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Vincentis AD, Costanzo L, Vespasiani-Gentilucci U, Picardi A, Bandinelli S, Ferrucci L, Incalzi RA, Pedone C. Association between non-invasive liver fibrosis scores and occurrence of health adverse outcomes in older people. Dig Liver Dis 2019; 51:1330-1336. [PMID: 30808572 PMCID: PMC6679815 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relation between liver fibrosis scores and health outcomes in older people has been barely investigated. We aimed to evaluate the association of four liver fibrosis scores (fibrosis-4 -FIB-4-, NAFLD fibrosis score -NFS-, BARD and aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio -AST/ALT-) with mortality and incident disability at 6 years in an older population. METHODS We studied 962 individuals aged ≥65 (mean age 74.4; female 55.5%) with a mean follow-up of 95.7 months, enrolled in the InCHIANTI study. The relationship between liver fibrosis scores and mortality and disability was assessed through Cox and log-binomial regressions. RESULTS NFS and FIB-4 were associated with higher overall (aHR ranging 1.38-1.78 for intermediate risk of fibrosis and 1.60-2.02 for high risk) and cardiovascular (aHR ranging 1.76-2.90 for intermediate and 2.22-2.42 for high risk) mortality. AST/ALT and BARD were only associated with overall mortality. Only NFS and FIB-4 high risk classes were associated with incident disability (aRR ranging 1.93-2.76). Despite poor sensitivity, all scores showed high specificity (ranging 0.88-0.95). CONCLUSION Higher risk of liver fibrosis is associated with higher risk of poor health outcomes. Liver fibrosis scores may help to stratify the risk and, mainly, identify elderly patients with favorable prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio De Vincentis
- Geriatric and Gerontology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University, via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Rome, Italy,Clinical Medicine and Hepatology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University, via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Costanzo
- Geriatric and Gerontology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University, via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Vespasiani-Gentilucci
- Clinical Medicine and Hepatology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University, via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Picardi
- Clinical Medicine and Hepatology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University, via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Bandinelli
- Azienda Sanitaria di Firenze, Piazza Santa Maria Nuova, 1, 50122 Firenze, Italy
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Raffaele Antonelli Incalzi
- Geriatric and Gerontology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University, via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Pedone
- Geriatric and Gerontology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University, via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Rome, Italy
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202
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Hunt NJ, Kang SWS, Lockwood GP, Le Couteur DG, Cogger VC. Hallmarks of Aging in the Liver. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2019; 17:1151-1161. [PMID: 31462971 PMCID: PMC6709368 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While the liver demonstrates remarkable resilience during aging, there is growing evidence that it undergoes all the cellular hallmarks of aging, which increases the risk of liver and systemic disease. The aging process in the liver is driven by alterations of the genome and epigenome that contribute to dysregulation of mitochondrial function and nutrient sensing pathways, leading to cellular senescence and low-grade inflammation. These changes promote multiple phenotypic changes in all liver cells (hepatocytes, liver sinusoidal endothelial, hepatic stellate and Küpffer cells) and impairment of hepatic function. In particular, age-related changes in the liver sinusoidal endothelial cells are a significant but under-recognized risk factor for the development of age-related cardiometabolic disease. Liver aging is driven by transcription and metabolic epigenome alterations. This leads to cellular senescence and low-grade inflammation. Hepatocyte, sinusoidal endothelial, stellate and Küpffer cells undergoes the hallmarks of aging. Each cell type demonstrates phenotypical cellular changes with age.
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Key Words
- AMPK, 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase
- CR, caloric restriction
- Endothelial
- FOXO, forkhead box O
- Genetic
- HSC, hepatic stellate cell
- Hepatocyte
- IGF-1, insulin like growth factor 1
- IL-6, interleukin 6
- IL-8, interleukin 8
- KC, Küpffer cell
- LSEC, liver sinusoidal endothelial cell
- Mitochondrial dysfunction
- NAD, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NO, nitric oxide
- Nutrient sensing pathways
- PDGF, platelet derived growth factor
- PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-α
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SIRT1, sirtuin 1
- Senescence
- TNFα, tumor necrosis factor alpha
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
- miR, microRNA
- αSMA, alpha smooth muscle actin
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Hunt
- ANZAC Research Institute, Aging and Alzheimer's Institute, Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Concord Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Nutrition Ecology, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sun Woo Sophie Kang
- ANZAC Research Institute, Aging and Alzheimer's Institute, Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Nutrition Ecology, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Glen P Lockwood
- ANZAC Research Institute, Aging and Alzheimer's Institute, Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Nutrition Ecology, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David G Le Couteur
- ANZAC Research Institute, Aging and Alzheimer's Institute, Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Concord Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Nutrition Ecology, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Victoria C Cogger
- ANZAC Research Institute, Aging and Alzheimer's Institute, Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Concord Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Nutrition Ecology, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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203
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Chu KKW, Chok KSH. Is the treatment outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma inferior in elderly patients? World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:3563-3571. [PMID: 31367157 PMCID: PMC6658391 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i27.3563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In view of the increasing life expectancy in different parts of the world, a larger proportion of elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) requiring oncological treatment is expected. The clinicopathological characteristics of HCC in elderly patients and in younger patients are different. Elderly patients, in general, also have more comorbidities. Evaluation of the efficacy of different HCC treatment options in elderly patients is necessary to optimize treatment outcomes for them. Treatment modalities for HCC include hepatectomy, liver transplantation, radiofrequency ablation, transarterial chemoembolization, and molecular-targeted therapy with sorafenib. In this review, current evidence on the risks and outcomes of the different HCC treatments for elderly patients are discussed. According to data in the literature, elderly patients and younger patients benefited similarly from HCC treatments. More clinical data are needed for the determination of selecting criteria on elderly HCC patients to maximize their chance of getting the most appropriate and effective treatments. As such, further studies evaluating the outcomes of different HCC treatment modalities in elderly patients are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth Siu Ho Chok
- Department of Surgery and State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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204
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Bhatti HW, Tahir U, Chaudhary NA, Bhatti S, Hafeez M, Rizvi ZA. Factors associated with renal dysfunction in hepatitis C-related cirrhosis and its correlation with Child-Pugh score. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2019; 6:e000286. [PMID: 31275583 PMCID: PMC6577365 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2019-000286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To assess factors associated with renal dysfunction (RD) in hepatitis C virus (HCV) cirrhosis, correlate renal parameters with Child-Pugh score (CPS) and find a cut-off value of CPS to determine RD. Materials and methods It was a cross-sectional study that included 70 cases of liver cirrhosis secondary to HCV from a period of 6 months at Combined Military Hospital, Multan. Diagnosis of HCV was confirmed by serological assay and liver cirrhosis by ultrasonography. CPS was determined and lab reports were taken. Patients were divided into two groups as not having RD (serum creatinine≤1.5 mg/dL) and having RD (serum creatinine≥1.5 mg/dL). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated by chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI) formula. Data were analyzed using SPSS V.23.0. χ2, Kruskal-Wallis test and Pearson coefficient of correlation were applied. ROC curve was drawn to evaluate cut-off value of CPS for the presence of RD. Level of significance was set at p<0.05. Results Patients with CP grade B or C develop RD as compared to patients with CP grade A (p=0.000). Mean age, urea, creatinine and eGFR varies significantly among patients who develop RD and patients who do not (p=0.02, p=0.000, p=0.000 and p=0.000, respectively). eGFR negatively correlates with CPS (r=−0.359, p=0.002). Creatinine, urea and ALBI score positively correlates with CPS (r=+0.417, p=0.000; r=+0.757, p=0.000; r=+0.362, p=0.002, respectively). Conclusion Ascites and encephalopathy are associated with RD in HCV cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Umama Tahir
- Medicine, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | | | - Sania Bhatti
- Medicine, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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205
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Tu Y, Zhu S, Wang J, Burstein E, Jia D. Natural compounds in the chemoprevention of alcoholic liver disease. Phytother Res 2019; 33:2192-2212. [PMID: 31264302 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), caused by excessive consumption of alcohol, is a major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Much effort has been expended to explore the pathogenesis of ALD. Hepatic cell injury, oxidative stress, inflammation, regeneration, and bacterial translocation are all involved in the pathogenesis of ALD. Immediate abstinence is the most important therapeutic treatment for affected individuals. However, the medical treatment for ALD had not advanced in a long period. Intriguingly, an increasing body of research indicates the potential of natural compounds in the targeted therapy of ALD. A plethora of dietary natural products such as flavonoids, resveratrol, saponins, and β-carotene are found to exert protective effects on ALD. This occurs through various mechanisms composed of antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, iron chelation, pro-apoptosis, and/or antiproliferation of hepatic stellate cells and hepatocellular carcinoma cells. In this review, we will summarize current knowledge about the pathogenesis and treatments of ALD and focus on the potential of natural compounds in ALD therapies and underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Tu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shu Zhu
- Chinese Academy of Science and Technology for Development, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Foresight and Evaluation Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ezra Burstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Da Jia
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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206
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Lawrence YA, Rodrigues-Hoffmann A, Steiner JM, Suchodolski JS, Shankar S, Klemashevich CL, Lidbury JA. Development, validation, and application of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for quantitative determination of trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline concentration in the serum of dogs with chronic hepatitis. Am J Vet Res 2019; 80:434-440. [PMID: 31034276 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.80.5.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and analytically validate a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for measurement of endogenous trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline concentrations in canine serum and to assess serum trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline concentrations in dogs with chronic hepatitis. SAMPLE Serum samples obtained from 20 dogs with histopathologically confirmed chronic hepatitis and 20 healthy control dogs. PROCEDURES A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for quantification of trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline concentration was developed and assessed for analytic sensitivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, and reproducibility. Serum concentration of trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline in dogs with chronic hepatitis and healthy control dogs was measured. RESULTS Observed-to-expected ratios for dilutional parallelism ranged from 72.7% to 111.5% (mean ± SD, 91.3 ± 19.6%). Intra-assay and interassay coefficients of variation ranged from 2.1% to 3.0% and 3.2% to 5.3%, respectively. Relative error ranged from -2.3% to 7.8%. Trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline concentrations were significantly lower in serum obtained from dogs with chronic hepatitis (median, 0.24 ng/mL; range, 0.06 to 1.84 ng/mL) than in serum obtained from healthy control dogs (median, 0.78 ng/mL; range, 0.14 to 4.90 ng/mL). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The method described here for the quantification of trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline concentration in canine serum was found to be sensitive, specific, precise, accurate, and reproducible. Dogs with chronic hepatitis had significantly lower serum trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline concentrations than did healthy control dogs, possibly as a result of altered hepatic metabolism of amino acids.
