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Xiao H, Zhang T, Li CJ, Cao Y, Wang LF, Chen HB, Li SC, Guan CB, Hu JZ, Chen D, Chen C, Lu HB. Mechanical stimulation promotes enthesis injury repair by mobilizing Prrx1+ cells via ciliary TGF-β signaling. eLife 2022; 11:73614. [PMID: 35475783 PMCID: PMC9094755 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper mechanical stimulation can improve rotator cuff enthesis injury repair. However, the underlying mechanism of mechanical stimulation promoting injury repair is still unknown. In this study, we found that Prrx1+ cell was essential for murine rotator cuff enthesis development identified by single-cell RNA sequence and involved in the injury repair. Proper mechanical stimulation could promote the migration of Prrx1+ cells to enhance enthesis injury repair. Meantime, TGF-β signaling and primary cilia played an essential role in mediating mechanical stimulation signaling transmission. Proper mechanical stimulation enhanced the release of active TGF-β1 to promote migration of Prrx1+ cells. Inhibition of TGF-β signaling eliminated the stimulatory effect of mechanical stimulation on Prrx1+ cell migration and enthesis injury repair. In addition, knockdown of Pallidin to inhibit TGF-βR2 translocation to the primary cilia or deletion of Ift88 in Prrx1+ cells also restrained the mechanics-induced Prrx1+ cells migration. These findings suggested that mechanical stimulation could increase the release of active TGF-β1 and enhance the mobilization of Prrx1+ cells to promote enthesis injury repair via ciliary TGF-β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xiao
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chang Jun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Feng Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hua Bin Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sheng Can Li
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chang Biao Guan
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Zhong Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Di Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Can Chen
- Department of Orthopedic, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Bin Lu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
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202
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The Synergistic Cooperation between TGF-β and Hypoxia in Cancer and Fibrosis. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050635. [PMID: 35625561 PMCID: PMC9138354 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine regulating homeostasis and immune responses in adult animals and humans. Aberrant and overactive TGF-β signaling promotes cancer initiation and fibrosis through epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as the invasion and metastatic growth of cancer cells. TGF-β is a key factor that is active during hypoxic conditions in cancer and is thereby capable of contributing to angiogenesis in various types of cancer. Another potent role of TGF-β is suppressing immune responses in cancer patients. The strong tumor-promoting effects of TGF-β and its profibrotic effects make it a focus for the development of novel therapeutic strategies against cancer and fibrosis as well as an attractive drug target in combination with immune regulatory checkpoint inhibitors. TGF-β belongs to a family of cytokines that exert their function through signaling via serine/threonine kinase transmembrane receptors to intracellular Smad proteins via the canonical pathway and in combination with co-regulators such as the adaptor protein and E3 ubiquitin ligases TRAF4 and TRAF6 to promote non-canonical pathways. Finally, the outcome of gene transcription initiated by TGF-β is context-dependent and controlled by signals exerted by other growth factors such as EGF and Wnt. Here, we discuss the synergistic cooperation between TGF-β and hypoxia in development, fibrosis and cancer.
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203
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Bronchoalveolar-Lavage-Derived Fibroblast Cell Line (B-LSDM7) as a New Protocol for Investigating the Mechanisms of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091441. [PMID: 35563747 PMCID: PMC9103910 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The use of BAL to study ILDs has improved our understanding of IPF pathogenesis. BAL fluid is routinely collected and can be considered a clinical and research tool. The procedure is well tolerated and minimally invasive. No specific cell lines from BAL or immortalized cell lines from IPF patients are available commercially. A method to quickly isolate and characterize fibroblasts from BAL is an unmet research need. Materials and methods: Here we describe a new protocol by which we isolated a cell line from IPF. The cell line was expanded in vitro and characterized phenotypically, morphologically and functionally. Results: This culture showed highly filamentous cells with an evident central nucleus. From the phenotypic point of view, this cell line displays fibroblast/myofibroblast-like features including expression of alpha-SMA, vimentin, collagen type-1 and fibronectin. The results showed high expression of ROS in these cells. Oxidative stress invariably promotes extracellular matrix expression in lung diseases directly or through over-production of pro-fibrotic growth factors. Conclusions: Our protocol makes it possible to obtain fibroblasts BAL that is a routine non-invasive method that offers the possibility of having a large sample of patients. Standardized culture methods are important for a reliable model for testing molecules and eventual novel development therapeutic targets.
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204
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Signaling cascades in the failing heart and emerging therapeutic strategies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:134. [PMID: 35461308 PMCID: PMC9035186 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00972-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic heart failure is the end stage of cardiac diseases. With a high prevalence and a high mortality rate worldwide, chronic heart failure is one of the heaviest health-related burdens. In addition to the standard neurohormonal blockade therapy, several medications have been developed for chronic heart failure treatment, but the population-wide improvement in chronic heart failure prognosis over time has been modest, and novel therapies are still needed. Mechanistic discovery and technical innovation are powerful driving forces for therapeutic development. On the one hand, the past decades have witnessed great progress in understanding the mechanism of chronic heart failure. It is now known that chronic heart failure is not only a matter involving cardiomyocytes. Instead, chronic heart failure involves numerous signaling pathways in noncardiomyocytes, including fibroblasts, immune cells, vascular cells, and lymphatic endothelial cells, and crosstalk among these cells. The complex regulatory network includes protein-protein, protein-RNA, and RNA-RNA interactions. These achievements in mechanistic studies provide novel insights for future therapeutic targets. On the other hand, with the development of modern biological techniques, targeting a protein pharmacologically is no longer the sole option for treating chronic heart failure. Gene therapy can directly manipulate the expression level of genes; gene editing techniques provide hope for curing hereditary cardiomyopathy; cell therapy aims to replace dysfunctional cardiomyocytes; and xenotransplantation may solve the problem of donor heart shortages. In this paper, we reviewed these two aspects in the field of failing heart signaling cascades and emerging therapeutic strategies based on modern biological techniques.
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205
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李 舒, 杨 启, 左 安, 田 林, 霍 金, 蒙 艳, 汤 庆, 王 伟. [Preparation of purified proteins from fresh Pheretima and their inhibitory effect against pulmonary fibrosis in mice]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022; 42:618-624. [PMID: 35527500 PMCID: PMC9085584 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.04.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a convenient method for rapid purification of fresh Pheretima proteins and assess the inhibitory effect of these proteins against pulmonary fibrosis. METHODS The crude extract of fresh Pheretima was obtained by freeze-drying method and then purified by size exclusion chromatography. The composition of the purified proteins was analyzed by mass spectrometry. MRC-5 cells were treated with 5 ng/mL TGF-β1 alone (model group) or in combination with SB431542 (2 μmol/L) or the purified proteins (13.125 μg/mL), and the cytotoxicity of purified proteins and their inhibitory effects on cell proliferation were detected with CCK8 assay. Flow cytometry was used to detect the changes in cell apoptosis, and the cellular expressions of α-SMA, Vimentin, E-cadherin, collagen I, Smad2/3 and P-Smad2/3 were detected using RT-PCR and Western blotting. In the animal experiment, adult male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to intratracheal instillation of bleomycin followed by treatment with the purified proteins (5 mg/mL) for 21 days, after which HE and Masson staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the lung tissue of the mice. RESULTS We successfully obtained purified proteins from fresh Pheretima protein by size exclusion chromatography. Treatment with the purified proteins significantly inhibited TGF-β1-induced proliferation of MRC-5 cells (P < 0.01), reduced the cellular expressions of α-SMA, Vimentin and collagen I (P < 0.001 or P < 0.01), increased the expression of E-cadherin (P < 0.01), and inhibited the expressions of Smad2/3 and P-Smad2/3 (P < 0.001 or P < 0.01). In male C57BL/6 mice models of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, treatment with the purified proteins obviously reduced the number of inflammatory cells and fibrotic area in the lungs. CONCLUSION The purified proteins from fresh Pheretima obtained by size exclusion chromatography can inhibit pulmonary fibrosis in mice by regulating the TGF-β/ Smad pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- 舒雨 李
- 南方医科大学中医药学院//广东省中药制剂重点实验室//广东省中药制剂技术工程实验室,广东 广州 510515School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University//Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics//Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 启鑫 杨
- 南方医科大学中医药学院//广东省中药制剂重点实验室//广东省中药制剂技术工程实验室,广东 广州 510515School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University//Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics//Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 安娜 左
- 南方医科大学中医药学院//广东省中药制剂重点实验室//广东省中药制剂技术工程实验室,广东 广州 510515School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University//Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics//Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 林华 田
- 黑龙江中医药科学院中药所,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150036Institute of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150036, China
| | - 金海 霍
- 黑龙江中医药科学院中药所,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150036Institute of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150036, China
| | - 艳丽 蒙
- 黑龙江中医药科学院中药所,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150036Institute of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150036, China
| | - 庆发 汤
- 南方医科大学中医药学院//广东省中药制剂重点实验室//广东省中药制剂技术工程实验室,广东 广州 510515School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University//Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics//Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 伟明 王
- 南方医科大学中医药学院//广东省中药制剂重点实验室//广东省中药制剂技术工程实验室,广东 广州 510515School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University//Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics//Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510515, China
- 黑龙江中医药科学院中药所,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150036Institute of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150036, China
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206
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Ding Y, Hou Y, Liu Y, Yu T, Cui Y, Nie H. MiR-130a-3p Alleviates Inflammatory and Fibrotic Phases of Pulmonary Fibrosis Through Proinflammatory Factor TNF-α and Profibrogenic Receptor TGF-βRII. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:863646. [PMID: 35431964 PMCID: PMC9006815 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.863646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a progressive disease characterized by extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition that destroys the normal structure of the lung parenchyma, which is classified into two successive inflammatory and fibrotic phases. To investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic roles of miR-130a-3p in mice with bleomycin (BLM)-induced PF and the underlying mechanism, we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis, which demonstrated that BLM increased/decreased the percentage of macrophages and fibroblasts/epithelial cells in PF lungs, respectively. The differentially expressed genes were enriched in PPAR signaling pathway and lysosome, ECM-receptor interaction and ribosome, and metabolism reaction. Time-course studies demonstrated that the inflammation-related factors increased significantly at day 7 (inflammatory phase), whereas the fibrosis-related factors increased at day 28 (fibrotic phase) after BLM exposure. Meanwhile, miR-130a-3p could ameliorate pulmonary lesions by downregulating the secretion of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β1) and the deposition of ECM (α-SMA, FN, HYP, and collagen) in the inflammatory and fibrotic phase, respectively. In the LPS-induced inflammatory cell model, the upregulation of miR-130a-3p was mainly achieved by the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, which suppressed the proinflammatory factor TNF-α. Comparatively, the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway was inhibited by miR-130a-3p targeting TGF-βRII in the TGF-β1-deduced fibrotic cell model. The evidence supports that miR-130a-3p exerts an anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effect in BLM-induced PF, implying a potential pharmacological agent in the therapy of PF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ding
