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Yuliani S, Mustofa, Partadiredja G. Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) extract may prevent the deterioration of spatial memory and the deficit of estimated total number of hippocampal pyramidal cells of trimethyltin-exposed rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2017; 41:62-71. [PMID: 28440093 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2017.1293087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Protection of neurons from degeneration is an important preventive strategy for dementia. Much of the dementia pathology implicates oxidative stress pathways. Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) contains curcuminoids which has anti-oxidative and neuro-protective effects. These effects are considered to be similar to those of citicoline which has been regularly used as one of standard medications for dementia. OBJECTIVE This study aimed at investigating the effects of turmeric rhizome extract on the hippocampus of trimethyltin (TMT)-treated Sprague-Dawley rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats were divided randomly into six groups, i.e., a normal control group (N); Sn group, which was given TMT chloride; Sn-Cit group, which was treated with citicoline and TMT chloride; and three Sn-TE groups, which were treated with three different dosages of turmeric rhizome extract and TMT chloride. Morris water maze test was carried out to examine the spatial memory. The estimated total number of CA1 and CA2-CA3 pyramidal cells was calculated using a stereological method. RESULTS The administration of turmeric extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg bw has been shown to prevent the deficits in the spatial memory performance and partially inhibit the reduction of the number of CA2-CA3 regions pyramidal neurons. DISCUSSION TMT-induced neurotoxic damage seemed to be mediated by the generation of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species. Turmeric extract might act as anti inflammatory as well as anti-oxidant agent. CONCLUSIONS The effects of turmeric extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg bw seem to be comparable to those of citicoline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapto Yuliani
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , Ahmad Dahlan University , Yogyakarta , Indonesia
| | - Mustofa
- b Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine , Universitas Gadjah Mada , Yogyakarta , Indonesia
| | - Ginus Partadiredja
- c Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , Universitas Gadjah Mada , Yogyakarta , Indonesia
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202
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Translation of imaging biomarkers from clinical research to healthcare. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2017; 50:84-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s00391-017-1225-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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203
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Alexiou A, Mantzavinos VD, Greig NH, Kamal MA. A Bayesian Model for the Prediction and Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:77. [PMID: 28408880 PMCID: PMC5374875 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease treatment is still an open problem. The diversity of symptoms, the alterations in common pathophysiology, the existence of asymptomatic cases, the different types of sporadic and familial Alzheimer's and their relevance with other types of dementia and comorbidities, have already created a myth-fear against the leading disease of the twenty first century. Many failed latest clinical trials and novel medications have revealed the early diagnosis as the most critical treatment solution, even though scientists tested the amyloid hypothesis and few related drugs. Unfortunately, latest studies have indicated that the disease begins at the very young ages thus making it difficult to determine the right time of proper treatment. By taking into consideration all these multivariate aspects and unreliable factors against an appropriate treatment, we focused our research on a non-classic statistical evaluation of the most known and accepted Alzheimer's biomarkers. Therefore, in this paper, the code and few experimental results of a computational Bayesian tool have being reported, dedicated to the correlation and assessment of several Alzheimer's biomarkers to export a probabilistic medical prognostic process. This new statistical software is executable in the Bayesian software Winbugs, based on the latest Alzheimer's classification and the formulation of the known relative probabilities of the various biomarkers, correlated with Alzheimer's progression, through a set of discrete distributions. A user-friendly web page has been implemented for the supporting of medical doctors and researchers, to upload Alzheimer's tests and receive statistics on the occurrence of Alzheimer's disease development or presence, due to abnormal testing in one or more biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Alexiou
- Novel Global Community Educational FoundationalHebersham, NSW, Australia
| | - Vasileios D. Mantzavinos
- Novel Global Community Educational FoundationalHebersham, NSW, Australia
- Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of ThessalyLamia, Greece
| | - Nigel H. Greig
- Drug Design and Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National, Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Biomedical Research CenterBaltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mohammad A. Kamal
- Novel Global Community Educational FoundationalHebersham, NSW, Australia
- Metabolomics and Enzymology Unit, Fundamental and Applied Biology Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah, Saudi Arabia
- EnzymoicsHebersham, NSW, Australia
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204
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Cleutjens FAHM, Ponds RWHM, Spruit MA, Burgmans S, Jacobs HIL, Gronenschild EHBM, Staals J, Franssen FME, Dijkstra JB, Vanfleteren LEGW, Hofman PA, Wouters EFM, Janssen DJA. The Relationship between Cerebral Small Vessel Disease, Hippocampal Volume and Cognitive Functioning in Patients with COPD: An MRI Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:88. [PMID: 28424613 PMCID: PMC5371656 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural correlates of cognitive impairment in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are not yet understood. Structural brain abnormalities could possibly be associated with the presence of cognitive impairment through cigarette smoke, inflammation, vascular disease, or hypoxemia in these patients. This study aimed to investigate whether macrostructural brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) and hippocampal volume (HCV) are related to cognitive performance in patients with COPD. A subgroup of cognitively high and low-performing COPD patients of the COgnitive-PD study, underwent a brain 3T MRI. SVD as a marker of vascular damage was assessed using qualitative visual rating scales. HCV as a marker of neurodegeneration was assessed using the learning embedding for atlas propagation (LEAP) method. Features of SVD and HCV were compared between cognitively high and low-performing individuals using Mann Whitney U tests and independent samples t-tests, respectively. No group differences were reported between 25 high-performing (mean age 60.3 (standard deviation [SD] 9.7) years; 40.0% men; forced expiratory volume in first second [FEV1] 50.1% predicted) and 30 low-performing patients with COPD (mean age 60.6 (SD 6.8) years; 53.3% men; FEV1 55.6% predicted) regarding demographics, clinical characteristics, comorbidities and the presence of the SVD features and HCV. To conclude, the current study does not provide evidence for a relationship between cerebral SVD and HCV and cognitive functioning in patients with COPD. Additional studies will be needed to determine other possible mechanisms of cognitive impairment in patients with COPD, including microstructural brain changes and inflammatory-, hormonal-, metabolic- and (epi)genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona A H M Cleutjens
- Department of Research and Education, Centre of Expertise for Chronic Organ Failure (CIRO)Horn, Netherlands
| | - Rudolf W H M Ponds
- Department of Medical Psychology, Maastricht UMC+/School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (MHeNS)Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Martijn A Spruit
- Department of Research and Education, Centre of Expertise for Chronic Organ Failure (CIRO)Horn, Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht, Netherlands
| | - Saartje Burgmans
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht UniversityMaastricht, Netherlands
| | - Heidi I L Jacobs
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht UniversityMaastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ed H B M Gronenschild
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht UniversityMaastricht, Netherlands
| | - Julie Staals
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical CentreMaastricht, Netherlands
| | - Frits M E Franssen
- Department of Research and Education, Centre of Expertise for Chronic Organ Failure (CIRO)Horn, Netherlands
| | - Jeanette B Dijkstra
- Department of Medical Psychology, Maastricht UMC+/School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (MHeNS)Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Lowie E G W Vanfleteren
- Department of Research and Education, Centre of Expertise for Chronic Organ Failure (CIRO)Horn, Netherlands
| | - Paul A Hofman
- Department of Radiology, Maastricht University Medical CentreMaastricht, Netherlands
| | - Emiel F M Wouters
- Department of Research and Education, Centre of Expertise for Chronic Organ Failure (CIRO)Horn, Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht UMC+Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Daisy J A Janssen
- Department of Research and Education, Centre of Expertise for Chronic Organ Failure (CIRO)Horn, Netherlands
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205
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Weiner MW, Harvey D, Hayes J, Landau SM, Aisen PS, Petersen RC, Tosun D, Veitch DP, Jack CR, Decarli C, Saykin AJ, Grafman J, Neylan TC. Effects of traumatic brain injury and posttraumatic stress disorder on development of Alzheimer's disease in Vietnam Veterans using the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative: Preliminary Report. ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA-TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH & CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS 2017; 3:177-188. [PMID: 28758146 PMCID: PMC5526098 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have previously been reported to be associated with increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We are using biomarkers to study Vietnam Veterans with/without mild cognitive impairment with a history of at least one TBI and/or ongoing PTSD to determine whether these contribute to the development of AD. METHODS Potential subjects identified by Veterans Administration records underwent an initial telephone screen. Consented subjects underwent clinical evaluation, lumbar puncture, structural MRI and amyloid PET scans. RESULTS We observed worse cognitive functioning in PTSD and TBI + PTSD groups, worse global cognitive functioning in the PTSD group, lower superior parietal volume in the TBI + PTSD group, and lower amyloid positivity in the PTSD group, but not the TBI group compared to controls without TBI/PTSD. Medial temporal lobe atrophy was not increased in the PTSD and/or TBI groups. DISCUSSION Preliminary results do not indicate that TBI or PTSD increase the risk for AD measured by amyloid PET. Additional recruitment, longitudinal follow-up, and tau PET scans will provide more information in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Weiner
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San, Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Danielle Harvey
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jacqueline Hayes
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San, Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Susan M Landau
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Paul S Aisen
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, University of Southern California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Duygu Tosun
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San, Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dallas P Veitch
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San, Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Charles Decarli
- Imaging of Dementia and Aging (IDeA) Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jordan Grafman
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Cognitive Neurology/Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Feinberg School of Medicine and Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thomas C Neylan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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206
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An H, Choi B, Son SJ, Cho EY, Kim SO, Cho S, Kang DH, Lee C, Kim SY. Renal function affects hippocampal volume and cognition: The role of vascular burden and amyloid deposition. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17:1899-1906. [DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hoyoung An
- National Institute of Dementia; Seongnam South Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National; University Bundang Hospital; Seongnam South Korea
| | - Booyeol Choi
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center; Seoul South Korea
| | - Sang Joon Son
- Department of Psychiatry; Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University, School of Medicine; Suwon South Korea
| | - Eun Young Cho
- Department of Biostatistics; Korea University Graduate School; Seoul South Korea
| | - Seon-Ok Kim
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics; University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center; Seoul South Korea
| | - Sooyun Cho
- Clinical Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychology; Seoul National University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Duk-Hee Kang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine; Ewha Woman's University, College of Medicine, Ewha Woman's University Mokdong Hospital; Seoul South Korea
| | - Chul Lee
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center; Seoul South Korea
| | - Seong Yoon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center; Seoul South Korea
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207
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Almdahl IS, Lauridsen C, Selnes P, Kalheim LF, Coello C, Gajdzik B, Møller I, Wettergreen M, Grambaite R, Bjørnerud A, Bråthen G, Sando SB, White LR, Fladby T. Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Amyloid Beta 1-43 Mirror 1-42 in Relation to Imaging Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:9. [PMID: 28223932 PMCID: PMC5293760 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Amyloid beta 1-43 (Aβ43), with its additional C-terminal threonine residue, is hypothesized to play a role in early Alzheimer’s disease pathology possibly different from that of amyloid beta 1-42 (Aβ42). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ43 has been suggested as a potential novel biomarker for predicting conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia in Alzheimer’s disease. However, the relationship between CSF Aβ43 and established imaging biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease has never been assessed. Materials and Methods: In this observational study, CSF Aβ43 was measured with ELISA in 89 subjects; 34 with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), 51 with MCI, and four with resolution of previous cognitive complaints. All subjects underwent structural MRI; 40 subjects on a 3T and 50 on a 1.5T scanner. Forty subjects, including 24 with SCD and 12 with MCI, underwent 18F-Flutemetamol PET. Seventy-eight subjects were assessed with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET (21 SCD/7 MCI and 11 SCD/39 MCI on two different scanners). Ten subjects with SCD and 39 with MCI also underwent diffusion tensor imaging. Results: Cerebrospinal fluid Aβ43 was both alone and together with p-tau a significant predictor of the distinction between SCD and MCI. There was a marked difference in CSF Aβ43 between subjects with 18F-Flutemetamol PET scans visually interpreted as negative (37 pg/ml, n = 27) and positive (15 pg/ml, n = 9), p < 0.001. Both CSF Aβ43 and Aβ42 were negatively correlated with standardized uptake value ratios for all analyzed regions; CSF Aβ43 average rho -0.73, Aβ42 -0.74. Both CSF Aβ peptides correlated significantly with hippocampal volume, inferior parietal and frontal cortical thickness and axial diffusivity in the corticospinal tract. There was a trend toward CSF Aβ42 being better correlated with cortical glucose metabolism. None of the studied correlations between CSF Aβ43/42 and imaging biomarkers were significantly different for the two Aβ peptides when controlling for multiple testing. Conclusion: Cerebrospinal fluid Aβ43 appears to be strongly correlated with cerebral amyloid deposits in the same way as Aβ42, even in non-demented patients with only subjective cognitive complaints. Regarding imaging biomarkers, there is no evidence from the present study that CSF Aβ43 performs better than the classical CSF biomarker Aβ42 for distinguishing SCD and MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina S Almdahl
