201
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K. Au K, Peterson N, Truesdell P, Reid-Schachter G, Khalaj K, Ren R, Francis JA, Graham CH, Craig AW, Koti M. CXCL10 alters the tumour immune microenvironment and disease progression in a syngeneic murine model of high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2017; 145:436-445. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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202
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Fernandez-Poma SM, Salas-Benito D, Lozano T, Casares N, Riezu-Boj JI, Mancheño U, Elizalde E, Alignani D, Zubeldia N, Otano I, Conde E, Sarobe P, Lasarte JJ, Hervas-Stubbs S. Expansion of Tumor-Infiltrating CD8 + T cells Expressing PD-1 Improves the Efficacy of Adoptive T-cell Therapy. Cancer Res 2017; 77:3672-3684. [PMID: 28522749 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have found that tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) expressing PD-1 can recognize autologous tumor cells, suggesting that cells derived from PD-1+ TILs can be used in adoptive T-cell therapy (ACT). However, no study thus far has evaluated the antitumor activity of PD-1-selected TILs in vivo In two mouse models of solid tumors, we show that PD-1 allows identification and isolation of tumor-specific TILs without previous knowledge of their antigen specificities. Importantly, despite the high proportion of tumor-reactive T cells present in bulk CD8 TILs before expansion, only T-cell products derived from sorted PD-1+, but not from PD-1- or bulk CD8 TILs, specifically recognized tumor cells. The fold expansion of PD-1+ CD8 TILs was 10 times lower than that of PD-1- cells, suggesting that outgrowth of PD-1- cells was the limiting factor in the tumor specificity of cells derived from bulk CD8 TILs. The highly differentiated state of PD-1+ cells was likely the main cause hampering ex vivo expansion of this subset. Moreover, PD-1 precisely identified marrow-infiltrating, myeloma-specific T cells in a mouse model of multiple myeloma. In vivo, only cells expanded from PD-1+ CD8 TILs contained tumor progression, and their efficacy was enhanced by PDL-1 blockade. Overall, our data provide a rationale for the use of PD-1-selected TILs in ACT. Cancer Res; 77(13); 3672-84. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita M Fernandez-Poma
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Navarra, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Navarra, Spain
| | - Diego Salas-Benito
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Navarra, Spain.,Oncology Department, University Clinic, University of Navarra, Navarra, Spain
| | - Teresa Lozano
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Navarra, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Navarra, Spain
| | - Noelia Casares
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Navarra, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Navarra, Spain
| | - Jose-Ignacio Riezu-Boj
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Navarra, Spain.,Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Navarra, Spain
| | - Uxua Mancheño
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Navarra, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Navarra, Spain
| | - Edurne Elizalde
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Navarra, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Navarra, Spain
| | - Diego Alignani
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Navarra, Spain.,Cytometry Unit, CIMA, University of Navarra, Navarra, Spain
| | - Natalia Zubeldia
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Navarra, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Navarra, Spain
| | - Itziar Otano
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Navarra, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Navarra, Spain
| | - Enrique Conde
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Navarra, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Navarra, Spain
| | - Pablo Sarobe
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Navarra, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Navarra, Spain
| | - Juan Jose Lasarte
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Navarra, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Navarra, Spain
| | - Sandra Hervas-Stubbs
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Navarra, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Navarra, Spain
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203
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Pogge von Strandmann E, Reinartz S, Wager U, Müller R. Tumor-Host Cell Interactions in Ovarian Cancer: Pathways to Therapy Failure. Trends Cancer 2017; 3:137-148. [PMID: 28718444 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Although most ovarian cancer patients are highly responsive to chemotherapy, they frequently present with recurrent metastatic lesions that result in poor overall survival, a situation that has not changed in the last 20 years. This review discusses new insights into the regulation of ovarian cancer chemoresistance with a focus on the emerging role of immune and other host cells. Here, we summarize the complex molecular pathways that regulate the interaction between tumor and host cells, discuss the limitations of current in vitro and in vivo models for translational studies, and present perspectives for the development of innovative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Pogge von Strandmann
- Experimental Tumor Research, Clinic for Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Silke Reinartz
- Clinic for Gynecology, Gynecological Oncology and Gynecological Endocrinology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Wager
- Clinic for Gynecology, Gynecological Oncology and Gynecological Endocrinology, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg (UKGM), Baldingerstrasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
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204
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Abstract
Many cancers including ovarian, pancreatic, colon, liver, and stomach cancers are largely confined to the peritoneal cavity. Peritoneal tumors are directly accessible by intraperitoneal injections. Previously we demonstrated that intraperitoneal injection of nanoparticles and subsequent ingestion by tumor-associated phagocytes can be used to either directly impact tumors or stimulate antitumor immune responses. Here we outline methods to specifically utilize iron oxide nanoparticles with the ID8-Defb29/Vegf-A murine ovarian cancer model and discuss the tendency of phagocytes to ingest nanoparticles and the potential of phagocytes to carry nanoparticles to tumors resulting in direct killing of tumor cells or stimulate antitumor immune responses in peritoneal cancers. This basic approach can be modified as needed for different types of tumors and nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee Rie Sheen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
| | - Steven Fiering
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Drive, 622 Rubin DHMC, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA.
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205
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Gupta HB, Clark CA, Yuan B, Sareddy G, Pandeswara S, Padron AS, Hurez V, Conejo-Garcia J, Vadlamudi R, Li R, Curiel TJ. Tumor cell-intrinsic PD-L1 promotes tumor-initiating cell generation and functions in melanoma and ovarian cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2016; 1. [PMID: 28798885 PMCID: PMC5547561 DOI: 10.1038/sigtrans.2016.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As tumor PD-L1 provides signals to anti-tumor PD-1+ T cells that blunt their functions, αPD-1 and αPD-L1 antibodies have been developed as anti-cancer immunotherapies based on interrupting this signaling axis. However, tumor cell-intrinsic PD-L1 signals also regulate immune-independent tumor cell proliferation and mTOR signals, among other important effects. Tumor-initiating cells (TICs) generate carcinomas, resist treatments and promote relapse. We show here that in murine B16 melanoma and ID8agg ovarian carcinoma cells, TICs express more PD-L1 versus non-TICs. Silencing PD-L1 in B16 and ID8agg cells by shRNA (‘PD-L1lo’) reduced TIC numbers, the canonical TIC genes nanog and pou5f1 (oct4), and functions as assessed by tumorosphere development, immune-dependent and immune-independent tumorigenesis, and serial transplantability in vivo. Strikingly, tumor PD-L1 sensitized TIC to interferon-γ and rapamycin in vitro. Cell-intrinsic PD-L1 similarly drove functional TIC generation, canonical TIC gene expression and sensitivity to interferon-γ and rapamycin in human ES2 ovarian cancer cells. Thus, tumor-intrinsic PD-L1 signals promote TIC generation and virulence, possibly by promoting canonical TIC gene expression, suggesting that PD-L1 has novel signaling effects on cancer pathogenesis and treatment responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita B Gupta
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Curtis A Clark
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Bin Yuan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Gangadhara Sareddy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Srilakshmi Pandeswara
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Alvaro S Padron
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Vincent Hurez
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - José Conejo-Garcia
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Ratna Vadlamudi
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229.,The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229.,Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Rong Li
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229.,Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Tyler J Curiel
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229.,The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229.,Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229
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206
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Emergent role of the fractalkine axis in dissemination of peritoneal metastasis from epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Oncogene 2016; 36:3025-3036. [PMID: 27941884 PMCID: PMC5444995 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian carcinoma is the most common cause of death from gynecologic cancers largely due to advanced, relapsed, and chemotherapy-resistant peritoneal metastasis, which is refractory to the currently used treatment approaches. Mechanisms supporting advanced and relapsed peritoneal metastasis are largely unknown, precluding development of more effective targeted therapies. In this study we investigated the function of a potentially targetable fractalkine axis in the formation and the development of advanced and relapsed peritoneal metastasis and its impact on patients’ outcomes. Our mouse model studies support a role for the fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1) in the initiation of peritoneal adhesion important for recolonization of relapsed peritoneal metastasis. We show that downregulation of CX3CR1 results in reduction of metastatic burden at several peritoneal sites commonly colonized by advanced and relapsed metastatic ovarian carcinoma. We show that the chemokine fractalkine (CX3CL1), an activating ligand of CX3CR1, regulates organ-specific peritoneal colonization. High expression of CX3CR1 correlates with significantly shorter survival, specifically in post-menopausal patients with advanced and terminal stages of the disease. Taken together, our studies support a key regulatory role for the fractalkine axis in advanced and relapsed peritoneal metastasis in epithelial ovarian carcinoma.
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207
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Abstract
A cause-effect relationship between ovulation and common (surface) epithelial ovarian cancer has been suspected for many years. The ovarian surface epithelium apparently becomes exposed to genotoxins that are generated during the ovulatory process. Intensive egg-laying hens readily develop ovarian carcinomatosis. Indeed, elevated levels of potentially mutagenic 8-oxo-guanine adducts were detected in avian ovarian epithelial cells isolated from the apical surfaces and perimeters of pre-and postovulatory follicles, respectively. Internucleosomal DNA fragmentation indicative of apoptosis was evident in ovarian surface epithelial cells associated with the formative site of ovulation (stigma line) and regressive ruptured follicles. It is conceivable that a genetically altered progenitor cell with unrepaired DNA but not committed to death (i.e., a unifocal “escape”) could give rise to a transformed phenotype. Hence, the high rate of ovarian cancer in egg-laying hens could be the consequence of genomic damages to the ovarian surface epithelium associated with incessant ovulations, thereby increasing the likelihood of mutation and clonal expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Murdoch
- Department of Animal Science and Reproductive Biology Program, 1000 E. University Avenue, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA.
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208
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Mirando AC, Abdi K, Wo P, Lounsbury KM. Assessing the effects of threonyl-tRNA synthetase on angiogenesis-related responses. Methods 2016; 113:132-138. [PMID: 27847344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several recent reports have found a connection between specific aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and the regulation of angiogenesis. As this new area of research is explored, it is important to have reliable assays to assess the specific angiogenesis functions of these enzymes. This review provides information about specific in vitro and in vivo methods that were used to assess the angiogenic functions of threonyl-tRNA synthetase including endothelial cell migration and tube assays as well as chorioallantoic membrane and tumor vascularization assays. The theory and discussion include best methods of analysis and quantification along with the advantages and limitations of each type of assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Mirando
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
| | - Khadar Abdi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
| | - Peibin Wo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
| | - Karen M Lounsbury
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States.
