-induced hepatotoxicity testing models to improve the reliability of biological information obtainable from a simple 2D culture model. Various 3D spheroid culture models exist for hepatotoxicity screening, but quantitative assays of spheroid response in situ are still challenging to achieve with the current 3D liver toxicity platforms. In this study, we developed a 3D printing-based HepG2 liver spheroid culture model for in situ quantitative evaluation and high-content monitoring of drug-induced hepatotoxicity. HepG2 liver spheroids grown in mini-fabricated hydrogel constructs using a 3D bioprinter were used to obtain the EC50 values and to measure the multi-parametric hepatotoxic effects, including mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT), cytosolic calcium levels, and apoptosis. Interestingly, the average fluorescence intensities of apoptotic and cell death markers, calculated for out-of-focus and in-focus spheroids, increased proportionally as a function of the drug concentration, allowing for the determination of the EC50 values. In addition, 3D HepG2 spheroids were more resistant to nefazodone-induced MPT than 2D HepG2 cells, indicating that the gelatin/alginate hydrogel culture system provides enhanced resistance to hepatotoxic drugs. The drug response of HepG2 liver spheroids was also found to be unrelated to the spheroid size. These results demonstrate that the present 3D cell-printing-based embedded HepG2 liver spheroid platform is a promising approach for screening and characterizing drug-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sera Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
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228
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Casimiro MH, Pereira A, Leal JP, Rodrigues G, Ferreira LM. Chitosan/PVA Based Membranes Processed by Gamma Radiation as Scaffolding Materials for Skin Regeneration. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11080561. [PMID: 34436324 PMCID: PMC8400512 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11080561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Some of the current strategies for the development of scaffolding materials capable of inducing tissue regeneration have been based on the use of polymeric biomaterials. Chitosan, in particular, due to its recognized biological activity has been used in a number of biomedical applications. Aiming the development of chitosan-based membranes with improved cell adhesion and growth properties to be used as skin scaffolds allowing functional tissue replacement, different formulations with chitosan of different molecular weight, poly (vinyl alcohol) and gelatin, were evaluated. To meet the goal of getting ready-to-use scaffolds assuring membranes’ required properties and sterilization, preparation methodology included a lyophilization procedure followed by a final gamma irradiation step. Two radiation dose values were tested. Samples were characterized by TGA, FTIR, and SEM techniques. Their hydrophilic properties, in vitro stability, and biocompatibility were also evaluated. Results show that all membranes present a sponge-type inner structure. Chitosan of low molecular weight and the introduction of gelatin are more favorable to cellular growth leading to an improvement on cells’ morphology and cytoskeletal organization, giving a good perspective to the use of these membranes as potential skin scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Helena Casimiro
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C2TN), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (M.H.C.); (L.M.F.); Tel.: +351-219946045 (M.H.C.); +351 219946066 (L.M.F.)
| | - Andreia Pereira
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C2TN), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal;
| | - João P. Leal
- Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal;
- Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares (DECN), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal
| | - Gabriela Rodrigues
- Centro de Ecologia, Evolução e Alterações Ambientais (cE3c), Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa (FCUL), 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Luís M. Ferreira
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C2TN), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal;
- Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares (DECN), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal
- Correspondence: (M.H.C.); (L.M.F.); Tel.: +351-219946045 (M.H.C.); +351 219946066 (L.M.F.)
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229
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Chitosan/Gelatin/PVA Scaffolds for Beta Pancreatic Cell Culture. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13142372. [PMID: 34301129 PMCID: PMC8309518 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan scaffolds based on blending polymers are a common strategy used in tissue engineering. The objective of this study was evaluation the properties of scaffolds based on a ternary blend of chitosan (Chi), gelatin (Ge), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (Chi/Ge/PVA), which were prepared by cycles of freeze-thawing and freeze-drying. It then was used for three-dimensional BRIN-BD11 beta-cells culturing. Weight ratios of Chi/Ge/PVA (1:1:1, 2:2:1, 2:3:1, and 3:2:1) were proposed and porosity, pore size, degradation, swelling rate, compressive strength, and cell viability analyzed. All ternary blend scaffolds structures are highly porous (with a porosity higher than 80%) and interconnected. The pore size distribution varied from 0.6 to 265 μm. Ternary blends scaffolds had controllable degradation rates compared to binary blend scaffolds, and an improved swelling capacity of the samples with increasing chitosan concentration was found. An increase in Young’s modulus and compressive strength was observed with increasing gelatin concentration. The highest compressive strength reached 101.6 Pa. The MTT assay showed that the ternary blends scaffolds P3 and P4 supported cell viability better than the binary blend scaffold. Therefore, these results illustrated that ternary blends scaffolds P3 and P4 could provide a better environment for BRIN-BD11 cell proliferation.