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yapeng Hou
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tong Yu
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongguang Nie
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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207
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Menko AS, Romisher A, Walker JL. The Pro-fibrotic Response of Mesenchymal Leader Cells to Lens Wounding Involves Hyaluronic Acid, Its Receptor RHAMM, and Vimentin. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:862423. [PMID: 35386200 PMCID: PMC8977891 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.862423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic Acid/Hyaluronan (HA) is a major component of the provisional matrix deposited by cells post-wounding with roles both in regulating cell migration to repair a wound and in promoting a fibrotic outcome to wounding. Both are mediated through its receptors CD44 and RHAMM. We now showed that HA is present in the provisional matrix assembled on the substrate surface in a lens post-cataract surgery explant wound model in which mesenchymal leader cells populate the wound edges to direct migration of the lens epithelium across the adjacent culture substrate onto which this matrix is assembled. Inhibiting HA expression with 4-MU blocked assembly of FN-EDA and collagen I by the wound-responsive mesenchymal leader cells and their migration. These cells express both the HA receptors CD44 and RHAMM. CD44 co-localized with HA at their cell-cell interfaces. RHAMM was predominant in the lamellipodial protrusions extended by the mesenchymal cells at the leading edge, and along HA fibrils organized on the substrate surface. Within a few days post-lens wounding the leader cells are induced to transition to αSMA+ myofibroblasts. Since HA/RHAMM is implicated in both cell migration and inducing fibrosis we examined the impact of blocking HA synthesis on myofibroblast emergence and discovered that it was dependent on HA. While RHAMM has not been previously linked to the intermediate filament protein vimentin, our studies with these explant cultures have shown that vimentin in the cells’ lamellipodial protrusions regulate their transition to myofibroblast. PLA studies now revealed that RHAMM was complexed with both HA and vimentin in the lamellipodial protrusions of leader cells, implicating this HA/RHAMM/vimentin complex in the regulation of leader cell function post-wounding, both in promoting cell migration and in the transition of these cells to myofibroblasts. These results increase our understanding of how the post-wounding matrix environment interacts with receptor/cytoskeletal complexes to determine whether injury outcomes are regenerative or fibrotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sue Menko
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Alison Romisher
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Janice L Walker
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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208
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HU X, LI S, YANG D, GU N, LIU J, WANG Y, LIU L, SUN Y. Modified Gexiazhuyu decoction alleviates chronic salpingitis p38 signaling pathway. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2022; 42:213-220. [PMID: 35473341 PMCID: PMC9924770 DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate pharmacodynamic effects of modified Gexiazhuyu decoction (MGXZYD) and explore the underlying mechanism in the treatment of chronic salpingitis METHODS: Chronic salpingitis model rats were firstly constructed and the blood was collected to detect the whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity. Rat oviduct were collected to evaluate the macroscopic damage and the pathological injury and fibrosis of oviduct by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson staining. Elisa assay was to detect the production interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) in serum and collagen I (COL-1), matrix metalloprotein 9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1) in oviduct tissue. And immunohistochemical staining with MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in oviduct tissue were examined. Western blot was used to detect the expressions of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38MAPK), phospho-p38MPAK (p-p38MPAK), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in oviduct. The expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), p-p38MPAK, in oviduct tissue were detected by immunofluorescence method. The mRNA of p-p38MAPK, α -SMA, COL-1, MMP-9, TIMP-1 was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Rats administrated with MGXZYD demonstrated decreased the whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity. MGXZYD obviously improved the tubal wall thickening, swelling and pelvic adhesion. And HE and Masson staining showed MGXZYD improved the pathological injury and fibrosis of oviduct. The results of MTT assay and flow cytometry indicated that MGXZYD could decreased the NIN-3T3 cells viability and improved the apoptosis. Besides, MGXZYD inhibited the protein and / or mRNA of TGF-β1, IL-1β, COL-1, α-SMA, p-p38MAPK expressions and increased the production of MMP-9/TIMP-1. CONCLUSION MGXZYD could prevent the progression of chronic salpingitis by inhibited the fibrocyte and inflammation which inhibited the p38 MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijiao HU
- 1 Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang 150001, China
- 5 Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Shuoxi LI
- 2 Jiamusi College of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang 154000, China
| | - Dongxia YANG
- 3 Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Na GU
- 4 General Hospital of Heilongjiang Forest Industry, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Jinzhe LIU
- 5 Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Yawen WANG
- 5 Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Li LIU
- 6 First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang 150040, China
- LIU Li, the First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang 150040, China.
| | - Yiming SUN
- 7 Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Heilongjiang 150036, China
- SUN Yiming, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Heilongjiang 150036, China.
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Auyeung VC, Downey MS, Thamsen M, Wenger TA, Backes BJ, Sheppard D, Papa FR. IRE1α drives lung epithelial progenitor dysfunction to establish a niche for pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L564-L580. [PMID: 35170357 PMCID: PMC8957349 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00408.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
After lung injury, damage-associated transient progenitors (DATPs) emerge, representing a transitional state between injured epithelial cells and newly regenerated alveoli. DATPs express profibrotic genes, suggesting that they might promote idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, the molecular pathways that induce and/or maintain DATPs are incompletely understood. Here we show that the bifunctional kinase/RNase-IRE1α-a central mediator of the unfolded protein response (UPR) to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a critical promoter of DATP abundance and function. Administration of a nanomolar-potent, monoselective kinase inhibitor of IRE1α (KIRA8)-or conditional epithelial IRE1α gene knockout-both reduce DATP cell number and fibrosis in the bleomycin model, indicating that IRE1α cell-autonomously promotes transition into the DATP state. IRE1α enhances the profibrotic phenotype of DATPs since KIRA8 decreases expression of integrin αvβ6, a key activator of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) in pulmonary fibrosis, corresponding to decreased TGF-β-induced gene expression in the epithelium and decreased collagen accumulation around DATPs. Furthermore, IRE1α regulates DNA damage response (DDR) signaling, previously shown to promote the DATP phenotype, as IRE1α loss-of-function decreases H2AX phosphorylation, Cdkn1a (p21) expression, and DDR-associated secretory gene expression. Finally, KIRA8 treatment increases the differentiation of Krt19CreERT2-lineage-traced DATPs into type 1 alveolar epithelial cells after bleomycin injury, indicating that relief from IRE1α signaling enables DATPs to exit the transitional state. Thus, IRE1α coordinates a network of stress pathways that conspire to entrap injured cells in the DATP state. Pharmacological blockade of IRE1α signaling helps resolve the DATP state, thereby ameliorating fibrosis and promoting salutary lung regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent C Auyeung
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Michael S Downey
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Maike Thamsen
- Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Talia A Wenger
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Bradley J Backes
- Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Dean Sheppard
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Feroz R Papa
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
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210
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Li S, Yang Q, Chen F, Tian L, Huo J, Meng Y, Tang Q, Wang W. The antifibrotic effect of pheretima protein is mediated by the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathway and attenuates inflammation in bleomycin-induced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 286:114901. [PMID: 34890730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pheretima is a traditional Chinese medicine that could treat various lung diseases such as asthma, pneumonia, and lung cancer effectively; however, limited studies on the use of Pheretima protein in the treatment of lung diseases have been conducted to date. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to explain the antipulmonary fibrosis mechanism of the Pheretima protein and elucidate its possible cell signaling pathways. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fresh pheretima was freeze-dried to obtain the Pheretima protein. Divide C57BL/6 mice into control and bleomycin (BLM)-induced models, pirfenidone, and Pheretima protein-treatment groups. Three weeks later, they were treated with H&E and Masson's trichrome staining to assess lung injury and fibrosis. Pulmonary fibrosis was assessed using immunohistochemistry (IHC), realtime-PCR (RT-PCR), and western blotting. Inflammation was assessed using the alveolar lavage fluid. RESULTS Pheretima protein inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and reduced inflammation. It also reduced the levels of Smad2/3, pSmad2/3, and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1). Thus, our results indicate that Pheretima protein can alleviate BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in a mouse model. CONCLUSION Pheretima protein inhibits ECM, EMT, and antiinflammatory markers, which in turn ameliorates BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicated that Pheretima protein can exert its biological activity by downregulating the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine, Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology Institue of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Qixin Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine, Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology Institue of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Feilong Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine, Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology Institue of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Linhua Tian
- Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, 150036, China
| | - Jinhai Huo
- Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, 150036, China
| | - Yanli Meng
- Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, 150036, China
| | - Qingfa Tang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine, Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology Institue of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China.
| | - Weiming Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine, Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology Institue of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China; Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, 150036, China.