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209
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Huang RY, Francois A, McGray AR, Miliotto A, Odunsi K. Compensatory upregulation of PD-1, LAG-3, and CTLA-4 limits the efficacy of single-agent checkpoint blockade in metastatic ovarian cancer. Oncoimmunology 2016; 6:e1249561. [PMID: 28197366 PMCID: PMC5283642 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1249561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated or -infiltrating lymphocytes (TALs or TILs) co-express multiple immune inhibitory receptors that contribute to immune suppression in the ovarian tumor microenvironment (TME). Dual blockade of PD-1 along with LAG-3 or CTLA-4 has been shown to synergistically enhance T-cell effector function, resulting in a delay in murine ovarian tumor growth. However, the mechanisms underlying this synergy and the relative contribution of other inhibitory receptors to immune suppression in the ovarian TME are unknown. Here, we report that multiple immune checkpoints are expressed in TALs and TILs isolated from ovarian tumor-bearing mice. Importantly, blockade of PD-1, LAG-3, or CTLA-4 alone using genetic ablation or blocking antibodies conferred a compensatory upregulation of the other checkpoint pathways, potentiating their capacity for local T-cell suppression that, in turn, could be overcome through combinatorial blockade strategies. Whereas single-agent blockade led to tumor outgrowth in all animals, dual antibody blockade against PD-1/CTLA-4 or triple blockade against PD-1/LAG-3/CTLA-4 resulted in tumor-free survival in 20% of treated mice. In contrast, dual blockade of LAG-3 and CTLA-4 pathways using PD-1 knockout mice led to tumor-free survival in 40% of treated mice, suggesting a hierarchical ordering of checkpoint function. Durable antitumor immunity was most strongly associated with increased numbers of CD8+ T cells, the frequency of cytokine-producing effector T cells, reduced frequency of Tregs and arginine-expressing monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the peritoneal TME. These data provide a basis for combinatorial checkpoint blockade in clinical intervention for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruea-Yea Huang
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute , Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Ariel Francois
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute , Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Aj Robert McGray
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute , Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Anthony Miliotto
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute , Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
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210
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Thomas ED, Meza-Perez S, Bevis KS, Randall TD, Gillespie GY, Langford C, Alvarez RD. IL-12 Expressing oncolytic herpes simplex virus promotes anti-tumor activity and immunologic control of metastatic ovarian cancer in mice. J Ovarian Res 2016; 9:70. [PMID: 27784340 PMCID: PMC5082415 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-016-0282-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite advances in surgical aggressiveness and conventional chemotherapy, ovarian cancer remains the most lethal cause of gynecologic cancer mortality; consequently there is a need for new therapeutic agents and innovative treatment paradigms for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Several studies have demonstrated that ovarian cancer is an immunogenic disease and immunotherapy represents a promising and novel approach that has not been completely evaluated in ovarian cancer. Our objective was to evaluate the anti-tumor activity of an oncolytic herpes simplex virus “armed” with murine interleukin-12 and its ability to elicit tumor-specific immune responses. We evaluated the ability of interleukin−12-expressing and control oncolytic herpes simplex virus to kill murine and human ovarian cancer cell lines in vitro. We also administered interleukin−12-expressing oncolytic herpes simplex virus to the peritoneal cavity of mice that had developed spontaneous, metastatic ovarian cancer and determined overall survival and tumor burden at 95 days. We used flow cytometry to quantify the tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cell response in the omentum and peritoneal cavity. Results All ovarian cancer cell lines demonstrated susceptibility to oncolytic herpes simplex virus in vitro. Compared to controls, mice treated with interleukin−12-expressing oncolytic herpes simplex virus demonstrated a more robust tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell immune response in the omentum (471.6 cells vs 33.1 cells; p = 0.02) and peritoneal cavity (962.3 cells vs 179.5 cells; p = 0.05). Compared to controls, mice treated with interleukin−12-expressing oncolytic herpes simplex virus were more likely to control ovarian cancer metastases (81.2 % vs 18.2 %; p = 0.008) and had a significantly longer overall survival (p = 0.02). Finally, five of 6 mice treated with interleukin−12-expressing oHSV had no evidence of metastatic tumor when euthanized at 6 months, compared to two of 4 mice treated with sterile phosphate buffer solution. Conclusion Our pilot study demonstrates that an interleukin−12-expressing oncolytic herpes simplex virus effectively kills both murine and human ovarian cancer cell lines and promotes tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in the peritoneal cavity and omentum, leading to reduced peritoneal metastasis and improved survival in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Thomas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1700 6th Avenue South, Room 10250, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
| | - Selene Meza-Perez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Kerri S Bevis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1700 6th Avenue South, Room 10250, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Troy D Randall
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - G Yancey Gillespie
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Catherine Langford
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Ronald D Alvarez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1700 6th Avenue South, Room 10250, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
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211
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Urzúa U, Ampuero S, Roby KF, Owens GA, Munroe DJ. Dysregulation of mitotic machinery genes precedes genome instability during spontaneous pre-malignant transformation of mouse ovarian surface epithelial cells. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:728. [PMID: 27801298 PMCID: PMC5088517 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3068-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Based in epidemiological evidence, repetitive ovulation has been proposed to play a role in the origin of ovarian cancer by inducing an aberrant wound rupture-repair process of the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE). Accordingly, long term cultures of isolated OSE cells undergo in vitro spontaneous transformation thus developing tumorigenic capacity upon extensive subcultivation. In this work, C57BL/6 mouse OSE (MOSE) cells were cultured up to passage 28 and their RNA and DNA copy number profiles obtained at passages 2, 5, 7, 10, 14, 18, 23, 25 and 28 by means of DNA microarrays. Gene ontology, pathway and network analyses were focused in passages earlier than 20, which is a hallmark of malignancy in this model. Results At passage 14, 101 genes were up-regulated in absence of significant DNA copy number changes. Among these, the top-3 enriched functions (>30 fold, adj p < 0.05) comprised 7 genes coding for centralspindlin, chromosome passenger and minichromosome maintenance protein complexes. The genes Ccnb1 (Cyclin B1), Birc5 (Survivin), Nusap1 and Kif23 were the most recurrent in over a dozen GO terms related to the mitotic process. On the other hand, Pten plus the large non-coding RNAs Malat1 and Neat1 were among the 80 down-regulated genes with mRNA processing, nuclear bodies, ER-stress response and tumor suppression as relevant terms. Interestingly, the earliest discrete segmental aneuploidies arose by passage 18 in chromosomes 7, 10, 11, 13, 15, 17 and 19. By passage 23, when MOSE cells express the malignant phenotype, the dysregulated gene expression repertoire expanded, DNA imbalances enlarged in size and covered additional loci. Conclusion Prior to early aneuploidies, overexpression of genes coding for the mitotic apparatus in passage-14 pre-malignant MOSE cells indicate an increased proliferation rate suggestive of replicative stress. Concomitant down-regulation of nuclear bodies and RNA processing related genes suggests altered control of nuclear RNA maturation, features recently linked to impaired DNA damage response leading to genome instability. These results, combined with cytogenetic analysis by other authors in this model, suggest that transcriptional profile at passage 14 might induce cytokinesis failure by which tetraploid cells approach a near-tetraploid stage containing primary chromosome aberrations that initiate the tumorigenic drive. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3068-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulises Urzúa
- Laboratorio de Genómica Aplicada, Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, ICBM-Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Sandra Ampuero
- Programa de Virología, ICBM-Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Katherine F Roby
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Garrison A Owens
- Laboratory of Molecular Technology, NCI-SAIC Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA.,Current address: Life Sciences Solutions Group, ThermoFisher Scientific, 5792 Van Allen Way, Carlsbad, CA, 92008, USA
| | - David J Munroe
- Laboratory of Molecular Technology, NCI-SAIC Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA.,Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
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212
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Walton J, Blagih J, Ennis D, Leung E, Dowson S, Farquharson M, Tookman LA, Orange C, Athineos D, Mason S, Stevenson D, Blyth K, Strathdee D, Balkwill FR, Vousden K, Lockley M, McNeish IA. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Trp53 and Brca2 Knockout to Generate Improved Murine Models of Ovarian High-Grade Serous Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2016; 76:6118-6129. [PMID: 27530326 PMCID: PMC5802386 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for transplantable murine models of ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) with regard to mutations in the human disease to assist investigations of the relationships between tumor genotype, chemotherapy response, and immune microenvironment. In addressing this need, we performed whole-exome sequencing of ID8, the most widely used transplantable model of ovarian cancer, covering 194,000 exomes at a mean depth of 400× with 90% exons sequenced >50×. We found no functional mutations in genes characteristic of HGSC (Trp53, Brca1, Brca2, Nf1, and Rb1), and p53 remained transcriptionally active. Homologous recombination in ID8 remained intact in functional assays. Further, we found no mutations typical of clear cell carcinoma (Arid1a, Pik3ca), low-grade serous carcinoma (Braf), endometrioid (Ctnnb1), or mucinous (Kras) carcinomas. Using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, we modeled HGSC by generating novel ID8 derivatives that harbored single (Trp53-/-) or double (Trp53-/-;Brca2-/-) suppressor gene deletions. In these mutants, loss of p53 alone was sufficient to increase the growth rate of orthotopic tumors with significant effects observed on the immune microenvironment. Specifically, p53 loss increased expression of the myeloid attractant CCL2 and promoted the infiltration of immunosuppressive myeloid cell populations into primary tumors and their ascites. In Trp53-/-;Brca2-/- mutant cells, we documented a relative increase in sensitivity to the PARP inhibitor rucaparib and slower orthotopic tumor growth compared with Trp53-/- cells, with an appearance of intratumoral tertiary lymphoid structures rich in CD3+ T cells. This work validates new CRISPR-generated models of HGSC to investigate its biology and promote mechanism-based therapeutics discovery. Cancer Res; 76(20); 6118-29. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Walton
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. Centre for Cancer and Inflammation, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julianna Blagih
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Darren Ennis
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Leung
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne Dowson
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm Farquharson
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Laura A Tookman
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Orange
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Susan Mason
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - David Stevenson
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Frances R Balkwill
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Vousden
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Lockley
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Iain A McNeish
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
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213
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Svoronos N, Perales-Puchalt A, Allegrezza MJ, Rutkowski MR, Payne KK, Tesone AJ, Nguyen JM, Curiel TJ, Cadungog MG, Singhal S, Eruslanov EB, Zhang P, Tchou J, Zhang R, Conejo-Garcia JR. Tumor Cell-Independent Estrogen Signaling Drives Disease Progression through Mobilization of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells. Cancer Discov 2016; 7:72-85. [PMID: 27694385 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-16-0502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of estrogens in antitumor immunity remains poorly understood. Here, we show that estrogen signaling accelerates the progression of different estrogen-insensitive tumor models by contributing to deregulated myelopoiesis by both driving the mobilization of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and enhancing their intrinsic immunosuppressive activity in vivo Differences in tumor growth are dependent on blunted antitumor immunity and, correspondingly, disappear in immunodeficient hosts and upon MDSC depletion. Mechanistically, estrogen receptor alpha activates the STAT3 pathway in human and mouse bone marrow myeloid precursors by enhancing JAK2 and SRC activity. Therefore, estrogen signaling is a crucial mechanism underlying pathologic myelopoiesis in cancer. Our work suggests that new antiestrogen drugs that have no agonistic effects may have benefits in a wide range of cancers, independently of the expression of estrogen receptors in tumor cells, and may synergize with immunotherapies to significantly extend survival. SIGNIFICANCE Ablating estrogenic activity delays malignant progression independently of the tumor cell responsiveness, owing to a decrease in the mobilization and immunosuppressive activity of MDSCs, which boosts T-cell-dependent antitumor immunity. Our results provide a mechanistic rationale to block estrogen signaling with newer antagonists to boost the effectiveness of anticancer immunotherapies. Cancer Discov; 7(1); 72-85. ©2016 AACR.See related commentary by Welte et al., p. 17This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Svoronos
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alfredo Perales-Puchalt
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael J Allegrezza
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Melanie R Rutkowski
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kyle K Payne
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Amelia J Tesone
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jenny M Nguyen
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tyler J Curiel
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas.,Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas.,Cancer Therapy and Research Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Mark G Cadungog
- Helen F. Graham Cancer Center, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, Delaware
| | - Sunil Singhal
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Evgeniy B Eruslanov
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Paul Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Julia Tchou
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rugang Zhang
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jose R Conejo-Garcia
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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214