- Division of Medicine and Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of OsloOslo, Norway; Department of Neurology, Akershus University HospitalLørenskog, Norway
| | - Camilla Lauridsen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim, Norway
| | - Per Selnes
- Division of Medicine and Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of OsloOslo, Norway; Department of Neurology, Akershus University HospitalLørenskog, Norway
| | - Lisa F Kalheim
- Division of Medicine and Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of OsloOslo, Norway; Department of Neurology, Akershus University HospitalLørenskog, Norway
| | - Christopher Coello
- Preclinical PET/CT, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ina Møller
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Trondheim Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marianne Wettergreen
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University HospitalLørenskog, Norway; Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo - Akershus University HospitalLørenskog, Norway
| | - Ramune Grambaite
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Atle Bjørnerud
- The Intervention Centre, Oslo University Hospital Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Bråthen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheim, Norway; Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital of TrondheimTrondheim, Norway
| | - Sigrid B Sando
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheim, Norway; Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital of TrondheimTrondheim, Norway
| | - Linda R White
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheim, Norway; Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital of TrondheimTrondheim, Norway
| | - Tormod Fladby
- Division of Medicine and Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of OsloOslo, Norway; Department of Neurology, Akershus University HospitalLørenskog, Norway
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208
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Horváth A, Szűcs A, Barcs G, Kamondi A. Sleep EEG Detects Epileptiform Activity in Alzheimer’s Disease with High Sensitivity. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 56:1175-1183. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-160994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- András Horváth
- National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Semmelweis University School of PhD Studies, János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Szűcs
- National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Barcs
- National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anita Kamondi
- National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Neurology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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209
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Seibert TM, Karunamuni R, Bartsch H, Kaifi S, Krishnan AP, Dalia Y, Burkeen J, Murzin V, Moiseenko V, Kuperman J, White NS, Brewer JB, Farid N, McDonald CR, Hattangadi-Gluth JA. Radiation Dose-Dependent Hippocampal Atrophy Detected With Longitudinal Volumetric Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017; 97:263-269. [PMID: 28068234 PMCID: PMC5267344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE After radiation therapy (RT) to the brain, patients often experience memory impairment, which may be partially mediated by damage to the hippocampus. Hippocampal sparing in RT planning is the subject of recent and ongoing clinical trials. Calculating appropriate hippocampal dose constraints would be improved by efficient in vivo measurements of hippocampal damage. In this study we sought to determine whether brain RT was associated with dose-dependent hippocampal atrophy. METHODS AND MATERIALS Hippocampal volume was measured with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 52 patients who underwent fractionated, partial brain RT for primary brain tumors. Study patients had high-resolution, 3-dimensional volumetric MRI before and 1 year after RT. Images were processed using software with clearance from the US Food and Drug Administration and Conformité Européene marking for automated measurement of hippocampal volume. Automated results were inspected visually for accuracy. Tumor and surgical changes were censored. Mean hippocampal dose was tested for correlation with hippocampal atrophy 1 year after RT. Average hippocampal volume change was also calculated for hippocampi receiving high (>40 Gy) or low (<10 Gy) mean RT dose. A multivariate analysis was conducted with linear mixed-effects modeling to evaluate other potential predictors of hippocampal volume change, including patient (random effect), age, hemisphere, sex, seizure history, and baseline volume. Statistical significance was evaluated at α = 0.05. RESULTS Mean hippocampal dose was significantly correlated with hippocampal volume loss (r=-0.24, P=.03). Mean hippocampal volume was significantly reduced 1 year after high-dose RT (mean -6%, P=.009) but not after low-dose RT. In multivariate analysis, both RT dose and patient age were significant predictors of hippocampal atrophy (P<.01). CONCLUSIONS The hippocampus demonstrates radiation dose-dependent atrophy after treatment for brain tumors. Quantitative MRI is a noninvasive imaging technique capable of measuring radiation effects on intracranial structures. This technique could be investigated as a potential biomarker for development of reliable dose constraints for improved cognitive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler M Seibert
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Roshan Karunamuni
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Hauke Bartsch
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Samar Kaifi
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | | | - Yoseph Dalia
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jeffrey Burkeen
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Vyacheslav Murzin
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Vitali Moiseenko
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Joshua Kuperman
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Nathan S White
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - James B Brewer
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Nikdokht Farid
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Carrie R McDonald
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jona A Hattangadi-Gluth
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.
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210
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Fiford CM, Manning EN, Bartlett JW, Cash DM, Malone IB, Ridgway GR, Lehmann M, Leung KK, Sudre CH, Ourselin S, Biessels GJ, Carmichael OT, Fox NC, Cardoso MJ, Barnes J. White matter hyperintensities are associated with disproportionate progressive hippocampal atrophy. Hippocampus 2017; 27:249-262. [PMID: 27933676 PMCID: PMC5324634 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates relationships between white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology markers, and brain and hippocampal volume loss. Subjects included 198 controls, 345 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 154 AD subjects with serial volumetric 1.5‐T MRI. CSF Aβ42 and total tau were measured (n = 353). Brain and hippocampal loss were quantified from serial MRI using the boundary shift integral (BSI). Multiple linear regression models assessed the relationships between WMHs and hippocampal and brain atrophy rates. Models were refitted adjusting for (a) concurrent brain/hippocampal atrophy rates and (b) CSF Aβ42 and tau in subjects with CSF data. WMH burden was positively associated with hippocampal atrophy rate in controls (P = 0.002) and MCI subjects (P = 0.03), and with brain atrophy rate in controls (P = 0.03). The associations with hippocampal atrophy rate remained following adjustment for concurrent brain atrophy rate in controls and MCIs, and for CSF biomarkers in controls (P = 0.007). These novel results suggest that vascular damage alongside AD pathology is associated with disproportionately greater hippocampal atrophy in nondemented older adults. © 2016 The Authors Hippocampus Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassidy M Fiford
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emily N Manning
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - David M Cash
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.,Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian B Malone
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gerard R Ridgway
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, FMRIB Centre, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manja Lehmann
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kelvin K Leung
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carole H Sudre
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.,Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastien Ourselin
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.,Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Geert Jan Biessels
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nick C Fox
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Jorge Cardoso
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.,Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Josephine Barnes
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
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211
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Reiter K, Nielson KA, Durgerian S, Woodard JL, Smith JC, Seidenberg M, Kelly DA, Rao SM. Five-Year Longitudinal Brain Volume Change in Healthy Elders at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 55:1363-1377. [PMID: 27834774 PMCID: PMC5924681 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathological changes associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) precede symptom onset by more than a decade. Possession of an apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for late onset AD. Cross-sectional studies of cognitively intact elders have noted smaller hippocampal/medial temporal volumes in ɛ4 carriers (ɛ4+) compared to ɛ4 non-carriers (ɛ4-). Few studies, however, have examined long-term, longitudinal, anatomical brain changes comparing healthy ɛ4+ and ɛ4- individuals. The current five-year study examined global and regional volumes of cortical and subcortical grey and white matter and ventricular size in 42 ɛ4+ and 30 ɛ4- individuals. Cognitively intact participants, ages 65-85 at study entry, underwent repeat anatomical MRI scans on three occasions: baseline, 1.5, and 4.75 years. Results indicated no between-group volumetric differences at baseline. Over the follow-up interval, the ɛ4+ group experienced a greater rate of volume loss in total grey matter, bilateral hippocampi, right hippocampal subfields, bilateral lingual gyri, bilateral parahippocampal gyri, and right lateral orbitofrontal cortex compared to the ɛ4- group. Greater loss in grey matter volumes in ɛ4+ participants were accompanied by greater increases in lateral, third, and fourth ventricular volumes. Rate of change in white matter volumes did not differentiate the groups. The current results indicate that longitudinal measurements of brain atrophy can serve as a sensitive biomarker for identifying neuropathological changes in persons at genetic risk for AD and potentially, for assessing the efficacy of treatments designed to slow or prevent disease progression during the preclinical stage of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristy A. Nielson
- Department of Psychology, Marquette University
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin
| | | | | | - J. Carson Smith
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland
| | | | - Dana A. Kelly
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University
| | - Stephen M. Rao
- Schey Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic
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212
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Sampath D, Sathyanesan M, Newton SS. Cognitive dysfunction in major depression and Alzheimer's disease is associated with hippocampal-prefrontal cortex dysconnectivity. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2017; 13:1509-1519. [PMID: 28652752 PMCID: PMC5476659 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s136122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction is prevalent in psychiatric disorders. Deficits are observed in multiple domains, including working memory, executive function, attention, and information processing. Disability caused by cognitive dysfunction is frequently as debilitating as the prominent emotional disturbances. Interactions between the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex are increasingly appreciated as an important link between cognition and emotion. Recent developments in optogenetics, imaging, and connectomics can enable the investigation of this circuit in a manner that is relevant to disease pathophysiology. The goal of this review is to shed light on the contributions of this circuit to cognitive dysfunction in neuropsychiatric disorders, focusing on Alzheimer's disease and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayalan Sampath
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion
| | - Monica Sathyanesan
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion.,Sioux Falls VA Healthcare System, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Samuel S Newton
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion.,Sioux Falls VA Healthcare System, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
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213
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Zhao Y, Raichle ME, Wen J, Benzinger TL, Fagan AM, Hassenstab J, Vlassenko AG, Luo J, Cairns NJ, Christensen JJ, Morris JC, Yablonskiy DA. In vivo detection of microstructural correlates of brain pathology in preclinical and early Alzheimer Disease with magnetic resonance imaging. Neuroimage 2016; 148:296-304. [PMID: 27989773 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer disease (AD) affects at least 5 million individuals in the USA alone stimulating an intense search for disease prevention and treatment therapies as well as for diagnostic techniques allowing early identification of AD during a long pre-symptomatic period that can be used for the initiation of prevention trials of disease-modifying therapies in asymptomatic individuals. METHODS Our approach to developing such techniques is based on the Gradient Echo Plural Contrast Imaging (GEPCI) technique that provides quantitative in vivo measurements of several brain-tissue-specific characteristics of the gradient echo MRI signal (GEPCI metrics) that depend on the integrity of brain tissue cellular structure. Preliminary data were obtained from 34 participants selected from the studies of aging and dementia at the Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center at Washington University in St. Louis. Cognitive status was operationalized with the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale. The participants, assessed as cognitively normal (CDR=0; n=23) or with mild AD dementia (CDR=0.5 or 1; n=11) underwent GEPCI MRI, a collection of cognitive performance tests and CSF amyloid (Aβ) biomarker Aβ42. A subset of 19 participants also underwent PET PiB studies to assess their brain Aβ burden. According to the Aβ status, cognitively normal participants were divided into normal (Aβ negative; n=13) and preclinical (Aβ positive; n=10) groups. RESULTS GEPCI quantitative measurements demonstrated significant differences between all the groups: normal and preclinical, normal and mild AD, and preclinical and mild AD. GEPCI quantitative metrics characterizing tissue cellular integrity in the hippocampus demonstrated much stronger correlations with psychometric tests than the hippocampal atrophy. Importantly, GEPCI-determined changes in the hippocampal tissue cellular integrity were detected even in the hippocampal areas not affected by the atrophy. Our studies also uncovered strong correlations between GEPCI brain tissue metrics and beta-amyloid (Aβ) burden defined by positron emission tomography (PET) - the current in vivo gold standard for detection of cortical Aβ, thus supporting GEPCI as a potential surrogate marker for Aβ imaging - a known biomarker of early AD. Remarkably, the data show significant correlations not only in the areas of high Aβ accumulation (e.g. precuneus) but also in some areas of medial temporal lobe (e.g. parahippocampal cortex), where Aβ accumulation is relatively low. CONCLUSION We have demonstrated that GEPCI provides a new approach for the in vivo evaluation of AD-related tissue pathology in the preclinical and early symptomatic stages of AD. Since MRI is a widely available technology, the GEPCI surrogate markers of AD pathology have a potential for improving the quality of AD diagnostic, and the evaluation of new disease-modifying therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Marcus E Raichle