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230
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Biofabrication of Cell-Laden Gelatin Methacryloyl Hydrogels with Incorporation of Silanized Hydroxyapatite by Visible Light Projection. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13142354. [PMID: 34301111 PMCID: PMC8309475 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel is a photopolymerizable biomaterial widely used for three-dimensional (3D) cell culture due to its high biocompatibility. However, the drawback of GelMA hydrogel is its poor mechanical properties, which may compromise the feasibility of biofabrication techniques. In this study, a cell-laden GelMA composite hydrogel with a combination incorporating silanized hydroxyapatite (Si-HAp) and a simple and harmless visible light crosslinking system for this hydrogel were developed. The incorporation of Si-HAp into the GelMA hydrogel enhanced the mechanical properties of the composite hydrogel. Moreover, the composite hydrogel exhibited low cytotoxicity and promoted the osteogenic gene expression of embedded MG63 cells and Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). We also established a maskless lithographic method to fabricate a defined 3D structure under visible light by using a digital light processing projector, and the incorporation of Si-HAp increased the resolution of photolithographic hydrogels. The GelMA-Si-HAp composite hydrogel system can serve as an effective biomaterial in bone regeneration.
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231
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Prasathkumar M, Sadhasivam S. Chitosan/Hyaluronic acid/Alginate and an assorted polymers loaded with honey, plant, and marine compounds for progressive wound healing-Know-how. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 186:656-685. [PMID: 34271047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials are being extensively used in regenerative medicine including tissue engineering applications, as these enhance tissue development, repair, and help in the process of angiogenesis. Wound healing is a crucial biological process of regeneration of ruptured tissue after getting injury to the skin and other soft tissue in humans and animals. Besides, the accumulation of microbial biofilms around the wound surface can increase the risk and physically obstruct the wound healing activity, and may even lead to amputation. Hence, in both acute and chronic wounds, prominent biomaterials are required for wound healing along with antimicrobial agents. This review comprehensively addresses the antimicrobial and wound healing effects of chitosan, chitin, cellulose acetate, hyaluronic acid, pullulan, bacterial cellulose, fibrin, alginate, etc. based wound dressing biomaterials fabricated with natural resources such as honey, plant bioactive compounds, and marine-based polymers. Due to their excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, bioactive compounds derived from honey, plants, and marine resources are commonly used in biomedical and tissue engineering applications. Different types of polymer-based biomaterials including hydrogel, film, scaffold, nanofiber, and sponge dressings fabricated with bioactive agents including honey, curcumin, tannin, quercetin, andrographolide, gelatin, carrageenan, etc., can exhibit significant wound healing process in, diabetic wounds, diabetic ulcers, and burns, and help in cartilage repair along with good biocompatibility and antimicrobial effects. Among the reviewed biomaterials, carbohydrate polymers such as chitosan-based biomaterials are prominent and widely used for wound healing applications followed by hyaluronic acid and alginate-based biomaterials loaded with honey, plant, and marine compounds. This review first provides an overview of the vast natural resources used to formulate different biomaterials for the treatment of antimicrobial, acute, and chronic wound healing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugan Prasathkumar
- Biomaterials and Bioprocess Laboratory, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India
| | - Subramaniam Sadhasivam
- Biomaterials and Bioprocess Laboratory, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India; Department of Extension and Career Guidance, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India.
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232
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Naomi R, Bahari H, Ridzuan PM, Othman F. Natural-Based Biomaterial for Skin Wound Healing (Gelatin vs. Collagen): Expert Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2319. [PMID: 34301076 PMCID: PMC8309321 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen (Col) and gelatin are most extensively used in various fields, particularly in pharmaceuticals and therapeutics. Numerous researchers have proven that they are highly biocompatible to human tissues, exhibit low antigenicity and are easy to degrade. Despite their different sources both Col and gelatin have almost the same effects when it comes to wound healing mechanisms. Considering this, the bioactivity and biological effects of both Col and gelatin have been, and are being, constantly investigated through in vitro and in vivo assays to obtain maximum outcomes in the future. With regard to their proven nutritional values as sources of protein, Col and gelatin products exert various possible biological activities on cells in the extracellular matrix (ECM). In addition, a vast number of novel Col and gelatin applications have been discovered. This review compared Col and gelatin in terms of their structures, sources of derivatives, physicochemical properties, results of in vitro and in vivo studies, their roles in wound healing and the current challenges in wound healing. Thus, this review provides the current insights and the latest discoveries on both Col and gelatin in their wound healing mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Naomi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (R.N.); (H.B.)
| | - Hasnah Bahari
- Department of Human Anatomy, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (R.N.); (H.B.)