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Clark CA, Gupta HB, Sareddy G, Pandeswara S, Lao S, Yuan B, Drerup JM, Padron A, Conejo-Garcia J, Murthy K, Liu Y, Turk MJ, Thedieck K, Hurez V, Li R, Vadlamudi R, Curiel TJ. Tumor-Intrinsic PD-L1 Signals Regulate Cell Growth, Pathogenesis, and Autophagy in Ovarian Cancer and Melanoma. Cancer Res 2016; 76:6964-6974. [PMID: 27671674 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PD-L1 antibodies produce efficacious clinical responses in diverse human cancers, but the basis for their effects remains unclear, leaving a gap in the understanding of how to rationally leverage therapeutic activity. PD-L1 is widely expressed in tumor cells, but its contributions to tumor pathogenicity are incompletely understood. In this study, we evaluated the hypothesis that PD-L1 exerts tumor cell-intrinsic signals that are critical for pathogenesis. Using RNAi methodology, we attenuated PD-L1 in the murine ovarian cell line ID8agg and the melanoma cell line B16 (termed PD-L1lo cells), which express basal PD-L1. We observed that PD-L1lo cells proliferated more weakly than control cells in vitro As expected, PD-L1lo cells formed tumors in immunocompetent mice relatively more slowly, but unexpectedly, they also formed tumors more slowly in immunodeficient NSG mice. RNA sequencing analysis identified a number of genes involved in autophagy and mTOR signaling that were affected by PD-L1 expression. In support of a functional role, PD-L1 attenuation augmented autophagy and blunted the ability of autophagy inhibitors to limit proliferation in vitro and in vivo in NSG mice. PD-L1 attenuation also reduced mTORC1 activity and augmented the antiproliferative effects of the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin. PD-L1lo cells were also relatively deficient in metastasis to the lung, and we found that anti-PD-L1 administration could block tumor cell growth and metastasis in NSG mice. This therapeutic effect was observed with B16 cells but not ID8agg cells, illustrating tumor- or compartmental-specific effects in the therapeutic setting. Overall, our findings extend understanding of PD-L1 functions, illustrate nonimmune effects of anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy, and suggest broader uses for PD-L1 as a biomarker for assessing cancer therapeutic responses. Cancer Res; 76(23); 6964-74. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis A Clark
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas.,Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Harshita B Gupta
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Gangadhara Sareddy
- Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Srilakshmi Pandeswara
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Shunhua Lao
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Bin Yuan
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Justin M Drerup
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas.,Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Alvaro Padron
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - José Conejo-Garcia
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kruthi Murthy
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas.,Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Mary Jo Turk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Kathrin Thedieck
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands and Department for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Vincent Hurez
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Rong Li
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas.,Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Ratna Vadlamudi
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas.,Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Tyler J Curiel
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas. .,Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas.,Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
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215
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Generation of Tumors in Transgenic Mice Expressing the SV40 T Antigen Under the Control of Ovarian-Specific Promoter 1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1071-55760300073-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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216
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Huang RY, Eppolito C, Lele S, Shrikant P, Matsuzaki J, Odunsi K. LAG3 and PD1 co-inhibitory molecules collaborate to limit CD8+ T cell signaling and dampen antitumor immunity in a murine ovarian cancer model. Oncotarget 2016; 6:27359-77. [PMID: 26318293 PMCID: PMC4694995 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune co-inhibitory receptors lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG3) and programmed cell death 1 (PD1) synergistically contribute to autoimmunity and tumor evasion. Here we demonstrate how they collaborate and interact to regulate T cell function. We first show that LAG3 and PD1 are co-expressed on both OVA-specific and non-specific T cells infiltrating murine ovarian tumors. Dual antibody blockade or genetic knockout of LAG3 and PD1 significantly enhanced T effector function and delayed tumor growth. LAG3 and PD1 co-localized in activated CD8+ T cells in vitro at the trans-Golgi vesicles, early/recycling endosomal compartments, lysosomes, and microtubule organizing center. Importantly, LAG3 and PD1 cluster with pLck at the immunological synapse. Reciprocal immunoprecipitation of T cell extracts revealed physical interaction between LAG3 and PD1. Mutational analyses indicate that the cytoplasmic domain of LAG3 is not absolutely required for its association with PD1, while the ITIM and ITSM of PD1 are necessary for its association with LAG3. Finally, LAG3 protein also associates with the Src-homology-2 domain-containing phosphatases (SHP1/2) which are known to be recruited by PD1 during T cell signaling. Our data indicate that the association of LAG3 with PD1 contributes to their rapid trafficking to the immunological synapse, leading to a synergistic inhibitory effect on T cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruea-Yea Huang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA.,Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Cheryl Eppolito
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA.,Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Shashikant Lele
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Protul Shrikant
- Department of Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Junko Matsuzaki
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA.,Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA.,Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA.,Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA.,Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
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217
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Yoshida M, Taguchi A, Kawana K, Adachi K, Kawata A, Ogishima J, Nakamura H, Fujimoto A, Sato M, Inoue T, Nishida H, Furuya H, Tomio K, Arimoto T, Koga K, Wada-Hiraike O, Oda K, Nagamatsu T, Kiyono T, Osuga Y, Fujii T. Modification of the Tumor Microenvironment in KRAS or c-MYC-Induced Ovarian Cancer-Associated Peritonitis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160330. [PMID: 27483433 PMCID: PMC4970724 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common properties of oncogenes are cell proliferation and the prevention of apoptosis in malignant cells, which, as a consequence, induce tumor formation and dissemination. However, the effects of oncogenes on the tumor microenvironment (TME) have not yet been examined in detail. The accumulation of ascites accompanied by chronic inflammation and elevated concentrations of VEGF is a hallmark of the progression of ovarian cancer. We herein demonstrated the mechanisms by which oncogenes contribute to modulating the ovarian cancer microenvironment. c-MYC and KRAS were transduced into the mouse ovarian cancer cell line ID8. ID8, ID8-c-MYC, or ID8-KRAS cells were then injected into the peritoneal cavities of C57/BL6 mice and the production of ascites was assessed. ID8-c-MYC and ID8-KRAS both markedly accelerated ovarian cancer progression in vivo, whereas no significant differences were observed in proliferative activity in vitro. ID8-KRAS in particular induced the production of ascites, which accumulated between approximately two to three weeks after the injection, more rapidly than ID8 and ID8-c-MYC (between nine and ten weeks and between six and seven weeks, respectively). VEGF concentrations in ascites significantly increased in c-MYC-induced ovarian cancer, whereas the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines in ascites were significantly high in KRAS-induced ovarian cancer and were accompanied by an increased number of neutrophils in ascites. A cytokine array revealed that KRAS markedly induced the expression of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in ID8 cells. These results suggest that oncogenes promote cancer progression by modulating the TME in favor of cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuyo Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8655, Japan
| | - Ayumi Taguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8655, Japan
| | - Kei Kawana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8655, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Katsuyuki Adachi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8655, Japan
| | - Akira Kawata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8655, Japan
| | - Juri Ogishima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8655, Japan
| | - Hiroe Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8655, Japan
| | - Asaha Fujimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8655, Japan
| | - Masakazu Sato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8655, Japan
| | - Tomoko Inoue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8655, Japan
| | - Haruka Nishida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8655, Japan
| | - Hitomi Furuya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8655, Japan
| | - Kensuke Tomio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8655, Japan
| | - Takahide Arimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8655, Japan
| | - Kaori Koga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8655, Japan
| | - Osamu Wada-Hiraike
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8655, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Oda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8655, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nagamatsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8655, Japan
| | - Tohru Kiyono
- Division of Virology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104–0045, Japan
| | - Yutaka Osuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8655, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8655, Japan
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218
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Horikawa N, Abiko K, Matsumura N, Hamanishi J, Baba T, Yamaguchi K, Yoshioka Y, Koshiyama M, Konishi I. Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Ovarian Cancer Inhibits Tumor Immunity through the Accumulation of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:587-599. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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219
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Hernandez L, Kim MK, Lyle LT, Bunch KP, House CD, Ning F, Noonan AM, Annunziata CM. Characterization of ovarian cancer cell lines as in vivo models for preclinical studies. Gynecol Oncol 2016; 142:332-40. [PMID: 27235858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The value of cell lines for pre-clinical work lies in choosing those with similar characteristics. Selection of cell lines is typically based on patient history, histological subtype at diagnosis, mutation patterns, or signaling pathways. Although recent studies established consensus regarding molecular characteristics of ovarian cancer cell lines, data on in vivo tumorigenicity remains only sporadically available, impeding translation of in vitro work to xenograft models. METHODS We introduced 18 ovarian cancer cell lines into athymic nude mice through subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, and ovary intrabursal routes, and observed tumor development over 6weeks. We also profiled cell line gene expression and identified differentially expressed gene sets based on their ability to form tumors in the subcutaneous or intraperitoneal locations. Representative cell lines were further subjected to proteomic analyses. RESULTS Ovarian cancer cell lines showed variable ability to grow in mice when implanted subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, or intrabursal. While some cell lines grew well in both SC and IP locations, others showed a strong propensity to grow in one location only. Gene expression profiles suggested that cell lines showing preference for IP growth had gene expression patterns more similar to primary tumors. CONCLUSIONS We report the tumorigenicity of 17 human ovarian cancer cell lines and one mouse cell line in three distinct anatomical locations, and associated gene networks. Growth patterns and histopathology, linked to molecular characteristics, provide a valuable resource to the research community, and better guide the choice of cell lines for in vitro studies to translate efficiently into xenograft testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Hernandez
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Marianne K Kim
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - L Tiffany Lyle
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Kristen P Bunch
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Carrie D House
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Franklin Ning
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Anne M Noonan
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Christina M Annunziata
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
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220
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Ortega RA, Barham W, Sharman K, Tikhomirov O, Giorgio TD, Yull FE. Manipulating the NF-κB pathway in macrophages using mannosylated, siRNA-delivering nanoparticles can induce immunostimulatory and tumor cytotoxic functions. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:2163-77. [PMID: 27274241 PMCID: PMC4876941 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s93483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are critically important in the context of solid tumor progression. Counterintuitively, these host immune cells can often support tumor cells along the path from primary tumor to metastatic colonization and growth. Thus, the ability to transform protumor TAMs into antitumor, immune-reactive macrophages would have significant therapeutic potential. However, in order to achieve these effects, two major hurdles would need to be overcome: development of a methodology to specifically target macrophages and increased knowledge of the optimal targets for cell-signaling modulation. This study addresses both of these obstacles and furthers the development of a therapeutic agent based on this strategy. Using ex vivo macrophages in culture, the efficacy of mannosylated nanoparticles to deliver small interfering RNA specifically to TAMs and modify signaling pathways is characterized. Then, selective small interfering RNA delivery is tested for the ability to inhibit gene targets within the canonical or alternative nuclear factor-kappaB pathways and result in antitumor phenotypes. Results confirm that the mannosylated nanoparticle approach can be used to modulate signaling within macrophages. We also identify appropriate gene targets in critical regulatory pathways. These findings represent an important advance toward the development of a novel cancer therapy that would minimize side effects because of the targeted nature of the intervention and that has rapid translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Ortega
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Whitney Barham
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kavya Sharman
- Department of Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Oleg Tikhomirov
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Todd D Giorgio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Fiona E Yull
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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221
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Martin SD, Brown SD, Wick DA, Nielsen JS, Kroeger DR, Twumasi-Boateng K, Holt RA, Nelson BH. Low Mutation Burden in Ovarian Cancer May Limit the Utility of Neoantigen-Targeted Vaccines. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155189. [PMID: 27192170 PMCID: PMC4871527 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to advances in sequencing technology, somatically mutated cancer antigens, or neoantigens, are now readily identifiable and have become compelling targets for immunotherapy. In particular, neoantigen-targeted vaccines have shown promise in several pre-clinical and clinical studies. However, to date, neoantigen-targeted vaccine studies have involved tumors with exceptionally high mutation burdens. It remains unclear whether neoantigen-targeted vaccines will be broadly applicable to cancers with intermediate to low mutation burdens, such as ovarian cancer. To address this, we assessed whether a derivative of the murine ovarian tumor model ID8 could be targeted with neoantigen vaccines. We performed whole exome and transcriptome sequencing on ID8-G7 cells. We identified 92 somatic mutations, 39 of which were transcribed, missense mutations. For the 17 top predicted MHC class I binding mutations, we immunized mice subcutaneously with synthetic long peptide vaccines encoding the relevant mutation. Seven of 17 vaccines induced robust mutation-specific CD4 and/or CD8 T cell responses. However, none of the vaccines prolonged survival of tumor-bearing mice in either the prophylactic or therapeutic setting. Moreover, none of the neoantigen-specific T cell lines recognized ID8-G7 tumor cells in vitro, indicating that the corresponding mutations did not give rise to bonafide MHC-presented epitopes. Additionally, bioinformatic analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas data revealed that only 12% (26/220) of HGSC cases had a ≥90% likelihood of harboring at least one authentic, naturally processed and presented neoantigen versus 51% (80/158) of lung cancers. Our findings highlight the limitations of applying neoantigen-targeted vaccines to tumor types with intermediate/low mutation burdens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer D. Martin