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207
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Chen J, Zou Q, Lv D, Raza MA, Wang X, Chen Y, Xi X, Li P, Wen A, Zhu L, Tang G, Li M, Li X, Jiang Y. Comprehensive transcriptional profiling of aging porcine liver. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6949. [PMID: 31149403 PMCID: PMC6526898 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aging is a major risk factor for the development of many diseases, and the liver, as the most important metabolic organ, is significantly affected by aging. It has been shown that the liver weight tends to increase in rodents and decrease in humans with age. Pigs have a genomic structure, with physiological as well as biochemical features that are similar to those of humans, and have therefore been used as a valuable model for studying human diseases. The molecular mechanisms of the liver aging of large mammals on a comprehensive transcriptional level remain poorly understood. The pig is an ideal model animal to clearly and fully understand the molecular mechanism underlying human liver aging. Methods In this study, four healthy female Yana pigs (an indigenous Chinese breed) were investigated: two young sows (180-days-old) and two old sows (8-years-old). High throughput RNA sequencing was performed to evaluate the expression profiles of messenger RNA, long non-coding RNAs, micro RNAs, and circular RNAs during the porcine liver aging process. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was performed to investigate the biological functions of age-related genes. Results A number of age-related genes were identified in the porcine liver. GO annotation showed that up-regulated genes were mainly related to immune response, while the down-regulated genes were mainly related to metabolism. Moreover, several lncRNAs and their target genes were also found to be differentially expressed during liver aging. In addition, the multi-group cooperative control relationships and constructed circRNA-miRNA co-expression networks were assessed during liver aging. Conclusions Numerous age-related genes were identified and circRNA-miRNA co-expression networks that are active during porcine liver aging were constructed. These findings contribute to the understanding of the transcriptional foundations of liver aging and also provide further references that clarify human liver aging at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianning Chen
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Zou
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Daojun Lv
- Sichuan Weimu Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Muhammad Ali Raza
- Department of Crop Cultivation and Farming System, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xi
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Peilin Li
- Sichuan Weimu Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Anxiang Wen
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guoqing Tang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingzhou Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuewei Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanzhi Jiang
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
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208
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Naviaux RK. Incomplete Healing as a Cause of Aging: The Role of Mitochondria and the Cell Danger Response. BIOLOGY 2019; 8:biology8020027. [PMID: 31083530 PMCID: PMC6627909 DOI: 10.3390/biology8020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The rate of biological aging varies cyclically and episodically in response to changing environmental conditions and the developmentally-controlled biological systems that sense and respond to those changes. Mitochondria and metabolism are fundamental regulators, and the cell is the fundamental unit of aging. However, aging occurs at all anatomical levels. At levels above the cell, aging in different tissues is qualitatively, quantitatively, and chronologically distinct. For example, the heart can age faster and differently than the kidney and vice versa. Two multicellular features of aging that are universal are: (1) a decrease in physiologic reserve capacity, and (2) a decline in the functional communication between cells and organ systems, leading to death. Decreases in reserve capacity and communication impose kinetic limits on the rate of healing after new injuries, resulting in dyssynchronous and incomplete healing. Exercise mitigates against these losses, but recovery times continue to increase with age. Reinjury before complete healing results in the stacking of incomplete cycles of healing. Developmentally delayed and arrested cells accumulate in the three stages of the cell danger response (CDR1, 2, and 3) that make up the healing cycle. Cells stuck in the CDR create physical and metabolic separation—buffer zones of reduced communication—between previously adjoining, synergistic, and metabolically interdependent cells. Mis-repairs and senescent cells accumulate, and repeated iterations of incomplete cycles of healing lead to progressively dysfunctional cellular mosaics in aging tissues. Metabolic cross-talk between mitochondria and the nucleus, and between neighboring and distant cells via signaling molecules called metabokines regulates the completeness of healing. Purinergic signaling and sphingolipids play key roles in this process. When viewed against the backdrop of the molecular features of the healing cycle, the incomplete healing model provides a new framework for understanding the hallmarks of aging and generates a number of testable hypotheses for new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert K Naviaux
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, Pathology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92103, USA.
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209
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Saffioti F, Roccarina D, Vesterhus M, Hov JR, Rosenberg W, Pinzani M, Pereira SP, Boberg KM, Thorburn D. Cholangiocarcinoma is associated with a raised enhanced liver fibrosis score independent of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Eur J Clin Invest 2019; 49:e13088. [PMID: 30762236 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) complicates primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) in 10%-20% of cases, but current tools for prediction of a CCA diagnosis are inadequate. Recently, we demonstrated the utility of the enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) test to stratify prognosis in PSC. We observed that patients with PSC + CCA had significantly higher ELF score than those with PSC alone. In this study, we aimed to investigate further this association in a larger cohort of PSC patients with CCA compared with patients with PSC or CCA alone. MATERIALS AND METHODS Stored sera from patients with PSC (n = 119), CCA without known chronic liver disease (n = 36) and PSC + CCA (n = 32) were tested for ELF. ELF score, gender, age, age at disease diagnosis, inflammatory bowel disease, PSC duration and severity, and CCA features were compared amongst the three cohorts. Factors related to an elevated ELF score were investigated. RESULTS Enhanced liver fibrosis score was significantly higher in patients with CCA without underlying chronic liver disease and in patients with PSC + CCA compared to those with PSC alone (P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, elevated ELF score was associated with the diagnosis of CCA independently of age and PSC status (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Enhanced liver fibrosis score was elevated in patients with CCA irrespective of the presence of PSC, and independently of liver disease stage. Our results indicate that the association between high ELF score and CCA may be related to the tumour's desmoplastic nature, independent of background liver fibrosis, suggesting that ELF score could be used to risk stratify for CCA in PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Saffioti
- Sheila Sherlock Liver Centre and UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London & Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Davide Roccarina
- Sheila Sherlock Liver Centre and UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London & Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Mette Vesterhus
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Johannes R Hov
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - William Rosenberg
- Sheila Sherlock Liver Centre and UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London & Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Massimo Pinzani
- Sheila Sherlock Liver Centre and UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London & Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Stephen P Pereira
- Sheila Sherlock Liver Centre and UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London & Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kirsten M Boberg
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Douglas Thorburn
- Sheila Sherlock Liver Centre and UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London & Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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210
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Effects of sulforaphane on D-galactose-induced liver aging in rats: Role of keap-1/nrf-2 pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 855:40-49. [PMID: 31039346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging; a biological phenomenon characterized by progressive decline in cellular functions, is considered as a major risk factor of various liver diseases that plays as an adverse prognostic role, thus increasing mortality rate. However, diet is the main environmental factor that has a major impact on the aging process whereas; sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate organosulfur compound in cruciferous vegetables, has been reported with myriad biological effects. In the present study, SFN antiaging properties were evaluated on D-galactose (D-Gal)-induced liver aging in rats. For this purpose, forty adult male Wistar rats were divided into five groups. All animals, except the normal control, were intraperitoneally injected with D-Gal (300 mg/kg/day for 5 days a week) for six consecutive weeks. In the hepatoprotective groups, animals received oral SFN (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg) for 6 weeks concurrently with D-GAL. SFN administration improved liver biomarkers through decreasing serum levels of AST, ALT, total and direct bilirubin when compared to D-Gal-aging group. SFN significantly increased hepatic GSH level as well as catalase and glutathione-S-transferase activities while counteracted the elevation in hepatic oxidative stress markers; MDA, NO and protein carbonyl in aged rats. SFN abrogated the dysregulation in hepatic Keap-1, Nrf-2 and HO-1and limited the elevation of TNF-α and TGF-β concentrations in aging liver. Histopathologically, SFN decreased the intensity of hepatic fibrous proliferation in D-Gal-induced aging. In conclusion, SFN has shown hepatic anti-aging potential through promoting the antioxidant machinery via regulating Keap-1, Nrf-2 and HO-1 and antioxidant enzyme activities as well as ameliorating oxidative stress, hampering the inflammatory cytokines; TNF-ɑ and TGF-β, and limiting hepatic fibrosis in a dose dependent manner.
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211
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Marchisello S, Di Pino A, Scicali R, Urbano F, Piro S, Purrello F, Rabuazzo AM. Pathophysiological, Molecular and Therapeutic Issues of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081948. [PMID: 31010049 PMCID: PMC6514656 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) represents the leading cause of liver disease in developed countries but its diffusion is currently also emerging in Asian countries, in South America and in other developing countries. It is progressively becoming one of the main diseases responsible for hepatic insufficiency, hepatocarcinoma and the need for orthotopic liver transplantation. NAFLD is linked with metabolic syndrome in a close and bidirectional relationship. To date, NAFLD is a diagnosis of exclusion, and liver biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis. NAFLD pathogenesis is complex and multifactorial, mainly involving genetic, metabolic and environmental factors. New concepts are constantly arising in the literature promising new diagnostic and therapeutic tools. One of the challenges will be to better characterize not only NAFLD development but overall NAFLD progression, in order to better identify NAFLD patients at higher risk of metabolic, cardiovascular and neoplastic complications. This review analyses NAFLD epidemiology and the different prevalence of the disease in distinct groups, particularly according to sex, age, body mass index, type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia. Furthermore, the work expands on the pathophysiology of NAFLD, examining multiple-hit pathogenesis and the role of different factors in hepatic steatosis development and progression: genetics, metabolic factors and insulin resistance, diet, adipose tissue, gut microbiota, iron deposits, bile acids and circadian clock. In conclusion, the current available therapies for NAFLD will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Marchisello
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95100, Italy.
| | - Antonino Di Pino
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95100, Italy.
| | - Roberto Scicali
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95100, Italy.
| | - Francesca Urbano
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95100, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Piro
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95100, Italy.
| | - Francesco Purrello
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95100, Italy.
| | - Agata Maria Rabuazzo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95100, Italy.