| | | | - Fezah Othman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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233
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The Influence of Bloom Index, Endotoxin Levels and Polyethylene Glycol Succinimidyl Glutarate Crosslinking on the Physicochemical and Biological Properties of Gelatin Biomaterials. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11071003. [PMID: 34356627 PMCID: PMC8301829 DOI: 10.3390/biom11071003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the medical device sector, bloom index and residual endotoxins should be controlled, as they are crucial regulators of the device’s physicochemical and biological properties. It is also imperative to identify a suitable crosslinking method to increase mechanical integrity, without jeopardising cellular functions of gelatin-based devices. Herein, gelatin preparations with variable bloom index and endotoxin levels were used to fabricate non-crosslinked and polyethylene glycol succinimidyl glutarate crosslinked gelatin scaffolds, the physicochemical and biological properties of which were subsequently assessed. Gelatin preparations with low bloom index resulted in hydrogels with significantly (p < 0.05) lower compression stress, elastic modulus and resistance to enzymatic degradation, and significantly higher (p < 0.05) free amine content than gelatin preparations with high bloom index. Gelatin preparations with high endotoxin levels resulted in films that induced significantly (p < 0.05) higher macrophage clusters than gelatin preparations with low endotoxin level. Our data suggest that the bloom index modulates the physicochemical properties, and the endotoxin content regulates the biological response of gelatin biomaterials. Although polyethylene glycol succinimidyl glutarate crosslinking significantly (p < 0.05) increased compression stress, elastic modulus and resistance to enzymatic degradation, and significantly (p < 0.05) decreased free amine content, at the concentration used, it did not provide sufficient structural integrity to support cell culture. Therefore, the quest for the optimal gelatin crosslinker continues.
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235
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Rabiee N, Bagherzadeh M, Ghadiri AM, Fatahi Y, Aldhaher A, Makvandi P, Dinarvand R, Jouyandeh M, Saeb MR, Mozafari M, Shokouhimehr M, Hamblin MR, Varma RS. Turning Toxic Nanomaterials into a Safe and Bioactive Nanocarrier for Co-delivery of DOX/pCRISPR. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:5336-5351. [PMID: 35007014 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid bioactive inorganic-organic carbon-based nanocomposites of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets enlarged with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were decorated to provide a suitable space for in situ growth of CoNi2S4 and green-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles. The ensuing nanocarrier supplied π-π interactions between the DOX drug and a stabilizing agent derived from leaf extracts on the surface of ZnO nanoparticles and hydrogen bonds; gene delivery of (p)CRISPR was also facilitated by chitosan and alginate renewable macromolecules. Also, these polymers can inhibit the potential interactions between the inorganic parts and cellular membranes to reduce the potential cytotoxicity. Nanocomposite/nanocarrier analyses and sustained DOX delivery (cytotoxicity analyses on HEK-293, PC12, HepG2, and HeLa cell lines after 24, 48, and 72 h) were indicative of an acceptable cell viability of up to 91.4 and 78.8% after 48 at low and high concentrations of 0.1 and 10 μg/mL, respectively. The MTT results indicate that by addition of DOX to the nanostructures, the relative cell viability increased after 72 h of treatment; since the inorganic compartments, specifically CoNi2S4, are toxic, this is a promising route to increase the bioavailability of the nanocarrier before reaching the targeted cells. Nanosystems were tagged with (p)CRISPR for co-transfer of the drug/genes, where confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) pictures of the 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) were indicative of appropriate localization of DOX into the nanostructure with effective cell and drug delivery at varied pH. Also, the intrinsic toxicity of CoNi2S4 does not affect the morphology of the cells, which is a breakthrough. Furthermore, the CLSM images of the HEK-293 and HeLa cell displayed effective transport of (p)CRISPR into the cells with an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) of up to 8.3% for the HEK-293 cell line and 21.4% for the HeLa cell line, a record. Additionally, the specific morphology of the nanosystems before and after the drug/gene transport events, via images by TEM and FESEM, revealed an intact morphology for these biopolymers and their complete degradation after long-time usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Rabiee
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-3516, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Bagherzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-3516, Iran
| | | | - Yousef Fatahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6451, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6451, Iran.,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 15875-4413, Iran
| | - Abdullah Aldhaher
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-3516, Iran
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Centre for Materials Interface, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Pontedera 56025, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6451, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6451, Iran
| | - Maryam Jouyandeh
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Mozafari
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S, Canada
| | - Mohammadreza Shokouhimehr
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
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Xiang S, Li Z, Fritch MR, Li L, Velankar S, Liu Y, Sohn J, Baker N, Lin H, Tuan RS. Caveolin-1 mediates soft scaffold-enhanced adipogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:347. [PMID: 34127047 PMCID: PMC8201886 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02356-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) can differentiate into adipocytes upon stimulation and are considered an appropriate cell source for adipose tissue engineering. In addition to biochemical cues, the stiffness of a substrate that cells attach to has also been shown to affect hBMSC differentiation potential. Of note, most current studies are conducted on monolayer cultures which do not directly inform adipose tissue engineering, where 3-dimensional (3D) scaffolds are often used to create proper tissue architecture. In this study, we aim to examine the adipogenic differentiation of hBMSCs within soft or stiff scaffolds and investigate the molecular mechanism mediating the response of hBMSCs to substrate stiffness in 3D culture, specifically the involvement of the integral membrane protein, caveolin-1 (CAV1), known to regulate signaling in MSCs via