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Victoria, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Michael Smith’s Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Scott D. Brown
- Michael Smith’s Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Darin A. Wick
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Victoria, Canada
| | - Julie S. Nielsen
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Victoria, Canada
| | - David R. Kroeger
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Victoria, Canada
| | - Kwame Twumasi-Boateng
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Victoria, Canada
| | - Robert A. Holt
- Michael Smith’s Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Brad H. Nelson
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Victoria, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
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222
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Flies DB, Higuchi T, Harris JC, Jha V, Gimotty PA, Adams SF. Immune checkpoint blockade reveals the stimulatory capacity of tumor-associated CD103(+) dendritic cells in late-stage ovarian cancer. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1185583. [PMID: 27622059 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1185583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although immune infiltrates in ovarian cancer are associated with improved survival, the ovarian tumor environment has been characterized as immunosuppressive, due in part to functional shifts among dendritic cells with disease progression. We hypothesized that flux in dendritic cell subpopulations with cancer progression were responsible for observed differences in antitumor immune responses in early and late-stage disease. Here we identify three dendritic cell subsets with disparate functions in the ovarian tumor environment. CD11c+CD11b(-)CD103(+) dendritic cells are absent in the peritoneal cavity of healthy mice but comprise up to 40% of dendritic cells in tumor-bearing mice and retain T cell stimulatory capacity in advanced disease. Among CD11c+CD11b+ cells, Lair-1 expression distinguishes stimulatory and immunoregulatory DC subsets, which are also enriched in the tumor environment. Notably, PD-L1 is expressed by Lair-1(hi) immunoregulatory dendritic cells, and may contribute to local tumor antigen-specific T cell dysfunction. Using an adoptive transfer model, we find that PD-1 blockade enables tumor-associated CD103(+) dendritic cells to promote disease clearance. These data demonstrate that antitumor immune capacity is maintained among local dendritic cell subpopulations in the tumor environment with cancer progression. Similar dendritic cell subsets are present in malignant ascites from women with ovarian cancer, supporting the translational relevance of these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dallas B Flies
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center , Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Tomoe Higuchi
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center , Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jaryse C Harris
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center , Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Vibha Jha
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, The University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Phyllis A Gimotty
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sarah F Adams
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Ovarian Cancer Research Center, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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223
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Liu L, Hu Z, Zhang H, Hou Y, Zhang Z, Zhou G, Li B. Vitamin D postpones the progression of epithelial ovarian cancer induced by 7, 12-dimethylbenz [a] anthracene both in vitro and in vivo. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:2365-75. [PMID: 27143932 PMCID: PMC4846061 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s100581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Ovarian cancer is the most lethal malignancy of the female reproductive system, and the prevention and treatment of ovarian carcinoma are still far from optimal. Epidemiological studies reported that ovarian cancer risk was inversely associated with low level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)]. Therefore, this study focuses on exploring the chemoprevention of vitamin D on epithelial ovarian cancer induced by 7, 12-dimethylbenz [a] anthracene (DMBA). Methods The mouse ovarian surface epithelial cells were isolated from estrus mice by mild trypsinization and maintained in completed culture medium by repeated passaging. The malignant transformation of mouse ovarian surface epithelial cells was induced by DMBA in vitro. DMBA was directly injected into the bursa of mouse ovary to produce optimized in vivo ovarian cancer model. Results The results indicate that 1α,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 may delay malignant transformation of mouse ovarian surface epithelial cells induced by DMBA and significantly decreased the colony formation rate from 18.4% to 3.2% (P<0.05). There was a negative correlation between incidence of DMBA-induced tumor and 25-hydroxy vitamin D level (R2=0.978, P<0.05). Vitamin D3 can delay the progression of ovarian cancer induced by DMBA, and the administration of vitamin D3 during the whole process worked more effectively than the administration only during tumor initiation or promotion. Moreover, we found the vitamin D3 increased the expression of E-cadherin and vitamin D receptor while it decreased the expression of β-catenin. Conclusion We succeeded in establishment of epithelial ovarian cancer models both in vitro and in vivo. The DMBA-implanted model in mice yields high incidence and specificity of epithelial derived tumors. We also found that vitamin D delays the progression of ovarian cancer. However, spontaneous epithelial ovarian carcinoma models are still to be explored for testing the preventive effects of vitamin D on epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Liu
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Hu
- Department of Chronic Disease Management, Lishui Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lishui, People's Republic of China
| | - Hemei Zhang
- Department of Chronic Disease Management, Wenzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongfeng Hou
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengli Zhang
- Department of Labor Hygiene and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangming Zhou
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingyan Li
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China; School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
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224
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Wang D, Wang M, Jiang N, Zhang Y, Bian X, Wang X, Roberts TM, Zhao JJ, Liu P, Cheng H. Effective use of PI3K inhibitor BKM120 and PARP inhibitor Olaparib to treat PIK3CA mutant ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:13153-66. [PMID: 26909613 PMCID: PMC4914348 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent preclinical studies revealed the efficacy of combined use of PI3K inhibitor BKM120 and PARP inhibitor Olaparib in breast and prostate cancers. The current study investigated the effect of such drug combination on ovarian cancer. Here we showed that combined inhibition of PI3K and PARP effectively synergized to inhibit proliferation, survival and invasion in the majority of ovarian cancer cell lines harboring PIK3CA mutations, including SKOV3, HEYA8, and IGROV1. Mechanistically, combined treatment of PARP and PI3K inhibitors resulted in an exacerbated DNA damage response and more substantially reduced AKT/mTOR signaling when compared to single-agent. Notably, ovarian cancer cells responsive to the PI3K/PARP combination displayed decreased BRCA1/2 expression upon drug treatment. Furthermore, the effect of the drug combination was corroborated in an intraperitoneal dissemination xenograft mouse model in which SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells responded with significantly decreased BRCA1 expression, suppressed PI3K/AKT signaling and reduced tumor burden. Collectively, our data suggested that combined inhibition of PI3K and PARP may be an effective therapeutic strategy for ovarian cancers with PIK3CA mutations and that the accompanied BRCA downregulation following PI3K inhibition could serve as a biomarker for the effective response to PARP inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Cancer Institute, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical College, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Min Wang
- Cancer Institute, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Cancer Institute, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Cancer Institute, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xing Bian
- Cancer Institute, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Cancer Institute, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Thomas M. Roberts
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jean J. Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pixu Liu
- Cancer Institute, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Hailing Cheng
- Cancer Institute, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
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225
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Allegrezza MJ, Rutkowski MR, Stephen TL, Svoronos N, Tesone AJ, Perales-Puchalt A, Nguyen JM, Sarmin F, Sheen MR, Jeng EK, Tchou J, Wong HC, Fiering SN, Conejo-Garcia JR. IL15 Agonists Overcome the Immunosuppressive Effects of MEK Inhibitors. Cancer Res 2016; 76:2561-72. [PMID: 26980764 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many signal transduction inhibitors are being developed for cancer therapy target pathways that are also important for the proper function of antitumor lymphocytes, possibly weakening their therapeutic effects. Here we show that most inhibitors targeting multiple signaling pathways have especially strong negative effects on T-cell activation at their active doses on cancer cells. In particular, we found that recently approved MEK inhibitors displayed potent suppressive effects on T cells in vitro However, these effects could be attenuated by certain cytokines that can be administered to cancer patients. Among them, clinically available IL15 superagonists, which can activate PI3K selectively in T lymphocytes, synergized with MEK inhibitors in vivo to elicit potent and durable antitumor responses, including by a vaccine-like effect that generated resistance to tumor rechallenge. Our work identifies a clinically actionable approach to overcome the T-cell-suppressive effects of MEK inhibitors and illustrates how to reconcile the deficiencies of signal transduction inhibitors, which impede desired immunologic effects in vivo Cancer Res; 76(9); 2561-72. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Allegrezza
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Melanie R Rutkowski
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tom L Stephen
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nikolaos Svoronos
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Amelia J Tesone
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Jenny M Nguyen
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Fahmida Sarmin
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mee R Sheen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Emily K Jeng
- Research & Development, Altor BioScience Corporation, Miramar, Florida
| | - Julia Tchou
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Rena Rowan Breast Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hing C Wong
- Research & Development, Altor BioScience Corporation, Miramar, Florida
| | - Steven N Fiering
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Jose R Conejo-Garcia
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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226
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Wang D, Wang M, Jiang N, Zhang Y, Bian X, Wang X, Roberts TM, Zhao JJ, Liu P, Cheng H. Effective use of PI3K inhibitor BKM120 and PARP inhibitor Olaparib to treat PIK3CA mutant ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2016. [PMID: 26909613 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7549] [] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent preclinical studies revealed the efficacy of combined use of PI3K inhibitor BKM120 and PARP inhibitor Olaparib in breast and prostate cancers. The current study investigated the effect of such drug combination on ovarian cancer. Here we showed that combined inhibition of PI3K and PARP effectively synergized to inhibit proliferation, survival and invasion in the majority of ovarian cancer cell lines harboring PIK3CA mutations, including SKOV3, HEYA8, and IGROV1. Mechanistically, combined treatment of PARP and PI3K inhibitors resulted in an exacerbated DNA damage response and more substantially reduced AKT/mTOR signaling when compared to single-agent. Notably, ovarian cancer cells responsive to the PI3K/PARP combination displayed decreased BRCA1/2 expression upon drug treatment. Furthermore, the effect of the drug combination was corroborated in an intraperitoneal dissemination xenograft mouse model in which SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells responded with significantly decreased BRCA1 expression, suppressed PI3K/AKT signaling and reduced tumor burden. Collectively, our data suggested that combined inhibition of PI3K and PARP may be an effective therapeutic strategy for ovarian cancers with PIK3CA mutations and that the accompanied BRCA downregulation following PI3K inhibition could serve as a biomarker for the effective response to PARP inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Cancer Institute, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical College, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Min Wang
- Cancer Institute, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Cancer Institute, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Cancer Institute, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xing Bian
- Cancer Institute, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Cancer Institute, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Thomas M Roberts
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jean J Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pixu Liu
- Cancer Institute, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Hailing Cheng
- Cancer Institute, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
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227
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Zhang L, Ma T, Brozick J, Babalola K, Budiu R, Tseng G, Vlad AM. Effects of Kras activation and Pten deletion alone or in combination on MUC1 biology and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in ovarian cancer. Oncogene 2016; 35:5010-20. [PMID: 26973247 PMCID: PMC5023457 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Mucin1 (MUC1) is an epithelial glycoprotein overexpressed in ovarian cancer and actively involved in tumor cell migration and metastasis. Using novel in vitro and in vivo MUC1-expressing conditional (Cre-loxP) ovarian tumor models, we focus here on MUC1 biology and the roles of Kras activation and Pten deletion during cell transformation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We generated several novel murine ovarian cancer cell lines derived from the ovarian surface epithelia (OSE) of mice with conditional mutations in Kras, Pten or both. In addition, we also generated several tumor-derived new cell lines that reproduce the original tumor phenotype in vivo and mirror late stage metastatic disease. Our results demonstrate that de novo activation of oncogenic Kras does not trigger increased proliferation, cellular transformation or EMT and prevents MUC1 upregulation. In contrast, Pten deletion accelerates cell proliferation, triggers cellular transformation in vitro and in vivo and stimulates MUC1 expression. Ovarian tumor-derived cell lines MKP-Liver and MKP-Lung cells reproduce in vivo EMT and represent the first immune competent mouse model for distant hematogenous spread. Whole genome microarray expression analysis using tumor and OSE-derived cell lines reveals a 121 gene signature associated with EMT and metastasis. When applied to n=542 cases from the ovarian cancer TCGA dataset, the gene signature identifies a patient subset with decreased survival (p=0.04). Using an extensive collection of novel murine cell lines we have identified distinct roles for Kras and Pten on MUC1 and EMT in vivo and in vitro. The data has implications for future design of combination therapies targeting Kras mutations, Pten deletions and MUC1 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - T Ma