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Pimentel RRS, Garcia IM, Galdino MJQ, Pissinati PSC, Rossaneis MA, Gvozd Costa R, Silva LGC, Haddad MCFL. Liver Donations and Transplants in the State of Paraná, Brazil. Transplant Proc 2019; 51:632-638. [PMID: 30979445 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increase in the waiting list for a liver and the high mortality rate of patients with terminal liver disease represent serious public health problems in Brazil. OBJECTIVE To analyze donations and liver transplants in the State of Paraná, Brazil. METHOD A cross-sectional study was carried out with data from 3931 reports of deaths due to brain death and 8146 solid organ transplants made available by the State Transplant System of Paraná between 2011 and 2016. The data related to donation and liver transplantation were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inference. RESULTS A total of 751 (28.9%) liver donations were carried out. Of these, the greatest chance of effectiveness occurred in patients younger than 50 years OR: 1.94 (CI: 1.60-2.34; P < .01) and male OR: 1.27 (CI: 1.06-1.52; P < .01). A total of 720 (8.8%) liver transplants were performed, most of which were funded by the Unified Health System. There was a significant increase in donations and liver transplants over the years. CONCLUSION Donor numbers and liver transplants increased in the State but did not meet the need for the waiting list within the analyzed period.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R S Pimentel
- Department of Nursing, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - I M Garcia
- Department of Nursing, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - M J Q Galdino
- Department of Nursing, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Nursing, State University of North Paraná, Bandeirantes, Paraná, Brazil
| | - P S C Pissinati
- Department of Nursing, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - M A Rossaneis
- Department of Nursing, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - R Gvozd Costa
- Department of Nursing, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - L G C Silva
- Department of Nursing, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - M C F L Haddad
- Department of Nursing, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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213
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Selective Associations of Recent Low Concentrations of Perfluoroalkyl Substances With Liver Function Biomarkers. J Occup Environ Med 2019; 61:293-302. [PMID: 30589657 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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214
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Seo E, Kang H, Choi H, Choi W, Jun HS. Reactive oxygen species-induced changes in glucose and lipid metabolism contribute to the accumulation of cholesterol in the liver during aging. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12895. [PMID: 30609251 PMCID: PMC6413652 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor for many chronic diseases due to increased vulnerability to external stress and susceptibility to disease. Aging is associated with metabolic liver disease such as nonalcoholic fatty liver. In this study, we investigated changes in lipid metabolism during aging in mice and the mechanisms involved. Lipid accumulation was increased in liver tissues of aged mice, particularly cholesterol. Increased uptake of both cholesterol and glucose was observed in hepatocytes of aged mice as compared with younger mice. The mRNA expression of GLUT2, GK, SREBP2, HMGCR, and HMGCS, genes for cholesterol synthesis, was gradually increased in liver tissues during aging. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase with aging and are closely related to various aging‐related diseases. When we treated HepG2 cells and primary hepatocytes with the ROS inducer, H2O2, lipid accumulation increased significantly compared to the case for untreated HepG2 cells. H2O2 treatment significantly increased glucose uptake and acetyl‐CoA production, which results in glycolysis and lipid synthesis. Treatment with H2O2 significantly increased the expression of mRNA for genes related to cholesterol synthesis and uptake. These results suggest that ROS play an important role in altering cholesterol metabolism and consequently contribute to the accumulation of cholesterol in the liver during the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhui Seo
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science; Gachon University; Incheon Republic of Korea
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute; Gachon University; Incheon Republic of Korea
| | - Hwansu Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science; Gachon University; Incheon Republic of Korea
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute; Gachon University; Incheon Republic of Korea
| | - Hojung Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science; Gachon University; Incheon Republic of Korea
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute; Gachon University; Incheon Republic of Korea
| | - Woohyuk Choi
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute; Gachon University; Incheon Republic of Korea
- Division of Life Sciences; Korea University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sook Jun
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science; Gachon University; Incheon Republic of Korea
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute; Gachon University; Incheon Republic of Korea
- Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Hospital; Incheon Republic of Korea
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215
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Chi HC, Tsai CY, Tsai MM, Yeh CT, Lin KH. Molecular functions and clinical impact of thyroid hormone-triggered autophagy in liver-related diseases. J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:24. [PMID: 30849993 PMCID: PMC6407245 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0517-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is controlled by several metabolic hormones, including thyroid hormone, and characteristically displays high lysosomal activity as well as metabolic stress-triggered autophagy, which is stringently regulated by the levels of hormones and metabolites. Hepatic autophagy provides energy through catabolism of glucose, amino acids and free fatty acids for starved cells, facilitating the generation of new macromolecules and maintenance of the quantity and quality of cellular organelles, such as mitochondria. Dysregulation of autophagy and defective mitochondrial homeostasis contribute to hepatocyte injury and liver-related diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and liver cancer. Thyroid hormones (TH) mediate several critical physiological processes including organ development, cell differentiation, metabolism and cell growth and maintenance. Accumulating evidence has revealed dysregulation of cellular TH activity as the underlying cause of several liver-related diseases, including alcoholic or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver cancer. Data from epidemiologic, animal and clinical studies collectively support preventive functions of THs in liver-related diseases, highlighting the therapeutic potential of TH analogs. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms and downstream targets of TH should thus facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies for a number of major public health issues. Here, we have reviewed recent studies focusing on the involvement of THs in hepatic homeostasis through induction of autophagy and their implications in liver-related diseases. Additionally, the potential underlying molecular pathways and therapeutic applications of THs in NAFLD and HCC are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Cheng Chi
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ying Tsai
- Kidney Research Center and Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ming Tsai
- Department of Nursing, Chang-Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 333.,Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan, 613.,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology , Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Ting Yeh
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 333
| | - Kwang-Huei Lin
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 333. .,Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1 Road, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology , Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Bandaru VCSS, Chaudhury JR, Lalitha P, Reddy SN, Misra PK, Balaraju B, Mridula KR. Prevalence of asymptomatic nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in nondiabetic participants: a study from south india. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/ejim.ejim_76_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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217
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Plaza A, Naranjo V, Blonda AM, Cano V, González-Martín C, Gil-Ortega M, Ruiz-Gayo M, Merino B. Inflammatory stress and altered angiogenesis evoked by very high-fat diets in mouse liver. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 66:434-442. [PMID: 30833154 DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a condition that leads to fibrosis, is caused by intake of very high-fat diets (HFDs). However, while the negative impact on the liver of these diets has been an issue of interest, systematic research on the effect of HFDs are lacking. OBJECTIVE To characterize the overall impact of HFDs on both molecular and morphological signs of liver remodeling. METHODS A study was conducted on male C57BL/6J mice to assess the effect of 4- and 8-week HFDs (60% kcal from fat) on (i) liver steatosis and fibrosis, and (ii) expression of factors involved in inflammation and angiogenesis. RESULTS After an 8-week HFD, vascular endothelial growth factor type-2 receptor (VEGF-R2) and fatty acid translocase/trombospondin-1 receptor (CD36) were overexpressed in liver tissue of mice given HFDs. These changes suggest impaired liver angiogenesis and occurred together with (i) increased GPR78-BiP and EIF2α phosphorylation, suggesting endoplasmic reticulum stress, (ii) induction of Col1a1 gene expression, a marker of fibrosis, and (iii) increased CD31 immunolabeling, consistent with active angiogenesis and fibrosis. CONCLUSION Our data show that very HFDs promote a rapid inflammatory response, as well as deregulation of angiogenesis, both consistent with development of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Plaza
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Naranjo
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alessandra M Blonda
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Cano
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen González-Martín
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Gil-Ortega
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Ruiz-Gayo
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Merino
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain.
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218
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Wu SC, Chen WTL, Muo CH, Hsu CY. A comparative study of subsequent liver cirrhosis risk in non-Helicobacter pylori-infected peptic ulcer patients with and without vagotomy: An Asian population cohort study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 34:376-382. [PMID: 30101458 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hepatic parasympathetic nerves branch off the vagus nerve. The vagal and hepatic nervous systems are important in liver physiological processes and some diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and liver cirrhosis. We were interested in vagal nerve integrity and subsequent diseases in peptic ulcer patients. Herein, we used National Health Insurance database in Taiwan and retrospectively assessed the risk of developing liver cirrhosis in peptic ulcer patients with and without complications by surgical treatments. METHODS A cohort of 357 423 peptic ulcer patients without Helicobacter pylori, hepatitis B/C virus infection, and alcoholism from 2001 to 2008 was established. A randomly selected cohort of 357 423 people without peptic ulcer that matched by age, gender, comorbidities, and index year was used for comparison. The risks of developing liver cirrhosis were assessed both in cohorts and in peptic ulcer patients with and without vagotomy at the end of 2011. RESULTS Peptic ulcer patients were with higher incidence of liver cirrhosis than those without peptic ulcer (2.63 vs 0.96 per 1000 person-years) and with a 2.79-fold adjusted hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval = 2.66-2.93) based on the multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Comparing with different peptic ulcer management strategies, the HR value for subsequent liver cirrhosis risk was the lowest in vagotomy group (HR = 0.46, 95% confidence interval = 0.33-0.64). CONCLUSIONS Peptic ulcer patients have an increased risk of developing liver cirrhosis. Moreover, there were association of vagotomy and decreased risk of subsequent liver cirrhosis in complicated peptic ulcer patients. However, further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chi Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University College of Medicine, Taichung, Taiwan.,Trauma and Emergency Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Chih-Hsin Muo
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung Y Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University College of Medicine, Taichung, Taiwan
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219
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Nwose EU, Obianke J, Richards RS, Bwitit PT, Igumbor EO. Prevalence and correlations of hepatorenal functions in diabetes and cardiovascular disease among stratified adults. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2019; 90:97-103. [PMID: 30889161 PMCID: PMC6502162 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v90i1.6576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: The vulnerability of older adults to diabetes and cardiovascular complications is a global concern. Hepatorenal pathophysiology is implicated in these complications, but has yet to be clearly established, especially from rural low-mid income countries. This study investigates differences in prevalence of diabetes in aging groups and correlations of age with hepatorenal variables. Methods: 203 participants of both sexes above the age of 18 years underwent anthropometric measurements at Catholic Hospital, Abbi, Nigeria. Questionnaires collected demographic information and medical history. Urinalysis as well as routine liver and renal function tests were performed. Data analysis included determination of levels of hepatorenal abnormalities and prevalence of diseases in age groups. Percentage of disease subpopulations made up by each age-group was also determined as well as Pearson’s correlation coefficient between age and hepatorenal variables, and comparison of average age and hepatorenal variables in disease subgroups. Results: Percentage hepatorenal abnormalities are not significantly different between age-groups. There is no significant difference in percentage level of disease between groups, but in age-groups constituting disease sub-populations (p<0.00001). The apparently healthy subpopulation comprises of younger adults compared to older adults constituting diabetes and hypertension (p < 0...). Age shows moderate correlation with renal function parameters, especially urea and chloride (r = 0.42), but relatively insignificant with liver function variables. Conclusion: This report affirms that diabetes cardiovascular co-morbidity comes with aging. It also indicates that renal pathophysiology may be more associated, than liver, functions in the vulnerability of adults. (www.actabiomedica.it)
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220
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Chávez EM, Wong LM, Subar P, Young DA, Wong A. Dental Care for Geriatric and Special Needs Populations. Dent Clin North Am 2019; 62:245-267. [PMID: 29478456 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews considerations for oral health care associated with the most common causes of mortality and morbidity in older adults. Many of these diseases result in functional or cognitive impairments that must be considered in treatment planning to ensure appropriate, safe, and effective care for patients. Many of these considerations parallel those of adults who have lived with developmental disabilities over a lifetime and similar principles can be applied. Systemic diseases, conditions, and their treatments can pose significant risks to oral health, which requires prevention, treatment, and advocacy for oral health care as integral to chronic disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa M Chávez
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, 155 5th Street, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA.