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Cancer Cells Promote Phenotypic Alterations in Hepatocytes at the Edge of Cancer Cell Nests to Facilitate Vessel Co-Option Establishment in Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051318. [PMID: 35267627 PMCID: PMC8909291 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tumour cells in colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLM) obtain their blood supply via two major mechanisms: (i) sprouting angiogenesis, through the generation of new vessels; (ii) vessel co-option, where the cancer cells hijack the pre-existing vasculature. The current treatment for CRCLM targets angiogenesis; however, these treatments are ineffective on cancer cells utilizing vessel co-option to gain their blood supply. Our study suggests that cancer cells stimulate phenotypic alterations in the cells of surrounding liver tissue (hepatocytes) in vessel co-opting lesions. These modifications facilitate cancer cells to infiltrate through the liver tissue and hijack the pre-existing vasculature to obtain oxygen and nutrients. Abstract Vessel co-option is correlated with resistance against anti-angiogenic therapy in colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLM). Vessel co-opting lesions are characterized by highly motile cancer cells that move toward and along the pre-existing vessels in the surrounding nonmalignant tissue and co-opt them to gain access to nutrients. To access the sinusoidal vessels, the cancer cells in vessel co-opting lesions must displace the hepatocytes and occupy their space. However, the mechanisms underlying this displacement are unknown. Herein, we examined the involvement of apoptosis, autophagy, motility, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathways in hepatocyte displacement by cancer cells. We demonstrate that cancer cells induce the expression of the proteins that are associated with the upregulation of apoptosis, motility, and EMT in adjacent hepatocytes in vitro and in vivo. Accordingly, we observe the upregulation of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and actin-related protein 2/3 (ARP2/3) in adjacent hepatocytes to cancer cell nests, while we notice a downregulation of E-cadherin. Importantly, the knockdown of runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) in cancer cells attenuates the function of cancer cells in hepatocytes alterations in vitro and in vivo. Altogether, our data suggest that cancer cells exploit various mechanisms to displace hepatocytes and access the sinusoidal vessels to establish vessel co-option.
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Interleukin-19 Aggravates Pulmonary Fibrosis via Activating Fibroblast through TGF-β/Smad Pathway. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:6755407. [PMID: 35281428 PMCID: PMC8913154 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6755407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal interstitial pneumonia disease with no cure. Communication between injured cells is triggered and maintained by a complicated network of cytokines and their receptors. IL-19 is supported by increasing evidences for a deleterious role in respiratory diseases. However, its potential role in lung fibrosis has never been explored. Methods. Bioinformatic, immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis were used to assess the expression of IL-19 in human and mouse fibrosis lung tissues. CCK-8, transwell and flow cytometry assay were utilized to analyze the effect of IL-19 on biological behaviors of lung fibroblasts. Histopathology was used to elucidate profibrotic effect of IL-19 in vivo. Results. IL-19 was upregulated in fibrosis lung tissues. IL-19 promoted lung fibroblasts proliferation and invasion, inhibited cell apoptosis, and induced differentiation of fibroblasts to the myofibroblast phenotype, which could be revised by LY2109761, a TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway inhibitor. Furthermore, we found that IL-19 aggravated lung fibrosis in murine bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Conclusions. Our results imply the profibrotic role for IL-19 through direct effects on lung fibroblasts and the potential of targeting IL-19 for therapeutic intervention in pulmonary fibrosis.
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Zhao M, Yang B, Li L, Si Y, Chang M, Ma S, Li R, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Efficacy of Modified Huangqi Chifeng decoction in alleviating renal fibrosis in rats with IgA nephropathy by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway through exosome regulation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 285:114795. [PMID: 34737009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE IgA nephropathy is the most common form of primary glomerulonephritis and is a major cause of renal failure worldwide. Modified Huangqi Chifeng decoction (MHCD), a traditional Chinese herbal preparation, has clinical efficacy in reducing the 24-h urine protein levels in patients with IgA nephropathy. However, the molecular mechanism of MHCD needs further study. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms by which MHCD treatment alleviates renal fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS An IgA nephropathy rat model was established using bovine serum albumin, carbon tetrachloride, and lipopolysaccharide. The rats were divided into control, model, telmisartan, low-dose MHCD, medium-dose MHCD, and high-dose MHCD groups. Treatments were administered to these groups for 8 weeks. Subsequently, the 24-h urine protein, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and blood albumin levels were measured. Pathological changes and degree of fibrosis in renal tissues were observed, and levels of the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/Smad3 signaling pathway components in renal tissues and TGF-β1 in urinary exosomes were measured. RESULTS Telmisartan and MHCD reduced 24-h urine protein levels, alleviated renal pathological injury, and decreased the renal expression of fibronectin, laminin, and collagen IV in rats with IgA nephropathy. Urinary exosomes were extracted and identified for further investigation of their role in renal fibrosis. MHCD reduced TGF-β1 expression in urinary exosomes and reduced TGF-β1 and p-Smad3 levels in renal tissues. CONCLUSION MHCD alleviated renal fibrosis in rats with IgA nephropathy by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway through the downregulation of TGF-β1 expression in exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Pathology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Liusheng Li
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yuan Si
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Meiying Chang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Sijia Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Ronghai Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yuejun Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Aged Care Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.
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Wilson AC, Chiles J, Ashish S, Chanda D, Kumar PL, Mobley JA, Neptune ER, Thannickal VJ, McDonald MLN. Integrated bioinformatics analysis identifies established and novel TGFβ1-regulated genes modulated by anti-fibrotic drugs. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3080. [PMID: 35197532 PMCID: PMC8866468 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07151-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although fibrosis may involve different organ systems, transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) has been established as a master regulator of fibrosis across organs. Pirfenidone and Nintedanib are the only currently-approved drugs to treat fibrosis, specifically idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, but their mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. To identify novel drug targets and uncover potential mechanisms by which these drugs attenuate fibrosis, we performed an integrative 'omics analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic responses to TGFβ1-stimulated lung fibroblasts. Significant findings were annotated as associated with pirfenidone and nintedanib treatment in silico via Coremine. Integrative 'omics identified a co-expressed transcriptomic and proteomic module significantly correlated with TGFβ1 treatment that was enriched (FDR-p = 0.04) with genes associated with pirfenidone and nintedanib treatment. While a subset of genes in this module have been implicated in fibrogenesis, several novel TGFβ1 signaling targets were identified. Specifically, four genes (BASP1, HSD17B6, CDH11, and TNS1) have been associated with pirfenidone, while five genes (CLINT1, CADM1, MTDH, SYDE1, and MCTS1) have been associated with nintedanib, and MYDGF has been implicated with treatment using both drugs. Using the Clue Drug Repurposing Hub, succinic acid was highlighted as a metabolite regulated by the protein encoded by HSD17B6. This study provides new insights into the anti-fibrotic actions of pirfenidone and nintedanib and identifies novel targets for future mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava C. Wilson
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA ,grid.265892.20000000106344187Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Joe Chiles
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Shah Ashish
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Diptiman Chanda
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Preeti L. Kumar
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - James A. Mobley
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Enid R. Neptune
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Victor J. Thannickal
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA ,grid.265219.b0000 0001 2217 8588John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Merry-Lynn N. McDonald
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA ,grid.265892.20000000106344187Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA ,grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
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Wang F, Min J, Ge C. Letter by Wang et al Regarding Article, "HINT1 (Histidine Triad Nucleotide-Binding Protein 1) Attenuates Cardiac Hypertrophy Via Suppressing HOXA5 (Homeobox A5) Expression". Circulation 2022; 145:e149-e150. [PMID: 35188795 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.057235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fudi Wang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Cancer Center, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (F.W.,J.M.,C.G.).,The First Affiliated Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China (F.W.)
| | - Junxia Min
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Cancer Center, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (F.W.,J.M.,C.G.)
| | - Chaodong Ge
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Cancer Center, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (F.W.,J.M.,C.G.)
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216
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An S, Li Y, Jia X, Yang Y, Jia X, Jia X, Xue W. Ponicidin attenuates streptozotocin‐induced diabetic nephropathy in rats via modulating hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e22988. [PMID: 35187780 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuqiang An
- Kidney Transplantation The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an City China
- Department of Nephropathy Shijiazhuang Pingan Hospital Shijiazhuang City China
| | - Yang Li
- Kidney Transplantation The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an City China
| | - Xiaojing Jia
- Department of Internal Medicine Zhaoxian Industrial Park Hospital Shijiazhuang City China
| | - Yaqin Yang
- Department of Blood Purification The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University Zhangjiakou City China
| | - Xiaojuan Jia
- Department of Internal Medicine Zhaoxian Industrial Park Hospital Shijiazhuang City China
| | - Xiaozhao Jia
- Department of Internal Medicine Zhaoxian Industrial Park Hospital Shijiazhuang City China
| | - Wujun Xue
- Kidney Transplantation The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an City China
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217
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Liu Y, Ma Z, Huang Z, Zou D, Li J, Feng P. MiR-122-5p promotes peritoneal fibrosis in a rat model of peritoneal dialysis by targeting Smad5 to activate Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Ren Fail 2022; 44:191-203. [PMID: 35170385 PMCID: PMC8856067 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2022.2030360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal fibrosis (PF) is the main reason leading to declining efficiency and ultrafiltration failure of peritoneum, which restricts the application of peritoneal dialysis (PD). We aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of miR-122-5p on the PF. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were infused with glucose-based standard PD fluid to establish PF model. HE staining was performed to evaluate the extent of PF. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were performed to measure the expression level of miR-122-5p. Western blot was used to test the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-A, Fibronectin 1 (FN1), extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1), Smad5, α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), collagen type 1(COL-1), Vimentin, E-Cadherin, Wnt1, β-catenin, p-β-catenin, c-Myc, c-Jun, and Cyclin D1. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was used to detect type I collagen alpha 1 (Col1α1), α-SMA, and E-Cadherin expression. We found PF was glucose concentration-dependently enhanced in peritoneum of PD rat. The PD rats showed increased miR-122-5p and decreased Smad5 expression. MiR-122-5p silencing improved PF and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in PD rats. MiR-122-5p silencing attenuated the activity of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Importantly, dual-luciferase reporter assay showed Smad5 was a target gene of miR-122-5p. Smad5 overexpression significantly reversed the increases of PF and EMT progression induced by miR-122-5p overexpression. Moreover, miR-122-5p mimic activated Wnt/β-catenin activity, which was blocked by Smad5 overexpression. Overall, present results demonstrated that miR-122-5p overexpression showed a deterioration effect on PD-related PF by targeting Smad5 to activate Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Xining No.1 People's Hospital, Xining, PR China
| | - Zhihong Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Xining No.1 People's Hospital, Xining, PR China
| | - Zhenxing Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Xining No.1 People's Hospital, Xining, PR China
| | - Dongmei Zou
- Department of Endocrinology, Xining No.1 People's Hospital, Xining, PR China
| | - Junbin Li
- Department of Nephrology, Xining No.1 People's Hospital, Xining, PR China
| | - Ping Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Xining No.1 People's Hospital, Xining, PR China
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Shi N, Wang Z, Zhu H, Liu W, Zhao M, Jiang X, Zhao J, Ren C, Zhang Y, Luo L. Research progress on drugs targeting the TGF-β signaling pathway in fibrotic diseases. Immunol Res 2022; 70:276-288. [PMID: 35147920 PMCID: PMC9197809 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-022-09267-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tissue fibrosis is a key factor leading to disability and death worldwide; however, thus far, there are no approved treatments for fibrosis. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a major pro-fibrotic cytokine, which is expected to become a target in the treatment of fibrosis; however, since TGF-β has a wide range of biological functions involving a variety of biological processes in the body, a slight change in TGF-β may have a systematic effect. Indiscriminate inhibition of TGF-β can lead to adverse reactions, which can affect the efficacy of treatment. Therefore, it has become very important to explore how both the TGF-β signaling pathway is inhibited and the safe and efficient TGF-β small molecule inhibitors or neutralizing antibodies are designed in the treatment of fibrotic diseases. In this review, we mainly discuss the key role of the TGF-β signaling pathway in fibrotic diseases, as well as the development of fibrotic drugs in recent years, and explore potential targets in the treatment of fibrotic diseases in order to guide subsequent drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Zhihong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Taiping Road #27, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Hecheng Zhu
- Changsha Kexin Cancer Hospital, Changsha, 410205, Hunan, China
| | - Weidong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Changsha Kexin Cancer Hospital, Changsha, 410205, Hunan, China
| | - Xingjun Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Caiping Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Medical Center, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.