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - J Brozick
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - K Babalola
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - R Budiu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - G Tseng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - A M Vlad
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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228
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Du F, Li Y, Zhang W, Kale SP, McFerrin H, Davenport I, Wang G, Skripnikova E, Li XL, Bowen NJ, McDaniels LB, Meng YX, Polk P, Liu YY, Zhang QJ. Highly and moderately aggressive mouse ovarian cancer cell lines exhibit differential gene expression. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:11147-11162. [PMID: 26935058 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4518-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer often experience disease recurrence after standard therapies, a critical factor in determining their five-year survival rate. Recent reports indicated that long-term or short-term survival is associated with varied gene expression of cancer cells. Thus, identification of novel prognostic biomarkers should be considered. Since the mouse genome is similar to the human genome, we explored potential prognostic biomarkers using two groups of mouse ovarian cancer cell lines (group 1: IG-10, IG-10pw, and IG-10pw/agar; group 2: IG-10 clones 2, 3, and 11) which display highly and moderately aggressive phenotypes in vivo. Mice injected with these cell lines have different survival time and rates, capacities of tumor, and ascites formations, reflecting different prognostic potentials. Using an Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array, a total of 181 genes were differentially expressed (P < 0.01) by at least twofold between two groups of the cell lines. Of the 181 genes, 109 and 72 genes were overexpressed in highly and moderately aggressive cell lines, respectively. Analysis of the 109 and 72 genes using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) tool revealed two cancer-related gene networks. One was associated with the highly aggressive cell lines and affiliated with MYC gene, and another was associated with the moderately aggressive cell lines and affiliated with the androgen receptor (AR). Finally, the gene enrichment analysis indicated that the overexpressed 89 genes (out of 109 genes) in highly aggressive cell lines had a function annotation in the David database. The cancer-relevant significant gene ontology (GO) terms included Cell cycle, DNA metabolic process, and Programmed cell death. None of the genes from a set of the 72 genes overexpressed in the moderately aggressive cell lines had a function annotation in the David database. Our results suggested that the overexpressed MYC and 109 gene set represented highly aggressive ovarian cancer potential biomarkers while overexpressed AR and 72 gene set represented moderately aggressive ovarian cancer potential biomarkers. Based on our knowledge, the current study is first time to report the potential biomarkers relevant to different aggressive ovarian cancer. These potential biomarkers provide important information for investigating human ovarian cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengkun Du
- Department of Biology, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Biology, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA.,College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002, China
| | - Wensheng Zhang
- Department of Biology, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Shubha P Kale
- Department of Biology, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Harris McFerrin
- Department of Biology, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Ian Davenport
- Department of Biology, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Guangdi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Elena Skripnikova
- Department of Biology, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Xiao-Lin Li
- Department of Biology, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Nathan J Bowen
- Department of Biology Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, 23 James P. Brawley Drive, SW, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
| | - Leticia B McDaniels
- Department of Biology, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Yuan-Xiang Meng
- Department of Family Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, 1513 E. Cleveland Ave. Building 100, East Point, GA 30344, USA
| | - Paula Polk
- Research Core Facility, LSUHSC Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, 1501 Kings Hwy, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Yong-Yu Liu
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 700 University Avenue, Monroe, LA 71209, USA
| | - Qian-Jin Zhang
- Department of Biology, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
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229
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Khan ANH, Kolomeyevskaya N, Singel KL, Grimm MJ, Moysich KB, Daudi S, Grzankowski KS, Lele S, Ylagan L, Webster GA, Abrams SI, Odunsi K, Segal BH. Targeting myeloid cells in the tumor microenvironment enhances vaccine efficacy in murine epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:11310-26. [PMID: 25888637 PMCID: PMC4484458 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is typically diagnosed at advanced stages, and is associated with a high relapse rate. Patients in remission are ideal candidates for immunotherapy aimed at cure or prolonging disease-free periods. However, immunosuppressive pathways in the tumor microenvironment are obstacles to durable anti-tumor immunity. In a metastatic syngeneic mouse model of EOC, immunosuppressive macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) accumulate in the local tumor environment. In addition, resident peritoneal macrophages from non-tumor-bearing mice were highly immunosuppressive, abrogating stimulated T cell proliferation in a cell contact-dependent manner. Immunization with microparticles containing TLR9 and NOD-2 ligands (MIS416) significantly prolonged survival in tumor-bearing mice. The strategy of MIS416 immunization followed by anti-CD11b administration further delayed tumor progression, thereby establishing the proof of principle that myeloid depletion can enhance vaccine efficacy. In patients with advanced EOC, ascites analysis showed substantial heterogeneity in the relative proportions of myeloid subsets and their immunosuppressive properties. Together, these findings point to immunosuppressive myeloid cells in the EOC microenvironment as targets to enhance vaccination. Further studies of myeloid cell accumulation and functional phenotypes in the EOC microenvironment may identify patients who are likely to benefit from vaccination combined with approaches that deplete tumor-associated myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anm Nazmul H Khan
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Nonna Kolomeyevskaya
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kelly L Singel
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Melissa J Grimm
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kirsten B Moysich
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Sayeema Daudi
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Sashikant Lele
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Lourdes Ylagan
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Scott I Abrams
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Brahm H Segal
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo School of Medicine, Buffalo, NY, USA
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230
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Huang YH, Peng W, Furuuchi N, Gerhart J, Rhodes K, Mukherjee N, Jimbo M, Gonye GE, Brody JR, Getts RC, Sawicki JA. Delivery of Therapeutics Targeting the mRNA-Binding Protein HuR Using 3DNA Nanocarriers Suppresses Ovarian Tumor Growth. Cancer Res 2016; 76:1549-59. [PMID: 26921342 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence shows that cancer cells use mRNA-binding proteins and miRNAs to posttranscriptionally regulate signaling pathways to adapt to harsh tumor microenvironments. In ovarian cancer, cytoplasmic accumulation of mRNA-binding protein HuR (ELAVL1) is associated with poor prognosis. In this study, we observed high HuR expression in ovarian cancer cells compared with ovarian primary cells, providing a rationale for targeting HuR. RNAi-mediated silencing of HuR in ovarian cancer cells significantly decreased cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth, and impaired migration and invasion. In addition, HuR-depleted human ovarian xenografts were smaller than control tumors. A biodistribution study showed effective tumor-targeting by a novel Cy3-labeled folic acid (FA)-derivatized DNA dendrimer nanocarrier (3DNA). We combined siRNAs against HuR with FA-3DNA and found that systemic administration of the resultant FA-3DNA-siHuR conjugates to ovarian tumor-bearing mice suppressed tumor growth and ascites development, significantly prolonging lifespan. NanoString gene expression analysis identified multiple HuR-regulated genes that function in many essential cellular and molecular pathways, an attractive feature of candidate therapeutic targets. Taken together, these results are the first to demonstrate the versatility of the 3DNA nanocarrier for in vivo-targeted delivery of a cancer therapeutic and support further preclinical investigation of this system adapted to siHuR-targeted therapy for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hung Huang
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Weidan Peng
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania
| | - Narumi Furuuchi
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Neelanjan Mukherjee
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Masaya Jimbo
- Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Jonathan R Brody
- Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Janet A Sawicki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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231
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Satb1 Overexpression Drives Tumor-Promoting Activities in Cancer-Associated Dendritic Cells. Cell Rep 2016; 14:1774-1786. [PMID: 26876172 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 1 (Satb1) governs genome-wide transcriptional programs. Using a conditional knockout mouse, we find that Satb1 is required for normal differentiation of conventional dendritic cells (DCs). Furthermore, Satb1 governs the differentiation of inflammatory DCs by regulating major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) expression through Notch1 signaling. Mechanistically, Satb1 binds to the Notch1 promoter, activating Notch expression and driving RBPJ occupancy of the H2-Ab1 promoter, which activates MHC II transcription. However, tumor-driven, unremitting expression of Satb1 in activated Zbtb46(+) inflammatory DCs that infiltrate ovarian tumors results in an immunosuppressive phenotype characterized by increased secretion of tumor-promoting Galectin-1 and IL-6. In vivo silencing of Satb1 in tumor-associated DCs reverses their tumorigenic activity and boosts protective immunity. Therefore, dynamic fluctuations in Satb1 expression govern the generation and immunostimulatory activity of steady-state and inflammatory DCs, but continuous Satb1 overexpression in differentiated DCs converts them into tolerogenic/pro-inflammatory cells that contribute to malignant progression.
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232
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The Lipidomic Analyses in Low and Highly Aggressive Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines. Lipids 2015; 51:179-87. [PMID: 26661829 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4108-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite huge advances in the research of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), it remains the most lethal gynecological malignancy. Peritoneal tumor cell dissemination with cell survival and drug-resistance to taxane and platinum-based chemotherapy are two of the major challenges of EOC treatment. We have generated highly aggressive EOC cell lines (ID8-P1 lines or P1) from ID8-P0 (without in vivo passage, or P0) through in vivo passage in mice. We conducted lipidomic analyses in cells from ID8-P0 versus three ID8-P1 cell lines using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 16 classes of lipids (149 individual lipids) were analyzed and compared between P0 and P1 cells. In addition to overall lipid profiles in EOC cells, we had several novel observations. Several classes and species of lipids have been identified to be differentially present in P0 versus P1 cells, which are potentially involved in the acquired aggressiveness of P1 cells. Triacylglycerols (TAG) were dramatically increased under detachment stress in EOC cells. Since survival of EOC cells under detachment is one of the major obstacles for EOC treatment, further studies identifying the molecular mechanisms controlling TAG increase may lead to new treatment modalities for EOC.
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233
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Liu Y, Metzinger MN, Lewellen KA, Cripps SN, Carey KD, Harper EI, Shi Z, Tarwater L, Grisoli A, Lee E, Slusarz A, Yang J, Loughran EA, Conley K, Johnson JJ, Klymenko Y, Bruney L, Liang Z, Dovichi NJ, Cheatham B, Leevy WM, Stack MS. Obesity Contributes to Ovarian Cancer Metastatic Success through Increased Lipogenesis, Enhanced Vascularity, and Decreased Infiltration of M1 Macrophages. Cancer Res 2015; 75:5046-57. [PMID: 26573796 PMCID: PMC4668203 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-0706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancy, with high mortality attributable to widespread intraperitoneal metastases. Recent meta-analyses report an association between obesity, ovarian cancer incidence, and ovarian cancer survival, but the effect of obesity on metastasis has not been evaluated. The objective of this study was to use an integrative approach combining in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies to test the hypothesis that obesity contributes to ovarian cancer metastatic success. Initial in vitro studies using three-dimensional mesomimetic cultures showed enhanced cell-cell adhesion to the lipid-loaded mesothelium. Furthermore, in an ex vivo colonization assay, ovarian cancer cells exhibited increased adhesion to mesothelial explants excised from mice modeling diet-induced obesity (DIO), in which they were fed a "Western" diet. Examination of mesothelial ultrastructure revealed a substantial increase in the density of microvilli in DIO mice. Moreover, enhanced intraperitoneal tumor burden was observed in overweight or obese animals in three distinct in vivo models. Further histologic analyses suggested that alterations in lipid regulatory factors, enhanced vascularity, and decreased M1/M2 macrophage ratios may account for the enhanced tumorigenicity. Together, these findings show that obesity potently affects ovarian cancer metastatic success, which likely contributes to the negative correlation between obesity and ovarian cancer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueying Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana. Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Matthew N Metzinger
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Kyle A Lewellen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana. Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Stephanie N Cripps
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Kyle D Carey
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | | | - Zonggao Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana. Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Laura Tarwater
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Annie Grisoli
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Eric Lee
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Ania Slusarz
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri. Department of Medical Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana. Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Elizabeth A Loughran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana. Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Kaitlyn Conley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana. Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Jeff J Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana. Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Yuliya Klymenko
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Lana Bruney
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana. Department of Medical Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Zhong Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana. Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Norman J Dovichi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana. Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | | | - W Matthew Leevy
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - M Sharon Stack
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana. Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana.