| | - Lynne M Wong
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, 155 5th Street, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
| | - Paul Subar
- Special Care Clinic, Hospital Dentistry Program, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, 155 5th Street, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA; Department of Family and Community Medicine, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Douglas A Young
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, 155 5th Street, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
| | - Allen Wong
- AEGD Program, Hospital Dentistry Program, University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, 155 5th Street, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
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221
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Huang K, Chen W, Zhu F, Li PWL, Kapahi P, Bai H. RiboTag translatomic profiling of Drosophila oenocytes under aging and induced oxidative stress. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:50. [PMID: 30651069 PMCID: PMC6335716 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5404-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is accompanied with loss of tissue homeostasis and accumulation of cellular damages. As one of the important metabolic centers, liver shows age-related dysregulation of lipid metabolism, impaired detoxification pathway, increased inflammation and oxidative stress response. However, the mechanisms for these age-related changes still remain unclear. In the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, liver-like functions are controlled by two distinct tissues, fat body and oenocytes. Compared to fat body, little is known about how oenocytes age and what are their roles in aging regulation. To characterize age- and stress-regulated gene expression in oenocytes, we performed cell-type-specific ribosome profiling (RiboTag) to examine the impacts of aging and oxidative stress on oenocyte translatome in Drosophila. RESULTS We show that aging and oxidant paraquat significantly increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in adult oenocytes of Drosophila, and aged oenocytes exhibited reduced sensitivity to paraquat treatment. Through RiboTag sequencing, we identified 3324 and 949 differentially expressed genes in oenocytes under aging and paraquat treatment, respectively. Aging and paraquat exhibit both shared and distinct regulations on oenocyte translatome. Among all age-regulated genes, oxidative phosphorylation, ribosome, proteasome, fatty acid metabolism, and cytochrome P450 pathways were down-regulated, whereas DNA replication and immune response pathways were up-regulated. In addition, most of the peroxisomal genes were down-regulated in aged oenocytes, including genes involved in peroxisomal biogenesis factors and fatty acid beta-oxidation. Many age-related mRNA translational changes in oenocytes are similar to aged mammalian liver, such as up-regulation of innate immune response and Ras/MAPK signaling pathway and down-regulation of peroxisome and fatty acid metabolism. Furthermore, oenocytes highly expressed genes involving in liver-like processes (e.g., ketogenesis). CONCLUSIONS Our oenocyte-specific translatome analysis identified many genes and pathways that are shared between Drosophila oenocytes and mammalian liver, highlighting the molecular and functional similarities between the two tissues. Many of these genes were altered in both oenocytes and liver during aging. Thus, our translatome analysis provide important genomic resource for future dissection of oenocyte function and its role in lipid metabolism, stress response and aging regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerui Huang
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
| | - Wenhao Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Fang Zhu
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | | | - Pankaj Kapahi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Hua Bai
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
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Rezaei N, Asadi-Lari M, Sheidaei A, Khademi S, Gohari K, Delavari F, Delavari A, Abdolhamidi E, Chegini M, Rezaei N, Jamshidi H, Bahrami Taghanaki P, Hasan M, Yoosefi M, FarzadFar F. Liver cirrhosis mortality at national and provincial levels in Iran between 1990 and 2015: A meta regression analysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0198449. [PMID: 30645598 PMCID: PMC6333345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver cirrhosis mortality number has increased over the last decades. We aimed to estimate the liver cirrhosis mortality rate and its trends for the first time by sex, age, geographical distribution, and cause in Iran. METHOD Iranian Death Registration System, along with demographic (Complete and Summary Birth History, Maternal Age Cohort and Period methods) and statistical methods (Spatio-temporal and Gaussian process regression models) were used to address the incompleteness and misclassification and uncertainty of death registration system to estimate annual cirrhosis mortality rate. Percentages of deaths were proportionally redistributed into cirrhosis due to hepatitis B, C and alcohol use based on the data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2010 study. RESULTS Liver cirrhosis mortality in elder patients was 12 times higher than that in younger patients at national level in 2015. Over the 26 years, liver cirrhosis mortality in males has increased more than that in females. Plus, the percentage of change in age adjusted mortality rate at provincial levels varied between decreases of 64.53% to nearly 17% increase. Mortality rate has increased until 2002 and then decreased until 2015.The province with highest mortality rate in 2015 has nearly two times greater rate compare to the lowest. More than 60% of liver cirrhosis mortality cases at national level are caused by hepatitis B and C infection. The rate of hepatitis B mortality is four times more than that from hepatitis C. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated an increasing and then decreasing pattern in cirrhosis mortality that could be due to national vaccination of hepatitis B program. However monitoring, early detection and treatment of risk factors of cirrhosis, mainly in high risk age groups and regions are essential. Cirrhosis mortality could be diminished by using new non-invasive methods of cirrhosis screening, hepatitis B vaccination, definite treatment of hepatitis C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Rezaei
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Asadi-Lari
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Sheidaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Khademi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimiya Gohari
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Delavari
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Delavari
- Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Abdolhamidi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Chegini
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazila Rezaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Jamshidi
- School of Medicine, Dep. Of Pharmacology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Milad Hasan
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moein Yoosefi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad FarzadFar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
This Review presents current epidemiological trends of the most common liver diseases in Asia-Pacific countries. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains the primary cause of cirrhosis; despite declining prevalence in most Asian nations, this virus still poses a severe threat in some territories and regions. Mortality resulting from HBV infection is declining as a result of preventive measures and antiviral treatments. The epidemiological transition of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has varied in the region in the past few decades, but the medical burden of infection and the prevalence of its related cancers are increasing. The lack of licensed HCV vaccines highlights the need for novel treatment strategies. The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has risen in the past decade, mostly owing to increasingly urbanized lifestyles and dietary changes. Alternative herbal medicine and dietary supplements are major causes of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in some countries. Complications arising from these chronic liver diseases, including cirrhosis and liver cancer, are therefore emerging threats in the Asia-Pacific region. Key strategies to control these liver diseases include monitoring of at-risk populations, implementation of national guidelines and increasing public and physician awareness, in concert with improving access to health care.
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Liu R, Ahluwalia V, Kang JD, Ghosh SS, Zhou H, Li Y, Zhao D, Gurley E, Li X, White MB, Fagan A, Lippman HR, Wade JB, Hylemon PB, Bajaj JS. Effect of Increasing Age on Brain Dysfunction in Cirrhosis. Hepatol Commun 2019; 3:63-73. [PMID: 30619995 PMCID: PMC6312655 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with cirrhosis are growing older, which could have an impact on brain dysfunction beyond hepatic encephalopathy. Our aim was to study the effect of concomitant aging and cirrhosis on brain inflammation and degeneration using human and animal experiments. For the human study, age-matched patients with cirrhosis and controls between 65 and 85 years underwent cognitive testing, quality of life (QOL) assessment, and brain magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy and resting state functional MR imaging (rs-fMRI) analysis. Data were compared between groups. For the animal study, young (10-12 weeks) and old (1.5 years) C57BL/6 mice were given either CCl4 gavage to develop cirrhosis or a vehicle control and were followed for 12 weeks. Cortical messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of inflammatory mediators (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-1β, transforming growth factor β [TGF-β], and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1), sirtuin-1, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic synaptic plasticity (neuroligin-2 [NLG2], discs large homolog 4 [DLG4], GABA receptor, subunit gamma 1/subunit B1 [GABRG1/B1]) were analyzed and compared between younger/older control and cirrhotic mice. The human study included 46 subjects (23/group). Patients with cirrhosis had worse QOL and cognition. On MR spectroscopy, patients with cirrhosis had worse changes related to ammonia and lower N-acetyl aspartate, whereas rs-fMRI analysis revealed that these patients demonstrated functional connectivity changes in the frontoparietal cortical region compared to controls. Results of the animal study showed that older mice required lower CCl4 to reach cirrhosis. Older mice, especially with cirrhosis, demonstrated higher cortical inflammatory mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-1β, and TGF-β; higher glial and microglial activation; and lower sirtuin-1 expression compared to younger mice. Older mice also had lower expression of DLG4, an excitatory synaptic organizer, and higher NLG2 and GABRG1/B1 receptor expression, indicating a predominantly inhibitory synaptic organization. Conclusion: Aging modulates brain changes in cirrhosis; this can affect QOL, cognition, and brain connectivity. Cortical inflammation, microglial activation, and altered GABA-ergic synaptic plasticity could be contributory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runping Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
- Microbiology and ImmunologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | - Vishwadeep Ahluwalia
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | - Jason D. Kang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
- Microbiology and ImmunologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | - Siddhartha S. Ghosh
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
- Division of NephrologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | - Huiping Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
- Microbiology and ImmunologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | - Yunzhou Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
- Microbiology and ImmunologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | - Derrick Zhao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
- Microbiology and ImmunologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | - Emily Gurley
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
- Microbiology and ImmunologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | - Xiaojiaoyang Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
- Microbiology and ImmunologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | - Melanie B. White
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | - Andrew Fagan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | - H. Robert Lippman
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
- PathologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | - James B. Wade
- PsychiatryVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | - Phillip B. Hylemon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
- Microbiology and ImmunologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | - Jasmohan S. Bajaj
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
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Khisti R, Patidar Y, Garg L, Mukund A, Thomas SS, Sarin SK. Correlation of baseline Portal pressure (hepatic venous pressure gradient) and Indocyanine Green Clearance Test With Post-transarterial Chemoembolization Acute Hepatic Failure. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2019; 9:447-452. [PMID: 31516260 PMCID: PMC6728539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver failure (LF) is a serious complication of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This could be influenced by the hemodynamic and functional status of the underlying cirrhotic liver. We evaluated baseline hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) and indocyanine green (ICG) clearance as predictive factors for the development of LF in patients with liver cirrhosis undergoing TACE for HCC. METHODS Forty-two patients with cirrhosis and HCC, referred for TACE, were clinically evaluated including the assessment of Child Turcotte Pugh score (CTP), Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD), HVPG measurement, and ICG retention test. Predictors of development of hepatic failure after TACE were determined. RESULTS In our study population, the mean age of the patients was 58 years, with mean CTP of 6.60 ± 1.149 and mean MELD score of 9.57 ± 2.923. The mean HVPG and ICG retention at 15 min was 13.57 ± 4.64 mmHg and 21.571 ± 12.434, respectively. Post-TACE Liver Failure (PTLF within 1 month after TACE) developed in 23.80% patients, whereas 76.19% patients did not have PTLF. The statistically significant preprocedure variables that might predict hepatic failure after TACE using univariate analysis were found to be high CTP, MELD score, ICG retention, HVPG, serum bilirubin, serum creatinine, alfa-fetoprotein levels, large tumor size, and low baseline serum albumin. On multivariate analysis, ICG was an independent factor predictive of hepatic failure after TACE. CONCLUSION Pretreatment evaluation of routine liver function is of fundamental importance before TACE. Baseline ICG retention test (ICG-R15) is a marker indicating the state of liver function in patients undergoing TACE and is an independent predictor for PTLF. Our study concludes that with a cutoff of 25, ICG-R15 has 92.9% accuracy, 90% sensitivity, and 87.5% specificity to predict hepatic failure after TACE.