compartmentalizing and concentrating signaling molecules. METHODS By adjusting the photo-illumination time, photocrosslinkable gelatin scaffolds with the same polymer concentration but different stiffnesses were created. hBMSCs were seeded within soft and stiff scaffolds, and their response to adipogenic induction under different substrate mechanical conditions was characterized. The functional involvement of CAV1 was assessed by suppressing its expression level using CAV1-specific siRNA. RESULTS The soft and stiff scaffolds used in this study had a compressive modulus of ~0.5 kPa and ~23.5 kPa, respectively. hBMSCs showed high viability in both scaffold types, but only spread out in the soft scaffolds. hBMSCs cultured in soft scaffolds displayed significantly higher adipogenesis, as revealed by histology, qRT-PCR, and immunostaining. Interestingly, a lower CAV1 level was observed in hBMSCs in the soft scaffolds, concomitantly accompanied by increased levels of Yes-associated protein (YAP) and decreased YAP phosphorylation, when compared to cells seeded in the stiff scaffolds. Interestingly, reducing CAV1 expression with siRNA was shown to further enhance hBMSC adipogenesis, which may function through activation of the YAP signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Soft biomaterials support superior adipogenesis of encapsulated hBMSCs in 3D culture, which is partially mediated by the CAV1-YAP axis. Suppressing CAV1 expression levels represents a robust method in the promotion of hBMSC adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Xiang
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Madalyn R Fritch
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - La Li
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sachin Velankar
- Department of Chem/Petroleum Engineering and Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yuwei Liu
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jihee Sohn
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Present Address: Biogen, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Natasha Baker
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Present Address: Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hang Lin
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. .,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. .,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. .,Present Address: Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Contessi Negrini N, Angelova Volponi A, Sharpe PT, Celiz AD. Tunable Cross-Linking and Adhesion of Gelatin Hydrogels via Bioorthogonal Click Chemistry. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:4330-4346. [PMID: 34086456 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Engineering cytocompatible hydrogels with tunable physico-mechanical properties as a biomimetic three-dimensional extracellular matrix (ECM) is fundamental to guide cell response and target tissue regeneration or development of in vitro models. Gelatin represents an optimal choice given its ECM biomimetic properties; however, gelatin cross-linking is required to ensure structural stability at physiological temperature (i.e., T > Tsol-gel gelatin). Here, we use a previously developed cross-linking reaction between tetrazine (Tz)- and norbornene (Nb) modified gelatin derivatives to prepare gelatin hydrogels and we demonstrate the possible tuning of their properties by varying their degree of modification (DOM) and the Tz/Nb ratio (R). The percentage DOM of the gelatin derivatives was tuned between 5 and 15%. Hydrogels prepared with higher DOM cross-linked faster (i.e., 10-20 min) compared to hydrogels prepared with lower DOM (i.e., 60-70 min). A higher DOM and equimolar Tz/Nb ratio R resulted in hydrogels with lower weight variation after immersion in PBS at 37 °C. The mechanical properties of the hydrogels were tuned by varying DOM and R by 1 order of magnitude, achieving elastic modulus E values ranging from 0.5 (low DOM and nonequimolar Tz/Nb ratio) to 5 kPa (high DOM and equimolar Tz/Nb ratio). Human dental pulp stem cells were embedded in the hydrogels and successfully 3D cultured in the hydrogels (percentage viable cells >85%). An increase in metabolic activity and a more elongated cell morphology was detected for cells cultured in hydrogels with lower mechanical properties (E < 1 kPa). Hydrogels prepared with an excess of Tz or Nb were successfully adhered and remained in contact during in vitro cultures, highlighting the potential use of these hydrogels as compartmentalized coculture systems. The successful tuning of the gelatin hydrogel properties here developed by controlling their bioorthogonal cross-linking is promising for tissue engineering and in vitro modeling applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Contessi Negrini
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 86 Wood Ln, W12 0BZ London, U.K
| | - Ana Angelova Volponi
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, SE1 9RT London, U.K
| | - Paul T Sharpe
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, SE1 9RT London, U.K
| | - Adam D Celiz
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 86 Wood Ln, W12 0BZ London, U.K
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238
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Zohreband Z, Adeli M, Zebardasti A. Self-healable and flexible supramolecular gelatin/MoS 2 hydrogels with molecular recognition properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:2048-2055. [PMID: 34087295 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional MoS2 is emerging as a unique platform for a wide range of biomedical applications including extracellular matrix mimics, drug delivery systems and antimicrobial agents. However, low processability and nonspecific interactions at biointerfaces are serious challenges that hamper the biomedical applications of this nanomaterial. Herein, we show how specific interactions between MoS2 and a gelatin matrix results in a biomimetic hydrogel with the self-healing and molecular recognition properties. β-Cyclodextrin was conjugated to the surface of freshly exfoliated MoS2 through a one pot nucleophilic substitution reaction and the obtained cyclodextrin-functionalized MoS2 was used to construct an injectable, self-healable and flexible supramolecular hydrogel upon host-guest interactions with adamantane-modified gelatin matrix. Incorporation of almost 1 wt% of CDMoS2 into gelatin matrix with 1cm2 cross-section resulted in a hydrogel that was able to tolerate one hundred grams. Also, storage modulus (G'), loss modulus (G″) of the obtained hydrogel was 10 and 25 times higher than that for the neat gelatin, respectively. Due to its self-healing, molecular recognition and mechanical properties as well as its flexibility, injectability, and processability, MoS2gel is a promising candidate for a wide range of future biomedical applications including extracellular matrix mimics and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Zohreband
- Department of Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Lorestan 68151-44316, Iran
| | - Mohsen Adeli
- Department of Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Lorestan 68151-44316, Iran.