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234
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Gharwan H, Bunch KP, Annunziata CM. The role of reproductive hormones in epithelial ovarian carcinogenesis. Endocr Relat Cancer 2015; 22:R339-63. [PMID: 26373571 DOI: 10.1530/erc-14-0550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer comprises ∼85% of all ovarian cancer cases. Despite acceptance regarding the influence of reproductive hormones on ovarian cancer risk and considerable advances in the understanding of epithelial ovarian carcinogenesis on a molecular level, complete understanding of the biologic processes underlying malignant transformation of ovarian surface epithelium is lacking. Various hypotheses have been proposed over the past several decades to explain the etiology of the disease. The role of reproductive hormones in epithelial ovarian carcinogenesis remains a key topic of research. Primary questions in the field of ovarian cancer biology center on its developmental cell of origin, the positive and negative effects of each class of hormones on ovarian cancer initiation and progression, and the role of the immune system in the ovarian cancer microenvironment. The development of the female reproductive tract is dictated by the hormonal milieu during embryogenesis. Intensive research efforts have revealed that ovarian cancer is a heterogenous disease that may develop from multiple extra-ovarian tissues, including both Müllerian (fallopian tubes, endometrium) and non-Müllerian structures (gastrointestinal tissue), contributing to its heterogeneity and distinct histologic subtypes. The mechanism underlying ovarian localization, however, remains unclear. Here, we discuss the role of reproductive hormones in influencing the immune system and tipping the balance against or in favor of developing ovarian cancer. We comment on animal models that are critical for experimentally validating existing hypotheses in key areas of endocrine research and useful for preclinical drug development. Finally, we address emerging therapeutic trends directed against ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Gharwan
- National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, 12N226, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1906, USAWomen's Malignancies BranchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland, USADepartment of Gynecologic OncologyWalter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristen P Bunch
- National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, 12N226, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1906, USAWomen's Malignancies BranchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland, USADepartment of Gynecologic OncologyWalter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, 12N226, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1906, USAWomen's Malignancies BranchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland, USADepartment of Gynecologic OncologyWalter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christina M Annunziata
- National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, 12N226, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1906, USAWomen's Malignancies BranchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland, USADepartment of Gynecologic OncologyWalter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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235
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Karyampudi L, Lamichhane P, Krempski J, Kalli KR, Behrens MD, Vargas DM, Hartmann LC, Janco JMT, Dong H, Hedin KE, Dietz AB, Goode EL, Knutson KL. PD-1 Blunts the Function of Ovarian Tumor-Infiltrating Dendritic Cells by Inactivating NF-κB. Cancer Res 2015; 76:239-50. [PMID: 26567141 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-0748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The PD-1:PD-L1 immune signaling axis mediates suppression of T-cell-dependent tumor immunity. PD-1 expression was recently found to be upregulated on tumor-infiltrating murine (CD11c(+)CD11b(+)CD8(-)CD209a(+)) and human (CD1c(+)CD19(-)) myeloid dendritic cells (TIDC), an innate immune cell type also implicated in immune escape. However, there is little knowledge concerning how PD-1 regulates innate immune cells. In this study, we examined the role of PD-1 in TIDCs derived from mice bearing ovarian tumors. Similar to lymphocytes, TIDC expression of PD-1 was associated with expression of the adapter protein SHP-2, which signals to NF-κB; however, in contrast to its role in lymphocytes, we found that expression of PD-1 in TIDC tonically paralyzed NF-κB activation. Further mechanistic investigations showed that PD-1 blocked NF-κB-dependent cytokine release in a SHP-2-dependent manner. Conversely, inhibition of NF-κB-mediated antigen presentation by PD-1 occurred independently of SHP-2. Collectively, our findings revealed that PD-1 acts in a distinct manner in innate immune cells compared with adaptive immune cells, prompting further investigations of the signaling pathways controlled by this central mediator of immune escape in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Purushottam Lamichhane
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Port St. Lucie, Florida. Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - James Krempski
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | | | - Doris M Vargas
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Jo Marie T Janco
- Department of Gynecologic Surgery Mayo Clinic, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Haidong Dong
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Karen E Hedin
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Allan B Dietz
- Human Cell Therapy Lab, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ellen L Goode
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Keith L Knutson
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Port St. Lucie, Florida. Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
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236
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Regulation of Murine Ovarian Epithelial Carcinoma by Vaccination against the Cytoplasmic Domain of Anti-Müllerian Hormone Receptor II. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:630287. [PMID: 26618181 PMCID: PMC4651663 DOI: 10.1155/2015/630287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-Müllerian hormone receptor, type II (AMHR2), is a differentiation protein expressed in 90% of primary epithelial ovarian carcinomas (EOCs), the most deadly gynecologic malignancy. We propose that AMHR2 may serve as a useful target for vaccination against EOC. To this end, we generated the recombinant 399-amino acid cytoplasmic domain of mouse AMHR2 (AMHR2-CD) and tested its efficacy as a vaccine target in inhibiting growth of the ID8 transplantable EOC cell line in C57BL/6 mice and in preventing growth of autochthonous EOCs that occur spontaneously in transgenic mice. We found that AMHR2-CD immunization of C57BL/6 females induced a prominent antigen-specific proinflammatory CD4+ T cell response that resulted in a mild transient autoimmune oophoritis that resolved rapidly with no detectable lingering adverse effects on ovarian function. AMHR2-CD vaccination significantly inhibited ID8 tumor growth when administered either prophylactically or therapeutically, and protection against EOC growth was passively transferred into naive recipients with AMHR2-CD-primed CD4+ T cells but not with primed B cells. In addition, prophylactic AMHR2-CD vaccination of TgMISIIR-TAg transgenic mice significantly inhibited growth of autochthonous EOCs and provided a 41.7% increase in mean overall survival. We conclude that AMHR2-CD vaccination provides effective immunotherapy of EOC with relatively benign autoimmune complications.
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237
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Peng D, Kryczek I, Nagarsheth N, Zhao L, Wei S, Wang W, Sun Y, Zhao E, Vatan L, Szeliga W, Kotarski J, Tarkowski R, Dou Y, Cho K, Hensley-Alford S, Munkarah A, Liu R, Zou W. Epigenetic silencing of TH1-type chemokines shapes tumour immunity and immunotherapy. Nature 2015; 527:249-53. [PMID: 26503055 PMCID: PMC4779053 DOI: 10.1038/nature15520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 848] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic silencing including histone modifications and DNA methylation is an important tumorigenic mechanism1 However, its role in cancer immunopathology and immunotherapy is poorly understood. Using ovarian cancers as our model, we found that enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2)-mediated histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) and DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) 1-mediated DNA methylation repress the tumor production of Th1-type chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10, and subsequently determine effector T cell trafficking to the tumor microenvironment. Treatment with epigenetic modulators removes the repression and increases effector T cell tumor infiltration, slows down tumor progression, and improves therapeutic efficacy of PD-L1 (B7-H1) checkpoint blockade2–4 and adoptive T cell transfusion5 in tumor bearing mice. Moreover, tumor EZH2 and DNMT1 are negatively associated with tumor infiltrating CD8+ T cells and patient outcome. Thus, epigenetic silencing of Th1-type chemokine is a novel tumor immune evasion mechanism. Selective epigenetic reprogramming alters T cell landscape6 in cancer and may enhance clinical efficacy of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjun Peng
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Ilona Kryczek
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Nisha Nagarsheth
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Lili Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Shuang Wei
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Weimin Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Yuqing Sun
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Ende Zhao
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Linda Vatan
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Wojciech Szeliga
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Jan Kotarski
- The First Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Gynecology, Medical University in Lublin, Lublin 20-081, Poland
| | - Rafał Tarkowski
- The First Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Gynecology, Medical University in Lublin, Lublin 20-081, Poland
| | - Yali Dou
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Kathleen Cho
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,The University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Sharon Hensley-Alford
- Department of Women's Health Services, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Adnan Munkarah
- Department of Women's Health Services, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Rebecca Liu
- The University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Weiping Zou
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,The University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Graduate Program in Tumor Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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238
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Moughon DL, He H, Schokrpur S, Jiang ZK, Yaqoob M, David J, Lin C, Iruela-Arispe ML, Dorigo O, Wu L. Macrophage Blockade Using CSF1R Inhibitors Reverses the Vascular Leakage Underlying Malignant Ascites in Late-Stage Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Res 2015; 75:4742-52. [PMID: 26471360 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Malignant ascites is a common complication in the late stages of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) that greatly diminishes the quality of life of patients. Malignant ascites is a known consequence of vascular dysfunction, but current approved treatments are not effective in preventing fluid accumulation. In this study, we investigated an alternative strategy of targeting macrophage functions to reverse the vascular pathology of malignant ascites using fluid from human patients and an immunocompetent murine model (ID8) of EOC that mirrors human disease by developing progressive vascular disorganization and leakiness culminating in massive ascites. We demonstrate that the macrophage content in ascites fluid from human patients and the ID8 model directly correlates with vascular permeability. To further substantiate macrophages' role in the pathogenesis of malignant ascites, we blocked macrophage function in ID8 mice using a colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor kinase inhibitor (GW2580). Administration of GW2580 in the late stages of disease resulted in reduced infiltration of protumorigenic (M2) macrophages and dramatically decreased ascites volume. Moreover, the disorganized peritoneal vasculature became normalized and sera from GW2580-treated ascites protected against endothelial permeability. Therefore, our findings suggest that macrophage-targeted treatment may be a promising strategy toward a safe and effective means to control malignant ascites of EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana L Moughon
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Huanhuan He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Shiruyeh Schokrpur
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ziyue Karen Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Madeeha Yaqoob
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John David
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, California Nanosystems Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Crystal Lin
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - M Luisa Iruela-Arispe
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Los Angeles, California. Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Oliver Dorigo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Lily Wu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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239
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Gruosso T, Garnier C, Abelanet S, Kieffer Y, Lemesre V, Bellanger D, Bieche I, Marangoni E, Sastre-Garau X, Mieulet V, Mechta-Grigoriou F. MAP3K8/TPL-2/COT is a potential predictive marker for MEK inhibitor treatment in high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8583. [PMID: 26456302 PMCID: PMC4633961 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a silent disease with a poor prognosis that urgently requires new therapeutic strategies. In low-grade ovarian tumours, mutations in the MAP3K BRAF gene constitutively activate the downstream kinase MEK. Here we demonstrate that an additional MAP3K, MAP3K8 (TPL-2/COT), accumulates in high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSCs) and is a potential prognostic marker for these tumours. By combining analyses on HGSC patient cohorts, ovarian cancer cells and patient-derived xenografts, we demonstrate that MAP3K8 controls cancer cell proliferation and migration by regulating key players in G1/S transition and adhesion dynamics. In addition, we show that the MEK pathway is the main pathway involved in mediating MAP3K8 function, and that MAP3K8 exhibits a reliable predictive value for the effectiveness of MEK inhibitor treatment. Our data highlight key roles for MAP3K8 in HGSC and indicate that MEK inhibitors could be a useful treatment strategy, in combination with conventional chemotherapy, for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Gruosso
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France.,Inserm, Genetics and Biology of Cancers, U830, Paris F-75248, France
| | - Camille Garnier
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France.,Inserm, Genetics and Biology of Cancers, U830, Paris F-75248, France
| | - Sophie Abelanet
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France.,Inserm, Genetics and Biology of Cancers, U830, Paris F-75248, France
| | - Yann Kieffer
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France.,Inserm, Genetics and Biology of Cancers, U830, Paris F-75248, France
| | - Vincent Lemesre
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France.,Inserm, Genetics and Biology of Cancers, U830, Paris F-75248, France
| | - Dorine Bellanger
- Inserm, Genetics and Biology of Cancers, U830, Paris F-75248, France.,Genomics and Biology of the Hereditary Breast Cancers, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France
| | - Ivan Bieche
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France
| | - Elisabetta Marangoni
- Translational Research Department, Laboratory of Precinical Investigation, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France