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jie Wen
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tammie L Benzinger
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Anne M Fagan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jason Hassenstab
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Andrei G Vlassenko
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nigel J Cairns
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jon J Christensen
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dmitriy A Yablonskiy
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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214
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Fleck JI, Kuti J, Brown J, Mahon JR, Gayda-Chelder C. Frontal-posterior coherence and cognitive function in older adults. Int J Psychophysiol 2016; 110:217-230. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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215
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Chalavi S, Adab HZ, Pauwels L, Beets IAM, van Ruitenbeek P, Boisgontier MP, Monteiro TS, Maes C, Sunaert S, Swinnen SP. Anatomy of Subcortical Structures Predicts Age-Related Differences in Skill Acquisition. Cereb Cortex 2016; 28:459-473. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sima Chalavi
- Department of Kinesiology, Biomedical Sciences Group, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Center, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hamed Zivari Adab
- Department of Kinesiology, Biomedical Sciences Group, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Center, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lisa Pauwels
- Department of Kinesiology, Biomedical Sciences Group, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Center, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Iseult A M Beets
- Department of Kinesiology, Biomedical Sciences Group, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Center, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- BrainCTR, Lilid bvba, 3290 Diest, Belgium
| | - Peter van Ruitenbeek
- Department of Kinesiology, Biomedical Sciences Group, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Center, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthieu P Boisgontier
- Department of Kinesiology, Biomedical Sciences Group, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Center, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thiago Santos Monteiro
- Department of Kinesiology, Biomedical Sciences Group, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Center, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Celine Maes
- Department of Kinesiology, Biomedical Sciences Group, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Center, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Sunaert
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical Sciences Group, Translational MRI Unit, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephan P Swinnen
- Department of Kinesiology, Biomedical Sciences Group, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Center, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience & Disease (LIND), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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216
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Jin Y, Huang C, Daianu M, Zhan L, Dennis EL, Reid RI, Jack CR, Zhu H, Thompson PM. 3D tract-specific local and global analysis of white matter integrity in Alzheimer's disease. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 38:1191-1207. [PMID: 27883250 PMCID: PMC5299040 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive decline in memory and other aspects of cognitive function. Diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) offers a non‐invasive approach to delineate the effects of AD on white matter (WM) integrity. Previous studies calculated either some summary statistics over regions of interest (ROI analysis) or some statistics along mean skeleton lines (Tract Based Spatial Statistic [TBSS]), so they cannot quantify subtle local WM alterations along major tracts. Here, a comprehensive WM analysis framework to map disease effects on 3D tracts both locally and globally, based on a study of 200 subjects: 49 healthy elderly normal controls, 110 with mild cognitive impairment, and 41 AD patients has been presented. 18 major WM tracts were extracted with our automated clustering algorithm—autoMATE (automated Multi‐Atlas Tract Extraction); we then extracted multiple DWI‐derived parameters of WM integrity along the WM tracts across all subjects. A novel statistical functional analysis method—FADTTS (Functional Analysis for Diffusion Tensor Tract Statistics) was applied to quantify degenerative patterns along WM tracts across different stages of AD. Gradually increasing WM alterations were found in all tracts in successive stages of AD. Among all 18 WM tracts, the fornix was most adversely affected. Among all the parameters, mean diffusivity (MD) was the most sensitive to WM alterations in AD. This study provides a systematic workflow to examine WM integrity across automatically computed 3D tracts in AD and may be useful in studying other neurological and psychiatric disorders. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1191–1207, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jin
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California.,Department of Biostatistics and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Biostatistics and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Madelaine Daianu
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California
| | - Liang Zhan
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California.,Computer Engineering Program, University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie, Wisconsin
| | - Emily L Dennis
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California
| | - Robert I Reid
- Department of Information Technology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Hongtu Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California.,Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, Pediatrics, Radiology, and Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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217
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Disrupted Brain Structural Connectivity: Pathological Interactions Between Genetic APOE ε4 Status and Developed MCI Condition. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:6999-7007. [PMID: 27785756 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0224-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are both risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). One factor is genetic, and the other is a developed condition during the aging process. The current study intended to discover the interactions of these two factors, which may be useful in the construction of a sensitive biomarker for early identification and intervention. Eight hundred eighty-five Chinese Han ethnic subjects (aged 55 and older) completed neuropsychological tests and APOE genotyping. One hundred ten of these participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for T1 structural and diffusion tensor imaging scans. Subjects were divided into four groups according to APOE ε4 carrying status and MCI condition: ε4+ MCI, ε4+ normal cognition (NC), ε4- MCI, and ε4- NC. In the studied Han population in Beijing, 16.9 % (ε2ε4 = 1.1 %, ε3ε4 = 14.8 %, and ε4ε4 = 0.9 %) carried at least one ε4 allele. Significant interactions between APOE ε4 and MCI were found in general cognitive function (p = 0.001) and white matter connectivity network (clustering coefficient, p = 0.004, and local efficiency, p = 0.011); the combination of ε4 positivity and MCI was accompanied by reductions in Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) scores, global white matter network connectivity, and the right hippocampus (rHIP) nodal efficiency within that network (false discovery rate (FDR), p < 0.05). Our results suggest the presence of a genetic risk and MCI led to more severe pathological symptoms and could be informative in the implementation of clinical trials for early stages of AD.
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218
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Yuan B, Xie C, Shu H, Liao W, Wang Z, Liu D, Zhang Z. Differential Effects of APOE Genotypes on the Anterior and Posterior Subnetworks of Default Mode Network in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 54:1409-1423. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-160353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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219
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Knopman DS, Jack CR, Lundt ES, Weigand SD, Vemuri P, Lowe VJ, Kantarci K, Gunter JL, Senjem ML, Mielke MM, Machulda MM, Roberts RO, Boeve BF, Jones DT, Petersen RC. Evolution of neurodegeneration-imaging biomarkers from clinically normal to dementia in the Alzheimer disease spectrum. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 46:32-42. [PMID: 27460147 PMCID: PMC5018437 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The availability of antemortem biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) enables monitoring the evolution of neurodegenerative processes in real time. Pittsburgh compound B (PIB) positron emission tomography (PET) was used to select participants in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging and the Mayo Alzheimer's Disease Research Center with elevated β-amyloid, designated as "A+," and hippocampal volume and (18)fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography were used to characterize participants as having evidence of neurodegeneration ("N+") at the baseline evaluation. There were 145 clinically normal (CN) A+ individuals, 62 persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) who were A+ and 20 with A+ AD dementia. Over a period of 1-6 years, MCI A+N+ individuals showed declines in medial temporal, lateral temporal, lateral parietal, and to a lesser extent, medial parietal regions for both FDG standardized uptake value ratio and gray matter volume that exceeded declines seen in the CN A+N+ group. The AD dementia group showed declines in the same regions on FDG standardized uptake value ratio and gray matter volume with rates that exceeded that in MCI A+N+. Expansion of regional involvement and faster rate of neurodegeneration characterizes progression in the AD pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Knopman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA; Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Clifford R Jack
- Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Emily S Lundt
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Stephen D Weigand
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Prashanthi Vemuri
- Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Val J Lowe
- Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kejal Kantarci
- Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Gunter
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Information Technology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Matthew L Senjem
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Information Technology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michelle M Mielke
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mary M Machulda
- Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Division of Psychology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rosebud O Roberts
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Bradley F Boeve
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA; Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David T Jones
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA; Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ronald C Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA; Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
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220
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Cooley SA, Paul RH, Fennema-Notestine C, Morgan EE, Vaida F, Deng Q, Chen JA, Letendre S, Ellis R, Clifford DB, Marra CM, Collier AC, Gelman BB, McArthur JC, McCutchan JA, Simpson DM, Morgello S, Grant I, Ances BM. Apolipoprotein E ε4 genotype status is not associated with neuroimaging outcomes in a large cohort of HIV+ individuals. J Neurovirol 2016; 22:607-614. [PMID: 27021072 PMCID: PMC5040614 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-016-0434-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous neuroimaging studies suggest a negative relationship between the apolipoprotein (ApoE) ε4 allele and brain integrity in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected (HIV+) individuals, although the presence of this relationship across adulthood remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to clarify the discrepancies using a large, diverse group of HIV+ individuals and multiple imaging modalities sensitive to HIV. The association of ApoE ε4 with structural neuroimaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was examined in 237 HIV+ individuals in the CNS HIV Anti-Retroviral Therapy Effects Research (CHARTER) study. Cortical and subcortical gray matter, abnormal and total white matter, ventricles, sulcal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and cerebellar gray matter, white matter, and CSF volumes, and MRS concentrations of myo-inositol, creatine, N-acetyl-aspartate, and choline in the frontal white matter (FWM), frontal gray matter (FGM), and basal ganglia were examined. Secondary analyses explored this relationship separately in individuals ≥50 years old (n = 173) and <50 years old (n = 63). No significant differences were observed between ApoE ε4+ (ApoE ε3/ε4 and ApoE ε4/ε4) individuals (n = 69) and ApoE ε4- (ApoE ε2/ε3 and ApoE ε3/ε3) individuals (n = 167). When individuals were further divided by age, no significant genotype group differences were identified in individuals <50 or ≥50 years of age on any neuroimaging outcome. The ApoE ε4 allele did not affect brain integrity in this large, diverse sample of HIV+ individuals. The effects of ApoE ε4 may not be apparent until more advanced ages and may be more prominent when present along with other risk factors for neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert H Paul
- University of Missouri - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Missouri Institute of Mental Health, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Erin E Morgan
- University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Florin Vaida
- University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Qianqian Deng
- University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Ronald Ellis
- University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - David B Clifford
- Washington University in St. Louis, Box 8111 660 South Euclid Ave, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Susan Morgello
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Igor Grant
- University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Beau M Ances
- Washington University in St. Louis, Box 8111 660 South Euclid Ave, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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221
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Consistent Multi-Atlas Hippocampus Segmentation for Longitudinal MR Brain Images with Temporal Sparse Representation. PATCH-BASED TECHNIQUES IN MEDICAL IMAGING : SECOND INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP, PATCH-MI 2016, HELD IN CONJUNCTION WITH MICCAI 2016, ATHENS, GREECE, OCTOBER 17, 2016 : PROCEEDINGS. PATCH-MI (WORKSHOP) (2ND : 2016 : ATHENS, GREECE) 2016; 9993:34-42. [PMID: 30294728 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-47118-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a novel multi-atlas based longitudinal label fusion method with temporal sparse representation technique to segment hippocampi at all time points simultaneously. First, we use groupwise longitudinal registration to simultaneously (1) estimate a group-mean image of a subject image sequence and (2) register its all time-point images to the estimated group-mean image consistently over time. Then, by registering all atlases with the group-mean image, we can align all atlases longitudinally consistently to each time point of the subject image sequence. Finally, we propose a longitudinal label fusion method to propagate all atlas labels to the subject image sequence by simultaneously labeling a set of temporally-corresponded voxels with a temporal consistency constraint on sparse representation. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method can achieve more accurate and consistent hippocampus segmentation than the state-of-the-art counterpart methods.