| | - Abedin Zebardasti
- Department of Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Lorestan 68151-44316, Iran.
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239
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Riha SM, Maarof M, Fauzi MB. Synergistic Effect of Biomaterial and Stem Cell for Skin Tissue Engineering in Cutaneous Wound Healing: A Concise Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1546. [PMID: 34065898 PMCID: PMC8150744 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin tissue engineering has made remarkable progress in wound healing treatment with the advent of newer fabrication strategies using natural/synthetic polymers and stem cells. Stem cell therapy is used to treat a wide range of injuries and degenerative diseases of the skin. Nevertheless, many related studies demonstrated modest improvement in organ functions due to the low survival rate of transplanted cells at the targeted injured area. Thus, incorporating stem cells into biomaterial offer niches to transplanted stem cells, enhancing their delivery and therapeutic effects. Currently, through the skin tissue engineering approach, many attempts have employed biomaterials as a platform to improve the engraftment of implanted cells and facilitate the function of exogenous cells by mimicking the tissue microenvironment. This review aims to identify the limitations of stem cell therapy in wound healing treatment and potentially highlight how the use of various biomaterials can enhance the therapeutic efficiency of stem cells in tissue regeneration post-implantation. Moreover, the review discusses the combined effects of stem cells and biomaterials in in vitro and in vivo settings followed by identifying the key factors contributing to the treatment outcomes. Apart from stem cells and biomaterials, the role of growth factors and other cellular substitutes used in effective wound healing treatment has been mentioned. In conclusion, the synergistic effect of biomaterials and stem cells provided significant effectiveness in therapeutic outcomes mainly in wound healing improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mh Busra Fauzi
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (S.M.R.); (M.M.)
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240
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Gong L, Petchakup C, Shi P, Tan PL, Tan LP, Tay CY, Hou HW. Direct and Label-Free Cell Status Monitoring of Spheroids and Microcarriers Using Microfluidic Impedance Cytometry. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2007500. [PMID: 33759381 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
3D cellular spheroids/microcarriers (100 µm-1 mm) are widely used in biomanufacturing, and non-invasive biosensors are useful to monitor cell quality in bioprocesses. In this work, a novel microfluidic approach for label-free and continuous-flow monitoring of single spheroid/microcarrier (hydrogel and Cytodex) based on electrical impedance spectroscopy using co-planar Field's metal electrodes is reported. Through numerical simulation and experimental validation, two unique impedance signatures (|ZLF | (60 kHz), |ZHF | (1 MHz)) which are optimal for spheroid growth and viability monitoring are identified. Using a closed-loop recirculation system, it is demonstrated that |ZLF | increases with breast cancer (MCF-7) spheroid biomass, while higher opacity (impedance ratio |ZHF |/|ZLF |) indicates cell death due to compromised cell membrane. Anti-cancer drug (paclitaxel)-treated spheroids also exhibit lower |ZLF | with increased cell dissociation. Interestingly, impedance characterization of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell differentiation on Cytodex microcarriers reveals that adipogenic cells (higher intracellular lipid content) exhibit higher impedance than osteogenic cells (more conductive due to calcium ions) for both microcarriers and single cell level. Taken together, the developed platform offers great versatility for multi-parametric analysis of spheroids/microcarriers at high throughput (≈1 particle/s), and can be readily integrated into bioreactors for long-term and remote monitoring of biomass and cell quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Gong
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798
| | - Chayakorn Petchakup
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798
| | - Pujiang Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798
| | - Pei Leng Tan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798
| | - Lay Poh Tan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798
| | - Chor Yong Tay
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551
- Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, 1 CleanTech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore, 637141
- Energy Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553
| | - Han Wei Hou
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized Medicine, Singapore-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #10-01, CREATE Tower, Singapore, 138602
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241
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Magli S, Rossi L, Consentino C, Bertini S, Nicotra F, Russo L. Combined Analytical Approaches to Standardize and Characterize Biomaterials Formulations: Application to Chitosan-Gelatin Cross-Linked Hydrogels. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050683. [PMID: 34062918 PMCID: PMC8147276 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A protocol based on the combination of different analytical methodologies is proposed to standardize the experimental conditions for reproducible formulations of hybrid hydrogels. The final hybrid material, based on the combination of gelatin and chitosan functionalized with methylfuran and cross-linked with 4-arm-PEG-maleimide, is able to mimic role, dynamism, and structural complexity of the extracellular matrix. Physical-chemical properties of starting polymers and finals constructs were characterized exploiting the combination of HP-SEC-TDA, UV, FT-IR, NMR, and TGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Magli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (S.M.); (L.R.); (F.N.)