| | | | - Virginie Mieulet
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France.,Inserm, Genetics and Biology of Cancers, U830, Paris F-75248, France
| | - Fatima Mechta-Grigoriou
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France.,Inserm, Genetics and Biology of Cancers, U830, Paris F-75248, France
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240
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Mony JT, Zhang L, Ma T, Grabosch S, Tirodkar TS, Brozick J, Tseng G, Elishaev E, Edwards RP, Huang X, Vlad AM. Anti-PD-L1 prolongs survival and triggers T cell but not humoral anti-tumor immune responses in a human MUC1-expressing preclinical ovarian cancer model. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2015; 64:1095-108. [PMID: 25998800 PMCID: PMC4545381 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-015-1712-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies that block inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules and enhance anti-tumor responses show clinical promise in advanced solid tumors. Most of the preliminary evidence on therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint blockers comes from studies in melanoma, lung and renal cancer. To test the in vivo potential of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade in ovarian cancer, we recently generated a new transplantable tumor model using human mucin 1 (MUC1)-expressing 2F8 cells. The MUC1 transgenic (MUC1.Tg) mice develop large number of intraperitoneal (IP) tumors following IP injection of 8 × 10(5) syngeneic 2F8 cells. The tumors are aggressive and display little T cell infiltration. Anti-PD-L1 antibody was administered IP every 2 weeks (200 μg/dose) for a total of three doses. Treatment was started 21 days post-tumor challenge, a time point which corresponds to late tumor stage. The anti-PD-L1 treatment led to substantial T cell infiltration within the tumor and significantly increased survival (p = 0.001) compared to isotype control-treated mice. When the same therapy was administered to wild-type mice challenged with 2F8 tumors, no survival benefit was observed, despite the presence of high titer anti-MUC1 antibodies. However, earlier treatment (day 11) and higher frequency of IP injections restored the T cell responses and led to prolonged survival. Splenocyte profiling via Nanostring using probes for 511 immune genes revealed a treatment-induced immune gene signature consistent with increased T cell-mediated immunity. These findings strongly support further preclinical and clinical strategies exploring PD-L1 blockade in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyothi Thyagabhavan Mony
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 204 Craft Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
- Magee-Womens Research Institute B403, 204 Craft Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 204 Craft Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
- Magee-Womens Research Institute B403, 204 Craft Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Tianzhou Ma
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, 15213 PA USA
| | - Shannon Grabosch
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 204 Craft Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
- Magee-Womens Research Institute B403, 204 Craft Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Tejas S. Tirodkar
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 204 Craft Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
- Magee-Womens Research Institute B403, 204 Craft Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Joan Brozick
- Magee-Womens Research Institute B403, 204 Craft Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - George Tseng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, 15213 PA USA
| | - Esther Elishaev
- Department of Pathology, Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, 15213 PA USA
| | - Robert P. Edwards
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 204 Craft Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
- Magee-Womens Research Institute B403, 204 Craft Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 204 Craft Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
- Magee-Womens Research Institute B403, 204 Craft Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Anda M. Vlad
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 204 Craft Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
- Magee-Womens Research Institute B403, 204 Craft Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
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241
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Zhang Y, Nowicka A, Solley TN, Wei C, Parikh A, Court L, Burks JK, Andreeff M, Woodward WA, Dadbin A, Kolonin MG, Lu KH, Klopp AH. Stromal Cells Derived from Visceral and Obese Adipose Tissue Promote Growth of Ovarian Cancers. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136361. [PMID: 26317219 PMCID: PMC4552684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, and in particular visceral obesity, has been associated with an increased risk of developing cancers as well as higher rates of mortality following diagnosis. The impact of obesity on adipose-derived stromal cells (ASC), which contribute to the formation of tumor stroma, is unknown. Here we hypothesized that visceral source and diet-induced obesity (DIO) changes the ASC phenotype, contributing to the tumor promoting effects of obesity. We found that ASC isolated from subcutaneous (SC-ASC) and visceral (V-ASC) white adipose tissue(WAT) of lean(Le) and obese(Ob) mice exhibited similar mesenchymal cell surface markers expression, and had comparable effects on ovarian cancer cell proliferation and migration. Obese and visceral derived ASC proliferated slower and exhibited impaired differentiation into adipocytes and osteocytes in vitro as compared to ASC derived from subcutaneous WAT of lean mice. Intraperitoneal co-injection of ovarian cancer cells with obese or visceral derived ASC, but not lean SC-ASC, increased growth of intraperitoneal ID8 tumors as compared to controls. Obese and V-ASC increased stromal infiltration of inflammatory cells, including CD3+ T cells and F4/80+ macrophages. Obese and visceral derived ASC, but not lean SC-ASC, increased expression of chemotactic factors IL-6, MIP-2, and MCP-1 when cultured with tumor cells. Overall, these results demonstrate that obese and V-ASC have a unique phenotype, with more limited proliferation and differentiation capacity but enhanced expression of chemotactic factors in response to malignant cells which support infiltration of inflammatory cells and support tumor growth and dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Aleksandra Nowicka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Travis N. Solley
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Caimiao Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Aaroh Parikh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Laurence Court
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jared K. Burks
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Wendy A. Woodward
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ali Dadbin
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mikhail G. Kolonin
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Karen H. Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ann H. Klopp
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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242
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Bobbs AS, Cole JM, Cowden Dahl KD. Emerging and Evolving Ovarian Cancer Animal Models. CANCER GROWTH AND METASTASIS 2015; 8:29-36. [PMID: 26380555 PMCID: PMC4558890 DOI: 10.4137/cgm.s21221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the leading cause of death from a gynecological malignancy in the United States. By the time a woman is diagnosed with OC, the tumor has usually metastasized. Mouse models that are used to recapitulate different aspects of human OC have been evolving for nearly 40 years. Xenograft studies in immunocompromised and immunocompetent mice have enhanced our knowledge of metastasis and immune cell involvement in cancer. Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) can accurately reflect metastasis, response to therapy, and diverse genetics found in patients. Additionally, multiple genetically engineered mouse models have increased our understanding of possible tissues of origin for OC and what role individual mutations play in establishing ovarian tumors. Many of these models are used to test novel therapeutics. As no single model perfectly copies the human disease, we can use a variety of OC animal models in hypothesis testing that will lead to novel treatment options. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the utility of different mouse models in the study of OC and their suitability for cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Bobbs
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, IN, USA. ; Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Jennifer M Cole
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, IN, USA. ; Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Karen D Cowden Dahl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, IN, USA. ; Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN, USA. ; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA. ; Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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243
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Bernardo ADEM, Thorsteinsdóttir S, Mummery CL. Advantages of the avian model for human ovarian cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2015; 3:1191-1198. [PMID: 26807219 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2015.619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecological cancer. Early detection of OC is crucial for providing efficient treatment, whereas high mortality rates correlate with late detection of OC, when the tumor has already metastasized to other organs. The most prevalent type of OC is epithelial OC (EOC). Models that have been used to study EOC include the fruit fly, mouse and laying hen, in addition to human EOC cells in 3D culture in vitro. These models have helped in the elucidation of the genetic component of this disease and the development of drug therapies. However, the histological origin of EOC and early markers of the disease remain largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to review the relative value of each of the different models in EOC and their contributions to understanding this disease. It was concluded that the spontaneous occurrence of EOC in the adult hen, the prolific ovulation, the similarity of metastatic progression with that in humans and the advantages of using the chicken embryo for modelling the development of the reproductive system, renders the hen particularly suitable for studying the early development of EOC. Further investigation of this avian model may contribute to a better understanding of EOC, improve clinical insight and ultimately contribute to decreasing its mortality rates among humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana DE Melo Bernardo
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sólveig Thorsteinsdóttir
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Change, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
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244
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Endsley MP, Moyle-Heyrman G, Karthikeyan S, Lantvit DD, Davis DA, Wei JJ, Burdette JE. Spontaneous Transformation of Murine Oviductal Epithelial Cells: A Model System to Investigate the Onset of Fallopian-Derived Tumors. Front Oncol 2015; 5:154. [PMID: 26236688 PMCID: PMC4505108 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is the most lethal ovarian cancer histotype. The fallopian tube secretory epithelial cells (FTSECs) are a proposed progenitor cell type. Genetically altered FTSECs form tumors in mice; however, a spontaneous HGSC model has not been described. Apart from a subpopulation of genetically predisposed women, most women develop ovarian cancer spontaneously, which is associated with aging and lifetime ovulations. A murine oviductal cell line (MOE(LOW)) was developed and continuously passaged in culture to mimic cellular aging (MOE(HIGH)). The MOE(HIGH) cellular model exhibited a loss of acetylated tubulin consistent with an outgrowth of secretory epithelial cells in culture. MOE(HIGH) cells proliferated significantly faster than MOE(LOW), and the MOE(HIGH) cells produced more 2D foci and 3D soft agar colonies as compared to MOE(LOW) MOE(HIGH) were xenografted into athymic female nude mice both in the subcutaneous and the intraperitoneal compartments. Only the subcutaneous grafts formed tumors that were negative for cytokeratin, but positive for oviductal markers, such as oviductal glycoprotein 1 and Pax8. These tumors were considered to be poorly differentiated carcinoma. The differential molecular profiles between MOE(HIGH) and MOE(LOW) were determined using RNA-Seq and confirmed by protein expression to uncover pathways important in transformation, like the p53 pathway, the FOXM1 pathway, WNT signaling, and splicing. MOE(HIGH) had enhanced protein expression of c-myc, Cyclin E, p53, and FOXM1 with reduced expression of p21. MOE(HIGH) were also less sensitive to cisplatin and DMBA, which induce lesions typically repaired by base-excision repair. A model of spontaneous tumorogenesis was generated starting with normal oviductal cells. Their transition to cancer involved alterations in pathways associated with high-grade serous cancer in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Endsley
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL , USA
| | - Georgette Moyle-Heyrman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL , USA
| | - Subbulakshmi Karthikeyan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL , USA
| | - Daniel D Lantvit
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL , USA
| | - David A Davis
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL , USA
| | - Jian-Jun Wei
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL , USA
| | - Joanna E Burdette
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL , USA
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245
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Madera L, Greenshields A, Coombs MRP, Hoskin DW. 4T1 Murine Mammary Carcinoma Cells Enhance Macrophage-Mediated Innate Inflammatory Responses. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133385. [PMID: 26177198 PMCID: PMC4503418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor progression and the immune response are intricately linked. While it is known that cancers alter macrophage inflammatory responses to promote tumor progression, little is known regarding how cancers affect macrophage-dependent innate host defense. In this study, murine bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) were exposed to murine carcinoma-conditioned media prior to assessment of the macrophage inflammatory response. BMDMs exposed to 4T1 mammary carcinoma-conditioned medium demonstrated enhanced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-6, and CCL2 in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) while production of interleukin-10 remained unchanged. The increased LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines was transient and correlated with enhanced cytokine production in response to other Toll-like receptor agonists, including peptidoglycan and flagellin. In addition, 4T1-conditioned BMDMs exhibited strengthened LPS-induced nitric oxide production and enhanced phagocytosis of Escherichia coli. 4T1-mediated augmentation of macrophage responses to LPS was partially dependent on the NFκB pathway, macrophage-colony stimulating factor, and actin polymerization, as well as the presence of 4T1-secreted extracellular vesicles. Furthermore, peritoneal macrophages obtained from 4T1 tumor-bearing mice displayed enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine production in response to LPS. These results suggest that uptake of 4T1-secreted factors and actin-mediated ingestion of 4T1-secreted exosomes by macrophages cause a transient enhancement of innate inflammatory responses. Mammary carcinoma-mediated regulation of innate immunity may have significant implications for our understanding of host defense and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Madera
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna Greenshields
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - David W. Hoskin
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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246