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222
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Gender, apolipoprotein E genotype, and mesial temporal atrophy: 2-year follow-up in patients with stable mild cognitive impairment and with progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer’s disease. Neuroradiology 2016; 58:1143-1151. [DOI: 10.1007/s00234-016-1740-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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223
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Durazzo TC, Korecka M, Trojanowski JQ, Weiner MW, O’Hara R, Ashford JW, Shaw LM. Active Cigarette Smoking in Cognitively-Normal Elders and Probable Alzheimer's Disease is Associated with Elevated Cerebrospinal Fluid Oxidative Stress Biomarkers. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 54:99-107. [PMID: 27472882 PMCID: PMC5127393 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases and chronic cigarette smoking are associated with increased cerebral oxidative stress (OxS). Elevated F2-isoprostane levels in biological fluid is a recognized marker of OxS. This study assessed the association of active cigarette smoking with F2-isoprostane in concentrations in cognitively-normal elders (CN), and those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and probable Alzheimer's disease (AD). Smoking and non-smoking CN (n = 83), MCI (n = 164), and probable AD (n = 101) were compared on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) iPF2α-III and 8,12, iso-iPF2α-VI F2-isoprostane concentrations. Associations between F2-isoprostane levels and hippocampal volumes were also evaluated. In CN and AD, smokers had higher iPF2α-III concentration; overall, smoking AD showed the highest iPF2α-III concentration across groups. Smoking and non-smoking MCI did not differ on iPF2α-III concentration. No group differences were apparent on 8,12, iso-iPF2α-VI concentration, but across AD, higher 8,12, iso-iPF2α-VI level was related to smaller left and total hippocampal volumes. Results indicate that active cigarette smoking in CN and probable AD is associated with increased central nervous system OxS. Further investigation of factors mediating/moderating the absence of smoking effects on CSF F2-isoprostane levels in MCI is warranted. In AD, increasing magnitude of OxS appeared to be related to smaller hippocampal volume. This study contributes additional novel information to the mounting body of evidence that cigarette smoking is associated with adverse effects on the human central nervous system across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C. Durazzo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Mental Illness Research and Education Clinical Centers and Sierra-Pacific War Related Illness and Injury Study Center VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Magdalena Korecka
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - John Q. Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Michael W. Weiner
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Psychiatry, Medicine, and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIND), San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ruth O’Hara
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Mental Illness Research and Education Clinical Centers and Sierra-Pacific War Related Illness and Injury Study Center VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - John W. Ashford
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Mental Illness Research and Education Clinical Centers and Sierra-Pacific War Related Illness and Injury Study Center VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Leslie M. Shaw
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
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Knopman DS, Jack CR, Wiste HJ, Weigand SD, Vemuri P, Lowe VJ, Kantarci K, Gunter JL, Senjem ML, Mielke MM, Machulda MM, Roberts RO, Boeve BF, Jones DT, Petersen RC. Age and neurodegeneration imaging biomarkers in persons with Alzheimer disease dementia. Neurology 2016; 87:691-8. [PMID: 27421543 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000002979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine neurodegenerative imaging biomarkers in Alzheimer disease (AD) dementia from middle to old age. METHODS Persons with AD dementia and elevated brain β-amyloid with Pittsburgh compound B (PiB)-PET imaging underwent [(18)F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET and structural MRI. We evaluated 3 AD-related neurodegeneration biomarkers: hippocampal volume adjusted for total intracranial volume (HVa), FDG standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) in regions of interest linked to AD, and cortical thickness in AD-related regions of interest. We examined associations of each biomarker with age and evaluated age effects on cutpoints defined by the 90th percentile in AD dementia. We assembled an age-, sex-, and intracranial volume-matched group of 194 similarly imaged clinically normal (CN) persons. RESULTS The 97 participants with AD dementia (aged 49-93 years) had PiB SUVR ≥1.8. A nonlinear (inverted-U) relationship between FDG SUVR and age was seen in the AD group but an inverse linear relationship with age was seen in the CN group. Cortical thickness had an inverse linear relationship with age in AD but a nonlinear (flat, then inverse linear) relationship in the CN group. HVa showed an inverse linear relationship with age in both AD and CN groups. Age effects on 90th percentile cutpoints were small for FDG SUVR and cortical thickness, but larger for HVa. CONCLUSIONS In persons with AD dementia with elevated PiB SUVR, values of each neurodegeneration biomarker were associated with age. Cortical thickness had the smallest differences in 90th percentile cutpoints from middle to old age, and HVa the largest differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Knopman
- From the Departments of Neurology (D.S.K., P.V., M.M. Mielke, R.O.R., B.F.B., D.T.J., R.C.P.) and Radiology (C.R.J., V.J.L., K.K., J.L.G., M.L.S., D.T.J.), Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (D.S.K., C.R.J., B.F.B., D.T.J., R.C.P.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (H.J.W., S.D.W.), Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research (M.M. Mielke, R.O.R., R.C.P.), and Department of Psychiatry, Division of Psychology (M.M. Machulda), Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN.
| | - Clifford R Jack
- From the Departments of Neurology (D.S.K., P.V., M.M. Mielke, R.O.R., B.F.B., D.T.J., R.C.P.) and Radiology (C.R.J., V.J.L., K.K., J.L.G., M.L.S., D.T.J.), Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (D.S.K., C.R.J., B.F.B., D.T.J., R.C.P.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (H.J.W., S.D.W.), Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research (M.M. Mielke, R.O.R., R.C.P.), and Department of Psychiatry, Division of Psychology (M.M. Machulda), Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN
| | - Heather J Wiste
- From the Departments of Neurology (D.S.K., P.V., M.M. Mielke, R.O.R., B.F.B., D.T.J., R.C.P.) and Radiology (C.R.J., V.J.L., K.K., J.L.G., M.L.S., D.T.J.), Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (D.S.K., C.R.J., B.F.B., D.T.J., R.C.P.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (H.J.W., S.D.W.), Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research (M.M. Mielke, R.O.R., R.C.P.), and Department of Psychiatry, Division of Psychology (M.M. Machulda), Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN
| | - Stephen D Weigand
- From the Departments of Neurology (D.S.K., P.V., M.M. Mielke, R.O.R., B.F.B., D.T.J., R.C.P.) and Radiology (C.R.J., V.J.L., K.K., J.L.G., M.L.S., D.T.J.), Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (D.S.K., C.R.J., B.F.B., D.T.J., R.C.P.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (H.J.W., S.D.W.), Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research (M.M. Mielke, R.O.R., R.C.P.), and Department of Psychiatry, Division of Psychology (M.M. Machulda), Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN
| | - Prashanthi Vemuri
- From the Departments of Neurology (D.S.K., P.V., M.M. Mielke, R.O.R., B.F.B., D.T.J., R.C.P.) and Radiology (C.R.J., V.J.L., K.K., J.L.G., M.L.S., D.T.J.), Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (D.S.K., C.R.J., B.F.B., D.T.J., R.C.P.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (H.J.W., S.D.W.), Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research (M.M. Mielke, R.O.R., R.C.P.), and Department of Psychiatry, Division of Psychology (M.M. Machulda), Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN
| | - Val J Lowe
- From the Departments of Neurology (D.S.K., P.V., M.M. Mielke, R.O.R., B.F.B., D.T.J., R.C.P.) and Radiology (C.R.J., V.J.L., K.K., J.L.G., M.L.S., D.T.J.), Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (D.S.K., C.R.J., B.F.B., D.T.J., R.C.P.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (H.J.W., S.D.W.), Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research (M.M. Mielke, R.O.R., R.C.P.), and Department of Psychiatry, Division of Psychology (M.M. Machulda), Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN
| | - Kejal Kantarci
- From the Departments of Neurology (D.S.K., P.V., M.M. Mielke, R.O.R., B.F.B., D.T.J., R.C.P.) and Radiology (C.R.J., V.J.L., K.K., J.L.G., M.L.S., D.T.J.), Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (D.S.K., C.R.J., B.F.B., D.T.J., R.C.P.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (H.J.W., S.D.W.), Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research (M.M. Mielke, R.O.R., R.C.P.), and Department of Psychiatry, Division of Psychology (M.M. Machulda), Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN
| | - Jeffrey L Gunter
- From the Departments of Neurology (D.S.K., P.V., M.M. Mielke, R.O.R., B.F.B., D.T.J., R.C.P.) and Radiology (C.R.J., V.J.L., K.K., J.L.G., M.L.S., D.T.J.), Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (D.S.K., C.R.J., B.F.B., D.T.J., R.C.P.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (H.J.W., S.D.W.), Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research (M.M. Mielke, R.O.R., R.C.P.), and Department of Psychiatry, Division of Psychology (M.M. Machulda), Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN
| | - Matthew L Senjem
- From the Departments of Neurology (D.S.K., P.V., M.M. Mielke, R.O.R., B.F.B., D.T.J., R.C.P.) and Radiology (C.R.J., V.J.L., K.K., J.L.G., M.L.S., D.T.J.), Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (D.S.K., C.R.J., B.F.B., D.T.J., R.C.P.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (H.J.W., S.D.W.), Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research (M.M. Mielke, R.O.R., R.C.P.), and Department of Psychiatry, Division of Psychology (M.M. Machulda), Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN
| | - Michelle M Mielke
- From the Departments of Neurology (D.S.K., P.V., M.M. Mielke, R.O.R., B.F.B., D.T.J., R.C.P.) and Radiology (C.R.J., V.J.L., K.K., J.L.G., M.L.S., D.T.J.), Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (D.S.K., C.R.J., B.F.B., D.T.J., R.C.P.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (H.J.W., S.D.W.), Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research (M.M. Mielke, R.O.R., R.C.P.), and Department of Psychiatry, Division of Psychology (M.M. Machulda), Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN
| | - Mary M Machulda
- From the Departments of Neurology (D.S.K., P.V., M.M. Mielke, R.O.R., B.F.B., D.T.J., R.C.P.) and Radiology (C.R.J., V.J.L., K.K., J.L.G., M.L.S., D.T.J.), Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (D.S.K., C.R.J., B.F.B., D.T.J., R.C.P.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (H.J.W., S.D.W.), Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research (M.M. Mielke, R.O.R., R.C.P.), and Department of Psychiatry, Division of Psychology (M.M. Machulda), Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN
| | - Rosebud O Roberts
- From the Departments of Neurology (D.S.K., P.V., M.M. Mielke, R.O.R., B.F.B., D.T.J., R.C.P.) and Radiology (C.R.J., V.J.L., K.K., J.L.G., M.L.S., D.T.J.), Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (D.S.K., C.R.J., B.F.B., D.T.J., R.C.P.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (H.J.W., S.D.W.), Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research (M.M. Mielke, R.O.R., R.C.P.), and Department of Psychiatry, Division of Psychology (M.M. Machulda), Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN
| | - Bradley F Boeve
- From the Departments of Neurology (D.S.K., P.V., M.M. Mielke, R.O.R., B.F.B., D.T.J., R.C.P.) and Radiology (C.R.J., V.J.L., K.K., J.L.G., M.L.S., D.T.J.), Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (D.S.K., C.R.J., B.F.B., D.T.J., R.C.P.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (H.J.W., S.D.W.), Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research (M.M. Mielke, R.O.R., R.C.P.), and Department of Psychiatry, Division of Psychology (M.M. Machulda), Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN
| | - David T Jones
- From the Departments of Neurology (D.S.K., P.V., M.M. Mielke, R.O.R., B.F.B., D.T.J., R.C.P.) and Radiology (C.R.J., V.J.L., K.K., J.L.G., M.L.S., D.T.J.), Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (D.S.K., C.R.J., B.F.B., D.T.J., R.C.P.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (H.J.W., S.D.W.), Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research (M.M. Mielke, R.O.R., R.C.P.), and Department of Psychiatry, Division of Psychology (M.M. Machulda), Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN
| | - Ronald C Petersen
- From the Departments of Neurology (D.S.K., P.V., M.M. Mielke, R.O.R., B.F.B., D.T.J., R.C.P.) and Radiology (C.R.J., V.J.L., K.K., J.L.G., M.L.S., D.T.J.), Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (D.S.K., C.R.J., B.F.B., D.T.J., R.C.P.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (H.J.W., S.D.W.), Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research (M.M. Mielke, R.O.R., R.C.P.), and Department of Psychiatry, Division of Psychology (M.M. Machulda), Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN
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Nolen SC, Lee B, Shantharam S, Yu HJ, Su L, Billimek J, Bota DA. The effects of sequential treatments on hippocampal volumes in malignant glioma patients. J Neurooncol 2016; 129:433-441. [PMID: 27393350 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-016-2188-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas (MG) are very aggressive tumors. In an effort to improve the outcome, the patients receive multi-modal therapies such as surgery, radiation and chemotherapy (temozolomide followed in many cases by bevacizumab). The survivors are affected by multiple learning and memory deficits. Greater deterioration over time in hippocampal specific cognitive tasks was shown in patients receiving bevacizumab in addition to radiation and temozolomide for a longer period of time (RTOG 0825). The rate of hippocampal atrophy in patients treated with radiation and temozolomide followed by bevacizumab is not yet determined, and is the goal of the present study. We used the serial MRIs obtained as parts of standard clinical care in patients with MG. Measurements were done using the Medical Image Processing, Analysis and Visualization (MIPAV) software. The hippocampus in the contralateral hemisphere was manually traced and measured, to avoid morphological structure changes induced by the tumor, radiation fields or surgical markers. We determined a longitudinal progression of hippocampal atrophy-with the maximum volume loss (33.26 %) for the patients that were on treatment for 5 years. There was no detectable hippocampal atrophy during the chemo-radiation followed by adjuvant temozolomide. A significant decrease in the absolute hippocampus volume was noted after 6 months of continuous bevacizumab treatment (p < 0.05). The hippocampal volume loss progressed over the next 3 years, and was higher than the one previously reported in Alzheimer disease patients. The hippocampal volume loss is minimal during the 1 month after diagnosis, when the patients receive chemo-radiation and adjuvant temozolomide. However, prolonged treatment including bevacizumab is associated with a significant rate of hippocampal volume loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantell C Nolen
- Department of Neurology, UC Irvine Medical Center, 200 S. Manchester Avenue, Suite 206, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Brian Lee
- Department of Neurology, UC Irvine Medical Center, 200 S. Manchester Avenue, Suite 206, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Shruti Shantharam
- Department of Neurology, UC Irvine Medical Center, 200 S. Manchester Avenue, Suite 206, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Hon J Yu
- Department of Radiology, UC Irvine Medical Center, Orange, USA
| | - Lydia Su
- Department of Radiology, UC Irvine Medical Center, Orange, USA.,Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Irvine Medical Center, Orange, USA
| | - John Billimek
- Health Policy Research Institute, Orange, USA.,Department of Family Medicine, UC Irvine Medical Center, Orange, USA
| | - Daniela A Bota
- Department of Neurology, UC Irvine Medical Center, 200 S. Manchester Avenue, Suite 206, Orange, CA, 92868, USA. .,Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Irvine Medical Center, Orange, USA. .,Department of Neurological Surgery, UC Irvine Medical Center, Orange, USA.
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226
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Tang X, Holland D, Dale AM, Miller MI. APOE Affects the Volume and Shape of the Amygdala and the Hippocampus in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease: Age Matters. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 47:645-60. [PMID: 26401700 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This paper examines how age intervenes in the effects of APOE ɛ4 allele on the volume and shape morphometrics of the hippocampus and the amygdala in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease. We evaluate the structural morphological differences between ɛ4 carriers and non-carriers in two age-dependent subgroups; younger than 75 years (Young-Old) and older than 80 years (Very-Old). While we show that the four structures of interest atrophy significantly in the ɛ4 carriers, relative to the non-carriers, of the Young-Old group, this effect is not observed in their Very-Old counterparts. The structures in the right hemisphere are found to be more affected by the APOE genotype than those in the left hemisphere and we identify the relevant regions in which significant atrophy occurs to be parts of the basolateral, centromedial, and lateral nucleus subregions of the amygdala and the CA1 and subiculum subregions of the hippocampus. We also observe that the APOE genotype only affects MCI patients that deteriorated to dementia within 3 years while leaving their "non-converting" counterparts unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Tang
- Center for Imaging Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dominic Holland
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anders M Dale
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael I Miller
- Center for Imaging Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Knight MJ, McCann B, Kauppinen RA, Coulthard EJ. Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Detect Early Molecular and Cellular Changes in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:139. [PMID: 27378911 PMCID: PMC4909770 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent pharmaceutical trials have demonstrated that slowing or reversing pathology in Alzheimer's disease is likely to be possible only in the earliest stages of disease, perhaps even before significant symptoms develop. Pathology in Alzheimer's disease accumulates for well over a decade before symptoms are detected giving a large potential window of opportunity for intervention. It is therefore important that imaging techniques detect subtle changes in brain tissue before significant macroscopic brain atrophy. Current diagnostic techniques often do not permit early diagnosis or are too expensive for routine clinical use. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the most versatile, affordable, and powerful imaging modality currently available, being able to deliver detailed analyses of anatomy, tissue volumes, and tissue state. In this mini-review, we consider how MRI might detect patients at risk of future dementia in the early stages of pathological change when symptoms are mild. We consider the contributions made by the various modalities of MRI (structural, diffusion, perfusion, relaxometry) in identifying not just atrophy (a late-stage AD symptom) but more subtle changes reflective of early dementia pathology. The sensitivity of MRI not just to gross anatomy but to the underlying "health" at the cellular (and even molecular) scales, makes it very well suited to this task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Knight
- School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol Bristol, UK
| | - Bryony McCann
- School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol Bristol, UK
| | - Risto A Kauppinen
- School of Experimental Psychology, University of BristolBristol, UK; Clinical Research and Imaging Centre, University of BristolBristol, UK
| | - Elizabeth J Coulthard
- Research into Memory the Brain and Dementia Group, Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, University of BristolBristol, UK; North Bristol NHS TrustBristol, UK
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228
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Large intracranial volume accelerates conversion to dementia in males and APOE4 non-carriers with mild cognitive impairment. Int Psychogeriatr 2016; 28:769-78. [PMID: 26674540 DOI: 10.1017/s104161021500229x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear how brain reserve interacts with gender and apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) genotype, and how this influences the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The association between intracranial volume (ICV) and progression to AD in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and differences according to gender and APOE4 genotype, was investigated. METHODS Data from subjects initially diagnosed with MCI and at least two visits were downloaded from the ADNI database. Those who progressed to AD were defined as converters. The longitudinal influence of ICV was determined by survival analysis. The time of conversion from MCI to AD was set as a fiducial point, as all converters would be at a similar disease stage then, and longitudinal trajectories of brain atrophy and cognitive decline around that point were compared using linear mixed models. RESULTS Large ICV increased the risk of conversion to AD in males (HR: 4.24, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17-15.40) and APOE4 non-carriers (HR: 10.00, 95% CI: 1.34-74.53), but not in females or APOE4 carriers. Cognitive decline and brain atrophy progressed at a faster rate in males with large ICV than in those with small ICV during the two years before and after the time of conversion. CONCLUSIONS Large ICV increased the risk of conversion to AD in males and APOE4 non-carriers with MCI. This may be due to its influence on disease trajectory, which shortens the duration of the MCI stage. A longitudinal model of progression trajectory is proposed.
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Andrews KA, Frost C, Modat M, Cardoso MJ, Rowe CC, Villemagne V, Fox NC, Ourselin S, Schott JM, Rowe CC, Villemagne V, Fox NC, Ourselin S, Schott JM. Acceleration of hippocampal atrophy rates in asymptomatic amyloidosis. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 39:99-107. [PMID: 26923406 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Dubois B, Hampel H, Feldman HH, Scheltens P, Aisen P, Andrieu S, Bakardjian H, Benali H, Bertram L, Blennow K, Broich K, Cavedo E, Crutch S, Dartigues JF, Duyckaerts C, Epelbaum S, Frisoni GB, Gauthier S, Genthon R, Gouw AA, Habert MO, Holtzman DM, Kivipelto M, Lista S, Molinuevo JL, O'Bryant SE, Rabinovici GD, Rowe C, Salloway S, Schneider LS, Sperling R, Teichmann M, Carrillo MC, Cummings J, Jack CR. Preclinical Alzheimer's disease: Definition, natural history, and diagnostic criteria. Alzheimers Dement 2016; 12:292-323. [PMID: 27012484 PMCID: PMC6417794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1168] [Impact Index Per Article: 146.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During the past decade, a conceptual shift occurred in the field of Alzheimer's disease (AD) considering the disease as a continuum. Thanks to evolving biomarker research and substantial discoveries, it is now possible to identify the disease even at the preclinical stage before the occurrence of the first clinical symptoms. This preclinical stage of AD has become a major research focus as the field postulates that early intervention may offer the best chance of therapeutic success. To date, very little evidence is established on this "silent" stage of the disease. A clarification is needed about the definitions and lexicon, the limits, the natural history, the markers of progression, and the ethical consequence of detecting the disease at this asymptomatic stage. This article is aimed at addressing all the different issues by providing for each of them an updated review of the literature and evidence, with practical recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Dubois
- Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A) and Brain and Spine Institute (ICM) UMR S 1127 Frontlab, Department of Neurology, AP_HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Sorbonne Universities, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris 06, Paris, France.