- BioNanoMedicine Center, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Rossi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (S.M.); (L.R.); (F.N.)
- BioNanoMedicine Center, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Cesare Consentino
- G. Ronzoni Institute for Chemical and Biochemical Research, 20126 Milan, Italy; (C.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Sabrina Bertini
- G. Ronzoni Institute for Chemical and Biochemical Research, 20126 Milan, Italy; (C.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Francesco Nicotra
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (S.M.); (L.R.); (F.N.)
- BioNanoMedicine Center, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Russo
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (S.M.); (L.R.); (F.N.)
- BioNanoMedicine Center, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
- CÚRAM SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0264483462
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242
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Protein-Based 3D Biofabrication of Biomaterials. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:bioengineering8040048. [PMID: 33923425 PMCID: PMC8073780 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8040048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein/peptide-based hydrogel biomaterial inks with the ability to incorporate various cells and mimic the extracellular matrix's function are promising candidates for 3D printing and biomaterials engineering. This is because proteins contain multiple functional groups as reactive sites for enzymatic, chemical modification or physical gelation or cross-linking, which is essential for the filament formation and printing processes in general. The primary mechanism in the protein gelation process is the unfolding of its native structure and its aggregation into a gel network. This network is then stabilized through both noncovalent and covalent cross-link. Diverse proteins and polypeptides can be obtained from humans, animals, or plants or can be synthetically engineered. In this review, we describe the major proteins that have been used for 3D printing, highlight their physicochemical properties in relation to 3D printing and their various tissue engineering application are discussed.
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243
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Ng S, Kurisawa M. Integrating biomaterials and food biopolymers for cultured meat production. Acta Biomater 2021; 124:108-129. [PMID: 33472103 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cultured meat has recently achieved mainstream prominence due to the emergence of societal and industrial interest. In contrast to animal-based production of traditional meat, the cultured meat approach entails laboratory cultivation of engineered muscle tissue. However, bioengineers have hitherto engineered tissues to fulfil biomedical endpoints, and have had limited experience in engineering muscle tissue for its post-mortem traits, which broadly govern consumer definitions of meat quality. Furthermore, existing tissue engineering approaches face fundamental challenges in technical feasibility and industrial scalability for cultured meat production. This review discusses how animal-based meat production variables influence meat properties at both the molecular and functional level, and whether current cultured meat approaches recapitulate these properties. In addition, this review considers how conventional meat producers employ exogenous biopolymer-based meat ingredients and processing techniques to mimic desirable meat properties in meat products. Finally, current biomaterial strategies for engineering muscle and adipose tissue are surveyed in the context of emerging constraints that pertain to cultured meat production, such as edibility, sustainability and scalability, and potential areas for integrating biomaterials and food biopolymer approaches to address these constraints are discussed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Laboratory-grown or cultured meat has gained increasing interest from industry and the public, but currently faces significant impediment to market feasibility. This is due to fundamental knowledge gaps in producing realistic meat tissues via conventional tissue engineering approaches, as well as translational challenges in scaling up these approaches in an efficient, sustainable and high-volume manner. By defining the molecular basis for desirable meat quality attributes, such as taste and texture, and introducing the fundamental roles of food biopolymers in mimicking these properties in conventional meat products, this review aims to bridge the historically disparate fields of meat science and biomaterials engineering in order to inspire potentially synergistic strategies that address some of these challenges.
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244
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Cytocompatibility and Suitability of Protein-Based Biomaterials as Potential Candidates for Corneal Tissue Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073648. [PMID: 33807473 PMCID: PMC8037783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The vision impairments suffered by millions of people worldwide and the shortage of corneal donors show the need of substitutes that mimic native tissue to promote cell growth and subsequent tissue regeneration. The current study focused on the in vitro assessment of protein-based biomaterials that could be a potential source for corneal scaffolds. Collagen, soy protein isolate (SPI), and gelatin films cross-linked with lactose or citric acid were prepared and physicochemical, transmittance, and degradation measurements were carried out. In vitro cytotoxicity, cell adhesion, and migration studies were performed with human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells and 3T3 fibroblasts for the films’ cytocompatibility assessment. Transmittance values met the cornea’s needs, and the degradation profile revealed a progressive biomaterials’ decomposition in enzymatic and hydrolytic assays. Cell viability at 72 h was above 70% when exposed to SPI and gelatin films. Live/dead assays and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis demonstrated the adhesion of both cell types to the films, with a similar arrangement to that observed in controls. Besides, both cell lines were able to proliferate and migrate over the films. Without ruling out any material, the appropriate optical and biological properties shown by lactose-crosslinked gelatin film highlight its potential for corneal bioengineering.