| | - Longlong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Taiping Road #27, Beijing, 100850, China.
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Wu Y, Cui S, Wang W, Jian T, Kan B, Jian X. Kidney and lung injury in rats following acute diquat exposure. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:275. [PMID: 35251341 PMCID: PMC8892614 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diquat (1,1'-ethylene-2,2'-bipyridylium) is a type of widely used agricultural chemical, whose toxicity results in damage to numerous tissues, including the lung, liver, kidney and brain. The aim of the present study was to establish a rat model of acute diquat exposure and explore the relationship between diquat concentration, and kidney and lung injury, in order to provide an experimental basis for clinical treatment. A total of 140 healthy adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control and exposure groups. The diquat solution was administered intragastrically to the exposure group at 1/2 of the lethal dose (140 mg/kg). An equal volume of water was administered to the control group. The dynamic changes in the plasma and tissue diquat levels were quantitatively determined at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 24 h following exposure using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The content of hydroxyproline (HYP) in the lung tissues, as well as the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), uric acid (UA), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and tumor growth factor (TGF)-β1, were detected using western blot analysis at every time point. Lung and kidney morphology were also assessed. Electron microscopy showed that the degree of renal damage gradually increased with time. Vacuolation gradually increased, some mitochondrial bilayer membrane structures disappeared and lysosomes increased. The lung tissue damage was mild, and the cell membrane integrity and organelles were damaged to varying degrees. The plasma and organ levels of diquat peaked at ~2 h, followed by a steady decrease, depending on the excretion rate. Over time, the serum concentrations of UA, BUN, Cr and KIM-1 were all significantly increased (P<0.05). Serum KIM-1 in rats was increased after 0.5 h, and was significantly increased after 4 h, suggesting that KIM-1 is an effective predictor of early renal injury. Early TGF-β1 expression was clearly observed in renal tissue, while no clear TGF-β1 expression was observed in the lung tissue. In conclusion, the concentration of diquat in the serum and tissue of rats with acute diquat poisoning peaked at an early stage and then rapidly decreased. The renal function damage and pathological changes persisted, the lung tissue was slightly damaged with inflammatory cell infiltration, and early pulmonary fibrosis injury was not obvious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzheng Wu
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Diseases, Emergency Department, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Siqi Cui
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Diseases, Emergency Department, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Diseases, Emergency Department, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Tianzi Jian
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Diseases, Emergency Department, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Baotian Kan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xiangdong Jian
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Diseases, Emergency Department, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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Xu J, Yu X, Ye H, Gao S, Deng N, Lu Y, Lin H, Zhang Y, Lu D. Comparative Metabolomics and Proteomics Reveal Vibrio parahaemolyticus Targets Hypoxia-Related Signaling Pathways of Takifugu obscurus. Front Immunol 2022; 12:825358. [PMID: 35095928 PMCID: PMC8793131 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.825358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) raises the issue of how hypoxia destroys normal physiological function and host immunity against pathogens. However, there are few or no comprehensive omics studies on this effect. From an evolutionary perspective, animals living in complex and changeable marine environments might develop signaling pathways to address bacterial threats under hypoxia. In this study, the ancient genomic model animal Takifugu obscurus and widespread Vibrio parahaemolyticus were utilized to study the effect. T. obscurus was challenged by V. parahaemolyticus or (and) exposed to hypoxia. The effects of hypoxia and infection were identified, and a theoretical model of the host critical signaling pathway in response to hypoxia and infection was defined by methods of comparative metabolomics and proteomics on the entire liver. The changing trends of some differential metabolites and proteins under hypoxia, infection or double stressors were consistent. The model includes transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling pathways, and the consistent changing trends indicated that the host liver tended toward cell proliferation. Hypoxia and infection caused tissue damage and fibrosis in the portal area of the liver, which may be related to TGF-β1 signal transduction. We propose that LRG (leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein) is widely involved in the transition of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway in response to hypoxia and pathogenic infection in vertebrates as a conserved molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hangyu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songze Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Niuniu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuyou Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoran Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,College of Ocean, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danqi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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221
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Zhao B, Wang W, Liu Y, Guan S, Wang M, Song F, Shangguan W, Miao S, Zhang X, Liu H, Liu E, Liang X. Establishment of a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network in a rat model of atrial fibrosis by whole transcriptome sequencing. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2022; 63:723-736. [DOI: 10.1007/s10840-022-01120-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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222
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Wu J, Feng Z, Chen L, Li Y, Bian H, Geng J, Zheng ZH, Fu X, Pei Z, Qin Y, Yang L, Zhao Y, Wang K, Chen R, He Q, Nan G, Jiang X, Chen ZN, Zhu P. TNF antagonist sensitizes synovial fibroblasts to ferroptotic cell death in collagen-induced arthritis mouse models. Nat Commun 2022; 13:676. [PMID: 35115492 PMCID: PMC8813949 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27948-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a nonapoptotic cell death process that requires cellular iron and the accumulation of lipid peroxides. In progressive rheumatoid arthritis (RA), synovial fibroblasts proliferate abnormally in the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and elevated lipid oxidation. Here we show, using a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model, that imidazole ketone erastin (IKE), a ferroptosis inducer, decreases fibroblast numbers in the synovium. Data from single-cell RNA sequencing further identify two groups of fibroblasts that have distinct susceptibility to IKE-induced ferroptosis, with the ferroptosis-resistant fibroblasts associated with an increased TNF-related transcriptome. Mechanistically, TNF signaling promotes cystine uptake and biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH) to protect fibroblasts from ferroptosis. Lastly, low dose IKE together with etanercept, a TNF antagonist, induce ferroptosis in fibroblasts and attenuate arthritis progression in the CIA model. Our results thus imply that the combination of TNF inhibitors and ferroptosis inducers may serve as a potential candidate for RA therapy. Expansion of synovial fibroblast is associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) progression, but how this expansion is regulated is still not clear. Here the authors use a mouse RA model, single cell RNA sequencing and in vitro analyses to show that inducing ferroptosis and suppressing TNF signaling reduce fibroblast numbers and ameliorate experimental arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China. .,National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China. .,Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Zhuan Feng
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Chen
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Li
- Xijing 986 Hospital Department, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huijie Bian
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiejie Geng
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Zheng
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xianghui Fu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhuo Pei
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yifei Qin
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liu Yang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yilin Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ke Wang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruo Chen
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian He
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gang Nan
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Zhi-Nan Chen
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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223
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Tanigami Y, Kawai Y, Kaba S, Uozumi R, Ohnishi H, Kita T, Omori K, Kishimoto Y. Establishment of a radiation-induced vocal fold fibrosis mouse model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 601:31-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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224
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Bambakidis T, Dekker SE, Williams AM, Biesterveld BE, Bhatti UF, Liu B, Li Y, Pickell Z, Buller B, Alam HB. Early Treatment With a Single Dose of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Extracellular Vesicles Modulates the Brain Transcriptome to Create Neuroprotective Changes in a Porcine Model of Traumatic Brain Injury and Hemorrhagic Shock. Shock 2022; 57:281-290. [PMID: 34798633 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-based therapies using mesenchymal stem cell derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) improve neurologic outcomes in animal models of traumatic brain injury (TBI), stroke, and hemorrhage. Using a porcine 7-day survival model of TBI and hemorrhagic shock (HS), we previously demonstrated that EV-treatment was associated with reduced brain lesion size, neurologic severity score, and cerebral inflammation. However, the underlying cellular and genomic mechanisms remain poorly defined. We hypothesize that EV treatment modulates the brain transcriptome to enhance neuroprotection and neurorestoration following TBI + HS. METHODS Swine were subjected to severe TBI (8-mm cortical impact) and HS (40% blood volume). After 1 h of shock, animals were randomized (n = 4/group) to treatment with either lactated Ringer's (LR) or LR + EV. Both groups received fluid resuscitation after 2 h of shock, and autologous packed red blood cells 5 h later.After 7-days, brains were harvested and RNA-sequencing was performed. The transcriptomic data were imported into the iPathway pipeline for bioinformatics analyses. RESULTS 5,273 genes were differentially expressed in the LR + EV group versus LR alone (total 9,588 measured genes). Genes with the greatest upregulation were involved in synaptic transmission and neuronal development and differentiation, while downregulated genes were involved in inflammation. GO-terms experiencing the greatest modulation were involved in inflammation, brain development, and cell adhesion. Pathway analysis revealed significant modulation in the glutamatergic and GABAergic systems. Network analysis revealed downregulation of inflammation, and upregulation of neurogenesis, and neuron survival and differentiation. CONCLUSIONS In a porcine model of TBI + HS, EV treatment was associated with an attenuation of cerebral inflammatory networks and a promotion of neurogenesis and neuroplasticity. These transcriptomic changes could explain the observed neuroprotective and neurorestorative properties associated with EV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted Bambakidis
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Simone E Dekker
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Aaron M Williams
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Umar F Bhatti
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Baoling Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yongqing Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Zachary Pickell
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Benjamin Buller
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Hasan B Alam