| | - Harald Hampel
- Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A) and Brain and Spine Institute (ICM) UMR S 1127 Frontlab, Department of Neurology, AP_HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Sorbonne Universities, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris 06, Paris, France; AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Paris, France
| | | | - Philip Scheltens
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center and Neuroscience Campus, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Aisen
- University of Southern California San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sandrine Andrieu
- UMR1027, INSERM, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse University Hospital, France
| | - Hovagim Bakardjian
- IHU-A-ICM-Institut des Neurosciences translationnelles de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Habib Benali
- INSERM U1146-CNRS UMR 7371-UPMC UM CR2, Site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Lars Bertram
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (LIGA), Institutes of Neurogenetics and Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Lab, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Karl Broich
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, Bonn, Germany
| | - Enrica Cavedo
- AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Paris, France; Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sebastian Crutch
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Charles Duyckaerts
- University Pierre et Marie Curie, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Alzheimer-Prion Team Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle (ICM), Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Epelbaum
- Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A) and Brain and Spine Institute (ICM) UMR S 1127 Frontlab, Department of Neurology, AP_HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Sorbonne Universities, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; IRCCS Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Serge Gauthier
- McGill Center for Studies in Aging, Douglas Mental Health Research Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Remy Genthon
- Fondation pour la Recherche sur Alzheimer, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Alida A Gouw
- UMR1027, INSERM, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse University Hospital, France; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology/MEG Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam
| | - Marie-Odile Habert
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Médecine Nucléaire, Paris, France
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Neurology, Washington University, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Miia Kivipelto
- Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Clinical Medicine/ Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - José-Luis Molinuevo
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sid E O'Bryant
- Center for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, TX, USA
| | - Gil D Rabinovici
- Memory & Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Rowe
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen Salloway
- Memory and Aging Program, Butler Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA; Department of Neurology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA
| | - Lon S Schneider
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Reisa Sperling
- Harvard Medical School, Memory Disorders Unit, Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA; Harvard Medical School, Memory Disorders Unit, Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Marc Teichmann
- Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A) and Brain and Spine Institute (ICM) UMR S 1127 Frontlab, Department of Neurology, AP_HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Sorbonne Universities, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Maria C Carrillo
- The Alzheimer's Association Division of Medical & Scientific Relations, Chicago, USA
| | - Jeffrey Cummings
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Cliff R Jack
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA
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Liu S, Cai W, Pujol S, Kikinis R, Feng DD. Cross-View Neuroimage Pattern Analysis in Alzheimer's Disease Staging. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:23. [PMID: 26941639 PMCID: PMC4763344 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The research on staging of pre-symptomatic and prodromal phase of neurological disorders, e.g., Alzheimer's disease (AD), is essential for prevention of dementia. New strategies for AD staging with a focus on early detection, are demanded to optimize potential efficacy of disease-modifying therapies that can halt or slow the disease progression. Recently, neuroimaging are increasingly used as additional research-based markers to detect AD onset and predict conversion of MCI and normal control (NC) to AD. Researchers have proposed a variety of neuroimaging biomarkers to characterize the patterns of the pathology of AD and MCI, and suggested that multi-view neuroimaging biomarkers could lead to better performance than single-view biomarkers in AD staging. However, it is still unclear what leads to such synergy and how to preserve or maximize. In an attempt to answer these questions, we proposed a cross-view pattern analysis framework for investigating the synergy between different neuroimaging biomarkers. We quantitatively analyzed nine types of biomarkers derived from FDG-PET and T1-MRI, and evaluated their performance in a task of classifying AD, MCI, and NC subjects obtained from the ADNI baseline cohort. The experiment results showed that these biomarkers could depict the pathology of AD from different perspectives, and output distinct patterns that are significantly associated with the disease progression. Most importantly, we found that these features could be separated into clusters, each depicting a particular aspect; and the inter-cluster features could always achieve better performance than the intra-cluster features in AD staging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidong Liu
- The Biomedical and Multimedia Information Technology Research Group, School of Information Technologies, The University of SydneySydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Weidong Cai
- The Biomedical and Multimedia Information Technology Research Group, School of Information Technologies, The University of SydneySydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sonia Pujol
- The Surgical Planning Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's HospitalBoston, MA, USA
| | - Ron Kikinis
- The Surgical Planning Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's HospitalBoston, MA, USA
| | - Dagan D. Feng
- The Biomedical and Multimedia Information Technology Research Group, School of Information Technologies, The University of SydneySydney, NSW, Australia
- The Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare the performance and power of the best-established diagnostic biological markers as outcome measures for clinical trials in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS Magnetic resonance imaging, F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography markers, and Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale were compared in terms of effect size and statistical power over different follow-up periods in 2 MCI groups, selected from Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative data set based on cerebrospinal fluid (abnormal cerebrospinal fluid Aβ1-42 concentration-ABETA+) or magnetic resonance imaging evidence of Alzheimer disease (positivity to hippocampal atrophy-HIPPO+). Biomarkers progression was modeled through mixed effect models. Scaled slope was chosen as measure of effect size. Biomarkers power was estimated using simulation algorithms. RESULTS Seventy-four ABETA+ and 51 HIPPO+ MCI patients were included in the study. Imaging biomarkers of neurodegeneration, especially MR measurements, showed highest performance. For all biomarkers and both MCI groups, power increased with increasing follow-up time, irrespective of biomarker assessment frequency. CONCLUSION These findings provide information about biomarker enrichment and outcome measurements that could be employed to reduce MCI patient samples and treatment duration in future clinical trials.
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233
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Martin S, Lazzarini M, Dullin C, Balakrishnan S, Gomes FV, Ninkovic M, El Hady A, Pardo LA, Stühmer W, Del-Bel E. SK3 Channel Overexpression in Mice Causes Hippocampal Shrinkage Associated with Cognitive Impairments. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:1078-1091. [PMID: 26803493 PMCID: PMC5310555 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9680-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The dysfunction of the small-conductance calcium-activated K+ channel SK3 has been described as one of the factors responsible for the progress of psychoneurological diseases, but the molecular basis of this is largely unknown. This report reveals through use of immunohistochemistry and computational tomography that long-term increased expression of the SK3 small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (SK3-T/T) in mice induces a notable bilateral reduction of the hippocampal area (more than 50 %). Histological analysis showed that SK3-T/T mice have cellular disarrangements and neuron discontinuities in the hippocampal formation CA1 and CA3 neuronal layer. SK3 overexpression resulted in cognitive loss as determined by the object recognition test. Electrophysiological examination of hippocampal slices revealed that SK3 channel overexpression induced deficiency of long-term potentiation in hippocampal microcircuits. In association with these results, there were changes at the mRNA levels of some genes involved in Alzheimer’s disease and/or linked to schizophrenia, epilepsy, and autism. Taken together, these features suggest that augmenting the function of SK3 ion channel in mice may present a unique opportunity to investigate the neural basis of central nervous system dysfunctions associated with schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease, or other neuropsychiatric/neurodegenerative disorders in this model system. As a more detailed understanding of the role of the SK3 channel in brain disorders is limited by the lack of specific SK3 antagonists and agonists, the results observed in this study are of significant interest; they suggest a new approach for the development of neuroprotective strategies in neuropsychiatric/neurodegenerative diseases with SK3 representing a potential drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Martin
- Department of Molecular Biology of Neuronal Signals, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marcio Lazzarini
- Department of Molecular Biology of Neuronal Signals, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Dullin
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Georg-August University Medical Center, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Saju Balakrishnan
- Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Georg-August University Medical Center, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Felipe V Gomes
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-900, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Milena Ninkovic
- Department of Neurosurgery, Georg-August University Medical Center, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ahmed El Hady
- Department of Molecular Biology of Neuronal Signals, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Bernstein Focus for Neurotechnology and Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Göttingen, Germany
- Theoretical Neurophysics, Department of Non-linear Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- The Interdisciplinary Collaborative Research Center 889 "Cellular Mechanisms of Sensory Processing", Göttingen, Germany
| | - Luis A Pardo
- Oncophysiology Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Walter Stühmer
- Department of Molecular Biology of Neuronal Signals, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
- Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany.
- Bernstein Focus for Neurotechnology and Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Elaine Del-Bel
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Pathology, CNPQ Research 1B (Biophysics, Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Neuroscience), University of São Paulo Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, Avenida do Café 3400, 14040-904, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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234
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Daghighi MH, Poureisa M, Ahmadi P, Reshadatjoo M, Golestani S, Naghavi-Behzad M, Karkon-Shayan F. Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone level and relation with size of hippocampus in patients with mild cognitive disorders. Niger Med J 2016; 57:353-356. [PMID: 27942104 PMCID: PMC5126749 DOI: 10.4103/0300-1652.193862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cognitive disorders and dementia are common problems, and Alzheimer's disease is one of the major leading causes of death worldwide. Thyroid hormone disorders as a common problem effect on hippocampus size which as a prognostic factor in dementia. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level and the size of hippocampus in patients with mild cognitive disorders. Materials and Methods: In a descriptive-analytical study, 41 patients with symptoms of mild cognitive disorders whom referred to take the brain magnetic resonance image (MRI) in a radiology center under the direction of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (Tabriz, Iran) were evaluated. The right and left hippocampal and brain volume was calculated by MRI at coronal T1-weighted. Serum TSH level was also measured in these patients. Correlation between serum TSH level and hippocampal volume size was evaluated. Results: Male to female ratio was 1.05:1 with mean age of 54.09 ± 3.11 years. Mean serum TSH level of patients was 1.55 ± 1.45 uU/ml. The right and left hippocampal volumes were 1.61 ± 0.42 and 1.62 ± 0.39 ml, respectively. There were slight negative correlations between the right and left hippocampal volumes with TSH level (r = −0.133 and r = −0.092, respectively). Correlations between the right and left hippocampal volumes with TSH level were not statistically significant (P = 0.406, P = 0.566, respectively). Conclusion: Based on findings of the present study, there was a weak negative correlation between serum level of TSH with the right and left hippocampal and brain volume ratio, but the correlation was not statistically significant. It seems that controlling of clinical or subclinical hypothyroidism may have a role in slowing of dementia progression and also have a preventive role.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masoud Poureisa
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pegah Ahmadi
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reshadatjoo
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sahar Golestani
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Naghavi-Behzad
- Medical Philosophy and History Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farid Karkon-Shayan
- Students' Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Chincarini A, Sensi F, Rei L, Gemme G, Squarcia S, Longo R, Brun F, Tangaro S, Bellotti R, Amoroso N, Bocchetta M, Redolfi A, Bosco P, Boccardi M, Frisoni GB, Nobili F. Integrating longitudinal information in hippocampal volume measurements for the early detection of Alzheimer's disease. Neuroimage 2016; 125:834-847. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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236