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245
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d’Avanzo N, Bruno MC, Giudice A, Mancuso A, Gaetano FD, Cristiano MC, Paolino D, Fresta M. Influence of Materials Properties on Bio-Physical Features and Effectiveness of 3D-Scaffolds for Periodontal Regeneration. Molecules 2021; 26:1643. [PMID: 33804244 PMCID: PMC7999474 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases are multifactorial disorders, mainly due to severe infections and inflammation which affect the tissues (i.e., gum and dental bone) that support and surround the teeth. These pathologies are characterized by bleeding gums, pain, bad breath and, in more severe forms, can lead to the detachment of gum from teeth, causing their loss. To date it is estimated that severe periodontal diseases affect around 10% of the population worldwide thus making necessary the development of effective treatments able to both reduce the infections and inflammation in injured sites and improve the regeneration of damaged tissues. In this scenario, the use of 3D scaffolds can play a pivotal role by providing an effective platform for drugs, nanosystems, growth factors, stem cells, etc., improving the effectiveness of therapies and reducing their systemic side effects. The aim of this review is to describe the recent progress in periodontal regeneration, highlighting the influence of materials' properties used to realize three-dimensional (3D)-scaffolds, their bio-physical characteristics and their ability to provide a biocompatible platform able to embed nanosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola d’Avanzo
- Department of Health Science, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario—Germaneto, Viale Europa, I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (N.d.); (M.C.B.); (A.G.); (A.M.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti−Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Bruno
- Department of Health Science, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario—Germaneto, Viale Europa, I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (N.d.); (M.C.B.); (A.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Amerigo Giudice
- Department of Health Science, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario—Germaneto, Viale Europa, I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (N.d.); (M.C.B.); (A.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Antonia Mancuso
- Department of Health Science, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario—Germaneto, Viale Europa, I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (N.d.); (M.C.B.); (A.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Federica De Gaetano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Maria Chiara Cristiano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario—Germaneto, Viale Europa, I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Donatella Paolino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario—Germaneto, Viale Europa, I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Massimo Fresta
- Department of Health Science, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario—Germaneto, Viale Europa, I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (N.d.); (M.C.B.); (A.G.); (A.M.)
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Ahmed U, Ahmed R, Masoud MS, Tariq M, Ashfaq UA, Augustine R, Hasan A. Stem cells based in vitro models: trends and prospects in biomaterials cytotoxicity studies. Biomed Mater 2021; 16:042003. [PMID: 33686970 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abe6d8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Advanced biomaterials are increasingly used for numerous medical applications from the delivery of cancer-targeted therapeutics to the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The issues of foreign body reactions induced by biomaterials must be controlled for preventing treatment failure. Therefore, it is important to assess the biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of biomaterials on cell culture systems before proceeding to in vivo studies in animal models and subsequent clinical trials. Direct use of biomaterials on animals create technical challenges and ethical issues and therefore, the use of non-animal models such as stem cell cultures could be useful for determination of their safety. However, failure to recapitulate the complex in vivo microenvironment have largely restricted stem cell cultures for testing the cytotoxicity of biomaterials. Nevertheless, properties of stem cells such as their self-renewal and ability to differentiate into various cell lineages make them an ideal candidate for in vitro screening studies. Furthermore, the application of stem cells in biomaterials screening studies may overcome the challenges associated with the inability to develop a complex heterogeneous tissue using primary cells. Currently, embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells are being used as in vitro preliminary biomaterials testing models with demonstrated advantages over mature primary cell or cell line based in vitro models. This review discusses the status and future directions of in vitro stem cell-based cultures and their derivatives such as spheroids and organoids for the screening of their safety before their application to animal models and human in translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzair Ahmed
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000 Punjab, Pakistan
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Nguyen HD, Sun X, Yokota H, Lin CC. Probing Osteocyte Functions in Gelatin Hydrogels with Tunable Viscoelasticity. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:1115-1126. [PMID: 33543929 PMCID: PMC10548335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bone is an attractive site for metastatic cancer cells and has been considered as "soil" for promoting tumor growth. However, accumulating evidence suggests that some bone cells (e.g., osteocytes) can actually suppress cancer cell migration and invasion via direct cell-cell contact and/or through cytokine secretion. Toward designing a biomimetic niche for supporting 3D osteocyte culture, we present here a gelatin-based hydrogel system with independently tunable matrix stiffness and viscoelasticity. In particular, we synthesized a bifunctional macromer, gelatin-norbornene-boronic acid (i.e., GelNB-BA), for covalent cross-linking with multifunctional thiol linkers [e.g., four-arm poly(ethylene glycol)-thiol or PEG4SH] to form thiol-NB hydrogels. The immobilized BA moieties in the hydrogel readily formed reversible boronate ester bonds with 1,3-diols on physically entrapped poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). Adjusting the compositions of GelNB-BA, PEG4SH, and PVA afforded hydrogels with independently tunable elasticity and viscoelasticity. With this new dynamic hydrogel platform, we investigated matrix mechanics-induced growth and cytokine secretion of encapsulated MLO-A5 pre-osteocytes. We discovered that more compliant or viscoelastic gels promoted A5 cell growth. On the other hand, cells encapsulated in stiffer gels secreted higher amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Finally, conditioned media (CM) collected from the encapsulated MLO-A5 cells (i.e., A5-CM) strongly inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and expression of tumor-activating genes. This new biomimetic hydrogel platform not only serves as a versatile matrix for investigating mechano-sensing in osteocytes but also provides a means to produce powerful anti-tumor CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han D. Nguyen