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The pathological remodeling of cardiac tissue after injury or disease leads to scar formation. Our knowledge of the role of nonmyocytes, especially fibroblasts, in cardiac injury and repair continues to increase with technological advances in both experimental and clinical studies. Here, we aim to elaborate on cardiac fibroblasts by describing their origins, dynamic cellular states after injury, and heterogeneity in order to understand their role in cardiac injury and repair. RECENT FINDINGS With the improvement in genetic lineage tracing technologies and the capability to profile gene expression at the single-cell level, we are beginning to learn that manipulating a specific population of fibroblasts could mitigate severe cardiac fibrosis and promote cardiac repair after injury. Cardiac fibroblasts play an indispensable role in tissue homeostasis and in repair after injury. Activated fibroblasts or myofibroblasts have time-dependent impacts on cardiac fibrosis. Multiple signaling pathways are involved in modulating fibroblast states, resulting in the alteration of fibrosis. Modulating a specific population of cardiac fibroblasts may provide new opportunities for identifying novel treatment options for cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China. .,School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
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226
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Chen R, Lv C, Zhao X, Ma D, Lai D, Zhao Y, Zhang L, Tou J. Expression and possible role of Smad3 in postnecrotizing enterocolitis stricture. WORLD JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY 2022; 5:e000289. [DOI: 10.1136/wjps-2021-000289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of Smad3 (mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3) protein in postnecrotizing enterocolitis stricture and its possible mechanism of action.MethodsWe used immunohistochemistry to detect the expression characteristics of Smad3 and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) proteins in human postnecrotizing enterocolitis stricture. We cultured IEC-6 (crypt epithelial cells of rat small intestine) in vitro and inhibited the expression of Smad3 using siRNA technique. Quantitative PCR, western blotting, and ELISA were used to detect the changes in transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), NF-κB, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expressions in IEC-6 cells. CCK8 kit and Transwell cellular migration were used to detect cell proliferation and migration. Changes in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers (E-cadherin and vimentin) in IEC-6 cells were detected by immunofluorescence technique.ResultsThe results showed that Smad3 protein and NF-κB protein were overexpressed in narrow intestinal tissues and that Smad3 protein expression was positively correlated with NF-κB protein expression. After inhibiting the expression of Smad3 in IEC-6 cells, the mRNA expressions of NF-κB, TGF-β1, ZO-1, and VEGF decreased, whereas the mRNA expression of TNF-α did not significantly change. TGF-β1, NF-κB, and TNF-α protein expressions in IEC-6 cells decreased, whereas ZO-1 and intracellular VEGF protein expressions increased. IEC-6 cell proliferation and migration capacity decreased. There was no significant change in protein expression levels of EMT markers E-cadherin and vimentin and also extracellular VEGF protein expression.ConclusionsWe suspect that the high expression of Smad3 protein in postnecrotizing enterocolitis stricture may promote the occurrence and development of secondary intestinal stenosis. The mechanism may be related to the regulation of TGF-β1, NF-κB, TNF-α, ZO-1, and VEGF mRNA and protein expression. This may also be related to the ability of Smad3 to promote epithelial cell proliferation and migration.
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227
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Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) isoforms are upregulated and activated in myocardial diseases and have an important role in cardiac repair and remodelling, regulating the phenotype and function of cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, immune cells and vascular cells. Cardiac injury triggers the generation of bioactive TGFβ from latent stores, through mechanisms involving proteases, integrins and specialized extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Activated TGFβ signals through the SMAD intracellular effectors or through non-SMAD cascades. In the infarcted heart, the anti-inflammatory and fibroblast-activating actions of TGFβ have an important role in repair; however, excessive or prolonged TGFβ signalling accentuates adverse remodelling, contributing to cardiac dysfunction. Cardiac pressure overload also activates TGFβ cascades, which initially can have a protective role, promoting an ECM-preserving phenotype in fibroblasts and preventing the generation of injurious, pro-inflammatory ECM fragments. However, prolonged and overactive TGFβ signalling in pressure-overloaded cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts can promote cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction. In the atria, TGFβ-mediated fibrosis can contribute to the pathogenic substrate for atrial fibrillation. Overactive or dysregulated TGFβ responses have also been implicated in cardiac ageing and in the pathogenesis of diabetic, genetic and inflammatory cardiomyopathies. This Review summarizes the current evidence on the role of TGFβ signalling in myocardial diseases, focusing on cellular targets and molecular mechanisms, and discussing challenges and opportunities for therapeutic translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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228
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Goodman MB, Savage-Dunn C. Reciprocal interactions between transforming growth factor beta signaling and collagens: Insights from Caenorhabditis elegans. Dev Dyn 2022; 251:47-60. [PMID: 34537996 PMCID: PMC8982858 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies in genetically tractable organisms such as the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans have led to pioneering insights into conserved developmental regulatory mechanisms. For example, Smad signal transducers for the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily were first identified in C. elegans and in the fruit fly Drosophila. Recent studies of TGF-β signaling and the extracellular matrix (ECM) in C. elegans have forged unexpected links between signaling and the ECM, yielding novel insights into the reciprocal interactions that occur across tissues and spatial scales, and potentially providing new opportunities for the study of biomechanical regulation of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam B. Goodman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, CA 94304
| | - Cathy Savage-Dunn
- Department of Biology, Queens College at the City University of New York, 11367,Correspondence to: >
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229
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Hua X, Zhang Y, Xu J, Xu L, Shi Y, Yang D, Gu X, Wang S, Jia X, Xu F, Chen J, Ying X. Peptidome analysis of human intrauterine adhesion tissues and the identification of antifibrotic peptide. J Biomed Res 2022; 36:280-296. [PMID: 35965437 PMCID: PMC9376730 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.36.20220059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine adhesion (IUA) is a common clinical endometrial disease, which can severely damage the fertility and quality of life in women. This study aims to find the differentially expressed endogenous peptides and their possible roles in IUA. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to identify the peptidomic profiling of IUA tissues, and the differentially expressed peptides were screened out. Using real-time quantitative PCR, Western blotting, and immunocytochemistry staining, the function of six endogenous peptides was verified in vitro. It was found that peptide 6 (T6) (peptide sequence: TFGGAPGFPLGSPLSSVFPR) could inhibit the expression of TGF-β1-induced cell fibrosis in human endometrial stromal cell line and primary human endometrial stromal cell at a concentration of 50 μmol/L. This study provides new targets for further clarifying the formation and prevention of IUA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Hua
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, China
- Xiangdong Hua, Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, 123 Mochou Rd, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, China. Tel: +86-25-52226961, E-mail:
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, China
| | - Juan Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, China
| | - Yaqian Shi
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, China
| | - Dazhen Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, China
| | - Xiaoyan Gu
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, China
| | - Sumin Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, China
| | - Xuemei Jia
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ying
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, China
- Xiaoyan Ying, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiangjiayuan Rd, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, China. Tel: +86-25-58509900, E-mail:
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230
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Zhang Z, Zhou J, Verma V, Liu X, Wu M, Yu J, Chen D. Crossed Pathways for Radiation-Induced and Immunotherapy-Related Lung Injury. Front Immunol 2021; 12:774807. [PMID: 34925345 PMCID: PMC8672113 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.774807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is a form of radiation damage to normal lung tissue caused by radiotherapy (RT) for thoracic cancers, which is most commonly comprised of radiation pneumonitis (RP) and radiation pulmonary fibrosis (RPF). Moreover, with the widespread utilization of immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors as first- and second-line treatments for various cancers, the incidence of immunotherapy-related lung injury (IRLI), a severe immune-related adverse event (irAE), has rapidly increased. To date, we know relatively little about the underlying mechanisms and signaling pathways of these complications. A better understanding of the signaling pathways may facilitate the prevention of lung injury and exploration of potential therapeutic targets. Therefore, this review provides an overview of the signaling pathways of RILI and IRLI and focuses on their crosstalk in diverse signaling pathways as well as on possible mechanisms of adverse events resulting from combined radiotherapy and immunotherapy. Furthermore, this review proposes potential therapeutic targets and avenues of further research based on signaling pathways. Many new studies on pyroptosis have renewed appreciation for the value and importance of pyroptosis in lung injury. Therefore, the authors posit that pyroptosis may be the common downstream pathway of RILI and IRLI; discussion is also conducted regarding further perspectives on pyroptosis as a crucial signaling pathway in lung injury treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengfu Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Laboratory of Radio-Immunology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jialin Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Laboratory of Radio-Immunology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Vivek Verma
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Laboratory of Radio-Immunology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Laboratory of Radio-Immunology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Laboratory of Radio-Immunology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Dawei Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Laboratory of Radio-Immunology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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231
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Barillari G, Bei R, Manzari V, Modesti A. Infection by High-Risk Human Papillomaviruses, Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Squamous Pre-Malignant or Malignant Lesions of the Uterine Cervix: A Series of Chained Events? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13543. [PMID: 34948338 PMCID: PMC8703928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing requires static epithelial cells to gradually assume a mobile phenotype through a multi-step process termed epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Although it is inherently transient and reversible, EMT perdures and is abnormally activated when the epithelium is chronically exposed to pathogens: this event deeply alters the tissue and eventually contributes to the development of diseases. Among the many of them is uterine cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), the most frequent malignancy of the female genital system. SCC, whose onset is associated with the persistent infection of the uterine cervix by high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs), often relapses and/or metastasizes, being resistant to conventional chemo- or radiotherapy. Given that these fearsome clinical features may stem, at least in part, from the exacerbated and long-lasting EMT occurring in the HPV-infected cervix; here we have reviewed published studies concerning the impact that HPV oncoproteins, cellular tumor suppressors, regulators of gene expression, inflammatory cytokines or growth factors, and the interactions among these effectors have on EMT induction and cervical carcinogenesis. It is predictable and desirable that a broader comprehension of the role that EMT inducers play in SCC pathogenesis will provide indications to flourish new strategies directed against this aggressive tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Barillari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 1 via Montellier, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (V.M.); (A.M.)