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Janelidze S, Zetterberg H, Mattsson N, Palmqvist S, Vanderstichele H, Lindberg O, van Westen D, Stomrud E, Minthon L, Blennow K, Hansson O. CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 and Aβ42/Aβ38 ratios: better diagnostic markers of Alzheimer disease. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2016; 3:154-65. [PMID: 27042676 PMCID: PMC4774260 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The diagnostic accuracy of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) must be improved before widespread clinical use. This study aimed to determine whether CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 and Aβ42/Aβ38 ratios are better diagnostic biomarkers of AD during both predementia and dementia stages in comparison to CSF Aβ42 alone. Methods The study comprised three different cohorts (n = 1182) in whom CSF levels of Aβ42, Aβ40, and Aβ38 were assessed. CSF Aβs were quantified using three different immunoassays (Euroimmun, Meso Scale Discovery, Quanterix). As reference standard, we used either amyloid (18F‐flutemetamol) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging (n = 215) or clinical diagnosis (n = 967) of well‐characterized patients. Results When using three different immunoassays in cases with subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment, the CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 and Aβ42/Aβ38 ratios were significantly better predictors of abnormal amyloid PET than CSF Aβ42. Lower Aβ42, Aβ42/Aβ40, and Aβ42/Aβ38 ratios, but not Aβ40 and Aβ38, correlated with smaller hippocampal volumes measured by magnetic resonance imaging. However, lower Aβ38, Aβ40, and Aβ42, but not the ratios, correlated with non‐AD‐specific subcortical changes, that is, larger lateral ventricles and white matter lesions. Further, the Aβ42/Aβ40 and Aβ42/Aβ38 ratios showed increased accuracy compared to Aβ42 when distinguishing AD from dementia with Lewy bodies or Parkinson's disease dementia and subcortical vascular dementia, where all Aβs (including Aβ42) were decreased. Interpretation The CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 and Aβ42/Aβ38 ratios are significantly better than CSF Aβ42 to detect brain amyloid deposition in prodromal AD and to differentiate AD dementia from non‐AD dementias. The ratios reflect AD‐type pathology better, whereas decline in CSF Aβ42 is also associated with non‐AD subcortical pathologies. These findings strongly suggest that the ratios rather than CSF Aβ42 should be used in the clinical work‐up of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shorena Janelidze
- Clinical Memory Research Unit Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg Mölndal Sweden; Department of Molecular Neuroscience UCL Institute of Neurology Queen Square London United Kingdom
| | - Niklas Mattsson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö Lund University Lund Sweden; Memory Clinic Skåne University Hospital Malmö Sweden
| | - Sebastian Palmqvist
- Clinical Memory Research Unit Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö Lund University Lund Sweden; Department of Neurology Skåne University Hospital Malmö Sweden
| | | | - Olof Lindberg
- Clinical Memory Research Unit Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Danielle van Westen
- Department of Clinical Sciences Diagnostic Radiology Lund University Lund Sweden; Imaging and Function Skåne University Health Care Lund Sweden
| | - Erik Stomrud
- Clinical Memory Research Unit Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö Lund University Lund Sweden; Memory Clinic Skåne University Hospital Malmö Sweden
| | - Lennart Minthon
- Clinical Memory Research Unit Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö Lund University Lund Sweden; Memory Clinic Skåne University Hospital Malmö Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg Mölndal Sweden
| | | | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö Lund University Lund Sweden; Memory Clinic Skåne University Hospital Malmö Sweden
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237
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Toga AW, Neu SC, Bhatt P, Crawford KL, Ashish N. The Global Alzheimer's Association Interactive Network. Alzheimers Dement 2016; 12:49-54. [PMID: 26318022 PMCID: PMC4817494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2015.06.1896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Global Alzheimer's Association Interactive Network (GAAIN) is consolidating the efforts of independent Alzheimer's disease data repositories around the world with the goals of revealing more insights into the causes of Alzheimer's disease, improving treatments, and designing preventative measures that delay the onset of physical symptoms. METHODS We developed a system for federating these repositories that is reliant on the tenets that (1) its participants require incentives to join, (2) joining the network is not disruptive to existing repository systems, and (3) the data ownership rights of its members are protected. RESULTS We are currently in various phases of recruitment with over 55 data repositories in North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia and can presently query >250,000 subjects using GAAIN's search interfaces. DISCUSSION GAAIN's data sharing philosophy, which guided our architectural choices, is conducive to motivating membership in a voluntary data sharing network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur W Toga
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Scott C Neu
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Priya Bhatt
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Karen L Crawford
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Naveen Ashish
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Cerebral atrophy in mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review with meta-analysis. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA: DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT & DISEASE MONITORING 2015; 1:487-504. [PMID: 27239527 PMCID: PMC4879488 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although mild cognitive impairment (MCI) diagnosis is mainly based on cognitive assessment, reliable estimates of structural changes in specific brain regions, that could be contrasted against normal brain aging and inform diagnosis, are lacking. This study aimed to systematically review the literature reporting on MCI-related brain changes. METHODS The MEDLINE database was searched for studies investigating longitudinal structural changes in MCI. Studies with compatible data were included in the meta-analyses. A qualitative review was conducted for studies excluded from meta-analyses. RESULTS The analyses revealed a 2.2-fold higher volume loss in the hippocampus, 1.8-fold in the whole brain, and 1.5-fold in the entorhinal cortex in MCI participants. DISCUSSION Although the medial temporal lobe is likely to be more vulnerable to MCI pathology, atrophy in this brain area represents a relatively small proportion of whole brain loss, suggesting that future investigations are needed to identify the source of unaccounted volume loss in MCI.
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239
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Promteangtrong C, Kolber M, Ramchandra P, Moghbel M, Houshmand S, Schöll M, Bai H, Werner TJ, Alavi A, Buchpiguel C. Multimodality Imaging Approach in Alzheimer disease. Part I: Structural MRI, Functional MRI, Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Magnetization Transfer Imaging. Dement Neuropsychol 2015; 9:318-329. [PMID: 29213981 PMCID: PMC5619314 DOI: 10.1590/1980-57642015dn94000318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The authors make a complete review of the potential clinical applications of
traditional and novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques in the
evaluation of patients with Alzheimer's disease, including structural MRI,
functional MRI, diffusion tension imaging and magnetization transfer
imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcus Kolber
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Priya Ramchandra
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mateen Moghbel
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Sina Houshmand
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael Schöll
- Karolinska Institutet, Alzheimer Neurobiology Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Halbert Bai
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Thomas J Werner
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Abass Alavi
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carlos Buchpiguel
- Nuclear Medicine Service, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Nuclear Medicine Center, Radiology Institute, University of São Paulo General Hospital , São Paulo, Brazil
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Hua X, Ching CRK, Mezher A, Gutman BA, Hibar DP, Bhatt P, Leow AD, Jack CR, Bernstein MA, Weiner MW, Thompson PM. MRI-based brain atrophy rates in ADNI phase 2: acceleration and enrichment considerations for clinical trials. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 37:26-37. [PMID: 26545631 PMCID: PMC4827255 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this work was to assess statistical power to detect treatment effects in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) clinical trials using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–derived brain biomarkers. We used unbiased tensor-based morphometry (TBM) to analyze n = 5,738 scans, from Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 2 participants scanned with both accelerated and nonaccelerated T1-weighted MRI at 3T. The study cohort included 198 healthy controls, 111 participants with significant memory complaint, 182 with early mild cognitive impairment (EMCI) and 177 late mild cognitive impairment (LMCI), and 155 AD patients, scanned at screening and 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. The statistical power to track brain change in TBM-based imaging biomarkers depends on the interscan interval, disease stage, and methods used to extract numerical summaries. To achieve reasonable sample size estimates for potential clinical trials, the minimal scan interval was 6 months for LMCI and AD and 12 months for EMCI. TBM-based imaging biomarkers were not sensitive to MRI scan acceleration, which gave results comparable with nonaccelerated sequences. ApoE status and baseline amyloid-beta positron emission tomography data improved statistical power. Among healthy, EMCI, and LMCI participants, sample size requirements were significantly lower in the amyloid+/ApoE4+ group than for the amyloid−/ApoE4− group. ApoE4 strongly predicted atrophy rates across brain regions most affected by AD, but the remaining 9 of the top 10 AD risk genes offered no added predictive value in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Hua
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher R K Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adam Mezher
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Boris A Gutman
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Derrek P Hibar
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Priya Bhatt
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Alex D Leow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Michael W Weiner
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Engineering, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Kyrtsos CR, Baras JS. Modeling the Role of the Glymphatic Pathway and Cerebral Blood Vessel Properties in Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139574. [PMID: 26448331 PMCID: PMC4598011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly, affecting over 10% population over the age of 65 years. Clinically, AD is described by the symptom set of short term memory loss and cognitive decline, changes in mentation and behavior, and eventually long-term memory deficit as the disease progresses. On imaging studies, significant atrophy with subsequent increase in ventricular volume have been observed. Pathology on post-mortem brain specimens demonstrates the classic findings of increased beta amyloid (Aβ) deposition and the presence of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) within affected neurons. Neuroinflammation, dysregulation of blood-brain barrier transport and clearance, deposition of Aβ in cerebral blood vessels, vascular risk factors such as atherosclerosis and diabetes, and the presence of the apolipoprotein E4 allele have all been identified as playing possible roles in AD pathogenesis. Recent research has demonstrated the importance of the glymphatic system in the clearance of Aβ from the brain via the perivascular space surrounding cerebral blood vessels. Given the variety of hypotheses that have been proposed for AD pathogenesis, an interconnected, multilayer model offers a unique opportunity to combine these ideas into a single unifying model. Results of this model demonstrate the importance of vessel stiffness and heart rate in maintaining adequate clearance of Aβ from the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Rose Kyrtsos
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John S. Baras
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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242
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Li K, Jiang Q, Xu A, Liu G. REST rs3796529 variant does not confer susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease. Ann Neurol 2015; 78:835-6. [PMID: 26285156 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keshen Li
- Institute of Neurology; Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College; Zhanjiang 524001 China
- Stroke Center, Neurology & Neurosurgery Devision, The Clinical Medicine Research Institute & The First Affiliated Hospital; Jinan University Guangzhou; China
| | - Qinghua Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin China
| | - Anding Xu
- Stroke Center, Neurology & Neurosurgery Devision, The Clinical Medicine Research Institute & The First Affiliated Hospital; Jinan University Guangzhou; China
| | - Guiyou Liu
- Genome Analysis Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; China
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243
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Tarawneh R, Head D, Allison S, Buckles V, Fagan AM, Ladenson JH, Morris JC, Holtzman DM. Cerebrospinal Fluid Markers of Neurodegeneration and Rates of Brain Atrophy in Early Alzheimer Disease. JAMA Neurol 2015; 72:656-65. [PMID: 25867677 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2015.0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Measures of neuronal loss are likely good surrogates for clinical and radiological disease progression in Alzheimer disease (AD). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers of neuronal injury or neurodegeneration may offer usefulness in predicting disease progression and guiding outcome assessments and prognostic decisions in clinical trials of disease-modifying therapies. Visinin-like protein 1 (VILIP-1) has demonstrated potential usefulness as a marker of neuronal injury in AD. OBJECTIVE To investigate the usefulness of CSF VILIP-1, tau, p-tau181, and Aβ42 levels in predicting rates of whole-brain and regional atrophy in early AD and cognitively normal control subjects over time. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Longitudinal observational study of brain atrophy in participants with early AD and cognitively normal controls. Study participants had baseline CSF biomarker measurements and longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging assessments for a mean follow-up period of 2 to 3 years. Mixed linear models assessed the ability of standardized baseline CSF biomarker measures to predict rates of whole-brain and regional atrophy over the follow-up period. The setting was The Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis. Participants (mean age, 72.6 years) were individuals with a clinical diagnosis of very mild AD (n = 23) and cognitively normal controls (n = 64) who were enrolled in longitudinal studies of healthy aging and dementia. The study dates were 2000 to 2010. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Correlations between baseline CSF biomarker measures and rates of whole-brain or regional atrophy in the AD and control cohorts over the follow-up period. RESULTS Baseline CSF VILIP-1, tau, and p-tau181 levels (but not Aβ42 levels) predicted rates of whole-brain and regional atrophy in AD over the follow-up period. Baseline CSF VILIP-1 levels predicted whole-brain (P = .006), hippocampal (P = .01), and entorhinal (P = .001) atrophy rates at least as well as tau and p-tau181 in early AD. Cognitively normal controls whose CSF VILIP-1, tau, or p-tau181 levels were in the upper tercile had higher rates of whole-brain (P = .02, P = .003, and P = .02, respectively), hippocampal (P = .001, P = .01, and P = .02, respectively), and entorhinal (P = .007, P = .01, and P = .01, respectively) atrophy compared with those whose levels were in the lower 2 terciles. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Cerebrospinal fluid VILIP-1 levels predict rates of whole-brain and regional atrophy similarly to tau and p-tau181 and may provide a useful CSF biomarker surrogate for neurodegeneration in early symptomatic and preclinical AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Tarawneh
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri2Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri3The Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's
| | - Denise Head
- The Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri5Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri6Department of
| | - Samantha Allison