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Key Words
- BCLC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer
- HCC, Hepatocellular Carcinoma
- HVPG
- HVPG, Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient
- ICG clearance test
- ICG, Indocyanine green
- IRB, Institutional Review Board
- LF, Liver Failure
- MELD, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease
- PHT, Portal Hypertension
- PTLF, Post-TACE liver failure
- RFA, Radiofrequency Ablation
- ROC, Receiver operating characteristic curve
- TACE
- TACE, Transarterial chemoembolization
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Khisti
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Yashwant Patidar
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India,Address for correspondence: Yashwant Patidar, Department of Interventional Radiology, Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences, D-1 Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, 110070, India.
| | - Lalit Garg
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Amar Mukund
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sherin Sarah Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shiv K. Sarin
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Conte M, Martucci M, Sandri M, Franceschi C, Salvioli S. The Dual Role of the Pervasive "Fattish" Tissue Remodeling With Age. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:114. [PMID: 30863366 PMCID: PMC6400104 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human aging is characterized by dramatic changes in body mass composition that include a general increase of the total fat mass. Within the fat mass, a change in the proportions of adipose tissues also occurs with aging, affecting body metabolism, and playing a central role in many chronic diseases, including insulin resistance, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and type II diabetes. In mammals, fat accumulates as white (WAT) and brown (BAT) adipose tissue, which differ both in morphology and function. While WAT is involved in lipid storage and immuno-endocrine responses, BAT is aimed at generating heat. With advancing age BAT declines, while WAT increases reaching the maximum peak by early old age and changes its distribution toward a higher proportion of visceral WAT. However, lipids tend to accumulate also within lipid droplets (LDs) in non-adipose tissues, including muscle, liver, and heart. The excess of such ectopic lipid deposition and the alteration of LD homeostasis contribute to the pathogenesis of the above-mentioned age-related diseases. It is not clear why age-associated tissue remodeling seems to lean toward lipid deposition as a "default program." However, it can be noted that such remodeling is not inevitably detrimental. In fact, such a programmed redistribution of fat throughout life could be considered physiological and even protective, in particular at extreme old age. In this regard, it has to be considered that an excessive decrease of subcutaneous peripheral fat is associated with a pro-inflammatory status, and a decrease of LD is associated with lipotoxicity leading to an increased risk of insulin resistance, type II diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. At variance, a balanced rate of fat content and distribution has beneficial effects for health and metabolic homeostasis, positively affecting longevity. In this review, we will summarize the present knowledge on the mechanisms of the age-related changes in lipid distribution and we will discuss how fat mass negatively or positively impacts on human health and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Conte
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre “L. Galvani” (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Maria Conte
| | - Morena Martucci
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Sandri
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre “L. Galvani” (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Metwally K, Fouad T, Assem M, Abdelsameea E, Yousery M. Predictors of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Patients with Cirrhotic Ascites. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2018; 6:372-376. [PMID: 30637213 PMCID: PMC6328737 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2018.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a serious complication of liver cirrhosis and a prognostic model to predict it is needed. This study was designed to test the ability of different laboratory tests and the new scoring system by Wehmeyer and colleagues (consisting of age, C-reactive protein (CRP) and platelet count) to predict it. Methods: Three-hundred patients admitted to the National Liver Institute, University of Menoufia, Egypt (2015-2016) with liver cirrhosis and ascites were included in our study. SBP was diagnosed if ascetic neutrophil count was ≥250/µL with no sign of secondary peritonitis. Results: The patient population had age range of 29-81 years old, was 60% men and showed a majority (91.7%) with primary cause of liver disease being hepatitis C. By univariate analysis, associations with age, total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase level, creatinine level, international normalized ratio, model for end-stage liver disease score, total leucocytic count, platelet count and CRP level were significant. By multivariate analysis, independent predictors were age, platelet count and CRP level (p = 0.004, 0.013 and <0.001, respectively). CRP at a cut-off point ≥13.5 mg/L could predict SBP (sensitivity of 86.4% and specificity of 66.0%). Wehmeyer's SBP scoring system was predictive (p < 0.001); only 4% of patients with 0 score developed SBP (CRP cut-off of 30 mg/L), while 92.8% with score of 3 or 4 developed SBP. By using our modified Wehmeyer score with CRP cut-off value of 13.5 mg/L, no patient with 0 score developed SBP. Conclusions: Age, CRP level and platelet count are independent predictors for SBP and a scoring system including them could easily predict the condition. SBP diagnosis could be excluded in patients with 0 score, using CRP cut-off value of 13.5 mg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Metwally
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Egypt
- *Correspondence to: Khaled Metwally, Liver and Gastroenterology Unit, National Liver Institute, University of Menoufyia, Menofyia Governorate, Egypt. Tel: +20-100-0486019, Fax: + 20-48-2222740, E-mail:
| | - Tamer Fouad
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Medhat Assem
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Eman Abdelsameea
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Yousery
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Egypt
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An T, Song Y, Yang Y, Guo M, Liu H, Liu K, Wang Z. Non-HDL-cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol ratio is an independent risk factor for liver function tests abnormalities in geriatric population. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:296. [PMID: 30593279 PMCID: PMC6311027 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0940-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive lipid depositing in liver cells could induce pathophysiological development of liver. Our study aimed to assess whether non-HDL cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol ratio (NonHDLc/HDLc) is an independent risk factor for liver function tests (LFTs) abnormalities in geriatric population. Methods We enrolled 1745 eligible subjects (714 males, 1031 females) with normal liver function tests at baseline who participated in annual health checkup for liver disease in 2015. Logistic regression models were used to examine the independent relationship between NonHDLc/HDLc ratio and LFTs abnormalities. Results After one year follow-up, there were 6.1% (n = 107) participants developed new-onset LFTs abnormalities in 2016. Equally dividing participants into tertiles according to their baseline NonHDLc/HDLc ratio levels, we found compared with tertile 1, the multivariable-adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for new-onset LFTs abnormalities of tertile 3 were 2.85 (1.18–6.93), P = 0.021. In stratified analysis, compared with controls, the correlation between NonHDLc/HDLc ratio and incidence of LFTs abnormalities was more remarkable in female individuals, BMI > 24 individuals and free of diabetes individuals. Conclusion Our study suggests that NonHDLc/HDLc ratio is an independent risk factor for LFTs abnormalities in geriatric population, and assessment of NonHDLc/HDLc ratio may help early identify high risk people of liver diseases. Trial registration Trial registration in the Ethics Committee of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (IORG No: IORG0003571). Registered 3 March 2015. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12944-018-0940-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhui An
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yi Song
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Mengyuan Guo
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Stahl EC, Haschak MJ, Popovic B, Brown BN. Macrophages in the Aging Liver and Age-Related Liver Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2795. [PMID: 30555477 PMCID: PMC6284020 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of individuals aged 65 or older is projected to increase globally from 524 million in 2010 to nearly 1. 5 billion in 2050. Aged individuals are particularly at risk for developing chronic illness, while being less able to regenerate healthy tissue and tolerate whole organ transplantation procedures. In the liver, these age-related diseases include non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, hepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Hepatic macrophages, a population comprised of both Kupffer cells and infiltrating monocyte derived macrophages, are implicated in several chronic liver diseases and also play important roles in the homeostatic functions of the liver. The effects of aging on hepatic macrophage population dynamics, polarization, and function are not well understood. Studies performed on macrophages derived from other aged sources, such as the bone marrow, peritoneal cavity, lungs, and brain, demonstrate general reductions in autophagy and phagocytosis, dysfunction in cytokine signaling, and altered morphology and distribution, likely mediated by epigenetic changes and mitochondrial defects, that may be applicable to hepatic macrophages. This review highlights recent findings in macrophage developmental biology and function, particularly in the liver, and discusses the role of macrophages in various age-related liver diseases. A better understanding of the biology of aging that influences hepatic macrophages and thus the progression of chronic liver disease will be crucial in order to develop new interventions and treatments for liver disease in aging populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Stahl
- Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Martin J Haschak
- Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Branimir Popovic
- Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Bryan N Brown
- Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Li J, Wang S, Yao L, Ma P, Chen Z, Han TL, Yuan C, Zhang J, Jiang L, Liu L, Ke D, Li C, Yamahara J, Li Y, Wang J. 6-gingerol ameliorates age-related hepatic steatosis: Association with regulating lipogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 362:125-135. [PMID: 30408433 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of NAFLD increases with age. As the main active ingredient of ginger, 6-gingerol significantly improves lipid metabolism abnormalities in adult rodents. However, few studies have reported its effect on age-related NAFLD. This study was to investigate the effects of 6-gingerol on age-related hepatic steatosis and its potential targets. As expected, 6-gingerol dramatically normalized the hepatic triglyceride content, plasma insulin and HOMA-IR index of ageing rats. Mechanistically, 6-gingerol affected lipid metabolism by increasing β-oxidation and decreasing lipogenesis through activation of PPARα and CPT1α and inhibition of DGAT-2. Furthermore, 6-gingerol reversed the decreases in citrate, Cs and ATP, lessened the damage caused by ROS, and upregulated mitochondrial marker enzymes NOX, SDH, and SIRT3 in the ageing liver, indicating its ability to strengthen mitochondrial function. Our results showed 6-gingerol exerted a positive effect on insulin sensitivity by regulating Akt. In conclusion, the hepatic anti-steatotic effect of 6-gingerol is associated with inhibition of de novo lipogenesis, upregulation of fatty acid oxidation, reduction in oxidative stress and synergistic enhancement of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiu Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shang Wang
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Yao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Ma
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting-Li Han
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunlin Yuan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lirong Jiang
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dazhi Ke
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunli Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Yuhao Li
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Group, Sydney Institute of Health Sciences/Sydney Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Lee CH, Choi SH, Chung GE, Park B, Kwak MS. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with decreased lung function. Liver Int 2018; 38:2091-2100. [PMID: 29660233 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and lung function has not been fully examined. The aim of this study was to clarify the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and lung function in general population by performing cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis. METHODS Participants without hepatic and respiratory disease who underwent regular health exams including hepatic sonography and spirometry with at least 3 years' follow-up were included. In cross-sectional analysis, the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and lung function at baseline was examined with multiple regression models. The longitudinal analysis was performed by mixed linear regression models with propensity score matching. RESULTS Of 11 892 eligible participants (mean age, 47.7 years; male, 47.2%), 3815(32.1%) had nonalcoholic fatty liver disease based on sonography. In cross-sectional analysis, the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease group had lower adjusted forced expiratory volume in 1-second (men, 3.52 vs 3.44 L, P < .001; women, 2.62 vs 2.45 L, P < .001) and forced vital capacity (men, 4.33 vs 4.24 L, P < .001; women, 3.11 vs 2.97 L, P < .001) than the control group. In longitudinal analysis, during the mean follow-up period of 6.6 years, there were no significant differences in forced expiratory volume in 1-second or forced vital capacity decline rates between two groups in the propensity score-matched cohorts (n = 4558). However, those with high nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score and fibrosis-4 (men, -21.7 vs -27.4 mL/y, P = .001; women, -22.4 vs -27.9 mL/y, P = .016) showed significantly faster decline in forced vital capacity compared to those with low scores. CONCLUSIONS Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was associated with decreased lung function at baseline but was not associated with accelerated lung function decline in the propensity score-matched cohort. However, hepatic fibrosis was significantly associated with rapid forced vital capacity decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Ho Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Healthcare Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Goh Eun Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Healthcare Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Boram Park
- Department of Public Health Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Sun Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Healthcare Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Khan MS, Roberts MS. Challenges and innovations of drug delivery in older age. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 135:3-38. [PMID: 30217519 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Both drug delivery performance and various age-related physical, mental and physiological changes can affect drug effectiveness and safety in elderly patients. The many drug delivery systems developed over the years include recent novel transdermal, nasal, pulmonary and orally disintegrating tablets that provide consistent, precise, timely and more targeted drug delivery. Certain drug delivery systems may be associated with suboptimal outcomes in the elderly because of the nature of drug present, a lack of appreciation of the impact of age-related changes in drug absorption, distribution and clearance, the limited availability of pharmacokinetic, safety and clinical data. Polypharmacy, patient morbidity and poor adherence can also contribute to sub-optimal drug delivery systems outcomes in the elderly. The development of drug delivery systems for the elderly is a poorly realised opportunity, with each system having specific advantages and limitations. A key challenge is to provide the innovation that best meets the specific physiological, psychological and multiple drug requirements of individual elderly patients.