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A hierarchical bilayer architecture for complex tissue regeneration. Bioact Mater 2021; 10:93-106. [PMID: 34901532 PMCID: PMC8636921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineering a complete, physiologically functional, periodontal complex structure remains a great clinical challenge due to the highly hierarchical architecture of the periodontium and coordinated regulation of multiple growth factors required to induce stem cell multilineage differentiation. Using biomimetic self-assembly and microstamping techniques, we construct a hierarchical bilayer architecture consisting of intrafibrillarly mineralized collagen resembling bone and cementum, and unmineralized parallel-aligned fibrils mimicking periodontal ligament. The prepared biphasic scaffold possesses unique micro/nano structure, differential mechanical properties, and growth factor-rich microenvironment between the two phases, realizing a perfect simulation of natural periodontal hard/soft tissue interface. The interconnected porous hard compartment with a Young's modulus of 1409.00 ± 160.83 MPa could induce cross-arrangement and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells in vitro, whereas the micropatterned soft compartment with a Young's modulus of 42.62 ± 4.58 MPa containing abundant endogenous growth factors, could guide parallel arrangement and fibrogenic differentiation of stem cells in vitro. After implantation in critical-sized complete periodontal tissue defect, the biomimetic bilayer architecture potently reconstructs native periodontium with the insertion of periodontal ligament fibers into newly formed cementum and alveolar bone by recruiting host mesenchymal stem cells and activating the transforming growth factor beta 1/Smad3 signaling pathway. Taken together, integration of self-assembly and microstamping strategies could successfully fabricate a hierarchical bilayer architecture, which exhibits great potential for recruiting and regulating host stem cells to promote synergistic regeneration of hard/soft tissues.
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KLF4, negatively regulated by miR-7, suppresses osteoarthritis development via activating TGF-β1 signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 102:108416. [PMID: 34891002 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative disease which seriously affects the patients' daily activities and quality of life. In our previous findings, we demonstrated that overexpression of miR-7 was found in OA and promoted OA development. Its exact mechanism remains unclear. Herein, we confirmed that KLF4 was the target gene of miR-7 and KLF4 was down-regulated in human OA tissues and OA chondrocyte. KLF4 was negatively modulated by miR-7 via dual luciferase reporter assay. Cartilage-specific genes (SOX9, COL2A1, RUNX2, MMP13) are crucial regulators in cartilage degeneration. Through qRT-PCR and western blot, we observed that KLF4 overexpression could increase the expression of SOX9 and COL2A1, decrease RUNX2 and MMP13. In the meanwhile, miR-7 was proven to regulate the expression of the above cartilage-specific genes by targeting KLF4, which demonstrated KLF4 could prevent OA development. Subsequently, KLF4 also activated TGF-β1 signaling pathway, thereby affecting OA progression. Excessive KLF4 could up-regulate TGF-β1 and p-Smad2/3 level, and Smad4 level was prevented in OA chondrocytes, while adding TGF-β1 inhibitor SB525334 could rescue this impact, along with reduced TGF-β1 and p-Smad2/3 level, enriched Smad4 level. KLF4 could also reverse the effect of miR-7 on TGF-β1 signaling. Besides, it was confirmed that KLF4 could improve OA in rat OA models by HE and Safranin O-Fast green staining, and immunohistochemistry. Collectively, our findings will give more detailed evidence about miR-7 and KLF4 in OA diagnosis and treatment.
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A Protein from Dioscorea polystachya (Chinese Yam) Improves Hydrocortisone-Induced Testicular Dysfunction by Alleviating Leydig Cell Injury via Upregulation of the Nrf2 Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:3575016. [PMID: 34887997 PMCID: PMC8651383 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3575016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Leydig cell injury has been described as a primary driver of testicular dysfunction and is affected by oxidative stress. Dioscorea polystachya (Chinese yam) is used to improve testicular dysfunction in clinical and pharmacological research via its antioxidative activity, but the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effect of Chinese yam on testicular dysfunction and its suppression of Leydig cell oxidative damage remain unclear. In this study, we obtained a Chinese yam protein (DP1) and explored its effectiveness and possible mechanism in improving testicular dysfunction in vivo and in vitro. We established a testicular dysfunction model in rats using hydrocortisone (HCT). DP1 increased body weight and organ index, improved the deterioration in testicular morphology (including increasing the diameter of seminiferous tubules and thickness of germinal cell layers, inhibiting testicular cell apoptosis by increasing the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and impeding collagen leakage by downregulating TGF-β1 and p-SMAD2/3 expression), and restored the testosterone content. In addition, DP1 enhanced the number of Leydig cells in rats and H2O2-induced TM3 Leydig cells, and the effect of DP1 on the apoptosis, fibrosis, and testosterone content of TM3 cells was similar to that observed in vivo. These changes were dependent on the regulation of oxidative stress, including significantly reduced intracellular 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine levels, enhanced superoxide dismutase activities, and decreased superoxide anion levels, which were confirmed via a superoxide overexpression system. Furthermore, we observed that DP1 promoted Nrf2 nuclear import and upregulated antioxidant factor expression in vivo and in vitro. However, Nrf2 silencing eliminated the ability of DP1 to increase the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, reduce the expression levels of TGF-β1 and p-SMAD2/3, and increase testosterone contents in H2O2-induced TM3 cells. In conclusion, DP1 reversed the HCT-induced testicular apoptosis and fibrosis and decreased testosterone contents by alleviating Leydig cell oxidative damage via upregulation of the Nrf2 pathway.
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Distinct roles of KLF4 in mesenchymal cell subtypes during lung fibrogenesis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7179. [PMID: 34893592 PMCID: PMC8664937 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27499-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During lung fibrosis, the epithelium induces signaling to underlying mesenchyme to generate excess myofibroblasts and extracellular matrix; herein, we focus on signaling in the mesenchyme. Our studies indicate that platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-β+ cells are the predominant source of myofibroblasts and Kruppel-like factor (KLF) 4 is upregulated in PDGFR-β+ cells, inducing TGFβ pathway signaling and fibrosis. In fibrotic lung patches, KLF4 is down-regulated, suggesting KLF4 levels decrease as PDGFR-β+ cells transition into myofibroblasts. In contrast to PDGFR-β+ cells, KLF4 reduction in α-smooth muscle actin (SMA)+ cells non-cell autonomously exacerbates lung fibrosis by inducing macrophage accumulation and pro-fibrotic effects of PDGFR-β+ cells via a Forkhead box M1 to C-C chemokine ligand 2-receptor 2 pathway. Taken together, in the context of lung fibrosis, our results indicate that KLF4 plays opposing roles in PDGFR-β+ cells and SMA+ cells and highlight the importance of further studies of interactions between distinct mesenchymal cell types.
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Kawami M, Takenaka S, Akai M, Yumoto R, Takano M. Characterization of miR-34a-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Non-Small Lung Cancer Cells Focusing on p53. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121853. [PMID: 34944497 PMCID: PMC8699678 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), a phenotypic conversion of the epithelial to mesenchymal state, contributes to cancer progression. Currently, several microRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with EMT-mediated cancer progression, but the contribution of miR-34a to EMT in cancer cells remains controversial. The present study aimed to clarify the role of miR-34a in the EMT-related phenotypes of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, A549 (p53 wild-type) and H1299 (p53-deficient). Methods: The miR-34a mimic and p53 small interfering RNA (siRNA) were transfected into the cells using Lipofectamine, and the obtained total RNA and cell lysates were used for real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analysis, respectively. Results: The introduction of the miR-34a mimic led to an increase in the mRNA and protein expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), a mesenchymal marker gene, in A549, but not in H1299 cells. Additionally, miR-34a-induced the upregulation of p53 activity and migration was observed in A549, but not in H1299 cells. However, under the p53-knockdown condition, only α-SMA upregulation by miR-34a was abolished. Conclusion: These findings indicate a close relationship between p53 and miR-34a-induced EMT in p53-wild type NSCLC cells, which provides novel insights about the role of miR-34a in EMT-like phenotypic changes in NSCLC.