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Xun Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering & Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Hiroki Yokota
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering & Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Chien-Chi Lin
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering & Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Glover K, Stratakos AC, Varadi A, Lamprou DA. 3D scaffolds in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers: New trends vs conventional approaches. Int J Pharm 2021; 599:120423. [PMID: 33647412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus, affecting roughly 25% of diabetic patients and resulting in lower limb amputation in over 70% of known cases. In addition to the devastating physiological consequences of DFU and its impact on patient quality of life, DFU has significant clinical and economic implications. Various traditional therapies are implemented to effectively treat DFU. However, emerging technologies such as bioprinting and electrospinning, present an exciting opportunity to improve current treatment strategies through the development of 3D scaffolds, by overcoming the limitations of current wound healing strategies. This review provides a summary on (i) current prevention and treatment strategies available for DFU; (ii) methods of fabrication of 3D scaffolds relevant for this condition; (iii) suitable materials and commonly used molecules for the treatment of DFU; and (iv) future directions offered by emerging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Glover
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Alexandros Ch Stratakos
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Center for Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Aniko Varadi
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Center for Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Dimitrios A Lamprou
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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249
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Ali M, Payne SL. Biomaterial-based cell delivery strategies to promote liver regeneration. Biomater Res 2021; 25:5. [PMID: 33632335 PMCID: PMC7905561 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-021-00206-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis is a widespread and untreatable condition that leads to lifelong impairment and eventual death. The scarcity of liver transplantation options requires the development of new strategies to attenuate disease progression and reestablish liver function by promoting regeneration. Biomaterials are becoming an increasingly promising option to both culture and deliver cells to support in vivo viability and long-term function. There is a wide variety of both natural and synthetic biomaterials that are becoming established as delivery vehicles with their own unique advantages and disadvantages for liver regeneration. We review the latest developments in cell transplantation strategies to promote liver regeneration, with a focus on the use of both natural and synthetic biomaterials for cell culture and delivery. We conclude that future work will need to refine the use of these biomaterials and combine them with novel strategies that recapitulate liver organization and function in order to translate this strategy to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maqsood Ali
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Samantha L Payne
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
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250
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Skopinska-Wisniewska J, Tuszynska M, Olewnik-Kruszkowska E. Comparative Study of Gelatin Hydrogels Modified by Various Cross-Linking Agents. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14020396. [PMID: 33466924 PMCID: PMC7830246 DOI: 10.3390/ma14020396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Gelatin is a natural biopolymer derived from collagen. Due to its many advantages, such as swelling capacity, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and commercial availability, gelatin is widely used in the field of pharmacy, medicine, and the food industry. Gelatin solutions easily form hydrogels during cooling, however, the materials are mechanically poor. To improve their properties, they are often chemically crosslinked. The cross-linking agents are divided into two groups: Zero-length and non-zero-length cross-linkers. In this study, gelatin was cross-linked by three different cross-linking agents: EDC-NHS, as a typically used cross-linker, and also squaric acid (SQ) and dialdehyde starch (DAS), as representatives of a second group of cross-linkers. For all prepared gelatin hydrogels, mechanical strength tests, thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy, swelling ability, and SEM images were performed. The results indicate that the dialdehyde starch is a better cross-linking agent for gelatin than EDC-NHS. Meanwhile, the use of squaric acid does not give beneficial changes to the properties of the hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Skopinska-Wisniewska
- Chair of Biomaterials and Cosmetics Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7 Street, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Marta Tuszynska
- Chair of Biomaterials and Cosmetics Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7 Street, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Ewa Olewnik-Kruszkowska
- Chair of Physical Chemistry and Physicochemistry of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7 Street, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
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