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He J, Tu C, Liu Y. Role of lncRNAs in aging and age-related diseases. Aging Med (Milton) 2018; 1:158-175. [PMID: 31942494 PMCID: PMC6880696 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is progressive physiological degeneration and consequently declined function, which is linked to senescence on both cellular and organ levels. Accumulating studies indicate that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in cellular senescence at all levels-transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational. Understanding the molecular mechanism of lncRNAs underlying senescence could facilitate interpretation and intervention of aging and age-related diseases. In this review, we describe categories of known and novel lncRNAs that have been involved in the progression of senescence. We also identify the lncRNAs implicated in diseases arising from age-driven degeneration or dysfunction in some representative organs and systems (brains, liver, muscle, cardiovascular system, bone pancreatic islets, and immune system). Improved comprehension of lncRNAs in the aging process on all levels, from cell to organismal, may provide new insights into the amelioration of age-related pathologies and prolonged healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu He
- Department of GeriatricsThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Chao Tu
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Youshuo Liu
- Department of GeriatricsThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
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El-Baz FK, Hussein RA, Abdel Jaleel GAR, Saleh DO. Astaxanthin-Rich Haematococcus pluvialis Algal Hepatic Modulation in D-Galactose-Induced Aging in Rats: Role of Nrf2. Adv Pharm Bull 2018; 8:523-528. [PMID: 30276150 PMCID: PMC6156486 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2018.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Aging is associated with hepatic morphological and physiological deterioration due to the accumulation of endogenous and exogenous free radicals and the resultant oxidative stress. The present study aims to investigate the effect of Haematococcus pluvialis microalgae on hepatic changes associated with D-galactose (D-Gal)-induced aging in rats. Methods: Aging was induced in rats by daily intraperitoneal injection of D-Gal (200 mg/kg/day) for eight consecutive weeks. D-Gal-injected rats were treated by astaxanthin (ATX)-rich H. pluvialis biomass, its carotenoid and polar fractions for two weeks. Twenty four hours after the last dose, blood samples were collected and the liver tissues were isolated for further biochemical and histopathological examinations. Results: D-Gal induced aging was associated with an elevation in serum liver function parameters, hepatic oxidative stress biomarkers viz., catalase (CAT), glutathione transferase (GST) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), as well as decreased expression of nuclear factor like-2 (Nrf2). Moreover, induction of aging exhibited an elevation of hepatic inflammatory cytokine; interleukin-6 (IL-6) and its modulator; nuclear factor Kappa B (NF-KB). However, treatment of D-Gal injected rats with ATX-rich H. pluvialis restored the serum liver function parameters as well as hepatic CAT, GST and MPO levels with an elevated expression of Nrf2. Treatment with ATX-rich H. pluvialis was also accompanied with a decrease in hepatic levels of NF-KB and IL-6. Histopathological examination emphasized all the previous results. Similarly, all trans-astaxanthin showed high affinity towards Nrf2 with -7.93 kcal/mol estimated free energy of binding as well as moderate affinities towards IL-6 and NF-KB through a docking study. Conclusion: ATX-rich H. pluvialis showed beneficial effects by ameliorating the hepatic changes associated with D-Gal induced aging in rats due to its modulatory role of the Nrf2/Keap pathway.
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Pérez-Hernández O, González-Reimers E, Quintero-Platt G, Abreu-González P, Vega-Prieto MJDL, Sánchez-Pérez MJ, Martín-González C, Martínez-Riera A, Santolaria-Fernández F. Malondialdehyde as a Prognostic Factor in Alcoholic Hepatitis. Alcohol Alcohol 2018; 52:305-310. [PMID: 28007738 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agw094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Alcoholic hepatitis is a severe complication of alcoholism, associated with high short-term mortality. Although pathogenesis remains obscure, it is generally accepted that lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine secretion with further generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) play outstanding roles. Prognosis is uncertain, and the usually employed prognostic scores do not include variables related to ROS generation. Therefore, this study was performed to assess short-term prognostic value of cytokines, nutritional status, different scores [Maddrey, model for end-stage liver disease (MELD), albumin, bilirubin, INR, creatinine index (ABIC), Lille, Glasgow, MELD-Na, Child-Pugh] and malondialdehyde (MDA, as an indicator of lipid peroxidation) at admission and after 1 week, among patients affected by severe acute alcoholic hepatitis (Maddrey index >32). Methods Sixty-two patients affected by severe acute alcoholic hepatitis, for whom we calculated Maddrey, MELD, ABIC, Lille, Glasgow, MELD-Na, Child-Pugh, and determined serum MDA and interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-4, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interferon gamma levels at admission and after 1 week. Results Twenty-four patients died during the follow-up period. MDA showed a better prognostic accuracy than the aforementioned scores, both at admission and after 1 week. Conclusion Our study supports the importance of including MDA assessment in the prognostic evaluation of patients with alcoholic hepatitis. Short summary Alcoholic hepatitis is associated with high short-term mortality. Although not included in prognostic scores, lipid peroxidation plays an outstanding role in its pathogenesis. We found that malondialdehyde levels showed a better prognostic accuracy than the usually employed scores. Therefore, it should be included in the prognostic evaluation of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onán Pérez-Hernández
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Canarias,Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Emilio González-Reimers
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Canarias,Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Geraldine Quintero-Platt
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Canarias,Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Pedro Abreu-González
- Departamento de Fisiología, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands,Spain
| | - María José de la Vega-Prieto
- Servicio de Laboratorio, Hospital Universitario de Canarias,Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - María José Sánchez-Pérez
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Canarias,Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Candelaria Martín-González
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Canarias,Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Antonio Martínez-Riera
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Canarias,Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Francisco Santolaria-Fernández
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Canarias,Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
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Adejumo AC, Ajayi TO, Adegbala OM, Adejumo KL, Alliu S, Akinjero AM, Onyeakusi NE, Ojelabi O, Bukong TN. Cannabis use is associated with reduced prevalence of progressive stages of alcoholic liver disease. Liver Int 2018; 38:1475-1486. [PMID: 29341392 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abusive alcohol use has well-established health risks including causing liver disease (ALD) characterized by alcoholic steatosis (AS), steatohepatitis (AH), fibrosis, cirrhosis (AC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Strikingly, a significant number of individuals who abuse alcohol also use Cannabis, which has seen increased legalization globally. While cannabis has demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties, its combined use with alcohol and the development of liver disease remain unclear. AIM The aim of this study was to determine the effects of cannabis use on the incidence of liver disease in individuals who abuse alcohol. METHODS We analysed the 2014 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project-Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) discharge records of patients 18 years and older, who had a past or current history of abusive alcohol use (n = 319 514). Using the International Classification of Disease, Ninth Edition codes, we studied the four distinct phases of progressive ALD with respect to three cannabis exposure groups: non-cannabis users (90.39%), non-dependent cannabis users (8.26%) and dependent cannabis users (1.36%). We accounted for the complex survey sampling methodology and estimated the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for developing AS, AH, AC and HCC with respect to cannabis use (SAS 9.4). RESULTS Our study revealed that among alcohol users, individuals who additionally use cannabis (dependent and non-dependent cannabis use) showed significantly lower odds of developing AS, AH, AC and HCC (AOR: 0.55 [0.48-0.64], 0.57 [0.53-0.61], 0.45 [0.43-0.48] and 0.62 [0.51-0.76]). Furthermore, dependent users had significantly lower odds than non-dependent users for developing liver disease. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that cannabis use is associated with a reduced incidence of liver disease in alcoholics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeyinka C Adejumo
- North Shore Medical Center, Salem, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Tokunbo O Ajayi
- Johns Hopkins Medicine, Howard County General Hospital, Columbia, MD, USA
| | - Oluwole M Adegbala
- Department of Medicine, Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood, NJ, USA
| | - Kelechi L Adejumo
- School of Public Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Samson Alliu
- Department of Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Akintunde M Akinjero
- Department of Medicine, Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood, NJ, USA
| | | | - Ogooluwa Ojelabi
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Terence N Bukong
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.,INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, QC, Canada
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238
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Hu XN, Wang JF, Huang YQ, Wang Z, Dong FY, Ma HF, Bao ZJ. Huperzine A attenuates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating hepatocyte senescence and apoptosis: an in vitro study. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5145. [PMID: 29967757 PMCID: PMC6025153 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was undertaken to detect if free fatty acids (FFA) induce hepatocyte senescence in L-02 cells and if huperzine A has an anti-aging effect in fatty liver cells. Methods L-02 cells were treated with a FFA mixture (oleate/palmitate, at 3:0, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2 and 0:3 ratios) at different concentrations. Cell viability and fat accumulation rate were assessed by a Cell Counting Kit 8 and Nile Red staining, respectively. The mixture with the highest cell viability and fat accumulation rate was selected to continue with the following experiment. The L-02 cells were divided into five groups, including the control group, FFA group, FFA + 0.1 μmol/L huperzine A (LH) group, FFA + 1.0 μmol/L huperzine A (MH) group and FFA + 10 μmol/L huperzine A (HH) group, and were cultured for 24 h. The expression of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) was detected by an SA-β-gal staining kit. The expression levels of aging genes were measured by qRT-PCR. The expression levels of apoptosis proteins were detected by a Western blot. ELISA kits were used to detect inflammatory factors and oxidative stress products. The expression of nuclear factor (NF-κB) and IκBα were detected by immunofluorescence. Results The FFA mixture (oleate/palmitate, at a 2:1 ratio) of 0.5 mmol/L had the highest cell viability and fat accumulation rate, which was preferable for establishing an in vitro fatty liver model. The expression of inflammatory factors (TNF-α and IL-6) and oxidants Malonaldehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) also increased in the L-02 fatty liver cells. The expression levels of aging markers and aging genes, such as SA-β-gal, p16, p21, p53 and pRb, increased more in the L-02 fatty liver cells than in the L-02 cells. The total levels of the apoptosis-associated proteins Bcl2, Bax, Bax/Bcl-2, CyCt and cleaved caspase 9 were also upregulated in the L-02 fatty liver cells. All of the above genes and proteins were downregulated in the huperzine A and FFA co-treatment group. In the L-02 fatty liver cells, the expression of IκBα decreased, while the expression of NF-κB increased. After the huperzine A and FFA co-treatment, the expression of IκBα increased, while the expression of NF-κB decreased. Conclusion Fatty liver cells showed an obvious senescence and apoptosis phenomenon. Huperzine A suppressed hepatocyte senescence, and it might exert its anti-aging effect via the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Na Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao-Feng Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Qin Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang-Yuan Dong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Fen Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Bao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Chaker D, Mouawad C, Azar A, Quilliot D, Achkar I, Fajloun Z, Makdissy N. Inhibition of the RhoGTPase Cdc42 by ML141 enhances hepatocyte differentiation from human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells via the Wnt5a/PI3K/miR-122 pathway: impact of the age of the donor. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:167. [PMID: 29921325 PMCID: PMC6009972 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0910-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) are promising cells that may promote hepatocyte differentiation (Hep-Dif) and improve liver function, but the involvement of Cdc42, a key small RhoGTPase which plays a crucial role in aging, is still not well established. We hypothesized that the inhibition of Cdc42 may rescue the hepatogenic potential of hADSCs derived from aged donors. Methods hADSCs isolated from 61 women of different ages were cultured for evaluation of the proliferation of cells, adherence, apoptosis, immunomodulation, immunophenotyping, multipotency, gene expression, and cell function during Hep-Dif. Inhibition of Cdc42 by ML141 was realized during two phases: initiation (days –2 to 14 (D–2/14)) from undifferentiated to hepatoblast-like cells, or maturation (days 14 to 28 (D14/28)) from undifferentiated to hepatocyte-like cells. Mechanistic insights of the Wnt(s)/MAPK/PI3K/miR-122 pathways were studied. Results Cdc42 activity in undifferentiated hADSCs showed an age-dependent significant increase in Cdc42-GTP correlated to a decrease in Cdc42GAP; the low potentials of cell proliferation, doubling, adherence, and immunomodulatory ability (proinflammatory over anti-inflammatory) contrary to the apoptotic index of the aged group were significantly reversed by ML141. Aged donor cells showed a decreased potential for Hep-Dif which was rescued by ML141 treatment, giving rise to mature and functional hepatocyte-like cells as assessed by hepatic gene expression, cytochrome activity, urea and albumin production, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake, and glycogen storage. ML141-induced Hep-Dif showed an improvement in mesenchymal-epithelial transition, a switch from Wtn-3a/β-catenin to Wnt5a signaling, involvement of PI3K/PKB but not the MAPK (ERK/JNK/p38) pathway, induction of miR-122 expression, reinforcing the exosomes release and the production of albumin, and epigenetic changes. Inhibition of PI3K and miR-122 abolished completely the effects of ML141 indicating that inhibition of Cdc42 promotes the Hep-Dif through a Wnt5a/PI3K/miR-122/HNF4α/albumin/E-cadherin-positive action. The ML141(D–2/14) protocol had more pronounced effects when compared with ML141(D14/28); inhibition of DNA methylation in combination with ML141(D–2/14) showed more efficacy in rescuing the Hep-Dif of aged hADSCs. In addition to Hep-Dif, the multipotency of aged hADSC-treated ML141 was observed by rescuing the adipocyte and neural differentiation by inducing PPARγ/FABP4 and NeuN/O4 but inhibiting Pref-1 and GFAP, respectively. Conclusion ML141 has the potential to reverse the age-related aberrations in aged stem cells and promotes their hepatogenic differentiation. Selective inhibition of Cdc42 could be a potential target of drug therapy for aging and may give new insights on the improvement of Hep-Dif. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-0910-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Chaker
- Lebanese University, Doctoral School for Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and its Applications, Tripoli, Lebanon.,Reviva Regenerative Medicine Center, Human Genetic Center, Middle East Institute of Health Hospital, Bsalim, Lebanon.,Paris Saclay University, Doctoral School, Therapeutical Innovation, Inserm UMR935, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Albert Azar
- Reviva Regenerative Medicine Center, Human Genetic Center, Middle East Institute of Health Hospital, Bsalim, Lebanon
| | - Didier Quilliot
- Diabetologia-Endocrinology & Nutrition, CHRU Nancy, INSERM 954, University Henri Poincaré de Lorraine, Faculty of Medicine, Nancy, France
| | | | - Ziad Fajloun
- Lebanese University, Doctoral School for Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and its Applications, Tripoli, Lebanon.,Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences III, Department of Biology, Kobbe, Lebanon
| | - Nehman Makdissy
- Lebanese University, Doctoral School for Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and its Applications, Tripoli, Lebanon. .,Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences III, Department of Biology, Kobbe, Lebanon.
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Löhr JM, Panic N, Vujasinovic M, Verbeke CS. The ageing pancreas: a systematic review of the evidence and analysis of the consequences. J Intern Med 2018; 283:446-460. [PMID: 29474746 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Senior people constitute the fastest growing segment of the population. The elderly are at risk for malnutrition, thought to be caused by reduced food intake or involution of the physiological capacity of the GI tract. Age-related changes are well known in other secretory organs such as liver, kidney and intestine. The pancreas, representing a metabolically active organ with uptake and breakdown of essential nutritional components, changes its morphology and function with age. During childhood, the volume of the pancreas increases, reaching a plateau between 20 and 60 years, and declines thereafter. This decline involves the pancreatic parenchyma and is associated with decreased perfusion, fibrosis and atrophy. As a consequence of these changes, pancreatic exocrine function is impaired in healthy older individuals without any gastrointestinal disease. Five per cent of people older than 70 years and ten per cent older than 80 years have pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) with a faecal elastase-1 below 200 μg g-1 stool, and 5% have severe PEI with faecal elastase-1 below 100 μg g-1 stool. This may lead to maldigestion and malnutrition. Patients may have few symptoms, for example steatorrhoea, diarrhoea, abdominal pain and weight loss. Malnutrition consists of deficits of fat-soluble vitamins and is affecting both patients with PEI and the elderly. Secondary consequences may include decreased bone mineral density and results from impaired absorption of fat-soluble vitamin D due to impaired pancreatic exocrine function. The unanswered question is whether this age-related decrease in pancreatic function warrants therapy. Therapeutic intervention, which may consist of supplementation of pancreatic enzymes and/or vitamins in aged individuals with proven exocrine pancreas insufficiency, could contribute to healthy ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-M Löhr
- Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N Panic
- University Hospital Dr. Dragisa Misovic-Dedinje, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Vujasinovic
- Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C S Verbeke
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Ling Q, Liu J, Zhuo J, Zhuang R, Huang H, He X, Xu X, Zheng S. Development of models to predict early post-transplant recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma that also integrate the quality and characteristics of the liver graft: A national registry study in China. Surgery 2018; 164:S0039-6060(18)30079-5. [PMID: 29709370 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Donor characteristics and graft quality were recently reported to play an important role in the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation. Our aim was to establish a prognostic model by using both donor and recipient variables. METHODS Data of 1,010 adult patients (training/validation: 2/1) undergoing primary liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma were extracted from the China Liver Transplant Registry database and analyzed retrospectively. A multivariate competing risk regression model was developed and used to generate a nomogram predicting the likelihood of post-transplant hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence. RESULTS Of 673 patients in the training cohort, 70 (10.4%) had hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence with a median recurrence time of 6 months (interquartile range: 4-25 months). Cold ischemia time was the only independent donor prognostic factor for predicting hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence (hazard ratio = 2.234, P = .007). The optimal cutoff value was 12 hours when patients were grouped according to cold ischemia time at 2-hour intervals. Integrating cold ischemia time into the Milan criteria (liver transplantation candidate selection criteria) improved the accuracy for predicting hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence in both training and validation sets (P < .05). A nomogram composed of cold ischemia time, tumor burden, differentiation, and α-fetoprotein level proved to be accurate and reliable in predicting the likelihood of 1-year hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplantation. Additionally, donor anti-hepatitis B core antibody positivity, prolonged cold ischemia time, and anhepatic time were linked to the intrahepatic recurrence, whereas older donor age, prolonged donor warm ischemia time, cold ischemia time, and ABO incompatibility were relevant to the extrahepatic recurrence. CONCLUSION The graft quality integrated models exhibited considerable predictive accuracy in early hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence risk assessment. The identification of donor risks can further help understand the mechanism of different patterns of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Ling
- Department of Surgery, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, China
| | - Jimin Liu
- Department of Surgery, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jianyong Zhuo
- Department of Surgery, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Runzhou Zhuang
- Department of Surgery, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Huang
- Department of Surgery, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Surgery, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, China; China Liver Transplant Registry, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Department of Surgery, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, China; China Liver Transplant Registry, Hangzhou, China.
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Garcia-Contreras C, Vazquez-Gomez M, Torres-Rovira L, Gonzalez J, Porrini E, Gonzalez-Colaço M, Isabel B, Astiz S, Gonzalez-Bulnes A. Characterization of Ageing- and Diet-Related Swine Models of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2018. [PMID: 29534532 PMCID: PMC5877684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity are currently considered major global threats for health and well-being. However, there is a lack of adequate preclinical models for their study. The present trial evaluated the suitability of aged swine by determining changes in adiposity, fatty acids composition, antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation, development of metabolic disturbances and structural changes in tissues and organs. Iberian sows with clinical evidence of aging-related sarcopenia were fed a standard diet fulfilling their maintenance requirements or an obesogenic diet for 100 days. Aging and sarcopenia were related to increased lipid accumulation and cellular dysfunction at both adipose tissue and non-adipose ectopic tissues (liver and pancreas). Obesity concomitant to sarcopenia aggravates the condition by increasing visceral adiposity and causing dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and lipotoxicity in non-adipose tissues. These results support that the Iberian swine model represents certain features of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in humans, paving the way for future research on physiopathology of these conditions and possible therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Vazquez-Gomez
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Jorge Gonzalez
- Micros Veterinaria, Campus de Vegazana, 24007 Leon, Spain.