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Micus LC, Trautschold-Krause FS, Jelit AL, Schön MP, Lorenz VN. NF-кB c-Rel modulates pre-fibrotic changes in human fibroblasts. Arch Dermatol Res 2021; 314:943-951. [PMID: 34888734 PMCID: PMC9522690 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-021-02310-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Skin fibrosis is one central hallmark of the heterogeneous autoimmune disease systemic sclerosis. So far, there are hardly any standardized and effective treatment options. Pathogenic mechanisms underlying fibrosis comprise excessive and uncontrolled myofibroblast differentiation, increased extracellular matrix protein (ECM) synthesis and an intensification of the forces exerted by the cytoskeleton. A deeper understanding of fibroblast transformation could help to prevent or reverse fibrosis by specifically interfering with abnormally regulated signaling pathways. The transcription factor NF-κB has been implicated in the progression of fibrotic processes. However, the cellular processes regulated by NF-κB in fibrosis as well as the NF-κB isoforms preferentially involved are still completely unknown. In an in vitro model of fibrosis, we consistently observed the induction of the c-Rel subunit of NF-κB. Functional abrogation of c-Rel by siRNA resulted in diminished cell contractility of dermal fibroblasts in relaxed, but not in stressed 3D collagen matrices. Furthermore, directed migration was reduced after c-Rel silencing and total N-cadherin expression level was diminished, possibly mediating the observed cellular defects. Therefore, NF-кB c-Rel impacts central cellular adhesion markers and processes which negatively regulate fibrotic progression in SSc pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Carolina Micus
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen Lower Saxony, Robert Koch Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Susanne Trautschold-Krause
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen Lower Saxony, Robert Koch Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna Lena Jelit
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen Lower Saxony, Robert Koch Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Peter Schön
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen Lower Saxony, Robert Koch Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Verena Natalie Lorenz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen Lower Saxony, Robert Koch Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
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Suppression of the fibrotic encapsulation of silicone implants by inhibiting the mechanical activation of pro-fibrotic TGF-β. Nat Biomed Eng 2021; 5:1437-1456. [PMID: 34031559 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-021-00722-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The fibrotic encapsulation of implants involves the mechanical activation of myofibroblasts and of pro-fibrotic transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1). Here, we show that both softening of the implant surfaces and inhibition of the activation of TGF-β1 reduce the fibrotic encapsulation of subcutaneous silicone implants in mice. Conventionally stiff silicones (elastic modulus, ~2 MPa) coated with a soft silicone layer (elastic modulus, ~2 kPa) reduced collagen deposition as well as myofibroblast activation without affecting the numbers of macrophages and their polarization states. Instead, fibroblasts around stiff implants exhibited enhanced intracellular stress, increased the recruitment of αv and β1 integrins, and activated TGF-β1 signalling. In vitro, the recruitment of αv integrin to focal adhesions and the activation of β1 integrin and of TGF-β were higher in myofibroblasts grown on latency-associated peptide (LAP)-coated stiff silicones than on soft silicones. Antagonizing αv integrin binding to LAP through the small-molecule inhibitor CWHM-12 suppressed active TGF-β signalling, myofibroblast activation and the fibrotic encapsulation of stiff subcutaneous implants in mice.
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Mukherjee S, Chakraborty M, Ulmasov B, McCommis K, Zhang J, Carpenter D, Msengi EN, Haubner J, Guo C, Pike DP, Ghoshal S, Ford DA, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Chakraborty A. Pleiotropic actions of IP6K1 mediate hepatic metabolic dysfunction to promote nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis. Mol Metab 2021; 54:101364. [PMID: 34757046 PMCID: PMC8609165 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity and insulin resistance greatly increase the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis (NAFLD/NASH). We have previously discovered that whole-body and adipocyte-specific Ip6k1deletion protects mice from high-fat-diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance due to improved adipocyte thermogenesis and insulin signaling. Here, we aimed to determine the impact of hepatocyte-specific and whole-body Ip6k1 deletion (HKO and Ip6k1-KO or KO) on liver metabolism and NAFLD/NASH. METHODS Body weight and composition; energy expenditure; glycemic profiles; and serum and liver metabolic, inflammatory, fibrotic and toxicity parameters were assessed in mice fed Western and high-fructose diet (HFrD) (WD: 40% kcal fat, 1.25% cholesterol, no added choline and HFrD: 60% kcal fructose). Mitochondrial oxidative capacity was evaluated in isolated hepatocytes. RNA-Seq was performed in liver samples. Livers from human NASH patients were analyzed by immunoblotting and mass spectrometry. RESULTS HKO mice displayed increased hepatocyte mitochondrial oxidative capacity and improved insulin sensitivity but were not resistant to body weight gain. Improved hepatocyte metabolism partially protected HKO mice from NAFLD/NASH. In contrast, enhanced whole-body metabolism and reduced body fat accumulation significantly protected whole-body Ip6k1-KO mice from NAFLD/NASH. Mitochondrial oxidative pathways were upregulated, whereas gluconeogenic and fibrogenic pathways were downregulated in Ip6k1-KO livers. Furthermore, IP6K1 was upregulated in human NASH livers and interacted with the enzyme O-GlcNAcase that reduces protein O-GlcNAcylation. Protein O-GlcNAcylation was found to be reduced in Ip6k1-KO and HKO mouse livers. CONCLUSION Pleiotropic actions of IP6K1 in the liver and other metabolic tissues mediate hepatic metabolic dysfunction and NAFLD/NASH, and thus IP6K1 deletion may be a potential treatment target for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Molee Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Barbara Ulmasov
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Kyle McCommis
- Department of Biochemistry, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Danielle Carpenter
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Eliwaza Naomi Msengi
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Jake Haubner
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Chun Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Daniel P Pike
- Department of Biochemistry, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Sarbani Ghoshal
- Department of Biological Sc. and Geology, QCC-CUNY, Bayside, NY, USA
| | - David A Ford
- Department of Biochemistry, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Brent A Neuschwander-Tetri
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Anutosh Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
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Wenzel D, Haddadi N, Afshari K, Richmond JM, Rashighi M. Upcoming treatments for morphea. Immun Inflamm Dis 2021; 9:1101-1145. [PMID: 34272836 PMCID: PMC8589364 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphea (localized scleroderma) is a rare autoimmune connective tissue disease with variable clinical presentations, with an annual incidence of 0.4-2.7 cases per 100,000. Morphea occurs most frequently in children aged 2-14 years, and the disease exhibits a female predominance. Insights into morphea pathogenesis are often extrapolated from studies of systemic sclerosis due to their similar skin histopathologic features; however, clinically they are two distinct diseases as evidenced by different demographics, clinical features, disease course and prognosis. An interplay between genetic factors, epigenetic modifications, immune and vascular dysfunction, along with environmental hits are considered as the main contributors to morphea pathogenesis. In this review, we describe potential new therapies for morphea based on both preclinical evidence and ongoing clinical trials. We focus on different classes of therapeutics, including antifibrotic, anti-inflammatory, cellular and gene therapy, and antisenolytic approaches, and how these target different aspects of disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wenzel
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
| | - Nazgol‐Sadat Haddadi
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
| | - Khashayar Afshari
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jillian M. Richmond
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
| | - Mehdi Rashighi
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
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Cell-Type-Specific Profibrotic Scores across Multi-Organ Systems Predict Cancer Prognosis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236024. [PMID: 34885134 PMCID: PMC8656778 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Fibrosis is a major player and contributor in the tumor microenvironment. Profibrotic changes precede the early development and establishment of a variety of human diseases, such as fibrosis and cancer. Being able to measure such early signals at the single cell level is critically useful for identifying new mechanisms and potential drug targets for a wide range of diseases. This study was designed to computationally identify profibrotic cell populations using single-cell transcriptomic data and to identify gene signatures that could predict cancer prognosis. Abstract Fibrosis is a major cause of mortality. Key profibrotic mechanisms are common pathways involved in tumorigenesis. Characterizing the profibrotic phenotype will help reveal the underlying mechanisms of early development and progression of a variety of human diseases, such as fibrosis and cancer. Fibroblasts have been center stage in response to various stimuli, such as viral infections. However, a comprehensive catalog of cell types involved in this process is currently lacking. Here, we deployed single-cell transcriptomic data across multi-organ systems (i.e., heart, kidney, liver, and lung) to identify novel profibrotic cell populations based on ECM pathway activity at single-cell resolution. In addition to fibroblasts, we also reported that epithelial, endothelial, myeloid, natural killer T, and secretory cells, as well as proximal convoluted tubule cells of the nephron, were significantly actively involved. Cell-type-specific gene signatures were enriched in viral infection pathways, enhanced glycolysis, and carcinogenesis, among others; they were validated using independent datasets in this study. By projecting the signatures into bulk TCGA tumor samples, we could predict prognosis in the patients using profibrotic scores. Our profibrotic cellular phenotype is useful for identifying new mechanisms and potential drug targets at the cell-type level for a wide range of diseases involved in ECM pathway activation.
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Yokosaki Y, Nishimichi N. New Therapeutic Targets for Hepatic Fibrosis in the Integrin Family, α8β1 and α11β1, Induced Specifically on Activated Stellate Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312794. [PMID: 34884600 PMCID: PMC8657911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A huge effort has been devoted to developing drugs targeting integrins over 30 years, because of the primary roles of integrins in the cell-matrix milieu. Five αv-containing integrins, in the 24 family members, have been a central target of fibrosis. Currently, a small molecule against αvβ1 is undergoing a clinical trial for NASH-associated fibrosis as a rare agent aiming at fibrogenesis. Latent TGFβ activation, a distinct talent of αv-integrins, has been intriguing as a therapeutic target. None of the αv-integrin inhibitors, however, has been in the clinical market. αv-integrins commonly recognize an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence, and thus the pharmacophore of inhibitors for the 5-integrins is based on the same RGD structure. The RGD preference of the integrins, at the same time, dilutes ligand specificity, as the 5-integrins share ligands containing RGD sequence such as fibronectin. With the inherent little specificity in both drugs and targets, "disease specificity" has become less important for the inhibitors than blocking as many αv-integrins. In fact, an almighty inhibitor for αv-integrins, pan-αv, was in a clinical trial. On the contrary, approved integrin inhibitors are all specific to target integrins, which are expressed in a cell-type specific manner: αIIbβ3 on platelets, α4β1, α4β7 and αLβ2 on leukocytes. Herein, "disease specific" integrins would serve as attractive targets. α8β1 and α11β1 are selectively expressed in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and distinctively induced upon culture activation. The exceptional specificity to activated HSCs reflects a rather "pathology specific" nature of these new integrins. The monoclonal antibodies against α8β1 and α11β1 in preclinical examinations may illuminate the road to the first medical agents.