- Department of Psychology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Virginia Buckles
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri3The Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Anne M Fagan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri2Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri3The Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's
| | - Jack H Ladenson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - John C Morris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri3The Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri7Department of
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri2Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri3The Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's
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244
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Srinivasa RN, Rossetti HC, Gupta MK, Rosenberg RN, Weiner MF, Peshock RM, McColl RW, Hynan LS, Lucarelli RT, King KS. Cardiovascular Risk Factors Associated with Smaller Brain Volumes in Regions Identified as Early Predictors of Cognitive Decline. Radiology 2015. [PMID: 26218598 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2015142488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine in a large multiethnic cohort the cardiovascular and genetic risk factors associated with smaller volume in the hippocampus, precuneus, and posterior cingulate, and their association with preclinical deficits in cognitive performance in patients younger and older than 50 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS The institutional review board approved the study and all participants provided written informed consent. Eligible for this study were 1629 participants (700 men and 929 women; mean age, 50.0 years ± 10.2 [standard deviation]) drawn from the population-based Dallas Heart Study who underwent laboratory and clinical analysis in an initial baseline visit and approximately 7 years later underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging with automated volumetry and cognitive assessment with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Regression analysis showed associations between risk factors and segmental volumes, and associations between these volumes with cognitive performance in participants younger and older than 50 years. RESULTS Lower hippocampal volume was associated with previous alcohol consumption (standardized estimate, -0.04; P = .039) and smoking (standardized estimate, -0.04; P = .048). Several risk factors correlated with lower total brain, posterior cingulate, and precuneus volumes. Higher total (standardized estimate, 0.06; P = .050), high-density lipoprotein (standardized estimate, 0.07; P = .003), and low-density lipoprotein (standardized estimate, 0.04; P = .037) cholesterol levels were associated with larger posterior cingulate volume, and higher triglyceride levels (standardized estimate, 0.06; P = .004) were associated with larger precuneus volume. Total MoCA score was associated with posterior cingulate volume (standardized estimate, 0.13; P = .001) in younger individuals and with hippocampal (standardized estimate, 0.06; P < .05) and precuneus (standardized estimate, 0.08; P < .023) volumes in older adults. CONCLUSION Smaller volumes in specific brain regions considered to be early markers of dementia risk were associated with specific cardiovascular disease risk factors and cognitive deficits in a predominantly midlife multiethnic population-based sample. Additionally, the risk factors most associated with these brain volumes differed in participants younger and older than 50 years, as did the association between brain volume and MoCA score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv N Srinivasa
- From the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Radiology, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Heidi C Rossetti
- From the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Radiology, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Mohit K Gupta
- From the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Radiology, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Roger N Rosenberg
- From the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Radiology, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Myron F Weiner
- From the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Radiology, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Ronald M Peshock
- From the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Radiology, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Roderick W McColl
- From the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Radiology, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Linda S Hynan
- From the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Radiology, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Richard T Lucarelli
- From the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Radiology, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Kevin S King
- From the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Radiology, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390
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245
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Lorenzi M, Ayache N, Pennec X. Regional flux analysis for discovering and quantifying anatomical changes: An application to the brain morphometry in Alzheimer's disease. Neuroimage 2015; 115:224-34. [PMID: 25963734 PMCID: PMC6343474 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we introduce the regional flux analysis, a novel approach to deformation based morphometry based on the Helmholtz decomposition of deformations parameterized by stationary velocity fields. We use the scalar pressure map associated to the irrotational component of the deformation to discover the critical regions of volume change. These regions are used to consistently quantify the associated measure of volume change by the probabilistic integration of the flux of the longitudinal deformations across the boundaries. The presented framework unifies voxel-based and regional approaches, and robustly describes the volume changes at both group-wise and subject-specific level as a spatial process governed by consistently defined regions. Our experiments on the large cohorts of the ADNI dataset show that the regional flux analysis is a powerful and flexible instrument for the study of Alzheimer's disease in a wide range of scenarios: cross-sectional deformation based morphometry, longitudinal discovery and quantification of group-wise volume changes, and statistically powered and robust quantification of hippocampal and ventricular atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lorenzi
- Asclepios Research Project, INRIA Sophia Antipolis, 2004 route des Lucioles BP 93, 06 902 Sophia Antipolis, France.
| | - N Ayache
- Asclepios Research Project, INRIA Sophia Antipolis, 2004 route des Lucioles BP 93, 06 902 Sophia Antipolis, France.
| | - X Pennec
- Asclepios Research Project, INRIA Sophia Antipolis, 2004 route des Lucioles BP 93, 06 902 Sophia Antipolis, France.
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246
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Weiner MW, Veitch DP, Aisen PS, Beckett LA, Cairns NJ, Cedarbaum J, Donohue MC, Green RC, Harvey D, Jack CR, Jagust W, Morris JC, Petersen RC, Saykin AJ, Shaw L, Thompson PM, Toga AW, Trojanowski JQ. Impact of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, 2004 to 2014. Alzheimers Dement 2015; 11:865-84. [PMID: 26194320 PMCID: PMC4659407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) was established in 2004 to facilitate the development of effective treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) by validating biomarkers for AD clinical trials. METHODS We searched for ADNI publications using established methods. RESULTS ADNI has (1) developed standardized biomarkers for use in clinical trial subject selection and as surrogate outcome measures; (2) standardized protocols for use across multiple centers; (3) initiated worldwide ADNI; (4) inspired initiatives investigating traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic stress disorder in military populations, and depression, respectively, as an AD risk factor; (5) acted as a data-sharing model; (6) generated data used in over 600 publications, leading to the identification of novel AD risk alleles, and an understanding of the relationship between biomarkers and AD progression; and (7) inspired other public-private partnerships developing biomarkers for Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis. DISCUSSION ADNI has made myriad impacts in its first decade. A competitive renewal of the project in 2015 would see the use of newly developed tau imaging ligands, and the continued development of recruitment strategies and outcome measures for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Weiner
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Dallas P Veitch
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul S Aisen
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California- San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Laurel A Beckett
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nigel J Cairns
- Department of Neurology, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jesse Cedarbaum
- Neurology Early Clinical Development, Biogen Idec, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael C Donohue
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Robert C Green
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Danielle Harvey
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - William Jagust
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and the School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Andrew J Saykin
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Leslie Shaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, University of Southern California, Marina Del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Arthur W Toga
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, Institute of Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute on Aging, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Alzheimer's Disease Core Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Udall Parkinson's Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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247
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Changes of individual BrainAGE during the course of the menstrual cycle. Neuroimage 2015; 115:1-6. [PMID: 25913700 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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248
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Pardoe HR, Cutter GR, Alter R, Hiess RK, Semmelroch M, Parker D, Farquharson S, Jackson GD, Kuzniecky R. Pooling Morphometric Estimates: A Statistical Equivalence Approach. J Neuroimaging 2015; 26:109-15. [PMID: 26094850 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in hardware or image-processing settings are a common issue for large multicenter studies. To pool MRI data acquired under these changed conditions, it is necessary to demonstrate that the changes do not affect MRI-based measurements. In these circumstances, classical inference testing is inappropriate because it is designed to detect differences, not prove similarity. We used a method known as statistical equivalence testing to address this limitation. Equivalence testing was carried out on 3 datasets: (1) cortical thickness and automated hippocampal volume estimates obtained from healthy individuals imaged using different multichannel head coils; (2) manual hippocampal volumetry obtained using two readers; and (3) corpus callosum area estimates obtained using an automated method with manual cleanup carried out by two readers. Equivalence testing was carried out using the "two one-sided tests" (TOST) approach. Power analyses of the TOST were used to estimate sample sizes required for well-powered equivalence testing analyses. Mean and standard deviation estimates from the automated hippocampal volume dataset were used to carry out an example power analysis. Cortical thickness values were found to be equivalent over 61% of the cortex when different head coils were used (q < .05, false discovery rate correction). Automated hippocampal volume estimates obtained using the same two coils were statistically equivalent (TOST P = 4.28 × 10(-15) ). Manual hippocampal volume estimates obtained using two readers were not statistically equivalent (TOST P = .97). The use of different readers to carry out limited correction of automated corpus callosum segmentations yielded equivalent area estimates (TOST P = 1.28 × 10(-14) ). Power analysis of simulated and automated hippocampal volume data demonstrated that the equivalence margin affects the number of subjects required for well-powered equivalence tests. We have presented a statistical method for determining if morphometric measures obtained under variable conditions can be pooled. The equivalence testing technique is applicable for analyses in which experimental conditions vary over the course of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heath R Pardoe
- Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Gary R Cutter
- School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Rachel Alter
- Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Rebecca Kucharsky Hiess
- Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Mira Semmelroch
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Donna Parker
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shawna Farquharson
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Graeme D Jackson
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ruben Kuzniecky
- Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
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Benítez-Burraco A, Boeckx C. Possible functional links among brain- and skull-related genes selected in modern humans. Front Psychol 2015; 6:794. [PMID: 26136701 PMCID: PMC4468360 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The sequencing of the genomes from extinct hominins has revealed that changes in some brain-related genes have been selected after the split between anatomically-modern humans and Neanderthals/Denisovans. To date, no coherent view of these changes has been provided. Following a line of research we initiated in Boeckx and Benítez-Burraco (2014a), we hypothesize functional links among most of these genes and their products, based on the existing literature for each of the gene discussed. The genes we focus on are found mutated in different cognitive disorders affecting modern populations and their products are involved in skull and brain morphology, and neural connectivity. If our hypothesis turns out to be on the right track, it means that the changes affecting most of these proteins resulted in a more globular brain and ultimately brought about modern cognition, with its characteristic generativity and capacity to form and exploit cross-modular concepts, properties most clearly manifested in language.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cedric Boeckx
- Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies , Barcelona, Spain ; Department of Linguistics, Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain
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250
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Aloni E, Shapira M, Eldar-Finkelman H, Barnea A. GSK-3β Inhibition Affects Singing Behavior and Neurogenesis in Adult Songbirds. BRAIN, BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION 2015; 85:233-44. [PMID: 26065821 DOI: 10.1159/000382029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
GSK-3 (glycogen synthase kinase-3) is a serine/threonine kinase which is a critical regulator in neuronal signaling, cognition, and behavior. We have previously shown that unlike other vertebrates that harbor both α and β GSK-3 genes, the α gene is missing in birds. Therefore, birds can be used as a new animal model to study the roles of GSK-3β in behavior and in regulating adult neurogenesis. In the present study, we inhibited GSK-3β in brains of adult male zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) and accordingly investigated how this inhibition affects behavior and cell proliferation. Our results show that GSK-3 inhibition: (1) affects specific aspects of singing behavior, which might be related to social interactions in birds, and (2) differentially affects cell proliferation in various parts of the ventricular zone. Taken together, our study demonstrates a role of GSK-3β in regulating singing behavior and neuronal proliferation in birds and highlights the importance of GSK-3β in modulating cognitive abilities as well as social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etay Aloni
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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