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Higuchi T, Flies DB, Marjon NA, Mantia-Smaldone G, Ronner L, Gimotty PA, Adams SF. CTLA-4 Blockade Synergizes Therapeutically with PARP Inhibition in BRCA1-Deficient Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2015; 3:1257-68. [PMID: 26138335 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-15-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade has shown significant therapeutic efficacy in melanoma and other solid tumors, but results in ovarian cancer have been limited. With evidence that tumor immunogenicity modulates the response to checkpoint blockade, and data indicating that BRCA-deficient ovarian cancers express higher levels of immune response genes, we hypothesized that BRCA(-) ovarian tumors would be vulnerable to checkpoint blockade. To test this hypothesis, we used an immunocompetent BRCA1-deficient murine ovarian cancer model to compare treatment with CTLA-4 or PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies alone or combined with targeted cytotoxic therapy using a PARP inhibitor. Correlative studies were performed in vitro using human BRCA1(-) cells. We found that CTLA-4 antibody, but not PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, synergized therapeutically with the PARP inhibitor, resulting in immune-mediated tumor clearance and long-term survival in a majority of animals (P < 0.0001). The survival benefit of this combination was T-cell mediated and dependent on increases in local IFNγ production in the peritoneal tumor environment. Evidence of protective immune memory was observed more than 60 days after completion of therapy. Similar increases in the cytotoxic effect of PARP inhibition in the presence of elevated levels of IFNγ in human BRCA1(-) cancer cells support the translational potential of this treatment protocol. These results demonstrate that CTLA-4 blockade combined with PARP inhibition induces protective antitumor immunity and significant survival benefit in the BRCA1(-) tumor model, and support clinical testing of this regimen to improve outcomes for women with hereditary ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoe Higuchi
- The University of New Mexico Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Dallas B Flies
- The University of New Mexico Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Nicole A Marjon
- The University of New Mexico Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | | | - Lukas Ronner
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Sarah F Adams
- The University of New Mexico Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
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247
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Cubillos-Ruiz JR, Silberman PC, Rutkowski MR, Chopra S, Perales-Puchalt A, Song M, Zhang S, Bettigole SE, Gupta D, Holcomb K, Ellenson LH, Caputo T, Lee AH, Conejo-Garcia JR, Glimcher LH. ER Stress Sensor XBP1 Controls Anti-tumor Immunity by Disrupting Dendritic Cell Homeostasis. Cell 2015; 161:1527-38. [PMID: 26073941 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 612] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are required to initiate and sustain T cell-dependent anti-cancer immunity. However, tumors often evade immune control by crippling normal DC function. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response factor XBP1 promotes intrinsic tumor growth directly, but whether it also regulates the host anti-tumor immune response is not known. Here we show that constitutive activation of XBP1 in tumor-associated DCs (tDCs) drives ovarian cancer (OvCa) progression by blunting anti-tumor immunity. XBP1 activation, fueled by lipid peroxidation byproducts, induced a triglyceride biosynthetic program in tDCs leading to abnormal lipid accumulation and subsequent inhibition of tDC capacity to support anti-tumor T cells. Accordingly, DC-specific XBP1 deletion or selective nanoparticle-mediated XBP1 silencing in tDCs restored their immunostimulatory activity in situ and extended survival by evoking protective type 1 anti-tumor responses. Targeting the ER stress response should concomitantly inhibit tumor growth and enhance anti-cancer immunity, thus offering a unique approach to cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan R Cubillos-Ruiz
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Pedro C Silberman
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Melanie R Rutkowski
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sahil Chopra
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alfredo Perales-Puchalt
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Minkyung Song
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Sarah E Bettigole
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA; Harvard Graduate Program in Immunology, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Divya Gupta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kevin Holcomb
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lora H Ellenson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Thomas Caputo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ann-Hwee Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jose R Conejo-Garcia
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Laurie H Glimcher
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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248
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Ren X, Wu X, Hillier SG, Fegan KS, Critchley HOD, Mason JI, Sarvi S, Harlow CR. Local estrogen metabolism in epithelial ovarian cancer suggests novel targets for therapy. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 150:54-63. [PMID: 25817828 PMCID: PMC4429663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) accounts for about 90% of malignant ovarian tumors, and estrogen is often implicated in disease progression. We therefore compared the potential for gating of estrogen action via pre-receptor metabolism in normal human ovarian surface epithelium (OSE), EOC and selected EOC cell lines (SKOV3 and PEO1). Steroid sulphatase (STS), estrogen sulfotransferase (EST), 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases 2 (17BHSD2) and 5 (17BHSD5) mRNAs, proteins and enzymatic activities were all detectable in primary cell cultures of OSE and EOC, whereas aromatase and 17BHSD1 expression was negligible. qRT-PCR assay on total mRNA revealed significantly higher EST mRNA expression in OSE compared to EOC (P<0.05). Radioenzymatic measurements confirmed reduced sulfoconjugation (neutralization) of free estrogen in EOC relative to OSE. OSE cells were more effective at converting free [(3)H]-E1 to [(3)H]-E1S or [(3)H]-E2S, while EOC cell lines mainly converted [(3)H]-E1 to [(3)H]-E2 with minimal formation of [(3)H]-E1S or [(3)H]-E2S. IL1α treatment suppressed EST (P<0.01) and 17BHSD2 (P<0.001) mRNA levels in OSE and stimulated STS mRNA levels (P<0.001) in cancer (SKOV3) cells. These results show that estrogen is differentially metabolized in OSE and EOC cells, with E2 'activation' from conjugated estrogen predominating in EOC. Inflammatory cytokines may further augment the local production of E2 by stimulating STS and suppressing EST. We conclude that local estrogen metabolism may be a target for EOC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Ren
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Xuan Wu
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen G Hillier
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - K Scott Fegan
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Hilary O D Critchley
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - J Ian Mason
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Sana Sarvi
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher R Harlow
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom.
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Liao JB, Ovenell KJ, Curtis EEM, Cecil DL, Koehnlein MR, Rastetter LR, Gad EA, Disis ML. Preservation of tumor-host immune interactions with luciferase-tagged imaging in a murine model of ovarian cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2015; 3:16. [PMID: 25992288 PMCID: PMC4437454 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-015-0060-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is immunogenic and residual tumor volume after surgery is known to be prognostic. Ovarian cancer often follows a recurring-remitting course and microscopic disease states may present ideal opportunities for immune therapies. We sought to establish the immune profile of a murine model of ovarian cancer that allows in vivo tumor imaging and the quantitation of microscopic disease. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Baseline imaging and weight measurements were taken within 1 and 2 weeks after intraperitoneal tumor injection, respectively. Significantly higher photons per second from baseline imaging were first observed 5 weeks after tumor cell injection (p < 0.05) and continued to be significant through 8 weeks after injection (p < 0.01), whereas a significant increase in weight above baseline was not observed until day 56 (p < 0.0001). Expression of luc2 in ID8 cells did not alter the cellular immune microenvironment of the tumor. FOXP3+ T cells were more likely to be detected in the intraepithelial compartment and CD4+ T cells in the stroma as compared to CD3+ T cells, which were found equally in stroma and intraepithelial compartments. CONCLUSIONS Use of an intraperitoneal tumor expressing a codon-optimized firefly luciferase in an immunocompetent mouse model allows tumor quantitation in vivo and detection of microscopic tumor burdens. Expression of this foreign protein does not significantly effect tumor engraftment or the immune microenvironment of the ID8 cells in vivo and may allow novel immunotherapies to be assessed in a murine model for their translational potential to ovarian cancers in remission or minimal disease after primary cytoreductive surgery or chemotherapy. METHODS Mouse ovarian surface epithelial cells from C57BL6 mice transformed after serial passage in vitro were transduced with a lentiviral vector expressing a codon optimized firefly luciferase (luc2). Cell lines were selected and luc2 expression functionally confirmed in vitro. Cell lines were intraperitoneally (IP) implanted in albino C57BL/6/BrdCrHsd-Tyrc mice and albino B6(Cg)-Tyrc-2 J/J mice for serial imaging. D-luciferin substrate was injected IP and tumors were serially imaged in vivo using a Xenogen IVIS. Tumor take, weights, and luminescent intensities were measured. Immunohistochemistry was performed on tumors and assessed for immune infiltrates in stromal and intraepithelial compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Liao
- />Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195 USA
- />Tumor Vaccine Group, Center for Translational Medicine in Women’s Health, University of Washington, 850 Republican St., Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| | - Kelsie J Ovenell
- />Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195 USA
- />Tumor Vaccine Group, Center for Translational Medicine in Women’s Health, University of Washington, 850 Republican St., Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| | - Erin E M Curtis
- />Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195 USA
- />Tumor Vaccine Group, Center for Translational Medicine in Women’s Health, University of Washington, 850 Republican St., Seattle, WA 98109 USA
- />Swarthmore College, 500 College Ave, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA
| | - Denise L Cecil
- />Tumor Vaccine Group, Center for Translational Medicine in Women’s Health, University of Washington, 850 Republican St., Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| | - Marlese R Koehnlein
- />Tumor Vaccine Group, Center for Translational Medicine in Women’s Health, University of Washington, 850 Republican St., Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| | - Lauren R Rastetter
- />Tumor Vaccine Group, Center for Translational Medicine in Women’s Health, University of Washington, 850 Republican St., Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| | - Ekram A Gad
- />Tumor Vaccine Group, Center for Translational Medicine in Women’s Health, University of Washington, 850 Republican St., Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| | - Mary L Disis
- />Tumor Vaccine Group, Center for Translational Medicine in Women’s Health, University of Washington, 850 Republican St., Seattle, WA 98109 USA
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Lungchukiet P, Sun Y, Kasiappan R, Quarni W, Nicosia SV, Zhang X, Bai W. Suppression of epithelial ovarian cancer invasion into the omentum by 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and its receptor. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 148:138-47. [PMID: 25448740 PMCID: PMC4465764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the leading cause of gynecological cancer death in women, mainly because it has spread to intraperitoneal tissues such as the omentum in the peritoneal cavity by the time of diagnosis. In the present study, we established in vitro assays, ex vivo omental organ culture system and syngeneic animal tumor models using wild type (WT) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) null mice to investigate the effects of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3) and VDR on EOC invasion. Treatment of human EOC cells with 1,25D3 suppressed their migration and invasion in monolayer scratch and transwell assays and ability to colonize the omentum in the ex vivo system, supporting a role for epithelial VDR in interfering with EOC invasion. Furthermore, VDR knockdown in OVCAR3 cells increased their ability to colonize the omentum in the ex vivo system in the absence of 1,25D3, showing a potential ligand-independent suppression of EOC invasion by epithelial VDR. In syngeneic models, ID8 tumors exhibited an increased ability to colonize omenta of VDR null over that of WT mice; pre-treatment of WT, not VDR null, mice with EB1089 reduced ID8 colonization, revealing a role for stromal VDR in suppressing EOC invasion. These studies are the first to demonstrate a role for epithelial and stromal VDR in mediating the activity of 1,25D3 as well as a 1,25D3-independent action of the VDR in suppressing EOC invasion. The data suggest that VDR-based drug discovery may lead to the development of new intervention strategies to improve the survival of patients with EOC at advanced stages. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Vitamin D Workshop".
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Affiliation(s)
- Panida Lungchukiet
- The Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of South Florida, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 64, Tampa, FL 33612-4799, USA
| | - Yuefeng Sun
- The Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of South Florida, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 64, Tampa, FL 33612-4799, USA
| | - Ravi Kasiappan
- The Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of South Florida, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 64, Tampa, FL 33612-4799, USA
| | - Waise Quarni
- The Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of South Florida, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 64, Tampa, FL 33612-4799, USA
| | - Santo V Nicosia
- The Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of South Florida, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 64, Tampa, FL 33612-4799, USA; Oncological Sciences, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 64, Tampa, FL 33612-4799, USA; Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 64, Tampa, FL 33612-4799, USA
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- The Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of South Florida, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 64, Tampa, FL 33612-4799, USA; Oncological Sciences, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 64, Tampa, FL 33612-4799, USA; University of South Florida College of Medicine, and Programs of Cancer Biology & Evolution, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 64, Tampa, FL 33612-4799, USA
| | - Wenlong Bai
- The Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of South Florida, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 64, Tampa, FL 33612-4799, USA; Oncological Sciences, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 64, Tampa, FL 33612-4799, USA; University of South Florida College of Medicine, and Programs of Cancer Biology & Evolution, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 64, Tampa, FL 33612-4799, USA.
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