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López de Sa A, Pascual A, Garcia Santos J, Mendez R, Bellon M, Ramirez M, Matute F, Del Arco C, Manzano A, Coronado P, Casado A, Marquina G. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour of an unusual presentation in the uterine cervix: a case report. World J Surg Oncol 2021; 19:331. [PMID: 34801049 PMCID: PMC8606074 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-021-02438-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour is an infrequent mesenchymal neoplasia of unknown aetiology and variable behaviour, ranging from rather benign lesions to locally aggressive and even metastatic disease. Its presence has been described in almost all organs; however, its location in the female genital tract has rarely been reported. Case presentation We present the case of a 47-year-old female, who was studied in our institution for a recent medical history of several weeks of dyspareunia and abdominal pain. She underwent pertinent studies including ultrasonography and CT scan. Under suspicion of degenerated leiomyoma, a total hysterectomy was performed. Unexpectedly, the pathological study of the surgical specimen showed very few tumour cells with focal fusiform morphology surrounded by an abundant inflammatory infiltrate; a thorough immunohistochemistry study lead to myofibroblastic tumour of the cervix diagnosis. A PET-CT scan did not show metastatic disease. The patient did not undergo any adjuvant treatment, and she is currently on surveillance with no evidence of disease relapse. Conclusions Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour remains a rare entity yet to be fully elucidated. The diagnosis is based on pathological study due to the lack of typical clinical manifestations and typical radiological images. Surgical resection is the most frequent treatment, whereas chemotherapy and radiotherapy are restricted to locally advanced or metastatic disease. Tirosine kinase inhibitor crizotinib has shown promising results especially in tumours harbouring ALK mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso López de Sa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinico san Carlos, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Pascual
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Garcia Santos
- Gynaecologic Oncology Unit, Hospital Clinico san Carlos, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramiro Mendez
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Clinico san Carlos, Department of Radiology and Physics Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Monica Bellon
- Gynaecologic Oncology Unit, Hospital Clinico san Carlos, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Ramirez
- Gynaecologic Oncology Unit, Hospital Clinico san Carlos, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fatima Matute
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Clinico san Carlos, Department of Radiology and Physics Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Del Arco
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aránzazu Manzano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinico san Carlos, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pluvio Coronado
- Gynaecologic Oncology Unit, Hospital Clinico san Carlos, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Casado
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinico san Carlos, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Marquina
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinico san Carlos, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), IdISSC, Madrid, Spain.
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Zhang G, Jiang Y, Liu X, Deng Y, Wei B, Shi L. Lingonberry Anthocyanins Inhibit Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation and Liver Fibrosis via TGFβ/Smad/ERK Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13546-13556. [PMID: 34735147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemicals from lingonberry have rich pharmacological value and may play an essential role in treating liver diseases. We investigated the regulatory role of lingonberry anthocyanins (LA) on HSC activation in vitro and liver fibrogenesis in vivo. The viability of HSCs treated with LA was significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner at the concentration of 25-100 μg/mL, in which the monomers of LA also reduced the proliferation of HSCs via IC50 assay. The inducer transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) and the effector α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) of HSC activation were all decreased both in protein and RNA levels treated by LA. Moreover, LA alleviated CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in rats, reducing collagen aggregation and production and decreasing the hydroxyproline (HYP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the liver tissue. Moreover, LA reduced the indexes of serum liver fibrosis and reversed the index of serum liver function in CCl4-induced rats. Furthermore, the antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT), in the liver tissue and serum were significantly increased upon treatment with LA. Importantly, LA promoted hepatic parenchymal cell proliferation and inhibited the expression of TGFβ/Smad/extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) signaling pathway-related genes. This study demonstrates the anti-liver fibrosis activity of LA and investigates its mechanism, which may provide a novel strategy for treating liver fibrosis using lingonberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guokun Zhang
- Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, Jilin 130600, China.,Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Changchun, Jilin 130112, China
| | - Yunyao Jiang
- Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, Jilin 130600, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110159, China
| | - Yongyan Deng
- Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, Jilin 130600, China
| | - Bin Wei
- Jilin Province Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Changchun, Jilin 130000, China
| | - Liyan Shi
- Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, Jilin 130600, China.,China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130031, China
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245
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Cui H, Liu G. DOCK-t(w)o Pleural Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 66:117-119. [PMID: 34758277 PMCID: PMC8845136 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0411ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Huachun Cui
- University of alabama at birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Gang Liu
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States;
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246
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Adapala RK, Katari V, Teegala LR, Thodeti S, Paruchuri S, Thodeti CK. TRPV4 Mechanotransduction in Fibrosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113053. [PMID: 34831281 PMCID: PMC8619244 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is an irreversible, debilitating condition marked by the excessive production of extracellular matrix and tissue scarring that eventually results in organ failure and disease. Differentiation of fibroblasts to hypersecretory myofibroblasts is the key event in fibrosis. Although both soluble and mechanical factors are implicated in fibroblast differentiation, much of the focus is on TGF-β signaling, but to date, there are no specific drugs available for the treatment of fibrosis. In this review, we describe the role for TRPV4 mechanotransduction in cardiac and lung fibrosis, and we propose TRPV4 as an alternative therapeutic target for fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi K. Adapala
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (R.K.A.); (V.K.); (L.R.T.); (S.P.)
| | - Venkatesh Katari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (R.K.A.); (V.K.); (L.R.T.); (S.P.)
| | - Lakshminarayan Reddy Teegala
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (R.K.A.); (V.K.); (L.R.T.); (S.P.)
| | | | - Sailaja Paruchuri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (R.K.A.); (V.K.); (L.R.T.); (S.P.)
| | - Charles K. Thodeti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (R.K.A.); (V.K.); (L.R.T.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence:
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247
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Zhang Y, Zhu Z, Wang T, Dong Y, Fan Y, Sun D. TGF-β1-containing exosomes from cardiac microvascular endothelial cells mediate cardiac fibroblast activation under high glucose conditions. Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 99:693-699. [PMID: 34726968 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2020-0624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblast (CF)-mediated extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is the key pathological basis for the occurrence and development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM); its specific regulatory mechanisms have been widely studied but remain unclear. Exosomes are a type of stable signal transmission medium, and exosome-mediated cell-cell interactions play an important role in DCM. Endothelial cells form an important barrier between circulation and cardiomyocytes, in addition to being an important endocrine organ of the heart and an initial target for hyperglycemia, a key aspect in the development of DCM. We previously showed that exosomes derived from cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) under high glucose conditions can be taken up by cardiomyocytes and regulate autophagy, apoptosis, and glucose metabolism. Consequently, in the present study, we focused on how exosomes mediate the interaction between CMECs and CFs. Surprisingly, exosomes derived from CMECs under high glucose were rich in TGF-β1 mRNA, which significantly promoted the activation of CFs. Additionally, exosomes derived from CMECs under high glucose conditions aggravated perivascular and interstitial fibrosis in mice treated with streptozotocin. Herein, we demonstrated for the first time the capacity of exosomes, released by CMECs under high glucose, to mediate fibroblast activation through TGF-β1 mRNA, which may be potentially beneficial in the development of exosome-targeted therapies to control DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhengru Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanhong Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dongdong Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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248
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Elshafei A, Khidr EG, El-Husseiny AA, Gomaa MH. RAAS, ACE2 and COVID-19; a mechanistic review. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:6465-6470. [PMID: 34305426 PMCID: PMC8270731 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients has been claimed as associated with the risk of COVID-19 infection and its subsequent morbidities and mortalities. These claims were resulting from the possibility of upregulating the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), facilitation of SARS-CoV-2 entry, and increasing the susceptibility of infection in such treated cardiovascular patients. ACE2 and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) products have a critical function in controlling the severity of lung injury, fibrosis, and failure following the initiation of the disease. This review is to clarify the mechanisms beyond the possible deleterious effects of angiotensin II (Ang II), and the potential protective role of angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7) against pulmonary fibrosis, with a subsequent discussion of the latest updates on ACEIs/ARBs use and COVID-19 susceptibility in the light of these mechanisms and biochemical explanation.
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Key Words
- ACE1, angiotensin-converting enzyme 1
- ACE2
- ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
- ACEIs
- ACEIs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
- AEC-II, alveolar epithelial type II cells
- ARBs
- ARBs, angiotensin receptor blockers
- AT1R, angiotensin type 1 receptor
- AT2R, angiotensin type 2 receptor
- Ang 1-7, angiotensin 1-7
- Ang 1-9, angiotensin 1-9
- AngI, angiotensin I
- AngII, angiotensin II
- Angiotensin 1–7
- Angiotensin II
- COVID-19
- COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- ICU, intensive care unit
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- NLRP3, (NOD, LRR, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3)
- RAAS, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor-beta
- miR-21, microRNA-21
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elshafei
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Emad Gamil Khidr
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. El-Husseiny
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maher H. Gomaa
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
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Targeting of Smad7 in Mesenchymal Cells Does Not Exacerbate Fibrosis During Experimental Chronic Pancreatitis. Pancreas 2021; 50:1427-1434. [PMID: 35041343 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-mediated accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen I is a common feature of fibrosis. Pancreatic stellate cells play an integral role in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis, and their profibrotic ability is mainly mediated by TGF-β signaling. To specifically address the role of fibrogenic cells in experimental pancreatic fibrosis, we deleted Smad7, the main feedback inhibitor of TGF-β signaling in this cell type in mice. METHODS A mouse strain harboring a conditional knockout allele of Smad7 (Smad7fl/fl) with the tamoxifen-inducible inducible Col1a2-CreERT allele was generated and compared with wild-type mice challenged with the cerulein-based model of chronic pancreatitis. RESULTS Pancreatic stellate cells lacking Smad7 had significantly increased collagen I and fibronectin production and showed a higher activation level in vitro. Surprisingly, the fibrotic index in the pancreata of treated conditional knockout mice was only slightly increased, without statistical significance. Except for fibronectin, the expression of different extracellular matrix proteins and the numbers of fibroblasts and inflammatory cells were similar between Smad7-mutant and control mice. CONCLUSIONS There was no clear evidence that the lack of Smad7 in pancreatic stellate cells plays a major role in experimental pancreatitis, at least in the mouse model investigated here.
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250
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TRIM proteins in fibrosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112340. [PMID: 34678729 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is an outcome of tissue repair after different types of injuries. The homeostasis of extracellular matrix is broken, and excessive deposition occurs, affecting the normal function of tissues and organs, which could become prostrated in serious cases.Finding a suitable target to regulate the repair process and reduce the damage caused by fibrosis is a hot research topic at present. The TRIM family is number of one of the E3 ubiquitin ligase subfamilies and participates in various biological processes including intracellular signal transduction, apoptosis, autophagy, and immunity by regulating the ubiquitination of target proteins. For the past few years, the important role of TRIM in the occurrence and development of fibrosis has been gradually revealed. In this review, we focus on the recent emerging topics on TRIM proteins in the regulation of fibrosis, fibrosis-related cytokines and pathways.
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