| | - Esteban Porrini
- Institute of Biomedical Technology (ITB), Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Magali Gonzalez-Colaço
- Central Unit of Clinical Research and Clinical Assays (UCICEC), Universitary Hospital of Canary Island, 28010 Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Isabel
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Susana Astiz
- Comparative Physiology Group, SGIT-INIA, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes
- Comparative Physiology Group, SGIT-INIA, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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243
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Lu Q, Lu JW, Wu Z, Liu XM, Li JH, Dong J, Yin GZ, Lv Y, Zhang XF. Perioperative outcome of elderly versus younger patients undergoing major hepatic or pancreatic surgery. Clin Interv Aging 2018; 13:133-141. [PMID: 29416321 PMCID: PMC5790074 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s153058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to determine the safety of elderly cancer patients (≥70 years) undergoing hepatic resection (HR) or pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) in comparison with younger adults (<70 years). Methods A total of 1,012 consecutive patients undergoing HR or PD were included. The incidence and severity of morbidity were documented within 30 days postoperatively and compared between elderly and younger groups. Risk factors associated with postoperative morbidity were investigated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Elderly patients (n=111, 11.0%) had more comorbidities and worse preoperative general condition and liver function versus younger patients (n=901, 89.0%), and thus were more likely to develop infectious (eg, systemic sepsis and urinary tract infection, both p<0.01) and technical-associated complications (intraperitoneal bleeding and biliary/pancreatic fistula, p=0.029 and p=0.074, respectively). However, the incidence and severity of complications were comparable between elderly and younger patients in the whole cohort, and also in HR and PD surgery groups separately. Preoperative hemoglobin (odds ratio [OR] 1.4, p=0.007) and intraoperative blood transfusion (OR 1.9, p=0.002), rather than age, were independently associated with postoperative morbidity. Hepatitis (OR 2.9, p=0.001), preoperative hemoglobin (OR 1.6, p=0.036), and pancreatic versus hepatic surgery (OR 2.3, p=0.005) were independently associated with postoperative infectious. For elderly patients only, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score III (OR 2.1, p=0.033) and intraoperative blood transfusion (OR 3.2, p=0.030) were independently associated with postoperative morbidity. Conclusion HR and PD can be safely performed in selected elderly patients versus younger patients. Elderly patients with ASA score III or above should be cautiously selected for major surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering Research Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian-Wen Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering Research Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering Research Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xue-Min Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering Research Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian-Hui Li
- Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering Research Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian Dong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering Research Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guo-Zhi Yin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering Research Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xu-Feng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering Research Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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244
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Wong VWS, Chan WK, Chitturi S, Chawla Y, Dan YY, Duseja A, Fan J, Goh KL, Hamaguchi M, Hashimoto E, Kim SU, Lesmana LA, Lin YC, Liu CJ, Ni YH, Sollano J, Wong SKH, Wong GLH, Chan HLY, Farrell G. Asia-Pacific Working Party on Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease guidelines 2017-Part 1: Definition, risk factors and assessment. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 33:70-85. [PMID: 28670712 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Wai-Sun Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease and Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Wah-Kheong Chan
- Department of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shiv Chitturi
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Yogesh Chawla
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Yock Young Dan
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ajay Duseja
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jiangao Fan
- Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Khean-Lee Goh
- Department of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Etsuko Hashimoto
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seung Up Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Yu-Cheng Lin
- Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hepatitis Research Center and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsuan Ni
- Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jose Sollano
- University of Santo Tomas, Manila, The Philippines
| | - Simon Kin-Hung Wong
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Grace Lai-Hung Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease and Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Henry Lik-Yuen Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease and Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Geoff Farrell
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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245
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Protein and Peptides for Elderly Health. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2018; 112:265-308. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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246
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Alfaras I, Mitchell SJ, Mora H, Lugo DR, Warren A, Navas-Enamorado I, Hoffmann V, Hine C, Mitchell JR, Le Couteur DG, Cogger VC, Bernier M, de Cabo R. Health benefits of late-onset metformin treatment every other week in mice. NPJ Aging Mech Dis 2017; 3:16. [PMID: 29167747 PMCID: PMC5696465 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-017-0018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic 1% metformin treatment is nephrotoxic in mice, but this dose may nonetheless confer health benefits if given intermittently rather than continuously. Here, we examined the effects of 1% metformin given every-other week (EOW) or two consecutive weeks per month (2WM) on survival of 2-year-old male mice fed standard chow. EOW and 2WM mice had comparable life span compared with control mice. A significant reduction in body weight within the first few weeks of metformin treatment was observed without impact on food consumption and energy expenditure. Moreover, there were differences in the action of metformin on metabolic markers between the EOW and 2WM groups, with EOW metformin conferring greater benefits. Age-associated kidney lesions became more pronounced with metformin, although without pathological consequences. In the liver, metformin treatment led to an overall reduction in steatosis and was accompanied by distinct transcriptomic and metabolomic signatures in response to EOW versus 2WM regimens. Thus, the absence of adverse outcomes associated with chronic, intermittent use of 1% metformin in old mice has clinical translatability into the biology of aging in humans. Chronic daily exposure to a high dose of metformin (e.g., 1% w/w) shortens lifespan of non-diabetic mice, although in the short term this treatment confers a similar pattern of gene expression and phenotypes consistent with the benefits of caloric restriction. A team of researchers led by Rafael de Cabo at the National Institute on Aging, NIH tested whether a strategy of intermittent 1% metformin treatment in old mice alters the course of aging and avoids toxicity. They found that when metformin was given every-other-week, it significantly improved insulin sensitivity and reduced age-associated liver lesions without having a negative impact on maximum lifespan in male mice. The absence of adverse outcomes associated with the use of 1% metformin in old mice has clinical translatability into the biology of aging in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Alfaras
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Sarah J Mitchell
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Hector Mora
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Darisbeth Rosario Lugo
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Alessandra Warren
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Ignacio Navas-Enamorado
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Vickie Hoffmann
- Diagnostic & Research Services Branch, Division of Veterinary Resources, Office of Research Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-2324 USA
| | - Christopher Hine
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - James R Mitchell
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - David G Le Couteur
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, NSW Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Victoria C Cogger
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, NSW Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Michel Bernier
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
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247
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Delire B, Lebrun V, Selvais C, Henriet P, Bertrand A, Horsmans Y, Leclercq IA. Aging enhances liver fibrotic response in mice through hampering extracellular matrix remodeling. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 9:98-113. [PMID: 27941216 PMCID: PMC5310658 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Clinical data identify age as a factor for severe liver fibrosis. We evaluate whether and how aging modulates the fibrotic response in a mouse model. Liver fibrosis was induced by CCl4 injections (thrice weekly for 2 weeks) in 7 weeks- and 15 months-old mice (young and old, respectively). Livers were analyzed for fibrosis, inflammation and remodeling 48 and 96 hours after the last injection. Old mice developed more severe fibrosis compared to young ones as evaluated by sirius red morphometry. Expression of pro-fibrogenic genes was equally induced in the two age-groups but enhanced fibrolysis in young mice was demonstrated by a significantly higher Mmp13 induction and collagenase activity. While fibrosis resolution occurred in young mice within 96 hours, no significant fibrosis attenuation was observed in old mice. Although recruitment of monocytes-derived macrophages was similar in young and old livers, young macrophages had globally a remodeling phenotype while old ones, a pro-fibrogenic phenotype. Moreover, we observed a higher proportion of thick fibers and enhanced expression of enzymes involved in collagen maturation in old mice. CONCLUSION Impaired fibrolysis of a matrix less prone to remodeling associated with a pro-inflammatory phenotype of infiltrated macrophages contribute to a more severe fibrosis in old mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte Delire
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valérie Lebrun
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Selvais
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick Henriet
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Amélie Bertrand
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yves Horsmans
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc and Institute of Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle A Leclercq
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
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248
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Xing J, Spradling PR, Moorman AC, Holmberg SD, Teshale EH, Rupp LB, Gordon SC, Lu M, Boscarino JA, Schmidt MA, Trinacty CM, Xu F. A Point System to Forecast Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk Before and After Treatment Among Persons with Chronic Hepatitis C. Dig Dis Sci 2017; 62:3221-3234. [PMID: 28965221 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-017-4762-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may be difficult to determine in the clinical setting. AIM Develop a scoring system to forecast HCC risk among patients with chronic hepatitis C. METHODS Using data from the Chronic Hepatitis Cohort Study collected during 2005-2014, we derived HCC risk scores for males and females using an extended Cox model with aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) as a time-dependent variables and mean Kaplan-Meier survival functions from patient data at two study sites, and used data collected at two separate sites for external validation. For model calibration, we used the Greenwood-Nam-D'Agostino goodness-of-fit statistic to examine differences between predicted and observed risk. RESULTS Of 12,469 patients (1628 with a history of sustained viral response [SVR]), 504 developed HCC; median follow-up was 6 years. Final predictors in the model included age, alcohol abuse, interferon-based treatment response, and APRI. Point values, ranging from -3 to 14 (males) and -3 to 12 (females), were established using hazard ratios of the predictors aligned with 1-, 3-, and 5-year Kaplan-Meier survival probabilities of HCC. Discriminatory capacity was high (c-index 0.82 males and 0.84 females) and external calibration demonstrated no differences between predicted and observed HCC risk for 1-, 3-, and 5-year forecasts among males (all p values >0.97) and for 3- and 5-year risk among females (all p values >0.87). CONCLUSION This scoring system, based on age, alcohol abuse history, treatment response, and APRI, can be used to forecast up to a 5-year risk of HCC among hepatitis C patients before and after SVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xing
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Mailstop G37, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
| | - Philip R Spradling
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Mailstop G37, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA.
| | - Anne C Moorman
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Mailstop G37, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
| | - Scott D Holmberg
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Mailstop G37, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
| | - Eyasu H Teshale
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Mailstop G37, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
| | | | | | - Mei Lu
- Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Mark A Schmidt
- The Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente-Northwest, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Connie M Trinacty
- The Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente-Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Fujie Xu
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Mailstop G37, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
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249
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Diminished stress resistance and defective adaptive homeostasis in age-related diseases. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:2573-2599. [PMID: 29070521 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive homeostasis is defined as the transient expansion or contraction of the homeostatic range following exposure to subtoxic, non-damaging, signaling molecules or events, or the removal or cessation of such molecules or events (Mol. Aspects Med. (2016) 49, 1-7). Adaptive homeostasis allows us to transiently adapt (and then de-adapt) to fluctuating levels of internal and external stressors. The ability to cope with transient changes in internal and external environmental stress, however, diminishes with age. Declining adaptive homeostasis may make older people more susceptible to many diseases. Chronic oxidative stress and defective protein homeostasis (proteostasis) are two major factors associated with the etiology of age-related disorders. In the present paper, we review the contribution of impaired responses to oxidative stress and defective adaptive homeostasis in the development of age-associated diseases.
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250
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Sharma M, Ahmed A, Wong RJ. Significantly Higher Mortality Following Liver Transplantation Among Patients Aged 70 Years and Older. Prog Transplant 2017; 27:225-231. [DOI: 10.1177/1526924817715468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The age of liver transplantation recipients in the United States is steadily increasing. However, the impact of age on liver transplant outcomes has demonstrated contradictory results. Research Questions: We aim to evaluate the impact of age on survival following liver transplantation among US adults. Design: Using data from the United Network for Organ Sharing registry, we retrospectively evaluated all adults undergoing liver transplantation from 2002 to 2012 stratified by age (aged 70 years and older vs aged <70 years), presence of hepatocellular carcinoma, and hepatitis C virus status. Overall survival was evaluated with Kaplan-Meier methods and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. Results: Compared to patients aged <70 years, those aged 70 years and older had significantly lower 5-year survival following transplantation among all groups analyzed (hepatocellular carcinoma: 59.9% vs 68.6%, P < .01; nonhepatocellular carcinoma: 61.2% vs 74.2%, P < .001; hepatitis C: 60.7% vs 69.0%, P < .01; nonhepatitis C: 62.6% vs 78.5%, P < .001). On multivariate regression, patients aged 70 years and older at time of transplantation was associated with significantly higher mortality compared to those aged <70 years (hazards ratio: 1.67; 95% confidence interval: 1.48-1.87; P < .001). Conclusion: The age at the time of liver transplantation has continued to increase in the United States. However, patients aged 70 years and older had significantly higher mortality following liver transplantation. These observations are especially important given the aging cohort of patients with chronic liver disease in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mokshya Sharma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Alameda Health System, Highland Hospital, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Aijaz Ahmed
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Robert J. Wong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Alameda Health System, Highland Hospital, Oakland, CA, USA
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